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Ray AK, Shukla A, Yadav A, Kaur U, Singh AK, Mago P, Bhavesh NS, Chaturvedi R, Tandon R, Shalimar, Kumar A, Malik MZ. A Comprehensive Pilot Study to Elucidate the Distinct Gut Microbial Composition and Its Functional Significance in Cardio-Metabolic Disease. Biochem Genet 2024:10.1007/s10528-024-10847-w. [PMID: 38839647 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-024-10847-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Cardio-metabolic disease is a significant global health challenge with increasing prevalence. Recent research underscores the disruption of gut microbial balance as a key factor in disease susceptibility. We aimed to characterize the gut microbiota composition and function in cardio-metabolic disease and healthy controls. For this purpose, we collected stool samples of 18 subjects (12 diseased, 6 healthy) and we performed metagenomics analysis and functional prediction using QIIME2 and PICRUSt. Furthermore, we carried out assessments of microbe-gene interactions, gene ontology, and microbe-disease associations. Our findings revealed distinct microbial patterns in the diseased group, particularly evident in lower taxonomic levels with significant variations in 14 microbial features. The diseased cohort exhibited an enrichment of Lachnospiraceae family, correlating with obesity, insulin resistance, and metabolic disturbances. Conversely, reduced levels of Clostridium, Gemmiger, and Ruminococcus genera indicated a potential inflammatory state, linked to compromised butyrate production and gut permeability. Functional analyses highlighted dysregulated pathways in amino acid metabolism and energy equilibrium, with perturbations correlating with elevated branch-chain amino acid levels-a known contributor to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. These findings were consistent across biomarker assessments, microbe-gene associations, and gene ontology analyses, emphasizing the intricate interplay between gut microbial dysbiosis and cardio-metabolic disease progression. In conclusion, our study unveils significant shifts in gut microbial composition and function in cardio-metabolic disease, emphasizing the broader implications of microbial dysregulation. Addressing gut microbial balance emerges as a crucial therapeutic target in managing cardio-metabolic disease burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwini Kumar Ray
- Department of Environmental Studies, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India.
| | - Avaneesh Shukla
- Department of Environmental Studies, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Alka Yadav
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Urvinder Kaur
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Alok Kumar Singh
- Department of Zoology, Ramjas College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Payal Mago
- Shaheed Rajguru College of Applied Sciences for Women, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
- Campus of Open Learning, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Neel Sarovar Bhavesh
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Rupesh Chaturvedi
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Ravi Tandon
- Laboratory of AIDS Research and Immunology, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Shalimar
- Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Science, New Delhi, India
| | - Abhishek Kumar
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, India
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Whitefield, Bangalore, India
| | - Md Zubbair Malik
- Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait.
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India.
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2
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Wang J, Li P, Sun L, Zhang J, Yue K, Wang Y, Wu X. FAM83B regulates mitochondrial metabolism and anti-apoptotic activity in pulmonary adenocarcinoma. Apoptosis 2024; 29:743-756. [PMID: 38478170 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-024-01944-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Chemotherapy is an effective therapeutic modality; nevertheless, a significant proportion of patients diagnosed with lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) demonstrate resistance to chemotherapy. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the potential regulatory mechanisms to develop novel treatment strategies. This study aims to understand how increased FAM83B expression impacts mitochondrial activity, cell apoptosis, and chemotherapy effectiveness in LUAD. Multiple assays, such as CCK8, wound healing, EdU, and transwell assays, were employed to confirm the augmented chemotherapy resistance, heightened cell proliferation, migration, and invasion caused by FAM83B overexpression in LUAD cells. Furthermore, MIMP, MTG, and ATP assays were utilized to quantify changes in mitochondrial metabolism. In vitro functional assays were performed to evaluate the influence of FAM83B overexpression on the malignant progression and resistance mechanisms to chemotherapy in LUAD. In the context of this study, it was determined that LUAD patients with increased FAM83B expression had shorter survival times, and tissue samples with FAM83B overexpression were more prone to metastasis compared to primary samples. As a result, FAM83B is identified as an adverse prognostic marker. The mechanistic analysis demonstrated that FAM83B impedes the translocation of calbindin 2 (CALB2) from the cytoplasm to the mitochondria, resulting in the inhibition of apoptosis and the promotion of mitochondrial activity. Consequently, this ultimately confers resistance to chemotherapy in LUAD. Furthermore, the administration of metformin, which blocks mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), can restore sensitivity to drug resistance in LUAD. Taken together, these findings provide substantial evidence supporting the notion that FAM83B enhances chemotherapy resistance in LUAD through the upregulation of mitochondrial metabolism and the inhibition of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Wang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences and QiLu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Panpan Li
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences and QiLu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Limin Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, Shandong Provincial Third Hospital, Jinan, 250031, Shandong, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences and QiLu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Ke Yue
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences and QiLu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences and QiLu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaojuan Wu
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences and QiLu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
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Li W, Mo J, Yang Z, Zhao Z, Mei S. Risk factors associated with high-dose methotrexate induced toxicities. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2024; 20:263-274. [PMID: 38501267 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2024.2332366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION High-dose methotrexate (HDMTX) therapy poses challenges in various neoplasms due to individualized pharmacokinetics and associated adverse effects. Our purpose is to identify early risk factors associated with HDMTX-induced toxicities, paving the way for personalized treatment. AREAS COVERED A systematic review of PubMed and Cochrane databases was conducted for articles from inception to July 2023. Eligible studies included reviews, clinical trials, and real-world analyses. Irrelevant studies were excluded, and manual searches and citation reviews were performed. Factors such as MTX exposure, drug interactions, demographics, serum albumin, urine pH, serum calcium, and genetic polymorphisms affecting MTX transport (e.g. SLCO1B1), intracellular folate metabolism (MTHFR), cell development (ARID5B), metabolic pathways (UGT1A1, PNPLA3), as well as epigenetics were identified. EXPERT OPINION This comprehensive review aids researchers and clinicians in early identification of HDMTX toxicity risk factors. By understanding the multifaceted risk factors associated with hematologic malignancies, personalized treatment approaches can be tailored to optimize therapeutic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenshu Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P. R. China
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jiayi Mo
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P. R. China
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Zhilin Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P. R. China
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Zhigang Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P. R. China
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Shenghui Mei
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P. R. China
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P. R. China
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4
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Ni Z, Cong S, Li H, Liu J, Zhang Q, Wei C, Pan G, He H, Liu W, Mao A. Integration of scRNA and bulk RNA-sequence to construct the 5-gene molecular prognostic model based on the heterogeneity of thyroid carcinoma endothelial cell. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2024; 56:255-269. [PMID: 38186223 PMCID: PMC10984871 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2023254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Thyroid cancer (TC) is a kind of cancer with high heterogeneity, which leads to significant difference in prognosis. The prognostic molecular processes are not well understood. Cancer cells and tumor microenvironment (TME) cells jointly determine the heterogeneity. However, quite a little attention was paid to cells in the TME in the past years. In this study, we not only reveal that endothelial cells (ECs) are strongly associated with the progress of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) using single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) data downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and WGCNA, but also screen 5 crucial genes of ECs: CLDN5, ABCG2, NOTCH4, PLAT, and TMEM47. Furthermore, the 5-gene molecular prognostic model is constructed, which can predict how well a patient will do on PD-L1 blockade immunotherapy for TC and evaluate prognosis. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis demonstrates that PLAT is decreased in TC and the increase of PLAT can restrain the migratory capacity of TC cells. Meanwhile, in TC cells, PLAT suppresses VEGFa/VEGFR2-mediated human umbilical vascular endothelial cell (HUVEC) proliferation and tube formation. Totally, we construct the 5-gene molecular prognostic model from the perspective of EC and provide a new idea for immunotherapy of TC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoxian Ni
- Department of General SurgeryMinhang HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai201199China
- Department of Head and Neck SurgeryFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghai200032China
- Department of OncologyShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai200032China
| | - Shan Cong
- Department of Laparoscopic Surgerythe First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical UniversityDalian116000China
| | - Hongchang Li
- Department of General SurgeryMinhang HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai201199China
| | - Jiazhe Liu
- Department of General SurgeryMinhang HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai201199China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of General SurgeryMinhang HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai201199China
| | - Chuanchao Wei
- Department of General SurgeryMinhang HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai201199China
| | - Gaofeng Pan
- Department of General SurgeryMinhang HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai201199China
| | - Hui He
- Department of Head and Neck SurgeryFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghai200032China
- Department of OncologyShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai200032China
- Department of Laparoscopic Surgerythe First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical UniversityDalian116000China
| | - Weiyan Liu
- Department of General SurgeryMinhang HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai201199China
| | - Anwei Mao
- Department of General SurgeryMinhang HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai201199China
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5
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Katinas JM, Nayeen MJ, Schneider M, Shah K, Fifer AN, Klapper LM, Sharma A, Thalluri K, Van Nieuwenhze MS, Hou Z, Gangjee A, Matherly LH, Dann CE. Structural Characterization of 5-Substituted Pyrrolo[3,2- d]pyrimidine Antifolate Inhibitors in Complex with Human Serine Hydroxymethyl Transferase 2. Biochemistry 2024:10.1021/acs.biochem.3c00613. [PMID: 38324671 PMCID: PMC11303599 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.3c00613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
We previously discovered first-in-class multitargeted 5-substituted pyrrolo[3,2-d]pyrimidine antifolates that inhibit serine hydroxymethyltransferase 2 (SHMT2), resulting in potent in vitro and in vivo antitumor efficacies. In this report, we present crystallographic structures for SHMT2 in complex with an expanded series of pyrrolo[3,2-d]pyrimidine compounds with variations in bridge length (3-5 carbons) and the side chain aromatic ring (phenyl, thiophene, fluorine-substituted phenyl, and thiophene). We evaluated structural features of the inhibitor-SHMT2 complexes and correlations to inhibitor potencies (i.e., Kis), highlighting conserved polar contacts and identifying 5-carbon bridge lengths as key determinants of inhibitor potency. Based on the analysis of SHMT2 structural data, we investigated the impact of mutation of Tyr105 in SHMT2 kinetic analysis and studies with HCT116 cells with inducible expression of wild-type and Y105F SHMT2. Increased enzyme inhibition potency by the pyrrolo[3,2-d]pyrimidine inhibitors with Phe105 SHMT2 accompanied an increased growth inhibition of Phe105-expressing HCT116 cells compared to wild-type SHMT2. Pyrrolo[3,2-d]pyrimidine inhibitors with polyglutamate modifications were evaluated for potencies against SHMT2. We determined the crystal structures of SHMT2 in complex with our lead antifolate AGF347 lacking L-glutamate, or as a diglutamate and triglutamate, for comparison with parent AGF347. These data provide the first insights into the influence of antifolate polyglutamylation on SHMT2:inhibitor interactions. Collectively, our results provide new insights into the critical structural determinants of SHMT2 binding by pyrrolo[3,2-d]pyrimidine inhibitors as novel antitumor agents, as well as the first structural characterization of human SHMT2 in complex with polyglutamates of an SHMT2-targeted antifolate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jade M Katinas
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Md Junayed Nayeen
- School of Pharmacy & Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15282, United States
| | - Mathew Schneider
- Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, Wayne State University, 4100 John R, Detroit, Michigan 48201, United States
| | - Khushbu Shah
- School of Pharmacy & Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15282, United States
| | - Alexandra N Fifer
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Lily M Klapper
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Abhishekh Sharma
- School of Pharmacy & Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15282, United States
| | - Kishore Thalluri
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | | | - Zhanjun Hou
- Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, Wayne State University, 4100 John R, Detroit, Michigan 48201, United States
| | - Aleem Gangjee
- School of Pharmacy & Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15282, United States
| | - Larry H Matherly
- Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, Wayne State University, 4100 John R, Detroit, Michigan 48201, United States
| | - Charles E Dann
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
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6
