1
|
Rahman S, Haque R, Raisuddin S. Potential inhibition of 12- O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-induced inflammation, hyperproliferation, and hyperplasiogenic responses by celecoxib in mouse skin. Cutan Ocul Toxicol 2024; 43:87-96. [PMID: 38127818 DOI: 10.1080/15569527.2023.2295843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Skin exposure to noxious agents leads to cutaneous lesion marked by an increase in inflammation, cellular proliferation, and hyperplasiogenic reactions. Studies have demonstrated that these damages breach the skin integrity resulting in the aetiology of various cutaneous disorders like atopic dermatitis, eczema, psoriasis, and development of non-melanoma skin cancer. Celecoxib, a cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor, is an effective treatment for a variety of inflammatory diseases. Its importance in the therapy of skin problems, however, remains under appreciated. METHODS We tested efficacy of topically applied celecoxib in mitigating skin inflammation, cellular proliferation, and hyperplasia induced by the phorbol ester 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) in Swiss albino mice. RESULTS Celecoxib (5 and 10 μmol) markedly reduced TPA (10 nmol) induced prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production, oedema formation, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, and levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), and interleukin-6 (IL-6). It also resulted in a considerable decrease in ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity and the incorporation of [3H]-thymidine into DNA. In addition, there was a significant reduction in histoarchitectural abnormalities such as epidermal thickness, number of epidermal cell layers, neutrophil infiltration, intercellular oedema, and vasodilation. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate that topical celecoxib can reduce the inflammation, hyperproliferation, and hyperplasiogenic events of skin insults suggesting that it may prove to be a valuable management option for cutaneous lesion and associated illnesses such as atopic dermatitis, eczema, and psoriasis, as well as the emergence of non-melanoma cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shakilur Rahman
- Department of Medical Elementology & Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi, India
| | - Rizwanul Haque
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Earth, Biological and Environmental Science, Central University of South Bihar, Gaya, Bihar, India
| | - Sheikh Raisuddin
- Department of Medical Elementology & Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Michalak M. Plant Extracts as Skin Care and Therapeutic Agents. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15444. [PMID: 37895122 PMCID: PMC10607442 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural ingredients have been used for centuries for skin treatment and care. Interest in the health effects of plants has recently increased due to their safety and applicability in the formulation of pharmaceuticals and cosmetics. Long-known plant materials as well as newly discovered ones are increasingly being used in natural products of plant origin. This review highlights the beneficial effects of plants and plant constituents on the skin, including moisturizing (e.g., Cannabis sativa, Hydrangea serrata, Pradosia mutisii and Carthamus tinctorius), anti-aging (e.g., Aegopodium podagraria, Euphorbia characias, Premna odorata and Warburgia salutaris), antimicrobial (e.g., Betula pendula and Epilobium angustifolium), antioxidant (e.g., Kadsura coccinea, Rosmarinus officinalis, Rubus idaeus and Spatholobus suberectus), anti-inflammatory (e.g., Antidesma thwaitesianum, Helianthus annuus, Oenanthe javanica, Penthorum chinense, Ranunculus bulumei and Zanthoxylum bungeanum), regenerative (e.g., Aloe vera, Angelica polymorpha, Digitaria ciliaris, Glycyrrihza glabra and Marantodes pumilum), wound healing (e.g., Agrimonia eupatoria, Astragalus floccosus, Bursera morelensis, Jatropha neopauciflora and Sapindus mukorossi), photoprotective (e.g., Astragalus gombiformis, Calea fruticose, Euphorbia characias and Posoqueria latifolia) and anti-tyrosinase activity (e.g., Aerva lanata, Bruguiera gymnorhiza, Dodonaea viscosa, Lonicera japonica and Schisandra chinensis), as well as their role as excipients in cosmetics (coloring (e.g., Beta vulgaris, Centaurea cyanus, Hibiscus sabdariffa and Rubia tinctiorum), protective and aromatic agents (e.g., Hyssopus officinalis, Melaleuca alternifolia, Pelargonium graveolens and Verbena officinalis)).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monika Michalak
- Department of Dermatology, Cosmetology and Aesthetic Surgery, Medical College, Jan Kochanowski University, 35-317 Kielce, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Roh E, Kim JE, Zhang T, Shin SH, Kim BG, Li J, Ma X, Lee KW, Dong Z. Orobol, 3'-hydroxy-genistein, suppresses the development and regrowth of cutaneous SCC. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 209:115415. [PMID: 36657604 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Chronic solar ultraviolet exposure is a major risk factor for cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC), which is the second most common type of skin cancer. Our previous data showed that total protein and phosphorylation levels of T-LAK cell-originated protein kinase (TOPK) were enhanced in solar-simulated light (SSL)-induced skin carcinogenesis and overexpressed in actinic keratosis (AK) and cSCC human skin tissues compared to those in matched normal skin. Thus, targeting TOPK activity could be a helpful approach for treating cSCC. Our data showed that orobol directly binds to TOPK in an ATP-independent manner and inhibits TOPK kinase activity. Furthermore, orobol inhibited anchorage-independent colony formation by SCC12 cells in a dose-dependent manner. After discontinuing the treatment, patients commonly return to tumor-bearing conditions; therefore, therapy or intermittent dosing of drugs must be continued indefinitely. Thus, to examine the efficacy of orobol against the development and regrowth of cSCC, we established mouse models including prevention, and therapeutic models on the chronic SSL-irradiated SKH-1 hairless mice. Early treatment with orobol attenuates chronic SSL-induced cSCC development. Furthermore, orobol showed therapeutic efficacy after the formation of chronic SSL irradiation-induced tumor. In the mouse model with intermittent dosing of orobol, our data showed that re-application of orobol is effective for reducing tumor regrowth after discontinuation of treatment. Moreover, oncogenic protein levels were significantly attenuated by orobol treatment in the SSL-stimulated human skin. Thus, we suggest that orobol, as a promising TOPK inhibitor, could have an effective clinical approach to prevent and treat the development and regrowth of cSCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eunmiri Roh
- Department of Cosmetic Science, Kwangju Women's University, Gwangju 62396, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Eun Kim
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Korea National University of Transportation, Jeungpyeong, Chungbuk 27909, Republic of Korea
| | - Tianshun Zhang
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN 55912, USA
| | - Seung Ho Shin
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongnam 52828, Republic of Korea; Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongnam 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Gee Kim
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jian Li
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, China
| | - Xinli Ma
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, China
| | - Ki Won Lee
- Biomodulation Major and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Zigang Dong
- College of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lacerda PA, Oenning LC, Bellato GC, Lopes-Santos L, Antunes NDJ, Mariz BALA, Teixeira G, Vasconcelos R, Simões GF, de Souza IA, Pinto CAL, Salo T, Coletta RD, Augusto TM, de Oliveira CE, Cervigne NK. Polypodium leucotomos targets multiple aspects of oral carcinogenesis and it is a potential antitumor phytotherapy against tongue cancer growth. Front Pharmacol 2023; 13:1098374. [PMID: 36686704 PMCID: PMC9849903 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1098374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Oral cancer refers to malignant tumors, of which 90% are squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs). These malignancies exhibit rapid progression, poor prognosis, and often mutilating therapeutical approaches. The determination of a prophylactic and/or therapeutic antitumor role of the polyphenolic extract Polypodium leucotomos(PL) would be relevant in developing new tools for prevention and treatment. Methods: We aimed to determine the antitumor effect of PL by treating OSCC cell lines with PL metabolites and evaluating its action during OSCC progression in vivo. Results: PL treatment successfully impaired cell cycling and proliferation, migration, and invasion, enhanced apoptosis, and modulated macrophage polarization associated with the tumoral immune-inflammatory response of tongue cancer cell lines (TSCC). PL treatment significantly decreased the expression of MMP1 (p < 0.01) and MMP2 (p < 0.001), and increased the expression of TIMP1 (p < 0.001) and TIMP2 (p < 0.0001) in these cells. The mesenchymal-epithelial transition phenotype was promoted in cells treated with PL, through upregulation of E-CAD (p < 0.001) and reduction of N-CAD (p < 0.05). PL restrained OSCC progression in vivo by inhibiting tumor volume growth and decreasing the number of severe dysplasia lesions and squamous cell carcinomas. Ki-67 was significantly higher expressed in tongue tissues of animals not treated with PL(p < 0.05), and a notable reduction in Bcl2 (p < 0.05) and Pcna (p < 0.05) cell proliferation-associated genes was found in dysplastic lesions and TSCCs of PL-treated mice. Finally, N-cad(Cdh2), Vim, and Twist were significantly reduced in tongue tissues treated with PL. Conclusion: PL significantly decreased OSCC carcinogenic processes in vitro and inhibited tumor progression in vivo. PL also appears to contribute to the modulation of immune-inflammatory oral tumor-associated responses. Taken together, these results suggest that PL plays an important antitumor role in processes associated with oral carcinogenesis and may be a potential phytotherapeutic target for the prevention and/or adjuvant treatment of TSCCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pammela A. Lacerda
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Cell Culture (LBMCC), Faculty of Medicine of Jundiaí (FMJ), Jundiaí, Brazil
| | - Luan C. Oenning
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Cell Culture (LBMCC), Faculty of Medicine of Jundiaí (FMJ), Jundiaí, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Cuoghi Bellato
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Cell Culture (LBMCC), Faculty of Medicine of Jundiaí (FMJ), Jundiaí, Brazil
| | - Lucilene Lopes-Santos
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Cell Culture (LBMCC), Faculty of Medicine of Jundiaí (FMJ), Jundiaí, Brazil
| | | | | | - Gabriela Teixeira
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Cell Culture (LBMCC), Faculty of Medicine of Jundiaí (FMJ), Jundiaí, Brazil
| | - Rafael Vasconcelos
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Cell Culture (LBMCC), Faculty of Medicine of Jundiaí (FMJ), Jundiaí, Brazil
| | | | - Ivani Aparecida de Souza
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of Jundiaí (FMJ), São Paulo, Brazil,Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine of Jundiaí (FMJ), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Clóvis Antônio Lopes Pinto
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine of Jundiaí (FMJ), São Paulo, Brazil,Department of Morphology and Basic Pathology, Faculty of Medicine of Jundiaí (FMJ), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tuula Salo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ricardo D. Coletta
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, School of Dentistry, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil,Graduate Program in Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Taize M. Augusto
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Cell Culture (LBMCC), Faculty of Medicine of Jundiaí (FMJ), Jundiaí, Brazil,Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine of Jundiaí (FMJ), São Paulo, Brazil,Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine of Jundiaí (FMJ), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carine Ervolino de Oliveira
- Department of Pathology and Parasitology, Universidade Federal de Alfenas (UNIFAL), Alfenas, Brazil,Graduate Program in Biological Science, Universidade Federal de Alfenas (UNIFAL), Alfenas, Brazil
| | - Nilva K. Cervigne
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Cell Culture (LBMCC), Faculty of Medicine of Jundiaí (FMJ), Jundiaí, Brazil,Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine of Jundiaí (FMJ), São Paulo, Brazil,Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine of Jundiaí (FMJ), São Paulo, Brazil,*Correspondence: Nilva K. Cervigne,
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Morisaka H, Takaishi M, Akira S, Sano S. Keratinocyte Regnase-1, a Downregulator of Skin Inflammation, Contributes to Protection against Tumor Promotion by Limiting Cyclooxygenase-2 Expression. J Invest Dermatol 2022; 143:731-739. [PMID: 36470473 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2022.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We previously showed that the ribonuclease Regnase-1 (Reg1) in keratinocytes plays a role in mitigating skin inflammation by downregulating proinflammatory cytokines. In this study, we explored whether Reg1 also has a protective role against skin carcinogenesis. The chemically induced two-stage carcinogenesis protocol revealed that epidermis-specific Reg1-deficient (Reg1-knockout [Reg1-cKO]) mice developed skin tumors with shorter latency and more multiplicity than control mice. In addition, repeated UVB irradiation readily provoked solar keratosis-like lesions in Reg1-cKO mice. Increased levels of cyclooxygenase 2, whose mRNA (Ptgs2) is reportedly a target of Reg1, have been known to be associated with the development of squamous cell carcinomas. Indeed, Ptgs2 mRNA levels were upregulated in the skin of Reg1-cKO mice after treatment with the tumor promoter 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate. The level of prostaglandin E2 was higher in 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate‒treated Reg1-cKO mouse skin than in control mice skin. Moreover, in vivo inhibition of cyclooxygenase 2 attenuated the 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate‒induced epidermal thickening in Reg1-cKO mice. Finally, REG1 knockdown in human squamous cell carcinomas lines enhanced PTGS2 mRNA levels after 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate treatment. In conclusion, epidermal Reg1 plays a regulatory role not only in skin inflammation but also in tumor promotion through the downregulation of cyclooxygenase 2. Therefore, forced expression of Reg1 under inflammatory conditions may be relevant to preventing skin cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Morisaka
