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Murry VM, Nyanamba JM, Hanebutt R, Debreaux M, Gastineau KAB, Goodwin AKB, Narisetti L. Critical examination of resilience and resistance in African American families: Adaptive capacities to navigate toxic oppressive upstream waters. Dev Psychopathol 2023; 35:2113-2131. [PMID: 37665095 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579423001037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
African American families navigate not only everyday stressors and adversities but also unique sociocultural stressors (e.g., "toxic upstream waters" like oppression). These adverse conditions are consequences of the historical vestiges of slavery and Jim Crow laws, often manifested as inequities in wealth, housing, wages, employment, access to healthcare, and quality education. Despite these challenges, African American families have developed resilience using strength-based adaptive coping strategies, to some extent, to filter these waters. To advance the field of resilience research, we focused on the following questions: (1) what constitutes positive responses to adversity?; (2) how is resilience defined conceptually and measured operationally?; (3) how has the field of resilience evolved?; (4) who defines what, when, and how responses are manifestations of resilience, instead of, for example, resistance? How can resistance, which at times leads to positive adaptations, be incorporated into the study of resilience?; and (5) are there case examples that demonstrate ways to address structural oppression and the pernicious effects of racism through system-level interventions, thereby changing environmental situations that sustain toxic waters requiring acts of resilience to survive and thrive? We end by exploring how a re-conceptualization of resilience requires a paradigm shift and new methodological approaches to understand ways in which preventive interventions move beyond focusing on families' capacity to navigate oppression and target systems and structures that maintain these toxic waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Velma McBride Murry
- Department of Human and Organizational Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Health Policy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Juliet M Nyanamba
- Department of Human and Organizational Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Rachel Hanebutt
- Department of Human and Organizational Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Marlena Debreaux
- Department of Human and Organizational Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Kelsey A B Gastineau
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Aijah K B Goodwin
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lipika Narisetti
- Center for Medicine Health & Society, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
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Duncan S, Horton H, Smith R, Purnell B, Good L, Larkin H. The Restorative Integral Support (RIS) Model: Community-Based Integration of Trauma-Informed Approaches to Advance Equity and Resilience for Boys and Men of Color. Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 13:bs13040299. [PMID: 37102813 PMCID: PMC10136213 DOI: 10.3390/bs13040299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Mental health and health promotion research and practice have consistently revealed the social and structural inequities that boys and men of color (BMoC) face. Moreover, scholarship highlights the importance of gender, especially the concepts of masculinity and manhood, in understanding inequities that are experienced. Providers and community leaders are finding culturally relevant ways to foster healing and restoration while addressing racial trauma and the adverse community environments tied to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs). This article introduces the restorative integral support (RIS) model to promote connectivity through networks and to acknowledge the contextual differences BMoC experience when suffering from trauma and adversities. RIS is a framework used to address adversities and trauma while increasing societal awareness and advancing equity. This community-based, multidimensional approach is offered to enhance individual, agency, community, and policymaking leadership, raising awareness of mental health concerns and trauma while offering a flexible guide to developing safe spaces and support for recovery from ACEs and trauma. This article offers an in-depth appreciation of the real-life contexts within which BMoC overcome histories of adversity and trauma, demonstrating how the RIS model is applied to advance structural transformation while fostering community resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Duncan
- School of Social Welfare, University at Albany, Albany, NY 12203, USA
- Correspondence: (S.D.); (H.H.); (H.L.)
| | - Heather Horton
- School of Social Welfare, University at Albany, Albany, NY 12203, USA
- Correspondence: (S.D.); (H.H.); (H.L.)
| | - Richard Smith
- School of Social Welfare, University at Albany, Albany, NY 12203, USA
- Richard Smith Speaks, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA
| | | | - Lisa Good
- School of Social Welfare, University at Albany, Albany, NY 12203, USA
- Urban Grief, Albany, NY 12204, USA
| | - Heather Larkin
- School of Social Welfare, University at Albany, Albany, NY 12203, USA
- Correspondence: (S.D.); (H.H.); (H.L.)
