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Razavi SM, Khayatan D, Najafi Arab Z, Hosseini Y, Khanahmadi M, Momtaz S, Jamialahmadi T, Johnston TP, Abdolghaffari AH, Sahebkar A. Protective effects of curcumin against spinal cord injury. JOR Spine 2024; 7:e1364. [PMID: 39144499 PMCID: PMC11322827 DOI: 10.1002/jsp2.1364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 07/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background In parallel with population aging, the prevalence of neurological and neurodegenerative diseases has been dramatically increasing over the past few decades. Neurodegenerative diseases reduce the quality of life of patients and impose a high cost on the health system. These slowly progressive diseases can cause functional, perceptual, and behavioral deficits in patients. Therefore, neurodegenerative impairments have always been an interesting subject for scientists and clinicians. One of these diseases is spinal cord injury (SCI). SCI can lead to irreversible damage and is classified into two main subtypes: traumatic and non-traumatic, each with very different pathophysiological features. Aims This review aims to gather relevant information about the beneficial effects of curcumin (Cur), with specific emphasis on its anti-inflammatory properties towards spinal cord injury (SCI) patients. Materials & Methods The review collates data from extensive in-vitro, in-vivo, and clinical trials documenting the effects of CUR on SCI. It examines the modulation of pathophysiological pathways and regulation of the inflammatory cascades after CUR administration. Results Various pathophysiological processes involving the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB), and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) signaling pathways have been suggested to exacerbate damages resulting from SCI. CUR administration showed to modulate these signaling pathways which lead to attenuation of SCI complications. Discussion Anti-inflammatory compounds, particularly CUR, can modulate these pathophysiological pathways and regulate the inflammatory cascades. CUR, a well-known natural product with significant anti-inflammatory effects, has been extensively documented in experimental and clinical trials. Conclusion Curcumin's potential to alter key steps in the Nrf2, NF-kB, and TGF-β signaling pathways suggests that it may play a role in attenuating SCI complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Mehrad Razavi
- Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical SciencesIslamic Azad UniversityTehranIran
- GI Pharmacology Interest Group (GPIG)Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN)TehranIran
| | - Danial Khayatan
- Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical SciencesIslamic Azad UniversityTehranIran
- GI Pharmacology Interest Group (GPIG)Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN)TehranIran
| | - Zahra Najafi Arab
- Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical SciencesIslamic Azad UniversityTehranIran
- GI Pharmacology Interest Group (GPIG)Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN)TehranIran
| | - Yasamin Hosseini
- Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical SciencesIslamic Azad UniversityTehranIran
- GI Pharmacology Interest Group (GPIG)Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN)TehranIran
| | - Maryam Khanahmadi
- Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical SciencesIslamic Azad UniversityTehranIran
- GI Pharmacology Interest Group (GPIG)Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN)TehranIran
| | - Saeideh Momtaz
- Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical SciencesIslamic Azad UniversityTehranIran
- GI Pharmacology Interest Group (GPIG)Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN)TehranIran
| | - Tannaz Jamialahmadi
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
- Medical Toxicology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
| | - Thomas P. Johnston
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical SciencesSchool of Pharmacy, University of Missouri‐Kansas CityKansas CityMissouriUSA
| | - Amir Hossein Abdolghaffari
- Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical SciencesIslamic Azad UniversityTehranIran
- GI Pharmacology Interest Group (GPIG)Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN)TehranIran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
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Navabi SP, Badreh F, Khombi Shooshtari M, Hajipour S, Moradi Vastegani S, Khoshnam SE. Microglia-induced neuroinflammation in hippocampal neurogenesis following traumatic brain injury. Heliyon 2024; 10:e35869. [PMID: 39220913 PMCID: PMC11365414 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e35869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the most causes of death and disability among people, leading to a wide range of neurological deficits. The important process of neurogenesis in the hippocampus, which includes the production, maturation and integration of new neurons, is affected by TBI due to microglia activation and the inflammatory response. During brain development, microglia are involved in forming or removing synapses, regulating the number of neurons, and repairing damage. However, in response to injury, activated microglia release a variety of pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines and other neurotoxic mediators that exacerbate post-TBI injury. These microglia-related changes can negatively affect hippocampal neurogenesis and disrupt learning and memory processes. To date, the intracellular signaling pathways that trigger microglia activation following TBI, as well as the effects of microglia on hippocampal neurogenesis, are poorly understood. In this review article, we discuss the effects of microglia-induced neuroinflammation on hippocampal neurogenesis following TBI, as well as the intracellular signaling pathways of microglia activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyedeh Parisa Navabi
- Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | | | - Maryam Khombi Shooshtari
- Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Somayeh Hajipour
- Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Sadegh Moradi Vastegani
- Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Seyed Esmaeil Khoshnam
- Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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Zhang D, Jiang L, Yu F, Yan P, Liu Y, Wu Y, Yang X. PepT1-targeted nanodrug based on co-assembly of anti-inflammatory peptide and immunosuppressant for combined treatment of acute and chronic DSS-induced ColitiS. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1442876. [PMID: 39211778 PMCID: PMC11357942 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1442876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), as a chronic and recurrent inflammatory bowel diseases with limited therapeutic outcomes, is characterized by immune disorders and intestinal barrier dysfunction. Currently, the most medications used to cure IBD in clinic just temporarily induce and maintain remission with poor response rates and limited outcomes. Therefore, it is urgently necessary to develop an appropriate therapeutic candidate with preferable efficacy and less adverse reaction for curing IBD. Methods Five groups of mice were utilized: control that received saline, DSS group (mice received 2.5% DSS or 4% DSS), KPV group (mice received KPV), FK506 group (mice received FK506) and NPs groups (mice received NPs). The effect of NP on the inflammatory factors of macrophage was evaluated using CCK-8, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR), Elisa and Western blot (WB). Immunofluorescent staining revealed the targeting relationship between NP and Petp-1. Immunohistochemistry staining showed the effect of NP on tight junction proteins. Moreover, in vivo animal experiments confirmed that NPs reduced inflammatory levels in IBD. Results and Discussion After administering with NPs, mice with DSS-induced acute or chronic colitis exhibited significant improvement in body weight, colon length, and disease activity index, decreased the level of the factors associated with oxidative stress (MPO, NO and ROS) and the inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6), which implied that NPs could ameliorate murine colitis effectively. Furthermore, treating by NPs revealed a notable reduction of the expressions of CD68 and CD3, restoring the expression levels of tight junction proteins (Claudin-5, Occludin-1, and ZO-1) were significantly restored, surpassing those observed in the KPV and FK506 groups. which indicated that NPs can reduce inflammation and enhance epithelial barrier integrity by decreasing the infiltration of macrophages and T-lymphocytes. Collectively, those results demonstrated the effectively therapeutic outcome after using NPs in both acute and chronic colitis, suggesting that the newly co-assembled of NPs can be as a potential therapeutic candidate for colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daifang Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Longqi Jiang
- Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Fengxu Yu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Pijun Yan
- Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education & Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province (Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases), Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Ya Wu
- Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education & Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province (Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases), Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xi Yang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education & Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province (Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases), Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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Ding Y, Chen Q. Recent advances on signaling pathways and their inhibitors in spinal cord injury. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 176:116938. [PMID: 38878684 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a serious and disabling central nervous system injury. Its complex pathological mechanism can lead to sensory and motor dysfunction. It has been reported that signaling pathway plays a key role in the pathological process and neuronal recovery mechanism of SCI. Such as PI3K/Akt, MAPK, NF-κB, and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways. According to reports, various stimuli and cytokines activate these signaling pathways related to SCI pathology, thereby participating in the regulation of pathological processes such as inflammation response, cell apoptosis, oxidative stress, and glial scar formation after injury. Activation or inhibition of relevant pathways can delay inflammatory response, reduce neuronal apoptosis, prevent glial scar formation, improve the microenvironment after SCI, and promote neural function recovery. Based on the role of signaling pathways in SCI, they may be potential targets for the treatment of SCI. Therefore, understanding the signaling pathway and its inhibitors may be beneficial to the development of SCI therapeutic targets and new drugs. This paper mainly summarizes the pathophysiological process of SCI, the signaling pathways involved in SCI pathogenesis, and the potential role of specific inhibitors/activators in its treatment. In addition, this review also discusses the deficiencies and defects of signaling pathways in SCI research. It is hoped that this study can provide reference for future research on signaling pathways in the pathogenesis of SCI and provide theoretical basis for SCI biotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Ding
- Department of Spine Surgery, Ganzhou People's Hospital,16 Meiguan Avenue, Ganzhou, Jiangxi Province 341000, PR China; Department of Spine Surgery, The Affiliated Ganzhou Hospital of Nanchang University (Ganzhou Hospital-Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University),16 Meiguan Avenue, Ganzhou, Jiangxi Province 341000, PR China
| | - Qin Chen
- Department of Spine Surgery, Ganzhou People's Hospital,16 Meiguan Avenue, Ganzhou, Jiangxi Province 341000, PR China; Department of Spine Surgery, The Affiliated Ganzhou Hospital of Nanchang University (Ganzhou Hospital-Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University),16 Meiguan Avenue, Ganzhou, Jiangxi Province 341000, PR China.