- Department of Dermatology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Japan
| | - Mikiro Takaishi
- Department of Dermatology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Japan
| | - Shizuo Akira
- Laboratory of Host Defense, Immunology Frontier Research Center, World Premier Institute for Immunology, Osaka University, Suita, Japan; Department of Host Defense, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Shigetoshi Sano
- Department of Dermatology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Candido TZ, de Paiva REF, Figueiredo MC, de Oliveira Coser L, Frajácomo SCL, Abbehausen C, Cardinalli IA, Lustri WR, Carvalho JE, Ruiz ALTG, Corbi PP, Lima CSP. Silver Nimesulide Complex in Bacterial Cellulose Membranes as an Innovative Therapeutic Method for Topical Treatment of Skin Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14020462. [PMID: 35214194 PMCID: PMC8877292 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14020462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress and inflammation act on skin squamous cell carcinoma (SSCC) development and progression. Curative therapy for SSCC patients is mainly based on surgical resection, which can cause various sequelae. Silver ions have in vitro activities over tumor cells, while nimesulide has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a silver(I) complex with nimesulide (AgNMS) incorporated in a sustained release device based on bacterial cellulose membrane, named AgNMS@BCM, on topic SSCC treatment. The antiproliferative effect of AgNMS complex was evaluated in the SCC4, SCC15 and FaDu SCC lines. AgNMS complex activity on exposure of phosphatidylserine (PS) residues and multicaspase activation were evaluated on FaDu cells by flow cytometry. The AgNMS@BCM effects were evaluated in a SSCC model induced by 7,12-dimethylbenzanthracene/12-o-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (DMBA/TPA) in mice. Toxicity and tumor size were evaluated throughout the study. AgNMS complex showed antiproliferative activity in SCC15 and FaDu lines in low to moderate concentrations (67.3 µM and 107.3 µM, respectively), and induced multicaspase activation on FaDu cells. The AgNMS@BCM did not induce toxicity and reduced tumor size up to 100%. Thus, the application of AgNMS@BCM was effective and safe in SSCC treatment in mice, and can be seen as a potential and safe agent for topic treatment of SSCC in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tuany Zambroti Candido
- Department of Anesthesiology, Oncology and Radiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas 13083-887, SP, Brazil;
| | | | - Mariana Cecchetto Figueiredo
- Postgraduate Program in Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas 13083-887, SP, Brazil;
| | - Lilian de Oliveira Coser
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas 13083-887, SP, Brazil;
| | | | - Camilla Abbehausen
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas 13083-970, SP, Brazil; (R.E.F.d.P.); (C.A.); (P.P.C.)
| | | | - Wilton Rogerio Lustri
- Department of Biological and Health Sciences, University of Araraquara-UNIARA, Araraquara 14801-320, SP, Brazil; (S.C.L.F.); (W.R.L.)
| | - João Ernesto Carvalho
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas 13083-871, SP, Brazil; (J.E.C.); (A.L.T.G.R.)
| | - Ana Lucia Tasca Gois Ruiz
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas 13083-871, SP, Brazil; (J.E.C.); (A.L.T.G.R.)
| | - Pedro Paulo Corbi
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas 13083-970, SP, Brazil; (R.E.F.d.P.); (C.A.); (P.P.C.)
| | - Carmen Silvia Passos Lima
- Department of Anesthesiology, Oncology and Radiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas 13083-887, SP, Brazil;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-19-3521-9120
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Yen H, Yen H, Drucker AM, Han J, Li WQ, Li T, Qureshi A, Cho E. COX‐2‐Hemmer: Keine präventive Wirkung gegen Hautkrebs. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2022; 20:157-168. [PMID: 35146873 DOI: 10.1111/ddg.14649_g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hsuan Yen
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsi Yen
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Aaron M Drucker
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Women's College Research Institute and Department of Medicine, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Dermatology, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Jiali Han
- Department of Epidemiology, Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.,Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Wen-Qing Li
- Department of Dermatology, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Tricia Li
- Department of Dermatology, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Abrar Qureshi
- Department of Dermatology, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Eunyoung Cho
- Department of Dermatology, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Yen H, Yen H, Drucker AM, Han J, Li WQ, Li T, Qureshi A, Cho E. COX-2 inhibitors show no preventive effect in the development of skin cancer. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2022; 20:157-166. [PMID: 35088518 DOI: 10.1111/ddg.14649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some clinical trials found that cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor use lowered the risk of skin cancer in high-risk groups. PATIENTS AND METHODS To determine whether COX-2 inhibitor use is associated with lower risk of basal cell carcinoma (BCC), cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC), and melanoma, we analyzed COX-2 inhibitor use and risk of skin cancer based on three prospective cohort studies, the Nurses' Health Study (NHS), NHS II, and the Health Professionals Follow-up Study, including 153,882 participants. Multivariable hazard ratios (HRs) and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) for the association of COX-2 inhibitor use with risk of BCC, cSCC, and melanoma were estimated using Cox proportional hazards models. We pooled the results using a fixed effects model. RESULTS 16,142 BCC, 1,973 cSCC, and 631 melanoma cases were documented. Ever vs. never use of COX-2 inhibitor was associated with a modestly increased risk of BCC (multivariable HR 1.09, 95 % CI 1.05-1.14). The hazard ratio was similar for cSCC (multivariable HR 1.12, 95 % CI 1.00-1.27) and melanoma (multivariable HR 1.10, 95 % CI 0.89-1.38), but was not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS Ever use of COX-2 inhibitor was not associated with a decreased skin cancer risk but was instead associated with a modest, increased risk of BCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hsuan Yen
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsi Yen
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Aaron M Drucker
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Women's College Research Institute and Department of Medicine, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Dermatology, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Jiali Han
- Department of Epidemiology, Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Wen-Qing Li
- Department of Dermatology, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Tricia Li
- Department of Dermatology, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Abrar Qureshi
- Department of Dermatology, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eunyoung Cho
- Department of Dermatology, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Everts HB, Akuailou EN. Retinoids in Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Nutrients 2021; 13:E153. [PMID: 33466372 PMCID: PMC7824907 DOI: 10.3390/nu13010153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Animal studies as early as the 1920s suggested that vitamin A deficiency leads to squamous cell metaplasia in numerous epithelial tissues including the skin. However, humans usually die from vitamin A deficiency before cancers have time to develop. A recent long-term cohort study found that high dietary vitamin A reduced the risk of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC). cSCC is a form of nonmelanoma skin cancer that primarily occurs from excess exposure to ultraviolet light B (UVB). These cancers are expensive to treat and can lead to metastasis and death. Oral synthetic retinoids prevent the reoccurrence of cSCC, but side effects limit their use in chemoprevention. Several proteins involved in vitamin A metabolism and signaling are altered in cSCC, which may lead to retinoid resistance. The expression of vitamin A metabolism proteins may also have prognostic value. This article reviews what is known about natural and synthetic retinoids and their metabolism in cSCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helen B Everts
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Texas Woman's University, Denton, TX 76209, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Werner M, Pace S, Czapka A, Jordan PM, Gerstmeier J, Koeberle A, Werz O. Communication between human macrophages and epithelial cancer cell lines dictates lipid mediator biosynthesis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:4365-4378. [PMID: 31894359 PMCID: PMC11104889 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03413-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In tumors, cancer cells coexist and communicate with macrophages that can promote tumorigenesis via pro-inflammatory signals. Lipid mediators (LMs), produced mainly by cyclooxygenases (COXs) or lipoxygenases (LOs), display a variety of biological functions with advantageous or deleterious consequences for tumors. Here, we investigated how the communication between human monocyte-derived M2-like macrophages (MDM) and cancer cells affects LM biosynthesis using LM metabololipidomics. Coculture of human MDM with human A549 epithelial lung carcinoma cells, separated by a semipermeable membrane, increased LM formation by MDM upon subsequent activation. Strongest effects were observed on 5-LO-derived LM. While expression of the 5-LO pathway was not altered, p38 MAPK and the downstream MAPKAPK-2 that phosphorylates and stimulates 5-LO were more susceptible for activation in MDM upon precedent coculture with A549 cells as compared to monocultures. Accordingly, the p38 MAPK inhibitor Skepinone-L selectively prevented this increase in 5-LO product formation. Also, 5-LO-/15-LO-derived LM including lipoxin A4, resolvin D2 and D5 were elevated after coculture with A549 cells, correlating to increased 15-LO-1 protein levels. In contrast to cancer cells, coincubation with non-transformed human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) did not affect LM production in MDM. Vice versa, MDM increased COX-2 protein expression and COX-mediated prostanoid formation in cancer cells. Conclusively, our data reveal that the communication between MDM and cancer cells can strikingly modulate the biosynthetic capacities to produce bioactive LM with potential relevance for tumor biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Markus Werner
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Philosophenweg 14, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Simona Pace
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Philosophenweg 14, 07743, Jena, Germany.
| | - Anna Czapka
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Philosophenweg 14, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Paul M Jordan
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Philosophenweg 14, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Jana Gerstmeier
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Philosophenweg 14, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Andreas Koeberle
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Philosophenweg 14, 07743, Jena, Germany
- Michael Popp Research Institute, University of Innsbruck, Mitterweg 24, 6020, Innsbruck, Germany
| | - Oliver Werz
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Philosophenweg 14, 07743, Jena, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Expression of Cyclooxygenase-2 in Human Epithelial Skin Lesions: A Systematic Review of Immunohistochemical Studies. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2020; 29:163-174. [PMID: 32889812 DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000000871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Permanent, elevated expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in keratinocytes of epidermis can stimulate its hyperplasia and constitute a factor promoting cancer development, as demonstrated in animal models. Intratumoral level and localization of COX-2 in epithelial lesions of human skin was examined immunohistochemically in 26 studies. In squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs), strong staining was observed with great compatibility. High COX-2 detectability throughout the entire tumor mass could be helpful in the finding of SCC cells. However, in basal cell carcinomas, and precancerous lesions, frequency and detection level of this protein, as well as the type and/or localization of stained cells within the tumor, varied among different research groups. The discrepancies may be due to the heterogeneity of each of these 2 groups of lesions. However, differences in COX-2 staining in normal skin indicate also possible methodological reasons. In general, COX-2 levels were significantly decreased in basal cell carcinomas compared with SCCs, which could be used in the differential diagnosis of these cancers. Reduced, although heterogenous, COX-2 expression in precancerous lesions may suggest its association with SCC development. These observations are consistent with data on the efficacy of preventive and therapeutic effects of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs that are COX-2 inhibitors.
