1
|
Kraft CJ, Namsrai BE, Tobolt D, Etheridge ML, Finger EB, Bischof JC. CPA toxicity screening of cryoprotective solutions in rat hearts. Cryobiology 2024; 114:104842. [PMID: 38158172 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2023.104842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
In clinical practice, donor hearts are transported on ice prior to transplant and discarded if cold ischemia time exceeds ∼5 h. Methods to extend these preservation times are critically needed, and ideally, this storage time would extend indefinitely, enabling improved donor-to-patient matching, organ utilization, and immune tolerance induction protocols. Previously, we demonstrated successful vitrification and rewarming of whole rat hearts without ice formation by perfusion-loading a cryoprotective agent (CPA) solution prior to vitrification. However, these hearts did not recover any beating even in controls with CPA loading/unloading alone, which points to the chemical toxicity of the cryoprotective solution (VS55 in Euro-Collins carrier solution) as the likely culprit. To address this, we compared the toxicity of another established CPA cocktail (VEG) to VS55 using ex situ rat heart perfusion. The CPA exposure time was 150 min, and the normothermic assessment time was 60 min. Using Celsior as the carrier, we observed partial recovery of function (atria-only beating) for both VS55 and VEG. Upon further analysis, we found that the VEG CPA cocktail resulted in 50 % lower LDH release than VS55 (N = 4, p = 0.017), suggesting VEG has lower toxicity than VS55. Celsior was a better carrier solution than alternatives such as UW, as CPA + Celsior-treated hearts spent less time in cardiac arrest (N = 4, p = 0.029). While we showed substantial improvement in cardiac function after exposure to vitrifiable concentrations of CPA by improving both the CPA and carrier solution formulation, further improvements will be required before we achieve healthy cryopreserved organs for transplant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Casey J Kraft
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Diane Tobolt
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Erik B Finger
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, USA.
| | - John C Bischof
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, USA; Institute for Engineering in Medicine, University of Minnesota, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Diabetic Hearts Exhibit Global DNA Hypermethylation That Alter the Mitochondrial Functional Genes to Enhance the Sensitivity of the Heart to Ischemia Reperfusion Injury. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10123065. [PMID: 36551820 PMCID: PMC9776053 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10123065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A recent study has shown that DNA hypermethylation can promote ischemia reperfusion (I/R) injury by regulating the mitochondrial function. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is reported to induce DNA hypermethylation, but whether this prior DNA methylation in DM I/R heart inflicts a beneficial or detrimental effect is not known and is addressed in this study. DM was induced in 6-week-old male Wistar rats with streptozotocin (65 mg/kg b.wt). After 24 weeks on a normal diet, I/R was induced in rat heart using a Langendorff perfusion system and analyzed the myocardium for different parameters to measure hemodynamics, infarct size, DNA methylation and mitochondrial function. Diabetic heart exhibited DNA hypermethylation of 39% compared to the control, along with DNMT expression elevated by 41%. I/R induction in diabetic heart promoted further DNA hypermethylation (24%) with aggravated infarct size (21%) and reduced the cardiac rate pressure product (43%) from I/R heart. Importantly, diabetic I/R hearts also experienced a decline in the mitochondrial copy number (60%); downregulation in the expression of mitochondrial bioenergetics (ND1, ND2, ND3, ND4, ND5, ND6) and mitofusion (MFN1, MFN2) genes and the upregulation of mitophagy (PINK, PARKIN, OPTN) and mitofission (MFF, DNM1, FIS1) genes that reduce the dp/dt contribute to the contractile dysfunction in DM I/R hearts. Besides, a negative correlation was obtained between mitochondrial PGC1α, POLGA, TFAM genes and DNA hypermethylation in DM I/R hearts. Based on the above data, the elevated global DNA methylation level in diabetic I/R rat hearts deteriorated the mitochondrial function by downregulating the expression of POLGA, TFAM and PGC1α genes and negatively contributed to I/R-associated increased infarct size and altered hemodynamics.
Collapse
|
3
|
Boovarahan SR, Ali N, AlAsmari AF, Alameen AA, Khan R, Kurian GA. Age-associated global DNA hypermethylation augments the sensitivity of hearts towards ischemia-reperfusion injury. Front Genet 2022; 13:995887. [PMID: 36457746 PMCID: PMC9705337 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.995887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Most pre-clinical studies in cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury (I/R) are carried out in young or old animals, which does not cater to the adult age in humans who encounter I/R. Not many studies in the literature are available that emphasize the sensitivity of the adult heart to injury from the young heart, where there exist distinct alterations in DNA methylation and mitochondrial function that contribute to injury. In the present study, we utilized young (8 weeks old) and adult (24 weeks old) rat hearts to evaluate distinct DNA methylation alterations that contribute to I/R injury. The cardiac basal physiological activities in young and adult rat hearts were insignificantly changed from normal. But the DNA hypermethylation and expression level of mitochondrial genes were slightly higher in adult rat hearts. The consequential effect of these changes was measured in the I/R heart to understand its response to additional stress. Accordingly, we noted an increase in global DNA hypermethylation levels by 40% and 62% in young and adult I/R hearts, respectively, from their respective control. Subsequently, a decline in mitochondrial genes (ND1, ND4L, ND6, Cyt B, COX1, COX2, and ATP8) that regulate cardiac contractility was observed in adult I/R hearts. These changes, in turn, reduced hemodynamics (Rate pressure product) by 51% and 32% in adult and young I/R hearts, respectively, from their controls. Besides, the I/R-linked infarct size was higher in adult hearts (58%) than in young hearts (37%). Correlation analysis showed a significant negative correlation of global DNA methylation with the MT-ND1 expression (r = -0.7591), MFN2 expression (r = -0.8561) and cardiac RPP (r = -0.8015) in adult I/R hearts. Based on the above observations, we concluded that age promoted DNA methylation and deteriorated cardiac responsive ability to resist I/R injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sri Rahavi Boovarahan
- Vascular Biology Lab, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, India
| | - Nemat Ali
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah F. AlAsmari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alaa Alnoor Alameen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rehan Khan
- Department Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Gino A. Kurian
- Vascular Biology Lab, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ferrera R, Védère M, Lo-Grasso M, Augeul L, Chouabe C, Bidaux G, Baetz D. Postconditioning by Delayed Administration of Ciclosporin A: Implication for Donation after Circulatory Death (DCD). Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:12858. [PMID: 36361649 PMCID: PMC9657531 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232112858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart transplantation is facing a shortage of grafts. Donation after Circulatory Death (DCD) would constitute a new potential of available organs. In the present work, we aimed to evaluate whether Postconditioning (ischemic or with ciclosporin-A (CsA)) could reduce ischemia-reperfusion injury in a cardiac arrest model when applied at the start of reperfusion or after a delay. An isolated rat heart model was used as a model of DCD. Hearts were submitted to a cardiac arrest of 40 min of global warm ischemia (37 °C) followed by 3 h of 4 °C-cold preservation, then 60 min reperfusion. Hearts were randomly allocated into the following groups: control, ischemic postconditioning (POST, consisting of two episodes each of 30 s ischemia and 30 s reperfusion at the onset of reperfusion), and CsA group (CsA was perfused at 250 nM for 10 min at reperfusion). In respective subgroups, POST and CsA were applied after a delay of 3, 10, and 20 min. Necrosis was lower in CsA and POST versus controls (p < 0.01) whereas heart functions were improved (p < 0.01). However, while the POST lost its efficacy if delayed beyond 3 min of reperfusion, CsA treatment surprisingly showed a reduction of necrosis even if applied after a delay of 3 and 10 min of reperfusion (p < 0.01). This cardioprotection by delayed CsA application correlated with better functional recovery and higher mitochondrial respiratory index. Furthermore, calcium overload necessary to induce mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) opening was similar in all cardioprotection groups, suggesting a crucial role of MPTP in this delayed protection of DCD hearts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- René Ferrera
- University of Lyon, CARMEN Laboratory, INSERM, INRAE, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69500 Lyon, France
| | - Marie Védère
- University of Lyon, CARMEN Laboratory, INSERM, INRAE, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69500 Lyon, France
| | - Megane Lo-Grasso
- University of Lyon, CARMEN Laboratory, INSERM, INRAE, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69500 Lyon, France
| | - Lionel Augeul
- University of Lyon, CARMEN Laboratory, INSERM, INRAE, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69500 Lyon, France
| | - Christophe Chouabe
- University of Lyon, CARMEN Laboratory, INSERM, INRAE, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69500 Lyon, France
| | - Gabriel Bidaux
- University of Lyon, CARMEN Laboratory, INSERM, INRAE, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69500 Lyon, France
| | - Delphine Baetz
- University of Lyon, CARMEN Laboratory, INSERM, INRAE, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69500 Lyon, France
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Gum Arabic protects the rat heart from ischemia/reperfusion injury through anti-inflammatory and antioxidant pathways. Sci Rep 2022; 12:17235. [PMID: 36241904 PMCID: PMC9568585 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-22097-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gum Arabic (GA) is a plant exudate with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. GA has shown promise in protection from and treatment of kidney failure, however, its role in the protection of the heart from ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) has not been investigated. This study investigated the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of Gum Arabic (GA) in the protection of the heart against ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Langendorff-perfused Wistar rat hearts were divided into seven groups. One group which was subjected to I/R with no other treatment served as the control group. The second group was subjected to buffer perfusion with no ischemia (sham group). The third group was perfused with GA in the absence of ischemia (sham + GA). The rest of the hearts were isolated from rats that had been treated with GA for 4 or 2 weeks in the drinking water, or GA that had been infused intravenously 2 h before sacrifice or added to perfusion buffer at reperfusion. Hemodynamics data were digitally computed; infarct size was measured using 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining and cardiomyocyte injury was assessed by quantifying creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) enzymes. The total oxidants (TOS) and antioxidants (TAS), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines levels were estimated by ELISA. GA treatment for 2 weeks, 4 weeks or 2 hours before sacrifice resulted in a significant (P < 0.05) improvement in cardiac hemodynamics and reduction in infarct size and cardiac enzyme levels compared to respective controls. However, GA administration at the time of reperfusion did not protect the hearts against I/R injury. Furthermore, GA treatment decreased the pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines levels. The levels of TOS in the effluent were significantly decreased (P < 0.05) and SOD levels were significantly (P < 0.05) increased by GA administration. GA protected the heart against I/R injury when administered for 2 or 4 weeks or when infused 2 hours before sacrifice. GA treatment decreased the total oxidants levels, the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 protein levels and increases SOD and anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 protein levels.
Collapse
|
6
|
Therapeutic Effects of Modified Si-Miao-Yong-An Decoction in the Treatment of Rat Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:1442405. [PMID: 35707475 PMCID: PMC9192308 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1442405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Objective Modified Si-Miao-Yong-An decoction (MSMYA) was empirically originated from Si-Miao-Yong-An Decoction, which has been utilized for centuries to treat vasculopathy as well as heart diseases through clearing heat and detoxifying. This study aimed at confirming MSMYA's therapeutic effects for treating myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury and its underlying mechanisms. Methods Rats were intragastrically administered with MSMYA for 4 weeks after ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) operation. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration were determined by calorimetry. Coagulation function was determined using an automated coagulation analyzer. Levels of cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase (caspase)-1, interleukin (IL)-1β, interleukin (IL)-18, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Infarct size was determined by triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining. Myocardial histopathological and ultrastructure changes were examined by H&E staining and electron microscopy, respectively. Relative mRNA expression of NLRP3, an apoptosis-associated speck-like proteins containing the caspase activation and recruitment domain (ASC), caspase-1, IL-1β, and IL-18 were analyzed using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Meanwhile, their relative protein expressions were measured using western blotting. Results The results showed MSMYA can inhibit oxidative stress by increasing SOD and reducing MDA, suppress inflammatory reaction by decreasing NLRP3 inflammasome-related cytokines' level, improve coagulation function by increasing prothrombin time (PT) and activating partial thromboplastin time (APTT), and ameliorate myocardial histopathological and ultrastructural changes. In addition, MSMYA's cardioprotective effects probably related to suppressing NLRP3 inflammasome pathway activation by reducing NLRP3 inflammasome molecular mRNA and protein relative expression. Conclusion The results indicated that MSMYA played an important role in protecting the myocardium from I/R injury. The likely mechanism is the inhibition of oxidative stress, improvement of cardiac injury, and the reduction of NLRP3-related inflammatory cytokines release. This provides a basis for further research on the mechanism and clinical application of MSMYA to improve myocardial I/R injury.
