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Correale M, Pelaggi G, Catanoso MC, Miccichè S, Teresi L, Bonanno S, Bellocchi P, Poleggi C, Capasso R, Barile M, Visco V, Carluccio E, Nodari S, Ciccarelli M, Dattilo G. Vericiguat in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: hope or solid reality? Heart Fail Rev 2024; 29:1135-1143. [PMID: 39044114 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-024-10425-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, thanks to the advent of new classes of drugs (ARNI and SGLT2-i), the prognosis of patients suffering from heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) has gradually improved. Nonetheless, there is a residual risk that is not targeted by these therapies. Currently, it is recognized that vericiguat, an oral stimulator of soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC), can restore the NO-sGC-cGMP pathway, through stimulation and activation of sGC, aiming to increase cGMP levels with a reduction in heart failure-related oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction. Even though the Victoria trial demonstrated that HFrEF patients in treatment with vericiguat showed a 10% reduction in the composite of cardiovascular mortality and rehospitalization for heart failure, statistically significantly reducing heart failure hospitalization, the international guidelines limit its use as a second-line drug for patients with worsening symptomatology despite optimized medical therapy. Furthermore, vericiguat has proved to be a valid therapeutic ally especially in those patients with comorbidities such that they cannot receive the classic four-pillar therapy of HF (in particular renal failure). In this review, the authors report on randomized clinical trials, substudies, and meta-analysis about vericiguat in HFrEF, emphasizing the strengths that would suggest the possible role of vericiguat as the fifth pillar of the HFrEF treatment, acknowledging that there are still gaps in the evidence that need to be clarified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Correale
- Cardiothoracic Department, Policlinico Riuniti University Hospital, Foggia, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Pelaggi
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Section of Cardiology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Maria Concetta Catanoso
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Section of Cardiology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Serena Miccichè
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Section of Cardiology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Lucio Teresi
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Section of Cardiology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Salvatore Bonanno
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Section of Cardiology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Paolo Bellocchi
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Section of Cardiology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Cristina Poleggi
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Section of Cardiology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Raffaele Capasso
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Massimo Barile
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Valeria Visco
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Via Salvador Allende, 84081, Baronissi, Italy
| | - Erberto Carluccio
- Cardiology and Cardiovascular Pathophysiology, S. Maria Della Misericordia Hospital, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Savina Nodari
- Department of Cardiology, University of Brescia and ASST Spedali Civili Di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Michele Ciccarelli
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Via Salvador Allende, 84081, Baronissi, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Dattilo
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Section of Cardiology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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Cao Y, Sun Y, Miao B, Zhang X, Zhao Q, Qi L, Chen Y, Zhu L. Vericiguat on C-reactive Protein Level and Prognosis in Patients with Hypertensive Heart Failure. High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev 2024:10.1007/s40292-024-00664-y. [PMID: 39168957 DOI: 10.1007/s40292-024-00664-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hypertensive heart failure (HHF) has a high incidence and poor prognosis. AIM This article evaluated the efficacy and safety of Vericiguat in HHF and analyzed the relationship between C-reactive protein (CRP) levels and patient prognosis. METHODS 110 HHF patients were divided into Placebo and Vericiguat groups. Cardiac function was assessed by echocardiography and 6-minute walk test (6MWT). Blood samples were collected to detect the levels of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), cardiac troponin I (cTnI), endothelin (ET-1), nitric oxide (NO), and CRP. RESULTS Left ventricular end systolic diameter (LVESD) and left ventricular end diastolic dimension (LVEDD) were reduced, the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and 6MWT were increased, and the serum levels of NT-proBNP, cTnI, ET-1, NO, and CRP were decreased in Vericiguat group as against Placebo group; The total effective rate was 76.4% in Placebo group and 92.7% in Vericiguat group (P < 0.05). The adverse reaction rate was 10.9% and 9.1% (P > 0.05). The proportion of persons with poor prognosis and no improvement of cardiac function in patients with highly expressed CRP before treatment was higher as against patients with low expression of CRP (P < 0.05). Highly expressed CRP is an independent risk factor for poor prognosis. CONCLUSION Vericiguat is safe and effective in improving cardiac function in HHF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yabing Cao
- Department 1 of Cardiology, Xingtai Third Hospital, Xingtai, Hebei Province, 054000, China
| | - Yunjing Sun
- Department 2 of Cardiology, Xingtai Third Hospital, Xingtai, Hebei Province, 054000, China
| | - Bo Miao
- Department of Cardiovascular Intensive Care Unit, Xingtai Third Hospital, Xingtai, Hebei Province, 054000, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Department 1 of Cardiology, Xingtai Third Hospital, Xingtai, Hebei Province, 054000, China
| | - Qingzhou Zhao
- Department 1 of Cardiology, Xingtai Third Hospital, Xingtai, Hebei Province, 054000, China
| | - Liping Qi
- Department of Cardiology, Xingtai Third Hospital, Xingtai, Hebei Province, 054000, China
| | - Yaoqi Chen
- Department 1 of Cardiology, Xingtai Third Hospital, Xingtai, Hebei Province, 054000, China
| | - Lingling Zhu
- Department 1 of Cardiology, Xingtai Third Hospital, Xingtai, Hebei Province, 054000, China.
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Kang DW, Kang SH, Lee K, Nam K, Kim ES, Yoon JC, Park SK. Comparative efficacy of vericiguat to sacubitril/valsartan for patients with heart failure reduced ejection fraction: Systematic review and network meta-analysis. Int J Cardiol 2024; 400:131786. [PMID: 38242507 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2024.131786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the established efficacy of vericiguat compared to placebo, uncertainties remain regarding its comparative efficacy to sacubitril/valsartan for patients with heart failure reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). This study aimed to assess the relative efficacy of vericiguat and sacubitril/valsartan through a systematic review, network meta-analysis, and non-inferiority tests. METHODS A systematic review was conducted to identify the randomized phase 3 clinical trials involving vericiguat and sacubitril/valsartan. The hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for cardiovascular death (CVD) and hospitalization due to HF (hHF) were extracted from these trials and synthesized via network meta-analysis. Non-inferiority testing of vericiguat was performed using a fixed-margin method with a predefined non-inferiority margin (1.24). Sensitivity analyses explored the impact of the time from hHF to screening. RESULTS Among the 1366 studies, two trials (VICTORIA and PARADIGM-HF) met the inclusion criteria. Network meta-analysis demonstrated that the HR for CVD or hHF with vericiguat did not significantly differ from that for sacubitril/valsartan (HR: 0.88, 95% CI:0.62-1.23). The upper limit of the 95% CI was less than the predefined margin of 1.24, confirming vericiguat's non-inferiority to sacubitril/valsartan. Sensitivity analyses affirmed the robustness of the base-case results. CONCLUSION Vericiguat exhibited a comparable risk of CVD or hHF when contrasted with sacubitril/valsartan. Importantly, in patients with HFrEF, vericiguat's efficacy was not statistically inferior to that of sacubitril/valsartan. These findings reinforce the potential of vericiguat as a viable treatment option for this patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Won Kang
- Division of Outcomes Research and Quality, Department of Surgery, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States of America
| | - Seung-Ho Kang
- Department of Statistics and Data Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungmin Lee
- Market Access & Policy Advocacy, Bayer Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute of Regulatory Innovation through Science, Department of Regulatory Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungae Nam
- College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui-Soon Kim
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Chan Yoon
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Catholic Research Institute for Intractable Cardiovascular Disease, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Kyeong Park
- College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.