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Kozai H, Ogino H, Mitsuhashi A, Nguyen NT, Tsukazaki Y, Yabuki Y, Ozaki R, Yoneda H, Sato S, Hanibuchi M, Shinohara T, Nokihara H, Nishioka Y. Potential of fluoropyrimidine to be an immunologically optimal partner of immune checkpoint inhibitors through inducing immunogenic cell death for thoracic malignancies. Thorac Cancer 2024; 15:369-378. [PMID: 38146645 PMCID: PMC10864125 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.15200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are a revolutionary paradigm in the treatment of thoracic malignancies and chemoimmunotherapy is a current standard care in this field. Chemotherapeutic agents are known to induce not only direct cytotoxic effects on tumor cells but also immune modulating effects, such as stimulating immunogenic cell death (ICD). Currently, either pemetrexed (PEM) or taxane plus platinum are combined with ICIs for patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC); however, it is still unknown whether these agents are immunologically optimal partners for ICIs. METHODS To determine the immunologically optimal chemotherapeutic agent, we first evaluated the ability of several chemotherapeutic agents, including platinum, PEM, taxane, and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) to induce ICD using several thoracic tumor cell lines in vitro. ICD was evaluated by the cell surface expression of calreticulin (CRT) and adenosine-triphosphate (ATP) secretion. We further performed an antitumor vaccination assay in vivo. RESULTS 5-FU induced cell surface expression of CRT and ATP secretion most efficiently among the several chemotherapeutic agents. This effect was enhanced when it was combined with platinum. In the antitumor vaccination assay in vivo, we found that vaccination with dying-AB1-HA (a murine malignant mesothelioma cell line) cells treated with 5-FU, but neither PEM nor PTX, reduced the tumor growth of living-AB1-HA cells inoculated 1 week after vaccination by recruiting CD3+ CD8+ T cells into the tumor microenvironment. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that fluoropyrimidine can be an immunologically optimal partner of ICIs through the induction of ICD for thoracic malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Kozai
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and RheumatologyGraduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima UniversityTokushimaJapan
| | - Hirokazu Ogino
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and RheumatologyGraduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima UniversityTokushimaJapan
| | - Atsushi Mitsuhashi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and RheumatologyGraduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima UniversityTokushimaJapan
| | - Na Thi Nguyen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and RheumatologyGraduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima UniversityTokushimaJapan
| | - Yuki Tsukazaki
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and RheumatologyGraduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima UniversityTokushimaJapan
| | - Yohei Yabuki
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and RheumatologyGraduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima UniversityTokushimaJapan
| | - Ryohiko Ozaki
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and RheumatologyGraduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima UniversityTokushimaJapan
| | - Hiroto Yoneda
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and RheumatologyGraduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima UniversityTokushimaJapan
| | - Seidai Sato
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and RheumatologyGraduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima UniversityTokushimaJapan
| | - Masaki Hanibuchi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and RheumatologyGraduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima UniversityTokushimaJapan
- Department of Community Medicine for RespirologyHematology, and Metabolism, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima UniversityTokushimaJapan
| | - Tsutomu Shinohara
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and RheumatologyGraduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima UniversityTokushimaJapan
- Department of Community Medicine for RespirologyGraduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima UniversityTokushimaJapan
| | - Hiroshi Nokihara
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and RheumatologyGraduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima UniversityTokushimaJapan
- Respiratory Medicine, Center Hospital of the National Center for Global Health and MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Yasuhiko Nishioka
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and RheumatologyGraduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima UniversityTokushimaJapan
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7
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Chen Y, Fang H, Sun H, Wu X, Xu Y, Zhou BBS, Li H. Up-regulation of ABCG1 is associated with methotrexate resistance in acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells. Front Pharmacol 2024; 14:1331687. [PMID: 38259297 PMCID: PMC10800869 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1331687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a prevalent hematologic malignancy in children, and methotrexate (MTX) is a widely employed curative treatment. Despite its common use, clinical resistance to MTX is frequently encountered. In this study, an MTX-resistant cell line (Reh-MTXR) was established through a stepwise selection process from the ALL cell line Reh. Comparative analysis revealed that Reh-MTXR cells exhibited resistance to MTX in contrast to the parental Reh cells. RNA-seq analysis identified an upregulation of ATP-binding cassette transporter G1 (ABCG1) in Reh-MTXR cells. Knockdown of ABCG1 in Reh-MTXR cells reversed the MTX-resistant phenotype, while overexpression of ABCG1 in Reh cells conferred resistance to MTX. Mechanistically, the heightened expression of ABCG1 accelerated MTX efflux, leading to a reduced accumulation of MTX polyglutamated metabolites. Notably, the ABCG1 inhibitor benzamil effectively sensitized Reh-MTXR cells to MTX treatment. Moreover, the observed upregulation of ABCG1 in Reh-MTXR cells was not induced by alterations in DNA methylation or histone acetylation. This study provides insight into the mechanistic basis of MTX resistance in ALL and also suggests a potential therapeutic approach for MTX-resistant ALL in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Chen
- Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Ministry of Health, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Houshun Fang
- Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Ministry of Health, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huiying Sun
- Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Ministry of Health, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wu
- Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Ministry of Health, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Ministry of Health, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin-Bing S. Zhou
- Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Ministry of Health, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Fujian Children’s Hospital, Fujian Branch of Shanghai Children’s Medical Center Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, School of Basic Medicine and Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Translational Medicine Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Li
- Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Ministry of Health, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Fujian Children’s Hospital, Fujian Branch of Shanghai Children’s Medical Center Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Fuzhou, China
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8
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Ramos L, Henriksson M, Helleday T, Green AC. Targeting MTHFD2 to Exploit Cancer-Specific Metabolism and the DNA Damage Response. Cancer Res 2024; 84:9-16. [PMID: 37922465 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-23-1290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/05/2023]
Abstract
The one-carbon folate enzyme methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase/cyclohydrolase 2 (MTHFD2) is a promising therapeutic target in cancer. MTHFD2 is upregulated across numerous cancer types, promotes growth and metastasis of cancer, and correlates with poorer survival. Recent studies have developed small-molecule inhibitors to the isozymes MTHFD2 and MTHFD1 that show promise as anticancer agents through different mechanisms. This review discusses the current understanding of the function of MTHFD2 in cancer and the status of inhibitors for treating MTHFD2-overexpressing cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Ramos
- Weston Park Cancer Centre and Division of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine and Population Health, Faculty of Health, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Vancouver Prostate Centre and Department of Experimental Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Martin Henriksson
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Thomas Helleday
- Weston Park Cancer Centre and Division of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine and Population Health, Faculty of Health, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Alanna C Green
- Weston Park Cancer Centre and Division of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine and Population Health, Faculty of Health, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, University of Sheffield Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
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9
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Guo YY, Zhang JY, Sun JF, Nie P, Gao H. Synthesis and application of small molecules approved for the treatment of lymphoma. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 261:115835. [PMID: 37801827 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
Lymphoma is a form of cancer that impacts the lymphatic system, which plays a crucial role in defending the body against infections and illnesses. It is characterized by the atypical proliferation of lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell, which can form tumors in the lymph nodes, bone marrow, spleen, etc. Lymphoma is usually treated using a combination of targeted therapy, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in the development of new drugs to treat lymphoma, which has led to the discovery of several promising compounds. The primary targets for lymphoma treatment have been identified as Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK), phosphoinositide3-kinase (PI3K), histone deacetylase (HDAC), and DNA polymerase (POLA). This review aims to provide an overview of the clinical applications and synthesis of several notable drugs approved to treat lymphoma, to expedite the exploration of more potent novel medications for the management of lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yuan Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Precision Clinical Pharmacy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Jing-Yi Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou Normal University, 450044, China.
| | - Jin-Feng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Yanbian University, College of Pharmacy, Yanji, Jilin, 133002, China.
| | - Peng Nie
- Medicinal Chemistry, Rega Institute of Medical Research, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Hua Gao
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
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10
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Kanoujia J, Das A, Raina N, Kaur G, Singh SK, Tuli HS, Garg A, Gupta M. Recent advances in BCRP-induced breast cancer resistance treatment with marine-based natural products. IUBMB Life 2023; 75:896-910. [PMID: 37439402 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the prominent cause of cancer-related death in women globally in terms of incidence and mortality. Despite, recent advances in the management of breast cancer, there are still a lot of cases of resistance to medicines, which is currently one of the biggest problems faced by researchers across the globe. Out of several mechanisms, breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) arbitrated drug resistance is a major concern. Hormonal, cytotoxic and immunotherapeutic drugs are used in the systemic therapy of breast cancer. It is vital to choose drugs based on the clinical and molecular attributes of the tumor to provide better treatment with greater efficacy and minimal harm. Given the aforementioned necessity, the use of marine flora in treating breast cancer cannot be neglected. The scientists also stressed the value of marine-derived goods in avoiding breast cancer resistance. Future research into the identification of anticancer drugs will heavily draw upon the marine environment's ample supply of marine-derived natural products (MNPs), which have a wide range of biological functions. Cell cycle arrest, induction of apoptosis and anti-angiogenic, anti-proliferative and anti-metastasis actions are all part of their processes. The overview of breast cancer, the mechanisms underlying its resistance, recent clinical trials based on marine-derived products in breast cancer and the use of marine products in the treatment of breast cancer are highlighted in this paper. Moreover, the authors also emphasised the importance of marine-derived products in preventing breast cancer resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jovita Kanoujia
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University Madhya Pradesh (AUMP), Gwalior, India
| | - Anjali Das
- Center of Ocean Research, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India
| | - Neha Raina
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi, India
| | - Ginpreet Kaur
- Department of Pharmacology, Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, Mumbai, India
| | | | - Hardeep S Tuli
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala, India
| | - Ashish Garg
- Department of P.G. Studies and Research in Chemistry and Pharmacy, Rani Durgavati University Jabalpur, Jabalpur, India
| | - Madhu Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi, India
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11
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Bhattacharya D, Mukhopadhyay M, Shivam K, Tripathy S, Patra R, Pramanik A. Recent developments in photodynamic therapy and its application against multidrug resistant cancers. Biomed Mater 2023; 18:062005. [PMID: 37827172 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ad02d4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Recently, photodynamic therapy (PDT) has received a lot of attention for its potential use in cancer treatment. It enables the therapy of a multifocal disease with the least amount of tissue damage. The most widely used prodrug is 5-aminolevulinic acid, which undergoes heme pathway conversion to protoporphyrin IX, which acts as a photosensitizer (PS). Additionally, hematoporphyrin, bacteriochlorin, and phthalocyanine are also studied for their therapeutic potential in cancer. Unfortunately, not every patient who receives PDT experiences a full recovery. Resistance to different anticancer treatments is commonly observed. A few of the resistance mechanisms by which cancer cells escape therapeutics are genetic factors, drug-drug interactions, impaired DNA repair pathways, mutations related to inhibition of apoptosis, epigenetic pathways, etc. Recently, much research has been conducted to develop a new generation of PS based on nanomaterials that could be used to overcome cancer cells' multidrug resistance (MDR). Various metal-based, polymeric, lipidic nanoparticles (NPs), dendrimers, etc, have been utilized in the PDT application against cancer. This article discusses the detailed mechanism by which cancer cells evolve towards MDR as well as recent advances in PDT-based NPs for use against multidrug-resistant cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debalina Bhattacharya
- Department of Microbiology, Maulana Azad College, Kolkata, West Bengal 700013, India
| | - Mainak Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Biotechnology, JIS University, Kolkata, West Bengal 700109, India
| | - Kumar Shivam
- Amity Institute of Click Chemistry Research & Studies, Amity University, Noida 201301, India
| | - Satyajit Tripathy
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Free State, Bloemfontein, Free State, 9301, South Africa
- Amity Institute of Allied Health Science, Amity University, Noida 201301, India
| | - Ranjan Patra
- Amity Institute of Click Chemistry Research & Studies, Amity University, Noida 201301, India
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Arindam Pramanik
- School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS9 7TF, United Kingdom
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida 201301, India
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12
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Kang Y. Landscape of NcRNAs involved in drug resistance of breast cancer. Clin Transl Oncol 2023; 25:1869-1892. [PMID: 37067729 PMCID: PMC10250522 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-023-03189-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) leads to the most amounts of deaths among women. Chemo-, endocrine-, and targeted therapies are the mainstay drug treatments for BC in the clinic. However, drug resistance is a major obstacle for BC patients, and it leads to poor prognosis. Accumulating evidences suggested that noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) are intricately linked to a wide range of pathological processes, including drug resistance. Till date, the correlation between drug resistance and ncRNAs is not completely understood in BC. Herein, we comprehensively summarized a dysregulated ncRNAs landscape that promotes or inhibits drug resistance in chemo-, endocrine-, and targeted BC therapies. Our review will pave way for the effective management of drug resistance by targeting oncogenic ncRNAs, which, in turn will promote drug sensitivity of BC in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujuan Kang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, China.