Collapse
|
7
|
Discrepancy between the Actions of Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Ligands in the Protection of the Heart against Ischemia Reperfusion Injury. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15060720. [PMID: 35745639 PMCID: PMC9228343 DOI: 10.3390/ph15060720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Tirzepatide is a dual glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) receptor agonist and a promising therapy for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). GLP-1 is an incretin hormone with therapeutic potential beyond type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, GLP-1 is rapidly degraded by dipeptdyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) to GLP-1 (9-36). Exendin-4 (Ex-4) is a DPP-IV-resistant GLP-1 receptor agonist which, when truncated to Ex-4 (9-39), acts as a GLP-1 receptor antagonist. In the present study, hearts isolated from Wistar rats (n = 8 per group) were perfused with a modified Langendorff preparation. Left ventricular (LV) contractility and cardiovascular hemodynamics were evaluated by a data acquisition program and infarct size was evaluated by 2,3,5-Triphenyl-2H-tetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining and cardiac enzyme levels. Hearts were subjected to 30 min regional ischemia, produced by ligation of the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery followed by 30 min reperfusion. Hearts were treated during reperfusion with either the non-lipidated precursor of tirzepatide (NLT), GLP-1, GLP-1 (9-36), or Ex-4 in the presence or absence of Ex-4 (9-39). Infusion of GLP-1 (9-36) or Ex-4 protected the heart against I/R injury (p > 0.01) by normalizing cardiac hemodynamic and enzyme levels. Neither GLP-1, NLT, nor Ex-4 (9-39) showed any protection. Interestingly, Ex-4 (9-39) blocked Ex-4-mediated protection but not that of GLP-1 (9-36). These data suggest that Ex-4-mediated protection is GLP-1-receptor-dependent but GLP-1 (9-36)-mediated protection is not.
Collapse
|
8
|
Boovarahan SR, Kurian GA. Preconditioning the rat heart with 5-azacytidine attenuates myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury via PI3K/GSK3β and mitochondrial K ATP signaling axis. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2021; 35:e22911. [PMID: 34462995 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
5-Azacytidine is well known for its clinical usage in cancer treatments. The present study investigates the role of 5-azacytidine as a cardioprotective agent to ameliorate ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. The cardioprotective effect of 5-azacytidine was evaluated in three experimental models: in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo. The cardioprotective effect was evaluated via cell viability, hemodynamic indices, infarct size measurement, and assessment of histopathology, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial function. The experiments were repeated in the presence of PI3K/GSK3β and mitochondrial KATP (mtKATP ) cardioprotective signaling pathway inhibitors to understand the underlying mechanism. 5-Azacytidine improved the cell viability by 29% in I/R-challenged H9C2 cells. Both isolated rat heart and LAD ligation model confirmed the infarct sparing effect of 5-azacytidine against I/R. It also provided a beneficial effect by normalizing the altered hemodynamics, reducing the infarct size and cardiac injury markers, reversing the perturbation of mitochondria, reduced oxidative stress, and improved the pPI3K and pAKT protein expression from I/R. In addition, it also augmented the activation of PI3K/AKT and mtKATP signaling pathway, confirmed by using wortmannin (PI3K inhibitor), SB216763 (GSK3β inhibitor), and glibenclamide (mtKATP channel closer). The effectiveness of 5-azacytidine as a cardioprotective agent is attributed to its activation of the PI3K/GSK3β and mtKATP channel signaling axis, thereby preserving mitochondrial function and reducing oxidative stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sri Rahavi Boovarahan
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, Vascular Biology Lab, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Gino A Kurian
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, Vascular Biology Lab, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, Tamilnadu, India
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Martin TP, MacDonald EA, Elbassioni AAM, O'Toole D, Zaeri AAI, Nicklin SA, Gray GA, Loughrey CM. Preclinical models of myocardial infarction: from mechanism to translation. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 179:770-791. [PMID: 34131903 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Approximately 7 million people are affected by acute myocardial infarction (MI) each year, and despite significant therapeutic and diagnostic advancements, MI remains a leading cause of mortality worldwide. Preclinical animal models have significantly advanced our understanding of MI and have enabled the development of therapeutic strategies to combat this debilitating disease. Notably, some drugs currently used to treat MI and heart failure (HF) in patients had initially been studied in preclinical animal models. Despite this, preclinical models are limited in their ability to fully reproduce the complexity of MI in humans. The preclinical model must be carefully selected to maximise the translational potential of experimental findings. This review describes current experimental models of MI and considers how they have been used to understand drug mechanisms of action and support translational medicine development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tamara P Martin
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular & Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Eilidh A MacDonald
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular & Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Ali Ali Mohamed Elbassioni
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular & Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.,Suez Canal University, Arab Republic of Egypt
| | - Dylan O'Toole
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular & Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Ali Abdullah I Zaeri
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular & Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Stuart A Nicklin
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular & Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Gillian A Gray
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Christopher M Loughrey
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular & Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Torregroza C, Yueksel B, Ruske R, Stroethoff M, Raupach A, Heinen A, Hollmann MW, Huhn R, Feige K. Combination of Cyclosporine A and Levosimendan Induces Cardioprotection under Acute Hyperglycemia. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094517. [PMID: 33926009 PMCID: PMC8123582 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Prognosis of patients with myocardial infarction is detrimentally affected by comorbidities like diabetes mellitus. In the experimental setting, not only diabetes mellitus but also acute hyperglycemia is shown to hamper cardioprotective properties by multiple pharmacological agents. For Levosimendan-induced postconditioning, a strong infarct size reducing effect is demonstrated in healthy myocardium. However, acute hyperglycemia is suggested to block this protective effect. In the present study, we investigated whether (1) Levosimendan-induced postconditioning exerts a concentration-dependent effect under hyperglycemic conditions and (2) whether a combination with the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) blocker cyclosporine A (CsA) restores the cardioprotective properties of Levosimendan under hyperglycemia. For this experimental investigation, hearts of male Wistar rats were randomized and mounted onto a Langendorff system, perfused with Krebs-Henseleit buffer with a constant pressure of 80 mmHg. All isolated hearts were subjected to 33 min of global ischemia and 60 min of reperfusion under hyperglycemic conditions. (1) Hearts were perfused with various concentrations of Levosimendan (Lev) (0.3–10 μM) for 10 min at the onset of reperfusion, in order to investigate a concentration–response relationship. In the second set of experiments (2), 0.3 μM Levosimendan was administered in combination with the mPTP blocker CsA, to elucidate the underlying mechanism of blocked cardioprotection under hyperglycemia. Infarct size was determined by tetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining. (1) Control (Con) hearts showed an infarct size of 52 ± 12%. None of the administered Levosimendan concentrations reduced the infarct size (Lev0.3: 49 ± 9%; Lev1: 57 ± 9%; Lev3: 47 ± 11%; Lev10: 50 ± 7%; all ns vs. Con). (2) Infarct size of Con and Lev0.3 hearts were 53 ± 4% and 56 ± 2%, respectively. CsA alone had no effect on infarct size (CsA: 50 ± 10%; ns vs. Con). The combination of Lev0.3 and CsA (Lev0.3 ± CsA) induced a significant infarct size reduction compared to Lev0.3 (Lev0.3+CsA: 35 ± 4%; p < 0.05 vs. Lev0.3). We demonstrated that (1) hyperglycemia blocks the infarct size reducing effects of Levosimendan-induced postconditioning and cannot be overcome by an increased concentration. (2) Furthermore, cardioprotection under hyperglycemia can be restored by combining Levosimendan and the mPTP blocker CsA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Torregroza
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Duesseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany; (C.T.); (B.Y.); (R.R.); (M.S.); (A.R.); (K.F.)
| | - Birce Yueksel
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Duesseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany; (C.T.); (B.Y.); (R.R.); (M.S.); (A.R.); (K.F.)
| | - Raphael Ruske
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Duesseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany; (C.T.); (B.Y.); (R.R.); (M.S.); (A.R.); (K.F.)
| | - Martin Stroethoff
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Duesseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany; (C.T.); (B.Y.); (R.R.); (M.S.); (A.R.); (K.F.)
| | - Annika Raupach
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Duesseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany; (C.T.); (B.Y.); (R.R.); (M.S.); (A.R.); (K.F.)
| | - André Heinen
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Duesseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Universitaetsstr. 1, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany;
| | - Markus W. Hollmann
- Department of Anesthesiology, Amsterdam University Medical Center (AUMC), Location AMC, Meiberdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Ragnar Huhn
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Duesseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany; (C.T.); (B.Y.); (R.R.); (M.S.); (A.R.); (K.F.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Katharina Feige
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Duesseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany; (C.T.); (B.Y.); (R.R.); (M.S.); (A.R.); (K.F.)
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ramalingam A, Mohd Fauzi N, Budin SB, Zainalabidin S. Impact of prolonged nicotine administration on myocardial function and susceptibility to ischaemia-reperfusion injury in rats. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2021; 128:322-333. [PMID: 32991780 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the impact of prolonged nicotine administration on myocardial susceptibility to ischaemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in a rat model and determined whether nicotine affects mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and permeability transition in rat hearts. Sprague-Dawley rats were administered 0.6 or 1.2 mg/kg nicotine for 28 days, and their hearts were isolated at end-point for assessment of myocardial susceptibility to I/R injury ex vivo. Rat heart mitochondria were also isolated from a subset of rats for analysis of mitochondrial ROS production and permeability transition. Compared to the vehicle controls, rat hearts isolated from nicotine-administered rats exhibited poorer left ventricular function that worsened over the course of I/R. Coronary flow rate was also severely impaired in the nicotine groups at baseline and this worsened after I/R. Nicotine administration significantly increased mitochondrial ROS production and permeability transition relative to the vehicle controls. Interestingly, pre-incubation of isolated mitochondria with ROS scavengers (superoxide dismutase and mitoTEMPO) significantly abolished nicotine-induced increase in mitochondria permeability transition in isolated rat heart mitochondria. Overall, our data showed that prolonged nicotine administration enhances myocardial susceptibility to I/R injury in rats and this is associated with mitochondrial ROS-driven increase in mitochondrial permeability transition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anand Ramalingam
- Programme of Biomedical Science, Centre of Toxicology and Health Risk Studies (CORE), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Norsyahida Mohd Fauzi
- Centre for Drug and Herbal Research, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Siti Balkis Budin
- Programme of Biomedical Science, Centre of Diagnostic, Therapeutic and Investigative Studies (CODTIS), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Satirah Zainalabidin
- Programme of Biomedical Science, Centre of Toxicology and Health Risk Studies (CORE), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Yamada Y, Kusakari Y, Akaoka M, Watanabe M, Tanihata J, Nishioka N, Bochimoto H, Akaike T, Tachibana T, Minamisawa S. Thiamine treatment preserves cardiac function against ischemia injury via maintaining mitochondrial size and ATP levels. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2020; 130:26-35. [PMID: 33119470 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00578.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Thiamine (vitamin B1) is necessary for energy production, especially in the heart. Recent studies have demonstrated that thiamine supplementation for cardiac diseases is beneficial. However, the detailed mechanisms underlying thiamine-preserved cardiac function have not been elucidated. To this end, we conducted a functional analysis, metabolome analysis, and electron microscopic analysis to unveil the mechanisms of preserved cardiac function through supplementation with thiamine for ischemic cardiac disease. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (around 10 wk old) were used. Following pretreatment with or without thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP; 300 µM), hearts were exposed to ischemia (40 min of global ischemia followed by 60 min of reperfusion). We measured the left ventricle developed pressure (LVDP) throughout the protocol. The LVDP during reperfusion in the TPP-treated heart was significantly higher than that in the untreated heart. Metabolome analysis was performed using capillary electrophoresis-time-of-flight mass spectrometry, and it revealed that the TPP-treated heart retained higher adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels compared with the untreated heart after ischemia. The metabolic pathway showed that there was a significant increase in fumaric acid and malic acid from the tricarboxylic acid cycle following ischemia. Electron microscope analysis revealed that the mitochondria size in the TPP-treated heart was larger than that in the untreated heart. Mitochondrial fission in the TPP-treated heart was also inhibited, which was confirmed by a decrease in the phosphorylation level of DRP1 (fission related protein). TPP treatment for cardiac ischemia preserved ATP levels probably as a result of maintaining larger mitochondria by inhibiting fission, thereby allowing the TPP-treated heart to preserve contractility performance during reperfusion.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We found that treatment with thiamine can have a protective effect on myocardial ischemia. Thiamine likely mediates mitochondrial fission through the inhibition of DRP1 phosphorylation and the preservation of larger-sized mitochondria and ATP concentration, leading to higher cardiac contractility performance during the subsequent reperfusion state.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Yamada
- Department of Cell Physiology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Kusakari
- Department of Cell Physiology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Munetoshi Akaoka
- Department of Cell Physiology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masato Watanabe
- Department of Cell Physiology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun Tanihata
- Department of Cell Physiology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naritomo Nishioka
- Department of Cell Physiology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroki Bochimoto
- Department of Cell Physiology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toru Akaike
- Department of Cell Physiology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Tachibana
- Division of Molecular Cell Biology, Core Research Facilities for Basic Science, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Susumu Minamisawa
- Department of Cell Physiology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Gouda E, Babiker F. Micronized flavonoid fraction Daflon 500 protects heart against ischemia–reperfusion injury: an old medicine for a new target. ALL LIFE 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/26895293.2020.1832921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Eman Gouda
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Health Science Center, Kuwait University, Kuwait, Kuwait
| | - Fawzi Babiker
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Health Science Center, Kuwait University, Kuwait, Kuwait
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Rusiecka OM, Montgomery J, Morel S, Batista-Almeida D, Van Campenhout R, Vinken M, Girao H, Kwak BR. Canonical and Non-Canonical Roles of Connexin43 in Cardioprotection. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10091225. [PMID: 32842488 PMCID: PMC7563275 DOI: 10.3390/biom10091225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the mid-20th century, ischemic heart disease has been the world’s leading cause of death. Developing effective clinical cardioprotection strategies would make a significant impact in improving both quality of life and longevity in the worldwide population. Both ex vivo and in vivo animal models of cardiac ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury are robustly used in research. Connexin43 (Cx43), the predominant gap junction channel-forming protein in cardiomyocytes, has emerged as a cardioprotective target. Cx43 posttranslational modifications as well as cellular distribution are altered during cardiac reperfusion injury, inducing phosphorylation states and localization detrimental to maintaining intercellular communication and cardiac conduction. Pre- (before ischemia) and post- (after ischemia but before reperfusion) conditioning can abrogate this injury process, preserving Cx43 and reducing cell death. Pre-/post-conditioning has been shown to largely rely on the presence of Cx43, including mitochondrial Cx43, which is implicated to play a major role in pre-conditioning. Posttranslational modifications of Cx43 after injury alter the protein interactome, inducing negative protein cascades and altering protein trafficking, which then causes further damage post-I/R injury. Recently, several peptides based on the Cx43 sequence have been found to successfully diminish cardiac injury in pre-clinical studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olga M. Rusiecka
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (O.M.R.); (J.M.); (S.M.)
| | - Jade Montgomery
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (O.M.R.); (J.M.); (S.M.)
| | - Sandrine Morel
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (O.M.R.); (J.M.); (S.M.)
| | - Daniela Batista-Almeida
- Univ Coimbra, Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (D.B.-A.); (H.G.)