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Cheng C, Fan ZG, Ji MY, Xu Y, He SH, Ma GS. Prognostic significance of serum dynamin‑related protein 1 in patients with heart failure: Findings from a prospective observational study. Exp Ther Med 2024; 27:115. [PMID: 38361518 PMCID: PMC10867727 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2024.12404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction plays a critical role in the development and exacerbation of heart failure (HF). Dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1), a key regulator of mitochondrial fission, influences cardiac energy metabolism. The present study investigated the relationship between serum Drp1 levels and the prognosis of patients with HF across a broad spectrum. Serum Drp1 concentrations were measured using ELISA. The primary outcome was the risk of composite major adverse cardiac events (MACEs), which included instances of cardiac death and HF-related readmissions. To assess the prognostic significance of serum Drp1, a receiver operating characteristic curve was constructed to predict MACE-free survival. Additionally, an optimal threshold value for Drp1 was determined and was used to stratify patients into different risk categories. A total of 256 HF patients were finally included and categorized into two groups based on their serum Drp1 levels, labeled as the low (Drp1 ≤2.66 ng/ml, n=101) and high group (Drp1 >2.66 ng/ml, n=155). Patients with low serum Drp1 concentrations showed impaired heart structure and function, as assessed by echocardiography. The 6-month follow-up results indicated that patients with reduced Drp1 concentrations faced a substantially increased risk of MACEs (21.1% vs. 2.8%; P<0.001). The present study revealed that diminished serum Drp1 concentrations could potentially act as a predictive marker for the prognosis of HF in a broad patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, Subei People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225002, P.R. China
| | - Zhong-Guo Fan
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Ming-Yue Ji
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
- Department of Cardiology, Lianshui People's Hospital, Huaian, Jiangsu 223400, P.R. China
| | - Yang Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Sheng-Hu He
- Department of Cardiology, Subei People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225002, P.R. China
| | - Gen-Shan Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
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Dies RM, Jackson CN, Flanagan CJ, Sinnathamby ES, Spillers NJ, Potharaju P, Singh N, Varrassi G, Ahmadzadeh S, Shekoohi S, Kaye AD. The Evolving Role of Vericiguat in Patients With Chronic Heart Failure. Cureus 2023; 15:e49782. [PMID: 38161537 PMCID: PMC10757766 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.49782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a chronic and progressive clinical disorder characterized by an inability to pump sufficient blood to meet metabolic demands. It poses a substantial global healthcare burden, leading to high morbidity, mortality, and economic impact. Current treatments for HF include lifestyle modifications, guideline-directed medical therapies (GDMT), and device interventions, but the need for novel therapeutic approaches remains significant. The introduction of vericiguat, a soluble guanylate cyclase stimulator, has shown promise in improving outcomes for heart failure patients. Vericiguat addresses the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of heart failure by augmenting the cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) pathway, leading to enhanced cardiac contractility and vasodilation. Clinical trials evaluating the efficacy and safety of vericiguat, such as the Vericiguat Global Study in Subjects with Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction (VICTORIA) trial, have demonstrated promising results. It has been shown that vericiguat, when added to standard therapy, reduces the risk of HF hospitalization and cardiovascular death in patients with symptomatic chronic HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). The addition of vericiguat to the current armamentarium of HF treatments provides clinicians with a novel therapeutic option to further optimize patient outcomes. Its potential benefits extend beyond symptom management, aiming to reduce hospitalizations and mortality rates associated with HF. As with any new treatment, the appropriate patient selection, monitoring, and management of potential adverse effects are essential. Further research is warranted to determine the long-term benefits, optimal dosing strategies, and potential combination therapies involving vericiguat. Its ability to target the cGMP pathway provides a unique mechanism of action, offering potential benefits in improving clinical outcomes for HF patients. Continued investigation and clinical experience will further elucidate the role of vericiguat in the management of HF and its overall impact on reducing the healthcare burden associated with this debilitating condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross M Dies
- College of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, USA
| | - Corrie N Jackson
- College of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, USA
| | - Chelsi J Flanagan
- College of Medicine, University of the Incarnate Word School of Osteopathic Medicine, San Antonio, USA
| | - Evan S Sinnathamby
- College of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center New Orleans, New Orleans, USA
| | - Noah J Spillers
- College of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, USA
| | - Pooja Potharaju
- Department of Anesthesiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, USA
| | - Naina Singh
- Department of Anesthesiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, USA
| | | | - Shahab Ahmadzadeh
- Department of Anesthesiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, USA
| | - Sahar Shekoohi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, USA
| | - Alan D Kaye
- Department of Anesthesiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, USA
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Suebsaicharoen T, Chunekamrai P, Yingchoncharoen T, Tansawet A, Issarawattana T, Numthavaj P, Thakkinstian A. Comparative cardiovascular outcomes of novel drugs as an addition to conventional triple therapy for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF): a network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Open Heart 2023; 10:e002364. [PMID: 37940331 PMCID: PMC10632908 DOI: 10.1136/openhrt-2023-002364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently, there is no head-to-head comparison of novel pharmacological treatments for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). A network meta-analysis aimed to compare effects of both conventional and alternative drug combinations on time to develop primary composite outcome of cardiovascular death or heart failure hospitalisation (PCO). METHODS Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) were identified from Medline, Scopus up to June 2021. The RCTs were included if comparing any single or combination of drugs, that is, ACE inhibitors (ACEI), angiotensin receptor blockers, beta-blockers (BB), mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRA), ivabradine (IVA), angiotensin receptor blocker/neprilysin inhibitors (ARNI) and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i), soluble guanylyl cyclase and omecamtiv mecarbil and reporting PCO. Data were extracted from Kaplan-Meier curves, individual patient data were generated. A mixed-effect Weibull regression was applied. Median time to PCO, HRs with 95% CI were estimated accordingly. Our findings suggested that ACEI+BB+MRA+SGLT2i, BB+MRA+ARNI, and ACEI+BB+MRA+IVA had lower probability of PCOs than the conventional triple therapy (ACEI+BB+MRA). RESULTS Median time to PCOs of ACEI+BB+MRA was 57.7 months whereas median times to those new combinations were longer than 57.7 months. In addition, the three new regimens had a significantly lower PCO risks than ACEI+BB+MRA, with the HRs (95% CI) of 0.51 (0.43 to 0.61), 0.55 (0.46 to 0.65) and 0.56 (0.47 to 0.67), accordingly. CONCLUSION This study suggested that SGLT2i, ARNI and IVA in addition to ACEI+BB+MRA may be better in prolonging time to develop PCO in HFrEF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Puri Chunekamrai
- Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University, Nakhon Nayok, Thailand
| | - Teerapat Yingchoncharoen
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Amarit Tansawet
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine Vajira Hospital, Navamindradhiraj University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Thanaphruet Issarawattana
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pawin Numthavaj
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Ammarin Thakkinstian
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Speranza-Sánchez M, Zavaleta E, Sancho-Zumbado S, Elizondo-Urrutia JC, Quirós-Romero A, Chaverri-Fernández J, García-Montero J, Arguedas-Chacón S. Dosing Challenges and Benefits of Vericiguat in a Patient With Decompensated Heart Failure: A Case Report. Cureus 2023; 15:e48065. [PMID: 38046500 PMCID: PMC10689053 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.48065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Vericiguat has emerged as a promising add-on therapy for decompensated heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) patients requiring hospitalization or IV diuretic administration. In the VICTORIA trial (Vericiguat Global Study in Subjects with Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction), vericiguat was demonstrated to significantly reduce mortality and hospitalization rates. However, the effect of vericiguat on patients receiving SGLT2 inhibitors remains uncertain. In this report, we present a complicated case of dilated heart failure receiving low doses of foundational therapy due to a patient's intolerance but still experiencing recurrent hospital readmissions. Following six months of low-dose vericiguat as an add-on therapy, the patient exhibited important improvements in various clinical parameters, including cardiac and renal function. Nonetheless, further investigation is crucial to substantiate the additional benefits of combination therapy. These findings provide further evidence for the potential benefits of vericiguat when treating HFrEF.
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Tsai ML, Lin Y, Lin MS, Tsai TH, Yang NI, Wang CY, Hsieh IC, Hung MJ, Chen TH. Comparing angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitors with sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors for heart failure with diabetes mellitus. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2023; 15:110. [PMID: 37237322 PMCID: PMC10214563 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-023-01081-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Clinical comparisons of angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitors (ARNI) and sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) treatment in patients with HFrEF and T2DM are limited. This study evaluated the clinical outcomes and treatment benefits of SGLT2i versus ARNI treatment in patients with HFrEF and T2DM in a large real-world data set. METHODS We identified 1487 patients with HFrEF and T2DM who were undergoing ARNI or SGLT2i treatment for the first time (n = 647 and 840, respectively) between January 1, 2016, and December 31, 2021, and with clinical outcomes of CV death, hospitalization for heart failure (HHF), composite CV outcomes, or renal outcomes. RESULTS The HHF risk reduction conferred by SGLT2i treatment was more significant than that conferred by ARNI treatment (37.7% vs. 30.4%; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.06-1.41). SGLT2i use conferred significantly greater renal protection against the doubling of serum creatinine (13.1% vs. 9.3%; 95% CI 1.05-1.75), an estimated glomerular filtration rate decline of > 50% (24.9% vs. 20.0%; 95% CI 1.02-1.45), and progression to end-stage renal disease (3.1% vs. 1.5%; 95% CI 1.62-5.23). The improvements in echocardiographic parameters were comparable between the groups. CONCLUSIONS Compared with ARNI treatment, SGLT2i treatment was associated with a more significant HHF risk reduction and greater preservation of renal function in patients with HFrEF and T2DM. This study also supports the prioritization of SGLT2i use in these patients when patients' conditions or economic resources need to be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Lung Tsai
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, New Taipei Municipal TuCheng Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yuan Lin
- Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Shyan Lin
- Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Hsien Tsai
- Division of Cardiology and Department of Internal Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chiayi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Ning-I Yang
- Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Yung Wang
- Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - I-Chang Hsieh
- Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Jui Hung
- Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Tien-Hsing Chen
- Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan.