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13
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Guijarro MV, Kellish PC, Dib PE, Paciaroni NG, Nawab A, Andring J, Kulemina L, Borrero NV, Modenutti C, Feely M, Nasri E, Seifert RP, Luo X, Bennett RL, Shabashvili D, Licht JD, McKenna R, Roitberg A, Huigens RW, Kaye FJ, Zajac-Kaye M. First-in-class multifunctional TYMS nonclassical antifolate inhibitor with potent in vivo activity that prolongs survival. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e158798. [PMID: 37097751 PMCID: PMC10386886 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.158798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Although thymidylate synthase (TYMS) inhibitors have served as components of chemotherapy regimens, the currently available inhibitors induce TYMS overexpression or alter folate transport/metabolism feedback pathways that tumor cells exploit for drug resistance, limiting overall benefit. Here we report a small molecule TYMS inhibitor that i) exhibited enhanced antitumor activity as compared with current fluoropyrimidines and antifolates without inducing TYMS overexpression, ii) is structurally distinct from classical antifolates, iii) extended survival in both pancreatic xenograft tumor models and an hTS/Ink4a/Arf null genetically engineered mouse tumor model, and iv) is well tolerated with equal efficacy using either intraperitoneal or oral administration. Mechanistically, we verify the compound is a multifunctional nonclassical antifolate, and using a series of analogs, we identify structural features allowing direct TYMS inhibition while maintaining the ability to inhibit dihydrofolate reductase. Collectively, this work identifies nonclassical antifolate inhibitors that optimize inhibition of thymidylate biosynthesis with a favorable safety profile, highlighting the potential for enhanced cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jacob Andring
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | | | | | - Carlos Modenutti
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Buenos Aires, and
- Institute of Biological Chemistry of the Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences (IQUIBICEN) CONICET, University City, Pab. II (CE1428EHA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Michael Feely
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Elham Nasri
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Robert P. Seifert
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | | | - Richard L. Bennett
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida Health Cancer Center, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | | | - Jonathan D. Licht
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida Health Cancer Center, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Robert McKenna
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Adrian Roitberg
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | | | - Frederic J. Kaye
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida Health Cancer Center, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Maria Zajac-Kaye
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida Health Cancer Center, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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14
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Arslan M. Whole-genome sequencing and genomic analysis of Norduz goat (Capra hircus). Mamm Genome 2023:10.1007/s00335-023-09990-3. [PMID: 37004528 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-023-09990-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
Artificial and natural selective breeding of goats has resulted in many different goat breeds all around the world. Norduz goat is one of these breeds, and it is a local goat breed of Turkey. The goats are favorable due to pre-weaning viability and reproduction values compared to the regional breeds. Development in sequencing technologies has let to understand huge genomic structures and complex phenotypes. Until now, such a comprehensive study has not been carried out to understand the genomic structure of the Norduz goats, yet. In the study, the next-generation sequencing was carried out to understand the genomic structure of Norduz goat. Real-time PCR was used to evaluate prominent CNVs in the Norduz goat individuals. Whole genome of the goat was constructed with an average of 33.1X coverage level. In the stringent filtering condition, 9,757,980 SNPs, 1,536,715 InDels, and 290 CNVs were detected in the Norduz goat genome. Functional analysis of high-impact SNP variations showed that the classical complement activation biological process was affected significantly in the goat. CNVs in the goat genome were found in genes related to defense against viruses, immune response, and cell membrane transporters. It was shown that GBP2, GBP5, and mammalian ortholog GBP1, which are INF-stimulated GTPases, were found to be high copy numbers in the goats. To conclude, genetic variations mainly in immunological response processes suggest that Norduz goat is an immunologically improved goat breed and natural selection could take an important role in the genetical improvements of the goats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mevlüt Arslan
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Van Yüzüncü Yıl University, Tuşba, 65080, Van, Turkey.
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15
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Ye J, Wu J, Liu B. Therapeutic strategies of dual-target small molecules to overcome drug resistance in cancer therapy. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:188866. [PMID: 36842765 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.188866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
Despite some advances in targeted therapeutics of human cancers, curative cancer treatment still remains a tremendous challenge due to the occurrence of drug resistance. A variety of underlying resistance mechanisms to targeted cancer drugs have recently revealed that the dual-target therapeutic strategy would be an attractive avenue. Compared to drug combination strategies, one agent simultaneously modulating two druggable targets generally shows fewer adverse reactions and lower toxicity. As a consequence, the dual-target small molecule has been extensively explored to overcome drug resistance in cancer therapy. Thus, in this review, we focus on summarizing drug resistance mechanisms of cancer cells, such as enhanced drug efflux, deregulated cell death, DNA damage repair, and epigenetic alterations. Based upon the resistance mechanisms, we further discuss the current therapeutic strategies of dual-target small molecules to overcome drug resistance, which will shed new light on exploiting more intricate mechanisms and relevant dual-target drugs for future cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center and Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Junhao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center and Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Bo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center and Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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16
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Liu G, Wang Y, Lian B, Ma Z, Xiang X, Wu J, Luo C, Ma D, Chen Y, Yu C, Zhong F, Wei H, Zhang J. Molecular responses to salinity stress in Salix matsudana (Koidz) females and males. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1122197. [PMID: 36778681 PMCID: PMC9911873 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1122197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Sexual dimorphism has commonly been found in many species. The phenotypes of Salix matsudana females and males are different under salinity stress. An F1 population was selected to compare the differences between males and females. As a result, males showed stronger roots and heavier dry weights than females. The unique molecular mechanisms of males and females under salinity stress were further analyzed based on the root transcriptome of males and females. Both males and females up-regulated systemic acquired resistance genes, such as ADH and oxygenase-related genes, to resist salt. Moreover, many other abiotic stress response genes were up-regulated in males to adjust to salinity stress, while females showed more down-regulation of nitrogen metabolism-related genes to decrease the harm from salinity stress. The research on salinity tolerance in Salix matsudana males and females would help to further understand sexual dimorphism under selection pressure and provide benefits to the ecological environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoyuan Liu
- School of Life Science, Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Key Lab of Landscape Plant Genetics and Breeding, Nantong, China
| | - Yuqing Wang
- School of Life Science, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Bolin Lian
- School of Life Science, Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Key Lab of Landscape Plant Genetics and Breeding, Nantong, China
| | - Ziqi Ma
- School of Life Science, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xiaoting Xiang
- School of Life Science, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jing Wu
- School of Life Science, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Chunying Luo
- School of Life Science, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Duojin Ma
- School of Life Science, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yanhong Chen
- School of Life Science, Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Key Lab of Landscape Plant Genetics and Breeding, Nantong, China
| | - Chunmei Yu
- School of Life Science, Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Key Lab of Landscape Plant Genetics and Breeding, Nantong, China
| | - Fei Zhong
- School of Life Science, Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Key Lab of Landscape Plant Genetics and Breeding, Nantong, China
| | - Hui Wei
- School of Life Science, Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Key Lab of Landscape Plant Genetics and Breeding, Nantong, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- School of Life Science, Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Key Lab of Landscape Plant Genetics and Breeding, Nantong, China
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17
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Eptaminitaki GC, Stellas D, Bonavida B, Baritaki S. Long Non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) signaling in Cancer Chemoresistance: From Prediction to Druggability. Drug Resist Updat 2022; 65:100866. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2022.100866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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18
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Zhang L, Zhou C, Zhang S, Chen X, Liu J, Xu F, Liang W. Chemotherapy reinforces anti-tumor immune response and enhances clinical efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors. Front Oncol 2022; 12:939249. [PMID: 36003765 PMCID: PMC9393416 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.939249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
New evidence suggests that the clinical success of chemotherapy is not merely due to tumor cell toxicity but also arises from the restoration of immunosurveillance, which has been immensely neglected in previous preclinical and clinical researches. There is an urgent need for novel insights into molecular mechanisms and regimens that uplift the efficacy of immunotherapy since only a minority of cancer patients are responsive to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Recent findings on combination therapy of chemotherapy and ICIs have shown promising results. This strategy increases tumor recognition and elimination by the host immune system while reducing immunosuppression by the tumor microenvironment. Currently, several preclinical studies are investigating molecular mechanisms that give rise to the immunomodulation by chemotherapeutic agents and exploit them in combination therapy with ICIs in order to achieve a synergistic clinical activity. In this review, we summarize studies that exhibit the capacity of conventional chemotherapeutics to elicit anti-tumor immune responses, thereby facilitating anti-tumor activities of the ICIs. In conclusion, combining chemotherapeutics with ICIs appears to be a promising approach for improving cancer treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shaoxing People’s Hospital, Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Shaoxing, China
| | - Chao Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhoushan Guanghua Hospital, Zhoushan, China
| | - Songou Zhang
- College of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China
| | - Xiaozhen Chen
- College of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shanghai Oriental Hepatobiliary Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Fangming Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhoushan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhoushan, China
| | - Wenqing Liang
- Medical Research Center, Zhoushan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhoushan, China
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19
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Jin X, Li L, Peng Q, Gan C, Gao L, He S, Tan S, Pu W, Liu Y, Gong Y, Yao Y, Wang G, Liu X, Gong M, Lei P, Zhang H, Qi S, Xu H, Hu H, Dong B, Peng Y, Su D, Dai L. Glycyrrhetinic acid restricts mitochondrial energy metabolism by targeting SHMT2. iScience 2022; 25:104349. [PMID: 35602963 PMCID: PMC9117551 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) is a natural product of licorice with mitochondria targeting properties and shows broad anticancer activities, but its targets and underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we identified the mitochondrial enzyme serine hydroxymethyltransferase 2 (SHMT2) as a target of GA by using chemical proteomics. Binding to and inhibiting the activity of SHMT2 by GA were validated in vitro and in vivo. Knockout of SHMT2 or inhibiting SHMT2 with GA restricts mitochondrial energy supplies by downregulating mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and fatty acid β-oxidation, and consequently suppresses cancer cell proliferation and tumor growth. Crystal structures of GA derivatives indicate that GA occupies SHMT2 folate-binding pocket and regulates SHMT2 activity. Modifications at GA carboxylic group with diamines significantly improved its anticancer potency, demonstrating GA as a decent structural template for SHMT2 inhibitor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuxiu Jin
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics and Department of General Practice, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Henan Eye Hospital, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, China
| | - Li Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics and Department of General Practice, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qinlu Peng
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics and Department of General Practice, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Chunmei Gan
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics and Department of General Practice, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Li Gao
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics and Department of General Practice, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Siyu He
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics and Department of General Practice, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Shuangyan Tan
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics and Department of General Practice, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Wenchen Pu
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics and Department of General Practice, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yu Liu
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics and Department of General Practice, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yanqiu Gong
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics and Department of General Practice, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yuqin Yao
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Gang Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, China
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Meng Gong
- Laboratory of Clinical Proteomics and Metabolomics, Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 88 Keyuan South Road, Hi-Tech Zone, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Peng Lei
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics and Department of General Practice, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Huiyuan Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics and Department of General Practice, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Shiqian Qi
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics and Department of General Practice, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Heng Xu
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics and Department of General Practice, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hongbo Hu
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics and Department of General Practice, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Biao Dong
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics and Department of General Practice, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yong Peng
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics and Department of General Practice, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Dan Su
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics and Department of General Practice, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lunzhi Dai
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics and Department of General Practice, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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20
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Zhang F, Wang D, Li J, Su Y, Liu S, Lei QY, Yin M. Deacetylation of MTHFD2 by SIRT4 senses stress signal to inhibit cancer cell growth by remodeling folate metabolism. J Mol Cell Biol 2022; 14:6555451. [PMID: 35349697 PMCID: PMC9335224 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjac020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Folate metabolism plays an essential role in tumor development. Various cancers display therapeutic response to reagents targeting key enzymes of the folate cycle, but obtain chemoresistance later. Therefore, novel targets in folate metabolism are highly demanded. Methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase/methylenetetrahydrofolate cyclohydrolase 2 (MTHFD2) is one of the key enzymes in folate metabolism and its expression is highly increased in multiple human cancers. However, the underlying mechanism that regulates MTHFD2 expression remains unknown. Here, we elucidate that SIRT4 deacetylates the conserved lysine 50 (K50) residue in MTHFD2. K50 deacetylation destabilizes MTHFD2 by elevating cullin 3 E3 ligase-mediated proteasomal degradation in response to stressful stimuli of folate deprivation, leading to suppression of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate production in tumor cells and accumulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species, which in turn inhibits the growth of breast cancer cells. Collectively, our study reveals that SIRT4 senses folate availability to control MTHFD2 K50 acetylation and its protein stability, bridging nutrient/folate stress and cellular redox to act on cancer cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhang
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences & School of Basic Medical Sciences; Cancer Institutes; Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology; The Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Di Wang
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences & School of Basic Medical Sciences; Cancer Institutes; Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology; The Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jintao Li
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences & School of Basic Medical Sciences; Cancer Institutes; Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology; The Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ying Su
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences & School of Basic Medical Sciences; Cancer Institutes; Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology; The Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Suling Liu
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences & School of Basic Medical Sciences; Cancer Institutes; Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology; The Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qun-Ying Lei
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences & School of Basic Medical Sciences; Cancer Institutes; Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology; The Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Miao Yin
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences & School of Basic Medical Sciences; Cancer Institutes; Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology; The Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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21
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Exploration of novel phthalazinone derivatives as potential efflux transporter inhibitors for reversing multidrug resistance and improving the oral absorption of paclitaxel. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 233:114231. [PMID: 35247755 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Chemotherapy is an important means of cancer treatment. However, overexpression of efflux transporters (including but not limited to P-gp and BCRP) can lead to resistance to cancer chemotherapy. Multiple-target inhibitors of efflux transporter can be overcome the resistance and improve the oral bioavailability of chemotherapy drugs. Therefore, we designed and synthesized a series of phthalazinone ring derivatives (1-20) with different aromatic heterocycles substituents on the amide bond for dual inhibition of P-gp and BCRP. Most target compounds significantly increased the accumulation of P-gp substrates in the chemo-resistant cancer cell lines by inhibiting the efflux of transporters. Compound 19 in particular showed stronger MDR reversal compared to Gefitinib and Verapamil, and comparable to that of the BCRP inhibitor Ko143. In addition, compound 19 improved intestinal absorption of paclitaxel (PTX) and enhanced the bioavailability of the orally administered drug in vivo.
