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Avogaro A. Diabetes and obesity: the role of stress in the development of cancer. Endocrine 2024:10.1007/s12020-024-03886-1. [PMID: 38831236 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-024-03886-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Diabesity is a condition where an individual has both diabetes and obesity, which can lead to severe complications including cardiovascular disease, a leading cause of mortality. Recently, cancer has become a leading cause of excess hospitalizations, and both diabetes and obesity are associated with a higher risk of developing several types of cancer. In this review, we propose that chronic stress significantly increases this association. Managing diabetes and obesity is challenging as they both cause significant distress. The relationship between stress and cancer is interconnected, with anxiety and depression being common in cancer patients. Cancer diagnosis and treatment can cause lasting changes in the body's neuroendocrine system, with stress causing an excessive release of catecholamines and prostaglandins in patients undergoing cancer surgery, which promotes the spread of cancer to other parts of the body. Furthermore, stress could significantly increase the risk of cancer in patients with diabetes, obesity, or both.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Avogaro
- Department of Medicine.(DIMED), Unit of Metabolic Disease, University of Padova University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128, Padova, Italy.
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Meng M, Yang Y, Song L, Peng J, Li S, Gao Z, Bu Y, Gao J. Association between urinary phthalates and phthalate metabolites and cancer risk: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29684. [PMID: 38665549 PMCID: PMC11044039 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Phthalates, widely utilized in industrial products, are classified as endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs). Although certain phthalate and their metabolites have been implicated in cancer development, the reported findings have exhibited inconsistencies. Therefore, we conducted the comprehensive literature search to assess the association between phthalate and their metabolites and cancer risk by identifying original studies measuring phthalates or their metabolites and reporting their correlation with cancer until July 4, 2023. The Odds Ratios (ORs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were extracted and analyzed to estimate the risk. Pooled data from eleven studies, including 3101 cancer patients and 6858 controls, were analyzed using a fixed- or random-effects model based on heterogeneity tests. When comparing extreme categories of different phthalates and their metabolites, we observed a significant association between urinary phthalates and phthalate metabolites (MEHHP, MECPP, DBP and MBzP) and cancer risk. The findings of our meta-analysis reinforce the existing evidence that urinary phthalates and phthalate metabolites is strongly associated with cancer development. Further investigations are warranted to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of this association. These results may offer novel insights into cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Meng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yao Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command of PLA, Chengdu, China
| | - Liang Song
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Cure of Metabolic Diseases, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jian Peng
- Biobank Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shenglong Li
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhengjun Gao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Youquan Bu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Junwei Gao
- Department of Military Cognitive Psychology, School of Psychology, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
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Støyten M, Knutsen T, Stikbakke E, Agledahl I, Wilsgaard T, Eggen AE, Richardsen E, Giovannucci E, Thune I, Haugnes HS. Excess weight, weight gain, and prostate cancer risk and prognosis: the PROCA-life study. Acta Oncol 2024; 63:154-163. [PMID: 38591351 DOI: 10.2340/1651-226x.2024.32953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies of excess weight and weight changes throughout adult life for prostate cancer (PCa) risk and prognosis have shown inconsistent results. METHODS In a population-based cohort, the Prostate Cancer Study throughout life (PROCA-life), 16,960 healthy men from the prospective cohort Tromsø Study (1994-2016) were included. Body mass index (BMI) and weight were measured at all four attendings, and weight change was calculated as the difference between the first and last of either Tromsø4, Tromsø5 or Tromsø6. Overall, 904 men developed PCa during 16 years of follow-up, and Poisson regression with fractional polynomials was used to investigate trends in incidence. Cox proportional hazard and logistic regression models were used to study associations between measurements of BMI and weight change and PCa risk, severity, and mortality. RESULTS At study entry, 46% of the participants (median age 44 years) were overweight, and 14% were obese (BMI > 30 kg/m2). We observed a 127% increase in overall age adjusted PCa incidence in the cohort during 1995 through 2019. No overall associations between BMI or weight change and PCa risk were observed. However, in sub-group analysis, weight gain among obese men was associated with a three-fold higher PCa risk (HR 3.03, 95% CI 1.39-6.58) compared with obese men with stable weight. Overweight was associated with lower risk of metastatic cancer (OR 0.48, 95% CI 0.30-0.75) at diagnosis. Men with obesity had higher risk of PCa-specific death (HR 1.72, 95% CI 1.03-2.88), while nonsmoking obese PCa cases had two times higher PCa-specific mortality compared with normal weighted PCa cases (HR 2.10, 95% CI 1.11-3.70). INTERPRETATION In our cohort, weight gain among obese men was associated with higher risk of PCa, and obesity was associated with higher PCa-specific mortality, especially among nonsmokers. The relationship between weight and risk for PCa remains complicated, and future studies are needed to determine clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Støyten