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9
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Sephien A, Ghobrial M, Reljic T, Prida X, Nerella N, Kumar A. Efficacy of SGLT2 inhibitors in patients with heart failure: An overview of systematic reviews. Int J Cardiol 2023; 377:79-85. [PMID: 36455697 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2022.11.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) have been shown to have benefit in patients with heart failure (HF). Multiple systematic reviews and meta-analyses (SRs and MAs) of randomized control trials (RCTs) comparing SGLT2i to placebo have been performed. However, there is uncertainty in the quality of the evidence and associated efficacy. We performed an overview of SRs and MAs of RCTs to summarize the evidence related to the efficacy of SGLT2i for the management of HF. METHODS AND RESULTS A comprehensive search of three databases (the Cochrane Library, EMBASE, and PubMed) was conducted until February 21, 2021. All SRs of RCTs evaluating the efficacy of SGLT2i in patients with HF were eligible for inclusion. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality. Methodological quality was evaluated using the AMSTAR-2 assessment tool. The overall quality of evidence was summarized using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation method. The initial search yielded 3431 references, of which, eight SRs and MAs met the inclusion criteria. The methodological quality ranged from critically low to high. The overall quality of evidence ranged from very low to moderate. Most of the SRs and MAs showed benefits in all-cause mortality, HF-related hospitalizations, and KCCQ score change. CONCLUSIONS SGLT2i are possibly beneficial in patients with HF, however, none of the SRs and MAs compared the efficacy between different types of SGLT2i. Furthermore, this paper emphasizes the need for consistent reproducible conduct and reporting of SRs to generate high-quality evidence and facilitate clinical decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Sephien
- Department of Internal Medicine, HCA Healthcare/USF Morsani GME Consortium: HCA Florida Citrus Hospital, Inverness, FL, USA.
| | - Mike Ghobrial
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Florida-Jacksonville, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Tea Reljic
- Research Methodology and Biostatistics Core, Office of Research, Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Xavier Prida
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Nishant Nerella
- Department of Internal Medicine, HCA Healthcare/USF Morsani GME Consortium: HCA Florida Citrus Hospital, Inverness, FL, USA; Citrus Cardiology, Inverness, FL, USA
| | - Ambuj Kumar
- Research Methodology and Biostatistics Core, Office of Research, Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
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Ji P, Zhang Z, Yan Q, Cao H, Zhao Y, Yang B, Li J. The cardiovascular effects of SGLT2 inhibitors, RAS inhibitors, and ARN inhibitors in heart failure. ESC Heart Fail 2023; 10:1314-1325. [PMID: 36722326 PMCID: PMC10053170 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.14298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS No studies have comprehensively compared the efficacy of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, renin-angiotensin system (RAS) inhibitors, and angiotensin receptor neprilysin (ARN) inhibitors based on different type of heart failure, including heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). The aim of this network meta-analysis was to evaluate the relative efficacy of SGLT2 inhibitor (SGLT2i), RAS inhibitor (RASi) and ARN inhibitor (ARNI) in different types of heart failure. METHODS A systemic literature search was performed from inception to 19 November 2022 for randomized control trials assessing the risk of cardiovascular (CV) death or hospitalization for heart failure (HHF) of these drugs in HF. A network meta-analysis was performed. Risk ratio (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were synthesized. RESULTS Seventeen studies were selected with a total of 61 489 patients. In patients with HFrEF, ARNI led to a reduced risk of a composite outcome of CV death or HHF when compared with placebo (RR = 0.83, 95% CI 0.77-0.89). Similar trends were observed when focusing on the outcome of CV death or HHF alone. In patients with HFpEF, SGLT2i showed the beneficial effects on the CV death or HHF events when compared with placebo and RASi (RR = 0.82, 95% CI 0.74-0.92; RR = 1.16, 95% CI 1.02-1.31). For CV death, all these three drugs could not show beneficial effects in HFpEF. For the incidence of HHF in HFpEF, both SGLT2i and ARNI demonstrated the beneficial effects but SGLT2i was superior to ARNI. There were no differences in the events of discontinuation under these drugs when compared with placebo or each other in either HFrEF or HFpEF patients. SGLT2i showed the least renal injury among these interventions in HFrEF and there were no differences in the incidence of renal injury of these interventions in HFpEF. CONCLUSIONS Among these drugs, ARNI showed the greatest ability to lower the incidence of CV death or HHF and SGLT2i exerted the least renal injury in patients with HFrEF. In patients with HFpEF, SGLT2i was associated with a reduction in the risk of CV death or HHF. There were no differences in the incidence of renal injury of these interventions in HFpEF. The intolerance of these drugs were comparable in both HFrEF and HFpEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng‐juan Ji
- Department of CardiologyShan Xi Medical University Second Hospital, Shan Xi Medical UniversityTai YuanShan XiChina
| | - Zhuo‐ya Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologySchool of Basic Medicine, Shan Xi Medical UniversityTai YuanShan XiChina
| | - Qi Yan
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismShan Xi Medical University Second Hospital, Shan Xi Medical UniversityTai YuanShan XiChina
| | - Hui‐li Cao
- Department of CardiologyShan Xi Medical University Second Hospital, Shan Xi Medical UniversityTai YuanShan XiChina
| | - Ya‐jing Zhao
- Department of CardiologyShan Xi Medical University Second Hospital, Shan Xi Medical UniversityTai YuanShan XiChina
| | - Bin Yang
- Department of CardiologyShan Xi Medical University Second Hospital, Shan Xi Medical UniversityTai YuanShan XiChina
| | - Jin Li
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismShan Xi Medical University Second Hospital, Shan Xi Medical UniversityTai YuanShan XiChina
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Castaldi B, Cuppini E, Fumanelli J, Di Candia A, Sabatino J, Sirico D, Vida V, Padalino M, Di Salvo G. Chronic Heart Failure in Children: State of the Art and New Perspectives. J Clin Med 2023; 12:2611. [PMID: 37048694 PMCID: PMC10095364 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12072611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Pediatric heart failure (HF) is an important clinical condition with high morbidity and mortality. Compared to adults, pediatric HF shows different etiologies characterized by different physiology, a different clinical course, and deeply different therapeutic approaches. In the last few years, new drugs have been developed and new therapeutic strategies have been proposed with the goal of identifying an individualized treatment regimen. The aim of this article is to review the new potential drugs and non-pharmacological therapies for pediatric heart failure in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biagio Castaldi
- Pediatric Cardiology Unit, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of Padua, 35122 Padova, Italy
| | - Elena Cuppini
- Pediatric Cardiology Unit, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of Padua, 35122 Padova, Italy
| | - Jennifer Fumanelli
- Pediatric Cardiology Unit, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of Padua, 35122 Padova, Italy
| | - Angela Di Candia
- Pediatric Cardiology Unit, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of Padua, 35122 Padova, Italy
- Pediatric Research Institute (IRP) Città della Speranza, University of Padua, 35122 Padova, Italy
| | - Jolanda Sabatino
- Pediatric Cardiology Unit, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of Padua, 35122 Padova, Italy
- Pediatric Research Institute (IRP) Città della Speranza, University of Padua, 35122 Padova, Italy
| | - Domenico Sirico
- Pediatric Cardiology Unit, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of Padua, 35122 Padova, Italy
| | - Vladimiro Vida
- Pediatric Cardiac Surgery Unit, Department of Cardio Thoracic Sciences, University of Padua, 35122 Padova, Italy
| | - Massimo Padalino
- Pediatric Research Institute (IRP) Città della Speranza, University of Padua, 35122 Padova, Italy
- Pediatric Cardiac Surgery Unit, Department of Cardio Thoracic Sciences, University of Padua, 35122 Padova, Italy
| | - Giovanni Di Salvo
- Pediatric Cardiology Unit, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of Padua, 35122 Padova, Italy
- Pediatric Research Institute (IRP) Città della Speranza, University of Padua, 35122 Padova, Italy
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12
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Escobar Cervantes C, Esteban Fernández A, Recio Mayoral A, Mirabet S, González Costello J, Rubio Gracia J, Núñez Villota J, González Franco Á, Bonilla Palomas JL. Identifying the patient with heart failure to be treated with vericiguat. Curr Med Res Opin 2023; 39:661-669. [PMID: 36897009 DOI: 10.1080/03007995.2023.2189857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
The pathophysiology of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) is a complex process in which a number of neurohormonal systems are involved. Targeting only some of these systems, but not all, translates into a partial benefit of HF treatment. The nitric oxide-soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC)-cGMP pathway is impaired in HF, leading to cardiac, vascular and renal disturbances. Vericiguat is a once-daily oral stimulator of sGC that restores this system. No other disease-modifying HF drugs act on this system. Despite guidelines recommendations, a substantial proportion of patients are not taking all recommended drugs or when taking them, they do so at low doses, limiting their potential benefits. In this context, treatment should be optimized considering different parameters, such as blood pressure, heart rate, renal function, or potassium, as they may interfere with their implementation at the recommended doses. The VICTORIA trial showed that adding vericiguat to standard therapy in patients with HFrEF significantly reduced the risk of cardiovascular death or HF hospitalization by 10% (NNT 24). Furthermore, vericiguat does not interfere with heart rate, renal function or potassium, making it particularly useful for improving the prognosis of patients with HFrEF in specific settings and clinical profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sonia Mirabet