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He W, Li ZQ, Gu HY, Pan QL, Lin FX. Targeted Therapy of Spinal Cord Injury: Inhibition of Apoptosis Is a Promising Therapeutic Strategy. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:4222-4239. [PMID: 38066400 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03814-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a serious disabling central nervous system injury that can lead to motor, sensory, and autonomic dysfunction below the injury level. SCI can be divided into primary injury and secondary injury according to pathological process. Primary injury is mostly irreversible, while secondary injury is a dynamic regulatory process. Apoptosis is an important pathological event of secondary injury and has a significant effect on the recovery of nerve function after SCI. Nerve cell death can further aggravate the microenvironment of the injured site, leading to neurological dysfunction and thus affect the clinical outcome of patients. Therefore, apoptosis plays a crucial role in the pathological progression of secondary SCI, while inhibiting apoptosis may be a promising therapeutic strategy for SCI. This review will summarize and explore the factors that lead to cell death after SCI, the influence of cross talk between signaling pathways and pathways involved in apoptosis and discuss the influence of apoptosis on SCI, and the therapeutic significance of targeting apoptosis on SCI. This review helps us to understand the role of apoptosis in secondary SCI and provides a theoretical basis for the treatment of SCI based on apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei He
- Department of Spine Surgery, Ganzhou People's Hospital, Jiangxi Province, 16 Meiguan Avenue, Ganzhou, 341000, People's Republic of China
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Affiliated Ganzhou Hospital of Nanchang University (Ganzhou Hospital-Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University), Jiangxi Province, 16 Meiguan Avenue, Ganzhou, 341000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Li
- Department of Spine Surgery, Ganzhou People's Hospital, Jiangxi Province, 16 Meiguan Avenue, Ganzhou, 341000, People's Republic of China
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Affiliated Ganzhou Hospital of Nanchang University (Ganzhou Hospital-Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University), Jiangxi Province, 16 Meiguan Avenue, Ganzhou, 341000, People's Republic of China
| | - Hou-Yun Gu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Ganzhou People's Hospital, Jiangxi Province, 16 Meiguan Avenue, Ganzhou, 341000, People's Republic of China
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Affiliated Ganzhou Hospital of Nanchang University (Ganzhou Hospital-Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University), Jiangxi Province, 16 Meiguan Avenue, Ganzhou, 341000, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi-Lin Pan
- Department of Spine Surgery, Ganzhou People's Hospital, Jiangxi Province, 16 Meiguan Avenue, Ganzhou, 341000, People's Republic of China
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Affiliated Ganzhou Hospital of Nanchang University (Ganzhou Hospital-Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University), Jiangxi Province, 16 Meiguan Avenue, Ganzhou, 341000, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei-Xiang Lin
- Department of Spine Surgery, Ganzhou People's Hospital, Jiangxi Province, 16 Meiguan Avenue, Ganzhou, 341000, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Affiliated Ganzhou Hospital of Nanchang University (Ganzhou Hospital-Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University), Jiangxi Province, 16 Meiguan Avenue, Ganzhou, 341000, People's Republic of China.