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, UIT - The Arctic University, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Tore Knutsen
- Department of Urology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Einar Stikbakke
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, UIT - The Arctic University, Tromsø, Norway; Department of Oncology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Ingvild Agledahl
- Department of Urology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Tom Wilsgaard
- Institute of Community Medicine, UIT-The Arctic University, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Anne Elise Eggen
- Institute of Community Medicine, UIT-The Arctic University, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Elin Richardsen
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway; Department of Medical Biology, UIT - The Arctic University, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Edward Giovannucci
- Departments of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Inger Thune
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, UIT - The Arctic University, Tromsø, Norway; Insitute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Norway
| | - Hege S Haugnes
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, UIT - The Arctic University, Tromsø, Norway; Department of Oncology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
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Wu S, Ma X, Zhang X, Shi C, Cao M, Yang C, Qi Y, Liu Y. Relationship between oily fish intake and breast cancer based on estrogen receptor status: a Mendelian randomization study. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2024; 203:145-152. [PMID: 37787818 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-023-07130-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We used a Mendelian randomization (MR) method in our research to examine the relationship between genetically determined oily fish intake and breast cancer (BC) incidence. METHODS The summary data pertaining to the oily fish intake were acquired from the UK Biobank, which consisted of a sample size of 460,443 people. Information on BC was received from the Breast Cancer Association Consortium (BCAC). We analyzed the causal connection between oily fish intake and BC incidence using various methods, including inverse variance weighting (IVW). Heterogeneity was investigated using Cochran's Q test. IVW, MR-Egger, and MR-PRESSO methods were used for sensitivity analysis. In addition, a multivariate MR adjusted for body mass index (BMI) and weight was used for further research. RESULTS Two-sample MR results showed that oily fish intake was negatively associated with total breast cancer (odds ratio (OR) 0.58, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.39-0.87, IVW method), estrogen receptor-positive (ER +) breast cancer (OR 0.44, 95% CI 0.21-0.93, IVW method), and estrogen receptor-negative (ER-) breast cancer (OR 0.53, 95% CI 0.30-0.93, IVW method). The sensitivity analysis did not observe the presence of heterogeneity and horizontal pleiotropy. In multivariate MR analysis, the negative association between oily fish intake and total breast cancer (P = 0.03) and ER- breast cancer (P = 0.04) risk persisted after adjusting for BMI and body weight. However, no correlation was found in ER + breast cancer (P = 0.30). CONCLUSION The oily fish intake has a negatively correlated with the incidence of total breast cancer, particularly in the cases of ER- breast cancer. There is a lack of substantial evidence supporting a link between the oily fish intake and the incidence of ER + breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang Wu
- Breast Center, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050011, China
- Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Drug Resistance, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Xindi Ma
- Breast Center, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050011, China
- Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Drug Resistance, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Xiangmei Zhang
- Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Drug Resistance, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
- Research Center, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050011, China
| | - Chao Shi
- Breast Center, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050011, China
- Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Drug Resistance, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Miao Cao
- Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Drug Resistance, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Chao Yang
- Breast Center, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050011, China
- Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Drug Resistance, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Yirui Qi
- Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Drug Resistance, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Yunjiang Liu
- Breast Center, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050011, China.
- Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Drug Resistance, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China.