- Cardiology Department, Hospital de Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José González Costello
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- BIOHEART-Cardiovascular Diseases Research Group, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain
- Ciber Cardiovascular (CIBERCV), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Rubio Gracia
- Internal Medicine Department, Hospital Clínico Univeristario Lozano Blesa, University of Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Julio Núñez Villota
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Universidad de Valencia, INCLIVA, CIBER Cardiovascular, Valencia, Spain
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13
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Banerjee M, Pal R, Nair K, Mukhopadhyay S. SGLT2 inhibitors and cardiovascular outcomes in heart failure with mildly reduced and preserved ejection fraction: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Indian Heart J 2023; 75:122-127. [PMID: 36914068 PMCID: PMC10123444 DOI: 10.1016/j.ihj.2023.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To provide a pooled effect of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) on cardiovascular outcomes in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF: ≥50%) or/and mildly reduced EF (HFmrEF: 41-49%) regardless of baseline diabetes. METHODS We systemically searched PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science databases and clinical trial registries using appropriate keywords till August 28, 2022, to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) or post-hoc analysis of RCTs, reporting cardiovascular death (CVD) and/or urgent visits/hospitalization for heart failure(HHF) in patients with HFmrEF/HFpEF receiving SGLTi vs. placebo. Hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for outcomes were pooled together using generic inverse variance method with fixed-effects model. RESULTS We identified six RCTs, pooling data retrieved from 15,769 patients with HFmrEF/HFpEF. Pooled analysis showed that compared to placebo, SGLT2i use was significantly associated with improved CVD/HHF outcomes in HFmrEF/HFpEF (pooled HR 0.80, 95% CI: 0.74, 0.86, p < 0.001, I2 = 0%). When separately analyzed, benefits of SGLT2i remained significant across HFpEF (N = 8891, HR 0.79, 95% CI: 0.71, 0.87, p < 0.001, I2 = 0%) and HFmrEF (N = 4555, HR 0.77, 95% CI: 0.67, 0.89, p < 0.001, I2 = 40%). Consistent benefits were observed also in HFmrEF/HFpEF subgroup without baseline diabetes (N = 6507, HR 0.80, 95% CI: 0.70, 0.91, p < 0.001, I2 = 0%). Sensitivity analysis including the DELIVER and EMPEROR-Preserved trials found a trend towards significant beneficial effects on CV deaths with no heterogeneity (HR 0.90, 95% CI: 0.79, 1.02, p = 0.08, I2 = 0%). CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis established the place of SGLT2i as a foundational therapy among patients with HF with preserved and mildly reduced EF regardless of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mainak Banerjee
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, 700020, India.
| | - Rimesh Pal
- Department of Endocrinology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Kirthana Nair
- Department of Endocrinology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Satinath Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, 700020, India.
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14
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Ma J, Guo S, Jiang H, Li B. Efficacy and safety of vericiguat in heart failure: a meta-analysis. J Int Med Res 2023; 51:3000605231159333. [PMID: 36896460 PMCID: PMC10009045 DOI: 10.1177/03000605231159333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the safety and efficacy of vericiguat in patients with heart failure (HF). METHODS We conducted a comprehensive literature review of the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases up to 14 December 2022 for studies comparing vericiguat with placebo in patients with HF. Clinical data were extracted and cardiovascular deaths, adverse effects, and HF-related hospitalization were analyzed using Review Manager software (version 5.3), after quality assessment of the enrolled studies. RESULTS Four studies (6705 patients) were included in this meta-analysis. There were no significant differences in the basic characteristics of the included studies. There was no significant difference in adverse effects between the vericiguat group and placebo group, and no significant differences between the groups in terms of cardiovascular death and HF hospitalization. CONCLUSION This meta-analysis indicated that vericiguat was not an effective drug for HF; however, more clinical trials are required to verify its efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Ma
- Chongqing Rongchang District People's Hospital, Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Sheng Guo
- Chongqing Rongchang District People's Hospital, Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Huan Jiang
- Chongqing Rongchang District People's Hospital, Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Bo Li
- Chongqing Rongchang District People's Hospital, Chongqing, Chongqing, China
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15
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Huang Y, Fang C, Zhang Y, Ma L, Zhou H, Ye H. Effectiveness and safety of angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors for patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: a meta-analysis. J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown) 2023; 24:123-131. [PMID: 36583980 DOI: 10.2459/jcm.0000000000001426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The current review aimed to study the effectiveness and safety of angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor (ARNI) combined with sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors versus ARNI or SGLT2 inhibitors monotherapy in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). Studies containing patients with HFrEF who used ARNI combined with SGLT2 inhibitors versus ARNI or SGLT2 inhibitors alone were retrieved from the Medline, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases. From the selected studies, the pooled risk ratios with 95% confidence intervals of dichotomous outcomes were assessed by a random or fixed effects model in our meta-analysis. Compared with ARNI monotherapy, the reduction in ARNI combined with SGLT2 inhibitors in a composite of the first hospitalization for heart failure or cardiovascular death was 32%, hospitalization for heart failure was 35% and cardiovascular death was 35%; also all-cause death was 30%, worsening renal function was 35%, respectively, for patients with HFrEF. In addition, compared with SGLT2 inhibitors monotherapy, the reduction in ARNI combined with SGLT2 inhibitors in cardiovascular death was 36% and all-cause death was 28%, respectively, for patients with HFrEF. Although the estimated treatment effect is a 55% increase in volume depletion, overall, ARNI combined with SGLT2 inhibitors might be effective and safe for patients with HFrEF, and volume depletion should be given more attention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Honghua Ye
- Cardiology, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo, China
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16
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Kaplinsky E, Perrone S, Barbagelata A. Emerging concepts in heart failure management and treatment: focus on vericiguat. Drugs Context 2023; 12:dic-2022-5-5. [PMID: 36660012 PMCID: PMC9828868 DOI: 10.7573/dic.2022-5-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The nitric oxide (NO)-soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC)-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) pathway is dysregulated in patients with heart failure (HF) resulting in myocardial and vascular dysfunction that contributes to its progression. Vericiguat is a novel direct sGC stimulator that targets in at least two ways the NO-sGC-cGMP pathway with the subsequent restoration of cGMP activity. The VICTORIA trial assessed the effects of vericiguat (versus placebo) in 5050 patients with chronic HF (NYHA class II-IV), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) <45%, elevated natriuretic peptide levels and a recent HF decompensation (hospitalized or outpatient intravenous diuretics). After a median follow-up of 10.8 months, a lower risk (10% reduction) of the primary combined outcome (cardiovascular death or HF hospitalization) was achieved (HR 0.90, 95% CI 0.83-0.98; p=0.02). The composite endpoint was driven by HF hospitalizations (HR 0.9, 95% CI 0.81-1.00; p=0.048) whilst CV death reduction was not statistically significant on its own. The target dose was achieved in 89% of patients treated with vericiguat, and no significant differences were observed in the rates of syncope or hypotension. The VICTORIA trial showed that vericiguat was safe, well tolerated and without need of laboratory testing. The aim of this review is to provide comprehensive information about vericiguat in terms of its differential mechanism of action and clinical data particularly focused on the VICTORIA trial. A comparison is also made with DAPA-HF and EMPEROR-Reduced considering that, in all these contemporary trials, a new study medication was added to the standard triple HF therapy. This is a relevant issue because the VICTORIA trial had a significant but less powerful effect than DAPA-HF and EMPEROR-Reduced on HF outcomes in a setting of more severe disease, higher event rate and shorter follow-up. In addition, relevant data on other previous studies are also provided in both HF with reduced LVEF (SOCRATES-Reduced) and HF with preserved LVEF (SOCRATES-Preserved and VITALITY-Preserved). This article is part of the Emerging concepts in heart failure management and treatment Special Issue: https://www.drugsincontext.com/special_issues/emerging-concepts-in-heart-failure-management-and-treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgardo Kaplinsky