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Wu J, Lin F, Chen B. Daphnoretin inhibited SCI-induced inflammation and activation of NF-κB pathway in spinal dorsal horn. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:9680-9691. [PMID: 38843384 PMCID: PMC11210226 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating disease for which there is no safe and effective treatment at present. Daphnoretin is a natural discoumarin compound isolated from Wikstroemia indica with various pharmacological activities. Our study aimed to investigate the role of Daphnoretin in NF-κB pathway activation and inflammatory response after SCI. METHODS A mouse SCI model was constructed, and the Basso Mouse Scale Score and subscore were used to evaluate the effect of Daphnoretin on the movement capacity of mice. The effect of Daphnoretin on the activation of glial cells in the mouse model and BV2 cells was observed by immunofluorescence. PCR and ELISA were used to detect the expression of inflammatory factors, and Western blot was performed to detect the protein expression associated with NF-κB pathway. RESULTS Daphnoretin inhibited the loss of movement ability and the activation of glial cells in mice after SCI, and it also inhibited the activation of NF-κB pathway and the expression of inflammatory factors TNF-α and IL-1β in vivo and in vitro. CONCLUSIONS Daphnoretin can inhibit the activation of NF-κB pathway and the inflammatory response induced by SCI. Our study demonstrates the potential of Daphnoretin on clinical application for the treatment of SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiazhang Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Fuzhou Second General Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350007, China
- Department of Orthopaedics, Fuzhou Second Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Fuzhou 350007, China
- Fujian Provincial Clinical Medical Research Center for First Aid and Rehabilitation in Orthopaedic Trauma, Fuzhou Trauma Medical Center, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Fengfei Lin
- Department of Orthopaedics, Fuzhou Second General Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350007, China
- Department of Orthopaedics, Fuzhou Second Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Fuzhou 350007, China
- Fujian Provincial Clinical Medical Research Center for First Aid and Rehabilitation in Orthopaedic Trauma, Fuzhou Trauma Medical Center, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Bin Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Fuzhou Second General Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350007, China
- Department of Orthopaedics, Fuzhou Second Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Fuzhou 350007, China
- Fujian Provincial Clinical Medical Research Center for First Aid and Rehabilitation in Orthopaedic Trauma, Fuzhou Trauma Medical Center, Fuzhou 350007, China
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Zhang H, Xiang L, Yuan H, Yu H. PTPRO inhibition ameliorates spinal cord injury through shifting microglial M1/M2 polarization via the NF-κB/STAT6 signaling pathway. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:167141. [PMID: 38565385 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) induces severe neuroinflammation, and subsequently neurological dysfunction. Activated microglia are critical for modulation of neuroinflammation. Protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type O (PTPRO), a member of protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs), exerts a pro-inflammatory role in multiple human diseases; however, its role in SCI remains unclarified. Here, a T7 spinal cord compression injury model was established in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats, and PTPRO expression was upregulated in injured spinal cord and microglia after SCI. Microglia M1 and M2 polarization in vitro were induced using LPS/IFN-γ and IL-4, respectively. PTPRO expression was elevated in M1-polarized microglia, and PTPRO downregulation mediated by PTPRO shRNA (shPTPRO) decreased CD86+ cell proportion, iNOS, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 levels, and p65 phosphorylation. PTPRO was downregulated in M2 microglia, and PTPRO upregulation by PTPRO overexpression plasmid (OE-PTPRO) reduced CD206+ cell percentage, Arg-1, IL-10, and TGF-β1 levels and STAT6 phosphorylation. Mechanistically, the transcription factor SOX4 elevated PTPRO expression and its promoter activity. SOX4 overexpression enhanced M1 polarization and p65 phosphorylation, while its knockdown promoted M2 polarization and STAT6 phosphorylation. PTPRO might mediate the function of SOX4 in BV2 microglia polarization. Furthermore, lentivirus-mediated downregulation of PTPRO following SCI improved locomotor functional recovery, demonstrated by elevated BBB scores, incline angle, consistent hindlimb coordination, and reduced lesion area and neuronal apoptosis. PTPRO downregulation promoted microglia M2 polarization, NF-κB inactivation and STAT6 activation after injury. In conclusion, PTPRO inhibition improves spinal cord injury through facilitating M2 microglia polarization via the NF-κB/STAT6 signaling pathway, which is probably controlled by SOX4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haocong Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, No. 83 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, China
| | - Liangbi Xiang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, No. 83 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, China
| | - Hong Yuan
- Department of Orthopaedics, The General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, No. 83 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, China
| | - Hailong Yu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, No. 83 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, China.
