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Alkanad M, Hani U, V AH, Ghazwani M, Haider N, Osmani RAM, M D P, Hamsalakshmi, Bhat R. Bitter yet beneficial: The dual role of dietary alkaloids in managing diabetes and enhancing cognitive function. Biofactors 2024; 50:634-673. [PMID: 38169069 DOI: 10.1002/biof.2034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
With the rising prevalence of diabetes and its association with cognitive impairment, interest in the use of dietary alkaloids and other natural products has grown significantly. Understanding how these compounds manage diabetic cognitive dysfunction (DCD) is crucial. This comprehensive review explores the etiology of DCD and the effects of alkaloids in foods and dietary supplements that have been investigated as DCD therapies. Data on how dietary alkaloids like berberine, trigonelline, caffeine, capsaicin, 1-deoxynojirimycin, nuciferine, neferine, aegeline, tetramethylpyrazine, piperine, and others regulate cognition in diabetic disorders were collected from PubMed, Research Gate, Web of Science, Science Direct, and other relevant databases. Dietary alkaloids could improve memory in behavioral models and modulate the mechanisms underlying the cognitive benefits of these compounds, including their effects on glucose metabolism, gut microbiota, vasculopathy, neuroinflammation, and oxidative stress. Evidence suggests that dietary alkaloids hold promise for improving cognition in diabetic patients and could open exciting avenues for future research in diabetes management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maged Alkanad
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Sri Adichunchanagiri College of Pharmacy, Adichunchanagiri University, Mandya, India
| | - Umme Hani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Annegowda H V
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Sri Adichunchanagiri College of Pharmacy, Adichunchanagiri University, Mandya, India
| | - Mohammed Ghazwani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nazima Haider
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Riyaz Ali M Osmani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, India
| | - Pandareesh M D
- Center for Research and Innovations, Adichunchanagiri University, BGSIT, Mandya, India
| | - Hamsalakshmi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Cauvery College of Pharmacy, Cauvery Group of Institutions, Mysuru, India
| | - Rajeev Bhat
- ERA-Chair in Food By-Products Valorisation Technologies (VALORTECH), Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
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Zhou G, Wang S, Lin L, Lu K, Lin Z, Zhang Z, Zhang Y, Cheng D, Szeto K, Peng R, Luo C. Screening for immune-related biomarkers associated with myasthenia gravis and dilated cardiomyopathy based on bioinformatics analysis and machine learning. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28446. [PMID: 38571624 PMCID: PMC10988011 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background We aim to investigate genes associated with myasthenia gravis (MG), specifically those potentially implicated in the pathogenesis of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). Additionally, we seek to identify potential biomarkers for diagnosing myasthenia gravis co-occurring with DCM. Methods We obtained two expression profiling datasets related to DCM and MG from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). Subsequently, we conducted differential gene expression analysis and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) on these datasets. The genes exhibiting differential expression common to both DCM and MG were employed for protein-protein interaction (PPI), Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis. Additionally, machine learning techniques were employed to identify potential biomarkers and develop a diagnostic nomogram for predicting MG-associated DCM. Subsequently, the machine learning results underwent validation using an external dataset. Finally, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and machine algorithm analysis were conducted on pivotal model genes to further elucidate their potential mechanisms in MG-associated DCM. Results In our analysis of both DCM and MG datasets, we identified 2641 critical module genes and 11 differentially expressed genes shared between the two conditions. Enrichment analysis disclosed that these 11 genes primarily pertain to inflammation and immune regulation. Connectivity map (CMAP) analysis pinpointed SB-216763 as a potential drug for DCM treatment. The results from machine learning indicated the substantial diagnostic value of midline 1 interacting protein1 (MID1IP1) and PI3K-interacting protein 1 (PIK3IP1) in MG-associated DCM. These two hub genes were chosen as candidate biomarkers and employed to formulate a diagnostic nomogram with optimal diagnostic performance through machine learning. Simultaneously, single-gene GSEA results and immune cell infiltration analysis unveiled immune dysregulation in both DCM and MG, with MID1IP1 and PIK3IP1 showing significant associations with invasive immune cells. Conclusion We have elucidated the inflammatory and immune pathways associated with MG-related DCM and formulated a diagnostic nomogram for DCM utilizing MID1IP1/PIK3IP1. This contribution offers novel insights for prospective diagnostic approaches and therapeutic interventions in the context of MG coexisting with DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiting Zhou
- The First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shushu Wang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liwen Lin
- The First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kachun Lu
- The First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhichao Lin
- The First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ziyan Zhang
- Zhongshan Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Zhongshan, China
| | - Yuling Zhang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Danling Cheng
- The First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - KaMan Szeto
- The First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui Peng
- Shunde Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan, China
| | - Chuanjin Luo
- Cardiology Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Clinical Research Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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Hasan GM, Anwar S, Shamsi A, Sohal SS, Hassan MI. The neuroprotective potential of phytochemicals in traumatic brain injury: mechanistic insights and pharmacological implications. Front Pharmacol 2024; 14:1330098. [PMID: 38239205 PMCID: PMC10794744 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1330098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) leads to brain damage, comprising both immediate primary damage and a subsequent cascade of secondary injury mechanisms. The primary injury results in localized brain damage, while the secondary damage initiates inflammatory responses, followed by the disruption of the blood-brain barrier, infiltration of peripheral blood cells, brain edema, and the release of various immune mediators, including chemotactic factors and interleukins. TBI disrupts molecular signaling, cell structures, and functions. In addition to physical tissue damage, such as axonal injuries, contusions, and haemorrhages, TBI interferes with brain functioning, impacting cognition, decision-making, memory, attention, and speech capabilities. Despite a deep understanding of the pathophysiology of TBI, an intensive effort to evaluate the underlying mechanisms with effective therapeutic interventions is imperative to manage the repercussions of TBI. Studies have commenced to explore the potential of employing natural compounds as therapeutic interventions for TBI. These compounds are characterized by their low toxicity and limited interactions with conventional drugs. Moreover, many natural compounds demonstrate the capacity to target various aspects of the secondary injury process. While our understanding of the pathophysiology of TBI, there is an urgent need for effective therapeutic interventions to mitigate its consequences. Here, we aimed to summarize the mechanism of action and the role of phytochemicals against TBI progression. This review discusses the therapeutic implications of various phytonutrients and addresses primary and secondary consequences of TBI. In addition, we highlighted the roles of emerging phytochemicals as promising candidates for therapeutic intervention of TBI. The review highlights the neuroprotective roles of phytochemicals against TBI and the mechanistic approach. Furthermore, our efforts focused on the underlying mechanisms, providing a better understanding of the therapeutic potential of phytochemicals in TBI therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulam Mustafa Hasan
- Department of Basic Medical Science, College of Medicine, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleha Anwar
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Anas Shamsi
- Centre of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sukhwinder Singh Sohal
- Respiratory Translational Research Group, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS, Australia
| | - Md. Imtaiyaz Hassan
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
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Zhou LY, Chen D, Guo XR, Niu YQ, Xu YS, Feng DF, Li TC. Intravitreal injection of Huperzine A promotes retinal ganglion cells survival and axonal regeneration after optic nerve crush. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1145574. [PMID: 37293627 PMCID: PMC10244636 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1145574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic optic neuropathy (TON) is a condition that causes massive loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and their axonal fibers, leading to visual insufficiency. Several intrinsic and external factors can limit the regenerative ability of RGC after TON, subsequently resulting in RGC death. Hence, it is important to investigate a potential drug that can protect RGC after TON and enhance its regenerative capacity. Herein, we investigated whether Huperzine A (HupA), extracted from a Chinese herb, has neuroprotective effects and may enhance neuronal regeneration following the optic nerve crush (ONC) model. We compared the three modes of drug delivery and found that intravitreal injection of HupA could promote RGC survival and axonal regeneration after ONC. Mechanistically, HupA exerted its neuroprotective and axonal regenerative effects through the mTOR pathway; these effects could be blocked by rapamycin. To sum up, our findings suggest a promising application of HupA in the clinical treatment of traumatic optic nerve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lai-Yang Zhou
- School of Preclinical Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital South Campus, Shanghai, China
| | - Di Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xin-Ran Guo
- School of Preclinical Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Yu-Qian Niu
- Fengxian District Central Hospital Graduate Student Training Base, Jinzhou Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong-Sai Xu
- School of Medicine, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China
| | - Dong-Fu Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital South Campus, Shanghai, China
| | - Tie-Chen Li
- School of Preclinical Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
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Madireddy S, Madireddy S. Therapeutic Strategies to Ameliorate Neuronal Damage in Epilepsy by Regulating Oxidative Stress, Mitochondrial Dysfunction, and Neuroinflammation. Brain Sci 2023; 13:brainsci13050784. [PMID: 37239256 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13050784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is a central nervous system disorder involving spontaneous and recurring seizures that affects 50 million individuals globally. Because approximately one-third of patients with epilepsy do not respond to drug therapy, the development of new therapeutic strategies against epilepsy could be beneficial. Oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction are frequently observed in epilepsy. Additionally, neuroinflammation is increasingly understood to contribute to the pathogenesis of epilepsy. Mitochondrial dysfunction is also recognized for its contributions to neuronal excitability and apoptosis, which can lead to neuronal loss in epilepsy. This review focuses on the roles of oxidative damage, mitochondrial dysfunction, NAPDH oxidase, the blood-brain barrier, excitotoxicity, and neuroinflammation in the development of epilepsy. We also review the therapies used to treat epilepsy and prevent seizures, including anti-seizure medications, anti-epileptic drugs, anti-inflammatory therapies, and antioxidant therapies. In addition, we review the use of neuromodulation and surgery in the treatment of epilepsy. Finally, we present the role of dietary and nutritional strategies in the management of epilepsy, including the ketogenic diet and the intake of vitamins, polyphenols, and flavonoids. By reviewing available interventions and research on the pathophysiology of epilepsy, this review points to areas of further development for therapies that can manage epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahithi Madireddy
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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Kooshki L, Zarneshan SN, Fakhri S, Moradi SZ, Echeverria J. The pivotal role of JAK/STAT and IRS/PI3K signaling pathways in neurodegenerative diseases: Mechanistic approaches to polyphenols and alkaloids. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 112:154686. [PMID: 36804755 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) are characterized by progressive neuronal dysfunctionality which results in disability and human life-threatening events. In recent decades, NDDs are on the rise. Besides, conventional drugs have not shown potential effectiveness to attenuate the complications of NDDs. So, exploring novel therapeutic agents is an urgent need to combat such disorders. Accordingly, growing evidence indicates that polyphenols and alkaloids are promising natural candidates, possessing several beneficial pharmacological effects against diseases. Considering the complex pathophysiological mechanisms behind NDDs, Janus kinase (JAK), insulin receptor substrate (IRS), phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) seem to play critical roles during neurodegeneration/neuroregeneration. In this line, modulation of the JAK/STAT and IRS/PI3K signaling pathways and their interconnected mediators by polyphenols/alkaloids could play pivotal roles in combating NDDs, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD), stroke, aging, multiple sclerosis (MS), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), depression and other neurological disorders. PURPOSE Thus, the present study aimed to investigate the neuroprotective roles of polyphenols/alkaloids as multi-target natural products against NDDs which are critically passing through the modulation of the JAK/STAT and IRS/PI3K signaling pathways. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS A systematic and comprehensive review was performed to highlight the modulatory roles of polyphenols and alkaloids on the JAK/STAT and IRS/PI3K signaling pathways in NDDs, according to the PRISMA guideline, using scholarly electronic databases, including Scopus, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and associated reference lists. RESULTS In the present study 141 articles were included from a total of 1267 results. The results showed that phenolic compounds such as curcumin, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, and quercetin, and alkaloids such as berberine could be introduced as new strategies in combating NDDs through JAK/STAT and IRS/PI3K signaling pathways. This is the first systematic review that reveals the correlation between the JAK/STAT and IRS/PI3K axis which is targeted by phytochemicals in NDDs. Hence, this review highlighted promising insights into the neuroprotective potential of polyphenols and alkaloids through the JAK/STAT and IRS/PI3K signaling pathway and interconnected mediators toward neuroprotection. CONCLUSION Amongst natural products, phenolic compounds and alkaloids are multi-targeting agents with the most antioxidants and anti-inflammatory effects possessing the potential of combating NDDs with high efficacy and lower toxicity. However, additional reports are needed to prove the efficacy and possible side effects of natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Kooshki
- Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | | | - Sajad Fakhri
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6734667149, Iran.