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22
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Do HQ, Jansen M. Cell-Free Expression of Proton-Coupled Folate Transporter in the Presence of Nanodiscs. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2507:425-444. [PMID: 35773596 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2368-8_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Proton coupled folate transporter (PCFT) is an integral membrane protein with 12 transmembrane segments localized to the plasma membrane. PCFT is the main route by which folate, vitamin B9, from dietary sources enters mammalian cells in the small intestine. Loss-of-function mutations in this membrane transport protein cause hereditary folate malabsorption, and upregulation of PCFT has been reported in cancer cells. Currently, a complete translocation mechanism of folate via PCFT is still missing. To reveal this mechanism via studies of structural architecture and structure-function relationships, soluble and stable PCFT in a phospholipid bilayer environment is needed. We therefore develop an approach to screen lipid environments in which PCFT is most soluble. Traditional in vitro expression and reconstitution into lipid bilayers of integral membrane proteins requires separate steps, which are costly and time-consuming. In this chapter, we describe a protocol for in vitro translation of PCFT into preformed lipid nanodiscs using a cell-free expression system, which helps to accelerate and reduce the cost of the sample preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoa Quynh Do
- Department of Cell Physiology and Molecular Biophysics and Center for Membrane Protein Research, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Michaela Jansen
- Department of Cell Physiology and Molecular Biophysics and Center for Membrane Protein Research, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA.
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23
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Cooper I, Schnaider-Beeri M, Fridkin M, Shechter Y. Albumin-Methotrexate Prodrug Analogues That Undergo Intracellular Reactivation Following Entrance into Cancerous Glioma Cells. Pharmaceutics 2021; 14:71. [PMID: 35056966 PMCID: PMC8778984 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14010071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A family of monomodified bovine serum albumin (BSA) linked to methotrexate (MTX) through a variety of spacers was prepared. All analogues were found to be prodrugs having low MTX-inhibitory potencies toward dihydrofolate reductase in a cell-free system. The optimal conjugates regenerated their antiproliferative efficacies following entrance into cancerous glioma cell lines and were significantly superior to MTX in an insensitive glioma cell line. A BSA-MTX conjugate linked through a simple ethylene chain spacer, containing a single peptide bond located 8.7 Å distal to the protein back bone, and apart from the covalently linked MTX by about 12 Å, was most effective. The inclusion of an additional disulfide bond in the spacer neither enhanced nor reduced the killing potency of this analogue. Disrupting the native structure of the carrier protein in the conjugates significantly reduced their antiproliferative activity. In conclusion, we have engineered BSA-MTX prodrug analogues which undergo intracellular reactivation and facilitate antiproliferative activities following their entrance into glioma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itzik Cooper
- The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan 52621, Israel;
- School of Psychology, Reichman University, Herzliya 4610101, Israel
- The Nehemia Rubin Excellence in Biomedical Research—The TELEM Program, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan 52621, Israel
| | - Michal Schnaider-Beeri
- The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan 52621, Israel;
- School of Psychology, Reichman University, Herzliya 4610101, Israel
- Department of Psychiatry, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Mati Fridkin
- Department of Organic Chemistry, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel;
| | - Yoram Shechter
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel;
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24
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Passirani C, Vessières A, La Regina G, Link W, Silvestri R. Modulating undruggable targets to overcome cancer therapy resistance. Drug Resist Updat 2021; 60:100788. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2021.100788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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25
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Spizzichino S, Boi D, Boumis G, Lucchi R, Liberati FR, Capelli D, Montanari R, Pochetti G, Piacentini R, Parisi G, Paone A, Rinaldo S, Contestabile R, Tramonti A, Paiardini A, Giardina G, Cutruzzolà F. Cytosolic localization and in vitro assembly of human de novo thymidylate synthesis complex. FEBS J 2021; 289:1625-1649. [PMID: 34694685 PMCID: PMC9299187 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
De novo thymidylate synthesis is a crucial pathway for normal and cancer cells. Deoxythymidine monophosphate (dTMP) is synthesized by the combined action of three enzymes: serine hydroxymethyltransferase (SHMT1), dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) and thymidylate synthase (TYMS), with the latter two being targets of widely used chemotherapeutics such as antifolates and 5‐fluorouracil. These proteins translocate to the nucleus after SUMOylation and are suggested to assemble in this compartment into the thymidylate synthesis complex. We report the intracellular dynamics of the complex in cancer cells by an in situ proximity ligation assay, showing that it is also detected in the cytoplasm. This result indicates that the role of the thymidylate synthesis complex assembly may go beyond dTMP synthesis. We have successfully assembled the dTMP synthesis complex in vitro, employing tetrameric SHMT1 and a bifunctional chimeric enzyme comprising human thymidylate synthase and dihydrofolate reductase. We show that the SHMT1 tetrameric state is required for efficient complex assembly, indicating that this aggregation state is evolutionarily selected in eukaryotes to optimize protein–protein interactions. Lastly, our results regarding the activity of the complete thymidylate cycle in vitro may provide a useful tool with respect to developing drugs targeting the entire complex instead of the individual components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Spizzichino
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Dalila Boi
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanna Boumis
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Lucchi
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Davide Capelli
- Istituto di Cristallografia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Montanari
- Istituto di Cristallografia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgio Pochetti
- Istituto di Cristallografia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Piacentini
- Center for Life Nano & Neuro-Science, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Rome, Italy
| | - Giacomo Parisi
- Center for Life Nano & Neuro-Science, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Rome, Italy
| | - Alessio Paone
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Serena Rinaldo
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Angela Tramonti
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Giorgio Giardina
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Cutruzzolà
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
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26
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Sato Y, Tomita M, Soga T, Ochiai A, Makinoshima H. Upregulation of Thymidylate Synthase Induces Pemetrexed Resistance in Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:718675. [PMID: 34646134 PMCID: PMC8504579 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.718675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is an invasive malignancy that develops in the pleural cavity, and antifolates are used as chemotherapeutics for treating. The majority of antifolates, including pemetrexed (PMX), inhibit enzymes involved in purine and pyrimidine synthesis. MPM patients frequently develop drug resistance in clinical practice, however the associated drug-resistance mechanism is not well understood. This study was aimed to elucidate the mechanism underlying resistance to PMX in MPM cell lines. We found that among the differentially expressed genes associated with drug resistance (determined by RNA sequencing), TYMS expression was higher in the established resistant cell lines than in the parental cell lines. Knocking down TYMS expression significantly reduced drug resistance in the resistant cell lines. Conversely, TYMS overexpression significantly increased drug resistance in the parental cells. Metabolomics analysis revealed that the levels of dTMP were higher in the resistant cell lines than in the parental cell lines; however, resistant cells showed no changes in dTTP levels after PMX treatment. We found that the nucleic acid-biosynthetic pathway is important for predicting the efficacy of PMX in MPM cells. The results of chromatin immunoprecipitation-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (ChIP-qPCR) assays suggested that H3K27 acetylation in the 5′-UTR of TYMS may promote its expression in drug-resistant cells. Our findings indicate that the intracellular levels of dTMP are potential biomarkers for the effective treatment of patients with MPM and suggest the importance of regulatory mechanisms of TYMS expression in the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzo Sato
- Tsuruoka Metabolomics Laboratory, National Cancer Center, Tsuruoka, Japan.,Shonai Regional Industry Promotion Center, Tsuruoka, Japan.,Systems Biology Program, Graduate School of Media and Governance, Keio University, Fujisawa, Japan.,Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Japan
| | - Masaru Tomita
- Systems Biology Program, Graduate School of Media and Governance, Keio University, Fujisawa, Japan.,Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Japan
| | - Tomoyoshi Soga
- Systems Biology Program, Graduate School of Media and Governance, Keio University, Fujisawa, Japan.,Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Japan
| | - Atsushi Ochiai
- Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Hideki Makinoshima
- Tsuruoka Metabolomics Laboratory, National Cancer Center, Tsuruoka, Japan.,Division of Translational Information, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Japan
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27
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Piglet Gut and in-Barn Manure from Farms on a Raised without Antibiotics Program Display Reduced Antimicrobial Resistance but an Increased Prevalence of Pathogens. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10101152. [PMID: 34680733 PMCID: PMC8532630 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10101152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In response to new stringent regulations in Canada regarding the use of antibiotics in animal production, many farms have implemented practices to produce animals that are raised without antibiotics (RWA) from birth to slaughter. This study aims to assess the impact of RWA production practices on reducing the actual total on-farm use of antibiotics, the occurrence of pathogens, and the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). A 28-month longitudinal surveillance of farms that adopted the RWA program and conventional farms using antibiotics in accordance with the new regulations (non-RWA) was conducted by collecting fecal samples from 6-week-old pigs and composite manure from the barn over six time points and applying whole-genome sequencing (WGS) to assess the prevalence of AMR genes as well as the abundance of pathogens. Analysis of in-barn drug use records confirmed the decreased consumption of antibiotics in RWA barns compared to non-RWA barns. WGS analyses revealed that RWA barns had reduced the frequency of AMR genes in piglet feces and in-barn manure. However, metagenomic analyses showed that RWA barns had a significant increase in the frequency of pathogenic Firmicutes in fecal samples and pathogenic Proteobacteria in barn manure samples.