- Cardiology Unit, Medicine Department, Hospital Municipal de Badalona, Spain
| | - Sergio Perrone
- Catholic University Argentina/Fleni Institute, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alejandro Barbagelata
- Catholic University Argentina/Fleni Institute, Buenos Aires, Argentina,Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
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17
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Frampton JE. Empagliflozin: A Review in Symptomatic Chronic Heart Failure. Drugs 2022; 82:1591-1602. [DOI: 10.1007/s40265-022-01778-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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18
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The Molecular Mechanisms of Defective Copper Metabolism in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:5418376. [PMID: 36238639 PMCID: PMC9553361 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5418376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Copper is an essential trace metal element that significantly affects human physiology and pathology by regulating various important biological processes, including mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, connective tissue crosslinking, and antioxidant defense. Copper level has been proved to be closely related to the morbidity and mortality of cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis, heart failure, and diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). Copper deficiency can induce cardiac hypertrophy and aggravate cardiomyopathy, while copper excess can mediate various types of cell death, such as autophagy, apoptosis, cuproptosis, pyroptosis, and cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis. Both copper excess and copper deficiency lead to redox imbalance, activate inflammatory response, and aggravate diabetic cardiomyopathy. This defective copper metabolism suggests a specific metabolic pattern of copper in diabetes and a specific role in the pathogenesis and progression of DCM. This review is aimed at providing a timely summary of the effects of defective copper homeostasis on DCM and discussing potential underlying molecular mechanisms.
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Vericiguat in Heart Failure: Characteristics, Scientific Evidence and Potential Clinical Applications. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10102471. [PMID: 36289733 PMCID: PMC9598881 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10102471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite recent advances in heart failure (HF) management, the risk of death and hospitalizations remains high in the long term. HF is characterized by endothelial dysfunction, inflammation and increased oxidative stress, due to a reduction in the activity of the nitric oxide (NO)-soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC)-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) signaling pathway. All these factors contribute to direct damage at the myocardial, vascular and renal level. Vericiguat restores the deficiency in this signaling pathway, through stimulation and activation of sGC, aiming to increase cGMP levels, with a reduction in HF-related oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction. Two main clinical trials were developed in this setting: the SOCRATES-REDUCED phase II study and the VICTORIA phase III study. They found that vericiguat is safe, well tolerated and effective with an absolute event-rate reduction in patients affected by HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and recent cardiac decompensation. In patients with HF with preserved ejection fraction (HfpEF), the SOCRATES-PRESERVED trial demonstrated an improvement in quality of life and health status, but the proven beneficial effects with vericiguat are still limited. Further studies are needed to correctly define the role of this drug in heart failure syndromes. Our paper reviews the potential applications and pharmacological characteristics of vericiguat in HFrEF and HFpEF.
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20
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Scheen AJ. Counteracting heart failure with diabetes drugs: a review into the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2022; 18:381-393. [PMID: 35876091 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2022.2105693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION : Heart failure (HF) is becoming a huge public health burden. New diabetes drugs for type 2 diabetes (T2D), sodium-glucose cotransporter type 2 inhibitors (SGLT2is), reduce the rate of hospitalization for HF in placebo-controlled trials. AREAS COVERED : Pharmacokinetics of dapagliflozin and empagliflozin (in presence of renal impairment and hepatic dysfunction, two comorbidities frequently associated with HF) and pharmacodynamic studies in patients with HF. Main HF outcomes in T2D patients with cardiovascular risk and in patients with reduced (HFrEF) or preserved (HFpEF) ejection fraction, with or without T2D, from DAPA-HF, EMPEROR-Reduced and EMPEROR-Preserved original findings and post hoc analyses. EXPERT OPINION : No clinically relevant changes are expected concerning SGLT2i pharmacokinetics in patients with HF while pharmacodynamic studies reported improvements in myocardium/vascular parameters, biomarkers and functional status. All SGLT2is showed a remarkable reduction in hospitalization for HF in patients with T2D and high cardiovascular risk. Furthermore, both dapagliflozin and empagliflozin improved the prognosis of patients with HFrEF, independently of the presence of T2D. Similar results were reported with empagliflozin in patients with HFpEF, to be confirmed with dapagliflozin in an ongoing trial (DELIVER). Thus, SGLT2is offer a new opportunity for the prevention and management of HF in patients with or without T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- André J Scheen
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.,Division of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Disorders, Department of Medicine, CHU Liège, Liège, Belgium
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22
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Kang C, Lamb YN. Vericiguat: A Review in Chronic Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction. Am J Cardiovasc Drugs 2022; 22:451-459. [PMID: 35624347 DOI: 10.1007/s40256-022-00538-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Vericiguat (Verquvo®) is the first oral soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) stimulator to be approved for the treatment of adults with symptomatic, chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). In the phase III VICTORIA trial, vericiguat added to standard of care (SOC) was associated with a significantly lower risk of the primary composite endpoint of death from cardiovascular (CV) causes or first hospitalization from heart failure (HHF) than placebo added to SOC in adults with chronic HFrEF. The risk of all-cause mortality or first HHF (secondary composite endpoint) and the total number of HHF were also statistically significantly reduced by vericiguat therapy. Vericiguat showed no benefit with respect to the primary endpoint in a subgroup of patients with grossly elevated N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide levels. Vericiguat was generally well tolerated; the most common treatment-related adverse event (AE) was hypotension. AEs of special interest included symptomatic hypotension and syncope, which occurred with low incidences that were similar between treatment groups. Thus, vericiguat is an effective and generally well-tolerated treatment option in patients with symptomatic, chronic HFrEF who have experienced a recent worsening event, expanding the options currently available for chronic HFrEF management.
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23
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Yuan Y, Xia F, Gao R, Chen Y, Zhang Y, Cheng Z, Zhao H, Xu L. Kaempferol Mediated AMPK/mTOR Signal Pathway Has a Protective Effect on Cerebral Ischemic-Reperfusion Injury in Rats by Inducing Autophagy. Neurochem Res 2022; 47:2187-2197. [PMID: 35524892 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03604-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) caused by ischemic stroke treatments leads to brain injury and its pathological mechanism is related to autophagy. The underlying mechanism of kaempferol on cerebral I/R injury needs to be explored. To establish I/R injury, we used a middle cerebral artery occlusion-reperfusion (MCAO) model in rats. MCAO rats were treated with the same amount of saline (I/R group); Treatment group rats were treated orally with kaempferol (50, 100, 200 mg/kg) for 7 days before surgery. After reperfusion for 24 h, the scores of neurological deficits and infarct volume in each group were evaluated. LC3, Beclin-1 p62, AMPK and mTOR protein expression levels were examined by TTC staining, immunofluorescence staining, qRT-PCR and western blotting assay. H&E and TTC staining showed that compared with model group, the infarction size of rats in kaempferol group was markedly reduced. Meanwhile, the results showed that kaempferol had a dose-dependent nerve function repairability. Nissl and TUNEL staining showed that kaempferol could reduce neuronal apoptosis and ameliorate neuronal impairment after I/R. Western blotting and qRT-PCR results showed that kaempferol could protect the brain from ischemia reperfusion by activating autophagy. In addition, add AMPK inhibitor, western blotting and immumohistochemical staining showed that kaempferol mediated AMPK/mTOR signal pathway in MCAO rats. Kaempferol could mediate the AMPK signal pathway to regulate autophagy and inhibit apoptosis to protect brain against I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajing Yuan
- Department of Anesthesia, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Xia
- Department of Anesthesia, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Gao
- Department of Pathology, Gansu Medical College, Lanzhou, 730050, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Anesthesia, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongping Cheng
- Department of Anesthesia, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongwei Zhao
- Department of Anesthesia, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, People's Republic of China
| | - Liming Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, People's Republic of China.