| | - Seyed Zachariah Moradi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6734667149, Iran; Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6734667149, Iran
| | - Javier Echeverria
- Departamento de Ciencias del Ambiente, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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Du Y, Huo Y, Yang Q, Han Z, Hou L, Cui B, Fan K, Qiu Y, Chen Z, Huang W, Lu J, Cheng L, Cai W, Kang L. Ultrasmall iron-gallic acid coordination polymer nanodots with antioxidative neuroprotection for PET/MR imaging-guided ischemia stroke therapy. EXPLORATION (BEIJING, CHINA) 2023; 3:20220041. [PMID: 37323619 PMCID: PMC10190924 DOI: 10.1002/exp.20220041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress from reactive oxygen species (ROS) is a reperfusion injury factor that can lead to cell damage and death. Here, ultrasmall iron-gallic acid coordination polymer nanodots (Fe-GA CPNs) were developed as antioxidative neuroprotectors for ischemia stroke therapy guided by PET/MR imaging. As proven by the electron spin resonance spectrum, the ultrasmall Fe-GA CPNs with ultrasmall size, scavenged ROS efficiently. In vitro experiments revealed that Fe-GA CPNs could protect cell viability after being treated with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and displayed the effective elimination of ROS by Fe-GA CPNs, which subsequently restores oxidation balance. When analyzing the middle cerebral artery occlusion model, the neurologic damage displayed by PET/MR imaging revealed a distinct recovery after treatment with Fe-GA CPNs, which was proved by 2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride staining. Furthermore, immunohistochemistry staining indicated that Fe-GA CPNs inhibited apoptosis through protein kinase B (Akt) restoration, whereas western blot and immunofluorescence indicated the activation of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) pathway following Fe-GA CPNs application. Therefore, Fe-GA CPNs exhibit an impressive antioxidative and neuroprotective role via redox homeostasis recovery by Akt and Nrf2/HO-1 pathway activation, revealing its potential for clinical ischemia stroke treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujing Du
- Department of Nuclear MedicinePeking University First HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Yan Huo
- Department of Nuclear MedicinePeking University First HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Qi Yang
- Department of Nuclear MedicinePeking University First HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Zhihui Han
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and TechnologySoochow UniversityJiangsuChina
| | - Linqian Hou
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and TechnologySoochow UniversityJiangsuChina
| | - Bixiao Cui
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear MedicineXuanwu Hospital Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Kevin Fan
- Departments of Radiology and Medical PhysicsUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Yongkang Qiu
- Department of Nuclear MedicinePeking University First HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Zhao Chen
- Department of Nuclear MedicinePeking University First HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Wenpeng Huang
- Department of Nuclear MedicinePeking University First HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Jie Lu
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear MedicineXuanwu Hospital Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Liang Cheng
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and TechnologySoochow UniversityJiangsuChina
| | - Weibo Cai
- Departments of Radiology and Medical PhysicsUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Lei Kang
- Department of Nuclear MedicinePeking University First HospitalBeijingChina
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Cunliffe G, Lim YT, Chae W, Jung S. Alternative Pharmacological Strategies for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease: Focus on Neuromodulator Function. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10123064. [PMID: 36551821 PMCID: PMC9776382 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10123064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder, comprising 70% of dementia diagnoses worldwide and affecting 1 in 9 people over the age of 65. However, the majority of its treatments, which predominantly target the cholinergic system, remain insufficient at reversing pathology and act simply to slow the inevitable progression of the disease. The most recent neurotransmitter-targeting drug for AD was approved in 2003, strongly suggesting that targeting neurotransmitter systems alone is unlikely to be sufficient, and that research into alternate treatment avenues is urgently required. Neuromodulators are substances released by neurons which influence neurotransmitter release and signal transmission across synapses. Neuromodulators including neuropeptides, hormones, neurotrophins, ATP and metal ions display altered function in AD, which underlies aberrant neuronal activity and pathology. However, research into how the manipulation of neuromodulators may be useful in the treatment of AD is relatively understudied. Combining neuromodulator targeting with more novel methods of drug delivery, such as the use of multi-targeted directed ligands, combinatorial drugs and encapsulated nanoparticle delivery systems, may help to overcome limitations of conventional treatments. These include difficulty crossing the blood-brain-barrier and the exertion of effects on a single target only. This review aims to highlight the ways in which neuromodulator functions are altered in AD and investigate how future therapies targeting such substances, which act upstream to classical neurotransmitter systems, may be of potential therapeutic benefit in the sustained search for more effective treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Cunliffe
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138667, Singapore
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Yi Tang Lim
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138667, Singapore
- Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117546, Singapore
| | - Woori Chae
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138667, Singapore
- Department of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Seongnam-si 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangyong Jung
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138667, Singapore
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore
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Sochal M, Ditmer M, Gabryelska A, Białasiewicz P. The Role of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor in Immune-Related Diseases: A Narrative Review. J Clin Med 2022; 11:6023. [PMID: 36294343 PMCID: PMC9604720 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11206023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a neurotrophin regulating synaptic plasticity, neuronal excitability, and nociception. It seems to be one of the key molecules in interactions between the central nervous system and immune-related diseases, i.e., diseases with an inflammatory background of unknown etiology, such as inflammatory bowel diseases or rheumatoid arthritis. Studies show that BDNF levels might change in the tissues and serum of patients during the course of these conditions, e.g., affecting cell survival and modulating pain severity and signaling pathways involving different neurotransmitters. Immune-related conditions often feature psychiatric comorbidities, such as sleep disorders (e.g., insomnia) and symptoms of depression/anxiety; BDNF may be related as well to them as it seems to exert an influence on sleep structure; studies also show that patients with psychiatric disorders have decreased BDNF levels, which increase after treatment. BDNF also has a vital role in nociception, particularly in chronic pain, hyperalgesia, and allodynia, participating in the formation of central hypersensitization. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on BDNF's function in immune-related diseases, sleep, and pain. We also discuss how BDNF is affected by treatment and what consequences these changes might have beyond the nervous system.
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Jeong YH, Kim TI, Oh YC, Ma JY. Selaginella tamariscina Inhibits Glutamate-Induced Autophagic Cell Death by Activating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR Signaling Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911445. [PMID: 36232743 PMCID: PMC9569781 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutamate-induced neural toxicity in autophagic neuron death is partially mediated by increased oxidative stress. Therefore, reducing oxidative stress in the brain is critical for treating or preventing neurodegenerative diseases. Selaginella tamariscina is a traditional medicinal plant for treating gastrointestinal bleeding, hematuria, leucorrhea, inflammation, chronic hepatitis, gout, and hyperuricemia. We investigate the inhibitory effects of Selaginella tamariscina ethanol extract (STE) on neurotoxicity and autophagic cell death in glutamate-exposed HT22 mouse hippocampal cells. STE significantly increased cell viability and mitochondrial membrane potential and decreased the expression of reactive oxygen species, lactate dehydrogenase release, and cell apoptosis in glutamate-exposed HT22 cells. In addition, while glutamate induced the excessive activation of mitophagy, STE attenuated glutamate-induced light chain (LC) 3 II and Beclin-1 expression and increased p62 expression. Furthermore, STE strongly enhanced the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) phosphorylation activation. STE strongly inhibited glutamate-induced autophagy by activating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. In contrast, the addition of LY294002, a PI3K/Akt inhibitor, remarkably suppressed cell viability and p-Akt and p62 expression, while markedly increasing the expression of LC3 II and Beclin-1. Our findings indicate that autophagy inhibition by activating PI3K/Akt/mTOR phosphorylation levels could be responsible for the neuroprotective effects of STE on glutamate neuronal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - You-Chang Oh
- Correspondence: (Y.-C.O.); (J.Y.M.); Tel.: +82-53-940-3882 (Y.-C.O.); +82-53-940-3812 (J.Y.M.)
| | - Jin Yeul Ma
- Correspondence: (Y.-C.O.); (J.Y.M.); Tel.: +82-53-940-3882 (Y.-C.O.); +82-53-940-3812 (J.Y.M.)