- Univ Coimbra, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Centre of Coimbra (CACC), 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Raf Van Campenhout
- Department of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; (R.V.C.); (M.V.)
| | - Mathieu Vinken
- Department of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; (R.V.C.); (M.V.)
| | - Henrique Girao
- Univ Coimbra, Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (D.B.-A.); (H.G.)
- Univ Coimbra, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Centre of Coimbra (CACC), 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Brenda R. Kwak
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (O.M.R.); (J.M.); (S.M.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Babiker F, Benter IF, Akhtar S. Nanotoxicology of Dendrimers in the Mammalian Heart: ex vivo and in vivo Administration of G6 PAMAM Nanoparticles Impairs Recovery of Cardiac Function Following Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:4393-4405. [PMID: 32606684 PMCID: PMC7310973 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s255202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim The effects of polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers on the mammalian heart are not completely understood. In this study, we have investigated the effects of a sixth-generation cationic dendrimer (G6 PAMAM) on cardiac function in control and diabetic rat hearts following ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. Methods Isolated hearts from healthy non-diabetic (Ctr) male Wistar rats were subjected to ischemia and reperfusion (I/R). LV contractility and hemodynamics data were computed digitally whereas cardiac damage following I/R injury was assessed by measuring cardiac enzymes. For ex vivo acute exposure experiments, G6 PAMAM was administered during the first 10 mins of reperfusion in Ctr animals. In chronic in vivo studies, nondiabetic rats (Ctr) received either vehicle or daily i.p. injections of G6 PAMAM (40 mg/kg) for 4 weeks. Diabetic (D) animals received either vehicle or daily i.p. injections of G6 PAMAM (10, 20 or 40 mg/kg) for 4 weeks. The impact of G6 PAMAM on pacing-postconditioning (PPC) was also studied in Ctr and D rats. Results In ex vivo studies, acute administration of G6 PAMAM to isolated Ctr hearts during reperfusion dose-dependently impaired recovery of cardiac hemodynamics and vascular dynamics parameters following I/R injury. Chronic daily i.p. injections of G6 PAMAM significantly (P<0.01) impaired recovery of cardiac function following I/R injury in nondiabetic animals but this was not generally observed in diabetic animals except for CF which was impaired by about 50%. G6 PAMAM treatment completely blocked the protective effects of PPC in the Ctr animals. Conclusion Acute ex vivo or chronic in vivo treatment with naked G6 PAMAM dendrimer can significantly compromise recovery of non-diabetic hearts from I/R injury and can further negate the beneficial effects of PPC. Our findings are therefore extremely important in the nanotoxicological evaluation of G6 PAMAM dendrimers for potential clinical applications in physiological and pathological settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fawzi Babiker
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Health Science Center, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Ibrahim F Benter
- Faculty of Medicine, Eastern Mediterranean University, Famagusta, North Cyprus, Republic of Cyprus
| | - Saghir Akhtar
- College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Bunte S, Behmenburg F, Majewski N, Stroethoff M, Raupach A, Mathes A, Heinen A, Hollmann MW, Huhn R. Characteristics of Dexmedetomidine Postconditioning in the Field of Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Anesth Analg 2020; 130:90-98. [PMID: 31633505 DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000004417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Timing and onset of myocardial ischemia are mostly unpredictable. Therefore, postconditioning could be an effective cardioprotective intervention. Because ischemic postconditioning is an invasive and not practicable treatment, pharmacological postconditioning would be a more suitable alternative cardioprotective measure. For the α2-adrenoreceptor agonist, dexmedetomidine postconditioning has been shown. However, data on a concentration-dependent effect of dexmedetomidine are lacking. Furthermore, it is unclear whether the time point and/or duration of dexmedetomidine administration in the reperfusion period is of relevance. We set out to determine whether infarct size reduction by dexmedetomidine is concentration dependent and whether time point and/or duration of dexmedetomidine application has an impact on the effect size of cardio protection. METHODS Hearts of male Wistar rats were randomized and placed on a Langendorff system perfused with Krebs-Henseleit buffer at a constant pressure of 80 mm Hg. All hearts were subjected to 33 minutes of global ischemia and 60 minutes of reperfusion. In part I of the study, a concentration-response effect was determined by perfusing hearts with various concentrations of dexmedetomidine (0.3-100 nM) at the onset of reperfusion. Based on these results, part II of the study was conducted with 3 nM dexmedetomidine. Application of dexmedetomidine started directly at the onset of reperfusion (Dex60) and 15 minutes (Dex15), 30 minutes (Dex30), or 45 minutes (Dex45) after the start of reperfusion and lasted always until the end of the reperfusion period. Infarct size was determined by triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining. RESULTS In part I, infarct size in control (Con) hearts was 62% ± 4%. Three-nanometer dexmedetomidine was the lowest most effective cardioprotective concentration and reduced infarct size to 24% ± 7% (P < .0001 versus Con). Higher concentrations did not confer stronger protection. Infarct size in control hearts from part II was 66% ± 6%. Different starting times and/or durations of application resulted in similar infarct size reduction (all P < .0001 versus Con). CONCLUSIONS Postconditioning by dexmedetomidine is concentration dependent in ranges between 0.3 and 3 nM. Increased concentrations above 3 nM do not further enhance this cardioprotective effect. This cardioprotective effect is independent of time point and length of application in the reperfusion period.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Bunte
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Friederike Behmenburg
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Nicole Majewski
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Martin Stroethoff
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Annika Raupach
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Alexander Mathes
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - André Heinen
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology, Heinrich-Heine University Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Markus W Hollmann
- Department of Anesthesiology, Amsterdam Universitair Medische Centra (UMC), University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ragnar Huhn
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Niederberger P, Farine E, Raillard M, Dornbierer M, Freed DH, Large SR, Chew HC, MacDonald PS, Messer SJ, White CW, Carrel TP, Tevaearai Stahel HT, Longnus SL. Heart Transplantation With Donation After Circulatory Death. Circ Heart Fail 2020; 12:e005517. [PMID: 30998395 DOI: 10.1161/circheartfailure.118.005517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Heart transplantation remains the preferred option for improving quality of life and survival for patients suffering from end-stage heart failure. Unfortunately, insufficient supply of cardiac grafts has become an obstacle. Increasing organ availability with donation after circulatory death (DCD) may be a promising option to overcome the organ shortage. Unlike conventional donation after brain death, DCD organs undergo a period of warm, global ischemia between circulatory arrest and graft procurement, which raises concerns for graft quality. Nonetheless, the potential of DCD heart transplantation is being reconsidered, after reports of more than 70 cases in Australia and the United Kingdom over the past 3 years. Ensuring optimal patient outcomes and generalized adoption of DCD in heart transplantation, however, requires further development of clinical protocols, which in turn require a better understanding of cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury and the various possibilities to limit its adverse effects. Thus, we aim to provide an overview of the knowledge obtained with preclinical studies in animal models of DCD heart transplantation, to facilitate and promote the most effective and efficient advancement in preclinical research. A literature search of the PubMed database was performed to identify all relevant preclinical studies in DCD heart transplantation. Specific aspects relevant for DCD heart transplantation were analyzed, including animal models, graft procurement and storage conditions, cardioprotective approaches, and graft evaluation strategies. Several potential therapeutic strategies for optimizing graft quality are identified, and recommendations for further preclinical research are provided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Petra Niederberger
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Switzerland (P.N., E.F., M.D., T.P.C., H.T.T.S., S.L.L.)
| | - Emilie Farine
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Switzerland (P.N., E.F., M.D., T.P.C., H.T.T.S., S.L.L.)
| | - Mathieu Raillard
- Experimental Surgery Unit (ESI), Experimental Surgery Unit, Department for BioMedical Research and Vetsuisse Faculty, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Anaesthesiology and Pain Therapy, University of Bern, Switzerland (M.R.)
| | - Monika Dornbierer
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Switzerland (P.N., E.F., M.D., T.P.C., H.T.T.S., S.L.L.)
| | - Darren H Freed
- Cardiac Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (D.H.F., C.W.W.)
| | - Stephen R Large
- Department of Transplantation, Royal Papworth Hospital, Papworth Everard, Cambridge, United Kingdom (S.R.L., S.J.M.)
| | - Hong C Chew
- St Vincent's Hospital, University of New South Wales, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, Australia (H.C.C., P.S.M.)
| | - Peter S MacDonald
- St Vincent's Hospital, University of New South Wales, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, Australia (H.C.C., P.S.M.)
| | - Simon J Messer
- Department of Transplantation, Royal Papworth Hospital, Papworth Everard, Cambridge, United Kingdom (S.R.L., S.J.M.)
| | | | - Thierry P Carrel
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Switzerland (P.N., E.F., M.D., T.P.C., H.T.T.S., S.L.L.)
| | - Hendrik T Tevaearai Stahel
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Switzerland (P.N., E.F., M.D., T.P.C., H.T.T.S., S.L.L.)
| | - Sarah L Longnus
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Switzerland (P.N., E.F., M.D., T.P.C., H.T.T.S., S.L.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Penela P, Inserte J, Ramos P, Rodriguez-Sinovas A, Garcia-Dorado D, Mayor F. Degradation of GRK2 and AKT is an early and detrimental event in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion. EBioMedicine 2019; 48:605-618. [PMID: 31594751 PMCID: PMC6838402 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identification of signaling pathways altered at early stages after cardiac ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) is crucial to develop timely therapies aimed at reducing I/R injury. The expression of G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2), a key signaling hub, is up-regulated in the long-term in patients and in experimental models of heart failure. However, whether GRK2 levels change at early time points following myocardial I/R and its functional impact during this period remain to be established. METHODS We have investigated the temporal changes of GRK2 expression and their potential relationships with the cardioprotective AKT pathway in isolated rat hearts and porcine preclinical models of I/R. FINDINGS Contrary to the maladaptive up-regulation of GRK2 reported at later times after myocardial infarction, successive GRK2 phosphorylation at specific sites during ischemia and early reperfusion elicits GRK2 degradation by the proteasome and calpains, respectively, thus keeping GRK2 levels low during early I/R in rat hearts. Concurrently, I/R promotes decay of the prolyl-isomerase Pin1, a positive regulator of AKT stability, and a marked loss of total AKT protein, resulting in an overall decreased activity of this pro-survival pathway. A similar pattern of concomitant down-modulation of GRK2/AKT/Pin1 protein levels in early I/R was observed in pig hearts. Calpain and proteasome inhibition prevents GRK2/Pin1/AKT degradation, restores bulk AKT pathway activity and attenuates myocardial I/R injury in isolated rat hearts. INTERPRETATION Preventing transient degradation of GRK2 and AKT during early I/R might improve the potential of endogenous cardioprotection mechanisms and of conditioning strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Petronila Penela
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (UAM-CSIC), 28049 Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa, 28006 Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Inserte
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, Spain; Cardiovascular Diseases Research Group, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital and Research Institute, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paula Ramos
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (UAM-CSIC), 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Rodriguez-Sinovas
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, Spain; Cardiovascular Diseases Research Group, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital and Research Institute, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Garcia-Dorado
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, Spain; Cardiovascular Diseases Research Group, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital and Research Institute, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Federico Mayor
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (UAM-CSIC), 28049 Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa, 28006 Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Effects of Cardiac Hypertrophy, Diabetes, Aging, and Pregnancy on the Cardioprotective Effects of Postconditioning in Male and Female Rats. Cardiol Res Pract 2019; 2019:3403959. [PMID: 31198607 PMCID: PMC6526533 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3403959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Aging, left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), diabetes mellitus, and pregnancy are well-recognized risk factors that increase the prevalence of cardio-ischemic events and are linked to poor clinical recovery following acute myocardial infarction. The coexistence of these risk factors with ischemic heart disease (IHD) deteriorates disease prognosis and could potentially lead to fatal arrhythmias and heart failure. The objective of this study was to investigate the vulnerability of hearts with aging, LVH, diabetes, and pregnancy to ischemic insult and their response to pacing postconditioning- (PPC-) induced heart protection. Methods Hearts isolated from aged, spontaneously hypertensive and diabetic male and female rats and hearts from pregnant female rats (n=8 per group) were subjected to coronary occlusion followed by reperfusion using a modified Langendorff system. Hemodynamics data were computed digitally, and cardiac damage was accessed by measurements of infarct size and cardiac enzyme release. Results There were no significant differences in the vulnerability of all hearts to ischemic insult compared to their respective controls. PPC improved cardiac hemodynamics and reduced infarct size and cardiac enzyme release in hearts isolated from aged and spontaneously hypertensive female rats and female rats with hypertrophied hearts subjected to PPC (P < 0.001). Aged or hypertrophied male hearts were not protected by PPC maneuver. Moreover, the protective effects of PPC were lost in diabetic male and female hearts although retained in hearts from pregnant rats. Conclusions We demonstrate that aging, LVH, diabetes mellitus, and pregnancy do not affect cardiac vulnerability to ischemic insult. Moreover, PPC mediates cardioprotection in a gender-specific manner in aged and spontaneously hypertensive rats. Diabetes mellitus provokes the protective effects of PPC on both genders equally. Finally, we demonstrate that PPC is a new cardioprotective maneuver in hearts from pregnant female rats.