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28
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Su Z, Dong S, Zhao SC, Liu K, Tan Y, Jiang X, Assaraf YG, Qin B, Chen ZS, Zou C. Novel nanomedicines to overcome cancer multidrug resistance. Drug Resist Updat 2021; 58:100777. [PMID: 34481195 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2021.100777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Chemotherapy remains a powerful tool to eliminate malignant cells. However, the efficacy of chemotherapy is compromised by the frequent emergence of intrinsic and acquired multidrug resistance (MDR). These chemoresistance modalities are based on a multiplicity of molecular mechanisms of drug resistance, including : 1) Impaired drug uptake into cancer cells; 2) Increased expression of ATP-binding cassette efflux transporters; 3) Loss of function of pro-apoptotic factors; 4) Enhanced DNA repair capacity; 5) Qualitative or quantitative alterations of specific cellular targets; 6) Alterations that allow cancer cells to tolerate adverse or stressful conditions; 7) Increased biotransformation or metabolism of anticancer drugs to less active or completely inactive metabolites; and 8) Intracellular and intercellular drug sequestration in well-defined organelles away from the cellular target. Hence, one of the major aims of cancer research is to develop novel strategies to overcome cancer drug resistance. Over the last decades, nanomedicine, which focuses on targeted delivery of therapeutic drugs into tumor tissues using nano-sized formulations, has emerged as a promising tool for cancer treatment. Therefore, nanomedicine has been introduced as a reliable approach to improve treatment efficacy and minimize detrimental adverse effects as well as overcome cancer drug resistance. With rationally designed strategies including passively targeted delivery, actively targeted delivery, delivery of multidrug combinations, as well as multimodal combination therapy, nanomedicine paves the way towards efficacious cancer treatment and hold great promise in overcoming cancer drug resistance. Herein, we review the recent progress of nanomaterials used in medicine, including liposomal nanoparticles, polymeric nanoparticles, inorganic nanoparticles and hybrid nanoparticles, to surmount cancer multidrug resistance. Finally, the future perspectives of the application of nanomedicine to reverse cancer drug resistance will be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenwei Su
- Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518001, Guangdong, PR China; Shenzhen Public Service Platform on Tumor Precision Medicine and Molecular Diagnosis, Shenzhen, 518001, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Shaowei Dong
- Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518001, Guangdong, PR China; Shenzhen Public Service Platform on Tumor Precision Medicine and Molecular Diagnosis, Shenzhen, 518001, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Shan-Chao Zhao
- Department of Urology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University; Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Kaisheng Liu
- Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518001, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Yao Tan
- Shenzhen Aier Eye Hospital, Jinan University, No. 2048, Huaqiang South Road, Futian District, Shenzhen, 518032, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Xingyu Jiang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, No. 1088 Xueyuan Rd, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Yehuda G Assaraf
- The Fred Wyszkowski Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Bo Qin
- Shenzhen Aier Eye Hospital, Jinan University, No. 2048, Huaqiang South Road, Futian District, Shenzhen, 518032, Guangdong, PR China.
| | - Zhe-Sheng Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute for Biotechnology, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, 11439, New York, USA.
| | - Chang Zou
- Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518001, Guangdong, PR China; Shenzhen Public Service Platform on Tumor Precision Medicine and Molecular Diagnosis, Shenzhen, 518001, Guangdong, PR China.
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29
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Chen Y, Xiang H, Zhuang S, Shen Y, Chen Y, Zhang J. Oxygen-Independent Photocleavage of Radical Nanogenerator for Near-IR-Gated and H 2 O-Mediated Free-Radical Nanotherapy. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2100129. [PMID: 34302402 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202100129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The oxygen-dependent nature and limited penetration capacity of visible light render the low efficiency of photodynamic therapy in hypoxic and deep-seated tumors. Therefore, the development of oxygen-free photoactivated chemotherapy (PACT) to generate cytotoxic reactive oxygen species by near-IR (NIR) light-cleavable photocages is in high demand. Here, an oxygen-irrelevant PACT strategy based on NIR light-triggered hydroxyl radicals (•OH) generation is developed for free-radical nanotherapy. Blebbistatin-loaded upconversion of mesoporous silica nanoparticles (UCSNs-B) is established to facilitate the high loading efficiency of blebbistatin and implement the efficient transformation of NIR light into blue light for unprecedented direct photorelease of oxygen-independent •OH. Under NIR laser irradiation, UCSNs-B converted NIR light into blue light, thus enabling the photocleavage of blebbistatin to induce the burst of •OH. The •OH burst under NIR laser irradiation further induces cancer cell apoptosis and significant suppression of hypoxic tumors. In addition, the gadolinium ion (Gd3+ )-doped UCSNs-B are used as contrast agents in magnetic resonance imaging to facilitate real-time monitoring of the therapeutic processes. This study effectively demonstrates that the UCSNs-B act as NIR light-triggered photocages to facilitate oxygen-irrelevant •OH bursts, thus providing insights into the development of efficient PACT nanoagents for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Chen
- Department of Radiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, P. R. China
- Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
| | - Huijing Xiang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, Materdicine Lab, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
| | - Shangwen Zhuang
- Department of Radiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, P. R. China
| | - Yujia Shen
- Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
| | - Yu Chen
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, Materdicine Lab, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, P. R. China
- Institute of Functional and Molecular Medical Imaging, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, P. R. China
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30
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Gupta PL, Smith JS, Roitberg AE. pH Effects and Cooperativity among Key Titratable Residues for Escherichia coli Glycinamide Ribonucleotide Transformylase. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:9168-9185. [PMID: 34351775 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c04668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Human glycinamide ribonucleotide transformylase (GAR Tfase) is a regulatory enzyme in the de novo purine biosynthesis pathway that has been extensively studied as an anticancer target. To some extent, inhibition of GAR Tfase selectively targets cancer cells over normal cells and inhibits purine formation and DNA replication. In this study, we investigated E. coli GAR Tfase, which shares high sequence similarity with the human GAR Tfase, and most functional residues are conserved. Herein, we aim to predict the pH-activity curve through a computational approach. We carried out pH-replica exchange molecular dynamics (pH-REMD) simulations to investigate pH-dependent functions such as structural changes, ligand binding, and catalytic activity. To compute the pH-activity curve, we identified the catalytic residues in specific protonation states, referred to as the catalytic competent protonation states (CCPS), which maintain the structure, keep ligands bound, and facilitate catalysis. Our computed population of CCPS with respect to pH matches well with the experimental pH-activity curve. To compute the microscopic pKa values in the catalytically active conformation, we devised a thermodynamic model that considers the coupling between protonation states of CCPS residues and conformational states. These results allow us to correctly identify the general acid and base catalysts and interpret the pH-activity curve at an atomistic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pancham Lal Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | - Justin S Smith
- Center for Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Adrian E Roitberg
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
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31
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Oiwa K, Hosono N, Nishi R, Scotto L, O'Connor OA, Yamauchi T. Characterization of newly established Pralatrexate-resistant cell lines and the mechanisms of resistance. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:879. [PMID: 34332580 PMCID: PMC8325835 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-08607-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pralatrexate (PDX) is a novel antifolate approved for the treatment of patients with relapsed/refractory peripheral T-cell lymphoma, but some patients exhibit intrinsic resistance or develop acquired resistance. Here, we evaluated the mechanisms underlying acquired resistance to PDX and explored potential therapeutic strategies to overcome PDX resistance. Methods To investigate PDX resistance, we established two PDX-resistant T-lymphoblastic leukemia cell lines (CEM and MOLT4) through continuous exposure to increasing doses of PDX. The resistance mechanisms were evaluated by measuring PDX uptake, apoptosis induction and folate metabolism-related protein expression. We also applied gene expression analysis and methylation profiling to identify the mechanisms of resistance. We then explored rational drug combinations using a spheroid (3D)-culture assay. Results Compared with their parental cells, PDX-resistant cells exhibited a 30-fold increase in half-maximal inhibitory concentration values. Induction of apoptosis by PDX was significantly decreased in both PDX-resistant cell lines. Intracellular uptake of [14C]-PDX decreased in PDX-resistant CEM cells but not in PDX-resistant MOLT4 cells. There was no significant change in expression of dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) or folylpolyglutamate synthetase (FPGS). Gene expression array analysis revealed that DNA-methyltransferase 3β (DNMT3B) expression was significantly elevated in both cell lines. Gene set enrichment analysis revealed that adipogenesis and mTORC1 signaling pathways were commonly upregulated in both resistant cell lines. Moreover, CpG island hypermethylation was observed in both PDX resistant cells lines. In the 3D-culture assay, decitabine (DAC) plus PDX showed synergistic effects in PDX-resistant cell lines compared with parental lines. Conclusions The resistance mechanisms of PDX were associated with reduced cellular uptake of PDX and/or overexpression of DNMT3B. Epigenetic alterations were also considered to play a role in the resistance mechanism. The combination of DAC and PDX exhibited synergistic activity, and thus, this approach might improve the clinical efficacy of PDX. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-021-08607-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kana Oiwa
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, 23-3 Matsuokashimoaizuki, Eiheiji-cho, Yoshida-gun, Fukui, 910-1193, Japan
| | - Naoko Hosono
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, 23-3 Matsuokashimoaizuki, Eiheiji-cho, Yoshida-gun, Fukui, 910-1193, Japan.
| | - Rie Nishi
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, 23-3 Matsuokashimoaizuki, Eiheiji-cho, Yoshida-gun, Fukui, 910-1193, Japan
| | - Luigi Scotto
- The Center of Lymphoid Malignancy, Columbia University Medical Center, College of Physicians and Surgeons, 630 West 168th St, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Owen A O'Connor
- The Center of Lymphoid Malignancy, Columbia University Medical Center, College of Physicians and Surgeons, 630 West 168th St, New York, NY, 10032, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Virginia, 1215 Lee Street, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA
| | - Takahiro Yamauchi
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, 23-3 Matsuokashimoaizuki, Eiheiji-cho, Yoshida-gun, Fukui, 910-1193, Japan
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Gao L, Wu ZX, Assaraf YG, Chen ZS, Wang L. Overcoming anti-cancer drug resistance via restoration of tumor suppressor gene function. Drug Resist Updat 2021; 57:100770. [PMID: 34175687 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2021.100770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The cytotoxic anti-cancer drugs cisplatin, paclitaxel, doxorubicin, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), as well as targeted drugs including imatinib, erlotinib, and nivolumab, play key roles in clinical cancer treatment. However, the frequent emergence of drug resistance severely comprosises their anti-cancer efficacy. A number of studies indicated that loss of function of tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) is involved in the development of cancer drug resistance, apart from decreased drug influx, increased drug efflux, induction of anti-apoptosis mechanisms, alterations in tumor microenvironment, drug compartmentalization, enhanced DNA repair and drug inactivation. TSGs are involved in the pathogenesis of tumor formation through regulation of DNA damage repair, cell apoptosis, autophagy, proliferation, cell cycle progression, and signal transduction. Our increased understanding of TSGs in the past decades demonstrates that gene mutation is not the only reason that leads to the inactivation of TSGs. Loss of function of TSGs may be based on the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, epigenetic and transcriptional regualtion, post-translation modifications like phosphorylation as well as cellular translocation of TSGs. As the above processes can constitute"druggable targets", these mechanisms provide novel therapeutic approaches in targeting TSGs. Some small molecule compounds targeting these approaches re-activated TSGs and reversed cancer drug resistance. Along this vein, functional restoration of TSGs is a novel and promising approach to surmount cancer drug resistance. In the current review, we draw a scenario based on the role of loss of function of TSGs in drug resistance, on mechanisms leading to inactivation of TSGs and on pharmacological agents acting on these mechanisms to overcome cancer drug resistance. This review discusses novel therapeutic strategies targeting TSGs and offers possible modalities to conquer cancer drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyue Gao
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, PR China; Benxi Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Zhuo-Xun Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, NY, 11439, USA
| | - Yehuda G Assaraf
- The Fred Wyszkowski Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Zhe-Sheng Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, NY, 11439, USA.
| | - Lihui Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, PR China; Benxi Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, PR China.