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, HuanhuXi Road, TiYuanBei, He Xi District, Tianjin, 300060, China.
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24
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Rosano GMC, Celant S, Olimpieri PP, Colatrella A, Onder G, Di Lenarda A, Ambrosio G, Reboldi G, Gensini GF, Colivicchi F, Russo P. Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on prescription of sacubitril/valsartan in Italy. Eur J Heart Fail 2022; 24:855-860. [PMID: 35303393 PMCID: PMC9087379 DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.2490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS The present study sought to examine the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown measures on the prescription of sacubitril/valsartan in patients with heart failure (HF) in Italy. METHODS AND RESULTS Data from Italian Medicines Agency (AIFA) monitoring registries were analysed. The sacubitril/valsartan monitoring registry is based on 6-month prescriptions. A monthly aggregation on new activations throughout the observational period was computed. From March to December 2020, the initiation of new HF patients on sacubitril/valsartan decreased by nearly 40% with prescriptions dropping to values similar to 2018 when the registry was still operated off-line. A slight increase in prescriptions was observed after the lockdown measures were lifted, but prescriptions remained constantly below the pre-lockdown period. CONCLUSION A marked and worrisome decline during the COVID-19 pandemic in the activation of a life-saving treatment such as sacubitril/valsartan was observed. This decline was clearly linked to the lockdown measures instated to counteract the COVID-19 pandemic. Upcoming studies should analyse the occurrence of new cases of HF as well as the severity of patients admitted to hospitals and their mortality compared to pre-pandemic levels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Graziano Onder
- Department of Cardiovascular, Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Di Lenarda
- Cardiovascular Center, University Hospital and Health Services of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ambrosio
- Division of Cardiology and CERICLET-Centro Ricerca Clinica e Traslazionale, University of Perugia School of Medicine, Perugia, Italy
| | - Gianpaolo Reboldi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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25
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Plin5, a New Target in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:2122856. [PMID: 35509833 PMCID: PMC9060988 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2122856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Abnormal lipid accumulation is commonly observed in diabetic cardiomyopathy (DC), which can create a lipotoxic microenvironment and damage cardiomyocytes. Lipid toxicity is an important pathogenic factor due to abnormal lipid accumulation in DC. As a lipid droplet (LD) decomposition barrier, Plin5 can protect LDs from lipase decomposition and regulate lipid metabolism, which is involved in the occurrence and development of cardiovascular diseases. In recent years, studies have shown that Plin5 expression is involved in the pathogenesis of DC lipid toxicity, such as oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and insulin resistance (IR) and has become a key target of DC research. Therefore, understanding the relationship between Plin5 and DC progression as well as the mechanism of this process is crucial for developing new therapeutic approaches and exploring new therapeutic targets. This review is aimed at exploring the latest findings and roles of Plin5 in lipid metabolism and DC-related pathogenesis, to explore possible clinical intervention approaches.
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26
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González-Juanatey J, Anguita-Sánchez M, Bayes-Genís A, Comín-Colet J, García-Quintana A, Recio-Mayoral A, Zamorano-Gómez J, Cepeda-Rodrigo J, Manzano L. Vericiguat in heart failure: From scientific evidence to clinical practice. Rev Clin Esp 2022; 222:359-369. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rceng.2021.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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27
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Stawiarski K, Ramakrishna H. Guideline Directed Medical Management of Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction: Improved Outcomes with Quadruple Therapy. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2022; 36:1820-1822. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2022.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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28
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Tromp J, Ouwerkerk W, van Veldhuisen DJ, Hillege HL, Richards AM, van der Meer P, Anand IS, Lam CSP, Voors AA. A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis of Pharmacological Treatment of Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction. JACC. HEART FAILURE 2022; 10:73-84. [PMID: 34895860 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchf.2021.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study sought to estimate and compare the aggregate treatment benefit of pharmacological therapy for heart failure (HF) with reduced ejection fraction. BACKGROUND The estimated treatment effects of various combinations of contemporary HF medical therapies are not well characterized. METHODS We performed a systematic network meta-analysis, using MEDLINE/EMBASE and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials for randomized controlled trials published between January 1987 and January 2020. We included angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, beta-blockers (BB), mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs), digoxin, hydralazine-isosorbide dinitrate, ivabradine, angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitors (ARNi), sodium glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i), vericiguat, and omecamtiv-mecarbil. The primary outcome was all-cause death. We estimated the life-years gained in 2 HF populations (BIOSTAT-CHF [BIOlogy Study to TAilored Treatment in Chronic Heart Failure] and ASIAN-HF [Asian Sudden Cardiac Death in Heart Failure Registry]). RESULTS We identified 75 relevant trials representing 95,444 participants. A combination of ARNi, BB, MRA, and SGLT2i was most effective in reducing all-cause death (HR: 0.39; 95% CI: 0.31-0.49); followed by ARNi, BB, MRA, and vericiguat (HR: 0.41; 95% CI: 0.32-0.53); and ARNi, BB, and MRA (HR: 0.44; 95% CI: 0.36-0.54). Results were similar for the composite outcome of cardiovascular death or first hospitalization for HF (HR: 0.36; 95% CI: 0.29-0.46 for ARNi, BB, MRA, and SGLT2i; HR: 0.44; 95% CI: 0.35-0.56 for ARNi, BB, MRA, and omecamtiv-mecarbil; and HR: 0.43; 95% CI: 0.34-0.55 for ARNi, BB, MRA, and vericiguat). The estimated additional number of life-years gained for a 70-year-old patient on ARNi, BB, MRA, and SGLT2i was 5.0 years (2.5-7.5 years) compared with no treatment in secondary analyses. CONCLUSIONS In patients with HF with reduced ejection fraction, the estimated aggregate benefit is greatest for a combination of ARNi, BB, MRA, and SGLT2i.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasper Tromp
- University Medical Centre Groningen, Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, the Netherlands; Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health and National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore; Duke-NUS Medical School Singapore, Singapore. https://twitter.com/drjasper01
| | - Wouter Ouwerkerk
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health and National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore; Department of Dermatology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Dirk J van Veldhuisen
- University Medical Centre Groningen, Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Hans L Hillege
- University Medical Centre Groningen, Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - A Mark Richards
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yong Loo-Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; National University Heart Centre, Singapore; Christchurch Heart Institute, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Peter van der Meer
- University Medical Centre Groningen, Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Inder S Anand
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Carolyn S P Lam
- University Medical Centre Groningen, Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, the Netherlands; Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health and National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore; Duke-NUS Medical School Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Adriaan A Voors
- University Medical Centre Groningen, Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, the Netherlands.