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Sanders JE. Coping with the Impact of Systemic Racism, Inequity, School and Community Violence Among High School Students Who are Suspended or Expelled. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2022; 37:NP21217-NP21243. [PMID: 35016577 DOI: 10.1177/08862605211056724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jane E Sanders
- School of Social Work, 113609King's University College at Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
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Toth S, Jenkins I, Highfill C. Investigating Exercise Readiness and Life Stress among Undergraduate Students at an Historically Black University. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH EDUCATION 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/19325037.2021.1955227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Repeated, Ongoing, and Systemic Incidents of Racism and their Harmful Mental Health Effects:. Dela J Public Health 2020. [DOI: 10.32481/djph.2020.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Glynn TR, Mendez NA, Jones DL, Dale SK, Carrico AW, Feaster DJ, Rodriguez AE, Safren SA. Trauma exposure, PTSD, and suboptimal HIV medication adherence among marginalized individuals connected to public HIV care in Miami. J Behav Med 2020; 44:147-158. [PMID: 33098541 DOI: 10.1007/s10865-020-00191-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Individuals living with HIV report disproportionately high levels of trauma exposure and PTSD symptoms, both which have been associated with suboptimal ART adherence. Often conflated, the question arises as to which construct is driving subsequent HIV self-care behavior. Given the HIV disparities among Black and Hispanic/Latinx individuals, and that Miami is a geographic region with a high racial/ethnic minority make up and a unique socioeconomic environment, it is important to explore factors related to HIV outcomes in Miami to mitigate its uncontrolled epidemic. This study aimed to examine the association of trauma exposure, PTSD symptoms, and relevant additional key factors with adherence to ART among a sample of majority Black and Hispanic/Latinx individuals who are economically marginalized receiving public HIV care in Miami, FL (N = 1237) via a cross-sectional survey. Sequential linear regression was used to examine the study aim in four blocks: (1) trauma, (2) PTSD symptoms, and key covariates of ART adherence including (3) depression and substance use (potential psychological covariates), and (4) indicators of socioeconomic status (potential structural covariates). In the first block, trauma exposure was associated with worse adherence. However, in the second block, the association with trauma dropped and PTSD was significantly associated with worse adherence. Of note, for those experiencing high levels of trauma exposure, adherence was negatively impacted regardless of PTSD. When other key factors associated with adherence were entered in the third and fourth blocks, neither trauma exposure nor PTSD were uniquely significant. In this final model, depression, substance use, and unstable housing were uniquely associated with worse adherence. Trauma-informed models of HIV care that holistically address co-occurring factors are warranted to cater to communities with HIV health disparities and keep them from falling off the HIV care continuum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany R Glynn
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Clinical Research Building, 1120 NW 14th St., Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Noelle A Mendez
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Clinical Research Building, 1120 NW 14th St., Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Deborah L Jones
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Sannisha K Dale
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Clinical Research Building, 1120 NW 14th St., Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Adam W Carrico
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Daniel J Feaster
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Allan E Rodriguez
- Division of Infectious Disease, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Steven A Safren
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Clinical Research Building, 1120 NW 14th St., Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
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Woods-Jaeger B, Siedlik E, Adams A, Piper K, O'Connor P, Berkley-Patton J. Building a Contextually-Relevant Understanding of Resilience among African American Youth Exposed to Community Violence. Behav Med 2020; 46:330-339. [PMID: 32787725 DOI: 10.1080/08964289.2020.1725865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Studies consistently demonstrate that African American youth experience disproportionate levels of community violence, which is associated with negative health and well-being outcomes among these youth. The frequency and severity of community violence exposure is a unique challenge for these youth and requires tailored approaches to promote resilience after community violence exposure. However, limited research exists that operationalizes resilience after community violence based on the unique context and lived experience of African American youth. Developing a more contextually relevant understanding of resilience is critical to reducing health inequities experienced by African American youth and promoting their well-being. Five focus groups were conducted with 39 African American adolescents (ages 13-18) exposed to community violence. Participants also completed a brief survey that included questions on demographics, adverse childhood experiences, social capital, and resilience. Focus-group transcripts were independently coded by two members of the research team and analyzed using an inductive approach. Youth highlighted key indicators of resilience including the ability to persevere, self-regulate, and change to adapt/improve. Youth also described family, peer, and cultural contexts that impact how resilience is produced and manifested, highlighting trust, perceived burdensomeness, self-determination, connectedness, and mental health stigma as key factors within these contexts. Results of this qualitative study support the development of health promotion programs for African American youth exposed to community violence that address unique risks and build on existing protective factors within family, peer, and cultural contexts.
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Porta CM, Johnson E, Finn C. Male Help-Seeking After Sexual Assault: A Series of Case Studies Informing Sexual Assault Nurse Examiner Practice. JOURNAL OF FORENSIC NURSING 2018; 14:106-111. [PMID: 29781970 DOI: 10.1097/jfn.0000000000000204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A series of three composite case studies of cisgender men who presented to an emergency department for care after experiencing a sexual assault are presented. These cases show common assault characteristics including substance use, force, and multiple perpetrators. METHODS We describe the sexual assault nurse examiner (SANE) findings and treatment and provide legal details of specific cases when available. RESULTS These case reports highlight common challenges to help-seeking and the primary reasons these male victims overcame the barriers to seek care. DISCUSSION SANEs are encouraged to provide consistent care to all sexual assault patients, regardless of gender. SANEs have an obligation to educate peers and broader society about sexual assault prevention and to advocate for policies that encourage help-seeking when a sexual assault has occurred.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Cris Finn
- Loretto Heights School of Nursing, Regis University
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