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Research progress on oxidative stress regulating different types of neuronal death caused by epileptic seizures. Neurol Sci 2022; 43:6279-6298. [DOI: 10.1007/s10072-022-06302-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
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Bazzari AH, Bazzari FH. BDNF Therapeutic Mechanisms in Neuropsychiatric Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158417. [PMID: 35955546 PMCID: PMC9368938 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is the most abundant neurotrophin in the adult brain and functions as both a primary neurotrophic signal and a neuromodulator. It serves essential roles in neuronal development, maintenance, transmission, and plasticity, thereby influencing aging, cognition, and behavior. Accumulating evidence associates reduced central and peripheral BDNF levels with various neuropsychiatric disorders, supporting its potential utilization as a biomarker of central pathologies. Subsequently, extensive research has been conducted to evaluate restoring, or otherwise augmenting, BDNF transmission as a potential therapeutic approach. Promising results were indeed observed for genetic BDNF upregulation or exogenous administration using a multitude of murine models of neurological and psychiatric diseases. However, varying mechanisms have been proposed to underlie the observed therapeutic effects, and many findings indicate the engagement of disease-specific and other non-specific mechanisms. This is because BDNF essentially affects all aspects of neuronal cellular function through tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB) receptor signaling, the disruptions of which vary between brain regions across different pathologies leading to diversified consequences on cognition and behavior. Herein, we review the neurophysiology of BDNF transmission and signaling and classify the converging and diverging molecular mechanisms underlying its therapeutic potentials in neuropsychiatric disorders. These include neuroprotection, synaptic maintenance, immunomodulation, plasticity facilitation, secondary neuromodulation, and preservation of neurovascular unit integrity and cellular viability. Lastly, we discuss several findings suggesting BDNF as a common mediator of the therapeutic actions of centrally acting pharmacological agents used in the treatment of neurological and psychiatric illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amjad H. Bazzari
- Faculty of Medicine, Arab American University, 13 Zababdeh, Jenin 240, Palestine
- Correspondence:
| | - Firas H. Bazzari
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Arab American University, 13 Zababdeh, Jenin 240, Palestine;
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13
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Gu C, Zhang Q, Li Y, Li R, Feng J, Chen W, Ahmed W, Soufiany I, Huang S, Long J, Chen L. The PI3K/AKT Pathway-The Potential Key Mechanisms of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Stroke. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:900809. [PMID: 35712089 PMCID: PMC9194604 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.900809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke is associated with a high disability and fatality rate, and adversely affects the quality of life of patients and their families. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has been used effectively in the treatment of stroke for more than 2000 years in China and surrounding countries and regions, and over the years, this field has gleaned extensive clinical treatment experience. The Phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) pathway is important for regulation of cell migration, proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis, and plays a vital role in vascularization and oxidative stress in stroke. Current Western medicine treatment protocols for stroke include mainly pharmacologic or mechanical thrombectomy to restore blood flow. This review collates recent advances in the past 5 years in the TCM treatment of stroke involving the PI3K/AKT pathway. TCM treatment significantly reduces neuronal damage, inhibits cell apoptosis, and delays progression of stroke via various PI3K/AKT-mediated downstream pathways. In the future, TCM can provide new perspectives and directions for exploring the key factors, and effective activators or inhibitors that affect occurrence and progression of stroke, thereby facilitating treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyang Gu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiankun Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yajing Li
- Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rong Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wanghao Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai 9th People Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Waqas Ahmed
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | | | - Shiying Huang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Long
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lukui Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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14
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Caspase-mediated regulation of the distinct signaling pathways and mechanisms in neuronal survival. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 110:108951. [PMID: 35717837 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Caspases are intimately associated with altering various signaling pathways, resulting in programmed cell death or apoptosis. Apoptosis is necessary for the normal homeostasis of cells and their development. The untoward activation of apoptotic pathways indirectly or directly results in pathologies of various diseases. Identifying different caspases in apoptotic pathways directed the research to develop caspase inhibitors as therapeutic agents. However, no drug is available in the market that targets caspase inhibition and produces a therapeutic effect. Here, we will shed light on the role of caspases in the number of neuronal disorders and neurodegenerative diseases. The article reviews the findings about the activation of various upstream mechanisms associated with caspases in neurodegenerative disorders along with the recent progress in the generation of caspase inhibitors and the challenge faced in their development as therapeutic agents for neurological indications.
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15
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Villegas C, Perez R, Petiz LL, Glaser T, Ulrich H, Paz C. Ginkgolides and Huperzine A for complementary treatment of Alzheimer's disease. IUBMB Life 2022; 74:763-779. [PMID: 35384262 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by gradual deterioration of cognitive function, memory, and inability to perform daily, social, or occupational activities. Its etiology is associated with the accumulation of β-amyloid peptides, phosphorylated tau protein, and neuroinflammatory and oxidative processes in the brain. Currently, there is no successful pharmacological treatment for AD. The few approved drugs are mainly aimed at treating the symptoms; however, due to the increasing discovery of etiopathological factors, there are great efforts to find new multifunctional molecules to slow down the course of this neurodegenerative disease. The commercial Ginkgo biloba formulation EGb 761® and Huperzine A, an alkaloid present in the plant Huperzia serrata, have shown in clinical trials to possess cholinergic and neuroprotective activities, including improvement in cognition, activities of daily living, and neuropsychiatric symptoms in AD patients. The purpose of this review is to expose the positive results of intervention with EGb 761® and Huperzine in patients with mild to moderate AD in the last 10 years, highlighting the pharmacological functions that justify their use in AD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Villegas
- Laboratory of Natural Products & Drug Discovery, Center CEBIM, Department of Basic Sciences, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Rebeca Perez
- Laboratory of Natural Products & Drug Discovery, Center CEBIM, Department of Basic Sciences, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Lyvia Lintzmaier Petiz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Talita Glaser
- Department of Biochemistry, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Henning Ulrich
- Department of Biochemistry, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cristian Paz
- Laboratory of Natural Products & Drug Discovery, Center CEBIM, Department of Basic Sciences, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
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A Synopsis of Multitarget Potential Therapeutic Effects of Huperzine A in Diverse Pathologies-Emphasis on Alzheimer's Disease Pathogenesis. Neurochem Res 2022; 47:1166-1182. [PMID: 35122609 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03530-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Numerous challenges are confronted when it comes to the recognition of therapeutic agents for treating complex neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's disease (AD). The perplexing pathogenicity of AD embodies cholinergic dysfunction, amyloid beta (Aβ) aggregation, neurofibrillary tangle formation, neuroinflammation, mitochondrial disruption along with vicious production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generating oxidative stress. In this frame of reference, drugs with multi target components could prove more advantageous to counter complex pathological mechanisms that are responsible for AD progression. For as much as, medicinal plant based pharmaco-therapies are emerging as potential candidates for AD treatment keeping the efficacy and safety parameters in terms of toxicity and side effects into consideration. Huperzine A (Hup A) is a purified alkaloid compound extracted from a club moss called Huperzia serrata. Several studies have reported both cholinergic and non-cholinergic effects of this compound on AD with significant neuroprotective properties. The present review convenes cumulative demonstrations of neuroprotection provided by Hup A in in vitro, in vivo, and human studies in various pathologies. The underlying molecular mechanisms of its actions have also been discussed. However, more profound evidence would certainly promote the therapeutic implementation of this drug thus furnishing decisive insights into AD therapeutics and various other pathologies along with preventive and curative management.
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17
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Gao L, Zhang Y, Sterling K, Song W. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor in Alzheimer's disease and its pharmaceutical potential. Transl Neurodegener 2022; 11:4. [PMID: 35090576 PMCID: PMC8796548 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-022-00279-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 70.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Synaptic abnormalities are a cardinal feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD) that are known to arise as the disease progresses. A growing body of evidence suggests that pathological alterations to neuronal circuits and synapses may provide a mechanistic link between amyloid β (Aβ) and tau pathology and thus may serve as an obligatory relay of the cognitive impairment in AD. Brain-derived neurotrophic factors (BDNFs) play an important role in maintaining synaptic plasticity in learning and memory. Considering AD as a synaptic disorder, BDNF has attracted increasing attention as a potential diagnostic biomarker and a therapeutical molecule for AD. Although depletion of BDNF has been linked with Aβ accumulation, tau phosphorylation, neuroinflammation and neuronal apoptosis, the exact mechanisms underlying the effect of impaired BDNF signaling on AD are still unknown. Here, we present an overview of how BDNF genomic structure is connected to factors that regulate BDNF signaling. We then discuss the role of BDNF in AD and the potential of BDNF-targeting therapeutics for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Gao
- Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Behavioral Interventions of Mental Disorders, Institute of Mental Health, College of Pharmacy, Jining Medical University, Jining, 272067, Shandong, China
- Townsend Family Laboratories, Department of Psychiatry, The University of British Columbia, 2255 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Yun Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Keenan Sterling
- Townsend Family Laboratories, Department of Psychiatry, The University of British Columbia, 2255 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Weihong Song
- Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Behavioral Interventions of Mental Disorders, Institute of Mental Health, College of Pharmacy, Jining Medical University, Jining, 272067, Shandong, China.
- Townsend Family Laboratories, Department of Psychiatry, The University of British Columbia, 2255 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China.
- Institute of Aging, Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, School of Mental Health and The Affiliated Kangning Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China.
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Wenzhou, 325001, Zhejiang, China.
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18
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Huperzine A and Its Neuroprotective Molecular Signaling in Alzheimer's Disease. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26216531. [PMID: 34770940 PMCID: PMC8587556 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Huperzine A (HupA), an alkaloid found in the club moss Huperzia serrata, has been used for centuries in Chinese folk medicine to treat dementia. The effects of this alkaloid have been attributed to its ability to inhibit the cholinergic enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE), acting as an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor (AChEI). The biological functions of HupA have been studied both in vitro and in vivo, and its role in neuroprotection appears to be a good therapeutic candidate for Alzheimer´s disease (AD). Here, we summarize the neuroprotective effects of HupA on AD, with an emphasis on its interactions with different molecular signaling avenues, such as the Wnt signaling, the pre- and post-synaptic region mechanisms (synaptotagmin, neuroligins), the amyloid precursor protein (APP) processing, the amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) accumulation, and mitochondrial protection. Our goal is to provide an integrated overview of the molecular mechanisms through which HupA affects AD.
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19
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Wang CM, Chen WC, Zhang Y, Lin S, He HF. Update on the Mechanism and Treatment of Sevoflurane-Induced Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:702231. [PMID: 34305576 PMCID: PMC8296910 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.702231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Sevoflurane is one of the most widely used anesthetics for the induction and maintenance of general anesthesia in surgical patients. Sevoflurane treatment may increase the incidence of postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD), and patients with POCD exhibit lower cognitive abilities than before the operation. POCD affects the lives of patients and places an additional burden on patients and their families. Understanding the mechanism of sevoflurane-induced POCD may improve prevention and treatment of POCD. In this paper, we review the diagnosis of POCD, introduce animal models of POCD in clinical research, analyze the possible mechanisms of sevoflurane-induced POCD, and summarize advances in treatment for this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong-Mei Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Wei-Can Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Shu Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China.,Diabetes and Metabolism Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Centre of Neurological and Metabolic Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - He-Fan He
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
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20
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Li Y, Xiao X, Wang L, Wang Q, Liang R, Zheng C, Yang J, Ming D. Comparison effects of chronic sleep deprivation on juvenile and young adult mice. J Sleep Res 2021; 31:e13399. [PMID: 34137107 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.13399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Sleeplessness leads to a spectrum of neuropsychiatric disorders, affecting both juveniles and young adults. Studies have shown different sleep patterns at different stages of development. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of the same chronic sleep deprivation (CSD) on behaviours of juveniles and young adults remain elusive. Here, we aimed to evaluate the effects of CSD (6 days, 19 h per day) on anxiety-like behaviour, cognitive performance and molecular alterations in juvenile and young adult mice. Change in body weight suggested impaired physical development in CSD animals, specifically juveniles gaining weight at a lower rate and young adults losing weight. Behavioural performance indicated that CSD had little effect on spatial memory, but induced analogous anxiety-like phenotypes in both juveniles and young adults, as evidenced by no significant difference in the Y-maze experiment (Y-M) or the Morris water maze experiment (MWM), as well as the decreased open-arm distance percentage in the elevated plus maze experiment (EPM). In addition, CSD reduced the N-methyl-D-aspartic receptor subunit 2B (NR2B) and postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD95) levels in juveniles, but these were increased in young adults. In conclusion, our results suggested that although CSD resulted in analogous anxiety-like behaviours in both juvenile and young adult mice, the underlying mechanisms might be different, which was indicated by the opposite change of synaptic proteins under CSD. These findings may help to better understand the important role of sleep and have constructive significance for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqing Li
- Institute of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xi Xiao
- Institute of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ling Wang
- School of Precision Instrument and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Institute of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Rong Liang
- Institute of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Chenguang Zheng
- Institute of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.,School of Precision Instrument and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiajia Yang
- Institute of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.,School of Precision Instrument and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Dong Ming
- Institute of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.,School of Precision Instrument and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
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21
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Liang Z, Currais A, Soriano-Castell D, Schubert D, Maher P. Natural products targeting mitochondria: emerging therapeutics for age-associated neurological disorders. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 221:107749. [PMID: 33227325 PMCID: PMC8084865 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are the primary source of energy production in the brain thereby supporting most of its activity. However, mitochondria become inefficient and dysfunctional with age and to a greater extent in neurological disorders. Thus, mitochondria represent an emerging drug target for many age-associated neurological disorders. This review summarizes recent advances (covering from 2010 to May 2020) in the use of natural products from plant, animal, and microbial sources as potential neuroprotective agents to restore mitochondrial function. Natural products from diverse classes of chemical structures are discussed and organized according to their mechanism of action on mitochondria in terms of modulation of biogenesis, dynamics, bioenergetics, calcium homeostasis, and membrane potential, as well as inhibition of the oxytosis/ferroptosis pathway. This analysis emphasizes the significant value of natural products for mitochondrial pharmacology as well as the opportunities and challenges for the discovery and development of future neurotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhibin Liang
- Cellular Neurobiology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States; The Paul F. Glenn Center for Biology of Aging Research, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States.
| | - Antonio Currais
- Cellular Neurobiology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - David Soriano-Castell
- Cellular Neurobiology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - David Schubert
- Cellular Neurobiology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States; The Paul F. Glenn Center for Biology of Aging Research, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Pamela Maher
- Cellular Neurobiology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States.