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Hurwitz LM, Dogbe N, Barry KH, Koutros S, Berndt SI. Obesity and prostate cancer screening, incidence, and mortality in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial. J Natl Cancer Inst 2023; 115:1506-1514. [PMID: 37382561 PMCID: PMC10699801 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djad113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Though obesity, measured by body mass index (BMI), is an established risk factor for several cancer sites, there is conflicting evidence on whether obesity increases prostate cancer risk or mortality and, if it does, whether it increases risk directly or indirectly by affecting prostate cancer screening efficacy. METHODS We examined associations between BMI and prostate cancer screening outcomes, incidence, and mortality in men randomly assigned to the intervention arm of the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial (n = 36 756) between 1993 and 2001. Participants received annual screening with the prostate-specific antigen test and digital rectal exam. Associations between baseline BMI and screening outcomes were assessed via multinomial logistic regression, and associations with prostate cancer incidence and mortality were assessed via Cox proportional hazards regression. RESULTS Individuals with higher BMI were less likely to screen positive via the prostate-specific antigen test and/or digital rectal exam and more likely to have an inadequate screen (all Ptrend < .01). Higher BMI was inversely associated with prostate cancer incidence (per 5 kg/m2 BMI increase: hazard ratio [HR] = 0.94, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.91 to 0.97), including incidence of early stage (HR = 0.94, 95% CI = 0.90 to 0.97) and advanced-stage (HR = 0.91, 95% CI = 0.82 to 1.02) disease, but positively associated with prostate cancer mortality (HR = 1.21, 95% CI = 1.06 to 1.37). The association with mortality was not modified by screening outcome (Pinteraction = .13). CONCLUSIONS Within this screened population, individuals with higher BMI had lower risk of prostate cancer diagnosis but higher risk of prostate cancer mortality. As higher BMI was not positively associated with advanced-stage prostate cancer risk, the increased mortality is unlikely to be due to delayed prostate cancer detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M Hurwitz
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Nadine Dogbe
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Kathryn Hughes Barry
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Program in Oncology, University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Stella Koutros
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Sonja I Berndt
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD, USA
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Li MK, Xing C, Ma LQ. Integrative bioinformatics analysis to screen key genes and signalling pathways related to ferroptosis in obesity. Adipocyte 2023; 12:2264442. [PMID: 37878496 PMCID: PMC10601513 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2023.2264442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is closely associated with the development of disease in the body. However, there are few studies on ferroptosis-related genes (FRGs) in obesity. Therefore, key genes and signalling pathways related to ferroptosis in obesity were screened. Briefly, the RNA sequencing data of obesity and the non-obesity human samples and 259 FRGs were downloaded from GEO database and FerrDb database, respectively. The obesity-related module genes were firstly screened by weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) and crossed with differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of obesity/normal samples and FRGs to obtain obesity-ferroptosis related (OFR) DEGs. Then, key genes were screened by PPI network. Next, the correlation of key genes and differential immune cells between obesity and normal samples were further explored by immune infiltration analysis. Finally, microRNA (miRNA)-messenger RNA (mRNA), transcription factor (TF)-mRNA networks and drug-gene interaction networks were constructed. As a result, 17 OFR DEGs were obtained, which mainly participated in processes such as lipid metabolism or adipocyte differentiation. The 4 key genes, STAT3, IL-6, PTGS2, and VEGFA, constituted the network. M2 macrophages, T cells CD8, mast cells activated, and T cells CD4 memory resting had significant differences between obesity and normal samples. Moreover, 51 miRNAs and 164 drugs were predicted for 4 key genes. All in all, this study has screened 4 FRGs, including IL-6, VEGFA, STAT3, and PTGS2, in obesity patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Ke Li
- Digestive Department, The First Affiliated Hospital, Yunnan Institute of Digestive Disease, Yunnan Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Chang Xing
- Pediatric Hematology and Digestive Department, Qu Jing Maternal and Child Health-care Hospital, Qujing, China
| | - Lan-Qing Ma
- Digestive Department, The First Affiliated Hospital, Yunnan Institute of Digestive Disease, Yunnan Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
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7