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Desrosiers V, Barat C, Breton Y, Ouellet M, Tremblay MJ. Thymidylate synthase is essential for efficient HIV-1 replication in macrophages. Virology 2021; 561:47-57. [PMID: 34146963 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2021.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Thymidylate synthase (TS) is a key enzyme in nucleotide biosynthesis. A study performed by our group on human monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) infected with HIV-1 showed that many enzymes related to the folate cycle pathway, such as TS, are upregulated in productively infected cells. Here, we suggest that TS is essential for an effective HIV-1 infection in MDMs. Indeed, a TS specific small interfering RNA (siRNA) as well as the TS specific inhibitor Raltitrexed (RTX) caused a reduction in productively infected cells. Quantitative PCR analysis showed that this treatment decreased the efficacy of the early steps of the viral cycle. The RTX inhibitory effect was counteracted by dNTP addition. These results suggest that TS is essential for the early stages of HIV-1 infection by providing optimal dNTP concentrations in MDMs. TS and its related pathway may thus be considered as a potential therapeutic target for HIV-1 treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Desrosiers
- Axe des Maladies Infectieuses et Immunitaires, Centre de Recherche Du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Pavillon CHUL, Québec, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Corinne Barat
- Axe des Maladies Infectieuses et Immunitaires, Centre de Recherche Du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Pavillon CHUL, Québec, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Yann Breton
- Axe des Maladies Infectieuses et Immunitaires, Centre de Recherche Du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Pavillon CHUL, Québec, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Michel Ouellet
- Axe des Maladies Infectieuses et Immunitaires, Centre de Recherche Du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Pavillon CHUL, Québec, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Michel J Tremblay
- Axe des Maladies Infectieuses et Immunitaires, Centre de Recherche Du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Pavillon CHUL, Québec, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada; Département de Microbiologie-infectiologie et Immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada.
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Cucchi D, Gibson A, Martin SA. The emerging relationship between metabolism and DNA repair. Cell Cycle 2021; 20:943-959. [PMID: 33874857 PMCID: PMC8172156 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2021.1912889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The DNA damage response (DDR) consists of multiple specialized pathways that recognize different insults sustained by DNA and repairs them where possible to avoid the accumulation of mutations. While loss of activity of genes in the DDR has been extensively associated with cancer predisposition and progression, in recent years it has become evident that there is a relationship between the DDR and cellular metabolism. The activity of the metabolic pathways can influence the DDR by regulating the availability of substrates required for the repair process and the function of its players. Additionally, proteins of the DDR can regulate the metabolic flux through the major pathways such as glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) and pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). This newly discovered connection bears great importance in the biology of cancer and represents a new therapeutic opportunity. Here we describe the nature of the relationship between DDR and metabolism and its potential application in the treatment of cancer. Keywords: DNA repair, metabolism, mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Cucchi
- Centre for Cancer Cell and Molecular Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Amy Gibson
- Centre for Cancer Cell and Molecular Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Sarah a Martin
- Centre for Cancer Cell and Molecular Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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Targeting nutrient metabolism with FDA-approved drugs for cancer chemoprevention: Drugs and mechanisms. Cancer Lett 2021; 510:1-12. [PMID: 33857528 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Proliferating cancer cells exhibit metabolic alterations and specific nutritional needs for adapting to their rapid growth. These changes include using aerobic glycolysis, lipid metabolic disorder, and irregular protein degradation. It may be useful to target metabolic abnormalities for cancer chemoprevention. Epidemiological and mechanism-related studies have indicated that many FDA-approved anti-metabolic drugs decrease tumor risk, inhibit tumor growth, or enhance the effect of chemotherapeutic drugs. Drugs targeting nutrient metabolism have fewer side effects with long-term use compared to chemotherapeutic drugs. The characteristics of these drugs make them promising candidates for cancer chemoprevention. Here, we summarize recent discoveries of the chemo-preventive effects of drugs targeting nutrient metabolic pathways and discuss future applications and challenges. Understanding the effects and mechanisms of anti-metabolic drugs in cancer has important implications for exploring strategies for cancer chemoprevention.
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Folylpoly-ɣ-glutamate synthetase association to the cytoskeleton: Implications to folate metabolon compartmentalization. J Proteomics 2021; 239:104169. [PMID: 33676037 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2021.104169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Folates are essential for nucleotide biosynthesis, amino acid metabolism and cellular proliferation. Following carrier-mediated uptake, folates are polyglutamylated by folylpoly-ɣ-glutamate synthetase (FPGS), resulting in their intracellular retention. FPGS appears as a long isoform, directed to mitochondria via a leader sequence, and a short isoform reported as a soluble cytosolic protein (cFPGS). However, since folates are labile and folate metabolism is compartmentalized, we herein hypothesized that cFPGS is associated with the cytoskeleton, to couple folate uptake and polyglutamylation and channel folate polyglutamates to metabolon compartments. We show that cFPGS is a cytoskeleton-microtubule associated protein: Western blot analysis revealed that endogenous cFPGS is associated with the insoluble cellular fraction, i.e., cytoskeleton and membranes, but not with the cytosol. Mass spectrometry analysis identified the putative cFPGS interactome primarily consisting of microtubule subunits and cytoskeletal motor proteins. Consistently, immunofluorescence microscopy with cytosol-depleted cells demonstrated the association of cFPGS with the cytoskeleton and unconventional myosin-1c. Furthermore, since anti-microtubule, anti-actin cytoskeleton, and coatomer dissociation-inducing agents yielded perinuclear pausing of cFPGS, we propose an actin- and microtubule-dependent transport of cFPGS between the ER-Golgi and the plasma membrane. These novel findings support the coupling of folate transport with polyglutamylation and folate channeling to intracellular metabolon compartments. SIGNIFICANCE: FPGS, an essential enzyme catalyzing intracellular folate polyglutamylation and efficient retention, was described as a soluble cytosolic enzyme in the past 40 years. However, based on the lability of folates and the compartmentalization of folate metabolism and nucleotide biosynthesis, we herein hypothesized that cytoplasmic FPGS is associated with the cytoskeleton, to couple folate transport and polyglutamylation as well as channel folate polyglutamates to biosynthetic metabolon compartments. Indeed, using complementary techniques including Mass-spectrometry proteomics and fluorescence microscopy, we show that cytoplasmic FPGS is associated with the cytoskeleton and unconventional myosin-1c. This novel cytoskeletal localization of cytoplasmic FPGS supports the dynamic channeling of polyglutamylated folates to metabolon compartments to avoid oxidation and intracellular dilution of folates, while enhancing folate-dependent de novo biosynthesis of nucleotides and DNA/protein methylation.
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Wu J, Zhang S, Li J, Zhong X, Feng G, Hu L, He F, Cen H, Chen Y, He Y, Zeng H, Chen X, Mo X. Simultaneous determination of erythrocyte methotrexate polyglutamates by a novel and simple HPLC-MS/MS method with stable isotope-labeled internal standards. J Sep Sci 2021; 44:1852-1865. [PMID: 33646615 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202001081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Low-dose methotrexate is the first-line therapy for juvenile idiopathic arthritis. In vivo, methotrexate is converted into a series of methotrexate polyglutamates whose intracellular levels contribute significantly to its efficacy and toxicity. In this study, a novel high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method was developed and validated to simultaneously determine erythrocyte methotrexate polyglutamates using stable isotope-labeled internal standards. Erythrocyte samples were precipitated by perchloric acid and then determined on an XBridge BEH C18 column with an XP vanguard precolumn in 12 min. The mobile phase consisted of 10 nM ammonium acetate (pH 10) and methanol under gradient elution. The detection was carried out in multiple reaction monitoring mode via an electrospray ionization source in positive ionization mode. The calibration curve for each metabolite was linear from 2.0 to 500.0 nmol/L (r2 > 0.99). The intraday and interday accuracies were between 93.0 and 107.0%, and the corresponding precisions were between 0.8 and 5.2%. The relative recovery ranged from 82.7 to 105.1%, and the relative matrix effect varied from 96.5 to 104.4%. The erythrocyte metabolites were stable for 30 days at -80°C. This simple and accurate method is applicable to routine monitoring of the concentration of erythrocyte methotrexate polyglutamates in patients to achieve individualized treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Song Zhang
- Pediatric Allergy Immunology & Rheumatology Department, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jiali Li
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoli Zhong
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Guiping Feng
- Pediatric Allergy Immunology & Rheumatology Department, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Liangqing Hu
- Pediatric Allergy Immunology & Rheumatology Department, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Fan He
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Hanjing Cen
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yilu Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yanling He
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Huasong Zeng
- Pediatric Allergy Immunology & Rheumatology Department, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Xiaolan Mo
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, P. R. China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
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38
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Zhang W, Li X, Zhang X, Dong Y, Hu L. Probing the methotrexate-protein interactions by proteomics and thermostability assay for drug resistance study. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2021; 13:411-418. [PMID: 33411868 DOI: 10.1039/d0ay02099k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Screening of drug targets is critical to understand the mechanism of action of the drug. The aim of this study is to screen the drug-resistant target proteins of the anticancer drug methotrexate (MTX) by using chemical proteomics and to further study the interaction between MTX and its target protein in vitro and in vivo according to the principle of the increasing thermal stability of the target protein after binding with the drug molecule. The results showed that 21 drug resistance related proteins of MTX including phosphoglycerate kinase 1 (PGK1) were detected by quantitative proteomics. The expression of PGK1 increased with the prolongation of incubation time of MTX, indicating PGK1 protein is affected by MTX time dependently in cells. Further the results of the study on the interaction between MTX and PGK1 in vitro and in vivo using cellular thermal shift assay (CETSA) showed that the level of PGK1 in MTX-treated groups was higher than that in the control group under the stimulation of higher temperature conditions, indicating that PGK1 has direct interactions with MTX. The present study provided the data and theoretical support for the study of the resistant target proteins of MTX and a novel point for the extension application of MTX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Zhang
- Key Laboratory Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, The Ministry of Education, National Engineering Laboratory of AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, China.
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Levin M, Stark M, Ofran Y, Assaraf YG. Deciphering molecular mechanisms underlying chemoresistance in relapsed AML patients: towards precision medicine overcoming drug resistance. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:53. [PMID: 33446189 PMCID: PMC7809753 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-01746-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remains a devastating disease with a 5-year survival rate of less than 30%. AML treatment has undergone significant changes in recent years, incorporating novel targeted therapies along with improvements in allogeneic bone marrow transplantation techniques. However, the standard of care remains cytarabine and anthracyclines, and the primary hindrance towards curative treatment is the frequent emergence of intrinsic and acquired anticancer drug resistance. In this respect, patients presenting with chemoresistant AML face dismal prognosis even with most advanced therapies. Herein, we aimed to explore the potential implementation of the characterization of chemoresistance mechanisms in individual AML patients towards efficacious personalized medicine. Methods Towards the identification of tailored treatments for individual patients, we herein present the cases of relapsed AML patients, and compare them to patients displaying durable remissions following the same chemotherapeutic induction treatment. We quantified the expression levels of specific genes mediating drug transport and metabolism, nucleotide biosynthesis, and apoptosis, in order to decipher the molecular mechanisms underlying intrinsic and/or acquired chemoresistance modalities in relapsed patients. This was achieved by real-time PCR using patient cDNA, and could be readily implemented in the clinical setting. Results This analysis revealed pre-existing differences in gene expression levels between the relapsed patients and patients with lasting remissions, as well as drug-induced alterations at different relapse stages compared to diagnosis. Each of the relapsed patients displayed unique chemoresistance mechanisms following similar treatment protocols, which could have been missed in a large study aimed at identifying common drug resistance determinants. Conclusions Our findings emphasize the need for standardized evaluation of key drug transport and metabolism genes as an integral component of routine AML management, thereby allowing for the selection of treatments of choice for individual patients. This approach could facilitate the design of efficacious personalized treatment regimens, thereby reducing relapse rates of therapy refractory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- May Levin
- The Fred Wyszkowski Cancer Research Laboratory, Dept. of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 3200003, Haifa, Israel
| | - Michal Stark
- The Fred Wyszkowski Cancer Research Laboratory, Dept. of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 3200003, Haifa, Israel
| | - Yishai Ofran
- Department of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel.
| | - Yehuda G Assaraf
- The Fred Wyszkowski Cancer Research Laboratory, Dept. of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 3200003, Haifa, Israel.