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22
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Chen S, Zou Q, Guo Q, Chen Y, Kuang X, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Wu W, Li G, Tu L, Tong J, Li S, Ma L, Li Q. SPARC Knockdown Reduces Glutamate-Induced HT22 Hippocampal Nerve Cell Damage by Regulating Autophagy. Front Neurosci 2021; 14:581441. [PMID: 33584170 PMCID: PMC7874057 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.581441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) is a matricellular protein involved in the extracellular matrix and interactions between cells during neural development of the central nervous system (CNS). Oxidative glutamate toxicity is involved in CNS diseases, including epilepsy, Alzheimer’s disease, and ischemic stroke. However, the molecular mechanism of nerve injury is not fully understood in CNS diseases. Herein, the glutamate-induced nerve damage model was used to explore the molecular mechanisms affecting nerve damage. The levels of SPARC and autophagy were increased in glutamate-induced HT22 hippocampal nerve injury. In summary, the current study confirmed that SPARC regulates autophagy in HT22 hippocampal nerve cells, and its knockdown reduces the glutamate-induced HT22 hippocampal nerve injury by inhibiting autophagy. These findings suggested that SPARC plays a crucial role in nerve injury of CNS diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China.,Key Laboratory of Brain Science Research & Transformation in Tropical Environment of Hainan Province, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Qin Zou
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Qiang Guo
- Epilepsy Center, Guangdong Sanjiu Brain Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongmin Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China.,Key Laboratory of Brain Science Research & Transformation in Tropical Environment of Hainan Province, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Xi Kuang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China.,Hainan Health Vocational College, Haikou, China
| | - Yukang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China.,Key Laboratory of Brain Science Research & Transformation in Tropical Environment of Hainan Province, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China.,Key Laboratory of Brain Science Research & Transformation in Tropical Environment of Hainan Province, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Wengang Wu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China.,Key Laboratory of Brain Science Research & Transformation in Tropical Environment of Hainan Province, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Ge Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China.,Key Laboratory of Brain Science Research & Transformation in Tropical Environment of Hainan Province, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Linzhi Tu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China.,Key Laboratory of Brain Science Research & Transformation in Tropical Environment of Hainan Province, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Jingyi Tong
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China.,Key Laboratory of Brain Science Research & Transformation in Tropical Environment of Hainan Province, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Songrong Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China.,Key Laboratory of Brain Science Research & Transformation in Tropical Environment of Hainan Province, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Lin Ma
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China.,Key Laboratory of Brain Science Research & Transformation in Tropical Environment of Hainan Province, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Qifu Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China.,Key Laboratory of Brain Science Research & Transformation in Tropical Environment of Hainan Province, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
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23
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Zhang RH, Zhang HL, Li PY, Li CH, Gao JP, Li J, Xu T, Wang XJ, Wang CL, Zhang HC, Xu MJ, Tian SF. Autophagy is involved in the replication of H9N2 influenza virus via the regulation of oxidative stress in alveolar epithelial cells. Virol J 2021; 18:22. [PMID: 33461581 PMCID: PMC7814439 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-020-01484-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Oxidative stress is an important pathogenic factor in influenza A virus infection. It has been found that reactive oxygen species induced by the H9N2 influenza virus is associated with viral replication. However, the mechanisms involved remain to be elucidated. Methods In this study, the role of autophagy was investigated in H9N2 influenza virus-induced oxidative stress and viral replication in A549 cells. Autophagy induced by H9N2 was inhibited by an autophagy inhibitor or RNA interference, the autophagy level, viral replication and the presence of oxidative stress were detected by western blot, TCID50 assay, and Real-time PCR. Then autophagy and oxidative stress were regulated, and viral replication was determined. At last, the Akt/TSC2/mTOR signaling pathways was detected by western blot. Results Autophagy was induced by the H9N2 influenza virus and the inhibition of autophagy reduced the viral titer and the expression of nucleoprotein and matrix protein. The blockage of autophagy suppressed the H9N2 virus-induced increase in the presence of oxidative stress, as evidenced by decreased reactive oxygen species production and malonaldehyde generation, and increased superoxide dismutase 1 levels. The changes in the viral titer and NP mRNA level caused by the antioxidant, N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC), and the oxidizing agent, H2O2, confirmed the involvement of oxidative stress in the control of viral replication. NAC plus transfection with Atg5 siRNA significantly reduced the viral titer and oxidative stress compared with NAC treatment alone, which confirmed that autophagy was involved in the replication of H9N2 influenza virus by regulating oxidative stress. Our data also revealed that autophagy was induced by the H9N2 influenza virus through the Akt/TSC2/mTOR pathway. The activation of Akt or the inhibition of TSC2 suppressed the H9N2 virus-induced increase in the level of LC3-II, restored the decrease in the expression of phospho-pAkt, phospho-mTOR and phospho-pS6 caused by H9N2 infection, suppressed the H9N2-induced increase in the presence of oxidative stress, and resulted in a decrease in the viral titer. Conclusion Autophagy is involved in H9N2 virus replication by regulating oxidative stress via the Akt/TSC2/mTOR signaling pathway. Thus, autophagy maybe a target which may be used to improve antiviral therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Hua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Science College, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, 075131, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Liang Zhang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China
| | - Pei-Yao Li
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Science College, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, 075131, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun-Hong Li
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Science College, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, 075131, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Ping Gao
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Science College, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, 075131, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Tong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Science College, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, 075131, Hebei, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xue-Jing Wang
- The Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Institute of Hebei, Baoding, 071001, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Cun-Lian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Science College, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, 075131, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui-Chen Zhang
- He He Animal Husbandry Development Co. Ltd., Zhenlai, 137300, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming-Ju Xu
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Science College, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, 075131, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu-Fei Tian
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Science College, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, 075131, Hebei, People's Republic of China
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Hao Y, Bai S, Peng J, Hong R, Ding J, Li Z, Guan Y. TRIM27-mediated ubiquitination of PPARγ promotes glutamate-induced cell apoptosis and inflammation. Exp Cell Res 2020; 400:112437. [PMID: 33385414 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2020.112437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Neurotoxicity induced by glutamate (Glu) is often used to study the signaling mechanism of neurological disorders. The identification of specific genetic factors that cause Glu-induced neurotoxicity provides evidence for the common pathways of neuronal apoptosis and inflammation. TRIM27 has been found to induce apoptosis and inflammation. Nevertheless, there is little evidence that TRIM27 is associated with Glu-induced neurotoxicity. We found that TRIM27 expression was increased in epilepsy patients and in HT22 cells following Glu treatment. Glu-mediated cell apoptosis, decreased PPARγ expression, and increased levels of cleaved Caspase-3 and IL-1β expression in HT22 cells were significantly inhibited by TRIM27 knockdown. TRIM27 overexpression significantly induced cell apoptosis and expression of cleaved Caspase-3 and IL-1β, but inhibited PPARγ expression in HT22 cells, which were reversed by ROZ, suggesting the involvement of PPARγ in TRIM27-mediated cell apoptosis and inflammation in HT22 cells. Mechanically, TRIM27 ubiquitinates and degrades PPARγ, following induces cleaved Caspase-3 and IL-1β expression. Clinically, increased expression of TRIM27 in epilepsy patients was associated with decreased PPARγ expression. Taken together, our study suggests that TRIM27-mediated ubiquitination of PPARγ promotes Glu-induced HT22 cell apoptosis and IL-1β release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Hao
- Neurology Department, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University Medical School, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Shuwei Bai
- Neurology Department, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University Medical School, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Jing Peng
- Neurology Department, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University Medical School, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Ronghua Hong
- Neurology Department, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University Medical School, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Jie Ding
- Neurology Department, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University Medical School, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Zezhi Li
- Neurology Department, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University Medical School, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Yangtai Guan
- Neurology Department, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University Medical School, Shanghai, 200127, China.