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Wang X, Wu Z, Lv J, Yu C, Sun D, Pei P, Yang L, Millwood IY, Walters R, Chen Y, Du H, Yuan M, Schmidt D, Barnard M, Chen J, Chen Z, Li L, Pang Y. Life-course adiposity and severe liver disease: a Mendelian randomization analysis. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2023; 31:3077-3085. [PMID: 37869961 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There is little evidence on the genetic associations between life-course adiposity (including birth weight, childhood BMI, and adulthood BMI) and severe liver disease (SLD; including cirrhosis and liver cancer). The current study aimed to examine and contrast these associations. METHODS Genetic variants were obtained from genome-wide association studies. Two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses were performed to assess the genetic associations of life-course adiposity with SLD and liver biomarkers. Cox regression was used to estimate adjusted hazard ratios for SLD associated with genetic risk scores of life-course adiposity and adulthood weight change in the China Kadoorie Biobank. RESULTS In observational analyses, genetic predispositions to childhood adiposity and adulthood adiposity were each associated with SLD. There was a U-shaped association between adulthood weight change and risk of SLD. In meta-analyses of MR results, genetically predicted 1-standard deviation increase in birth weight was inversely associated with SLD at a marginal significance (odds ratio: 0.81 [95% CI: 0.65-1.00]), whereas genetically predicted 1-standard deviation higher childhood BMI and adulthood BMI were positively associated with SLD (odds ratio: 1.27 [95% CI: 1.05-1.55] and 1.79 [95% CI: 1.59-2.01], respectively). The results of liver biomarkers mirrored those of SLD. CONCLUSIONS The current study provided genetic evidence on the associations between life-course adiposity and SLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiyu Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Lv
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Peking University Center for Public Health and Epidemic Preparedness & Response, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Canqing Yu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Peking University Center for Public Health and Epidemic Preparedness & Response, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Dianjianyi Sun
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Peking University Center for Public Health and Epidemic Preparedness & Response, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Pei Pei
- Peking University Center for Public Health and Epidemic Preparedness & Response, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Yang
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit at the University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Iona Y Millwood
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit at the University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Robin Walters
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit at the University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Yiping Chen
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit at the University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Huaidong Du
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit at the University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Mingqiang Yuan
- Pengzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Pengzhou, China
| | - Dan Schmidt
- Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Maxim Barnard
- Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Junshi Chen
- China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengming Chen
- Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Liming Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Peking University Center for Public Health and Epidemic Preparedness & Response, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanjie Pang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
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Nahmias-Blank D, Maimon O, Meirovitz A, Sheva K, Peretz-Yablonski T, Elkin M. Excess body weight and postmenopausal breast cancer: Emerging molecular mechanisms and perspectives. Semin Cancer Biol 2023; 96:26-35. [PMID: 37739109 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2023.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Postmenopausal, obese women have a significantly higher risk of developing estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast tumors, that are resistant to therapies and are associated with higher recurrence and death rates. The global prevalence of overweight/obese women has reached alarming proportions and with postmenopausal ER+ breast carcinoma (BC) having the highest incidence among the three obesity-related cancers in females (i.e., breast, endometrial and ovarian), this is of significant concern. Elucidation of the precise molecular mechanisms underlying the pro-cancerous action of obesity in ER+BC is therefore critical for disease prevention and novel treatment initiatives. Interestingly, accumulating data has shown opposing relationships between obesity and cancer in either pre- or post-menopausal women. Excess body weight is associated with an increased risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal women and a decreased risk in pre-menopausal women. Moreover, excess adiposity during early life appears to be protective against postmenopausal breast cancer, including both ER+ and ER negative BC subtypes. Overall, estrogen-dependent mechanisms have been implicated as the main driving force in obesity-related breast tumorigenesis. In the present review we discuss the epidemiologic and mechanistic aspects of association between obesity and breast tumors after menopause, mainly in the context of hormone dependency. Molecular and cellular events underlying this association present as potential avenues for both therapeutic intervention as well as the prevention of BC-promoting processes linked to excess adiposity, which is proving to be vital in an increasingly obese global population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Nahmias-Blank
- Sharett Institute of Oncology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ofra Maimon
- Sharett Institute of Oncology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Amichay Meirovitz
- Legacy Heritage Oncology Center and Dr. Larry Norton Institute, Soroka University Medical Center, Be'er Sheva 84101, Israel
| | - Kim Sheva
- Legacy Heritage Oncology Center and Dr. Larry Norton Institute, Soroka University Medical Center, Be'er Sheva 84101, Israel
| | - Tamar Peretz-Yablonski
- Sharett Institute of Oncology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel; Hebrew University Medical School, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Michael Elkin
- Sharett Institute of Oncology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel; Hebrew University Medical School, Jerusalem 91120, Israel.