Collapse
|
20
|
Cardiac-specific deletion of GCN5L1 restricts recovery from ischemia-reperfusion injury. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2019; 129:69-78. [PMID: 30776374 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2019.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
GCN5L1 regulates mitochondrial protein acetylation, cellular bioenergetics, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and organelle positioning in a number of diverse cell types. However, the functional role of GCN5L1 in the heart is currently unknown. As many of the factors regulated by GCN5L1 play a major role in ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury, we sought to determine if GCN5L1 is an important nexus in the response to cardiac ischemic stress. Deletion of GCN5L1 in cardiomyocytes resulted in impaired myocardial post-ischemic function and increased infarct development in isolated work-performing hearts. GCN5L1 knockout hearts displayed hallmarks of ROS damage, and scavenging of ROS restored cardiac function and reduced infarct volume in vivo. GCN5L1 knockdown in cardiac-derived AC16 cells was associated with reduced activation of the pro-survival MAP kinase ERK1/2, which was also reversed by ROS scavenging, leading to restored cell viability. We therefore conclude that GCN5L1 activity provides an important protection against I/R induced, ROS-mediated damage in the ischemic heart.
Collapse
|
21
|
Cho YJ, Nam K, Kim TK, Choi SW, Kim SJ, Hausenloy DJ, Jeon Y. Sevoflurane, Propofol and Carvedilol Block Myocardial Protection by Limb Remote Ischemic Preconditioning. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20020269. [PMID: 30641885 PMCID: PMC6359553 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20020269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) in cardiac surgery have been inconsistent. We investigated whether anesthesia or beta-blockers interfere with RIPC cardioprotection. Fifty patients undergoing cardiac surgery were randomized to receive limb RIPC (four cycles of 5-min of upper arm cuff inflation/deflation) in the awake state (no-anesthesia; n = 17), or under sevoflurane (n = 17) or propofol (n = 16) anesthesia. In a separate crossover study, 11 healthy volunteers received either carvedilol or no medication prior to RIPC. Plasma dialysates were obtained and perfused through an isolated male Sprague⁻Dawley rat heart subjected to 30-min ischemia/60-min reperfusion, following which myocardial infarct (MI) size was determined. In the cardiac surgery study, pre-RIPC MI sizes were similar among the groups (39.7 ± 4.5% no-anesthesia, 38.9 ± 5.3% sevoflurane, and 38.6 ± 3.6% propofol). However, post-RIPC MI size was reduced in the no-anesthesia group (27.5 ± 8.0%; p < 0.001), but not in the anesthesia groups (35.7 ± 6.9% sevoflurane and 35.8 ± 5.8% propofol). In the healthy volunteer study, there was a reduction in MI size with RIPC in the no-carvedilol group (41.7 ± 4.3% to 30.6 ± 8.5%; p < 0.0001), but not in the carvedilol group (41.0 ± 4.0% to 39.6 ± 5.6%; p = 0.452). We found that the cardioprotective effects of limb RIPC were abolished under propofol or sevoflurane anesthesia and in the presence of carvedilol therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Youn Joung Cho
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea.
| | - Karam Nam
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea.
| | - Tae Kyong Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea.
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul 07061, Korea.
| | - Seong Woo Choi
- Department of Physiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea.
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Sung Joon Kim
- Department of Physiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea.
| | - Derek J Hausenloy
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore.
- Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College of London, London WC1E 6HX, UK.
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Centro de Biotecnologica-FEMSA, Nuevo Leon 64849, Mexico.
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore.
- The National Institute of Health Research, University College London Hospitals, Biomedical Research Centre, London W1T 7DN, UK.
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre, Singapore 169609, Singapore.
| | - Yunseok Jeon
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Bøtker HE, Hausenloy D, Andreadou I, Antonucci S, Boengler K, Davidson SM, Deshwal S, Devaux Y, Di Lisa F, Di Sante M, Efentakis P, Femminò S, García-Dorado D, Giricz Z, Ibanez B, Iliodromitis E, Kaludercic N, Kleinbongard P, Neuhäuser M, Ovize M, Pagliaro P, Rahbek-Schmidt M, Ruiz-Meana M, Schlüter KD, Schulz R, Skyschally A, Wilder C, Yellon DM, Ferdinandy P, Heusch G. Practical guidelines for rigor and reproducibility in preclinical and clinical studies on cardioprotection. Basic Res Cardiol 2018; 113:39. [PMID: 30120595 PMCID: PMC6105267 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-018-0696-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 304] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hans Erik Bøtker
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle-Juul Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark.
| | - Derek Hausenloy
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, 67 Chenies Mews, London, WC1E 6HX, UK
- The National Institute of Health Research, University College London Hospitals Biomedial Research Centre, Research and Development, London, UK
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Yon Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Ioanna Andreadou
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Salvatore Antonucci
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, CNR Institute of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35121, Padua, Italy
| | - Kerstin Boengler
- Institute for Physiology, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Sean M Davidson
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, 67 Chenies Mews, London, WC1E 6HX, UK
| | - Soni Deshwal
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, CNR Institute of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35121, Padua, Italy
| | - Yvan Devaux
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Fabio Di Lisa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, CNR Institute of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35121, Padua, Italy
| | - Moises Di Sante
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, CNR Institute of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35121, Padua, Italy
| | - Panagiotis Efentakis
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Saveria Femminò
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - David García-Dorado
- Experimental Cardiology, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Pg. Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Zoltán Giricz
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Borja Ibanez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain
| | - Efstathios Iliodromitis
- Second Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Attikon University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Nina Kaludercic
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, CNR Institute of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35121, Padua, Italy
| | - Petra Kleinbongard
- Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University of Essen Medical School, Essen, Germany
| | - Markus Neuhäuser
- Department of Mathematics and Technology, Koblenz University of Applied Science, Remagen, Germany
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry, and Epidemiology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Michel Ovize
- Explorations Fonctionnelles Cardiovasculaires, Hôpital Louis Pradel, Lyon, France
- UMR, 1060 (CarMeN), Université Claude Bernard, Lyon1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Pasquale Pagliaro
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Michael Rahbek-Schmidt
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle-Juul Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Marisol Ruiz-Meana
- Experimental Cardiology, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Pg. Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Rainer Schulz
- Institute for Physiology, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Andreas Skyschally
- Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University of Essen Medical School, Essen, Germany
| | - Catherine Wilder
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, 67 Chenies Mews, London, WC1E 6HX, UK
| | - Derek M Yellon
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, 67 Chenies Mews, London, WC1E 6HX, UK
| | - Peter Ferdinandy
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gerd Heusch
- Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University of Essen Medical School, Essen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Lindsey ML, Bolli R, Canty JM, Du XJ, Frangogiannis NG, Frantz S, Gourdie RG, Holmes JW, Jones SP, Kloner RA, Lefer DJ, Liao R, Murphy E, Ping P, Przyklenk K, Recchia FA, Schwartz Longacre L, Ripplinger CM, Van Eyk JE, Heusch G. Guidelines for experimental models of myocardial ischemia and infarction. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2018; 314:H812-H838. [PMID: 29351451 PMCID: PMC5966768 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00335.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 338] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction is a prevalent major cardiovascular event that arises from myocardial ischemia with or without reperfusion, and basic and translational research is needed to better understand its underlying mechanisms and consequences for cardiac structure and function. Ischemia underlies a broad range of clinical scenarios ranging from angina to hibernation to permanent occlusion, and while reperfusion is mandatory for salvage from ischemic injury, reperfusion also inflicts injury on its own. In this consensus statement, we present recommendations for animal models of myocardial ischemia and infarction. With increasing awareness of the need for rigor and reproducibility in designing and performing scientific research to ensure validation of results, the goal of this review is to provide best practice information regarding myocardial ischemia-reperfusion and infarction models. Listen to this article’s corresponding podcast at ajpheart.podbean.com/e/guidelines-for-experimental-models-of-myocardial-ischemia-and-infarction/.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Merry L Lindsey
- Mississippi Center for Heart Research, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi.,Research Service, G. V. (Sonny) Montgomery Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Roberto Bolli
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville , Louisville, Kentucky
| | - John M Canty
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Physiology and Biophysics, The Veterans Affairs Western New York Health Care System and Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo , Buffalo, New York
| | - Xiao-Jun Du
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute , Melbourne, Victoria , Australia
| | - Nikolaos G Frangogiannis
- The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Stefan Frantz
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital , Würzburg , Germany
| | - Robert G Gourdie
- Center for Heart and Regenerative Medicine Research, Virginia Tech Carilion Research Institute , Roanoke, Virginia
| | - Jeffrey W Holmes
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia Health System , Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Steven P Jones
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville , Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Robert A Kloner
- HMRI Cardiovascular Research Institute, Huntington Medical Research Institutes , Pasadena, California.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, California
| | - David J Lefer
- Cardiovascular Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Science Center , New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Ronglih Liao
- Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts.,Division of Genetics and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Elizabeth Murphy
- Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Peipei Ping
- National Institutes of Health BD2KBig Data to Knowledge (BD2K) Center of Excellence and Department of Physiology, Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of California , Los Angeles, California
| | - Karin Przyklenk
- Cardiovascular Research Institute and Departments of Physiology and Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit, Michigan
| | - Fabio A Recchia
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Fondazione G. Monasterio, Pisa , Italy.,Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Lisa Schwartz Longacre
- Heart Failure and Arrhythmias Branch, Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Crystal M Ripplinger
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California , Davis, California
| | - Jennifer E Van Eyk
- The Smidt Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, Cedars Sinai Medical Center , Los Angeles, California
| | - Gerd Heusch
- Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University of Essen Medical School , Essen , Germany
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Ciocci Pardo A, Díaz RG, González Arbeláez LF, Pérez NG, Swenson ER, Mosca SM, Alvarez BV. Benzolamide perpetuates acidic conditions during reperfusion and reduces myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2017; 125:340-352. [PMID: 29357509 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00957.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