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25
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Anderson G. Tumour Microenvironment: Roles of the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor, O-GlcNAcylation, Acetyl-CoA and Melatonergic Pathway in Regulating Dynamic Metabolic Interactions across Cell Types-Tumour Microenvironment and Metabolism. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:E141. [PMID: 33375613 PMCID: PMC7795031 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This article reviews the dynamic interactions of the tumour microenvironment, highlighting the roles of acetyl-CoA and melatonergic pathway regulation in determining the interactions between oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and glycolysis across the array of cells forming the tumour microenvironment. Many of the factors associated with tumour progression and immune resistance, such as yin yang (YY)1 and glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)3β, regulate acetyl-CoA and the melatonergic pathway, thereby having significant impacts on the dynamic interactions of the different types of cells present in the tumour microenvironment. The association of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) with immune suppression in the tumour microenvironment may be mediated by the AhR-induced cytochrome P450 (CYP)1b1-driven 'backward' conversion of melatonin to its immediate precursor N-acetylserotonin (NAS). NAS within tumours and released from tumour microenvironment cells activates the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) receptor, TrkB, thereby increasing the survival and proliferation of cancer stem-like cells. Acetyl-CoA is a crucial co-substrate for initiation of the melatonergic pathway, as well as co-ordinating the interactions of OXPHOS and glycolysis in all cells of the tumour microenvironment. This provides a model of the tumour microenvironment that emphasises the roles of acetyl-CoA and the melatonergic pathway in shaping the dynamic intercellular metabolic interactions of the various cells within the tumour microenvironment. The potentiation of YY1 and GSK3β by O-GlcNAcylation will drive changes in metabolism in tumours and tumour microenvironment cells in association with their regulation of the melatonergic pathway. The emphasis on metabolic interactions across cell types in the tumour microenvironment provides novel future research and treatment directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Anderson
- Clinical Research Communications (CRC) Scotland & London, Eccleston Square, London SW1V 6UT, UK
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26
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Liu Y, Wang S, Kan J, Zhang J, Zhou L, Huang Y, Zhang Y. Chinese Herbal Medicine Interventions in Neurological Disorder Therapeutics by Regulating Glutamate Signaling. Curr Neuropharmacol 2020; 18:260-276. [PMID: 31686629 PMCID: PMC7327939 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x17666191101125530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, and its signaling is critical for excitatory synaptic transmission. The well-established glutamate system involves glutamate synthesis, presynaptic glutamate release, glutamate actions on the ionotropic glutamate receptors (NMDA, AMPA, and kainate receptors) and metabotropic glutamate receptors, and glutamate uptake by glutamate transporters. When the glutamate system becomes dysfunctional, it contributes to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, depression, epilepsy, and ischemic stroke. In this review, based on regulating glutamate signaling, we summarize the effects and underlying mechanisms of natural constituents from Chinese herbal medicines on neurological disorders. Natural constituents from Chinese herbal medicine can prevent the glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity via suppressing presynaptic glutamate release, decreasing ionotropic and metabotropic glutamate receptors expression in the excitatory synapse, and promoting astroglial glutamate transporter expression to increase glutamate clearance from the synaptic cleft. However, some natural constituents from Chinese herbal medicine have the ability to restore the collapse of excitatory synapses by promoting presynaptic glutamate release and increasing ionotropic and metabotropic glutamate receptors expression. These regulatory processes involve various signaling pathways, which lead to different mechanistic routes of protection against neurological disorders. Hence, our review addresses the underlying mechanisms of natural constituents from Chinese herbal medicines that regulate glutamate systems and serve as promising agents for the treatment of the above-mentioned neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China.,Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Shan Wang
- Department of Biology, Center of Pain Medicine and Medical School, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jun Kan
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jingzhi Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Lisa Zhou
- Neuroscience Initiative, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States
| | - Yuli Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde Foshan), Foshan 528300, China
| | - Yunlong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China.,Shenzhen Research Institute of Xiamen University, Shenzhen 518000, China
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Afshari AR, Fanoudi S, Rajabian A, Sadeghnia HR, Mollazadeh H, Hosseini A. Potential protective roles of phytochemicals on glutamate-induced neurotoxicity: A review. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2020; 23:1113-1123. [PMID: 32963732 PMCID: PMC7491505 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2020.43687.10259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Glutamate, as an essential neurotransmitter, has been thought to have different roles in the central nervous system (CNS), including nerve regeneration, synaptogenesis, and neurogenesis. Excessive glutamate causes an up-regulation of the multiple signaling pathways, including phosphoinositide-3 kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt), Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) protein, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2, and autophagy that are involved in neurodegenerative diseases pathophysiology. There are numerous findings on curcumin, astaxanthin, thymoquinone, and berberine, as natural products, which have outstanding effects in cell signaling far beyond their anti-oxidant activity, considering as a potential therapeutic target for glutamate excitotoxicity. Herein, we address the role of glutamate as a potential target in neurodegenerative diseases and discuss the protective effects of certain phytochemicals on glutamate-induced neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir R. Afshari
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Sahar Fanoudi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Arezoo Rajabian
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamid R. Sadeghnia
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Division of Neurocognitive Sciences, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamid Mollazadeh
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Azar Hosseini
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Cacabelos R. Pharmacogenetic considerations when prescribing cholinesterase inhibitors for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2020; 16:673-701. [PMID: 32520597 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2020.1779700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cholinergic dysfunction, demonstrated in the late 1970s and early 1980s, led to the introduction of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs) in 1993 (Tacrine) to enhance cholinergic neurotransmission as the first line of treatment against Alzheimer's disease (AD). The new generation of AChEIs, represented by Donepezil (1996), Galantamine (2001) and Rivastigmine (2002), is the only treatment for AD to date, together with Memantine (2003). AChEIs are not devoid of side-effects and their cost-effectiveness is limited. An option to optimize the correct use of AChEIs is the implementation of pharmacogenetics (PGx) in the clinical practice. AREAS COVERED (i) The cholinergic system in AD, (ii) principles of AD PGx, (iii) PGx of Donepezil, Galantamine, Rivastigmine, Huperzine and other treatments, and (iv) practical recommendations. EXPERT OPINION The most relevant genes influencing AChEI efficacy and safety are APOE and CYPs. APOE-4 carriers are the worst responders to AChEIs. With the exception of Rivastigmine (UGT2B7, BCHE-K), the other AChEIs are primarily metabolized via CYP2D6, CYP3A4, and UGT enzymes, with involvement of ABC transporters and cholinergic genes (CHAT, ACHE, BCHE, SLC5A7, SLC18A3, CHRNA7) in most ethnic groups. Defective variants may affect the clinical response to AChEIs. PGx geno-phenotyping is highly recommended prior to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramón Cacabelos
- Department of Genomic Medicine, EuroEspes Biomedical Research Center, International Center of Neuroscience and Genomic Medicine , Bergondo, Corunna, Spain
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29
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Bueno DC, Canto RFS, de Souza V, Andreguetti RR, Barbosa FAR, Naime AA, Dey PN, Wüllner V, Lopes MW, Braga AL, Methner A, Farina M. New Probucol Analogues Inhibit Ferroptosis, Improve Mitochondrial Parameters, and Induce Glutathione Peroxidase in HT22 Cells. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 57:3273-3290. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-01956-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Zheng B, Chen T. MiR-489-3p inhibits cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, and induces apoptosis, by targeting the BDNF-mediated PI3K/AKT pathway in glioblastoma. Open Life Sci 2020; 15:274-283. [PMID: 33817216 PMCID: PMC7874546 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2020-0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Among astrocyte tumors, glioblastoma (GBM) is the most malignant glioma, highly aggressive and invasive, with extremely poor prognosis. Previous research has reported that microRNAs (miRNAs) participate in the progression of many cancers. Thus, this study aimed to explore the role and the underlying mechanisms of microRNA (miR)-489-3p in GBM progression. The expression of miR-489-3p and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) mRNA was measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Western blot analysis was used to detect BDNF protein and the PI3K/AKT pathway-related protein. Cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion were analyzed using CKK-8 assay, flow cytometry, and transwell assay, respectively. The interaction between BDNF and miR-489-3p was explored by luciferase reporter assay and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay. MiR-489-3p was down-regulated and BDNF was up-regulated in GBM tissues and cells. MiR-489-3p re-expression or BDNF knockdown inhibited GBM cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, and promoted apoptosis. BDNF was a target of miR-489-3p, and BDNF up-regulation reversed the effects of miR-489-3p on GBM cells. The protein levels of p-AKT and p-PI3K were notably reduced in GBM cells by overexpression of miR-489-3p, but were rescued following BDNF up-regulation. Therefore, miR-489-3p inhibited proliferation, migration, and invasion, and induced apoptosis, by targeting the BDNF-mediated PI3K/AKT pathway in GBM, providing new strategies for clinical treatment of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jingzhou Central Hospital, Hubei Province, Jingzhou, 434020, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jingzhou Central Hospital, Hubei Province, Jingzhou, 434020, China
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31
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Wang T, Zhang J, Li P, Ding Y, Tang J, Chen G, Zhang JH. NT-4 attenuates neuroinflammation via TrkB/PI3K/FoxO1 pathway after germinal matrix hemorrhage in neonatal rats. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:158. [PMID: 32416727 PMCID: PMC7229625 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-01835-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Neuroinflammation plays an important role in pathogenesis of germinal matrix hemorrhage (GMH). Neurotrophin-4 (NT-4) is a member of the neurotrophin family and interacts with the tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB). NT-4 has been shown to confer neuroprotective effects following cerebral ischemia. We aimed to investigate the neuroprotective function of NT-4-TrkB signaling, as well as its downstream signaling cascade phosphatidylinositol-3-kinases (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt)/forkhead box protein O1 (FoxO1), following GMH in neonatal rats. Methods GMH was induced by intraparenchymal injection of bacterial collagenase (0.3 U) in P7 rat pups. A total of 163 pups were used in this study. Recombinant human NT-4 was administered intranasally at 1 h after the collagenase injection. The selective TrkB antagonist ANA-12, selective PI3K inhibitor LY294002, and FoxO1 activating CRISPR were administered intracerebroventricularly at 24 h prior to NT-4 treatment to investigate the underlying mechanism. Short-term and long-term neurobehavioral assessments, immunofluorescence staining, Nissl’s staining, and Western blot were performed. Results Expression of phosphorylated TrkB increased after GMH, reaching the peak level at day 3 after hemorrhage. TrkB receptors were observed on neurons, microglia, and astrocytes. The administration of rh-NT-4 induced phosphorylation of TrkB, expression of PI3K, and phosphorylation of Akt. Meanwhile, it decreased FoxO1 and IL-6 levels. Selective inhibition of TrkB/PI3K/Akt signaling in microglia increased the expression levels of FoxO1 and pro-inflammatory cytokines. FoxO1 activating CRISPR increased the expression of IL-6, suggesting that FoxO1 might be a potential inducer of pro-inflammatory factors. These results suggested that PI3K/Akt/FoxO1 signaling may be the downstream pathway of activation of TrkB. The rat pups treated with rh-NT-4 performed better than vehicle-treated animals in both short-term and long-term behavioral tests. Conclusion These data showed that rh-NT-4 reduced the expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, improved neurological function, attenuated neuroinflammation, and thereby mitigated post-hemorrhagic hydrocephalus after GMH by TrkB/PI3K/Akt/FoxO1 pathway. These results indicated that rh-NT-4 could be a promising therapeutic strategy to ameliorate neuroinflammation and hydrocephalus after GMH or other similar brain injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyi Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, School of Medicine, 11041 Campus Street, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Junyi Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, School of Medicine, 11041 Campus Street, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, School of Medicine, 11041 Campus Street, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
| | - Yan Ding
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, School of Medicine, 11041 Campus Street, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
| | - Jiping Tang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, School of Medicine, 11041 Campus Street, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China.
| | - John H Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, School of Medicine, 11041 Campus Street, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA.
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Wang HY, Wu M, Diao JL, Li JB, Sun YX, Xiao XQ. Huperzine A ameliorates obesity-related cognitive performance impairments involving neuronal insulin signaling pathway in mice. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2020; 41:145-153. [PMID: 31213670 PMCID: PMC7471460 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-019-0257-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) share several common pathophysiological features. Huperzine A (Hup A), a Lycopodium alkaloid extracted from the Chinese herb moss Huperzia serrata, is a specific and reversible inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase, which is clinically used for the treatment of AD. In this study, we investigated whether Hup A improved the metabolic and cognitive functions in the high fat-induced (HFD) obese mice and genetic ob/ob mice. HFD and ob/ob mice were treated with Hup A (0.1, 0.3 mg · kg-1 · d-1, ig) for 3 months. Body weight was monitored and glucose tolerance tests were performed. Novel object recognition test and Morris water maze assay were conducted to evaluate the cognitive functions. We found that the Hup A treatment had no significant effect on peripheral metabolism of obese mice, whereas Hup A (0.1, mg · kg-1 · d-1) improved both the abilities of object recognition and spatial memory in HFD-fed mice, but not in ob/ob mice. Furthermore, Hup A treatment significantly upregulated the insulin and phosphorylated Akt levels in the cortex of HFD-fed mice, but not ob/ob mice. In addition, Hup A (0.3, mg · kg-1 · d-1) significantly decreased cortical β-secretase (BACE1) expression. In conclusion, these results demonstrate that treatment with Hup A (0.1, mg · kg-1 · d-1) can effectively improve the cognitive functions, at least in diet-induced obese mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Ying Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
- The Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Major Metabolic Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400032, China
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Min Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
- The Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Major Metabolic Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Jun-Ling Diao
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
- The Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Major Metabolic Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Ji-Bin Li
- School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Innovation Center for Social Risk Governance in Health, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yu-Xiang Sun
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Xiao-Qiu Xiao
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
- The Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Major Metabolic Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400032, China.