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9
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Xiao Z, Wang Z, Zhang T, Liu Y, Si M. Bidirectional Mendelian randomization analysis of the genetic association between primary lung cancer and colorectal cancer. J Transl Med 2023; 21:722. [PMID: 37840123 PMCID: PMC10577972 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04612-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the development and popularization of low-dose chest CT technology, the diagnosis and survival rates of patients with early lung cancer (LC) have significantly improved. The occurrence of colorectal cancer (CRC) as the second primary cancer (SPC) in primary lung cancer (PLC) survivors has become an essential factor affecting the prognosis of early LC. This study explored the potential association between PLC and CRC genetically, laying a foundation for developing SPC-CRC prevention strategies after primary early LC. METHODS Based on a two-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) design, this study systematically screened genetic instrumental variables (IVs) based on the genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of PLC and CRC, applied inverse variance weighted (IVW) as the main method to assess the incidence association between the two cancers, and used a variety of other MR methods for supplementary analysis. Finally, the Genetic Risk Scores (GRS) method was used for secondary analysis to verify the results robustness further. RESULTS From LC to CRC forward MR analysis, 20 genetic IVs of overall LC, 15 genetic IVs of squamous cell lung carcinoma (LUSC), and 10 genetic IVs of adenocarcinoma of the lung (LUAD) were screened. In the reverse MR analysis from CRC to LC, 47 genetic IVs for overall CRC, 37 for colon cancer, and 25 for rectal cancer were screened. The IVW method and a variety of MR methods all found that overall LC and CRC were significantly associated at the genetic level. Subgroup analysis also showed that LUSC was associated with CRC. And the results of the GRS method were consistent with those of the main analysis, confirming the robustness of the study. Our MR study found an association between LC and CRC, with an increased risk of SPC-CRC following PLC, especially LUSC. Our study provides an essential basis for the precise prevention of SPC-CRC after PLC, suggesting that we should pay more attention to the population with a history of PLC in clinical work, and pay close attention to the incidence of SPC-CRC, and carry out intervention and treatment as soon as possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihan Xiao
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Wuhu Second People's Hospital, Wuhu, China
| | - Zichen Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tongyu Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Digestive System, Anqing Municipal Hospital, Anqing, China.
| | - Mingxuan Si
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Bleyer A. Increasing Cancer in Adolescents and Young Adults: Cancer Types and Causation Implications. J Adolesc Young Adult Oncol 2023; 12:285-296. [PMID: 37074337 DOI: 10.1089/jayao.2022.0134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: This study aimed to identify cancer incidence trends in the United States and globally in adolescents and young adults (AYAs) 15-39 years of age, by sex, and to speculate on causes for trend changes. Methods: For the United States, SEER*Stat was used to obtain average annual percent change (AAPC) trends in cancer incidence during the period 2000-2019 among 395,163 AYAs. For global data, the source was the Institute of Health Metrics and Evaluation and its sociodemographic index (SDI) classification system. Results: In the United States, the invasive cancer incidence increased during the period 2000-2019 in both females (AAPC: 1.05, 95% CI: 0.90-1.20, p << 0.001) and males (AAPC: 0.56, 95% CI: 0.43-0.69, p << 0.001). A total of 25 and 20 types of cancers increased statistically significantly in female and male AYAs, respectively. Among potential causes for the increases, the obesity epidemic in the United States strongly correlates with the overall cancer increase in both its female (Pearson correlation coefficient R2 = 0.88, p = 0.0007) and male (R2 = 0.83, p = 0.003) AYAs, as does the most common malignancy in American AYAs, breast cancer (R2 = 0.83, p = 0.003). Worldwide, cancer incidence in the age group increased steadily during the period 2000-2019 among high-middle, middle, and low-middle SDI countries, but not in low SDI countries and with slowing of increase in high SDI countries. Conclusions: The increases and their age-dependent profiles implicate several causations that are preventable, including obesity, overdiagnosis, unnecessary diagnostic radiation, human papilloma virus infection, and cannabis avoidance. The United States is beginning to reverse the increasing incidence, and prevention efforts should be augmented accordingly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archie Bleyer
- Pediatric & Young Adult Oncology, Oregon Health & Science University, Bend, Oregon, USA
- McGovern Medical School, University of Texas, Houston, Texas, USA
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