During ischemia, increased anaerobic glycolysis results in intracellular acidosis. Activation of alkalinizing transport mechanisms associated with carbonic anhydrases (CAs) leads to myocardial intracellular Ca2+ increase. We characterize the effects of inhibition of CA with benzolamide (BZ) during cardiac ischemia-reperfusion (I/R). Langendorff-perfused isolated rat hearts were subjected to 30 min of global ischemia and 60 min of reperfusion. Other hearts were treated with BZ (5 μM) during the initial 10 min of reperfusion or perfused with acid solution (AR, pH 6.4) during the first 3 min of reperfusion. p38MAPK, a kinase linked to membrane transporters and involved in cardioprotection, was examined in hearts treated with BZ in presence of the p38MAPK inhibitor SB202190 (10 μM). Infarct size (IZ) and myocardial function were assessed, and phosphorylated forms of p38MAPK, Akt, and PKCε were evaluated by immunoblotting. We determined the rate of intracellular pH (pHi) normalization after transient acid loading in the absence and presence of BZ or BZ + SB202190 in heart papillary muscles (HPMs). Mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), Ca2+ retention capacity and Ca2+-mediated swelling after I/R were also measured. BZ, similarly to AR, reduced IZ, improved postischemic recovery of myocardial contractility, increased phosphorylation of Akt, PKCε, and p38MAPK, and normalized ΔΨm and Ca2+ homeostasis, effects abolished after p38MAPK inhibition. In HPMs, BZ slowed pHi recovery, an effect that was restored after p38MAPK inhibition. We conclude that prolongation of acidic conditions during reperfusion by BZ could be responsible for the cardioprotective benefits of reduced infarction and better myocontractile function, through p38MAPK-dependent pathways. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Carbonic anhydrase inhibition by benzolamide (BZ) maintains acidity, decreases infarct size, and improves postischemic myocardial dysfunction in ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) hearts. Protection afforded by BZ mimicked the beneficial effects elicited by an acidic solution (AR). Increased phosphorylation of p38MAPK occurs in I/R hearts reperfused with BZ or with AR. Mitochondria from I/R hearts possess abnormal Ca2+ handling and a more depolarized membrane potential compared with control hearts, and these changes were restored by treatment with BZ or AR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Ciocci Pardo
- Centro de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares CIC-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata , La Plata , Argentina
| | - Romina G Díaz
- Centro de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares CIC-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata , La Plata , Argentina
| | - Luisa F González Arbeláez
- Centro de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares CIC-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata , La Plata , Argentina
| | - Néstor G Pérez
- Centro de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares CIC-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata , La Plata , Argentina
| | - Erik R Swenson
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Department of Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System , Seattle, Washington
| | - Susana M Mosca
- Centro de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares CIC-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata , La Plata , Argentina
| | - Bernardo V Alvarez
- Centro de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares CIC-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata , La Plata , Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Herr DJ, Baarine M, Aune SE, Li X, Ball LE, Lemasters JJ, Beeson CC, Chou JC, Menick DR. HDAC1 localizes to the mitochondria of cardiac myocytes and contributes to early cardiac reperfusion injury. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2017; 114:309-319. [PMID: 29224834 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2017.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Recent evidence indicates that histone deacetylase enzymes (HDACs) contribute to ischemia reperfusion (I/R) injury, and pan-HDAC inhibitors have been shown to be cardioprotective when administered either before an ischemic insult or during reperfusion. We have shown previously that selective inhibition of class I HDACs provides superior cardioprotection when compared to pan-HDAC inhibition in a pretreatment model, but selective class I HDAC inhibition has not been tested during reperfusion, and specific targets of class I HDACs in I/R injury have not been identified. OBJECTIVE We hypothesized that selective inhibition of class I HDACs with the drug MS-275 (entinostat) during reperfusion would improve recovery from I/R injury in the first hour of reperfusion. METHODS AND RESULTS Hearts from male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to ex vivo I/R injury±MS-275 class I HDAC inhibition during reperfusion alone. MS-275 significantly attenuated I/R injury, as indicated by improved LV function and tissue viability at the end of reperfusion. Unexpectedly, we observed that HDAC1 is present in the mitochondria of cardiac myocytes, but not fibroblasts or endothelial cells. We then designed mitochondria-restricted and mitochondria-excluded HDAC inhibitors, and tested both in our ex vivo I/R model. The selective inhibition of mitochondrial HDAC1 attenuated I/R injury to the same extent as MS-275, whereas the mitochondrial-excluded inhibitor did not. Further assays demonstrated that these effects are attributable to a decrease in SDHA activity and subsequent metabolic ROS production in reperfusion. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate for the first time that HDAC1 is present within the mitochondria of cardiac myocytes, and mitochondrial HDAC1 contributes significantly to I/R injury within the first hour of reperfusion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Herr
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, United States
| | - Mauhamad Baarine
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, United States
| | - Sverre E Aune
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, United States
| | - Xiaoyang Li
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, United States
| | - Lauren E Ball
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, United States
| | - John J Lemasters
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, United States; Center for Cell Death, Injury & Regeneration, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, United States
| | - Craig C Beeson
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, United States
| | - James C Chou
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, United States
| | - Donald R Menick
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, United States; Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC 29425, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Amoni M, Kelly-Laubscher R, Petersen M, Gwanyanya A. Cardioprotective and Anti-arrhythmic Effects of Magnesium Pretreatment Against Ischaemia/Reperfusion Injury in Isoprenaline-Induced Hypertrophic Rat Heart. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2017; 17:49-57. [PMID: 26696240 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-015-9355-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The effects of magnesium (Mg2+) on ischaemic complications of pathological cardiac hypertrophy are unclear. In this study, we investigated effects of Mg2+ pretreatment on ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in isoprenaline (ISO)-induced hypertrophic hearts. Wistar rats were treated for 7 days with different combinations of ISO (1.25 mg/kg) subcutaneously, MgSO4 (270 mg/kg) intraperitoneally, or vehicle (saline). On the eighth day, hearts were either subjected to regional I/R during Langendorff perfusion or histologically stained with haematoxylin and eosin and Masson's trichrome. Haemodynamic and electrocardiographic parameters were recorded using the PowerLab data-acquisition system. Infarcts were identified by triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining. Plasma Mg2+ was measured using photometric assays. Mg2+ pretreatment significantly decreased I/R-induced infarct size (p = 0.001) and the overall arrhythmia score (p < 0.001) of I/R-induced ventricular ectopics, ventricular tachycardia, and ventricular fibrillation in hypertrophic hearts, but not non-hypertrophied hearts. Mg2+ also improved post-I/R left ventricular developed pressure in hypertrophic hearts. However, Mg2+ did not reverse the ISO-induced myocyte thickening and interstitial fibrosis or increases in heart weight. Plasma Mg2+ was not different among treatment groups. These results suggest that Mg2+ pretreatment may protect against I/R-induced injury and malignant arrhythmias in hypertrophic hearts, possibly via mechanisms unrelated to long-lasting changes in plasma Mg2+ or prevention of structural changes such as fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Amoni
- Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory, Cape Town, 7925, South Africa
| | - Roisin Kelly-Laubscher
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Cape Town, 7700, South Africa.,Academic Development Programme, Centre for Higher Education Development, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Morea Petersen
- Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory, Cape Town, 7925, South Africa
| | - Asfree Gwanyanya
- Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory, Cape Town, 7925, South Africa.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Youn YJ, Yoo BS, Son JW, Lee JW, Ahn MS, Ahn SG, Kim JY, Lee SH, Yoon J, Eom YW, Oh JE, Choi SK. Remote Ischemic Conditioning by Effluent Collected from a Novel Isolated Hindlimb Model Reduces Infarct Size in an Isolated Heart Model. Korean Circ J 2017; 47:714-726. [PMID: 28955390 PMCID: PMC5614948 DOI: 10.4070/kcj.2017.0092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives Experimental protocols for remote ischemic conditioning (RIC) utilize models in which a tourniquet is placed around the hindlimb or effluent is collected from an isolated heart. In analyzing the humoral factors that act as signal transducers in these models, sampled blood can be influenced by systemic responses, while the effluent from an isolated heart might differ from that of the hindlimb. Thus, we designed a new isolated hindlimb model for RIC and tested whether the effluent from this model could affect ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury and if the reperfusion injury salvage kinase (RISK) and survivor activating factor enhancement (SAFE) pathways are involved in RIC. Materials and Methods After positioning needles into the right iliac artery and vein of rats, Krebs-Henseleit buffer was perfused using a Langendorff apparatus, and effluent was collected. The RIC protocol consisted of 3 cycles of IR for 5 minutes. In the RIC effluent group, collected effluent was perfused in an isolated heart for 10 minutes before initiating IR injury. Results Compared with the control group, the infarct area in the RIC effluent group was significantly smaller (31.2%±3.8% vs. 20.6%±1.8%, p<0.050), while phosphorylation of signal transducer and activation of transcription-3 (STAT-3) was significantly increased. However, there was a trend of increased phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 in this group. Conclusion This is the first study to investigate the effect of effluent from a new isolated hindlimb model after RIC on IR injury in an isolated heart model. The RIC effluent was effective in reducing the IR injury, and the cardioprotective effect was associated with activation of the SAFE pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Young Jin Youn
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Byung-Su Yoo
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Jung-Woo Son
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Jun-Won Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Min-Soo Ahn
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Sung Gyun Ahn
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Jang-Young Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Seung-Hwan Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Junghan Yoon
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Young Woo Eom
- Cell Therapy and Tissue Engineering Center, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Ji-Eun Oh
- Cell Therapy and Tissue Engineering Center, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Seong-Kyung Choi
- Animal Core, Central Research Laboratory, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Cardioprotection by the transfer of coronary effluent from ischaemic preconditioned rat hearts: identification of cardioprotective humoral factors. Basic Res Cardiol 2017; 112:52. [PMID: 28695353 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-017-0641-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Ischaemic preconditioning (IPC) provides myocardial resistance to ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injuries. The protection afforded by IPC is not limited to the target tissue but extends to remote tissues, suggesting a mechanism mediated by humoral factors. The aim of the present study was to identify the humoral factors that are responsible for the cardioprotection induced by the coronary effluent transferred from IPC to naïve hearts. Isolated rat hearts were submitted to IPC (three cycles of 5 min I/R) before 30-min global ischaemia and 60-min reperfusion. The coronary effluent (Efl_IPC) collected during IPC was fractionated by ultrafiltration in different molecular weight ranges (<3, 3-5, 5-10, 10-30, 30-50, and >50 kDa) and evaluated for cardioprotective effects by perfusion before I/R in naïve hearts. Only the <3, 5-10 and <10 kDa fractions of hydrophobic eluate reduced I/R injuries. The cardioprotective effect of the 5-10 fraction was blocked by KATP channel blockers and a PKC inhibitor. An Efl_IPC proteomic analysis revealed 14 cytoprotection-related proteins in 4-12 kDa peptides. HSP10 perfusion protected the heart against I/R injuries. These data provide insights into the mechanisms of cardioprotection in humoral factors released by IPC. Cardioprotection is afforded by hydrophobic peptides in the 4-12 kDa size range, which activate pathways that are dependent on PKC and KATP. Fourteen 4-12 kDa peptides were identified, suggesting a potential therapeutic role for these molecules in ischaemic diseases. One of these, HSP10, identified by mass spectrometry, reduced I/R injuries and may be a potential candidate as a therapeutic target.