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Wang H, Wei Y, Pu Y, Jiang D, Jiang X, Zhang Y, Tao J. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor stimulation of T-type Ca2+ channels in sensory neurons contributes to increased peripheral pain sensitivity. Sci Signal 2019; 12:12/600/eaaw2300. [DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aaw2300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Although brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is implicated in the nociceptive signaling of peripheral sensory neurons, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. Here, we elucidated the effects of BDNF on the neuronal excitability of trigeminal ganglion (TG) neurons and the pain sensitivity of rats mediated by T-type Ca2+ channels. BDNF reversibly and dose-dependently enhanced T-type channel currents through the activation of tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB). Antagonism of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) but not of its downstream target, the kinase AKT, abolished the BDNF-induced T-type channel response. BDNF application activated p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and this effect was prevented by inhibition of PI3K but not of protein kinase A (PKA). Antagonism of either PI3K or p38 MAPK prevented the BDNF-induced stimulation of PKA activity, whereas PKA inhibition blocked the BDNF-mediated increase in T-type currents. BDNF increased the rate of action potential firing in TG neurons and enhanced the pain sensitivity of rats to mechanical stimuli. Moreover, inhibition of TrkB signaling abolished the increased mechanical sensitivity in a rat model of chronic inflammatory pain, and this effect was attenuated by either T-type channel blockade or knockdown of the channel Cav3.2. Together, our findings indicate that BDNF enhances T-type currents through the stimulation of TrkB coupled to PI3K-p38-PKA signaling, thereby inducing neuronal hyperexcitability of TG neurons and pain hypersensitivity in rats.
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Yan T, Sun Y, Xiao F, Wu B, Bi K, He B, Jia Y. Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus inhibits behavioral deficits induced by sleep deprivation and chronic unpredictable mild stress via increased signaling of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor. Phytother Res 2019; 33:3177-3190. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tingxu Yan
- School of Functional Food and WineShenyang Pharmaceutical University Shenyang China
| | - Yingying Sun
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia MedicaShenyang Pharmaceutical University Shenyang China
| | - Feng Xiao
- School of Functional Food and WineShenyang Pharmaceutical University Shenyang China
| | - Bo Wu
- School of Functional Food and WineShenyang Pharmaceutical University Shenyang China
| | - Kaishun Bi
- School of PharmacyShenyang Pharmaceutical University Shenyang China
| | - Bosai He
- School of Functional Food and WineShenyang Pharmaceutical University Shenyang China
| | - Ying Jia
- School of Functional Food and WineShenyang Pharmaceutical University Shenyang China
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Ma R, Zhu P, Liu S, Gao B, Wang W. miR-496 suppress tumorigenesis via targeting BDNF-mediated PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in non-small cell lung cancer. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 518:273-277. [PMID: 31421833 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.08.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
microRNA-496 (miR-496) was found expressed abnormally in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). But the study about the role of miR-496 on NSCLC was not satisfactory in date. Therefore, here we designed to explore the role of miR-496 and the probable internal mechanism in tumorigenesis of NSCLC. Increasing miR-496 both in NSCLC patients and cell lines could significantly restrained cell proliferation. For farther researching the regulation mechanism of miR-496 on NSCLC, we screen Brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) as a potential target of miR-496 by bioinformatic methods and predicted a possible target of miR-496 in the 3'untranslated region (UTR) of miR-496. In clinical patients and most NSCLC cell lines including H1650, H292, H1944 and A549, increasing expression of miR-496 suppressed tumor growth via inactivating BDNF-mediated PI3K/Akt signaling pathway activation. In a word, our fingdings first represent a mechanism of miR-496 on NSCLC tumor growth via inactivating BDNF-mediated PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Ma
- Department of Integrated Medicine, Affiliated to Dongfeng Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China.
| | - Pan Zhu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China.
| | - Shu Liu
- Department of Respiratory, Huai'an Second People's Hospital and the Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Huai'an, China.
| | - Baoqin Gao
- Operating Room, Huai'an Second People's Hospital and the Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Huai'an, China.
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Oncology, Huai'an Second People's Hospital and the Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Huai'an, China.
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Liu YD, Wang ZB, Han G, Jin L, Zhao P. Hyperbaric oxygen relieves neuropathic pain through AKT/TSC2/mTOR pathway activity to induce autophagy. J Pain Res 2019; 12:443-451. [PMID: 30774414 PMCID: PMC6361320 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s189353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Our previous study suggested that HBO treatment attenuated neuropathic pain by inhibiting mTOR to induce autophagy in SNL neuropathic pain model. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of AKT/TSC2/mTOR pathway in SNL and autophagy and determine whether HBO treatment could relieve neuropathic pain via modulating AKT/TSC2/mTOR pathway. Materials and methods Rats were randomly divided into sham, SNL, SNL + HBO treatment, SNL + vehicle, and SNL + AKT inhibitor groups. Neuropathic pain was induced following SNL procedure. Rats in the SNL + HBO group received HBO treatment for 7 consecutive days beginning on postoperative day 1. The SNL + vehicle group received 10 µL of 3% dimethyl sulfoxide in saline. SNL + AKT inhibitor group received 10 µL AKT inhibitor IV intrathecally. Mechanical withdrawal threshold tests were performed to evaluate mechanical hypersensitivity. AKT, p-AKT, TSC2, mTOR, p-mTOR, and LC3-II protein expressions were examined by Western blot analysis. Results HBO reversed AKT/TSC2/mTOR upregulation induced by SNL and attenuated neuropathic pain. Intrathecal injection of AKT inhibitor IV decreased the activity of AKT/TSC2/mTOR pathway and increased LC3-II expression accompanied by analgesic effect in SNL rats. Conclusion Taken together, our findings demonstrated AKT/TSC2/mTOR pathway was activated in SNL-induced neuropathic pain, and HBO treatment attenuated neuropathic pain via neutralizing AKT/TSC2/mTOR pathway activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Da Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Management, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China,
| | - Zhi-Bin Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Management, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China,
| | - Guang Han
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Management, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China,
| | - Li Jin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Ping Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Management, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China,
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Zhao Y, Wang J, Du J, Li B, Gou X, Liu J, Hou L, Sang H, Deng B. TAT-Ngn2 Enhances Cognitive Function Recovery and Regulates Caspase-Dependent and Mitochondrial Apoptotic Pathways After Experimental Stroke. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:475. [PMID: 30618628 PMCID: PMC6302814 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurogenin-2 (Ngn2) is a basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor that contributes to the identification and specification of neuronal fate during neurogenesis. In our previous study, we found that Ngn2 plays an important role in alleviating neuronal apoptosis, which may be viewed as an attractive candidate target for the treatment of cerebral ischemia. However, novel strategies require an understanding of the function and mechanism of Ngn2 in mature hippocampal neurons after global cerebral ischemic injury. Here, we found that the expression of Ngn2 decreased in the hippocampus after global cerebral ischemic injury in mice and in primary hippocampal neurons after oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD) injury. Then, transactivator of transcription (TAT)-Ngn2, which was constructed by fusing a TAT domain to Ngn2, was effectively transported and incorporated into hippocampal neurons after intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection and enhanced cognitive functional recovery in the acute stage after reperfusion. Furthermore, TAT-Ngn2 alleviated hippocampal neuronal damage and apoptosis, and inhibited the cytochrome C (CytC) leak from the mitochondria to the cytoplasm through regulating the expression levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), phosphorylation tropomyosin-related kinase B (pTrkB), Bcl-2, Bax and cleaved caspase-3 after reperfusion injury in vivo and in vitro. These findings suggest that the downregulation of Ngn2 expression may have an important role in triggering brain injury after ischemic stroke and that the neuroprotection of TAT-Ngn2 against stroke might involve the modulation of BDNF-TrkB signaling that regulates caspase-dependent and mitochondrial apoptotic pathways, which may be an attractive therapeutic strategy for cerebral ischemic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhao
- Department of Hygienic Toxicology, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Jinling Wang
- Department of Emergency, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jiwei Du
- Department of Nursing, Xiang'an Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Baixiang Li
- Department of Hygienic Toxicology, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xingchun Gou
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders & Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiannan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Lichao Hou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiang'an Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Hanfei Sang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiang'an Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Bin Deng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiang'an Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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Actions of Brain-Derived Neurotrophin Factor in the Neurogenesis and Neuronal Function, and Its Involvement in the Pathophysiology of Brain Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19113650. [PMID: 30463271 PMCID: PMC6274766 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well known that brain-derived neurotrophic factor, BDNF, has an important role in a variety of neuronal aspects, such as differentiation, maturation, and synaptic function in the central nervous system (CNS). BDNF stimulates mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MAPK/ERK), phosphoinositide-3kinase (PI3K), and phospholipase C (PLC)-gamma pathways via activation of tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB), a high affinity receptor for BDNF. Evidence has shown significant contributions of these signaling pathways in neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity in in vivo and in vitro experiments. Importantly, it has been demonstrated that dysfunction of the BDNF/TrkB system is involved in the onset of brain diseases, including neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders. In this review, we discuss actions of BDNF and related signaling molecules on CNS neurons, and their contributions to the pathophysiology of brain diseases.
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Uric Acid Protects against Focal Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion-Induced Oxidative Stress via Activating Nrf2 and Regulating Neurotrophic Factor Expression. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:6069150. [PMID: 30581534 PMCID: PMC6276484 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6069150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate whether uric acid (UA) might exert neuroprotection via activating the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway and regulating neurotrophic factors in the cerebral cortices after transient focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (FCI/R) in rats. UA was intravenously injected through the tail vein (16 mg/kg) 30 min after the onset of reperfusion in rats subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion for 2 h. Neurological deficit score was performed to analyze neurological function at 24 h after reperfusion. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dNTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining and hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining were used to detect histological injury of the cerebral cortex. Malondialdehyde (MDA), the carbonyl groups, and 8-hydroxyl-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) levels were employed to evaluate oxidative stress. Nrf2 and its downstream antioxidant protein, heme oxygenase- (HO-) 1,were detected by western blot. Nrf2 DNA-binding activity was observed using an ELISA-based measurement. Expressions of BDNF and NGF were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Our results showed that UA treatment significantly suppressed FCI/R-induced oxidative stress, accompanied by attenuating neuronal damage, which subsequently decreased the infarct volume and neurological deficit. Further, the treatment of UA activated Nrf2 signaling pathway and upregulated BDNF and NGF expression levels. Interestingly, the aforementioned effects of UA were markedly inhibited by administration of brusatol, an inhibitor of Nrf2. Taken together, the antioxidant and neuroprotective effects afforded by UA treatment involved the modulation of Nrf2-mediated oxidative stress and regulation of BDNF and NGF expression levels. Thus, UA treatment could be of interest to prevent FCI/R injury.