Collapse
|
12
|
Are FDA-Approved Sunscreen Components Effective in Preventing Solar UV-Induced Skin Cancer? Cells 2020; 9:cells9071674. [PMID: 32664608 PMCID: PMC7407267 DOI: 10.3390/cells9071674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Solar ultraviolet (SUV) exposure is a major risk factor in the etiology of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC). People commonly use sunscreens to prevent SUV-induced skin damage and cancer. Nonetheless, the prevalence of cSCC continues to increase every year, suggesting that commercially available sunscreens might not be used appropriately or are not completely effective. In the current study, a solar simulated light (SSL)-induced cSCC mouse model was used to investigate the efficacy of eight commonly used FDA-approved sunscreen components against skin carcinogenesis. First, we tested FDA-approved sunscreen components for their ability to block UVA or UVB irradiation by using VITRO-SKIN (a model that mimics human skin properties), and then the efficacy of FDA-approved sunscreen components was investigated in an SSL-induced cSCC mouse model. Our results identified which FDA-approved sunscreen components or combinations are effective in preventing cSCC development. Not surprisingly, the results indicated that sunscreen combinations that block both UVA and UVB significantly suppressed the formation of cutaneous papillomas and cSCC development and decreased the activation of oncoproteins and the expression of COX-2, keratin 17, and EGFR in SSL-exposed SKH-1 (Crl:SKH1-Hrhr) hairless mouse skin. Notably, several sunscreen components that were individually purported to block both UVA and UVB were ineffective alone. At least one component had toxic effects that led to a high mortality rate in mice exposed to SSL. Our findings provide new insights into the development of the best sunscreen to prevent chronic SUV-induced cSCC development.
Collapse
|
13
|
Musser ML, Viall AK, Phillips RL, Hostetter JM, Johannes CM. Gene expression of prostaglandin EP4 receptor in three canine carcinomas. BMC Vet Res 2020; 16:213. [PMID: 32571310 PMCID: PMC7310232 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-020-02431-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic inflammation mediated by the cyclooxygenase enzymes, specifically their product prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), can result in the development of cancer. PGE2 promotes cell proliferation, apoptosis, and angiogenesis through interaction with its specific receptors (EP1 receptor - EP4 receptor [EP1R-EP4R]). In multiple human cancers, the expression of EP4R is associated with the development of malignancy and a poor prognosis. The expression of EP4R has not yet been evaluated in canine tumors. The aim of this study was to characterize the mRNA gene expression of EP4R (ptger4) in canine squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), apocrine gland anal sac adenocarcinoma (AGASACA), and transitional cell carcinoma (TCC). Archived tumor samples of canine cutaneous SCC (n = 9), AGASACA (n = 9), and TCC (n = 9), and matched archived normal tissue controls were evaluated for mRNA expression of canine EP4R using RNA in situ hybridization (RNAscope®). Quantification of RNAscope® signals in tissue sections was completed with an advanced digital pathology image analysis system (HALO). Data was expressed as copy number, H-index, and percent tumor cell expression of EP4R. RESULTS In all canine SCC, AGASACA, and TCC samples evaluated, strong universal positive expression of EP4R was identified. For SCC and AGASACA, mRNA EP4R expression was statistically higher than that of their respective normal tissues. The TCC tissues displayed significantly less mRNA EP4R expression when compared to normal bladder mucosa. CONCLUSIONS These results confirm the mRNA expression of canine EP4R in all tumor types evaluated, with SCC and AGASACA displaying the highest expression, and TCC displaying the lowest expression. This study also represents the first reported veterinary evaluation of EP4R expression using the novel in situ hybridization technique, RNAscope®.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Margaret L Musser
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, IA, USA.
| | - Austin K Viall
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Rachel L Phillips
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Jesse M Hostetter
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, IA, USA.,Present address: University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, 501 D.W. Brooks Drive, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Chad M Johannes
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, IA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Shim JH. Prostaglandin E2 Induces Skin Aging via E-Prostanoid 1 in Normal Human Dermal Fibroblasts. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20225555. [PMID: 31703303 PMCID: PMC6887779 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20225555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Collagen type I production decreases with aging, leading to wrinkles and impaired skin function. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), a lipid-derived signaling molecule produced from arachidonic acid by cyclo-oxygenase, inhibits collagen production, and induces matrix metallopeptidase 1 (MMP1) expression by fibroblasts in vitro. PGE2-induced collagen expression inhibition and MMP1 promotion are aging mechanisms. This study investigated the role of E-prostanoid 1 (EP1) in PGE2 signaling in normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDFs). When EP1 expression was inhibited by EP1 small interfering RNA (siRNA), there were no significant changes in messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of collagen, type I, alpha 1 (COL1A1)/MMP1 between siRNA-transfected NHDFs and siRNA-transfected NHDFs with PGE2. This result showed that EP1 is a PGE2 receptor. Extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) phosphorylation after PGE2 treatment significantly increased by ~2.5 times. In addition, PGE2 treatment increased the intracellular Ca2+ concentration in NHDFs. These results indicated that PGE2 is directly associated with EP1 pathway-regulated ERK1/2 and inositol trisphosphate (IP3) signaling in NHDFs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joong Hyun Shim
- Science & Engineering Bldg, Faculty of Cosmetics and Beauty biotechnology, Semyung University, 65 Semyung-ro, Jecheon, Chungbuk 390-711, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Vollono L, Falconi M, Gaziano R, Iacovelli F, Dika E, Terracciano C, Bianchi L, Campione E. Potential of Curcumin in Skin Disorders. Nutrients 2019; 11:E2169. [PMID: 31509968 PMCID: PMC6770633 DOI: 10.3390/nu11092169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Curcumin is a compound isolated from turmeric, a plant known for its medicinal use. Recently, there is a growing interest in the medical community in identifying novel, low-cost, safe molecules that may be used in the treatment of inflammatory and neoplastic diseases. An increasing amount of evidence suggests that curcumin may represent an effective agent in the treatment of several skin conditions. We examined the most relevant in vitro and in vivo studies published to date regarding the use of curcumin in inflammatory, neoplastic, and infectious skin diseases, providing information on its bioavailability and safety profile. Moreover, we performed a computational analysis about curcumin's interaction towards the major enzymatic targets identified in the literature. Our results suggest that curcumin may represent a low-cost, well-tolerated, effective agent in the treatment of skin diseases. However, bypass of limitations of its in vivo use (low oral bioavailability, metabolism) is essential in order to conduct larger clinical trials that could confirm these observations. The possible use of curcumin in combination with traditional drugs and the formulations of novel delivery systems represent a very promising field for future applicative research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Vollono
- Dermatology Unit, Department of "Medicina dei Sistemi", University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier, 1-00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Mattia Falconi
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 1-00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Gaziano
- Microbiology Section, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier, 1-00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Federico Iacovelli
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 1-00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Emi Dika
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine-DIMES, University of Bologna, Via Massarenti, 1-40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Chiara Terracciano
- Neurology Unit, Guglielmo de Saliceto Hospital, 29121-29122 Piacenza, Italy
| | - Luca Bianchi
- Dermatology Unit, Department of "Medicina dei Sistemi", University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier, 1-00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Campione
- Dermatology Unit, Department of "Medicina dei Sistemi", University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier, 1-00133 Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Choi SH, Lee SH, Kim MG, Lee HJ, Kim GB. Lactobacillus plantarum CAU1055 ameliorates inflammation in lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW264.7 cells and a dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis animal model. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:6718-6725. [PMID: 31155246 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-16197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to screen lactic acid bacteria (LAB) for their anti-inflammatory activity by using RAW264.7 cells and dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis. In all, 192 LAB strains were isolated from healthy human feces, of which 8 strains showed excellent nitric oxide (NO) inhibitory activity. Peptidoglycan extracts of these 8 LAB strains were subjected to NO assay, Western blot, and ELISA. Among the 8 tested strains, extracts of 4 strains significantly inhibited the production of NO, related enzyme activities such as inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase 2, and key cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α and IL-6 in RAW264.7 cells. The 4 strains belonged to Lactobacillus (CAU1054, CAU1055, CAU1064, and CAU1301). Oral administration of the 4 strains inhibited DSS-induced body weight loss, colon shortening, and colon damage in ICR mice. The colon tissue of the mice treated with Lactobacillus plantarum strain CAU1055 had significantly reduced levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase 2, tumor necrosis factor-α, and IL-6. We found that strain CAU1055 could be used as a candidate probiotic strain for the prevention and treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. Further studies are warranted to confirm the mechanisms of interaction between peptidoglycan of L. plantarum strain CAU1055 and upstream cellular signaling mediators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Hae Choi
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Korea
| | - Sun-Hee Lee
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Korea
| | - Min Gon Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Korea
| | - Hong Jin Lee
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Korea.
| | - Geun-Bae Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Role of PGE-2 and Other Inflammatory Mediators in Skin Aging and Their Inhibition by Topical Natural Anti-Inflammatories. COSMETICS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/cosmetics6010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Human skin aging is due to two types of aging processes, “intrinsic” (chronological) aging and “extrinsic” (external factor mediated) aging. While inflammatory events, triggered mainly by sun exposure, but also by pollutants, smoking and stress, are the principle cause of rapid extrinsic aging, inflammation also plays a key role in intrinsic aging. Inflammatory events in the skin lead to a reduction in collagen gene activity but an increase in activity of the genes for matrix metalloproteinases. Inflammation also alters proliferation rates of cells in all skin layers, causes thinning of the epidermis, a flattening of the dermo-epidermal junction, an increase in irregular pigment production, and, finally, an increased incidence of skin cancer. While a large number of inflammatory mediators, including IL-1, TNF-alpha and PGE-2, are responsible for many of these damaging effects, this review will focus primarily on the role of PGE-2 in aging. Levels of this hormone-like mediator increase quickly when skin is exposed to ultraviolet radiation (UVR), causing changes in genes needed for normal skin structure and function. Further, PGE-2 levels in the skin gradually increase with age, regardless of whether or not the skin is protected from UVR, and this smoldering inflammation causes continuous damage to the dermal matrix. Finally, and perhaps most importantly, PGE-2 is strongly linked to skin cancer. This review will focus on: (1) the role of inflammation, and particularly the role of PGE-2, in accelerating skin aging, and (2) current research on natural compounds that inhibit PGE-2 production and how these can be developed into topical products to retard or even reverse the aging process, and to prevent skin cancer.