Collapse
|
29
|
Ravindran S, Jahir Hussain S, Boovarahan SR, Kurian GA. Sodium thiosulfate post-conditioning protects rat hearts against ischemia reperfusion injury via reduction of apoptosis and oxidative stress. Chem Biol Interact 2017; 274:24-34. [PMID: 28688941 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Pharmacological agents given at the time of reperfusion can protect the heart from ischemia reperfusion injury (IR). Being a calcium chelator, antioxidant and mitochondrial potassium channel modulator, sodium thiosulfate (STS) was chosen to treat myocardial IR injury. Isolated rat heart model was used to induce IR injury and the hemodynamic changes were monitored using PowerLab (AD Instruments, Australia). STS at a dose of 1 mM given at the early stage of reperfusion significantly reduced the infarct size and recovered the failing heart from reperfusion injury. Its action was based on reduction of apoptosis as evidenced from decreased activity of caspase-3 in the myocardium, lowered expression of casp-3 and PARP, which was supported by absence of significant DNA fragmentation and histological derangement of fibers compared to the injury control. An evaluation of the inter-dependency of H2S and STS biosynthesis in the STS treated groups showed no significant changes in the level of STS, H2S and rhodanese, except the cystathionine gamma lyase activity that improved upon treatment. The mechanism underlying the antiapoptotic, mitochondrial preservation and antioxidant effects of STS were related to the biosynthesis of H2S. The fact that inhibition of cystathionine gamma lyase limited the STS mediated cardio protection supports this observation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sriram Ravindran
- Vascular Biology Lab, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, Tamilnadu 613401, India
| | | | | | - Gino A Kurian
- Vascular Biology Lab, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, Tamilnadu 613401, India.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Reichert K, Colantuono B, McCormack I, Rodrigues F, Pavlov V, Abid MR. Murine Left Anterior Descending (LAD) Coronary Artery Ligation: An Improved and Simplified Model for Myocardial Infarction. J Vis Exp 2017. [PMID: 28448010 DOI: 10.3791/55353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic heart disease (IHD), or acute coronary syndrome (ACS), is one of the leading causes of death in the United States. IHD is characterized by reduced blood supply to the heart, resulting in the loss of oxygen to and the ensuing necrosis of the heart muscle. The MI model has gained popularity for its use as a short-term ischemia-reperfusion model and a long-term permanent ligation model. Below, we describe a reliable method for the permanent ligation of the LAD. With mouse genetic engineering technology becoming more advanced, and with an increasing availability of quality murine surgical instruments, the mouse has become a popular model for MI surgeries. Our surgical model incorporates the use of an easily reversible anesthetic for the rapid recovery of the mouse; a minimally invasive endotracheal intubation without involving a tracheotomy; and a thoracentesis through the original thoracotomy site without creating an additional incision in the chest, as is done in some other methods, to effectively remove excess blood and air from the chest cavity. This method is comparatively less invasive than other methods, which dramatically reduces surgical and post-surgical complications and mortality and improves reproducibility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karla Reichert
- Cardiothoracic Surgery Division, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University Warren Alpert Medical School
| | - Bonnie Colantuono
- Cardiothoracic Surgery Division, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University Warren Alpert Medical School
| | - Isabella McCormack
- Cardiothoracic Surgery Division, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University Warren Alpert Medical School
| | - Fernanda Rodrigues
- Cardiothoracic Surgery Division, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University Warren Alpert Medical School
| | - Vasile Pavlov
- Cardiothoracic Surgery Division, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University Warren Alpert Medical School
| | - M Ruhul Abid
- Cardiothoracic Surgery Division, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University Warren Alpert Medical School;
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Farine E, Niederberger P, Wyss RK, Méndez-Carmona N, Gahl B, Fiedler GM, Carrel TP, Tevaearai Stahel HT, Longnus SL. Controlled Reperfusion Strategies Improve Cardiac Hemodynamic Recovery after Warm Global Ischemia in an Isolated, Working Rat Heart Model of Donation after Circulatory Death (DCD). Front Physiol 2016; 7:543. [PMID: 27920725 PMCID: PMC5118653 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: Donation after circulatory death (DCD) could improve cardiac graft availability, which is currently insufficient to meet transplant demand. However, DCD organs undergo an inevitable period of warm ischemia and most cardioprotective approaches can only be applied at reperfusion (procurement) for ethical reasons. We investigated whether modifying physical conditions at reperfusion, using four different strategies, effectively improves hemodynamic recovery after warm ischemia. Methods and Results: Isolated hearts of male Wistar rats were perfused in working-mode for 20 min, subjected to 27 min global ischemia (37°C), and 60 min reperfusion (n = 43). Mild hypothermia (30°C, 10 min), mechanical postconditioning (MPC; 2x 30 s reperfusion/30 s ischemia), hypoxia (no O2, 2 min), or low pH (pH 6.8–7.4, 3 min) was applied at reperfusion and compared with controls (i.e., no strategy). After 60 min reperfusion, recovery of left ventricular work (developed pressure*heart rate; expressed as percent of pre-ischemic value) was significantly greater for mild hypothermia (62 ± 7%), MPC (65 ± 8%) and hypoxia (61 ± 11%; p < 0.05 for all), but not for low pH (45 ± 13%), vs. controls (44 ± 7%). Increased hemodynamic recovery was associated with greater oxygen consumption (mild hypothermia, MPC) and coronary perfusion (mild hypothermia, MPC, hypoxia), and with reduced markers of necrosis (mild hypothermia, MPC, hypoxia) and mitochondrial damage (mild hypothermia, hypoxia). Conclusions: Brief modifications in physical conditions at reperfusion, such as hypothermia, mechanical postconditioning, and hypoxia, improve post-ischemic hemodynamic function in our model of DCD. Cardioprotective reperfusion strategies applied at graft procurement could improve DCD graft recovery and limit further injury; however, optimal clinical approaches remain to be characterized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Farine
- Clinic for Cardiovascular Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University HospitalBern, Switzerland; Department of Clinical Research, University of BernBern, Switzerland
| | - Petra Niederberger
- Clinic for Cardiovascular Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University HospitalBern, Switzerland; Department of Clinical Research, University of BernBern, Switzerland
| | - Rahel K Wyss
- Clinic for Cardiovascular Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University HospitalBern, Switzerland; Department of Clinical Research, University of BernBern, Switzerland
| | - Natalia Méndez-Carmona
- Clinic for Cardiovascular Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University HospitalBern, Switzerland; Department of Clinical Research, University of BernBern, Switzerland
| | - Brigitta Gahl
- Clinic for Cardiovascular Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University HospitalBern, Switzerland; Department of Clinical Research, University of BernBern, Switzerland
| | - Georg M Fiedler
- Center of Laboratory Medicine, University Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Thierry P Carrel
- Clinic for Cardiovascular Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University HospitalBern, Switzerland; Department of Clinical Research, University of BernBern, Switzerland
| | - Hendrik T Tevaearai Stahel
- Clinic for Cardiovascular Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University HospitalBern, Switzerland; Department of Clinical Research, University of BernBern, Switzerland
| | - Sarah L Longnus
- Clinic for Cardiovascular Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University HospitalBern, Switzerland; Department of Clinical Research, University of BernBern, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Understanding pacing postconditioning-mediated cardiac protection: a role of oxidative stress and a synergistic effect of adenosine. J Physiol Biochem 2016; 73:175-185. [PMID: 27864790 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-016-0535-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We and others have demonstrated a protective role for pacing postconditioning (PPC) against ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in the heart; however, the underlying mechanisms behind these protective effects are not completely understood. In this study, we wanted to further characterize PPC-mediated cardiac protection, specifically identify optimal pacing sites; examine the role of oxidative stress; and test the existence of a potential synergistic effect between PPC and adenosine. Isolated rat hearts were subjected to coronary occlusion followed by reperfusion. PPC involved three, 30 s, episodes of alternating left ventricular (LV) and right atrial (RA) pacing. Multiple pacing protocols with different pacing electrode locations were used. To test the involvement of oxidative stress, target-specific agonists or antagonists were infused at the beginning of reperfusion. Hemodynamic data were digitally recorded, and cardiac enzymes, oxidant, and antioxidant status were chemically measured. Pacing at the LV or RV but not at the heart apex or base significantly (P < 0.001) protected against ischemia-reperfusion injury. PPC-mediated protection was completely abrogated in the presence of reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger, ebselen; peroxynitrite (ONOO-) scavenger, uric acid; and nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, L-NAME. Nitric oxide (NO) donor, snap, however significantly (P < 0.05) protected the heart against I/R injury in the absence of PPC. The protective effects of PPC were significantly improved by adenosine. PPC-stimulated protection can be achieved by alternating LV and RA pacing applied at the beginning of reperfusion. NO, ROS, and the product of their interaction ONOO- play a significant role in PPC-induced cardiac protection. Finally, the protective effects of PPC can be synergized with adenosine.
Collapse
|
33
|
Babiker F, Al-Jarallah A, Joseph S. The Interplay between the Renin Angiotensin System and Pacing Postconditioning Induced Cardiac Protection. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0165777. [PMID: 27814397 PMCID: PMC5096684 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Accumulating evidence suggests a cardioprotective role of pacing postconditioning (PPC) maneuvers in animal models and more recently in humans. The procedure however remains to be optimized and its interaction with physiological systems remains to be further explored. The renin angiotensin system (RAS) plays a dual role in ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. The interaction between RAS and PPC induced cardiac protection is however not clearly understood. We have recently demonstrated that angiotensin (1–7) via Mas receptor played a significant role in PPC mediated cardiac protection against I/R injury. Objective The objective of this study was to investigate the role of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE)—chymase—angiotensin II (Ang II)—angiotensin receptor 1 (AT1) axes of RAS in PPC mediated cardiac protection. Methods Isolated rat hearts were subjected to I/R (control) or PPC in the presence or absence of Ang II, chymostatin (inhibitor of locally produced Ang II), ACE blocker (captopril) or AT1 antagonist (irbesartan). Hemodynamics data was computed digitally and infarct size was determined histologically using TTC staining and biochemically by measuring creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase levels. Results Cardiac hemodynamics were significantly (P<0.001) improved and infarct size and cardiac enzymes were significantly (P<0.001) reduced in hearts subjected to PPC relative to hearts subjected to I/R injury. Exogenous administration of Ang II did not affect I/R injury or PPC mediated protection. Nonetheless inhibition of endogenously synthesized Ang II protected against I/R induced cardiac damage yet did not block or augment the protective effects of PPC. The administration of AT1 antagonist did not alleviate I/R induced damage. Interestingly it abrogated PPC induced cardiac protection in isolated rat hearts. Finally, PPC induced protection and blockade of locally produced Ang II involved enhanced activation of ERK1/2 and Akt components of the reperfusion injury salvage kinase (RISK) pathway. Conclusions This study demonstrate a novel role of endogenously produced Ang II in mediating I/R injury and highlights the significance of AT1 signaling in PPC mediated cardiac protection in isolated rodents hearts ex vivo. The interaction between Ang II-AT1 and PPC appears to involve alterations in the activation state of ERK1/2 and Akt components of the RISK pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fawzi Babiker
- Departments of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Health Science Center, Kuwait University, Jabriya, Kuwait
- * E-mail:
| | - Aishah Al-Jarallah
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Health Science Center, Kuwait University, Jabriya, Kuwait
| | - Shaji Joseph
- Departments of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Health Science Center, Kuwait University, Jabriya, Kuwait
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Holland NA, Thompson LC, Vidanapathirana AK, Urankar RN, Lust RM, Fennell TR, Wingard CJ. Impact of pulmonary exposure to gold core silver nanoparticles of different size and capping agents on cardiovascular injury. Part Fibre Toxicol 2016; 13:48. [PMID: 27558113 PMCID: PMC4997661 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-016-0159-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The uses of engineered nanomaterials have expanded in biomedical technology and consumer manufacturing. Furthermore, pulmonary exposure to various engineered nanomaterials has, likewise, demonstrated the ability to exacerbate cardiac ischemia reperfusion (I/R) injury. However, the influence of particle size or capping agent remains unclear. In an effort to address these influences we explored response to 2 different size gold core nanosilver particles (AgNP) with two different capping agents at 2 different time points. We hypothesized that a pulmonary exposure to AgNP induces cardiovascular toxicity influenced by inflammation and vascular dysfunction resulting in expansion of cardiac I/R Injury that is sensitive to particle size and the capping agent. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to 200 μg of 20 or 110 nm polyvinylprryolidone (PVP) or citrate capped AgNP. One and 7 days following intratracheal instillation serum was analyzed for concentrations of selected cytokines; cardiac I/R injury and isolated coronary artery and aorta segment were assessed for constrictor responses and endothelial dependent relaxation and endothelial independent nitric oxide dependent relaxation. RESULTS AgNP instillation resulted in modest increase in selected serum cytokines with elevations in IL-2, IL-18, and IL-6. Instillation resulted in a derangement of vascular responses to constrictors serotonin or phenylephrine, as well as endothelial dependent relaxations with acetylcholine or endothelial independent relaxations by sodium nitroprusside in a capping and size dependent manner. Exposure to both 20 and 110 nm AgNP resulted in exacerbation cardiac I/R injury 1 day following IT instillation independent of capping agent with 20 nm AgNP inducing marginally greater injury. Seven days following IT instillation the expansion of I/R injury persisted but the greatest injury was associated with exposure to 110 nm PVP capped AgNP resulted in nearly a two-fold larger infarct size compared to naïve. CONCLUSIONS Exposure to AgNP may result in vascular dysfunction, a potentially maladaptive sensitization of the immune system to respond to a secondary insult (e.g., cardiac I/R) which may drive expansion of I/R injury at 1 and 7 days following IT instillation where the extent of injury could be correlated with capping agents and AgNP size.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan A. Holland
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834 USA
| | - Leslie C. Thompson
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834 USA
| | - Achini K. Vidanapathirana
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834 USA
| | - Rahkee N. Urankar
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834 USA
| | - Robert M. Lust
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834 USA
| | - Timothy R. Fennell
- RTI International, Discovery Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709 USA
| | - Christopher J. Wingard
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834 USA
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Pickard JMJ, Davidson SM, Hausenloy DJ, Yellon DM. Co-dependence of the neural and humoral pathways in the mechanism of remote ischemic conditioning. Basic Res Cardiol 2016; 111:50. [PMID: 27338249 PMCID: PMC4919370 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-016-0568-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The cardioprotection afforded by remote ischaemic conditioning (RIC) is mediated via a complex mechanism involving sensory afferent nerves, the vagus nerve, and release of a humoral blood-borne factor. However, it is unknown whether release of the protective factor depends on vagal activation or occurs independently. This study aimed to evaluate the co-dependence of the neural and humoral pathways of RIC, focussing on the vagus nerve and intrinsic cardiac ganglia. In the first study, anesthetised rats received bilateral cervical vagotomy or sham-surgery immediately prior to RIC (4 × 5 min limb ischemia–reperfusion) or sham-RIC. Venous blood plasma was dialysed across a 12–14 kDa membrane and dialysate perfused through a naïve-isolated rat heart prior to 35-min left anterior descending ischemia and 60-min reperfusion. In the second study, anesthetised rats received RIC (4 × 5-min limb ischemia–reperfusion) or control (sham-RIC). Dialysate was prepared and perfused through a naïve-isolated rat heart in the presence of the ganglionic blocker hexamethonium or muscarinic antagonist atropine, prior to ischemia–reperfusion as above. Dialysate collected from RIC-treated rats reduced infarct size in naïve rat hearts from 40.7 ± 6.3 to 23.7 ± 3.1 %, p < 0.05. Following bilateral cervical vagotomy, the protection of RIC dialysate was abrogated (42.2 ± 3.2 %, p < 0.05 vs RIC dialysate). In the second study, the administration of 50-μM hexamethonium (45.8 ± 2.5 %) or 100-nM atropine (36.5 ± 3.4 %) abrogated the dialysate-mediated protection. Release of a protective factor following RIC is dependent on prior activation of the vagus nerve. In addition, this factor appears to induce cardioprotection via recruitment of intrinsic cardiac ganglia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jack M J Pickard
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, 67 Chenies Mews, London, WC1E 6HX, UK
| | - Sean M Davidson
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, 67 Chenies Mews, London, WC1E 6HX, UK
| | - Derek J Hausenloy
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, 67 Chenies Mews, London, WC1E 6HX, UK.,Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.,National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Derek M Yellon
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, 67 Chenies Mews, London, WC1E 6HX, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Discrepancy in calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum and intracellular acidic stores for the protection of the heart against ischemia/reperfusion injury. J Physiol Biochem 2016; 72:495-508. [PMID: 27325083 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-016-0498-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We and others have demonstrated a protective effect of pacing postconditioning (PPC) against ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. However, the mechanisms underlying this protection are not completely clear. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) and the novel intracellular acidic stores (AS). Isolated rat hearts (n = 6 per group) were subjected to coronary occlusion followed by reperfusion using a modified Langendorff system. Cardiac hemodynamics and contractility were assessed using a data acquisition program, and cardiac injury was evaluated by creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels. Hearts were subjected to 30 min of regional ischemia, produced by ligation of the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery, followed by 30 min of reperfusion. The hearts were also subjected to PPC (3 cycles of 30 s of left ventricle (LV) pacing alternated with 30 s of right atrium (RA) pacing) and/or were treated during reperfusion with agonists or antagonists of release of calcium from SR or AS. PPC significantly (P < 0.05) normalized LV, contractility, and coronary vascular dynamics and significantly (P < 0.001) decreased heart enzyme levels compared to the control treatments. The blockade of SR calcium release resulted in a significant (P < 0.01) recovery in LV function and contractility and a significant reduction in CK and LDH levels (P < 0.01) when applied alone or in combination with PPC. Interestingly, the release of calcium from AS alone or in combination with PPC significantly improved LV function and contractility (P < 0.05) and significantly decreased the CK and LDH levels (P < 0.01) compared to the control treatments. An additive effect was produced when agonism of calcium release from AS or blockade of calcium release from the SR was combined with PPC. Calcium release from AS and blockade of calcium release from the SR protect the heart against I/R. Combining calcium release from acidic stores or blockade of calcium release from the SR with PPC produced a synergistic protective effect.