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Yang S, Bao J, Shi R, Liu L, Wang Y, Hong X, Wu X. Bioinformatics-based diagnosis and evaluation of several pivotal genes and pathways associated with immune infiltration at different time points in spinal cord injury. Biotechnol Genet Eng Rev 2024; 40:65-91. [PMID: 36841940 DOI: 10.1080/02648725.2023.2178970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) is a devastating neurological event. To assess the degree of spinal cord damage and classify the injury, it is recommended to use the 2019 version of the AIS standard. The severity of trauma was evaluated using the Trauma Severity Score, and various classification systems have been proposed for injuries at different parts and segments of the spine. Understanding the regulated signaling pathways and immune processes following SCI can lead to a better understanding of SCI-induced biomarkers and their underlying mechanisms. In this study, two gene expression datasets (GSE464 and GSE45006) from the Gene Expression Omnibus database were utilized. Differential gene expression and co-expression network analysis were performed, revealing 370 shared genes in the 3-day group and 111 shared genes in the 14-day group after SCI. The study used functional enrichment analysis methods such as Gene Set Enrichment Analysis, Gene Ontology, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes. The ssGSEA method was used to assess the levels and composition of immune infiltration in both the sham (control) and SCI groups. The single-cell transcriptomics dataset GSE182803 was analyzed to identify genes associated with immune marker cells. Four key genes (Ptgs2, Fn1, Ccl2, and Icam1) were identified in the 3-day group, while only one gene (Cyp51) was identified in the 14-day group after SCI. The findings offer significant insights into the immune-related genes and signaling pathways involved in secondary SCI at different time points and hold potential for the development of intervention strategies for acute and chronic post-SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Yang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Junping Bao
- Department of Spine Surgery, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rui Shi
- Department of Spine Surgery, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuntao Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xin Hong
- Department of Spine Surgery, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaotao Wu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Han X, Zhang M, Yan L, Fu Y, Kou H, Shang C, Wang J, Liu H, Jiang C, Wang J, Cheng T. Role of dendritic cells in spinal cord injury. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14593. [PMID: 38528832 PMCID: PMC10964036 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation can worsen spinal cord injury (SCI), with dendritic cells (DCs) playing a crucial role in the inflammatory response. They mediate T lymphocyte differentiation, activate microglia, and release cytokines like NT-3. Moreover, DCs can promote neural stem cell survival and guide them toward neuron differentiation, positively impacting SCI outcomes. OBJECTIVE This review aims to summarize the role of DCs in SCI-related inflammation and identify potential therapeutic targets for treating SCI. METHODS Literature in PubMed and Web of Science was reviewed using critical terms related to DCs and SCI. RESULTS The study indicates that DCs can activate microglia and astrocytes, promote T-cell differentiation, increase neurotrophin release at the injury site, and subsequently reduce secondary brain injury and enhance functional recovery in the spinal cord. CONCLUSIONS This review highlights the repair mechanisms of DCs and their potential therapeutic potential for SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaonan Han
- Department of OrthopaedicsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina
| | - Mingkang Zhang
- Department of OrthopaedicsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina
| | - Liyan Yan
- Department of OrthopaedicsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina
| | - Yikun Fu
- Department of OrthopaedicsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina
| | - Hongwei Kou
- Department of OrthopaedicsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina
| | - Chunfeng Shang
- Department of OrthopaedicsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina
| | - Junmin Wang
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical SciencesZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina
| | - Hongjian Liu
- Department of OrthopaedicsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina
| | - Chao Jiang
- Department of NeurologyThe Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical SciencesZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina
| | - Tian Cheng
- Department of OrthopaedicsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina
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Nezhad Salari AM, Rasoulizadeh Z, Shabgah AG, Vakili-Ghartavol R, Sargazi G, Gholizadeh Navashenaq J. Exploring the mechanisms of kaempferol in neuroprotection: Implications for neurological disorders. Cell Biochem Funct 2024; 42:e3964. [PMID: 38439154 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Kaempferol, a flavonoid compound found in various fruits, vegetables, and medicinal plants, has garnered increasing attention due to its potential neuroprotective effects in neurological diseases. This research examines the existing literature concerning the involvement of kaempferol in neurological diseases, including stroke, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, neuroblastoma/glioblastoma, spinal cord injury, neuropathic pain, and epilepsy. Numerous in vitro and in vivo investigations have illustrated that kaempferol possesses antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic properties, contributing to its neuroprotective effects. Kaempferol has been shown to modulate key signaling pathways involved in neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation, such as the PI3K/Akt, MAPK/ERK, and NF-κB pathways. Moreover, kaempferol exhibits potential therapeutic benefits by enhancing neuronal survival, attenuating oxidative stress, enhancing mitochondrial calcium channel activity, reducing neuroinflammation, promoting neurogenesis, and improving cognitive function. The evidence suggests that kaempferol holds promise as a natural compound for the prevention and treatment of neurological diseases. Further research is warranted to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of action, optimize dosage regimens, and evaluate the safety and efficacy of this intervention in human clinical trials, thereby contributing to the advancement of scientific knowledge in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zahra Rasoulizadeh