Collapse
|
18
|
Cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and COX-1 Inhibitors in Cancer: A Review of Oncology and Medicinal Chemistry Literature. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2018; 11:ph11040101. [PMID: 30314310 PMCID: PMC6316056 DOI: 10.3390/ph11040101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostaglandins and thromboxane are lipid signaling molecules deriving from arachidonic acid by the action of the cyclooxygenase isoenzymes COX-1 and COX-2. The role of cyclooxygenases (particularly COX-2) and prostaglandins (particularly PGE₂) in cancer-related inflammation has been extensively investigated. In contrast, COX-1 has received less attention, although its expression increases in several human cancers and a pathogenetic role emerges from experimental models. COX-1 and COX-2 isoforms seem to operate in a coordinate manner in cancer pathophysiology, especially in the tumorigenesis process. However, in some cases, exemplified by the serous ovarian carcinoma, COX-1 plays a pivotal role, suggesting that other histopathological and molecular subtypes of cancer disease could share this feature. Importantly, the analysis of functional implications of COX-1-signaling, as well as of pharmacological action of COX-1-selective inhibitors, should not be restricted to the COX pathway and to the effects of prostaglandins already known for their ability of affecting the tumor phenotype. A knowledge-based choice of the most appropriate tumor cell models, and a major effort in investigating the COX-1 issue in the more general context of arachidonic acid metabolic network by using the systems biology approaches, should be strongly encouraged.
Collapse
|
19
|
Targeting PRPK and TOPK for skin cancer prevention and therapy. Oncogene 2018; 37:5633-5647. [PMID: 29904102 PMCID: PMC6195829 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0350-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Solar ultraviolet (sUV) irradiation is a major environmental carcinogen that can cause inflammation and skin cancer. The costs and morbidity associated with skin cancer are increasing, and therefore identifying molecules that can help prevent skin carcinogenesis is important. In this study, we identified the p53-related protein kinase (PRPK) as a novel oncogenic protein that is phosphorylated by the T-LAK cell-originated protein kinase (TOPK). Knockdown of TOPK inhibited PRPK phosphorylation and conferred resistance to solar-simulated light (SSL)-induced skin carcinogenesis in mouse models. In the clinic, acute SSL irradiation significantly increased epidermal thickness as well as total protein and phosphorylation levels of TOPK and PRPK in human skin tissues. We identified two PRPK inhibitors, FDA-approved rocuronium bromide (Zemuron®) or betamethasone 17-valerate (Betaderm®) that could attenuate TOPK-dependent PRPK signaling. Importantly, topical application of either rocuronium bromide or betamethasone decreased SSL-induced epidermal hyperplasia, neovascularization, and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) development in SKH1 (Crl: SKH1-Hrhr) hairless mice by inhibiting PRPK activation, and also reduced expression of the proliferation and oncogenesis markers, COX-2, cyclin D1, and MMP-9. This study is the first to demonstrate that targeting PRPK could be useful against sUV-induced cSCC development.
Collapse
|
20
|
Voriconazole-induced photocarcinogenesis is promoted by aryl hydrocarbon receptor-dependent COX-2 upregulation. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5050. [PMID: 29568008 PMCID: PMC5864729 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-23439-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Voriconazole (VRCZ) induces the development of UV-associated skin cancers. The mechanism underlying the VRCZ-induced carcinogenesis has been largely unknown. Here, we showed that VRCZ metabolites plus UVA generated reactive oxygen species and resultant DNA damage of the epidermis, but did not induce substantial apoptosis in human keratinocytes (KCs). Furthermore, VRCZ per se stimulates aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and upregulates COX-2, which is a pivotal enzyme for the promotion of UV-associated tumors, in an AhR-ARNT dependent manner of the classical (genomic) pathway. Our findings suggest that the phototoxic moieties of VRCZ metabolites may participate in the initiation phase of VRCZ skin cancer, while VRCZ per se promotes the tumor development. Therefore, during VRCZ therapy, sun exposure protection is essential to prevent photocarcinogenesis caused by VRCZ metabolites plus UV. Chemoprevention with selective COX-2 inhibitors may be helpful to repress the development of skin cancers derived from DNA-damaged KCs.
Collapse
|
21
|
Tsukayama I, Toda K, Takeda Y, Mega T, Tanaka M, Kawakami Y, Takahashi Y, Kimoto M, Yamamoto K, Miki Y, Murakami M, Suzuki-Yamamoto T. Preventive effect of Dioscorea japonica on squamous cell carcinoma of mouse skin involving down-regulation of prostaglandin E 2 synthetic pathway. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2018; 62:139-147. [PMID: 29610553 PMCID: PMC5874233 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.17-54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperproduced prostaglandin E2 by cyclooxygenase-2 and microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 evokes several pathophysiological responses such as inflammation and carcinogenesis. Our recent study demonstrated that Dioscorea japonica extract suppressed the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 and microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 and induced apoptosis in lung carcinoma A549 cells. In the present study, we investigated the effects of Dioscorea japonica on squamous cell carcinoma of mouse skin. Dioscorea japonica feeding and Dioscorea japonica extract topical application suppressed the expression of cyclooxygenase-2, microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1, interleukin-1β and interleukin-6 and inhibited tumor formation, hyperplasia and inflammatory cell infiltration. Immunohistochemical analyses showed the immunoreactivities of cyclooxygenase-2 and microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 in tumor keratinocytes and stronger immunoreactivities of cyclooxygenase-2 and hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase in epidermal dendritic cells (Langerhans cells). Treatment with Dioscorea japonica decreased the immunoreactivity of cyclooxygenase-2 and microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1. These results indicate that Dioscorea japonica may have inhibitory effects on inflammation and carcinogenesis via suppression of the prostaglandin E2 synthetic pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Izumi Tsukayama
- Department of Nutritional Science, Okayama Prefectural University, 111 Kuboki, Soja, Okayama 719-1197, Japan
| | - Keisuke Toda
- Department of Nutritional Science, Okayama Prefectural University, 111 Kuboki, Soja, Okayama 719-1197, Japan
| | - Yasunori Takeda
- Department of Nutritional Science, Okayama Prefectural University, 111 Kuboki, Soja, Okayama 719-1197, Japan
| | - Takuto Mega
- Department of Nutritional Science, Okayama Prefectural University, 111 Kuboki, Soja, Okayama 719-1197, Japan
| | - Mitsuki Tanaka
- Department of Nutritional Science, Okayama Prefectural University, 111 Kuboki, Soja, Okayama 719-1197, Japan
| | - Yuki Kawakami
- Department of Nutritional Science, Okayama Prefectural University, 111 Kuboki, Soja, Okayama 719-1197, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Takahashi
- Department of Nutritional Science, Okayama Prefectural University, 111 Kuboki, Soja, Okayama 719-1197, Japan
| | - Masumi Kimoto
- Department of Nutritional Science, Okayama Prefectural University, 111 Kuboki, Soja, Okayama 719-1197, Japan
| | - Kei Yamamoto
- Lipid Metabolism Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan.,Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Science, Tokushima University, Minami-jyosanjima, Tokushima 770-8513, Japan.,PRIME, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Miki
- Lipid Metabolism Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan.,Laboratory of Microenvironmental and Metabolic Health Sciences, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Makoto Murakami
- Lipid Metabolism Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan.,Laboratory of Microenvironmental and Metabolic Health Sciences, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan.,AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
| | - Toshiko Suzuki-Yamamoto
- Department of Nutritional Science, Okayama Prefectural University, 111 Kuboki, Soja, Okayama 719-1197, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Lin TK, Zhong L, Santiago JL. Anti-Inflammatory and Skin Barrier Repair Effects of Topical Application of Some Plant Oils. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 19:E70. [PMID: 29280987 PMCID: PMC5796020 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19010070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant oils have been utilized for a variety of purposes throughout history, with their integration into foods, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical products. They are now being increasingly recognized for their effects on both skin diseases and the restoration of cutaneous homeostasis. This article briefly reviews the available data on biological influences of topical skin applications of some plant oils (olive oil, olive pomace oil, sunflower seed oil, coconut oil, safflower seed oil, argan oil, soybean oil, peanut oil, sesame oil, avocado oil, borage oil, jojoba oil, oat oil, pomegranate seed oil, almond oil, bitter apricot oil, rose hip oil, German chamomile oil, and shea butter). Thus, it focuses on the therapeutic benefits of these plant oils according to their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects on the skin, promotion of wound healing and repair of skin barrier.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Kai Lin
- Department of Dermatology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan.
| | - Lily Zhong
- California State University, Los Angeles, School of Nursing, 5151 State University Dr, Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA.
