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Dilenko H, Bartoň Tománková K, Válková L, Hošíková B, Kolaříková M, Malina L, Bajgar R, Kolářová H. Graphene-Based Photodynamic Therapy and Overcoming Cancer Resistance Mechanisms: A Comprehensive Review. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:5637-5680. [PMID: 38882538 PMCID: PMC11179671 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s461300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a non-invasive therapy that has made significant progress in treating different diseases, including cancer, by utilizing new nanotechnology products such as graphene and its derivatives. Graphene-based materials have large surface area and photothermal effects thereby making them suitable candidates for PDT or photo-active drug carriers. The remarkable photophysical properties of graphene derivates facilitate the efficient generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) upon light irradiation, which destroys cancer cells. Surface functionalization of graphene and its materials can also enhance their biocompatibility and anticancer activity. The paper delves into the distinct roles played by graphene-based materials in PDT such as photosensitizers (PS) and drug carriers while at the same time considers how these materials could be used to circumvent cancer resistance. This will provide readers with an extensive discussion of various pathways contributing to PDT inefficiency. Consequently, this comprehensive review underscores the vital roles that graphene and its derivatives may play in emerging PDT strategies for cancer treatment and other medical purposes. With a better comprehension of the current state of research and the existing challenges, the integration of graphene-based materials in PDT holds great promise for developing targeted, effective, and personalized cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Dilenko
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Bartoň Tománková
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Válková
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Hošíková
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Markéta Kolaříková
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Lukáš Malina
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Robert Bajgar
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Kolářová
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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2
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Dhara V, Shetty SS, de Arruda JAA, Silva TA, Russo RC, Shetty NJ, Pidaparthi M, Wollenberg B, Rao VUS, Gopinath TPS. Decoding the influence of the immune system and immunotherapy targets on carcinomas: A hidden prism in oral cancer therapy. Dis Mon 2023; 69:101353. [PMID: 35311656 DOI: 10.1016/j.disamonth.2022.101353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
In recent decades, understanding tumorigenesis and the complex interaction between the host and the immune system has been the pillar for significant advances in anticancer therapy. Conventional anticancer therapy (e.g., cut, burn, and cytotoxic drugs) involves multiple targeting of tumor cells. However, the tumor tissue microenvironment can present a dysregulated, stimulating, or subverted immune response which, in turn, reveals pro-tumor activities favoring tumor expansion and progression. Recently, new potential targets have been identified based on immunomodulatory therapies, which are crafted to re-establish the host anti-tumoral immune response. Clinicians should fully understand the intricate interactions between carcinogens, the tumor milieu, the immune system, and traditional anticancer therapies in order to progress and to overcome the refractory/recurrent challenges and morbidity of the disease. Thus, in this article, we highlight the complex milieu of the oral cancer immune response, pointing out potential therapeutic immunotargets for oral squamous cell carcinomas. The impact of traditional anticancer therapy on the immune system is also outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasantha Dhara
- Consultant Maxillofacial Surgeon, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Sameep S Shetty
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, A constituent of MAHE, Manipal, Karnataka, India.
| | - José Alcides Almeida de Arruda
- Department of Oral Surgery, Pathology and Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Tarcília Aparecida Silva
- Department of Oral Surgery, Pathology and Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Remo Castro Russo
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Immunology and Mechanics, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Neetha J Shetty
- Department of Periodontology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, A constituent of MAHE, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Barbara Wollenberg
- Klinik für Hals-, Nasen- und Ohrenheilkunde, Klinikum rechts der Isar der TU München, Ismaningerstraße 22, 81675 München, Germany
| | - Vishal U S Rao
- Department of Head and Neck Surgical Oncology, HealthCare Global Enterprises Ltd., Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Thilak P S Gopinath
- Nitte (Deemed to be University) , AB Shetty Memorial Institute of Dental Sciences (ABSMIDS) , Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Mangalore, India
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Zhou J, Wang L, Peng C, Peng F. Co-Targeting Tumor Angiogenesis and Immunosuppressive Tumor Microenvironment: A Perspective in Ethnopharmacology. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:886198. [PMID: 35784750 PMCID: PMC9242535 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.886198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor angiogenesis is one of the most important processes of cancer deterioration via nurturing an immunosuppressive tumor environment (TME). Targeting tumor angiogenesis has been widely accepted as a cancer intervention approach, which is also synergistically associated with immune therapy. However, drug resistance is the biggest challenge of anti-angiogenesis therapy, which affects the outcomes of anti-angiogeneic agents, and even combined with immunotherapy. Here, emerging targets and representative candidate molecules from ethnopharmacology (including traditional Chinese medicine, TCM) have been focused, and they have been proved to regulate tumor angiogenesis. Further investigations on derivatives and delivery systems of these molecules will provide a comprehensive landscape in preclinical studies. More importantly, the molecule library of ethnopharmacology meets the viability for targeting angiogenesis and TME simultaneously, which is attributed to the pleiotropy of pro-angiogenic factors (such as VEGF) toward cancer cells, endothelial cells, and immune cells. We primarily shed light on the potentiality of ethnopharmacology against tumor angiogenesis, particularly TCM. More research studies concerning the crosstalk between angiogenesis and TME remodeling from the perspective of botanical medicine are awaited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbo Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Fu Peng, ; Cheng Peng,
| | - Fu Peng
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Fu Peng, ; Cheng Peng,
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4
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Mohammad Mirzaei N, Changizi N, Asadpoure A, Su S, Sofia D, Tatarova Z, Zervantonakis IK, Chang YH, Shahriyari L. Investigating key cell types and molecules dynamics in PyMT mice model of breast cancer through a mathematical model. PLoS Comput Biol 2022; 18:e1009953. [PMID: 35294447 PMCID: PMC8959189 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The most common kind of cancer among women is breast cancer. Understanding the tumor microenvironment and the interactions between individual cells and cytokines assists us in arriving at more effective treatments. Here, we develop a data-driven mathematical model to investigate the dynamics of key cell types and cytokines involved in breast cancer development. We use time-course gene expression profiles of a mouse model to estimate the relative abundance of cells and cytokines. We then employ a least-squares optimization method to evaluate the model's parameters based on the mice data. The resulting dynamics of the cells and cytokines obtained from the optimal set of parameters exhibit a decent agreement between the data and predictions. We perform a sensitivity analysis to identify the crucial parameters of the model and then perform a local bifurcation on them. The results reveal a strong connection between adipocytes, IL6, and the cancer population, suggesting them as potential targets for therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navid Mohammad Mirzaei
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Navid Changizi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Dartmouth, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Alireza Asadpoure
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Dartmouth, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Sumeyye Su
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Dilruba Sofia
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Zuzana Tatarova
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and OHSU Center for Spatial Systems Biomedicine (OCSSB), Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Ioannis K. Zervantonakis
- Department of Bioengineering, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Young Hwan Chang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and OHSU Center for Spatial Systems Biomedicine (OCSSB), Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Leili Shahriyari
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, United States of America
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Du M, Yu J, Yang Y, Yan F, Chen Z. Microbes in Oncology: Controllable Strategies for Bacteria Therapy. BIO INTEGRATION 2021. [DOI: 10.15212/bioi-2020-0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Bacterial therapy is an emerging method of tumor treatment. By utilizing wild-type bacteria or engineered bacteria to treat solid tumors, bacterial therapy has recently attracted attention due to its high therapeutic specificity. Although many bacterial strains have
been tested in animal models or have even advanced to clinical trials, the efficacy of bacterial therapy remains undesirable. The lack of efficient control methods could cause side effects as well as insufficient therapeutic efficiency, both of which are urgent problems for bacterial therapy.