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29
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Teo YN, Teo YH, Syn NL, Yoong CSY, Cheong AJY, Wee CF, Lim YC, Lee CH, Yeo TC, Chai P, Wong RCC, Lin W, Sia CH. Comparing Sacubitril/Valsartan Against Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors in Heart Failure: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis. Clin Drug Investig 2021; 42:1-16. [PMID: 34797518 DOI: 10.1007/s40261-021-01098-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE In recent trials, sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors proved effective as treatment for heart failure. However, the relative efficacy of sacubitril/valsartan against SGLT2 inhibitor in patients with heart failure remains unknown. Hence, we performed a network meta-analysis to compare the effects of sacubitril/valsartan against SGLT2 inhibitors on cardiovascular outcomes in patients with heart failure. METHODS Four electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, SCOPUS) were searched for randomised-controlled trials (RCTs) published from 1st January 2000 to 25th September 2021. Two additional systematic reviews were conducted for RCTs of enalapril and valsartan to establish a common comparator arm. Frequentist network meta-analysis models were utilised to summarise the studies. RESULTS Twenty-five RCTs were included, comprising a combined cohort of 47,275 patients. Network meta-analysis demonstrated that compared to SGLT2 inhibitors, sacubitril/valsartan achieved a larger hazard rate reduction in the composite of heart failure hospitalisation and cardiovascular death (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.86; 95% CI 0.75-0.98), cardiovascular death (HR: 0.78; 95% CI 0.65-0.94), and a larger mean change in systolic blood pressure at 8 or more months (weighted mean difference [WMD]: - 7.08 mmHg; 95% CI - 8.28 to - 5.89). There were no significant differences in treatment effects across heart failure hospitalisation, all-cause mortality, diastolic blood pressure at 12 weeks, and systolic blood pressure at 2-4 months. In patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, sacubitril/valsartan achieved a 20% hazard rate reduction for cardiovascular death compared to SGLT2 inhibitors. CONCLUSIONS In patients with heart failure, sacubitril/valsartan was demonstrated to be superior to SGLT2 inhibitors in the treatment effect for the composite of heart failure hospitalisation and cardiovascular death, cardiovascular death, and long-term blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Neng Teo
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yao Hao Teo
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nicholas L Syn
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Celine Shuen Yin Yoong
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Alex Jia Yang Cheong
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Caitlin Fern Wee
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yoke-Ching Lim
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Cardiology, National University Heart Centre Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block Level 9, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
| | - Chi-Hang Lee
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Cardiology, National University Heart Centre Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block Level 9, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
| | - Tiong-Cheng Yeo
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Cardiology, National University Heart Centre Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block Level 9, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
| | - Ping Chai
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Cardiology, National University Heart Centre Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block Level 9, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
| | - Raymond C C Wong
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Cardiology, National University Heart Centre Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block Level 9, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
| | - Weiqin Lin
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Cardiology, National University Heart Centre Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block Level 9, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
| | - Ching-Hui Sia
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore. .,Department of Cardiology, National University Heart Centre Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block Level 9, Singapore, 119228, Singapore.
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30
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Blair HA. Dapagliflozin: A Review in Symptomatic Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction. Am J Cardiovasc Drugs 2021; 21:701-710. [PMID: 34651263 PMCID: PMC8639555 DOI: 10.1007/s40256-021-00503-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Dapagliflozin [Farxiga® (USA); Forxiga® (EU)], a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor, was recently approved in the USA and the EU for the treatment of adults with symptomatic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). The cardiovascular (CV) benefits of dapagliflozin were first observed in the DECLARE-TIMI 58 trial, in which dapagliflozin 10 mg/day significantly reduced the risk of CV death or hospitalization for HF in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) who had or were at risk for atherosclerotic CV disease. In the subsequent DAPA-HF trial, dapagliflozin 10 mg/day in addition to standard of care was associated with a significantly lower risk of worsening HF or CV death than placebo in patients with HFrEF, regardless of the presence or absence of T2DM. The benefits of dapagliflozin also remained consistent regardless of background HF therapies. Dapagliflozin was generally well tolerated, with an overall safety profile consistent with its known safety profile in other indications. In conclusion, dapagliflozin is an effective and generally well-tolerated treatment that represents a valuable new addition to the options available for symptomatic HFrEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah A Blair
- Springer Nature, Private Bag 65901, Mairangi Bay, Auckland, 0754, New Zealand.
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31
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Yu J, Zhao H, Qi X, Wei L, Li Z, Li C, Zhang X, Wu H. Dapagliflozin Mediates Plin5/PPARα Signaling Axis to Attenuate Cardiac Hypertrophy. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:730623. [PMID: 34630108 PMCID: PMC8495133 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.730623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of dapagliflozin (DAPA), a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor, on relieving cardiac hypertrophy and its potential molecular mechanism. Methods: Cardiac hypertrophy induced by abdominal aortic constriction (AAC) in mice, dapagliflozin were administered in the drinking water at a dose of 25 mg/kg/d for 12 weeks was observed. Echocardiography was used to detect the changes of cardiac function, including LVEF, LVFS, LVEDd, LVEDs, HR and LV mass. Histological morphological changes were evaluated by Masson trichrome staining and wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) staining. The enrichment of differential genes and signal pathways after treatment was analyzed by gene microarray cardiomyocyte hypertrophy was induced by AngII (2 μM) and the protective effect of dapagliflozin (1 μM) was observed in vitro. The morphological changes of myocardial cells were detected by cTnI immunofluorescence staining. ELISA and qRT-PCR assays were performed to detect the expressions levels of cardiac hypertrophy related molecules. Results: After 12 weeks of treatment, DAPA significantly ameliorated cardiac function and inhibited cardiac hypertrophy in AAC-induced mice. In vitro, DAPA significantly inhibited abnormal hypertrophy in AngII-induced cardiacmyocytes. Both in vivo and in vitro experiments have confirmed that DAPA could mediate the Plin5/PPARα signaling axis to play a protective role in inhibiting cardiac hypertrophy. Conclusion: Dapagliflozin activated the Plin5/PPARα signaling axis and exerts a protective effect against cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Huanhuan Zhao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin Qi
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Nankai University Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Nankai University School of Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Liping Wei
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Nankai University Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Nankai University School of Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Zihao Li
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Chunpeng Li
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoying Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Nankai University Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Nankai University School of Medicine, Tianjin, China
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32
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Sandner P, Follmann M, Becker-Pelster E, Hahn MG, Meier C, Freitas C, Roessig L, Stasch JP. Soluble GC stimulators and activators: Past, present and future. Br J Pharmacol 2021. [PMID: 34600441 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of soluble GC (sGC) stimulators and sGC activators provided valuable tools to elucidate NO-sGC signalling and opened novel pharmacological opportunities for cardiovascular indications and beyond. The first-in-class sGC stimulator riociguat was approved for pulmonary hypertension in 2013 and vericiguat very recently for heart failure. sGC stimulators enhance sGC activity independent of NO and also act synergistically with endogenous NO. The sGC activators specifically bind to, and activate, the oxidised haem-free form of sGC. Substantial research efforts improved on the first-generation sGC activators such as cinaciguat, culminating in the discovery of runcaciguat, currently in clinical Phase II trials for chronic kidney disease and diabetic retinopathy. Here, we highlight the discovery and development of sGC stimulators and sGC activators, their unique modes of action, their preclinical characteristics and the clinical studies. In the future, we expect to see more sGC agonists in new indications, reflecting their unique therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Sandner
- Pharmaceuticals Research & Development, Bayer AG, Wuppertal, Germany
- Institute of Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Markus Follmann
- Pharmaceuticals Research & Development, Bayer AG, Wuppertal, Germany
| | | | - Michael G Hahn
- Pharmaceuticals Research & Development, Bayer AG, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Christian Meier
- Pharmaceuticals Medical Affairs and Pharmacovigilance, Bayer AG, Berlin, Germany
| | - Cecilia Freitas
- Pharmaceuticals Research & Development, Bayer AG, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Lothar Roessig
- Pharmaceuticals Research & Development, Bayer AG, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Johannes-Peter Stasch
- Pharmaceuticals Research & Development, Bayer AG, Wuppertal, Germany
- Institute of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
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33
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Lombardi CM, Cimino G, Pagnesi M, Dell'Aquila A, Tomasoni D, Ravera A, Inciardi R, Carubelli V, Vizzardi E, Nodari S, Emdin M, Aimo A. Vericiguat for Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction. Curr Cardiol Rep 2021; 23:144. [PMID: 34410527 PMCID: PMC8376697 DOI: 10.1007/s11886-021-01580-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Purpose of Review The nitric oxide (NO)-soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC)-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) pathway plays an important role in the regulation of cardiovascular function, and it is disrupted in heart failure (HF), resulting in decreased protection against myocardial injury. Impaired NO-sGC-cGMP signaling in HF is secondary to reduced NO bioavailability and altered redox state of sGC, which becomes less responsive to NO. The sGC activator cinaciguat increases cGMP levels by direct NO-independent activation of sGC and may be particularly effective in conditions of increased oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction, and therefore reduced NO levels, at the expense of a greater risk of hypotension. Conversely, sGC stimulators (riociguat and vericiguat) enhance sGC sensitivity to endogenous NO, thus exerting a more physiological action. Recent Findings Clinical trials have suggested the benefit of vericiguat in patients with high-risk HF; in particular, a lower incidence of death from cardiovascular causes or HF hospitalization. Summary Adding vericiguat may be considered in individual patients with HF, and reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (HFrEF) particularly those at higher risk of HF hospitalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Mario Lombardi
- Cardiology; ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia and Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, P.zza Spedali Civili 1, 25123, Brescia, Italy.