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Sciarrillo R, Wojtuszkiewicz A, Assaraf YG, Jansen G, Kaspers GJL, Giovannetti E, Cloos J. The role of alternative splicing in cancer: From oncogenesis to drug resistance. Drug Resist Updat 2020; 53:100728. [PMID: 33070093 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2020.100728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Alternative splicing is a tightly regulated process whereby non-coding sequences of pre-mRNA are removed and protein-coding segments are assembled in diverse combinations, ultimately giving rise to proteins with distinct or even opposing functions. In the past decade, whole genome/transcriptome sequencing studies revealed the high complexity of splicing regulation, which occurs co-transcriptionally and is influenced by chromatin status and mRNA modifications. Consequently, splicing profiles of both healthy and malignant cells display high diversity and alternative splicing was shown to be widely deregulated in multiple cancer types. In particular, mutations in pre-mRNA regulatory sequences, splicing regulators and chromatin modifiers, as well as differential expression of splicing factors are important contributors to cancer pathogenesis. It has become clear that these aberrations contribute to many facets of cancer, including oncogenic transformation, cancer progression, response to anticancer drug treatment as well as resistance to therapy. In this respect, alternative splicing was shown to perturb the expression a broad spectrum of relevant genes involved in drug uptake/metabolism (i.e. SLC29A1, dCK, FPGS, and TP), activation of nuclear receptor pathways (i.e. GR, AR), regulation of apoptosis (i.e. MCL1, BCL-X, and FAS) and modulation of response to immunotherapy (CD19). Furthermore, aberrant splicing constitutes an important source of novel cancer biomarkers and the spliceosome machinery represents an attractive target for a novel and rapidly expanding class of therapeutic agents. Small molecule inhibitors targeting SF3B1 or splice factor kinases were highly cytotoxic against a wide range of cancer models, including drug-resistant cells. Importantly, these effects are enhanced in specific cancer subsets, such as splicing factor-mutated and c-MYC-driven tumors. Furthermore, pre-clinical studies report synergistic effects of spliceosome modulators in combination with conventional antitumor agents. These strategies based on the use of low dose splicing modulators could shift the therapeutic window towards decreased toxicity in healthy tissues. Here we provide an extensive overview of the latest findings in the field of regulation of splicing in cancer, including molecular mechanisms by which cancer cells harness alternative splicing to drive oncogenesis and evade anticancer drug treatment as well as splicing-based vulnerabilities that can provide novel treatment opportunities. Furthermore, we discuss current challenges arising from genome-wide detection and prediction methods of aberrant splicing, as well as unravelling functional relevance of the plethora of cancer-related splicing alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocco Sciarrillo
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Department of Pediatric Oncology, Emma's Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Anna Wojtuszkiewicz
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Yehuda G Assaraf
- The Fred Wyszkowski Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Gerrit Jansen
- Amsterdam Immunology and Rheumatology Center, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Gertjan J L Kaspers
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Emma's Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Elisa Giovannetti
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Fondazione Pisana per la Scienza, Pisa, Italy
| | - Jacqueline Cloos
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
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Chekabab SM, Lawrence JR, Alvarado A, Predicala B, Korber DR. A health metadata-based management approach for comparative analysis of high-throughput genetic sequences for quantifying antimicrobial resistance reduction in Canadian hog barns. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2020; 18:2629-2638. [PMID: 33033582 PMCID: PMC7530205 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2020.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
New Canadian regulations have required that all use of antibiotics in livestock animal production should be under veterinary prescription and oversight, while the prophylactic use and inclusion of these agents in animal feed as growth promoters are also banned. In response to this new rule, many Canadian animal producers have voluntarily implemented production practices aimed at producing animals effectively while avoiding the use of antibiotics. In the swine industry, one such program is the 'raised without antibiotics' (RWA) program. In this paper, we describe a comprehensive investigative methodology comparing the effect of the adoption of the RWA approach with non-RWA pig production operations where antibiotics may still be administered on animals as needed. Our experimental approach involves a multi-year longitudinal investigation of pig farming to determine the effects of antibiotic usage on the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and pathogen abundance in the context of the drug exposures recorded in the RWA versus non-RWA scenarios. Surveillance of AMR and pathogens was conducted using whole-genome sequencing (WGS) in conjunction with open source tools and data pipeline analyses, which inform on the resistome, virulome and bacterial diversity in animals and materials associated with the different types of barns. This information was combined and correlated with drug usage (types and amounts) over time, along with animal health metadata (stage of growth, reason for drug use, among others). The overarching goal was to develop a set of interconnected informatic tools and data management procedures wherein specific queries could be made and customized, to reveal statistically valid cause/effect relationships. Results demonstrating possible correlations between RWA and AMR would support the Canadian pig industry, as well as regulatory agencies in new efforts, focused on reducing overall antibiotics use and in curbing the development and spread of AMR related to animal agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel M. Chekabab
- Food and Bioproduct Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada
- Prairie Swine Centre Inc., Box 21057, 2105 – 8th Street East, Saskatoon, SK S7H 5N9, Canada
| | - John R. Lawrence
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, 11 Innovation Blvd., Saskatoon, SK S7N 3H5, Canada
| | - Alvin Alvarado
- Prairie Swine Centre Inc., Box 21057, 2105 – 8th Street East, Saskatoon, SK S7H 5N9, Canada
| | - Bernardo Predicala
- Prairie Swine Centre Inc., Box 21057, 2105 – 8th Street East, Saskatoon, SK S7H 5N9, Canada
| | - Darren R. Korber
- Food and Bioproduct Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada
- Corresponding author.
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42
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Scotto L, Kinahan C, Casadei B, Mangone M, Douglass E, Murty VV, Marchi E, Ma H, George C, Montanari F, Califano A, O'Connor OA. Generation of pralatrexate resistant T-cell lymphoma lines reveals two patterns of acquired drug resistance that is overcome with epigenetic modifiers. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2020; 59:639-651. [PMID: 32614991 PMCID: PMC7540375 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
While pralatrexate (PDX) has been successfully developed for the treatment of T-cell lymphoma, the mechanistic basis for its T-cell selectivity and acquired resistance remains elusive. In an effort to potentially identify synergistic combinations that might circumnavigate or delay acquired PDX resistance, we generated resistant cells lines over a broad concentration range. PDX-resistant cell lines H9-12 and H9-200 were developed, each exhibiting an IC50 of 35 and over 1000 nM, respectively. These lines were established in vitro from parental H9 cells. Expression analysis of the proteins known to be important determinants of antifolate pharmacology revealed increase expression of dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) due to gene amplification, and reduced folate carrier1 downregulation, as the putative mechanisms of resistance in H9-12 and H9-200 cells. Cross resistance was only seen with methotrexate but not with romidepsin, azacitidine (AZA), decitabine, gemcitabine, doxorubicin, or bortezomib. Resistance to PDX was reversed by pretreatment with hypomethylating agents in a concentration-dependent fashion. Comparison of gene expression profiles of parental and resistant cell lines confirmed markedly different patterns of gene expression, and identified the dual specificity phosphatase four (DUSP4) as one of the molecular target of PDX activity. Reduced STAT5 phosphorylation following exposure to PDX was observed in the H9 but not in the H9-12 and H9-200 cells. These data suggest that combination with hypomethylating agents could be potent, and that DUSP4 and STAT5 could represent putative biomarkers of PDX activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Scotto
- Center for Lymphoid Malignancies, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.,Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Cristina Kinahan
- Center for Lymphoid Malignancies, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.,Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Beatrice Casadei
- Center for Lymphoid Malignancies, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.,Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Michael Mangone
- Center for Lymphoid Malignancies, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.,Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Eugene Douglass
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Vundavalli V Murty
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Enrica Marchi
- Center for Lymphoid Malignancies, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.,Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Helen Ma
- Center for Lymphoid Malignancies, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.,Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Changchun George
- Center for Lymphoid Malignancies, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.,Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Francesca Montanari
- Center for Lymphoid Malignancies, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.,Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Andrea Califano
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Owen A O'Connor
- Center for Lymphoid Malignancies, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
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43
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Jiang W, Xia J, Xie S, Zou R, Pan S, Wang ZW, Assaraf YG, Zhu X. Long non-coding RNAs as a determinant of cancer drug resistance: Towards the overcoming of chemoresistance via modulation of lncRNAs. Drug Resist Updat 2020; 50:100683. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2020.100683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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44
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Jun F, Peng Z, Zhang Y, Shi D. Quantitative Proteomic Profiling Identifies SOX8 as Novel Regulator of Drug Resistance in Gestational Trophoblastic Neoplasia. Front Oncol 2020; 10:557. [PMID: 32411596 PMCID: PMC7198745 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of drug resistance remains one of the major challenges to current chemotherapeutic regimens in gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN). Further understanding on the mechanisms of drug resistance would help to develop more effective therapy to treat GTN. Herein, tandem mass tag-based (TMT) quantitative proteomic technique was used to establish drug resistance-related proteomic profiles in chemoresistant GTN cell models (JEG3/MTX, JEG3/VP16, JEG3/5-Fu). In total, we identified 5,704 protein groups, among which 4,997 proteins were quantified in JEG3 and its chemoresistant sublines. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that multiple biological processes/molecular pathways/signaling networks were involved in the regulation of drug resistance in chemoresistant JEG3 sublines. SOX8 was upregulated in all the three chemoresistant sublines, and its function was further investigated. Knockdown of SOX8 significantly reduced cell viability, impaired soft agar clonogenesis, and increased caspase-3 activities after drug treatment in JEG3 chemoresistant sublines. In addition, over-expression of SOX8 promoted cell survival, enhanced soft agar clonogenesis, and attenuated caspase-3 activities after drug treatment in GTN cells. Importantly, SOX8 might be a potential regulator of reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis, as SOX8 regulated the expression of antioxidant enzymes (GPX1, HMOX1) and reduced drug-induced ROS accumulation in GTN cell models. Collectively, SOX8 might promote drug resistance through attenuating the accumulation of ROS induced by chemotherapeutic drugs in GTN cells. Targeting SOX8 might be useful to sensitize GTN cells to chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu Jun
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Peng
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Gynecological Oncology Research and Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Gynecological Oncology Research and Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Dazun Shi
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Gynecological Oncology Research and Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
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45
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Kok DE, O'Flanagan CH, Coleman MF, Ashkavand Z, Hursting SD, Krupenko SA. Effects of folic acid withdrawal on transcriptomic profiles in murine triple-negative breast cancer cell lines. Biochimie 2020; 173:114-122. [PMID: 32304770 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2020.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We have previously shown that withdrawal of folic acid led to metabolic reprogramming and a less aggressive phenotype in a mouse cell model of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Herein, we evaluate the effects of folic acid withdrawal on transcriptomic profiles in these cells. Murine cell lines were originally derived from a pool of spontaneous mammary tumors grown in MMTV-Wnt1 transgenic mice. Based on their differential molecular characteristics and metastatic potential, these cell lines were previously characterized as non-metastatic epithelial (E-Wnt), non-metastatic mesenchymal (M-Wnt) and metastatic mesenchymal (metM-Wntliver) cells. Using custom two-color 180K Agilent microarrays, we have determined gene expression profiles for three biological replicates of each subtype kept on standard medium (2.2 μM folic acid) or folic acid-free medium for 72 h. The analyses revealed that more genes were differentially expressed upon folic acid withdrawal in M-Wnt cells (1884 genes; Benjamini-Hochberg-adjusted P-value <0.05) compared to E-Wnt and metM-Wntliver cells (108 and 222 genes, respectively). Pathway analysis has identified that type I interferon signaling was strongly affected by folic acid withdrawal, with interferon-responsive genes consistently being upregulated upon folic acid withdrawal in M-Wnt cells. Of note, repressed interferon signaling has been established as one of the characteristics of aggressive human TNBC, and hence reactivation of this pathway may be a promising therapeutic approach. Overall, while our study indicates that the response to folic acid withdrawal varies by molecular subtype and cellular phenotype, it also underscores the necessity to further investigate one-carbon metabolism as a potential therapeutic means in the treatment of advanced TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dieuwertje E Kok
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University & Research, the Netherlands.
| | - Ciara H O'Flanagan
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA.
| | - Michael F Coleman
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA; Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, USA.
| | - Zahra Ashkavand
- Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, USA.
| | - Stephen D Hursting
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA; Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA.
| | - Sergey A Krupenko
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA; Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, USA.