Therefore, some studies have constructed bacteria with inducible plasmid or adsorption with responsive nanoparticles, which improved controllability and specificity during bacterial therapy. Herein, we introduce the unique advantages of bacteria in cancer treatment and highlight the issues
associated with the application of bacterial therapy, focusing on the incorporation of various methodologies in the advancement of some controllable strategies in bacterial therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Du
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Laboratory of Ultrasound Molecular Imaging, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510000, P. R. China
| | - Jinsui Yu
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Laboratory of Ultrasound Molecular Imaging, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510000, P. R. China
| | - Yaozhang Yang
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Laboratory of Ultrasound Molecular Imaging, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510000, P. R. China
| | - Fei Yan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyi Chen
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Laboratory of Ultrasound Molecular Imaging, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510000, P. R. China
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Sun JY, Hou YJ, Fu XY, Fu XT, Ma JK, Yang MF, Sun BL, Fan CD, Oh J. Selenium-Containing Protein From Selenium-Enriched Spirulina platensis Attenuates Cisplatin-Induced Apoptosis in MC3T3-E1 Mouse Preosteoblast by Inhibiting Mitochondrial Dysfunction and ROS-Mediated Oxidative Damage. Front Physiol 2019; 9:1907. [PMID: 30687122 PMCID: PMC6333850 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulated evidences have verified that cancer chemotherapy may increase the risk of osteoporosis and severely affected the life quality. Osteoclasts hyperactivation was commonly accepted as the major pathogenesis of osteoporosis. However, the role of osteoblasts dysfunction in osteoporosis was little investigated. Our previous study has confirmed that selenium-containing protein from selenium-enriched Spirulina platensis (Se-SP) exhibited enhanced hepatoprotective potential through inhibiting oxidative damage. Herein, the protective effect of Se-SP against cisplatin-induced osteoblasts dysfunction in MC3T3-E1 mouse preosteoblast was investigated, and the underlying mechanism was evaluated. The results indicated that cisplatin dramatically decreased cell viability of preosteoblast by triggering mitochondria-mediated apoptosis pathway. Cisplatin treatment also caused mitochondrial dysfunction and reactive oxide species (ROS)-mediated oxidative damage. However, Se-SP pre-treatment effectively prevented MC3T3-E1 cells from cisplatin-induced mitochondrial dysfunction by balancing Bcl-2 family expression and regulating the opening of mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP), attenuated cisplatin-induced oxidative damage through inhibiting the overproduction of ROS and superoxide anion, and eventually reversed cisplating-induced early and late apoptosis by inhibiting PARP cleavage and caspases activation. Our findings validated that Se-SP as a promising Se species could be a highly effective way in the chemoprevention and chemotherapy of oxidative damage-mediated bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-yi Sun
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Wonju Severance Christian Hospital, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, South Korea
| | - Ya-jun Hou
- Key Lab of Cerebral Microcirculation in Universities of Shandong, Taishan Medical University, Taishan, China
| | - Xiao-yan Fu
- Key Lab of Cerebral Microcirculation in Universities of Shandong, Taishan Medical University, Taishan, China
| | - Xiao-ting Fu
- Key Lab of Cerebral Microcirculation in Universities of Shandong, Taishan Medical University, Taishan, China
| | - Jin-kui Ma
- Faculty of Bioresource Sciences, Akita Prefectural University, Akita, Japan
| | - Ming-feng Yang
- Key Lab of Cerebral Microcirculation in Universities of Shandong, Taishan Medical University, Taishan, China
| | - Bao-liang Sun
- Key Lab of Cerebral Microcirculation in Universities of Shandong, Taishan Medical University, Taishan, China
| | - Cun-dong Fan
- Key Lab of Cerebral Microcirculation in Universities of Shandong, Taishan Medical University, Taishan, China
| | - Jinrok Oh
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Wonju Severance Christian Hospital, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, South Korea
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Emam SE, Ando H, Abu Lila AS, Kobayashi S, Shimizu T, Okuhira K, Ishima Y, Ishida T. Doxorubicin Expands in Vivo Secretion of Circulating Exosome in Mice. Biol Pharm Bull 2018; 41:1078-1083. [PMID: 29962402 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b18-00202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Modulation of tumor immunity is a known factor in the antitumor activity of many chemotherapeutic agents. Exosomes are extracellular nanometric vesicles that are released by almost all types of cells, which includes cancer cells. These vesicles play a crucial role in tumor immunity. Many in vitro studies have reproduced the aggressive secretion of exosomes following treatment with conventional anticancer drugs. Nevertheless, how chemotherapeutic agents including nanomedicines such as Doxil® affect the in vivo secretion of exosomes is yet to be elucidated. In this study, the effect of intravenous injection of either free doxorubicin (DXR) or liposomal DXR formulation (Doxil®) on exosome secretion was evaluated in BALB/c mice. Exosomes were isolated from serum by using an ExoQuick™ kit. Free DXR treatment markedly increased serum exosome levels in a post-injection time-dependent manner, while Doxil® treatment did not. Exosomal size distribution and marker protein expressions (CD9, CD63, and TSG101) were studied. The physical/biological characteristics of treatment-induced exosomes were comparable to those of control mice. Interestingly, splenectomy significantly suppressed the copious exosomal secretions induced by free DXR. Collectively, our results indicate that conventional anticancer agents induce the secretion of circulating exosomes, presumably via stimulating immune cells of the spleen. As far as we know, this study represents the first report indicating that conventional chemotherapeutics may induce exosome secretion which might, in turn, contribute partly to the antitumor effect of chemotherapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherif E Emam
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University.,Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University
| | - Hidenori Ando
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University
| | - Amr Selim Abu Lila
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University.,Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University.,Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Hail University
| | - Shinya Kobayashi
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University
| | - Taro Shimizu
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University
| | - Keiichiro Okuhira
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University
| | - Yu Ishima
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University
| | - Tatsuhiro Ishida
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University
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He Q, Liao BH, Xiao KW, Zhou L, Feng SJ, Li H, Wang KJ. Is there a relationship between phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors and biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int Urol Nephrol 2018; 50:2113-2121. [PMID: 30232722 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-018-1982-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies to evaluate the association between the use of PDE5I and biochemical recurrence (BCR) after radical prostatectomy (RP). METHODS We searched Embase (from 1996 to Feb 2018), PubMed (from 1996 to Feb 2018), and Cochrane library (from 1999 to Feb 2018), then manually searched the reference lists of key retrieved articles. Original studies that reported the risk of postoperative BCR for PDE5I users, as compared with non-PDE5I users, were included. Data including the characteristic of participants, the risk of BCR after RP and key criteria of study quality were collected. The pooled relative risks (RRs) were calculated with random-effects model. RESULTS A total of 5 cohort studies and 1 case-control study were conducted for data analysis (a total of 17752 participants). Only 1 cohort study reported adjusted RR greater than 1 (range for all derived RRs, 0.7-1.47). The meta-analysis revealed that the PDE5I users had no higher risk of BCR after RP (RR = 1.04, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.79-1.36). Sensitivity analysis showed that the remaining pooled RR and 95% CI were not changed significantly by omitting each study. In addition, the 5-year BCR rate had no significant difference between PDE5I users and non-PDE5I users. CONCLUSIONS Our meta-analysis indicated that PDE5I treatment in men following RP did not increase the risk of BCR. The results preliminarily suggested that the use of PDE5I for erectile dysfunction after RP was oncologically safe. Nevertheless, more large sample cohort studies are needed to validate this conclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing He
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology (Laboratory of Reconstructive Urology), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Bang-Hua Liao
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology (Laboratory of Reconstructive Urology), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai-Wen Xiao
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology (Laboratory of Reconstructive Urology), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Zhou
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology (Laboratory of Reconstructive Urology), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shi-Jian Feng
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology (Laboratory of Reconstructive Urology), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology (Laboratory of Reconstructive Urology), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun-Jie Wang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology (Laboratory of Reconstructive Urology), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
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Yasui H, Kawai T, Matsumoto S, Saito K, Devasahayam N, Mitchell JB, Camphausen K, Inanami O, Krishna MC. Quantitative imaging of pO 2 in orthotopic murine gliomas: hypoxia correlates with resistance to radiation. Free Radic Res 2018; 51:861-871. [PMID: 29076398 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2017.1388506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia is considered one of the microenvironmental factors associated with the malignant nature of glioblastoma. Thus, evaluating intratumoural distribution of hypoxia would be useful for therapeutic planning as well as assessment of its effectiveness during the therapy. Electron paramagnetic resonance imaging (EPRI) is an imaging technique which can generate quantitative maps of oxygen in vivo using the exogenous paramagnetic compound, triarylmethyl and monitoring its line broadening caused by oxygen. In this study, the feasibility of EPRI for assessment of oxygen distribution in the glioblastoma using orthotopic U87 and U251 xenograft model is examined. Heterogeneous distribution of pO2 between 0 and 50 mmHg was observed throughout the tumours except for the normal brain tissue. U251 glioblastoma was more likely to exhibit hypoxia than U87 for comparable tumour size (median pO2; 29.7 and 18.2 mmHg, p = .028, in U87 and U251, respectively). The area with pO2 under 10 mmHg on the EPR oximetry (HF10) showed a good correlation with pimonidazole staining among tumours with evaluated size. In subcutaneous xenograft model, irradiation was relatively less effective for U251 compared with U87. In conclusion, EPRI is a feasible method to evaluate oxygen distribution in the brain tumour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hironobu Yasui
- a Central Institute of Isotope Science, Hokkaido University , Sapporo , Japan
| | - Tatsuya Kawai
- b Radiation Oncology Branch , Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Health Institutes , Bethesda , MD , USA
| | - Shingo Matsumoto
- c Division of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics , Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Hokkaido University , Sapporo , Japan
| | - Keita Saito
- d Radiation Biology Branch , Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Health Institutes , Bethesda , MD , USA
| | - Nallathamby Devasahayam
- d Radiation Biology Branch , Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Health Institutes , Bethesda , MD , USA
| | - James B Mitchell
- d Radiation Biology Branch , Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Health Institutes , Bethesda , MD , USA
| | - Kevin Camphausen
- b Radiation Oncology Branch , Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Health Institutes , Bethesda , MD , USA
| | - Osamu Inanami
- e Laboratory of Radiation Biology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine , Hokkaido University , Sapporo , Japan
| | - Murali C Krishna
- d Radiation Biology Branch , Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Health Institutes , Bethesda , MD , USA
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10
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Lee Y, Yao W, Yang C, Li Y, Ni H, Wang L, Ji B, Gu Y, Yang S. MIST1 regulates SNAI1 and acts through the PTEN/AKT signaling axis to promote anoikisresistance in human melanoma cells. Exp Ther Med 2018; 16:695-703. [PMID: 30112032 PMCID: PMC6090440 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM) is one of the most dangerous types of skin cancer. The prognosis of CMM patients with ulcers, regional lymph node metastasis or organ metastasis is poor. In this process, resistance to anoikis is a critical step in tumor cell metastasis. Tumor cells survive in the vascular and lymphatic system through the escape of anoikis to finally form clones in the distal tissue. The present study revealed that muscle intestine and stomach expression 1 (MIST1), a secreting cell-restricted transcription factor, was overexpressed in melanoma cells. At the same time, the expression of SNAI1 was also high. High expression of MIST1 and SNAI1 all contributed to melanoma cells bypassing anoikis. By changing the expression of MIST1, SNAI1 was indicated to be a downstream gene of MIST1. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and luciferase reporter gene technology revealed that MIST1 promoted the expression of SNAI1 by directly binding to its promoter region. Furthermore, inhibition of the phosphorylation/activity of Akt by LY294002 and knockdown of phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN) with simultaneous upregulation or knockdown of MIST1 revealed that SNAI1 improved the phosphorylation of Akt by inhibiting the expression of PTEN. These results suggested that MIST1 hijacked the PTEN/AKT signaling pathway through directly regulating SNAI1 and affected the anoikis resistance capacity of melanoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiju Lee