| | - Juan Luis Santiago
- Dermatology Service & Translational Research Unit (UIT), Hospital General Universitario de Ciudad Real, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Han ZQ, Liao H, Shi F, Chen XP, Hu HC, Tian MQ, Wang LH, Ying S. Inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 sensitizes lung cancer cells to radiation-induced apoptosis. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:5959-5965. [PMID: 29113232 PMCID: PMC5661612 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy resistance is an enduring major setback in lung cancer therapy, and is responsible for a large proportion of treatment failures. In previous years, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) has frequently been reported to promote tumor occurrence and development, suggesting a potential role in radiotherapy resistance. To investigate whether COX-2 inhibitors can be applied in radiosensitization, an MTT assay was performed to examine cell viability after X-ray radiation in the presence or absence of the specific COX-2 inhibitor Celecoxib. Cell apoptosis and cell cycle changes were also detected through laser confocal scanning microcopy and flow cytometry. X-ray treatment only caused mild cell death in lung cancer A549 cells. However, combination treatment using celecoxib and X-ray radiation exhibited improved inhibitory effects and significantly suppressed cell proliferation. Therefore, COX-2 inhibitors combined with radiotherapy can counteract radiation-induced high COX-2 expression, demonstrating that celecoxib can function as a radiosensitizer of lung cancer cells. It is therefore reasonable to predict COX-2 inhibitors to be potential clinical radiotherapy synergists.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Qiang Han
- Department of Respiratory Internal Medicine, People's Hospital of Quzhou City, Quzhou, Zhejiang 324000, P.R. China
| | - Hongwei Liao
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P.R. China
| | - Feng Shi
- Department of Respiratory Internal Medicine, People's Hospital of Quzhou City, Quzhou, Zhejiang 324000, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Ping Chen
- Department of Respiratory Internal Medicine, People's Hospital of Quzhou City, Quzhou, Zhejiang 324000, P.R. China
| | - Hua-Cheng Hu
- Department of Respiratory Internal Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Suzhou University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, P.R. China
| | - Ming-Qing Tian
- Department of Respiratory Internal Medicine, People's Hospital of Quzhou City, Quzhou, Zhejiang 324000, P.R. China
| | - Li-Hua Wang
- Department of Respiratory Internal Medicine, People's Hospital of Quzhou City, Quzhou, Zhejiang 324000, P.R. China
| | - Songmin Ying
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Bakshi A, Chaudhary SC, Rana M, Elmets CA, Athar M. Basal cell carcinoma pathogenesis and therapy involving hedgehog signaling and beyond. Mol Carcinog 2017; 56:2543-2557. [PMID: 28574612 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) of the skin is driven by aberrant hedgehog signaling. Thus blocking this signaling pathway by small molecules such as vismodegib inhibits tumor growth. Primary cilium in the epidermal cells plays an integral role in the processing of hedgehog signaling-related proteins. Recent genomic studies point to the involvement of additional genetic mutations that might be associated with the development of BCCs, suggesting significance of other signaling pathways, such as WNT, NOTCH, mTOR, and Hippo, aside from hedgehog in the pathogenesis of this human neoplasm. Some of these pathways could be regulated by noncoding microRNA. Altered microRNA expression profile is recognized with the progression of these lesions. Stopping treatment with Smoothened (SMO) inhibitors often leads to tumor reoccurrence in the patients with basal cell nevus syndrome, who develop 10-100 of BCCs. In addition, the initial effectiveness of these SMO inhibitors is impaired due to the onset of mutations in the drug-binding domain of SMO. These data point to a need to develop strategies to overcome tumor recurrence and resistance and to enhance efficacy by developing novel single agent-based or multiple agents-based combinatorial approaches. Immunotherapy and photodynamic therapy could be additional successful approaches particularly if developed in combination with chemotherapy for inoperable and metastatic BCCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anshika Bakshi
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Diseases Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.,Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Sandeep C Chaudhary
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Diseases Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Mehtab Rana
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Diseases Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Craig A Elmets
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Diseases Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Mohammad Athar
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Diseases Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Ren KW, Li YH, Wu G, Ren JZ, Lu HB, Li ZM, Han XW. Quercetin nanoparticles display antitumor activity via proliferation inhibition and apoptosis induction in liver cancer cells. Int J Oncol 2017; 50:1299-1311. [DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2017.3886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
|
26
|
Thomas GJ, Morton CA. Cyclooxygenase in Cancer Prevention and Treatments for Actinic Keratosis. Dermatol Ther (Heidelb) 2017; 7:21-29. [PMID: 28150108 PMCID: PMC5289117 DOI: 10.1007/s13555-016-0166-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are a chemically diverse class of drugs that target the cyclooxygenase (COX) pathway and have anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic properties. Elevated expression of COX-2 has been associated with tumor progression in skin cancer through multiple mechanisms. We present evidence for a chemoprotective effect of NSAIDs and discuss potential mechanisms of action of COX-2 in cancer. We also discuss the challenges associated with the treatment of actinic keratosis and the factors that should be taken into consideration when selecting a treatment regimen. A range of treatments are reviewed, with an emphasis on combination therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gareth J Thomas
- Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
| | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Gracia-Cazaña T, Salazar N, Zamarrón A, Mascaraque M, Lucena S, Juarranz Á. Resistance of Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer to Nonsurgical Treatments. Part II: Photodynamic Therapy, Vismodegib, Cetuximab, Intralesional Methotrexate, and Radiotherapy. ACTAS DERMO-SIFILIOGRAFICAS 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.adengl.2016.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
|
28
|
Gracia-Cazaña T, Salazar N, Zamarrón A, Mascaraque M, Lucena SR, Juarranz Á. Resistance of Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer to Nonsurgical Treatments. Part II: Photodynamic Therapy, Vismodegib, Cetuximab, Intralesional Methotrexate, and Radiotherapy. ACTAS DERMO-SIFILIOGRAFICAS 2016; 107:740-750. [PMID: 27436804 DOI: 10.1016/j.ad.2016.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2016] [Revised: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A wide range of treatments is now available for nonmelanoma skin cancer, including 5-fluorouracil, ingenol mebutate, imiquimod, diclofenac, photodynamic therapy, methotrexate, cetuximab, vismodegib, and radiotherapy. All are associated with high clinical and histologic response rates. However, some tumors do not respond due to resistance, which may be primary or acquired. Study of the resistance processes is a broad area of research that aims to increase our understanding of the nature of each tumor and the biologic features that make it resistant, as well as to facilitate the design of new therapies directed against these tumors. In this second article, having covered the topical treatments of nonmelanoma skin cancer, we review resistance to other nonsurgical treatments, such as monoclonal antibodies against basal and squamous cell carcinomas, intralesional chemotherapy, photodynamic therapy, and radiotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Gracia-Cazaña
- Unidad de Dermatología, Hospital de Barbastro, Barbastro, Huesca, España; Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud, Zaragoza, España.
| | - N Salazar
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, España
| | - A Zamarrón
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, España
| | - M Mascaraque
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, España
| | - S R Lucena
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, España
| | - Á Juarranz
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, España
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Brinkhuizen T, Frencken KJ, Nelemans PJ, Hoff ML, Kelleners-Smeets NW, zur Hausen A, van der Horst MP, Rennspiess D, Winnepenninckx VJ, van Steensel MA, Mosterd K. The effect of topical diclofenac 3% and calcitriol 3 μg/g on superficial basal cell carcinoma (sBCC) and nodular basal cell carcinoma (nBCC): A phase II, randomized controlled trial. J Am Acad Dermatol 2016; 75:126-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2016.01.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Revised: 01/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
30
|
von Maltzan K, Li Y, Rundhaug JE, Hudson LG, Fischer SM, Kusewitt DF. Role of the Slug Transcription Factor in Chemically-Induced Skin Cancer. J Clin Med 2016; 5:jcm5020021. [PMID: 26848699 PMCID: PMC4773777 DOI: 10.3390/jcm5020021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Revised: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The Slug transcription factor plays an important role in ultraviolet radiation (UVR)-induced skin carcinogenesis, particularly in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) occurring during tumor progression. In the present studies, we investigated the role of Slug in two-stage chemical skin carcinogenesis. Slug and the related transcription factor Snail were expressed at high levels in skin tumors induced by 7,12-dimethylbenz[α]anthracene application followed by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) treatment. TPA-induced transient elevation of Slug and Snail proteins in normal mouse epidermis and studies in Slug transgenic mice indicated that Slug modulates TPA-induced epidermal hyperplasia and cutaneous inflammation. Although Snail family factors have been linked to inflammation via interactions with the cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) pathway, a pathway that also plays an important role in skin carcinogenesis, transient TPA induction of Slug and Snail appeared unrelated to COX-2 expression. In cultured human keratinocytes, TPA induced Snail mRNA expression while suppressing Slug expression, and this differential regulation was due specifically to activation of the TPA receptor. These studies show that Slug and Snail exhibit similar patterns of expression during both UVR and chemical skin carcinogenesis, that Slug and Snail can be differentially regulated under some conditions and that in vitro findings may not recapitulate in vivo results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristine von Maltzan
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, P.O. Box 389, Smithville, TX 78957, USA.
| | - Yafan Li
- Program in Toxicology and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, MSC 09 5360, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
| | - Joyce E Rundhaug
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, P.O. Box 389, Smithville, TX 78957, USA.
| | - Laurie G Hudson
- Program in Toxicology and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, MSC 09 5360, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
| | - Susan M Fischer
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, P.O. Box 389, Smithville, TX 78957, USA.
| | - Donna F Kusewitt
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, P.O. Box 389, Smithville, TX 78957, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Chaudhary SC, Tang X, Arumugam A, Li C, Srivastava RK, Weng Z, Xu J, Zhang X, Kim AL, McKay K, Elmets CA, Kopelovich L, Bickers DR, Athar M. Shh and p50/Bcl3 signaling crosstalk drives pathogenesis of BCCs in Gorlin syndrome. Oncotarget 2015; 6:36789-814. [PMID: 26413810 PMCID: PMC4742211 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome (NBCCS) is a rare autosomal dominant disorder that is due, in large measure, to aberrant Shh signaling driven by mutations in the tumor suppressor gene Ptch1. Here, we describe the development of Ptch1+/-/ SKH-1 mice as a novel model of this disease. These animals manifest many features of NBCCS, including developmental anomalies and are remarkably sensitive to both ultraviolet (UVB) and ionizing radiation that drive the development of multiple BCCs. Just as in patients with NBCCS, Ptch1+/-/SKH-1 also spontaneously develops BCCs and other neoplasms such as rhabdomyomas/rhabdomyosarcomas. Administration of smoothened inhibitors (vismodegib/itraconazole/cyclopamine) or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (sulindac/sulfasalazine) each result in partial resolution of BCCs in these animals. However, combined administration of these agents inhibits the growth of UVB-induced BCCs by >90%. Employing small molecule- and decoy-peptide-based approaches we further affirm that complete remission of BCCs could only be achieved by combined inhibition of p50-NFκB/Bcl3 and Shh signaling. We posit that Ptch1+/-/SKH-1 mice are a novel and relevant animal model for NBCCS. Understanding mechanisms that govern genetic predisposition to BCCs should facilitate our ability to identify and treat NBCCS gene carriers, including those at risk for sporadic BCCs while accelerating development of novel therapeutic modalities for these patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep C. Chaudhary
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294-0019, USA
| | - Xiuwei Tang
- Department of Dermatology, College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Aadithya Arumugam
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294-0019, USA
| | - Changzhao Li
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294-0019, USA
| | - Ritesh K. Srivastava
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294-0019, USA
| | - Zhiping Weng
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294-0019, USA
| | - Jianmin Xu
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294-0019, USA
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294-0019, USA
- Present address: Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Arianna L. Kim
- Department of Dermatology, College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Kristopher McKay
- Division of Dermatopathology, Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294-4550, USA
| | - Craig A. Elmets
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294-0019, USA
| | - Levy Kopelovich
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - David R. Bickers
- Department of Dermatology, College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Mohammad Athar
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294-0019, USA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Campione E, Paternò EJ, Candi E, Falconi M, Costanza G, Diluvio L, Terrinoni A, Bianchi L, Orlandi A. The relevance of piroxicam for the prevention and treatment of nonmelanoma skin cancer and its precursors. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2015; 9:5843-50. [PMID: 26604686 PMCID: PMC4630202 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s84849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Piroxicam (PXM), a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, is an enolic benzothiazine and a potent member of the oxicam series. The drug suppresses the synthesis of proinflammatory enzymes, such as cyclo-oxygenases-1 and -2 (COX-1 and 2), downregulates the production of prostaglandins (PGs) and tromboxanes, and inhibits polyamines production by blocking ornithine decarboxylase induction involved in nonmelanoma skin carcinogenesis. In addition, PXM is able to induce tumor cell apoptosis and suppresses metalloproteinase 2 activities. Skin carcinogenesis is a multistep process in which the accumulation of genetic events leads to a gradually dysplastic cellular expression, deregulation of cell growth, and carcinomatous progression. COX-1 upregulation plays a significant role in PG and vascular epidermal growth factor production supporting tumor growth. Increased level of PGs in premalignant and/or malignant cutaneous tumors is also favored by upregulation of COX-2 and downregulation of the tumor suppressor gene 15-hydroxy-prostaglandin dehydrogenase. Chemoprevention can be a hopeful approach to inhibit carcinoma occurrence before an invasive tumor develops. The chemopreventive effect of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on nonmelanoma skin cancers has been established. In this study, we highlighted the different modalities of action of PXM on the pathogenesis of nonmelanoma skin cancer, analyzing and evaluating binding modes and energies between COX-1 or COX-2 and PXM by protein–ligand molecular docking. Our clinical experience about the local use of PXM on actinic keratoses and field cancerization is also reported, confirming its efficacy as target therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Campione
- Department of Dermatology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata" Rome, Italy
| | | | - Eleonora Candi
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome "Tor Vergata" Rome, Italy ; Biochemistry Laboratory IDI-IRCCS, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata" Rome, Italy
| | - Mattia Falconi
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata" Rome, Italy
| | - Gaetana Costanza
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome "Tor Vergata" Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Diluvio
- Department of Dermatology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata" Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Terrinoni
- Biochemistry Laboratory IDI-IRCCS, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata" Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Bianchi
- Department of Dermatology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata" Rome, Italy
| | - Augusto Orlandi
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome "Tor Vergata" Rome, Italy ; Institute of Anatomic Pathology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata" Rome, Italy ; Tor Vergata University-Policlinic of Rome, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Combined Treatments with Photodynamic Therapy for Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:25912-33. [PMID: 26516853 PMCID: PMC4632833 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161025912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2015] [Revised: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) is the most common form of cancer in the Caucasian population. Among NMSC types, basal cell carcinoma (BCC) has the highest incidence and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is less common although it can metastasize, accounting for the majority of NMSC-related deaths. Treatment options for NMSC include both surgical and non-surgical modalities. Even though surgical approaches are most commonly used to treat these lesions, Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) has the advantage of being a non-invasive option, and capable of field treatment, providing optimum cosmetic outcomes. Numerous clinical research studies have shown the efficacy of PDT for treating pre-malignant and malignant NMSC. However, resistant or recurrent tumors appear and sometimes become more aggressive. In this sense, the enhancement of PDT effectiveness by combining it with other therapeutic modalities has become an interesting field in NMSC research. Depending on the characteristics and the type of tumor, PDT can be applied in combination with immunomodulatory (Imiquimod) and chemotherapeutic (5-fluorouracil, methotrexate, diclofenac, or ingenol mebutate) agents, inhibitors of some molecules implicated in the carcinogenic process (COX2 or MAPK), surgical techniques, or even radiotherapy. These new strategies open the way to a wider improvement of the prevention and eradication of skin cancer.