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40
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Chen H, Wu X, Gu X, Zhou Y, Ye L, Zhang K, Pan H, Wang J, Wei H, Zhu B, Naman CB, Mak S, Carlier PR, Cui W, Han Y. Tacrine(10)-Hupyridone Prevents Post-operative Cognitive Dysfunction via the Activation of BDNF Pathway and the Inhibition of AChE in Aged Mice. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:396. [PMID: 30483056 PMCID: PMC6243707 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Post-operative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) could cause short-term or long-term cognitive disruption lasting weeks or months after anesthesia and surgery in elderly. However, no effective treatment of POCD is currently available. Previous studies indicated that the enhancement of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression, and the elevation the cholinergic system, might be effective to prevent POCD. In this study, we have discovered that tacrine(10)-hupyridone (A10E), a novel acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor derived from tacrine and huperzine A, could prevent surgery-induced short-term and long-term impairments of recognition and spatial cognition, as evidenced by the novel object recognition test and Morris water maze (MWM) tests, in aged mice. Moreover, A10E significantly increased the expression of BDNF and activated the downstream Akt and extracellular regulated kinase (ERK) signaling in the surgery-treated mice. Furthermore, A10E substantially enhanced choline acetyltransferase (ChAT)-positive area and decreased AChE activity, in the hippocampus regions of surgery-treated mice, indicating that A10E could prevent surgery-induced dysfunction of cholinergic system, possibly via increasing the synthesis of acetylcholine and the inhibition of AChE. In conclusion, our results suggested that A10E might prevent POCD via the activation of BDNF pathway and the inhibition of AChE, concurrently, in aged mice. These findings also provided a support that A10E might be developed as a potential drug lead for POCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huixin Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Xiang Wu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.,Department of Anesthesia, Ningbo University Medical School Affiliated Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Xinmei Gu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yiying Zhou
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Luying Ye
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Hanbo Pan
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Jialing Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Hua Wei
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Binbin Zhu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.,Department of Anesthesia, Ningbo University Medical School Affiliated Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - C Benjamin Naman
- Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin Kenneth Li Marine Biopharmaceutical Research Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Shinghung Mak
- State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology (Incubation), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Applied Biology and Chemistry Technology, Institute of Modern Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Paul R Carlier
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Wei Cui
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.,Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin Kenneth Li Marine Biopharmaceutical Research Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yifan Han
- State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology (Incubation), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Applied Biology and Chemistry Technology, Institute of Modern Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
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Zhu HF, Yan PW, Wang LJ, Liu YT, Wen J, Zhang Q, Fan YX, Luo YH. Protective properties of Huperzine A through activation Nrf2/ARE-mediated transcriptional response in X-rays radiation-induced NIH3T3 cells. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:8359-8367. [PMID: 29932247 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Huperzine A (HupA), derived from Huperzia Serrata, has exhibited a variety of biological actions, in particular neuroprotective effect. However, the protective activities of HupA on murine embryonic fibroblast NIH3T3 cells after X-rays radiation have not been fully elucidated. Herein, HupA treatment dramatically promoted cell viability, abated a G0/G1 peak accumulation, and ameliorated increase of cell apoptosis in NIH3T3 cells after X-rays radiation. Simultaneously, HupA notably enhanced activities of anti-oxidant enzymes, inhibited activity of lipid peroxide, and efficiently eliminated production of reactive oxygen species in NIH3T3 cells after X-rays radiation. Dose-dependent increase of antioxidant genes by HupA were associated with up-regulated Nrf2 and down-regulated Keap-1 expression, which was confirmed by increasing nuclear accumulation, and inhibiting of degradation of Nrf2. Notably, augmented luciferase activity of ARE may explained Nrf2/ARE-mediated signaling pathways behind HupA protective properties. Moreover, expression of Nrf2 HupA-mediated was significant attenuated by AKT inhibitor (LY294002), p38 MAPK inhibitor (SB202190) and ERK inhibitor (PD98059). Besides, HupA-mediated cell viability, and ROS production were dramatically bated by LY294002, SB202190, and PD98059. Taken together, HupA effectively ameliorated X-rays radiation-induced damage Nrf2-ARE-mediated transcriptional response via activation AKT, p38, and ERK signaling in NIH3T3 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan-Feng Zhu
- Department of Radiotherapy, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Peng-Wei Yan
- Department of Radiotherapy, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Li-Jun Wang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Ya-Tian Liu
- Department of Radiotherapy, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Jing Wen
- Department of Radiotherapy, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Yan-Xin Fan
- Department of Radiotherapy, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Yan-Hong Luo
- Department of Radiotherapy, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
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Zhu Y, Tang Q, Wang G, Han R. Tanshinone IIA Protects Hippocampal Neuronal Cells from Reactive Oxygen Species Through Changes in Autophagy and Activation of Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase, Protein Kinas B, and Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Pathways. Curr Neurovasc Res 2018; 14:132-140. [PMID: 28260507 PMCID: PMC5543574 DOI: 10.2174/1567202614666170306105315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 02/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Background: Tanshinone IIA is a key active ingredient of danshen, which is derived from the dried root or rhizome of Salviae miltiorrhizae Bge. The tanshinone IIA has protective effects against the focal cerebral ischemic injury. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Methods: An in vitro model of cerebral ischemia was established by subjecting cultures of hippocampal neuronal cells to oxygen-glucose deprivation followed by reperfusion (OGD/R). The probes of 5-(and-6)-chloromethyl-2’,7’-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate, acetyl ester (CM-H2DCFDA) and 5’,6,6’-tetrachloro-1,1’,3,3’-tetraethylbenzimidazolylcarbocyanine,iodide (JC-1) were used to determine the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Western-blot was used to detect the expression of proteins in HT-22 cells. Results: The results of cell proliferative assays showed that the tanshinone IIA attenuated OGD/R-mediated neuronal cell death, with the evidence of increased cell viability. In addition, OGD/R exposure led to increase the levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), which were significantly suppressed by tanshinone IIA treatment. Furthermore, tanshinone IIA treatment inhibited elevations in MMP and autophagy following exposure to OGD/R. Additionally, OGD/R promoted cell death with concomitant inhibiting phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt)/ mammalian target of Rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, which was reversed by tanshinone IIA. Conclusion: These results suggest that the tanshinone IIA protects against OGD/R-mediated cell death in HT-22 cells, in part, due to activating PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingchun Zhu
- Department of Neurology Disease, the Affiliated Anhui Provincial Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Qiqiang Tang
- Department of Neurology Disease, the Affiliated Anhui Provincial Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Guopin Wang
- Department of Neurology Disease, the Affiliated Anhui Provincial Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Ruodong Han
- Department of Intensive Care Division, The People's Hospital of Bozhou, Bozhou 236800, Anhui, China
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Yan YT, Li SD, Li C, Xiong YX, Lu XH, Zhou XF, Yang LQ, Pu LJ, Luo HY. Panax notoginsenoside saponins Rb1 regulates the expressions of Akt/ mTOR/PTEN signals in the hippocampus after focal cerebral ischemia in rats. Behav Brain Res 2018; 345:83-92. [PMID: 29501622 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2018.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2018] [Revised: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Panax notoginsenoside saponins Rb1 (PNS-Rb1) is an important active ingredient of panax notoginseng for effective treatment of cerebrovascular diseases. However, the mechanism underlying its actions in the state of cerebral ischemia is still unclear. We asked whether the potential neuroprotection of PNS-Rb1 on the brain is due to, at least partially, its modulation of AkT/mTOR/PTEN signalling pathway along with down-regulation of caspase-3 in rats subjected to phototrombic stroke. To test this hypothesis, rats with induced photothrombotic stroke were treated with PNS-Rb1 (applied in three different doses, 25 mg/kg, 50 mg/kg,100 mg/kg, respectively) or saline, while sham operated rats injected with saline were used as the control. Our results indicate that PNS-Rb1 significantly alleviated the morphological lesion concomitant with improvement of cognitive and sensorimotor deficits induced by ischemic stroke. Moreover, immunohistochemistry and Western blot analyses showed that PNS Rb1 in a dose dependent manner increased the expressions of P-Akt, P-mTOR and reduced P-PTEN and caspase-3. The present study suggests that the improvement of cognitive and sensorimotor deficits by PNS-Rb1 is made, at least partially, by the modulation of the Akt/mTOR/PTEN signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Tian Yan
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, PR China
| | - Shu-De Li
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Basic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, PR China
| | - Chen Li
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, PR China
| | - Yun-Xia Xiong
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, PR China
| | - Xue-Hai Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, PR China
| | - Xin-Fu Zhou
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Liu-Qing Yang
- Cardiovascular Division and Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota, MN, USA
| | - Li-Jin Pu
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, PR China.
| | - Hai-Yun Luo
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, PR China.
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Ding C, Zhang J, Li B, Ding Z, Cheng W, Gao F, Zhang Y, Xu Y, Zhang S. Cornin protects SH‑SY5Y cells against oxygen and glucose deprivation‑induced autophagy through the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. Mol Med Rep 2018; 17:87-92. [PMID: 29115424 PMCID: PMC5780167 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been reported that cornin may reduce neuronal death during cerebral ischemia; however, little is known about the molecular mechanism of the role of corninin autophagy in SH‑SY5Y neuronal cells. In the present study, oxygen‑glucose deprivation (OGD)‑treated cells were used as a cerebral ischemia model in vitro. The results demonstrated that cornin was able to reduce neuronal cell loss, increase the apoptosis regulator Bcl‑2/apoptosis regulator BAX ratio, and decrease the protein levels of caspase‑3. In addition, cornin decreased the microtubule‑associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3B (LC3)‑II/LC3‑I ratio and beclin‑1 protein expression, and resulted in an upregulation in phosphorylated (p)‑RAC‑α serine/threonine‑protein kinase (Akt), p‑protein kinase mTOR (mTOR) in OGD‑treated SH‑SY5Y cells. Additionally, it was observed that following inhibition of PI3K/Akt by LY294002, the levels of p‑Akt and p‑mTOR were markedly decreased, and the LC3‑II/LC3‑I ratio and beclin‑1 were increased. Similarly, following inhibition of mTOR by rapamycin, LC3‑II/LC3‑I and Beclin‑1 were significantly increased in SH‑SY5Y cells. These results indicated that cornin protected SH‑SY5Y cells against OGD‑induced autophagy through the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changling Ding
- Department of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong 256603, P.R. China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong 256603, P.R. China
| | - Baoyuan Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong 256603, P.R. China
| | - Zhaoxing Ding
- Department of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong 256603, P.R. China
| | - Wenna Cheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong 256603, P.R. China
| | - Fei Gao
- Department of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong 256603, P.R. China
| | - Ye Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong 256603, P.R. China
| | - Yangyang Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong 256603, P.R. China
| | - Shuping Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, P.R. China
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Mei Z, Zheng P, Tan X, Wang Y, Situ B. Huperzine A alleviates neuroinflammation, oxidative stress and improves cognitive function after repetitive traumatic brain injury. Metab Brain Dis 2017; 32:1861-1869. [PMID: 28748496 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-017-0075-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) may trigger secondary injury cascades including endoplasmic reticulum stress, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation. Unfortunately, there are no effective treatments targeting either primary or secondary injuries that result in long-term detrimental consequences. Huperzine A (HupA) is a potent acetylcholinesterase inhibitor (AChEI) that has been used treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). This study aimed to explore the neuroprotective effects of HupA in TBI and its possible mechanisms. Repetitive mild closed head injury (CHI) model was used to mimic concussive TBI. Mice were randomly assigned into three groups including sham, vehicle-treated and HupA-treated injured mice. The HupA was given at dose of 1.0 mg/kg/day and was initiated 30 min after the first injury, then administered daily for a total of 30 days. The neuronal functions including motor functions, emotion-like behaviors, learning and memory were tested. Axonal injury, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and neuroinflammation were examined as well. The results showed that injured mice treated with HupA had significant improvement in Morris water maze performance compared with vehicle-treated injured mice. HupA treatment significantly attenuated markers of neuroinflammation and oxidative stress in the injured mice. Taken together, HupA was effective in reducing neuroinflammation, oxidative stress and behavioral recovery after TBI. HupA is a promising candidate for treatment of TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengrong Mei
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510150, People's Republic of China
| | - Peiying Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510150, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangping Tan
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510150, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510150, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Situ
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510150, People's Republic of China.