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China
| | - Weifeng Yao
- Department of Dermatology, Tianjin Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin 300120, P.R. China
| | - Chunjun Yang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China
| | - Yunrui Li
- School of Basic Medicine, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, P.R. China
| | - Haiyang Ni
- Department of Dermatology, Tianjin Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin 300120, P.R. China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Tianjin Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin 300120, P.R. China
| | - Bin Ji
- Department of Dermatology, Tianjin Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin 300120, P.R. China
| | - Yongge Gu
- Department of Dermatology, Tianjin Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin 300120, P.R. China
| | - Sen Yang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China
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Li T, Wang J, Liu P, Chi J, Yan H, Lei L, Li Z, Yang B, Wang X. Insulin-like growth factor 2 axis supports the serum-independent growth of malignant rhabdoid tumor and is activated by microenvironment stress. Oncotarget 2018; 8:47269-47283. [PMID: 28521298 PMCID: PMC5564563 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant rhabdoid tumors (MRTs) are rare, lethal, pediatric tumors predominantly found in the kidney, brain and soft tissues. MRTs are driven by loss of tumor suppressor SNF5/INI1/SMARCB1/BAF47. The prognosis of MRT is poor using currently available treatments, so new treatment targets need to be identified to expand treatment options for patients experiencing chemotherapy resistance. The growth hormone insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) signaling pathway is a promising target to overcome drug resistance in many cancers. Here, we evaluated the role of IGF2 axis in MRT cell proliferation. We showed that microenvironment stress, including starvation treatment and chemotherapy exposure, lead to elevated expression of IGF2 in the SNF5-deficient MRT cell line. The autocrine IGF2, in turn, activated insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R), insulin receptor (INSR), followed by PI3K/AKT pathway and RAS/ERK pathway to promote cancer cell proliferation and survival. We further demonstrated that impairment of IGF2 signaling by IGF2 neutralizing antibody, IGF1R inhibitor NVP-AEW541 or AKT inhibitor MK-2206 2HCl treatment prevented MRT cell growth in vitro. Taken together, our characterization of this axis defines a novel mechanism for MRT cell growth in the microenvironment of stress. Our results also demonstrated the necessity to test the treatment effect targeting this axis in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Li
- Department of Cell Biology, 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Laboratory of Epigenetics in Development and Tumorigenesis, Tianjin Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Laboratory of Epigenetics in Development and Tumorigenesis, Tianjin Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Pengfei Liu
- Department of Lymphoma, Sino-Us Center of Lymphoma and Leukemia, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Jiadong Chi
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Han Yan
- Department of Cell Biology, 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Laboratory of Epigenetics in Development and Tumorigenesis, Tianjin Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Lei Lei
- Department of Cell Biology, 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Laboratory of Epigenetics in Development and Tumorigenesis, Tianjin Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Zexing Li
- Department of Cell Biology, 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Laboratory of Epigenetics in Development and Tumorigenesis, Tianjin Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Bing Yang
- Department of Cell Biology, 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Laboratory of Epigenetics in Development and Tumorigenesis, Tianjin Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Xi Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Laboratory of Epigenetics in Development and Tumorigenesis, Tianjin Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
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12
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Linnerth-Petrik NM, Santry LA, Moorehead R, Jücker M, Wootton SK, Petrik J. Akt isoform specific effects in ovarian cancer progression. Oncotarget 2018; 7:74820-74833. [PMID: 27533079 PMCID: PMC5342704 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer remains a significant therapeutic problem and novel, effective therapies are needed. Akt is a serine-threonine kinase that is overexpressed in numerous cancers, including ovarian. Mammalian cells express three Akt isoforms which are encoded by distinct genes. Although there are several Akt inhibitors in clinical trials, most indiscriminately target all isoforms. Current in vitro data and animal knockout experiments suggest that the Akt isoforms may have divergent roles. In this paper, we determined the isoform-specific functions of Akt in ovarian cancer cell proliferation in vitro and in ovarian cancer progression in vivo. For in vitro experiments, murine and human ovarian cancer cells were treated with Akt inhibitors and cell viability was assessed. We used two different in vivo approaches to identify the roles of Akt isoforms in ovarian cancer progression and their influence on the primary tumor and tumor microenvironment. In one experiment, wild-type C57Bl6 mice were orthotopically injected with ID8 cells with stable knockdown of Akt isoforms. In a separate experiment, mice null for Akt 1-3 were orthotopically injected with WT ID8 cells (Figure 1). Our data show that inhibition of Akt1 significantly reduced ovarian cancer cell proliferation and inhibited tumor progression in vivo. Conversely, disruption of Akt2 increased tumor growth. Inhibition of Akt3 had an intermediate phenotype, but also increased growth of ovarian cancer cells. These data suggest that there is minimal redundancy between the Akt isoforms in ovarian cancer progression. These findings have important implications in the design of Akt inhibitors for the effective treatment of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lisa A Santry
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Roger Moorehead
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Manfred Jücker
- Center of Experimental Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry and Signal Transduction, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sarah K Wootton
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Jim Petrik
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
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13
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Saltepe B, Kehribar EŞ, Su Yirmibeşoğlu SS, Şafak Şeker UÖ. Cellular Biosensors with Engineered Genetic Circuits. ACS Sens 2018; 3:13-26. [PMID: 29168381 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.7b00728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
An increasing interest in building novel biological devices with designed cellular functionalities has triggered the search of innovative tools for biocomputation. Utilizing the tools of synthetic biology, numerous genetic circuits have been implemented such as engineered logic operation in analog and digital circuits. Whole cell biosensors are widely used biological devices that employ several biocomputation tools to program cells for desired functions. Up to the present date, a wide range of whole-cell biosensors have been designed and implemented for disease theranostics, biomedical applications, and environmental monitoring. In this review, we investigated the recent developments in biocomputation tools such as analog, digital, and mix circuits, logic gates, switches, and state machines. Additionally, we stated the novel applications of biological devices with computing functionalities for diagnosis and therapy of various diseases such as infections, cancer, or metabolic diseases, as well as the detection of environmental pollutants such as heavy metals or organic toxic compounds. Current whole-cell biosensors are innovative alternatives to classical biosensors; however, there is still a need to advance decision making capabilities by developing novel biocomputing devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behide Saltepe
- UNAM-Institute
of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ebru Şahin Kehribar
- UNAM-Institute
of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Urartu Özgür Şafak Şeker
- UNAM-Institute
of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
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14
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Fokas E, Gambacorta MA, Rödel C, Valentini V. Radiation Therapy in Rectal Cancer. Radiat Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-52619-5_47-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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15
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Krupar R, Hautmann MG, Pathak RR, Varier I, McLaren C, Gaag D, Hellerbrand C, Evert M, Laban S, Idel C, Sandulache V, Perner S, Bosserhoff AK, Sikora AG. Immunometabolic Determinants of Chemoradiotherapy Response and Survival in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2017; 188:72-83. [PMID: 29107073 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2017.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Tumor immune microenvironment and tumor metabolism are major determinants of chemoradiotherapy response. The interdependency and prognostic significance of specific immune and metabolic phenotypes in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) were assessed and changes in reactive oxygen species were evaluated as a mechanism of treatment response in tumor spheroid/immunocyte co-cultures. Pretreatment tumor biopsies were immunohistochemically characterized in 73 HNSCC patients treated by definitive chemoradiotherapy and correlated with survival. The prognostic significance of CD8A, GLUT1, and COX5B gene expression was analyzed within The Cancer Genome Atlas database. HNSCC spheroids were co-cultured in vitro with peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in the presence of the glycolysis inhibitor 2-deoxyglucose and radiation treatment followed by PBMC chemotaxis determination via fluorescence microscopy. In the chemoradiotherapy-treated HNSCC cohort, mitochondrial-rich (COX5B) metabolism correlated with increased and glucose-dependent (GLUT1) metabolism with decreased intratumoral CD8/CD4 ratios. High CD8/CD4, together with mitochondrial-rich or glucose-independent metabolism, was associated with improved short-term survival. The Cancer Genome Atlas analysis confirmed that patients with a favorable immune and metabolic gene signature (high CD8A, high COX5B, low GLUT1) had improved short- and long-term survival. In vitro, 2-deoxyglucose and radiation synergistically up-regulated reactive oxygen species-dependent PBMC chemotaxis to HNSCC spheroids. These results suggest that glucose-independent tumor metabolism is associated with CD8-dominant antitumor immune infiltrate, and together, these contribute to improved chemoradiotherapy response in HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosemarie Krupar
- Pathology of the University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck and Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Center for Medicine and Biosciences, Lübeck, Germany; Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.
| | - Matthias G Hautmann
- Department of Radiotherapy, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ravi R Pathak
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Indu Varier
- Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Cassandra McLaren
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Doris Gaag
- Institute of Pathology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Claus Hellerbrand
- Institute of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Matthias Evert
- Institute of Pathology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Simon Laban
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Christian Idel
- Pathology of the University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck and Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Center for Medicine and Biosciences, Lübeck, Germany; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Vlad Sandulache
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Sven Perner
- Pathology of the University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck and Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Center for Medicine and Biosciences, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Anja K Bosserhoff
- Institute of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andrew G Sikora
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
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16
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Overcoming obstacles in the tumor microenvironment: Recent advancements in nanoparticle delivery for cancer theranostics. Biomaterials 2017; 156:217-237. [PMID: 29207323 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 256] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Despite rapid advancements in the field of nanotechnology, there is mounting frustration in the scientific community regarding the translational impact of nanomedicine. Modest therapeutic performance of FDA-approved nanomedicines combined with multiple disappointing clinical trials (such as phase III HEAT trial) have raised questions about the future of nanomedicine. Encouraging breakthroughs, however, have been made in the last few years towards the development of new classes of nanoparticles that can respond to tumor microenvironmental conditions and successfully deliver therapeutic agents to cancer cells. Concurrently, a great deal of effort has also been devoted to alter various parameters of tumor pathophysiology to pre-treat tumors before nanoparticles are administered. Such 'priming' treatments improve access of the systemically administered agents to the tumor and promote drug penetration into the deeper layers of tumor tissue. This review will highlight recent advances in cancer nanomedicine exploiting both nanoparticle design and tumor microenvironment modification; and provide a critical perspective on the future development of nanomedicine delivery in oncology.