Collapse
|
34
|
Correia de Sá TR, Silva R, Lopes JM. Basal cell carcinoma of the skin (part 1): epidemiology, pathology and genetic syndromes. Future Oncol 2015; 11:3011-21. [PMID: 26449153 DOI: 10.2217/fon.15.246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common skin cancer worldwide with increasing incidence, but difficult to assess due to the current under registration practice. Despite the low mortality rate, BCC is a cause of great morbidity and an economic burden to health services. There are several risk factors that increase the risk of BCC and partly explain its incidence. Low-penetrance susceptibility alleles, as well as genetic alterations in signaling pathways, namely SHH pathway, also contribute to the carcinogenesis. BCC associate with several genetic syndromes, of which basal cell nevus syndrome is the most common.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Roberto Silva
- Faculty of Medicine, Porto University, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal
| | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Age-Associated Increase in Skin Fibroblast-Derived Prostaglandin E2 Contributes to Reduced Collagen Levels in Elderly Human Skin. J Invest Dermatol 2015; 135:2181-2188. [PMID: 25905589 PMCID: PMC4537382 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2015.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Revised: 03/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Production of type I collagen declines during aging, leading to skin thinning and impaired function. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is a pleiotropic lipid mediator that is synthesized from arachidonic acid by the sequential actions of cyclooxygenases (COX) and PGE synthases (PTGES). PGE2 inhibits collagen production by fibroblasts in vitro. We report that PTGES1 and COX2 progressively increase with aging in sun-protected human skin. PTGES1 and COX2 mRNA were increased 3.4-fold and 2.7-fold, respectively, in the dermis of elderly (>80 years) versus young (21-30 years) individuals. Fibroblasts were the major cell source of both enzymes. PGE2 levels were increased 70% in elderly skin. Fibroblasts in aged skin display reduced spreading due to collagen fibril fragmentation. To investigate the relationship between spreading and PGE2 synthesis, fibroblasts were cultured on micropost arrays or hydrogels of varying mechanical compliance. Reduced spreading/mechanical force resulted in increased expression of both PTGES1 and COX2 and elevated levels of PGE2. Inhibition of PGE2 synthesis by diclofenac enhanced collagen production in skin organ cultures. These data suggest that reduced spreading/mechanical force of fibroblasts in aged skin elevates PGE2 production, contributing to reduced collagen production. Inhibition of PGE2 production may be therapeutically beneficial for combating age-associated collagen deficit in human skin.
Collapse
|
36
|
Agúndez JAG, Blanca M, Cornejo-García JA, García-Martín E. Pharmacogenomics of cyclooxygenases. Pharmacogenomics 2015; 16:501-22. [DOI: 10.2217/pgs.15.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclooxygenases (COX-1 and COX-2) are key enzymes in several physiopathological processes. Many adverse drugs reactions to NSAIDs are attributable to COX-inhibition. The genes coding for these enzymes (PTGS1 and PTGS2) are highly variable, and variations in these genes may underlie the risk of developing, or the clinical evolution of, several diseases and adverse drug reactions. We analyze major variations in the PTGS1 and PTGS2 genes, allele frequencies, functional consequences and population genetics. The most salient clinical associations of PTGS gene variations are related to colorectal cancer and stroke. In many studies, the SNPs interact with NSAIDs use, dietary or environmental factors. We provide an up-to-date catalog of PTGS clinical associations based on case–control studies and genome-wide association studies, and future research suggestions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José AG Agúndez
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
- Red de Investigación de Reacciones Adversas a Alergenos y Fármacos, Spain
| | - Miguel Blanca
- Red de Investigación de Reacciones Adversas a Alergenos y Fármacos, Spain
- Allergy Service, Carlos Haya Hospital, Málaga, Spain
| | - José A Cornejo-García
- Red de Investigación de Reacciones Adversas a Alergenos y Fármacos, Spain
- Allergy Service, Carlos Haya Hospital, Málaga, Spain
| | - Elena García-Martín
- Red de Investigación de Reacciones Adversas a Alergenos y Fármacos, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Gnoni A, Silvestris N, Licchetta A, Santini D, Scartozzi M, Ria R, Pisconti S, Petrelli F, Vacca A, Lorusso V. Metronomic chemotherapy from rationale to clinical studies: a dream or reality? Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2015; 95:46-61. [PMID: 25656744 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2015.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Revised: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Metronomic chemotherapy (MC) refers to the close administration of a chemotherapeutic drug for a long time with no extended drug-free breaks. It was developed to overcome drug resistance, partly by shifting the therapeutic target from tumor cells to the tumor vasculature, with less toxicity. Because of this peculiar way of administration, MC can be viewed as a form of long-term 'maintenance' treatment, and can be integrated with standard and conventional chemotherapy in a "chemo-switching" strategy. Additional mechanisms are involved in its antitumor activity, such as activation of immunity, induction of tumor dormancy, chemotherapy-driven dependency of cancer cells, and the '4D effect'. In this paper we report the most important studies that have analyzed these processes. In fact, a number of preclinical and clinical studies in solid tumors as well as in multiple myeloma, have been reported regarding several chemotherapy drugs which have been proposed with a metronomic schedule: vinorelbine, cyclophosphamide, capecitabine, methotrexate, bevacizumab, etoposide, gemcitabine, sorafenib, everolimus and temozolomide. The results of these studies have been sometimes conflicting, highlighting the need to develop reliable tools for patient selection and stratification. However, a more precise evaluation of MC strategies with the ongoing randomized phase II/III clinical is fundamental, because of the strict correlation of this approach with translational research and target therapy. Moreover, because of the low toxicity of MC, these studies will also help to better evaluate the clinical benefit of this treatment, with a special focus on elderly and low performance status patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Gnoni
- Medical Oncology Unit, Hospital Moscati, Taranto, Italy
| | - Nicola Silvestris
- Medical Oncology Unit, National Cancer Research Centre "Giovanni Paolo II", Bari, Italy
| | | | - Daniele Santini
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Campus Biomedico, Roma, Italy
| | - Mario Scartozzi
- Department of Medical Oncoloy, AOU Ospedali Riuniti, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Roberto Ria
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Section of Internal Medicine and Clinical Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Fausto Petrelli
- Medical Oncology Unit, Hospital of Treviglio, Treviglio, Italy
| | - Angelo Vacca
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Section of Internal Medicine and Clinical Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Vito Lorusso
- Medical Oncology Unit, National Cancer Research Centre "Giovanni Paolo II", Bari, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Zhao JA, Peng L, Geng CZ, Liu YP, Wang X, Yang HC, Wang SJ. Preventive effect of hydrazinocurcumin on carcinogenesis of diethylnitrosamine-induced hepatocarcinoma in male SD rats. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 15:2115-21. [PMID: 24716943 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.5.2115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the preventive effects of hydrazinocurcumin (HZC) on diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced hepatocarcinogenesis in a male Sprague Dawley (SD) rat model. One hundred and twenty male SD rats used in this study were divided into six groups. Those receiving DEN with curcumin (CUR) or HZC were studied compared with the DEN-alone group. The study demonstrated that DEN induced severe histological and immunohistochemical changes in liver tissues, significantly increasing the levels of liver marker enzymes (alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT) and total bilirubin level (TBL)). The hepatocarcinoma incidences were 100.0%, 36.7% and 20.0% in the DEN-alone, DEN-CUR and DEN-HZC groups, respectively. Although macroscopic and microscopic features suggested that both CUR and HZC were effective in inhibiting DEN- induced hepatocarcinogenesis, HZC was exerted a stronger influence. Immunohistochemical analysis with PCNA demonstrated significantly differences among the groups (all P < 0.05). Taken together, the results suggested application of CUR and HZC could prevent the occurrence of carcinogenesis and HZC may be a more potent compound for prevention of DEN-induced hepatocarcinogenesis in rats than CUR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji-An Zhao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affilliated Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China E-mail :
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Reinau D, Surber C, Jick SS, Meier CR. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and the risk of nonmelanoma skin cancer. Int J Cancer 2014; 137:144-53. [PMID: 25418602 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have been assigned a promising role in the chemoprevention of various malignancies. However, epidemiological data on the association between NSAID use and nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) are limited. To explore whether patients regularly exposed to systemic NSAIDs are at a reduced risk of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) or squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), we conducted a population-based case-control analysis using the Clinical Practice Research Datalink, a United Kingdom primary care database. We identified 65,398 patients with incident BCC and 7,864 patients with incident SCC diagnosed between 1995 and 2013 and matched 1 and 4 NMSC-free controls to each BCC and SCC case, respectively, on age, sex, general practice, calendar time and years of history in the database. We compared prior NSAID exposure between cases and controls using multivariate conditional logistic regression analyses controlling for several potential confounders. Overall, we found no association between NSAID use and BCC, but when looking exclusively at users of single NSAID substances there was a suggestion of a reduced BCC risk in regular users of aspirin and ibuprofen (adjusted odds ratio [adj. OR]: 0.92, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.85-0.99 and adj. OR: 0.61, 95% CI: 0.48-0.78, respectively). The risk of SCC was slightly decreased in regular users of any NSAIDs (adj. OR: 0.89, 95% CI: 0.82-0.97), with the strongest risk reduction observed in current users of coxibs (adj. OR: 0.77, 95% CI: 0.62-0.95). These findings provide evidence that patients predisposed to NMSC might benefit from chemoprevention with NSAIDs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daphne Reinau
- Basel Pharmacoepidemiology Unit, Division of Clinical Pharmacy and Epidemiology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Switzerland; Hospital Pharmacy, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Jung YJ, Jung JI, Cho HJ, Choi MS, Sung MK, Yu R, Kang YH, Park JHY. Berteroin present in cruciferous vegetables exerts potent anti-inflammatory properties in murine macrophages and mouse skin. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:20686-705. [PMID: 25393510 PMCID: PMC4264190 DOI: 10.3390/ijms151120686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Revised: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Berteroin (5-methylthiopentyl isothiocyanate) is a sulforaphane analog present in cruciferous vegetables, including Chinese cabbage, rucola salad leaves, and mustard oil. We examined whether berteroin exerts anti-inflammatory activities using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated Raw 264.7 macrophages and 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced mouse skin inflammation models. Berteroin decreased LPS-induced release of inflammatory mediators and pro-inflammatory cytokines in Raw 264.7 macrophages. Berteroin inhibited LPS-induced degradation of inhibitor of κBα (IκBα) and nuclear factor-κB p65 translocation to the nucleus and DNA binding activity. Furthermore, berteroin suppressed degradation of IL-1 receptor-associated kinase and phosphorylation of transforming growth factor β activated kinase-1. Berteroin also inhibited LPS-induced phosphorylation of p38 MAPK, ERK1/2, and AKT. In the mouse ear, berteroin effectively suppressed TPA-induced edema formation and down-regulated iNOS and COX-2 expression as well as phosphorylation of AKT and ERK1/2. These results demonstrate that berteroin exhibits potent anti-inflammatory properties and suggest that berteroin can be developed as a skin anti-inflammatory agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoo Jin Jung
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon 200-702, Korea.