Collapse
|
37
|
Dityrosine as a marker of acute myocardial infarction? Experiments with the isolated Langendorff heart. Int J Legal Med 2016; 130:1053-1060. [PMID: 27184659 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-016-1376-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The isolated Langendorff heart was used to evaluate dityrosine as a marker of acute myocardial infarctions. The animal model allowed the generation of local infarctions with defined survival times, as well as infarctions with and without reperfusion. The results showed that dityrosine, at least under the conditions of the animal model, occurs very shortly after early ischemia and infarctions, since positive staining results were already obtained after a survival time of only 5 min. Furthermore, it could be proved that the occurrence of dityrosine does not depend on a reperfusion of the ischemic muscle area and that there are no differences in the staining patterns of infarctions with and without reperfusion. Positive staining results for dityrosine in control hearts without infarctions had to be considered when evaluating the tissue samples of the study hearts. In part, the positive staining results of the control hearts seemed to be an artefact of the Langendorff system, easily identifiable by a distinctive staining pattern. Positive staining results in tissue samples of hearts that suffered from arrhythmia on the other hand implied that the occurrence of dityrosine is not specific for myocardial infarctions. Taking into account the results of previous works on human tissue samples, however, these findings did not question the use of dityrosine as a diagnostic tool; they simply showed that myocardial damage due to oxidative stress might occur under various pathologic conditions.
Collapse
|
38
|
Abwainy A, Babiker F, Akhtar S, Benter IF. Endogenous angiotensin-(1-7)/Mas receptor/NO pathway mediates the cardioprotective effects of pacing postconditioning. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2015; 310:H104-12. [PMID: 26519026 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00121.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of the ANG-(1-7) receptor (Mas) and nitric oxide (NO) in pacing postconditiong (PPC)-mediated cardioprotection against ischemia-reperfusion injury. Cardiac contractility and hemodynamics were assessed using a modified Langendorff system, cardiac damage was assessed by measuring infarct size and creatinine kinase levels, and levels of phosphorylated and total endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) were determined by Western blot analysis. Isolated hearts were subjected to 30 min of regional ischemia, produced by fixed position ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery, followed by 30 min of reperfusion (n = 6). Hearts were also subjected to PPC (three cycles of 30 s of left ventricular pacing alternated with 30 s of right atrial pacing) and/or treated during reperfusion with ANG-(1-7), N(G)-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester, or the Mas antagonist (d-Ala7)-ANG I/II (1-7). The PPC-mediated improvement in cardiac contractility and hemodyanamics, cardiac damage, and eNOS phosphorylation were significantly attenuated upon treatment with (d-Ala7)-ANG I/II (1-7) or N(G)-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester. Treatment with ANG-(1-7) improved cardiac function and reduced infarct size and creatinine kinase levels; however, the effects of ANG-(1-7) were not additive with PPC. In conclusion, these data provide novel insights into the cardioprotective mechanisms of PPC in that they involve the Mas receptor and eNOS and further suggest a potential therapeutic role for ANG-(1-7) in cardiac ischemic injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ala'a Abwainy
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Health Science Center, Kuwait University, Kuwait
| | - Fawzi Babiker
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Health Science Center, Kuwait University, Kuwait;
| | - Saghir Akhtar
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Health Science Center, Kuwait University, Kuwait; and
| | - Ibrahim F Benter
- Faculty of Medicine, Eastern Mediterranean University, Famagusta, North Cyprus
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Rossello X, Hall AR, Bell RM, Yellon DM. Characterization of the Langendorff Perfused Isolated Mouse Heart Model of Global Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury: Impact of Ischemia and Reperfusion Length on Infarct Size and LDH Release. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 2015; 21:286-95. [PMID: 26353758 DOI: 10.1177/1074248415604462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Langendorff perfused isolated mouse heart model is commonly used to assess the efficacy of cardioprotective therapies, although the duration of ischemia and reperfusion vary considerably between different laboratories. We aimed to provide a thorough characterization of the model with different durations of ischemia and reperfusion by means of 2 different end points-infarct size (IS) using triphenyltetrazolium staining and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release. METHODS C57/BL6 mice hearts were retrograde perfused on a Langendorff apparatus and allocated into 9 groups in a 3 × 3 factorial design-3 ischemic durations (25, 35, and 45 minutes) matched by 3 reperfusion durations (60, 120, and 180 minutes). A protocol of ischemic preconditioning (IPC) was applied to investigate IS and LDH kinetics with different ischemic durations. RESULTS Infarct size progressively increased with the duration of both ischemia and reperfusion and was found to be independently associated with both determinants. In terms of LDH release kinetics, a peak was observed within the first 10 to 15 minutes of reperfusion and steadily declined thereafter, although a second smaller peak was observed in the 25-minute ischemia group. Only LDH peak release was associated with the ischemia length, with area under the curve (AUC) failing to follow ischemic duration. Interestingly, while IPC reduced IS in all ischemic durations investigated, a significant attenuation of LDH AUC was only observed in the 25-minute index ischemia group. Only a moderately positive correlation was observed between IS and LDH peak (R = .547, P = .006) and AUC (R = .664, P < .001). CONCLUSION Myocardial IS measured by triphenyltetrazolium staining depends on both the duration of ischemia and the length of the reperfusion period. The LDH assessment may not be the most reliable tool to assess IS and/or to examine cardioprotective effectiveness at various times of ischemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Rossello
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew R Hall
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Robert M Bell
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Derek M Yellon
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom NIHR UCLH Biomedical Research Centre, University College London Hospital & Medical School, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Ferrera R, Benhabbouche S, Da Silva CC, Alam MR, Ovize M. Delayed low pressure at reperfusion: A new approach for cardioprotection. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2015; 150:1641-8.e2. [PMID: 26384749 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2015.08.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Revised: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aims of this study were to evaluate whether the delayed application of low-pressure reperfusion could reduce lethal reperfusion injury and whether the inhibition of the opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore is involved in this protection. METHODS Isolated rat hearts (n = 120) underwent 40 minutes of global ischemia followed by 60 minutes of reperfusion. Hearts were randomly assigned to the following groups: control, postconditioning (comprising 2 episodes of 30 seconds of ischemia and 30 seconds of reperfusion), and low-pressure reperfusion (using a reduction of perfusion pressure at 70 cm H2O for 10 minutes). In additional groups, postconditioning and low-pressure reperfusion were applied after a delay of 3, 10, and 20 minutes after the initial 40-minute ischemic insult. RESULTS As expected, infarct size (triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining) and lactate dehydrogenase release were significantly reduced in low-pressure reperfusion and postconditioning versus controls (P < .01), whereas functional parameters (coronary flow, rate pressure product) were improved (P < .01). Although delaying postconditioning by more than 3 minutes resulted in a loss of protection, low-pressure reperfusion still significantly reduced infarct size when applied as late as 20 minutes after reperfusion. This delayed low-pressure reperfusion protection was associated with an improved mitochondrial respiration, lower reactive oxygen species production, and enhanced calcium retention capacity, related to inhibition of permeability transition pore opening. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated for the first time that low-pressure reperfusion can reduce lethal myocardial reperfusion injury even when performed 10 to 20 minutes after the initiation of reperfusion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Michel Ovize
- Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France; IHU OPERA and Service d'Explorations Fonctionnelles Cardiovasculaires and CIC de Lyon, Groupement Hospitalier Est, Hospices Civils of Lyon, Lyon, France
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Herr DJ, Aune SE, Menick DR. Induction and Assessment of Ischemia-reperfusion Injury in Langendorff-perfused Rat Hearts. J Vis Exp 2015:e52908. [PMID: 26274877 DOI: 10.3791/52908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The biochemical events surrounding ischemia reperfusion injury in the acute setting are of great importance to furthering novel treatment options for myocardial infarction and cardiac complications of thoracic surgery. The ability of certain drugs to precondition the myocardium against ischemia reperfusion injury has led to multiple clinical trials, with little success. The isolated heart model allows acute observation of the functional effects of ischemia reperfusion injury in real time, including the effects of various pharmacological interventions administered at any time-point before or within the ischemia-reperfusion injury window. Since brief periods of ischemia can precondition the heart against ischemic injury, in situ aortic cannulation is performed to allow for functional assessment of non-preconditioned myocardium. A saline filled balloon is placed into the left ventricle to allow for real-time measurement of pressure generation. Ischemic injury is simulated by the cessation of perfusion buffer flow, followed by reperfusion. The duration of both ischemia and reperfusion can be modulated to examine biochemical events at any given time-point. Although the Langendorff isolated heart model does not allow for the consideration of systemic events affecting ischemia and reperfusion, it is an excellent model for the examination of acute functional and biochemical events within the window of ischemia reperfusion injury as well as the effect of pharmacological intervention on cardiac pre- and postconditioning. The goal of this protocol is to demonstrate how to perform in situ aortic cannulation and heart excision followed by ischemia/reperfusion injury in the Langendorff model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Herr
- Department of Medicine/Cardiology, Gazes Cardiac Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina
| | - Sverre E Aune
- Department of Medicine/Cardiology, Gazes Cardiac Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina
| | - Donald R Menick
- Department of Medicine/Cardiology, Gazes Cardiac Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina; Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Medical University of South Carolina;
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Sinapic acid protects heart against ischemia/reperfusion injury and H9c2 cardiomyoblast cells against oxidative stress. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 456:853-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
43
|
Lecour S, Bøtker HE, Condorelli G, Davidson SM, Garcia-Dorado D, Engel FB, Ferdinandy P, Heusch G, Madonna R, Ovize M, Ruiz-Meana M, Schulz R, Sluijter JPG, Van Laake LW, Yellon DM, Hausenloy DJ. ESC working group cellular biology of the heart: position paper: improving the preclinical assessment of novel cardioprotective therapies. Cardiovasc Res 2014; 104:399-411. [PMID: 25344369 PMCID: PMC4242141 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvu225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischaemic heart disease (IHD) remains the leading cause of death and disability worldwide. As a result, novel therapies are still needed to protect the heart from the detrimental effects of acute ischaemia–reperfusion injury, in order to improve clinical outcomes in IHD patients. In this regard, although a large number of novel cardioprotective therapies discovered in the research laboratory have been investigated in the clinical setting, only a few of these have been demonstrated to improve clinical outcomes. One potential reason for this lack of success may have been the failure to thoroughly assess the cardioprotective efficacy of these novel therapies in suitably designed preclinical experimental animal models. Therefore, the aim of this Position Paper by the European Society of Cardiology Working Group Cellular Biology of the Heart is to provide recommendations for improving the preclinical assessment of novel cardioprotective therapies discovered in the research laboratory, with the aim of increasing the likelihood of success in translating these new treatments into improved clinical outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandrine Lecour
- Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa and MRC Inter-University Cape Heart Group, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Hans E Bøtker
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital Skejby, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Gianluigi Condorelli
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, National Research Council of Italy, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Sean M Davidson
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, 67 Chenies Mews
| | - David Garcia-Dorado
- Department of Cardiology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital and Research Institute, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Felix B Engel
- Experimental Renal and Cardiovascular Research, Department of Nephropathology, Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Peter Ferdinandy
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gerd Heusch
- Institut für Pathophysiologie, West German Heart and Vascular Centre, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Rosalinda Madonna
- Institute of Cardiology and Center of Excellence on Aging, 'G. d'Annunzio' University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX, USA Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical School, Center of Cardiovascular and Atherosclerosis Research, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michel Ovize
- Inserm U 1060 (CarMeN_Cardioprotection Team) & CIC de Lyon, Service d'Exploration Fonctionnelles Cardiovasculaires, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, Lyon, France