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17
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Bi YL, Mi PY, Zhao SJ, Pan HM, Li HJ, Liu F, Shao LR, Zhang HF, Zhang P, Jiang SL. Salinomycin exhibits anti-angiogenic activity against human glioma in vitro and in vivo by suppressing the VEGF-VEGFR2-AKT/FAK signaling axis. Int J Mol Med 2017; 39:1255-1261. [PMID: 28358414 PMCID: PMC5403467 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.2940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor angiogenesis plays a crucial role in tumor growth, progression and metastasis, and suppression of tumor angiogenesis has been considered as a promising anticancer strategy. Salinomycin (SAL), an antibiotic, displays novel anticancer potential against several human cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. However, little information concerning its anti-angiogenic properties is available. Therefore, the anti‑angiogenic effect of SAL and the underlying mechanism in human glioma were evaluated in the present study. The results indicated that SAL treatment significantly inhibited human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) proliferation, migration, invasion and capillary-like tube formation. Further investigation on intracellular mechanisms showed that SAL markedly suppressed FAK and AKT phosphorylation, and downregulated vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in HUVECs. Pretreatment of cells with a PI3K inhibitor (LY294002) and FAK inhibitor (PF562271) markedly enhanced SAL-induced inhibition of HUVEC proliferation and migration, respectively. Moreover, U251 human glioma xenograft growth was also effectively blocked by SAL treatment in vivo via inhibition of angiogenesis involving FAK and AKT depho-sphorylation. Taken together, our findings validated that SAL inhibits angiogenesis and human glioma growth through suppression of the VEGF-VEGFR2-AKT/FAK signaling axis, indicating the potential application of SAL for the treatment of human glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ling Bi
- Department of Cardiology, Taian Central Hospital, Taian, Shandong 271000, P.R. China
| | - Pei-Yan Mi
- Department of Cardiology, Taian Central Hospital, Taian, Shandong 271000, P.R. China
| | - Shi-Jun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Cerebral Microcirculation in Universities of Shandong, Taishan Medical University, Taian, Shandong 271000, P.R. China
| | - Heng-Ming Pan
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Hui-Juan Li
- Department of Cardiology, Taian Central Hospital, Taian, Shandong 271000, P.R. China
| | - Fei Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Taian Central Hospital, Taian, Shandong 271000, P.R. China
| | - Lu-Rong Shao
- Key Laboratory of Cerebral Microcirculation in Universities of Shandong, Taishan Medical University, Taian, Shandong 271000, P.R. China
| | - Hui-Fang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cerebral Microcirculation in Universities of Shandong, Taishan Medical University, Taian, Shandong 271000, P.R. China
| | - Pu Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Taian Central Hospital, Taian, Shandong 271000, P.R. China
| | - Shi-Liang Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
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18
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Karam I, Yao M, Heron DE, Poon I, Koyfman SA, Yom SS, Siddiqui F, Lartigau E, Cengiz M, Yamazaki H, Hara W, Phan J, Vargo JA, Lee V, Foote RL, Harter KW, Lee NY, Sahgal A, Lo SS. Survey of current practices from the International Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy Consortium (ISBRTC) for head and neck cancers. Future Oncol 2017; 13:603-613. [DOI: 10.2217/fon-2016-0403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To provide a multi-institutional description of current practices of stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) for head and neck cancer. Materials & methods: 15 international institutions with significant experience in head and neck SBRT were asked to complete a questionnaire covering clinical and technical factors. Results: SBRT is used 10–100% of the time for recurrent primary head and neck cancer, and 0–10% of the time in newly diagnosed disease. Five centers use a constraint for primary disease of 3–5 cm and 25–30 cc. Nine institutions apply a clinical target volume expansion of 1–10 mm and 14 use a planning target volume margin of 1–5 mm. Fractionation regimens vary between 15 and 22 Gy in 1 fraction to 30–50 Gy in 5 or 6 fractions. The risk of carotid blowout quoted in the re-irradiation setting ranges from 3 to 20%. Conclusion: There is considerable heterogeneity in patient selection and techniques in head and neck SBRT practice among experienced centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Karam
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Science Center, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Min Yao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Dwight E Heron
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ian Poon
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Science Center, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Shlomo A Koyfman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Sue S Yom
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Farzan Siddiqui
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Eric Lartigau
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Centre Oscar Lambret, Lille, France
| | - Mustafa Cengiz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hideya Yamazaki
- Department of Radiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Wendy Hara
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jack Phan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - John A Vargo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Victor Lee
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Robert L Foote
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - K William Harter
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Georgetown University & Vincent T Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Nancy Y Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Arjun Sahgal
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Science Center, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Simon S Lo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
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19
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MicroRNA regulation of endothelial TREX1 reprograms the tumour microenvironment. Nat Commun 2016; 7:13597. [PMID: 27886180 PMCID: PMC5133658 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Rather than targeting tumour cells directly, elements of the tumour microenvironment can be modulated to sensitize tumours to the effects of therapy. Here we report a unique mechanism by which ectopic microRNA-103 can manipulate tumour-associated endothelial cells to enhance tumour cell death. Using gain-and-loss of function approaches, we show that miR-103 exacerbates DNA damage and inhibits angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo. Local, systemic or vascular-targeted delivery of miR-103 in tumour-bearing mice decreased angiogenesis and tumour growth. Mechanistically, miR-103 regulation of its target gene TREX1 in endothelial cells governs the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines into the tumour microenvironment. Our data suggest that this inflammatory milieu may potentiate tumour cell death by supporting immune activation and inducing tumour expression of Fas and TRAIL receptors. Our findings reveal miR-mediated crosstalk between vasculature and tumour cells that can be exploited to improve the efficacy of chemotherapy and radiation. The tumour microenvironment can be modulated to sensitize tumours to the effects of therapy. Here the authors show that radiation induced miR-103 downregulates TREX1 in endothelial cells, decreases angiogenesis and leads to the secretion of proinflammatory mediators that reduce tumour growth.
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20
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Diana A, Wang LM, D'Costa Z, Azad A, Silva MA, Soonawalla Z, Allen P, Liu S, McKenna WG, Muschel RJ, Fokas E. Prognostic role and correlation of CA9, CD31, CD68 and CD20 with the desmoplastic stroma in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Oncotarget 2016; 7:72819-72832. [PMID: 27637082 PMCID: PMC5341946 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We assessed the prognostic value of hypoxia (carbonic anhydrase 9; CA9), vessel density (CD31), with macrophages (CD68) and B cells (CD20) that can interact and lead to immune suppression and disease progression using scanning and histological mapping of whole-mount FFPE pancreatectomy tissue sections from 141 primarily resectable pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) samples treated with surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy. Their expression was correlated with clinicopathological characteristics, and overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), local progression-free survival (LPFS) and distant metastases free-survival (DMFS), also in the context of stroma density (haematoxylin-eosin) and activity (alpha-smooth muscle actin). The median OS was 21 months after a mean follow-up of 20 months (range, 2-69 months). The median tumor surface area positive for CA9 and CD31 was 7.8% and 8.1%, respectively. Although total expression of these markers lacked prognostic value in the entire cohort, nevertheless, high tumor compartment CD68 expression correlated with worse PFS (p = 0.033) and DMFS (p = 0.047). Also, high CD31 expression predicted for worse OS (p = 0.004), PFS (p = 0.008), LPFS (p = 0.014) and DMFS (p = 0.004) in patients with moderate density stroma. High stromal and peripheral compartment CD68 expression predicted for significantly worse outcome in patients with loose and moderate stroma density, respectively. Altogether, in contrast to the current notion, hypoxia levels in PDAC appear to be comparable to other malignancies. CD31 and CD68 constitute prognostic markers in patient subgroups that vary according to tumor compartment and stromal density. Our study provides important insight on the pathophysiology of PDAC and should be exploited for future treatments.