| | - Jae In Jung
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon 200-702, Korea.
| | - Han Jin Cho
- WCU Biomodulation Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Korea.
| | - Myung-Sook Choi
- Center for Food and Nutritional Genomics Research and Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea.
| | - Mi-Kyung Sung
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 140-742, Korea.
| | - Rina Yu
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 680-749, Korea.
| | - Young-Hee Kang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon 200-702, Korea.
| | - Jung Han Yoon Park
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon 200-702, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Diakowska D, Markocka-Mączka K, Nienartowicz M, Lewandowski A, Grabowski K. Increased level of serum prostaglandin-2 in early stage of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Arch Med Sci 2014; 10:956-61. [PMID: 25395947 PMCID: PMC4223123 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2013.34985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2012] [Revised: 05/26/2012] [Accepted: 09/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Prostaglandin-2 (PGE-2), one of the products of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) induced catalysis, may play a critical role in the carcinogenesis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). We investigated the efficacy of using serum PGE-2 concentration as a biomarker for this cancer type. MATERIAL AND METHODS Prostaglandin-2 levels were analyzed in the serum of 65 ESCC patients and in 47 healthy individuals. The concentrations of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) were measured in tumor tissues and normal tissues obtained from 31 surgically treated ESCC patients. RESULTS Serum PGE-2 concentration was significantly higher in ESCC patients than in control patients (p = 0.004), especially in the early stages (I + II) of cancer (p < 0.0001). We observed significant inverse relationships between serum PGE-2 levels and: tumor stage, primary tumor progression, lymph and distant metastasis. The COX-2 concentration was significantly elevated in tumors as compared to normal tissues (p = 0.008). A significant correlation between serum PGE-2 and tumor COX-2 was observed (rho = 0.46, p = 0.009). However, ROC analysis showed that serum PGE-2 may be a weak prognostic factor for ESCC. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that an elevated concentration of serum PGE-2 in the early stages of cancer may possibly be associated with tumor initiation and cancer development in ESCC. The exact role of these findings in early detection of this highly lethal cancer requires further research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Diakowska
- Department of Gastrointestinal and General Surgery, Medical University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Krystyna Markocka-Mączka
- Department of Gastrointestinal and General Surgery, Medical University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Mirosław Nienartowicz
- Department of Gastrointestinal and General Surgery, Medical University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej Lewandowski
- Department of Gastrointestinal and General Surgery, Medical University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Grabowski
- Department of Gastrointestinal and General Surgery, Medical University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Shin S, Kum H, Ryu D, Kim M, Jung E, Park D. Protective effects of a new phloretin derivative against UVB-induced damage in skin cell model and human volunteers. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:18919-40. [PMID: 25334063 PMCID: PMC4227253 DOI: 10.3390/ijms151018919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Revised: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The phenolic compound phloretin is a prominent member of the chemical class of dihydrochalcones. Phloretin is specifically found in apple and apple juice and known for its biological properties. We were particularly interested in its potential dermo-cosmetic applications. However, practical limitations of phloretin do exist due to its poor water-solubility. Phloretin was sulfonated with sulfuric acid (98%, wt) and mixed with saturated salt water to produce phloretin 3',3-disulfonate in order to increase its water-solubility. Here we reported the photoprotective effect of phloretin 3',3-disulfonate (PS), a new semi-synthetic derivative of phloretin. Results showed that PS attenuated cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer (CPDs) formation, glutathione (GSH) depletion and apoptosis induced by ultraviolet B (UVB). The photoprotective effect of PS is tightly correlated to the enhancement of nucleotide excision repair (NER) gene expression. Furthemore, PS had inhibitory effects on UVB-induced release of the inflammatory mediators, such as IL-6 and prostaglandin-E2. We also confirmed the safety and clinical efficacy of PS on human skin. Overall, the results demonstrated significant benefits of PS on the protection of keratinocytes against UVB-induced injuries and suggested its potential use in skin photoprotection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seoungwoo Shin
- Biospectrum Life Science Institute, Seoungnam City, Gyunggi Do 462-807, Korea.
| | - Hyunwoo Kum
- Biospectrum Life Science Institute, Seoungnam City, Gyunggi Do 462-807, Korea.
| | - Dehun Ryu
- Biospectrum Life Science Institute, Seoungnam City, Gyunggi Do 462-807, Korea.
| | - Minkyung Kim
- Biospectrum Life Science Institute, Seoungnam City, Gyunggi Do 462-807, Korea.
| | - Eunsun Jung
- Biospectrum Life Science Institute, Seoungnam City, Gyunggi Do 462-807, Korea.
| | - Deokhoon Park
- Biospectrum Life Science Institute, Seoungnam City, Gyunggi Do 462-807, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Brown A, Tantcheva-Poor I, Eming SA. [Parallels between wound healing, chronic inflammatory skin diseases and neoplasia: clinical aspects]. Hautarzt 2014; 65:934-43. [PMID: 25318704 DOI: 10.1007/s00105-014-3524-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Chronic wounds, scars, burns and recalcitrant chronic inflammatory skin lesions can give rise to malignancy. These neoplasias are usually squamous cell carcinomas but basal cell carcinomas can also develop. Tumorigenesis is a severe complication of chronic ulcers as well as certain inflammatory skin diseases; early diagnosis is critical for prognosis. This article describes parallels between wound healing, chronic inflammatory skin diseases and carcinogenesis and provides advice on practical aspects of diagnosis and therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Brown
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Dermatologie und Venerologie, Uniklinik Köln, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Köln, Deutschland
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Simper MS, Rundhaug JE, Mikulec C, Bowen R, Shen J, Lu Y, Lin K, Surh I, Fischer SM. The tumor promoting activity of the EP4 receptor for prostaglandin E2 in murine skin. Mol Oncol 2014; 8:1626-39. [PMID: 25034079 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2014.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2014] [Revised: 06/21/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
To determine whether the EP4 receptor for prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) contributes to the tumor promoting activity of PGs in murine skin, EP4 over-expressing mice (BK5.EP4) were generated and subjected carcinogenesis protocols. An initiation/promotion protocol resulted in 25-fold more squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) in the BK5.EP4 mice than wild type (WT) mice. An increase in SCCs also occurred following treatment with initiator alone or UV irradiation. The initiator dimethylbenz[a]anthracene caused cytotoxicity in BK5.EP4, but not WT mice, characterized by sloughing of the interfollicular epidermis, regeneration and subsequent SCC development. A comparison of transcriptomes between BK5.EP4 and WT mice treated with PGE2 showed a significant upregulation of a number of genes known to be associated with tumor development, supporting a pro-tumorigenic role for the EP4 receptor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa S Simper
- The Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Science Park, PO Box 389, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, TX 78957, USA
| | - Joyce E Rundhaug
- The Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Science Park, PO Box 389, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, TX 78957, USA
| | - Carol Mikulec
- The Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Science Park, PO Box 389, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, TX 78957, USA
| | - Rebecca Bowen
- The Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Science Park, PO Box 389, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, TX 78957, USA
| | - Jianjun Shen
- The Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Science Park, PO Box 389, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, TX 78957, USA
| | - Yue Lu
- The Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Science Park, PO Box 389, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, TX 78957, USA
| | - Kevin Lin
- The Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Science Park, PO Box 389, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, TX 78957, USA
| | - Inok Surh
- The Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Science Park, PO Box 389, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, TX 78957, USA
| | - Susan M Fischer
- The Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Science Park, PO Box 389, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, TX 78957, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Tsai MH, Lin ZC, Liang CJ, Yen FL, Chiang YC, Lee CW. Eupafolin inhibits PGE2 production and COX2 expression in LPS-stimulated human dermal fibroblasts by blocking JNK/AP-1 and Nox2/p47(phox) pathway. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2014; 279:240-51. [PMID: 24967690 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2014.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2014] [Revised: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Eupafolin, a major active component found in the methanol extracts of Phyla nodiflora, has been used to treat inflammation of skin. We examined its effects on cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression in LPS-treated human dermal fibroblasts. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) significantly increased prostaglandin-E2 (PGE2) production associated with increased COX-2 expression in Hs68 cells. This effect was blocked by eupafolin, TLR-4 antibody, antioxidants (APO and NAC), as well as inhibitors, including U0126 (ERK1/2), SB202190 (p38), SP600125 (JNK1/2), and Tanshinone IIA (AP-1). In gene regulation level, qPCR and promoter assays revealed that COX-2 expression was attenuated by eupafolin. In addition, eupafolin also ameliorated LPS-induced p47 phox activation and decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and NADPH oxidase (Nox) activity. Moreover, pretreatment with eupafolin and APO led to reduced LPS-induced phosphorylation of ERK1/2, JNK, and p38. Further, eupafolin attenuated LPS-induced increase in AP-1 transcription factor binding activity as well as the increase in the phosphorylation of c-Jun and c-Fos. In vivo studies have shown that in dermal fibroblasts of LPS treated mice, eupafolin exerted anti-inflammation effects by decreasing COX-2 protein levels. Our results reveal a novel mechanism for anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects of eupafolin that involved inhibition of LPS-induced ROS generation, suppression of MAPK phosphorylation, diminished DNA binding activity of AP-1 and attenuated COX-2 expression leading to reduced production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Our results demonstrate that eupafolin may be used to treat inflammatory responses associated with dermatologic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Horng Tsai
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Yunlin, Taiwan
| | - Zih-Chan Lin
- Department of Fragrance and Cosmetic Science, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chan-Jung Liang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Lin Yen
- Department of Fragrance and Cosmetic Science, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, 70 Lienhai Rd., Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Chang Chiang
- Center for Drug Abuse and Addiction, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chiang-Wen Lee