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46
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Kim SE. Enzymes involved in folate metabolism and its implication for cancer treatment. Nutr Res Pract 2020; 14:95-101. [PMID: 32256983 PMCID: PMC7075736 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2020.14.2.95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Folate plays a critical role in DNA synthesis and methylation. Intracellular folate homeostasis is maintained by the enzymes folylpolyglutamate synthase (FPGS) and γ-glutamyl hydrolase (GGH). FPGS adds glutamate residues to folate upon its entry into the cell through a process known as polyglutamylation to enhance folate retention in the cell and to maintain a steady supply of utilizable folate derivatives for folate-dependent enzyme reactions. Thereafter, GGH catalyzes the hydrolysis of polyglutamylated folate into monoglutamylated folate, which can subsequently be exported from the cell. The objective of this review is to summarize the scientific evidence available on the effects of intracellular folate homeostasis-associated enzymes on cancer chemotherapy. METHODS This review discusses the effects of FPGS and GGH on chemosensitivity to cancer chemotherapeutic agents such as antifolates, such as methotrexate, and 5-fluorouracil. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Polyglutamylated (anti)folates are better substrates for intracellular folate-dependent enzymes and retained for longer within cells. In addition to polyglutamylation of (anti)folates, FPGS and GGH modulate intracellular folate concentrations, which are an important determinant of chemosensitivity of cancer cells toward chemotherapeutic agents. Therefore, FPGS and GGH affect chemosensitivity to antifolates and 5-fluorouracil by altering intracellular retention status of antifolates and folate cofactors such as 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate, subsequently influencing the cytotoxic effects of 5-fluorouracil, respectively. Generally, high FPGS and/or low GGH activity is associated with increased chemosensitivity of cancer cells to methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil, while low FPGS and/or high GGH activity seems to correspond to resistance to these drugs. Further preclinical and clinical studies elucidating the pharmocogenetic ramifications of these enzyme-induced changes are warranted to provide a framework for developing rational, effective, safe, and customized chemotherapeutic practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Eun Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung Women's University, 100 Cheongpa-ro 47-gil, Yongsan-gu, Seoul 04310, Republic of Korea
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47
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Dong J, Qin Z, Zhang WD, Cheng G, Yehuda AG, Ashby CR, Chen ZS, Cheng XD, Qin JJ. Medicinal chemistry strategies to discover P-glycoprotein inhibitors: An update. Drug Resist Updat 2020; 49:100681. [PMID: 32014648 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2020.100681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The presence of multidrug resistance (MDR) in malignant tumors is one of the primary causes of treatment failure in cancer chemotherapy. The overexpression of the ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporter, P-glycoprotein (P-gp), which significantly increases the efflux of certain anticancer drugs from tumor cells, produces MDR. Therefore, inhibition of P-gp may represent a viable therapeutic strategy to overcome cancer MDR. Over the past 4 decades, many compounds with P-gp inhibitory efficacy (referred to as first- and second-generation P-gp inhibitors) have been identified or synthesized. However, these compounds were not successful in clinical trials due to a lack of efficacy and/or untoward toxicity. Subsequently, third- and fourth-generation P-gp inhibitors were developed but dedicated clinical trials did not indicate a significant therapeutic effect. In recent years, an extraordinary array of highly potent, selective, and low-toxicity P-gp inhibitors have been reported. Herein, we provide a comprehensive review of the synthetic and natural products that have specific inhibitory activity on P-gp drug efflux as well as promising chemosensitizing efficacy in MDR cancer cells. The present review focuses primarily on the structural features, design strategies, and structure-activity relationships (SAR) of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyun Dong
- Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, 310022, China; College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Zuodong Qin
- Research Center of Biochemical Engineering Technology, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Hunan University of Science and Engineering, Yongzhou 425199, China
| | - Wei-Dong Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Gang Cheng
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Assaraf G Yehuda
- The Fred Wyszkowski Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Charles R Ashby
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, 11439, USA
| | - Zhe-Sheng Chen
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, 11439, USA.
| | - Xiang-Dong Cheng
- Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, 310022, China.
| | - Jiang-Jiang Qin
- Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, 310022, China; College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
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48
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Wang H, Li JM, Wei W, Yang R, Chen D, Ma XD, Jiang GM, Wang BL. Regulation of ATP-binding cassette subfamily B member 1 by Snail contributes to chemoresistance in colorectal cancer. Cancer Sci 2019; 111:84-97. [PMID: 31774615 PMCID: PMC6942434 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Although accumulating evidence has indicated the intimate association between epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) and acquired resistance to chemotherapy for colorectal cancer (CRC), the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Herein, we reported that Snail, a crucial EMT controller, was upregulated in CRC tissues. Colorectal cancer cells overexpressing Snail were found to be more resistant to 5‐fluorouracil (5‐Fu). Mechanistic studies reveal that Snail could increase the expression of ATP‐binding cassette subfamily B member 1 (ABCB1) rather than the other 23 chemoresistance‐related genes. Additionally, knockdown of ABCB1 significantly attenuated Snail‐induced 5‐Fu resistance in CRC cells. Oxaliplatin increased Snail and ABCB1 expression in CRC cells. Snail and ABCB1 were upregulated in 5‐Fu‐resistant HCT‐8 (HCT‐8/5‐Fu) cells and inhibition of Snail decreased ABCB1 in HCT‐8/5‐Fu cells. These results confirm the vital role played by ABCB1 in Snail‐induced chemoresistance. Further investigation into the relevant molecular mechanism revealed Snail‐mediated ABCB1 upregulation was independent of β‐catenin, STAT3, PXR, CAR and Foxo3a, which are commonly involved in modulating ABCB1 transcription. Instead, Snail upregulated ABCB1 transcription by directly binding to its promoter. Clinical analysis confirms that increased Snail expression correlated significantly with tumor size (P = .018), lymph node metastasis (P = .033), distant metastasis (P = .025), clinical stage grade (P = .024), and poor prognosis (P = .045) of CRC patients. Moreover, coexpression of Snail and ABCB1 was observed in CRC patients. Our study revealed that direct regulation of ABCB1 by Snail was critical for conferring chemoresistance in CRC cells. These findings unraveled the mechanisms underlying the association between EMT and chemoresistance, and provided potential targets for CRC clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Ji-Min Li
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Rui Yang
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Dong Chen
- School of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Ma
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Guan-Min Jiang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Bao-Long Wang
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
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49
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Liang J, Lu T, Chen Z, Zhan C, Wang Q. Mechanisms of resistance to pemetrexed in non-small cell lung cancer. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2019; 8:1107-1118. [PMID: 32010588 DOI: 10.21037/tlcr.2019.10.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Currently, lung cancer has remained the most common cause of cancer death while non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for the most of all lung cancer cases. Regardless of multiple existing managements, chemotherapy regimens are still the mainstay of treatment for NSCLC, where pemetrexed has shown cytotoxic activity and has increasingly been used, especially for advanced cases. However, chemo-resistance may inhibit clinical efficacy after long-term use. Mechanisms responsible for chemo-resistance to pemetrexed in NSCLC are plethoric but can be separated into two categories to be discussed: tumor cells and their interactions with drugs. Phenomena relevant to tumor cells such as oncogene or oncoprotein alterations, DNA synthesis, DNA repair, and tumor cell biology behavior are discussed, as well as processes associated with drug dynamics, including drug uptake, drug elimination, and antifolate polyglutamylation. This review will focus on clinical trials and the basic biomedical mechanisms of NSCLC treated with pemetrexed and will describe the underlying mechanisms of resistance to facilitate more efficient clinical therapies to treat patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Liang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Tao Lu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhencong Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Cheng Zhan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qun Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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50
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Reeve SM, Si D, Krucinska J, Yan Y, Viswanathan K, Wang S, Holt GT, Frenkel MS, Ojewole AA, Estrada A, Agabiti SS, Alverson JB, Gibson ND, Priestley ND, Wiemer AJ, Donald BR, Wright DL. Toward Broad Spectrum Dihydrofolate Reductase Inhibitors Targeting Trimethoprim Resistant Enzymes Identified in Clinical Isolates of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. ACS Infect Dis 2019; 5:1896-1906. [PMID: 31565920 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.9b00222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The spread of plasmid borne resistance enzymes in clinical Staphylococcus aureus isolates is rendering trimethoprim and iclaprim, both inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), ineffective. Continued exploitation of these targets will require compounds that can broadly inhibit these resistance-conferring isoforms. Using a structure-based approach, we have developed a novel class of ionized nonclassical antifolates (INCAs) that capture the molecular interactions that have been exclusive to classical antifolates. These modifications allow for a greatly expanded spectrum of activity across these pathogenic DHFR isoforms, while maintaining the ability to penetrate the bacterial cell wall. Using biochemical, structural, and computational methods, we are able to optimize these inhibitors to the conserved active sites of the endogenous and trimethoprim resistant DHFR enzymes. Here, we report a series of INCA compounds that exhibit low nanomolar enzymatic activity and potent cellular activity with human selectivity against a panel of clinically relevant TMP resistant (TMPR) and methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M. Reeve
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, 69 N. Eagleville Road, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Debjani Si
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, 69 N. Eagleville Road, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Jolanta Krucinska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, 69 N. Eagleville Road, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Yongzhao Yan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, 69 N. Eagleville Road, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Kishore Viswanathan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, 69 N. Eagleville Road, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Siyu Wang
- Department of Computer Science, Duke University, 308 Research Drive, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
- Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Duke University, 101 Science Drive, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Graham T. Holt
- Department of Computer Science, Duke University, 308 Research Drive, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
- Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Duke University, 101 Science Drive, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Marcel S. Frenkel
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, 255 Nanaline H. Duke, Durham, North Carolina 27710, United States
| | - Adegoke A. Ojewole
- Department of Computer Science, Duke University, 308 Research Drive, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
- Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Duke University, 101 Science Drive, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Alexavier Estrada
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, 69 N. Eagleville Road, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Sherry S. Agabiti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, 69 N. Eagleville Road, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Jeremy B. Alverson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Montana, 32 Campus Drive, Missoula, Montana 59812, United States
| | - Nathan D. Gibson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Montana, 32 Campus Drive, Missoula, Montana 59812, United States
| | - Nigel D. Priestley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Montana, 32 Campus Drive, Missoula, Montana 59812, United States
| | - Andrew J. Wiemer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, 69 N. Eagleville Road, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Bruce R. Donald
- Department of Computer Science, Duke University, 308 Research Drive, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, 255 Nanaline H. Duke, Durham, North Carolina 27710, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, 124 Science Drive, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Dennis L. Wright
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, 69 N. Eagleville Road, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, 55 N. Eagleville Road, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
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