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MESH Headings
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Antigens, CD20/metabolism
- Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic/metabolism
- Antigens, Neoplasm/metabolism
- Biomarkers, Tumor
- Carbonic Anhydrase IX/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/diagnosis
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/mortality
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/therapy
- Combined Modality Therapy
- Female
- Humans
- Hypoxia/metabolism
- Immunohistochemistry
- Macrophages/metabolism
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasm Grading
- Neoplasm Staging
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/metabolism
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/diagnosis
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/metabolism
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/mortality
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/therapy
- Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1/metabolism
- Prognosis
- Stromal Cells/metabolism
- Survival Analysis
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Diana
- Department of Oncology, CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Lai Mun Wang
- Department of Pathology, Oxford University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Zenobia D'Costa
- Department of Oncology, CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Abul Azad
- Department of Oncology, CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Michael A. Silva
- Department of Surgery, Oxford University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Zahir Soonawalla
- Department of Surgery, Oxford University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Paul Allen
- Department of Pathology, Oxford University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Stanley Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - W. Gillies McKenna
- Department of Oncology, CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ruth J. Muschel
- Department of Oncology, CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Emmanouil Fokas
- Department of Oncology, CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Current Address: Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Goethe University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
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21
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Doi Y, Abu Lila AS, Matsumoto H, Okada T, Shimizu T, Ishida T. Improvement of intratumor microdistribution of PEGylated liposome via tumor priming by metronomic S-1 dosing. Int J Nanomedicine 2016; 11:5573-5582. [PMID: 27822036 PMCID: PMC5087787 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s119069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The efficient delivery of nanocarrier-based cancer therapeutics into tumor tissue is problematic. Structural abnormalities, tumor vasculature heterogeneity, and elevated intratumor pressure impose barriers against the preferential accumulation of nanocarrier-based cancer therapeutics within tumor tissues and, consequently, compromise their therapeutic efficacy. Recently, we have reported that metronomic S-1, orally available tegafur formulation, dosing synergistically augmented the therapeutic efficacy of oxaliplatin (l-OHP)-containing PEGylated liposome without increasing the toxicity in animal model. However, the exact mechanism behind such synergistic effect was not fully elucidated. In this study, therefore, we tried to shed the light on the contributions of metronomic S-1 dosing to the enhanced accumulation and/or spatial distribution of PEGylated liposome within tumor tissue. Tumor priming with metronomic S-1 treatment induced a potent apoptotic response against both angiogenic endothelial cells and tumor cells adjacent to tumor blood vessels, resulting in enhanced tumor blood flow via transient normalization of tumor vasculature, along with alleviation of intratumor pressure. Such a change in the tumor microenvironment imparted by S-1 treatment allows efficient delivery of PEGylated liposome to tumor tissue and permits their deep penetration/distribution into the tumor mass. Such a priming effect of S-1 dosing can be exploited as a promising strategy to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of nanocarrier-based cancer therapeutics suffering from inadequate/heterogeneous delivery to tumor tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Doi
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Amr S Abu Lila
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan; Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt; Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hail University, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haruna Matsumoto
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Tomoko Okada
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Taro Shimizu
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiro Ishida
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
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Abbasi AZ, Gordijo CR, Amini MA, Maeda A, Rauth AM, DaCosta RS, Wu XY. Hybrid Manganese Dioxide Nanoparticles Potentiate Radiation Therapy by Modulating Tumor Hypoxia. Cancer Res 2016; 76:6643-6656. [PMID: 27758881 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-3475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Revised: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia in the tumor microenvironment (TME) mediates resistance to radiotherapy and contributes to poor prognosis in patients receiving radiotherapy. Here we report the design of clinically suitable formulations of hybrid manganese dioxide (MnO2) nanoparticles (MDNP) using biocompatible materials to reoxygenate the TME by reacting with endogenous H2O2 MDNP containing hydrophilic terpolymer-protein-MnO2 or hydrophobic polymer-lipid-MnO2 provided different oxygen generation rates in the TME relevant to different clinical settings. In highly hypoxic murine or human xenograft breast tumor models, we found that administering either MDNP formulation before radiotherapy modulated tumor hypoxia and increased radiotherapy efficacy, acting to reduce tumor growth, VEGF expression, and vascular density. MDNP treatment also increased apoptosis and DNA double strand breaks, increasing median host survival 3- to 5-fold. Notably, in the murine model, approximately 40% of tumor-bearing mice were tumor-free after a single treatment with MDNPs plus radiotherapy at a 2.5-fold lower dose than required to achieve the same curative treatment without MDNPs. Overall, our findings offer a preclinical proof of concept for the use of MDNP formulations as effective radiotherapy adjuvants. Cancer Res; 76(22); 6643-56. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azhar Z Abbasi
- Advanced Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery Laboratory, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Claudia R Gordijo
- Advanced Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery Laboratory, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mohammad Ali Amini
- Advanced Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery Laboratory, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Azusa Maeda
- Departments of Medical Biophysics and Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrew M Rauth
- Departments of Medical Biophysics and Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ralph S DaCosta
- Departments of Medical Biophysics and Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Techna Institute, University Health Network, Toronto Ontario, Canada
| | - Xiao Yu Wu
- Advanced Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery Laboratory, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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24
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Fokas E, Rödel C. Targeted agents in GI radiotherapy: Clinical efficacy and side effects. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 2016; 30:537-49. [PMID: 27644903 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpg.2016.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Approximately 50% of all patients with cancer receive radiotherapy (RT) at some point during their treatment. Despite the advent of modern imaging and advances in planning and delivering highly-conformal and precise RT, further dose escalation to improve clinical outcome is often limited by the potential side-effects to adjacent tissues. Addition of chemotherapy to radiotherapy (CRT) has led to significant clinical improvements in many gastrointestinal malignancies but at the expense of increased toxicity as most chemotherapy drugs lack specificity. Targeted agents modulate specific biological pathways and can potentially enhance RT efficacy. However, so far, the majority of clinical studies incorporating targeted agents into RT and CRT have produced disappointing results in gastrointestinal malignancies. Also, we lack validated biomarkers and methods for monitoring and predicting the efficacy of these agents when combined with RT/CRT. In the present article, we will review the most important targeted therapies, and examine the efficacy and toxicity of these agents when combined with RT/CRT in gastrointestinal malignancies. The shortcomings as well as future challenges and perspectives for the successful use of these compounds with RT/CRT in future trials will also be outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanouil Fokas
- Department of Oncology, CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, University of Frankfurt, Germany; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) partner site: Frankfurt, Germany.
| | - Claus Rödel
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, University of Frankfurt, Germany; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) partner site: Frankfurt, Germany
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25
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Roquet N, Soleimany AP, Ferris AC, Aaronson S, Lu TK. Synthetic recombinase-based state machines in living cells. Science 2016; 353:aad8559. [PMID: 27463678 DOI: 10.1126/science.aad8559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
State machines underlie the sophisticated functionality behind human-made and natural computing systems that perform order-dependent information processing. We developed a recombinase-based framework for building state machines in living cells by leveraging chemically controlled DNA excision and inversion operations to encode states in DNA sequences. This strategy enables convenient readout of states (by sequencing and/or polymerase chain reaction) as well as complex regulation of gene expression. We validated our framework by engineering state machines in Escherichia coli that used one, two, or three chemical inputs to control up to 16 DNA states. These state machines were capable of recording the temporal order of all inputs and performing multi-input, multi-output control of gene expression. We also developed a computational tool for the automated design of gene regulation programs using recombinase-based state machines. Our scalable framework should enable new strategies for recording and studying how combinational and temporal events regulate complex cell functions and for programming sophisticated cell behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel Roquet
- Synthetic Biology Group, Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. Synthetic Biology Center, Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. Biophysics Program, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ava P Soleimany
- Synthetic Biology Group, Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. Synthetic Biology Center, Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Alyssa C Ferris
- Synthetic Biology Group, Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. Synthetic Biology Center, Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. Biochemistry Program, Wellesley College, Wellesley, MA 02481, USA
| | - Scott Aaronson
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Timothy K Lu
- Synthetic Biology Group, Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. Synthetic Biology Center, Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. Biophysics Program, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA. Center for Microbiome Informatics and Therapeutics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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Kim SJ, Kim JH, Chang HK, Kim KH. Let’s rethinking about the safety of phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor in the patients with erectile dysfunction after radical prostatectomy. J Exerc Rehabil 2016; 12:143-7. [PMID: 27419107 PMCID: PMC4934956 DOI: 10.12965/jer.1632646.323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
As the radical prostatectomy (RP) for the patient diagnosed as localized prostate cancer has been increasing, erectile dysfunction (ED) associated with RP is increased and ED after RP is a significant risk factor to reduce the quality of life for the patient after RP. Therefore, the treatment concept called penile rehabilitation was introduced and phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor (PDE5I) is used widely for the prostate cancer patient after RP. Generally PDE5I is considered as safe and effective drug for the prostate cancer patient after RP. Recently, a report against the general opinion that PDE5I use is safe in the patient with prostate cancer was reported and the analysis of 5-yr biochemical recurrence-free survival after RP between the PDE5I users and non-PDE5I users after bilateral nerve sparing RP showed decreased 5-yr biochemical recurrence-free survival in the PDE5I users. In addition, a longitudinal cohort study reported that sildenafil, a kind of PDE5I, use might be associated with the development of melanoma and this result suggested the possibility of adverse effect of PDE5I on some kinds of cancers as well as prostate cancer. Moreover, the studies to evaluate the influence of nitric oxide (NO) and guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) signaling pathway associated with PDE5 showed both cancer reduction and cancer development. Therefore, the role of NO and cGMP signaling pathway in cancer was reviewed based on the previous studies and suggested the necessity of further clinical studies concerning about the safety of PDE5I in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Jin Kim
- Department of Urology, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul,
Korea
- Catholic Fertiltiy Care Center, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Ju Ho Kim
- Department of Urology, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University School of Medicine, Incheon,
Korea
| | - Hyun-Kyung Chang
- Department of Urology, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University School of Medicine, Incheon,
Korea
| | - Khae Hawn Kim
- Department of Urology, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University School of Medicine, Incheon,
Korea
- Corresponding author: Khae Hawn Kim, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7045-8004, Department of Urology, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University School of Medicine, 21 Namdong-daero 774beon-gil, Namdong-gu, Incheon 21565, Korea, Tel: +82-32-460-3334, Fax: +82-32-460-8340, E-mail:
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Bora-Singhal N, Perumal D, Nguyen J, Chellappan S. Gli1-Mediated Regulation of Sox2 Facilitates Self-Renewal of Stem-Like Cells and Confers Resistance to EGFR Inhibitors in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Neoplasia 2016; 17:538-51. [PMID: 26297432 PMCID: PMC4547412 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2015.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Revised: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients have very low survival rates because the current therapeutic strategies are not fully effective. Although EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors are effective for NSCLC patients harboring EGFR mutations, patients invariably develop resistance to these agents. Alterations in multiple signaling cascades have been associated with the development of resistance to EGFR inhibitors. Sonic Hedgehog and associated Gli transcription factors play a major role in embryonic development and have recently been found to be reactivated in NSCLC, and elevated Gli1 levels correlate with poor prognosis. The Hedgehog pathway has been implicated in the functions of cancer stem cells, although the underlying molecular mechanisms are not clear. In this context, we demonstrate that Gli1 is a strong regulator of embryonic stem cell transcription factor Sox2. Depletion of Gli1 or inhibition of the Hedgehog signaling significantly abrogated the self-renewal of stem-like side-population cells from NSCLCs as well as vascular mimicry of such cells. Gli1 was found to transcriptionally regulate Sox2 through its promoter region, and Gli1 could be detected on the Sox2 promoter. Inhibition of Hedgehog signaling appeared to work cooperatively with EGFR inhibitors in markedly reducing the viability of NSCLC cells as well as the self-renewal of stem-like cells. Thus, our study demonstrates a cooperative functioning of the EGFR signaling and Hedgehog pathways in governing the stem-like functions of NSCLC cancer stem cells and presents a novel therapeutic strategy to combat NSCLC harboring EGFR mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namrata Bora-Singhal
- Department of Tumor Biology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Deepak Perumal
- Department of Tumor Biology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Jonathan Nguyen
- Department of Tumor Biology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Srikumar Chellappan
- Department of Tumor Biology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.