- Department of Nursing, Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chia-Yi, Taiwan; Chronic Diseases and Health Promotion Research Center, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chia-Yi, Taiwan; Research Center for Industry of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Hung CF, Chen WY, Aljuffali IA, Shih HC, Fang JY. The risk of hydroquinone and sunscreen over-absorption via photodamaged skin is not greater in senescent skin as compared to young skin: nude mouse as an animal model. Int J Pharm 2014; 471:135-45. [PMID: 24858384 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2014.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2014] [Revised: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Intrinsic aging and photoaging modify skin structure and components, which subsequently change percutaneous absorption of topically applied permeants. The purpose of this study was to systematically evaluate drug/sunscreen permeation via young and senescent skin irradiated by ultraviolet (UV) light. Both young and senescent nude mice were subjected to UVA (10 J/cm(2)) and/or UVB radiation (175 mJ/cm(2)). Physiological parameters, immunohistology, and immunoblotting were employed to examine the aged skin. Hydroquinone and sunscreen permeation was determined by in vitro Franz cell. In vivo skin absorption was documented using a hydrophilic dye, rhodamine 123 (log P=-0.4), as a permeant. UVA exposure induced cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) upregulation. Epidermal tight junction (TJ) were degraded by UVA. UVB increased transepidermal water loss (TEWL) from 13 to 24 g/m(2)/h. Hyperplasia and inflammation, but not loss of TJ, were also observed in UVB-treated skin. UVA+UVB- and UVA-irradiated skin demonstrated similar changes in histology and biomarkers. UVA+UVB or UVA exposure increased hydroquinone flux five-fold. A negligible alteration of hydroquinone permeation was shown with UVB exposure. Hydroquinone exhibited a lower penetration through senescent skin than young skin. Both UVA and UVB produced enhancement of oxybenzone flux and skin uptake. However, the amount of increase was less than that of hydroquinone delivery. Photoaging did not augment skin absorption of sunscreens with higher lipophilicity, including avobenzone and ZnO. Exposure to UVA generally increased follicular entrance of these permeants, which showed two- to three-fold greater follicular uptake compared to the untreated group. Photoaging had less impact on drug/sunscreen absorption with more lipophilic permeants. Percutaneous absorption did not increase in skin subjected to both intrinsic and extrinsic aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Feng Hung
- School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, Hsinchuang, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Yu Chen
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Pathology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ibrahim A Aljuffali
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hui-Chi Shih
- Pharmaceutics Laboratory, Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Chinese Herbal Medicine Research Team, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jia-You Fang
- Pharmaceutics Laboratory, Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Chinese Herbal Medicine Research Team, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Research Center for Industry of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Peng Q, Yang S, Lao X, Tang W, Chen Z, Lai H, Wang J, Sui J, Qin X, Li S. Meta-analysis of the association between COX-2 polymorphisms and risk of colorectal cancer based on case-control studies. PLoS One 2014; 9:e94790. [PMID: 24733273 PMCID: PMC3986224 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0094790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2013] [Accepted: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is an inducible enzyme converting arachidonic acid to prostaglandins and playing important roles in inflammatory diseases as well as tumor development. Previous studies investigating the association between COX-2 polymorphisms and colorectal cancer (CRC) risk reported conflicting results. We performed a meta-analysis of all available studies to explore this association. METHODS All studies published up to October 2013 on the association between COX-2 polymorphisms and CRC risk were identified by searching electronic databases PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane library. The association between COX-2 polymorphisms and CRC risk was assessed by odds ratios (ORs) together with their 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS Ten studies with 6,774 cases and 9,772 controls were included for -1195A>G polymorphism, 13 studies including 6,807 cases and 10,052 controls were available for -765G>C polymorphism, and 8 studies containing 5,121 cases and 7,487 controls were included for 8473T>C polymorphism. With respect to -765G>C polymorphism, we did not find a significant association with CRC risk when all eligible studies were pooled into the meta-analysis. However, in subgroup analyses by ethnicity and cancer location, with a Bonferroni corrected alpha of 0.05/2, statistical significant increased CRC risk was found in the Asian populations (dominant model CC+CG vs. GG: OR = 1.399, 95%CI: 1.113-1.760, P = 0.004) and rectum cancer patients (CC vs. GG: OR = 2.270, 95%CI: 1.295-3.980, P = 0.004; Recessive model CC vs. CG+GG: OR = 2.269, 95%CI: 1.297-3.970, P = 0.004). In subgroup analysis according to source of control, no significant association was detected. With respect to -1195A>G and 8473T>C polymorphisms, no significant association with CRC risk was demonstrated in the overall and subgroup analyses. CONCLUSIONS The present meta-analysis suggests that the COX-2 -765G>C polymorphism may be a risk factor for CRC in Asians and rectum cancer patients. Further large and well-designed studies are needed to confirm this association.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiliu Peng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Shi Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xianjun Lao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Weizhong Tang
- Department of Anal and Colorectal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhiping Chen
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health at Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Hao Lai
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Jingzhe Sui
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xue Qin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- * E-mail: (XQ); (SL)
| | - Shan Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- * E-mail: (XQ); (SL)
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Dotto GP. Multifocal epithelial tumors and field cancerization: stroma as a primary determinant. J Clin Invest 2014; 124:1446-53. [PMID: 24691479 DOI: 10.1172/jci72589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
It is increasingly evident that cancer results from altered organ homeostasis rather than from deregulated control of single cells or groups of cells. This applies especially to epithelial cancer, the most common form of human solid tumors and a major cause of cancer lethality. In the vast majority of cases, in situ epithelial cancer lesions do not progress into malignancy, even if they harbor many of the genetic changes found in invasive and metastatic tumors. While changes in tumor stroma are frequently viewed as secondary to changes in the epithelium, recent evidence indicates that they can play a primary role in both cancer progression and initiation. These processes may explain the phenomenon of field cancerization, i.e., the occurrence of multifocal and recurrent epithelial tumors that are preceded by and associated with widespread changes of surrounding tissue or organ "fields."
Collapse
|
49
|
Singh M, Suman S, Shukla Y. New Enlightenment of Skin Cancer Chemoprevention through Phytochemicals: In Vitro and In Vivo Studies and the Underlying Mechanisms. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:243452. [PMID: 24757666 PMCID: PMC3976810 DOI: 10.1155/2014/243452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2013] [Revised: 12/05/2013] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Skin cancer is still a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Skin overexposure to ultraviolet irradiations, chemicals, and several viruses has a capability to cause severe skin-related disorders including immunosuppression and skin cancer. These factors act in sequence at various steps of skin carcinogenesis via initiation, promotion, and/or progression. These days cancer chemoprevention is recognized as the most hopeful and novel approach to prevent, inhibit, or reverse the processes of carcinogenesis by intervention with natural products. Phytochemicals have antioxidant, antimutagenic, anticarcinogenic, and carcinogen detoxification capabilities thereby considered as efficient chemopreventive agents. Considerable efforts have been done to identify the phytochemicals which may possibly act on one or several molecular targets that modulate cellular processes such as inflammation, immunity, cell cycle progression, and apoptosis. Till date several phytochemicals in the light of chemoprevention have been studied by using suitable skin carcinogenic in vitro and in vivo models and proven as beneficial for prevention of skin cancer. This revision presents a comprehensive knowledge and the main molecular mechanisms of actions of various phytochemicals in the chemoprevention of skin cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Madhulika Singh
- Proteomics Laboratory, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research, Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, P.O. Box 80, M. G. Marg, Lucknow 226001, India
| | - Shankar Suman
- Proteomics Laboratory, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research, Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, P.O. Box 80, M. G. Marg, Lucknow 226001, India
| | - Yogeshwer Shukla
- Proteomics Laboratory, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research, Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, P.O. Box 80, M. G. Marg, Lucknow 226001, India
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Jiao J, Mikulec C, Ishikawa TO, Magyar C, Dumlao DS, Dennis EA, Fischer SM, Herschman H. Cell-type-specific roles for COX-2 in UVB-induced skin cancer. Carcinogenesis 2014; 35:1310-9. [PMID: 24469308 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgu020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In human tumors, and in mouse models, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) levels are frequently correlated with tumor development/burden. In addition to intrinsic tumor cell expression, COX-2 is often present in fibroblasts, myofibroblasts and endothelial cells of the tumor microenvironment, and in infiltrating immune cells. Intrinsic cancer cell COX-2 expression is postulated as only one of many sources for prostanoids required for tumor promotion/progression. Although both COX-2 inhibition and global Cox-2 gene deletion ameliorate ultraviolet B (UVB)-induced SKH-1 mouse skin tumorigenesis, neither manipulation can elucidate the cell type(s) in which COX-2 expression is required for tumorigenesis; both eliminate COX-2 activity in all cells. To address this question, we created Cox-2(flox/flox) mice, in which the Cox-2 gene can be eliminated in a cell-type-specific fashion by targeted Cre recombinase expression. Cox-2 deletion in skin epithelial cells of SKH-1 Cox-2(flox/flox);K14Cre(+) mice resulted, following UVB irradiation, in reduced skin hyperplasia and increased apoptosis. Targeted epithelial cell Cox-2 deletion also resulted in reduced tumor incidence, frequency, size and proliferation rate, altered tumor cell differentiation and reduced tumor vascularization. Moreover, Cox-2(flox/flox);K14Cre(+) papillomas did not progress to squamous cell carcinomas. In contrast, Cox-2 deletion in SKH-1 Cox-2(flox/flox); LysMCre(+) myeloid cells had no effect on UVB tumor induction. We conclude that (i) intrinsic epithelial COX-2 activity plays a major role in UVB-induced skin cancer, (ii) macrophage/myeloid COX-2 plays no role in UVB-induced skin cancer and (iii) either there may be another COX-2-dependent prostanoid source(s) that drives UVB skin tumor induction or there may exist a COX-2-independent pathway(s) to UVB-induced skin cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Jiao
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology and Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Carol Mikulec
- Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Science Park, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, TX 78957, USA
| | - Tomo-o Ishikawa
- Division of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Clara Magyar
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA and
| | - Darren S Dumlao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Edward A Dennis
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Susan M Fischer
- Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Science Park, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, TX 78957, USA
| | - Harvey Herschman
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology and Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA,
| |
Collapse
|