| | - Giuliana Cimino
- Cardiology; ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia and Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, P.zza Spedali Civili 1, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Matteo Pagnesi
- Cardiology; ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia and Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, P.zza Spedali Civili 1, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Andrea Dell'Aquila
- Cardiology; ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia and Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, P.zza Spedali Civili 1, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Daniela Tomasoni
- Cardiology; ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia and Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, P.zza Spedali Civili 1, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Alice Ravera
- Cardiology; ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia and Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, P.zza Spedali Civili 1, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Riccardo Inciardi
- Cardiology; ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia and Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, P.zza Spedali Civili 1, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Valentina Carubelli
- Cardiology; ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia and Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, P.zza Spedali Civili 1, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Enrico Vizzardi
- Cardiology; ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia and Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, P.zza Spedali Civili 1, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Savina Nodari
- Cardiology; ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia and Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, P.zza Spedali Civili 1, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Michele Emdin
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Piazza Martiri della Libertà 33, 56124, Pisa, Italy.,Cardiology Division, University Hospital of Pisa, Piazza Martiri della Libertà 33, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alberto Aimo
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Piazza Martiri della Libertà 33, 56124, Pisa, Italy.,Cardiology Department, Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, Pisa, Italy
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34
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Aimo A, Castiglione V, Vergaro G, Panichella G, Senni M, Lombardi CM, Emdin M. The place of vericiguat in the landscape of treatment for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. Heart Fail Rev 2021; 27:1165-1171. [PMID: 34291399 PMCID: PMC9197896 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-021-10146-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The significant morbidity and mortality associated with heart failure with reduced (HFrEF) or preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) justify the search for novel therapeutic agents. The nitric oxide (NO)–soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC)-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) pathway plays an important role in the regulation of cardiovascular function. This pathway is disrupted in HF resulting in decreased protection against myocardial injury. The sGC activator cinaciguat increases cGMP levels by direct, NO-independent activation of sGC, and may be particularly effective in conditions of increased oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction, and then reduced NO levels, but this comes at the expense of a greater risk of hypotension. Conversely, sGC stimulators (riociguat and vericiguat) enhance sGC sensitivity to endogenous NO, and then exert a more physiological action. The phase 3 VICTORIA trial found that vericiguat is safe and effective in patients with HFrEF and recent HF decompensation. Therefore, adding vericiguat may be considered in individual patients with HFrEF, particularly those at higher risk of HF hospitalization; the efficacy of the sacubitril/valsartan-vericiguat combination in HFrEF is currently unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Aimo
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Piazza Martiri della Libertà 33, Pisa, Italy. .,Cardiology Division, Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, Piazza Martiri della Libertà 33, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Vincenzo Castiglione
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Piazza Martiri della Libertà 33, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Vergaro
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Piazza Martiri della Libertà 33, Pisa, Italy.,Cardiology Division, Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, Piazza Martiri della Libertà 33, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giorgia Panichella
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Piazza Martiri della Libertà 33, Pisa, Italy
| | - Michele Senni
- Cardiovascular Department & Cardiology Unit, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Carlo Mario Lombardi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health University and Civil Hospital, Brescia, Italy
| | - Michele Emdin
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Piazza Martiri della Libertà 33, Pisa, Italy.,Cardiology Division, Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, Piazza Martiri della Libertà 33, Pisa, Italy
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Teo YH, Yoong CSY, Syn NL, Teo YN, Cheong JYA, Lim YC, Lee CH, Yeo TC, Chai P, Wong RCC, Lin W, Sia CH. Comparing the clinical outcomes across different sodium/glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors in heart failure patients: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2021; 77:1453-1464. [PMID: 33942132 DOI: 10.1007/s00228-021-03147-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Empagliflozin, dapagliflozin, canagliflozin, and ertugliflozin have been shown in randomized controlled trials to improve cardiovascular, metabolic, and renal outcomes in heart failure patients. To date, there has not been any meta-analysis examining the differences in clinical outcomes across different SGLT2 inhibitors in heart failure patients. METHODS Four electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, SCOPUS) were searched on 13 September 2020 for articles published from 1 January 2000 to 13 September 2020 examining the effect of SGLT2 inhibitors on cardiovascular, renal, and metabolic outcomes in heart failure patients. Frequentist network meta-analysis was performed on extracted data. RESULTS Ten randomized controlled trials were included with a combined cohort of 15,373 patients. In heart failure patients, frequentist network meta-analysis demonstrated no demonstrable difference in treatment effect across the SGLT2 inhibitors for heart failure hospitalization, cardiovascular deaths, composite of cardiovascular deaths and heart failure hospitalizations, all-cause mortality, and a composite of cardiovascular deaths and non-fatal myocardial infarction and non-fatal stroke. There was no demonstrable difference in treatment effect for worsening renal function or the weighted mean difference for weight, hemoglobin A1c, and systolic blood pressure. CONCLUSIONS There were no demonstrable treatment differences across SGLT2 inhibitors across cardiovascular, renal, and metabolic outcomes, although this needs to be interpreted considering the wide confidence intervals, limited number of included studies, and heterogeneity present. Future research of different SGLT2 inhibitors in head-to-head studies is warranted to determine if there is a drug class effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Hao Teo
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Celine Shuen Yin Yoong
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nicholas L Syn
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yao Neng Teo
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jia Yang Alex Cheong
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yoke-Ching Lim
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Cardiology, National University Heart Centre Singapore, NUHS Tower Block Level 9, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
| | - Chi-Hang Lee
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Cardiology, National University Heart Centre Singapore, NUHS Tower Block Level 9, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
| | - Tiong-Cheng Yeo
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Cardiology, National University Heart Centre Singapore, NUHS Tower Block Level 9, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
| | - Ping Chai
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Cardiology, National University Heart Centre Singapore, NUHS Tower Block Level 9, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
| | - Raymond C C Wong
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Cardiology, National University Heart Centre Singapore, NUHS Tower Block Level 9, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
| | - Weiqin Lin
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Cardiology, National University Heart Centre Singapore, NUHS Tower Block Level 9, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
| | - Ching-Hui Sia
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Department of Cardiology, National University Heart Centre Singapore, NUHS Tower Block Level 9, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119228, Singapore.
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Combining sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors and angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitors in heart failure patients with reduced ejection fraction and diabetes mellitus: A multi-institutional study. Int J Cardiol 2021; 330:91-97. [PMID: 33587940 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2021.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies investigated the combination of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) and angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitors (ARNIs) in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS During 2016 to 2018, patients with HFrEF and T2DM were identified from Chang Gung Research Database; a database deriving from the original electronic medical records of 7 hospitals in Taiwan. They were classified into four subgroups according to the medications received as follows: 1) SGLT2i and ARNI; 2) SGLT2i and no ARNI; 3) ARNI and no SGLT2i; and 4) no SGLT2i and no ARNI. We examined clinical and safety (hyperkalemia and acute renal dysfunction) outcomes over 1-year of follow-up. RESULTS A total of 2312 patients were eligible for analysis, including 169, 285, 338, and 1520 in subgroups 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively. There were large differences in baseline characteristics and treatments among subgroups. Subgroup 1 had the lowest rates of HF hospitalizations, all-cause death, and the composite of both, and subgroup 4 had the highest event rates. A similar pattern was observed for the safety outcomes. These differences were attenuated after adjusting for differences in baseline variables and therapy. CONCLUSIONS Treatment with a combination of SGLT2i and ARNI was well tolerated in diabetic patients with HFrEF and was associated with lower risk of heart failure hospitalization.
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Vo NM, Bax JJ, Delgado V. Future of transcatheter mitral valve interventions for secondary mitral regurgitation. Trends Cardiovasc Med 2020; 31:495-496. [PMID: 33188901 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcm.2020.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N Mai Vo
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Jeroen J Bax
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Victoria Delgado
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
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