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Wilson JM, Fokas E, Dutton SJ, Patel N, Hawkins MA, Eccles C, Chu KY, Durrant L, Abraham AG, Partridge M, Woodward M, O'Neill E, Maughan T, McKenna WG, Mukherjee S, Brunner TB. ARCII: A phase II trial of the HIV protease inhibitor Nelfinavir in combination with chemoradiation for locally advanced inoperable pancreatic cancer. Radiother Oncol 2016; 119:306-11. [PMID: 27117177 PMCID: PMC4917892 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2016.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2015] [Revised: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Nelfinavir can enhance intrinsic radiosensitivity, reduce hypoxia and improve vascularity. We conducted a phase II trial combining nelfinavir with chemoradiotherapy (CRT) for locally advanced inoperable pancreatic cancer (LAPC). MATERIALS AND METHODS Radiotherapy (50.4Gy/28 fractions; boost to 59.4Gy/33 fractions) was administered with weekly gemcitabine and cisplatin. Nelfinavir started 3-10days before and was continued during CRT. The primary end-point was 1-year overall survival (OS). Secondary end-points included histological downstaging, radiological response, 1-year progression free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS) and treatment toxicity. An imaging sub-study (n=6) evaluated hypoxia ((18)F-Fluoromisonidazole-PET) and perfusion (perfusion CT) during induction nelfinavir. RESULTS The study closed after recruiting 23 patients, due to non-availability of Nelfinavir in Europe. The 1-year OS was 73.4% (90% CI: 54.5-85.5%) and median OS was 17.4months (90% CI: 12.8-18.8). The 1-year PFS was 21.8% (90% CI: 8.9-38.3%) and median PFS was 5.5months (90% CI: 4.1-8.3). All patients experienced Grade 3/4 toxicity, but many were asymptomatic laboratory abnormalities. Four of 6 patients on the imaging sub-study demonstrated reduced hypoxia and increased perfusion post-nelfinavir. CONCLUSIONS CRT combined with nelfinavir showed acceptable toxicity and promising survival in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M Wilson
- Department of Oncology, CRUK/MRC Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Emmanouil Fokas
- Department of Oncology, CRUK/MRC Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Susan J Dutton
- Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Neel Patel
- Department of Radiology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - Maria A Hawkins
- Department of Oncology, CRUK/MRC Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Cynthia Eccles
- Department of Radiotherapy, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - Kwun-Ye Chu
- Department of Oncology, CRUK/MRC Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, UK; Department of Radiotherapy, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - Lisa Durrant
- Department of Radiotherapy, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - Aswin G Abraham
- Department of Oncology, CRUK/MRC Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Mike Partridge
- Department of Oncology, CRUK/MRC Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Martha Woodward
- Early Phase Research Hub, Department of Oncology, Oxford Cancer and Haematology Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - Eric O'Neill
- Department of Oncology, CRUK/MRC Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Tim Maughan
- Department of Oncology, CRUK/MRC Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, UK
| | - W Gillies McKenna
- Department of Oncology, CRUK/MRC Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Somnath Mukherjee
- Department of Oncology, CRUK/MRC Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, UK.
| | - Thomas B Brunner
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Freiburg, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Partner Site Freiburg, Germany
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Huang WC, Chiang WH, Cheng YH, Lin WC, Yu CF, Yen CY, Yeh CK, Chern CS, Chiang CS, Chiu HC. Tumortropic monocyte-mediated delivery of echogenic polymer bubbles and therapeutic vesicles for chemotherapy of tumor hypoxia. Biomaterials 2015; 71:71-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Revised: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/16/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Karam I, Poon I, Lee J, Liu S, Higgins K, Enepekides D, Sahgal A, Lo SS. Stereotactic body radiotherapy for head and neck cancer: an addition to the armamentarium against head and neck cancer. Future Oncol 2015; 11:2937-47. [DOI: 10.2217/fon.15.236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In the recent years, stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) has emerged as a potential therapy for head and neck malignancies. Although early results appear to be promising, serious acute and late effects have been observed, mainly in patients who have had prior external beam radiotherapy. This review will discuss the radiobiology of SBRT, clinical rationale and outcomes for SBRT in head and neck cancers and focus on the benefits and potential limitations in both de novo and re-irradiation settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Karam
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Science Centre, University of Toronto, 2075 Bayview Avenue, M4N 3M5, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ian Poon
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Science Centre, University of Toronto, 2075 Bayview Avenue, M4N 3M5, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Justin Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Science Centre, University of Toronto, 2075 Bayview Avenue, M4N 3M5, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Stanley Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Science Centre, University of Toronto, 2075 Bayview Avenue, M4N 3M5, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kevin Higgins
- Department of Otolaryngology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, 2075 Bayview Avenue, M4N 3M5, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Danny Enepekides
- Department of Otolaryngology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, 2075 Bayview Avenue, M4N 3M5, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Arjun Sahgal
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Science Centre, University of Toronto, 2075 Bayview Avenue, M4N 3M5, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Simon S Lo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, 11100 Euclid Avenue, LTR B181, Cleveland, OH, USA
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31
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Allison RR. Radiobiological modifiers in clinical radiation oncology: current reality and future potential. Future Oncol 2015; 10:2359-79. [PMID: 25525845 DOI: 10.2217/fon.14.174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation therapy can successfully ablate tumors. However, the same ionization process that destroys a cancer can also permanently damage surrounding organs resulting in unwanted clinical morbidity. Therefore, modern radiation therapy attempts to minimize dose to normal tissue to prevent side effects. Still, as tumors and normal tissues intercalate, the risk of normal tissue injury often may prevent tumoricidal doses of radiation therapy to be delivered. This paper will review current outcomes and limitations of radiobiological modifiers that may selectively enhance the radiosensitivity of tumors as well as parallel techniques that may protect normal tissues from radiation injury. Future endeavors based in part upon newly elucidated genetic pathways will be highlighted.
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Buijsen J, van den Bogaard J, Jutten B, Belgers E, Sosef M, Leijtens JW, Beets GL, Jansen RL, Riedl RG, Clarijs R, Lammering G, Lambin P. A phase I–II study on the combination of rapamycin and short course radiotherapy in rectal cancer. Radiother Oncol 2015; 116:214-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2015.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Revised: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Yang F, Bai Y, Jiang Y. Effects of Apelin on RAW264.7 cells under both normal and hypoxic conditions. Peptides 2015; 69:133-43. [PMID: 25963277 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2015.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Revised: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages are an important source of pro-inflammatory and pro-angiogenic factors, which can promote pathological processes involving inflammation and angiogenesis. This study investigated the effects of Apelin on macrophages under both normal and hypoxic conditions. Under normal culture conditions, Apelin down-regulated the mRNA expression levels of monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP1), monocyte chemotactic protein 3 (MCP3), macrophage inflammatory protein 1 (MIP1α, MIP1β), vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), Angiopoietin 2 (Ang2) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα). The supernatant concentrations of MCP1, MCP3, MIP1α, MIP1β, macrophage inflammatory protein 2 (MIP2) and TNFα proteins were significantly decreased in the Apelin treated group. Hypoxia induced profound up-regulations of the angiogenic, chemokine, and inflammatory factors at both the mRNA and protein levels. Apelin suppressed the hypoxia-induced increases in MCP1, MCP3, MIP2, MIP1β and TNFα expression. The underlying mechanism of Apelin inhibit inflammation is regulating NF-κB/JNK signal pathway. Additionally, Apelin can protect macrophages from apoptosis and can enhance cell migration during hypoxia. And cleaved Caspase9/3 pathways were involved in Apelin inhibiting RAW264.7 apoptosis. In conclusion, we showed the effect of Apelin on RAW264.7 macrophage under normal and hypoxic condition, which could further influence the angiogenesis and inflammation process that promoted by macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University People's Hospital, Key Laboratory of Vision Loss and Restoration, Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yujing Bai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University People's Hospital, Key Laboratory of Vision Loss and Restoration, Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, Beijing, China.
| | - Yanrong Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University People's Hospital, Key Laboratory of Vision Loss and Restoration, Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, Beijing, China.
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Tumor Microenvironment as a Determinant of Photodynamic Therapy Resistance. RESISTANCE TO TARGETED ANTI-CANCER THERAPEUTICS 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-12730-9_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Mitchell RA, Yaddanapudi K. Stromal-dependent tumor promotion by MIF family members. Cell Signal 2014; 26:2969-78. [PMID: 25277536 PMCID: PMC4293307 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2014.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Solid tumors are composed of a heterogeneous population of cells that interact with each other and with soluble and insoluble factors that, when combined, strongly influence the relative proliferation, differentiation, motility, matrix remodeling, metabolism and microvessel density of malignant lesions. One family of soluble factors that is becoming increasingly associated with pro-tumoral phenotypes within tumor microenvironments is that of the migration inhibitory factor family which includes its namesake, MIF, and its only known family member, D-dopachrome tautomerase (D-DT). This review seeks to highlight our current understanding of the relative contributions of a variety of immune and non-immune tumor stromal cell populations and, within those contexts, will summarize the literature associated with MIF and/or D-DT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Mitchell
- JG Brown Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States.