| | - Marisol Ruiz-Meana
- Department of Cardiology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital and Research Institute, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Linda W Van Laake
- University Medical Center Utrecht and Hubrecht Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Derek M Yellon
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, 67 Chenies Mews
| | - Derek J Hausenloy
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, 67 Chenies Mews
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Lowalekar SK, Cao H, Lu XG, Treanor PR, Thatte HS. Subnormothermic preservation in somah: a novel approach for enhanced functional resuscitation of donor hearts for transplant. Am J Transplant 2014; 14:2253-62. [PMID: 25154901 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.12846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Revised: 05/02/2014] [Accepted: 05/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Organ preservation at 4°C results in temporally irreversible injury to cellular structure and function. This study was designed to evaluate the possibility of storing hearts at ambient temperatures in novel organ preservation solution Somah to prevent damage and preserve optimum function by maintaining cellular energy over the temperature range of storage. Porcine hearts were stored in Celsior at 4°C and Somah at 4°C, 13°C and 21°C for 5 h thereafter reperfused and reanimated in vitro for 3 h. Heart weights, histopathology, ultrastructure and 2-dimensional echocardiography (2D-Echo) assessments showed preservation of structure in Somah groups. Tissue high-energy phosphate levels in Somah groups after storage were significantly greater than the Celsior hearts (p < 0.05) and highest in the 21°C Somah hearts. Upon reperfusion, myocardial O2 consumption and lactate levels quickly achieved steady state in 21°C hearts, but were delayed in Somah 4/13°C groups and severely depressed in the Celsior group. Inotrope and electroconversion requirements were inversely related to storage temperature. In vitro 2D Echo demonstrated a discordantly attenuated function in the Celsior group, moderate functionality in 4°C Somah group and superior reestablishment of performance in the Somah higher temperature groups. Hearts stored in Somah at 21°C were metabolically and functionally superior to any other groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S K Lowalekar
- Cardiothoracic Surgery Division, Departments of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Lowalekar SK, Treanor PR, Thatte HS. Cardioplegia at subnormothermia facilitates rapid functional resuscitation of hearts preserved in SOMAH for transplants. J Cardiothorac Surg 2014; 9:155. [PMID: 25238790 PMCID: PMC4182865 DOI: 10.1186/s13019-014-0155-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Hearts preserved ex vivo at 4°C undergo time-dependent irreversible injury due to extreme hypothermia. Studies using novel organ preservative solution SOMAH, suggest that hearts are optimally `preserved' at subnormothermic temperature of 21°C. Present study evaluates relative efficacy of SOMAH `cardioplegia' at 4 and 21°C in preservation of optimum heart function after in vitro storage at subnormothermia. Methods Porcine hearts arrested with SOMAH cardioplegia at 4 or 21°C were stored in SOMAH for 5-hour at 21°C (n = 5). At the end of storage, the weight of hearts was recorded and biopsies taken for cardiac tissue high energy phosphate level measurements. The hearts were then attached to a reperfusion apparatus and biochemical parameters including cardiac enzyme release and myocardial oxygen consumption and lactate production were determined in perfusate samples at regular intervals during ex vivo perfusion experiment. Functional evaluation of the hearts intraoperatively and ex vivo was performed by 2D echocardiography using trans-esophageal echocardiography probe. Results Post-storage heart weights were unaltered in both groups, while available high-energy phosphates (HEP) were greater in the 21°C group. Upon ex vivo reperfusion, coronary flow was significantly greater (p < 0.05) in 21°C group. 2D echo revealed a greater cardiac output, fractional area change and ejection fraction in 21°C group that was not significantly different than the 4°C group. However, unlike 4°C hearts, 21°C hearts did not require inotropic intervention. Upon reperfusion, rate of cardiac enzyme release temporally resolved in 21°C group, but not in the 4°C group. 21°C working hearts maintained their energy state during the experimental duration but not the 4°C group; albeit, both groups demonstrated robust metabolism and function during this period. Conclusions Rapid metabolic switch, increased synthesis of HEP, decreased injury and optimal function provides evidence that hearts arrested at 21°C remain viably and functionally superior to those arrested at 4°C when stored in SOMAH at ambient temperature pre-transplant. Ultramini-abstract Cardioplegic arrest and preservation of hearts in SOMAH at ambient temperature efficiently conserves metabolism and function in in vitro porcine model of heart transplant. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13019-014-0155-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
|
46
|
Aune SE, Herr DJ, Mani SK, Menick DR. Selective inhibition of class I but not class IIb histone deacetylases exerts cardiac protection from ischemia reperfusion. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2014; 72:138-45. [PMID: 24632412 PMCID: PMC4046340 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2014.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Revised: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
While inhibition of class I/IIb histone deacetylases (HDACs) protects the mammalian heart from ischemia reperfusion (IR) injury, class selective effects remain unexamined. We hypothesized that selective inhibition of class I HDACs would preserve left ventricular contractile function following IR in isolated hearts. Male Sprague Dawley rats (n=6 per group) were injected with vehicle (dimethylsulfoxide, 0.63mg/kg), the class I/IIb HDAC inhibitor trichostatin A (1mg/kg), the class I HDAC inhibitor entinostat (MS-275, 10mg/kg), or the HDAC6 (class IIb) inhibitor tubastatin A (10mg/kg). After 24h, hearts were isolated and perfused in Langendorff mode for 30min (Sham) or subjected to 30min global ischemia and 120min global reperfusion (IR). A saline filled balloon attached to a pressure transducer was placed in the LV to monitor contractile function. After perfusion, LV tissue was collected for measurements of antioxidant protein levels and infarct area. At the conclusion of IR, MS-275 pretreatment was associated with significant preservation of developed pressure, rate of pressure generation, rate of pressure relaxation and rate pressure product, as compared to vehicle treated hearts. There was significant reduction of infarct area with MS-275 pretreatment. Contractile function was not significantly restored in hearts treated with trichostatin A or tubastatin A. Mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (SOD2) and catalase protein and mRNA in hearts from animals pretreated with MS-275 were increased following IR, as compared to Sham. This was associated with a dramatic enrichment of nuclear FOXO3a transcription factor, which mediates the expression of SOD2 and catalase. Tubastatin A treatment was associated with significantly decreased catalase levels after IR. Class I HDAC inhibition elicits protection of contractile function following IR, which is associated with increased expression of endogenous antioxidant enzymes. Class I/IIb HDAC inhibition with trichostatin A or selective inhibition of HDAC6 with tubastatin A was not protective. This study highlights the need for the development of new strategies that target specific HDAC isoforms in cardiac ischemia reperfusion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sverre E Aune
- Gazes Cardiac Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, 114 Doughty St., Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Daniel J Herr
- Gazes Cardiac Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, 114 Doughty St., Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Santhosh K Mani
- Gazes Cardiac Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, 114 Doughty St., Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Donald R Menick
- Gazes Cardiac Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, 114 Doughty St., Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Inserte J, Hernando V, Ruiz-Meana M, Poncelas-Nozal M, Fernández C, Agulló L, Sartorio C, Vilardosa Ú, Garcia-Dorado D. Delayed phospholamban phosphorylation in post-conditioned heart favours Ca2+ normalization and contributes to protection. Cardiovasc Res 2014; 103:542-53. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvu163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
|
48
|
Senthamizhselvan O, Manivannan J, Silambarasan T, Raja B. Diosmin pretreatment improves cardiac function and suppresses oxidative stress in rat heart after ischemia/reperfusion. Eur J Pharmacol 2014; 736:131-7. [PMID: 24769512 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Revised: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Reperfusion of ischemic tissue leads to the generation of oxygen derived free radicals which plays an important role in cellular damage. Objective of the current study is to evaluate the cardio-protective and antioxidant effect of diosmin on ischemia-reperfusion related cardiac dysfunction, oxidative stress and apoptosis. Diosmin (50 and 100 mg/kg body weight (bw)) was given every day to the rats orally throughout the experimental period. Ischemia/reperfusion protocol was carried out ex vivo using langendorff perfusion method and the cardiac functional recovery was assessed in terms of percentage rate pressure product. Coronary effluents of LDH and CK-MB activities, antioxidant enzyme activities, lipid peroxidation products, activity of TCA cycle enzymes were evaluated. Moreover, in vitro superoxide anion and hydroxyl radical scavenging potential of diosmin was also quantified. Finally, quantitative real-time PCR was used for assessing Bcl-2 mRNA expression in heart. Cardiac functional recovery was impaired after reperfusion compared with continuously perfused heart. It was significantly prevented by diosmin treatment. Impaired antioxidant enzyme activities and elevated lipid peroxidation products level were also significantly suppressed. The activity of TCA cycle enzymes was protected against reperfusion stress. Down regulated Bcl-2 was also significantly increased. This study concluded that diosmin pretreatment prevents all the impaired patterns including cardiac function, oxidative stress and apoptosis associated with reperfusion in control heart by its antioxidant role.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oomaidurai Senthamizhselvan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar 608 002, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jeganathan Manivannan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar 608 002, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Thangarasu Silambarasan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar 608 002, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Boobalan Raja
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar 608 002, Tamil Nadu, India.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Zhou C, Li H, Yao Y, Li L. Delayed remote ischemic preconditioning produces an additive cardioprotection to sevoflurane postconditioning through an enhanced heme oxygenase 1 level partly via nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 nuclear translocation. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 2014; 19:558-66. [PMID: 24651515 DOI: 10.1177/1074248414524479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Although both sevoflurane postconditioning (SPoC) and delayed remote ischemic preconditioning (DRIPC) have been proved effective in various animal and human studies, the combined effect of these 2 strategies remains unclear. Therefore, this study was designed to investigate this effect and elucidate the related signal mechanisms in a Langendorff perfused rat heart model. After 30-minute balanced perfusion, isolated hearts were subjected to 30-minute ischemia followed by 60-minute reperfusion except 90-minute perfusion for control. A synergic cardioprotective effect of SPoC (3% v/v) and DRIPC (4 cycles 5-minute occlusion/5-minute reflow at the unilateral hindlimb once per day for 3 days before heart isolation) was observed with facilitated cardiac functional recovery and decreased cardiac enzyme release. The infarct size-limiting effect was more pronounced in the combined group (6.76% ± 2.18%) than in the SPoC group (16.50% ± 4.55%, P < .001) or in the DRIPC group (10.22% ± 2.57%, P = .047). Subsequent analysis revealed that an enhanced heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) expression, but not protein kinase B/AKt or extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 and 2 activation, was involved in the synergic cardioprotective effect, which was further confirmed in the messenger RNA level of HO-1. Such trend was also observed in the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) nuclear translocation, an upstream regulation of HO-1. In addition, correlation analysis showed a significantly positive relationship between HO-1 expression and Nrf2 translocation (r = 0.729, P < .001). Hence, we conclude that DRIPC may produce an additive cardioprotection to SPoC through an enhanced HO-1 expression partly via Nrf2 translocation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chenghui Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Huatong Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yuntai Yao
- Department of Anesthesiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lihuan Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Cardioprotective Effect of the Aqueous Extract of Lavender Flower against Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury. J CHEM-NY 2014. [DOI: 10.1155/2014/368376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the cardioprotective property of the aqueous extract of lavender flower (LFAE). The myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury of rat was prepared by Langendorff retrograde perfusion technology. The heart was preperfused with K-H solution containing LFAE for 10 min before 20 minutes global ischemia, and then the reperfusion with K-H solution was conducted for 45 min. The left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP) and the maximum up/downrate of left ventricular pressure (±dp/dtmax) were recorded by physiological recorder as the myocardial function and the myocardial infarct size was detected by TTC staining. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase (CK) activities in the effluent were measured to determine the myocardial injury degree. The superoxide anion dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in myocardial tissue were detected to determine the oxidative stress degree. The results showed that the pretreatment with LFAE significantly decreased the myocardial infarct size and also decreased the LDH, CK activities, and MDA level, while it increased the LVDP, ±dp/dtmax, SOD activities, and the coronary artery flow. Our findings indicated that LFAE could provide protection for heart against the I/R injury which may be related to the improvement of myocardial oxidative stress states.
Collapse
|