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Mao XY, Jin MZ, Chen JF, Zhou HH, Jin WL. Live or let die: Neuroprotective and anti-cancer effects of nutraceutical antioxidants. Pharmacol Ther 2017; 183:137-151. [PMID: 29055715 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2017.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Diet sources are closely involved in the pathogenesis of diverse neuropsychiatric disorders and cancers, in addition to inherited factors. Currently, natural products or nutraceuticals (commonly called medical foods) are increasingly employed for adjunctive therapy of these patients. However, the potential molecular mechanisms of the nutrient efficacy remain elusive. In this review, we summarized the neuroprotective and anti-cancer mechanisms of nutraceuticals. It was concluded that the nutraceuticals exerted neuroprotection and suppressed tumor growth possibly through the differential modulations of redox homeostasis. In addition, the balance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and ROS elimination was manipulated by multiple molecular mechanisms, including cell signaling pathways, inflammation, transcriptional regulation and epigenetic modulation, which were involved in the therapeutic potential of nutraceutical antioxidants against neurological diseases and cancers. We specifically proposed that ROS scavenging was integral in the neuroprotective potential of nutraceuticals, while alternation of ROS level (either increase or decrease) or disruption of redox homeostasis (ROS addiction) constituted the anti-cancer property of these compounds. We also hypothesized that ROS-associated ferroptosis, a novel type of lipid ROS-dependent regulatory cell death, was likely to be a critical mechanism for the nutraceutical antioxidants. Targeting ferroptosis is advantageous to develop new nutraceuticals with more effective and lower adverse reactions for curing patients with neuropsychiatric diseases or carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yuan Mao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, PR China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha 410078, PR China.
| | - Ming-Zhu Jin
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, PR China
| | - Jin-Fei Chen
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210006, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, PR China.
| | - Hong-Hao Zhou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, PR China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha 410078, PR China
| | - Wei-Lin Jin
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Center for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment Instrument, Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Electronic Information and Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China; National Center for Translational Medicine, Collaborative Innovational Center for System Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an 710021, PR China.
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Na EJ, Nam HY, Park J, Chung MA, Woo HA, Kim HJ. PI3K-mTOR-S6K Signaling Mediates Neuronal Viability via Collapsin Response Mediator Protein-2 Expression. Front Mol Neurosci 2017; 10:288. [PMID: 28966575 PMCID: PMC5605571 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Collapsin response mediator protein (CRMP)-2 and the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling pathway are associated with common physiological functions such as neuronal polarity, axonal outgrowth and synaptic strength, as well as various brain disorders including epilepsy. But, their regulatory and functional links are unclear. Alterations in CRMP-2 expression that lead to its functional changes are implicated in brain disorders such as epilepsy. Here, we investigate whether changes in CRMP-2 expression, possibly regulated by mTOR-related signaling, correlates with neuronal growth and viability. Inhibition of mTOR and/or phosphoinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) led to deceased p-S6K, and p-S6 signals also reduced CRMP-2 expression. These changes corresponded to inhibition of neuronal viability and proliferation in cultured hippocampal HT-22 cells under both basal serum-free and serum- or insulin-induced mTOR pathway-activated conditions. CRMP-2 expression tended to be increased by mTOR activation, indicated by an increase in p-S6/S6 level, in pentylentetrazole (PTZ)-induced epileptic rat hippocampal tissues was also significantly reduced by mTOR inhibition. Knockdown of CRMP-2 by si-RNA reduced the neuronal viability without changes in mTOR signaling, and overexpression of CRMP-2 recovered the glutamate-induced neurotoxicity and decrease of mTOR signaling in HT-22 cells. In conclusion, CRMP-2 protein expression controlled by the PI3K-mTOR-S6K signaling axis exerts its important functional roles in neuronal growth and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun J Na
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans UniversitySeoul, South Korea
| | - Hye Yeon Nam
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans UniversitySeoul, South Korea
| | - Jiyoung Park
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans UniversitySeoul, South Korea
| | - Myung Ah Chung
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans UniversitySeoul, South Korea
| | - Hyun Ae Woo
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans UniversitySeoul, South Korea
| | - Hwa-Jung Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans UniversitySeoul, South Korea
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Song D, Diao J, Yang Y, Chen Y. MicroRNA‑382 inhibits cell proliferation and invasion of retinoblastoma by targeting BDNF‑mediated PI3K/AKT signalling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:6428-6436. [PMID: 28901408 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
It has previously been demonstrated that multiple microRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) are aberrantly expressed in retinoblastoma (RB) and contribute to RB initiation and progression. miR‑382 has been revealed to be aberrantly expressed and therefore exhibits a key role in the progression of various types of cancer. However, the expression pattern, functional roles and underlying molecular mechanism of miR‑382 in RB remain unknown. The present study investigated the expression levels of miR‑382 and its effects on RB cells and the underlying regulatory mechanism of its action. It was demonstrated that miR‑382 was downregulated in RB tissues and cell lines. Upregulation of miR‑382 inhibited RB cell proliferation and invasion in vitro. Additionally, brain‑derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) was identified as a novel target of miR‑382 in RB. BDNF was upregulated in RB tissues and negatively associated with miR‑382 expression levels. Furthermore, BDNF overexpression rescued the tumour‑suppressing effects on RB cells induced by miR‑382. miR‑382 inactivated the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT) signalling pathway in RB. These findings suggested that miR‑382 serves as a tumour suppressor in RB, in part, by targeting the BDNF‑mediated PI3K/AKT signalling pathway. The results of the present study suggest a potential therapeutic strategy for treating RB patients in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Song
- Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 102218, P.R. China
| | - Jiandong Diao
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, China‑Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
| | - Yongjing Yang
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Jilin Cancer Hospital, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P.R. China
| | - Yahong Chen
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, China‑Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
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Brossaud J, Roumes H, Helbling JC, Moisan MP, Pallet V, Ferreira G, Biyong EF, Redonnet A, Corcuff JB. Retinoic acid increases glucocorticoid receptor phosphorylation via cyclin-dependent kinase 5. Mol Cell Neurosci 2017; 82:96-104. [PMID: 28477983 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoid receptor (GR) function is modulated by phosphorylation. As retinoic acid (RA) can activate some cytoplasmic kinases able to phosphorylate GR, we investigated whether RA could modulate GR phosphorylation in neuronal cells in a context of long-term glucocorticoid exposure. A 4-day treatment of dexamethasone (Dex) plus RA, showed that RA potentiated the (Dex)-induced phosphorylation on GR Serine 220 (pSer220GR) in the nucleus of a hippocampal HT22 cell line. This treatment increased the cytoplasmic ratio of p35/p25 proteins, which are major CDK5 cofactors. Roscovitine, a pharmacological CDK5 inhibitor, or a siRNA against CDK5 prevented RA potentiation of GR phosphorylation. Furthermore, roscovitine counter-acted the effect of RA on GR sensitive target proteins such as BDNF or tissue-transglutaminase. These data help understanding the interaction between RA- and glucocorticoid-signalling pathways, both of which have strong influences on the adult brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Brossaud
- INRA, Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, UMR 1286, F-33076 Bordeaux, France; Departments of Nuclear Medicine University Hospital and University of Bordeaux, France.
| | - Hélène Roumes
- INRA, Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, UMR 1286, F-33076 Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Marie-Pierre Moisan
- INRA, Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, UMR 1286, F-33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Véronique Pallet
- INRA, Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, UMR 1286, F-33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Guillaume Ferreira
- INRA, Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, UMR 1286, F-33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Essi-Fanny Biyong
- INRA, Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, UMR 1286, F-33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Anabelle Redonnet
- INRA, Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, UMR 1286, F-33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Jean-Benoît Corcuff
- INRA, Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, UMR 1286, F-33076 Bordeaux, France; Departments of Nuclear Medicine University Hospital and University of Bordeaux, France
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Tao LX, Huang XT, Chen YT, Tang XC, Zhang HY. Acetylcholinesterase-independent protective effects of huperzine A against iron overload-induced oxidative damage and aberrant iron metabolism signaling in rat cortical neurons. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2016; 37:1391-1400. [PMID: 27498774 PMCID: PMC5099413 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2016.78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Iron dyshomeostasis is one of the primary causes of neuronal death in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Huperzine A (HupA), a natural inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), is a licensed anti-AD drug in China and a nutraceutical in the United Sates. Here, we investigated the protective effects of HupA against iron overload-induced injury in neurons. METHODS Rat cortical neurons were treated with ferric ammonium citrate (FAC), and cell viability was assessed with MTT assays. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) assays and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) assays were performed to assess mitochondrial function. The labile iron pool (LIP) level, cytosolic-aconitase (c-aconitase) activity and iron uptake protein expression were measured to determine iron metabolism changes. The modified Ellman's method was used to evaluate AChE activity. RESULTS HupA significantly attenuated the iron overload-induced decrease in neuronal cell viability. This neuroprotective effect of HupA occurred concurrently with a decrease in ROS and an increase in ATP. Moreover, HupA treatment significantly blocked the upregulation of the LIP level and other aberrant iron metabolism changes induced by iron overload. Additionally, another specific AChE inhibitor, donepezil (Don), at a concentration that caused AChE inhibition equivalent to that of HupA negatively, influenced the aberrant changes in ROS, ATP or LIP that were induced by excessive iron. CONCLUSION We provide the first demonstration of the protective effects of HupA against iron overload-induced neuronal damage. This beneficial role of HupA may be attributed to its attenuation of oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction and elevation of LIP, and these effects are not associated with its AChE-inhibiting effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-xue Tao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xiao-tian Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yu-ting Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xi-can Tang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hai-yan Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
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