| | - Kavitha Yaddanapudi
- JG Brown Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States
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Branco-Price C, Evans CE, Johnson RS. Endothelial hypoxic metabolism in carcinogenesis and dissemination: HIF-A isoforms are a NO metastatic phenomenon. Oncotarget 2014; 4:2567-76. [PMID: 24318195 PMCID: PMC3926849 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.1461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor biology is a broad and encompassing field of research, particularly given recent demonstrations of the multicellular nature of solid tumors, which have led to studies of molecular and metabolic intercellular interactions that regulate cancer progression. Hypoxia is a broad stimulus that results in activation of hypoxia inducible factors (HIFs). Downstream HIF targets include angiogenic factors (e.g. vascular endothelial growth factor, VEGF) and highly reactive molecules (e.g. nitric oxide, NO) that act as cell-specific switches with unique spatial and temporal effects on cancer progression. The effect of cell-specific responses to hypoxia on tumour progression and spread, as well as potential therapeutic strategies to target metastatic disease, are currently under active investigation. Vascular endothelial remodelling events at tumour and metastatic sites are responsive to hypoxia, HIF activation, and NO signalling. Here, we describe the interactions between endothelial HIF and NO during tumor growth and spread, and outline the effects of endothelial HIF/NO signalling on cancer progression. In doing so, we attempt to identify areas of metastasis research that require attention, in order to ultimately facilitate the development of novel treatments that reduce or prevent tumour dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Branco-Price
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Fang J, Zhou SH, Fan J, Yan SX. Roles of glucose transporter-1 and the phosphatidylinositol 3‑kinase/protein kinase B pathway in cancer radioresistance (review). Mol Med Rep 2014; 11:1573-81. [PMID: 25376370 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying cancer radioresistance remain unclear. Several studies have found that increased glucose transporter‑1 (GLUT‑1) expression is associated with radioresistance. Recently, the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) pathway was reported to be involved in the control of GLUT‑1 trafficking and activity. Activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway may itself be associated with cancer radioresistance. Thus, increasing attention has been devoted to the effects of modifying the expression of GLUT‑1 and the PI3K/Akt pathway on the increase in the radiosensitivity of cancer cells. This review discusses the importance of the association between elevated expression of GLUT‑1 and activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway in the development of radioresistance in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Fang
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Second Hospital of Jiaxing City, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314000, P.R. China
| | - Shui-Hong Zhou
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Jun Fan
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Sen-Xiang Yan
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
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Head and neck cancer relapse after chemoradiotherapy correlates with CD163+ macrophages in primary tumour and CD11b+ myeloid cells in recurrences. Br J Cancer 2014; 111:1509-18. [PMID: 25093488 PMCID: PMC4200089 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2014.446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Revised: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 07/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: We investigated the prognostic role of tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) treated with definitive chemoradiotherapy (CRT). Methods: The expression of CD68+, CD163+ and CD11b+ cells was assessed using immunohistochemistry in n=106 pre-treatment tumour biopsy samples and was correlated with clinicopathological characteristics, including T-stage, N-stage, grading, tumour localisation, age and sex as well as local failure-free survival (LFFS), distant metastases-free survival (DMFS), progression-free (PFS), and overall survival (OS). Finally, TAMs expression and vessel density (CD31) were examined in n=12 available early local recurrence samples and compared with their matched primary tumours . The diagnostic images and radiotherapy plans of these 12 patients were also analysed. All local recurrences occurred in the high radiation dose region (⩾70 Gy). Results: With a median follow-up of 40 months, OS at 2 years was 60.5%. High CD163 expression in primary tumours was associated with decreased OS (P=0.010), PFS (P=0.033), LFFS (P=0.036) and DMFS (P=0.038) in multivariate analysis. CD163 demonstrated a strong prognostic value only in human papillomavirus (p16INK4)-negative patients. Early local recurrence specimens demonstrated a significantly increased infiltration of CD11b+ myeloid cells (P=0.0097) but decreased CD31-positive vessel density (P=0.0004) compared with their matched primary samples. Conclusions: Altogether, baseline CD163 expression predicts for an unfavourable clinical outcome in HNSCC after definitive CRT. Early local recurrences showed increased infiltration by CD11b+ cells. These data provide important insight on the role of TAMs in mediating response to CRT in patients with HNSCC.
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39
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Treister D, Kingston S, Hoque KE, Law M, Shiroishi MS. Multimodal Magnetic Resonance Imaging Evaluation of Primary Brain Tumors. Semin Oncol 2014; 41:478-495. [DOI: 10.1053/j.seminoncol.2014.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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40
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Dubrovska A. Report on the International Workshop 'Cancer stem cells: the mechanisms of radioresistance and biomarker discovery'. Int J Radiat Biol 2014; 90:607-14. [PMID: 24844377 DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2014.920968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the Workshop "Cancer stem cells: The mechanisms of radioresistance and biomarker discovery", which was held on 23-24 September 2013 at OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology in Dresden, Germany, was to bring together the most recent viewpoints and insights about: (i) the molecular characterization and regulation of CSC, (ii) the mechanisms of CSC radioresistance, and (iii) the discovery of new CSC targeting therapeutics and biomarkers. In this report some research aspects presented in these three topics are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Dubrovska
- OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden , German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg , Germany
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41
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Gobin B, Huin MB, Lamoureux F, Ory B, Charrier C, Lanel R, Battaglia S, Redini F, Lezot F, Blanchard F, Heymann D. BYL719, a new α-specific PI3K inhibitor: Single administration and in combination with conventional chemotherapy for the treatment of osteosarcoma. Int J Cancer 2014; 136:784-96. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bérengère Gobin
- INSERM, UMR 957; Nantes 44035 France
- Université de Nantes; Physiopathologie de la Résorption Osseuse et Thérapie des Tumeurs Osseuses Primitives; Nantes 44035 France
| | - Marc Baud' Huin
- INSERM, UMR 957; Nantes 44035 France
- Université de Nantes; Physiopathologie de la Résorption Osseuse et Thérapie des Tumeurs Osseuses Primitives; Nantes 44035 France
| | - François Lamoureux
- INSERM, UMR 957; Nantes 44035 France
- Université de Nantes; Physiopathologie de la Résorption Osseuse et Thérapie des Tumeurs Osseuses Primitives; Nantes 44035 France
| | - Benjamin Ory
- INSERM, UMR 957; Nantes 44035 France
- Université de Nantes; Physiopathologie de la Résorption Osseuse et Thérapie des Tumeurs Osseuses Primitives; Nantes 44035 France
| | - Céline Charrier
- INSERM, UMR 957; Nantes 44035 France
- Université de Nantes; Physiopathologie de la Résorption Osseuse et Thérapie des Tumeurs Osseuses Primitives; Nantes 44035 France
- Equipe LIGUE Nationale Contre le Cancer 2012; Nantes 44035 France
| | - Rachel Lanel
- INSERM, UMR 957; Nantes 44035 France
- Université de Nantes; Physiopathologie de la Résorption Osseuse et Thérapie des Tumeurs Osseuses Primitives; Nantes 44035 France
| | - Séverine Battaglia
- INSERM, UMR 957; Nantes 44035 France
- Université de Nantes; Physiopathologie de la Résorption Osseuse et Thérapie des Tumeurs Osseuses Primitives; Nantes 44035 France
| | - Françoise Redini
- INSERM, UMR 957; Nantes 44035 France
- Université de Nantes; Physiopathologie de la Résorption Osseuse et Thérapie des Tumeurs Osseuses Primitives; Nantes 44035 France
- Equipe LIGUE Nationale Contre le Cancer 2012; Nantes 44035 France
- CHU de Nantes; Nantes 44035 France
| | - Frédéric Lezot
- INSERM, UMR 957; Nantes 44035 France
- Université de Nantes; Physiopathologie de la Résorption Osseuse et Thérapie des Tumeurs Osseuses Primitives; Nantes 44035 France
| | - Frédéric Blanchard
- INSERM, UMR 957; Nantes 44035 France
- Université de Nantes; Physiopathologie de la Résorption Osseuse et Thérapie des Tumeurs Osseuses Primitives; Nantes 44035 France
- Equipe LIGUE Nationale Contre le Cancer 2012; Nantes 44035 France
| | - Dominique Heymann
- INSERM, UMR 957; Nantes 44035 France
- Université de Nantes; Physiopathologie de la Résorption Osseuse et Thérapie des Tumeurs Osseuses Primitives; Nantes 44035 France
- Equipe LIGUE Nationale Contre le Cancer 2012; Nantes 44035 France
- CHU de Nantes; Nantes 44035 France
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42
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Hammond EM, Asselin MC, Forster D, O'Connor JPB, Senra JM, Williams KJ. The meaning, measurement and modification of hypoxia in the laboratory and the clinic. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2014; 26:277-88. [PMID: 24602562 DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2014.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Revised: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia was identified as a microenvironmental component of solid tumours over 60 years ago and was immediately recognised as a potential barrier to therapy through the reliance of radiotherapy on oxygen to elicit maximal cytotoxicity. Over the last two decades both clinical and experimental studies have markedly enhanced our understanding of how hypoxia influences cellular behaviour and therapy response. Furthermore, they have confirmed early assumptions that low oxygenation status in tumours is an exploitable target in cancer therapy. Generally such approaches will be more beneficial to patients with hypoxic tumours, necessitating the use of biomarkers that reflect oxygenation status. Tissue biomarkers have shown utility in many studies. Further significant advances have been made in the non-invasive measurement of tumour hypoxia with positron emission tomography, magnetic resonance imaging and other imaging modalities. Here, we describe the complexities of defining and measuring tumour hypoxia and highlight the therapeutic approaches to combat it.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Hammond
- The Gray Institute for Radiation Oncology and Biology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - M-C Asselin
- Wolfson Molecular Imaging Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - D Forster
- Wolfson Molecular Imaging Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - J P B O'Connor
- Centre for Imaging Sciences, Institute of Population Health, Manchester, UK
| | - J M Senra
- The Gray Institute for Radiation Oncology and Biology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - K J Williams
- Manchester Pharmacy School, Cambridge-Manchester Cancer Research UK Comprehensive Imaging Centre, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, The University Manchester, Manchester, UK.
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43
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Koh TS, Thng CH, Hartono S, Dominguez LTM, Lim TKH, Huynh H, Martarello L, Ng QS. Assessment of tumor necrotic fraction by dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI: a preclinical study of human tumor xenografts with histopathologic correlation. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2014; 27:486-494. [PMID: 24535773 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Revised: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/09/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Contrary to the common notion that tumor necrotic regions are non-enhancing after contrast administration, recent evidence has shown that necrotic regions exhibit delayed and slow uptake of gadolinium tracer on dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE MRI). The purpose of this study is to explore whether the mapping of tumor voxels with delayed and slow enhancement on DCE MRI can be used to derive estimates of tumor necrotic fraction. Patient-derived tumor xenograft lines of seven human cancers were implanted in 26 mice which were subjected to DCE MRI performed using a spoiled gradient recalled sequence. Gadolinium tracer concentration was estimated using the variable flip angle technique. To identify tumor voxels exhibiting delayed and slow uptake of contrast medium, clustering analysis was performed using a k-means clustering algorithm that classified tumor voxels according to their contrast enhancement patterns. Comparison of the percentage of tumor voxels exhibiting delayed and slow enhancement with the tumor necrotic fraction estimated on histology showed a strong correlation (r = 0.962, p < 0.001). The mapping of tumor regions with delayed and slow contrast uptake on DCE MRI correlated strongly with tumor necrotic fraction, and can potentially serve as a non-invasive imaging surrogate for the in vivo assessment of necrotic fraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong San Koh
- Department of Oncologic Imaging, National Cancer Center, Singapore; Center for Quantitative Biology, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore
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Fokas E, Prevo R, Hammond EM, Brunner TB, McKenna WG, Muschel RJ. Targeting ATR in DNA damage response and cancer therapeutics. Cancer Treat Rev 2014; 40:109-17. [PMID: 23583268 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2013.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2013] [Revised: 03/06/2013] [Accepted: 03/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related (ATR) plays an important role in maintaining genome integrity during DNA replication through the phosphorylation and activation of Chk1 and regulation of the DNA damage response. Preclinical studies have shown that disruption of ATR pathway can exacerbate the levels of replication stress in oncogene-driven murine tumors to promote cell killing. Additionally, inhibition of ATR can sensitise tumor cells to radiation or chemotherapy. Accumulating evidence suggests that targeting ATR can selectively sensitize cancer cells but not normal cells to DNA damage. Furthermore, in hypoxic conditions, ATR blockade results in overloading replication stress and DNA damage response causing cell death. Despite the attractiveness of ATR inhibition in the treatment of cancer, specific ATR inhibitors have remained elusive. In the last two years however, selective ATR inhibitors suitable for in vitro and - most recently - in vivo studies have been identified. In this article, we will review the literature on ATR function, its role in DDR and the potential of ATR inhibition to enhance the efficacy of radiation and chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanouil Fokas
- Gray Institute for Radiation Oncology and Biology, Department of Oncology, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Radiation Therapy and Oncology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany.
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45
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Serres S, O'Brien ER, Sibson NR. Imaging angiogenesis, inflammation, and metastasis in the tumor microenvironment with magnetic resonance imaging. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2014; 772:263-83. [PMID: 24272363 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-5915-6_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
With the development of new imaging techniques, the potential for probing the molecular, cellular, and structural components of the tumor microenvironment in situ has increased dramatically. A multitude of imaging modalities have been successfully employed to probe different aspects of the tumor microenvironment, including expression of molecules, cell motion, cellularity, vessel permeability, vascular perfusion, metabolic and physiological changes, apoptosis, and inflammation. This chapter focuses on the most recent advances in magnetic resonance imaging methods, which offer a number of advantages over other methodologies, including high spatial resolution and the use of nonionizing radiation, as well as the use of such methods in the context of primary and secondary brain tumors. It also highlights how they can be used to assess the molecular and cellular changes in the tumor microenvironment in response to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Serres
- CR-UK/MRC Gray Institute for Radiation Oncology and Biology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, OX3 7LJ, UK,
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46
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Feder D, Perrazo FF, Pereira EC, Forsait S, Feder CKR, Junqueira PEB, Junqueira VBC, Azzalis LA, Fonseca FLA. Standardization of a method to study angiogenesis in a mouse model. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2013; 85:1483-7. [PMID: 24346800 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765201378011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2011] [Accepted: 11/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In the adult organism, angiogenesis is restricted to a few physiological conditions. On the other hand, uncontrolled angiogenesis have often been associated to angiogenesis-dependent pathologies. A variety of animal models have been described to provide more quantitative analysis of in vivo angiogenesis and to characterize pro- and antiangiogenic molecules. However, it is still necessary to establish a quantitative, reproducible and specific method for studies of angiogenesis factors and inhibitors. This work aimed to standardize a method for the study of angiogenesis and to investigate the effects of thalidomide on angiogenesis. Sponges of 0.5 x 0.5 x 0.5 cm were implanted in the back of mice groups, control and experimental (thalidomide 200 mg/K/day by gavage). After seven days, the sponges were removed. The dosage of hemoglobin in sponge and in circulation was performed and the ratio between the values was tested using nonparametric Mann-Whitney test. Results have shown that sponge-induced angiogenesis quantitated by ratio between hemoglobin content in serum and in sponge is a helpful model for in vivo studies on angiogenesis. Moreover, it was observed that sponge-induced angiogenesis can be suppressed by thalidomide, corroborating to the validity of the standardized method.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Feder
- Disciplina de Farmacologia, Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, 09060-650Santo AndréSP, Brasil
| | - Fabio F Perrazo
- Departamento de Ciências Exatas e da Terra, Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, 09972-270DiademaSP, Brasil
| | - Edimar C Pereira
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, 09972-270DiademaSP, Brasil
| | - Silvana Forsait
- Disciplina de Farmacologia, Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, 09060-650Santo AndréSP, Brasil
| | - Cecília K R Feder
- Disciplina de Farmacologia, Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, 09060-650Santo AndréSP, Brasil
| | - Paulo E B Junqueira
- Disciplina de Farmacologia, Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, 09060-650Santo AndréSP, Brasil
| | - Virginia B C Junqueira
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, 09972-270DiademaSP, Brasil
| | - Ligia A Azzalis
- Departamento de Ciências Exatas e da Terra, Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, 09972-270DiademaSP, Brasil
| | - Fernando L A Fonseca
- Disciplina de Farmacologia, Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, 09060-650Santo AndréSP, Brasil
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47
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Owen JL, Mohamadzadeh M. Macrophages and chemokines as mediators of angiogenesis. Front Physiol 2013; 4:159. [PMID: 23847541 PMCID: PMC3701799 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2013.00159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 06/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence attests to the important roles of both macrophages and chemokines in angiogenesis. Tumor-associated macrophages or TAMS constitute the major fraction of tumor-infiltrating leukocytes and are recruited by a number of chemoattractants that are produced by the tumor and tumor-associated stroma. This heterogeneous cell population is activated by a variety of stimuli and becomes polarized to result in functionally different phenotypes regarding tumor progression. As opposed to classically activated or M1 macrophages that exhibit anti-tumor functions, most TAMS are considered to be of the alternatively activated or M2 phenotype, and express multiple cytokines, proteases, and chemokines that promote tumor angiogenesis. Chemokines also have disparate effects on angiogenesis regulation, as several members of the CXC and CC chemokine families are potent inducers of angiogenesis, while a subset of CXC chemokines are angiostatic. This review summarizes the current literature regarding the roles and modes of action of macrophage-derived chemokines as mediators of angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Owen
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathology, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Florida Gainesville, FL, USA
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48
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Stathmin Regulates Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1α Expression through the Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Pathway in Ovarian Clear Cell Adenocarcinoma. ISRN PHARMACOLOGY 2013; 2013:279593. [PMID: 23819061 PMCID: PMC3683482 DOI: 10.1155/2013/279593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Stathmin, a microtubule-destabilizing phosphoprotein, is highly expressed in ovarian cancer, but the pathophysiological significance of this protein in ovarian carcinoma cells remains poorly understood. This study reports the involvement of stathmin in the mTOR/HIF-1α/VEGF pathway in ovarian clear cell adenocarcinoma (CCA) during hypoxia. HIF-1α protein and VEGF mRNA levels were markedly elevated in RMG-1 cells, a CCA cell line, cultured under hypoxic conditions. Rapamycin, an inhibitor of mTOR complex 1, reduced the level of HIF-1α and blocked phosphorylation of ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1 (S6K), a transcriptional regulator of mTOR, demonstrating that hypoxia activates mTOR/S6K/HIF-1α signaling in CCA. Furthermore, stathmin knockdown inhibited hypoxia-induced HIF-1α and VEGF expression and S6K phosphorylation. The silencing of stathmin expression also reduced Akt phosphorylation, a critical event in the mTOR/HIF-1α/VEGF signaling pathway. By contrast, stathmin overexpression upregulated hypoxia-induced HIF-1α and VEGF expression in OVCAR-3 cells, another CCA cell line. In addition, suppression of Akt activation by wortmannin, a phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor, decreased HIF-1α and VEGF expression. These results illustrate that regulation of HIF-1α through the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway is controlled by stathmin in CCA. Our findings point to a new mechanism of stathmin regulation during ovarian cancer.
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Okajima M, Kokura S, Ishikawa T, Mizushima K, Tsuchiya R, Matsuyama T, Adachi S, Okayama T, Sakamoto N, Kamada K, Katada K, Uchiyama K, Handa O, Takagi T, Yagi N, Naito Y, Yoshikawa T. Anoxia/reoxygenation induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition in human colon cancer cell lines. Oncol Rep 2013; 29:2311-7. [PMID: 23589103 DOI: 10.3892/or.2013.2401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2012] [Accepted: 11/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is considered to be a crucial event in the development of cancer metastasis. Anoxia/reoxygenation (A/R) is known to occur in cancer tissues due to angiogenesis and changes in tissue pressure that occur during tumor growth. We investigated whether A/R induces EMT in the human colon cancer cell line HT-29. Colon cancer cells were exposed to anoxia (2 h) followed by reoxygenation (4-22 h) and evaluated for EMT changes using immunofluorescence and western blot analyses. We also investigated the expression of EMT-related transcription factors (Snail and ZEB1) using RT-PCR and evaluated the expression of NF-κB using ELISA. To determine whether NF-κB is involved in A/R-induced EMT, HT-29 cells were treated with proteasome inhibitors. Colon cancer cells exposed to A/R underwent EMT morphological changes; the cancer cells acquired a spindle-shaped phenotype. The expression of E-cadherin on the cell surface and the total amount of E-cadherin proteins were reduced after A/R. The expression of EMT-related transcription factors (Snail, ZEB1) was increased after A/R. Pretreatment with proteasome inhibitors significantly attenuated the downregulation of E-cadherin induced by A/R. These results indicate that A/R induces EMT in human colon cancer cells through an NF-κB-dependent transcriptional pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manabu Okajima
- Department of Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
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50
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Oh ET, Park MT, Song MJ, Lee H, Cho YU, Kim SJ, Chu YC, Choi EK, Park HJ. Radiation-induced angiogenic signaling pathway in endothelial cells obtained from normal and cancer tissue of human breast. Oncogene 2013; 33:1229-38. [DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2012] [Revised: 01/02/2013] [Accepted: 01/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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