- Student Research Committee, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran
| | | | - Roghayyeh Vakili-Ghartavol
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ghasem Sargazi
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran
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11
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Kocanci FG, Goksu AY. Anti-inflammatory and antioxidative actions of tacrolimus (FK506) on human microglial HMC3 cell line. Scand J Immunol 2024; 99:e13339. [PMID: 38441214 DOI: 10.1111/sji.13339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Microglial cells are indispensable for the normal development and functioning of neurons in the central nervous system, where they play a crucial role in maintaining brain homeostasis by surveilling the microenvironment for signs of injury or stress and responding accordingly. However, in neurodegenerative diseases, the density and phenotypes of microglial cells undergo changes, leading to chronic activation and inflammation. Shifting the focus from neurons to microglia in drug discovery for neurodegenerative diseases has become an important therapeutic target. This study was aimed to investigate the potential of Tacrolimus (FK506) an FDA-approved calcineurin inhibitor, to modulate the pathology of neurodegenerative diseases through anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects on microglial activation. The human microglia clone 3 (HMC3) cells were exposed to 1 μg/mL LPS in the presence and absence of doses of FK506. Survival rates of cells were determined using the 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide (MTT) method. Morphological evaluation of cells showed that FK506 restored the normal morphology of activated microglia. Furthermore, FK506 treatment increases the total antioxidant capacity and reduces the total oxidative capacity, indicating its potential antioxidant effects. Data from ELISA and RT-PCR analyses showed that LPS abolished its promoting effects on the release of proinflammatory IL-1β and IL-6 cytokines in HMC3 cells, reflecting the anti-inflammatory effect of FK506. These findings support the idea that FK506 could be a promising therapeutic agent for neurodegenerative diseases by modulating microglial activation and reducing inflammation and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Gonca Kocanci
- Department of Medical Laboratory Techniques, Vocational High School of Health Services, Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University, Alanya, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Azize Yasemin Goksu
- Department of Gene and Cell Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
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12
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Yin Z, Wan B, Gong G, Yin J. ROS: Executioner of regulating cell death in spinal cord injury. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1330678. [PMID: 38322262 PMCID: PMC10844444 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1330678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
The damage to the central nervous system and dysfunction of the body caused by spinal cord injury (SCI) are extremely severe. The pathological process of SCI is accompanied by inflammation and injury to nerve cells. Current evidence suggests that oxidative stress, resulting from an increase in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and an imbalance in its clearance, plays a significant role in the secondary damage during SCI. The transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a crucial regulatory molecule for cellular redox. This review summarizes recent advancements in the regulation of ROS-Nrf2 signaling and focuses on the interaction between ROS and the regulation of different modes of neuronal cell death after SCI, such as apoptosis, autophagy, pyroptosis, and ferroptosis. Furthermore, we highlight the pathways through which materials science, including exosomes, hydrogels, and nanomaterials, can alleviate SCI by modulating ROS production and clearance. This review provides valuable insights and directions for reducing neuronal cell death and alleviating SCI through the regulation of ROS and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyang Yin
- Department of Orthopedics, the Affiliated Lianyungang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University (The First People’s Hospital of Lianyungang), Lianyungang, China
| | - Bowen Wan
- Department of Orthopedics, Northern Jiangsu People’s Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University/Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Ge Gong
- Department of Geriatrics, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jian Yin
- Department of Orthopedics, the Affiliated Jiangning Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Jiangning Clinical Teaching Hospitals of Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Nanjing, China
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13
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Xu Y, Yang Y, Chen X, Jiang D, Zhang F, Guo Y, Hu B, Xu G, Peng S, Wu L, Hu J. NLRP3 inflammasome in cognitive impairment and pharmacological properties of its inhibitors. Transl Neurodegener 2023; 12:49. [PMID: 37915104 PMCID: PMC10621314 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-023-00381-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cognitive impairment is a multifactorial and multi-step pathological process that places a heavy burden on patients and the society. Neuroinflammation is one of the main factors leading to cognitive impairment. The inflammasomes are multi-protein complexes that respond to various microorganisms and endogenous danger signals, helping to initiate innate protective responses in inflammatory diseases. NLRP3 inflammasomes produce proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin IL-1β and IL-18) by activating caspase-1. In this review, we comprehensively describe the structure and functions of the NLRP3 inflammasome. We also explore the intrinsic relationship between the NLRP3 inflammasome and cognitive impairment, which involves immune cell activation, cell apoptosis, oxidative stress, mitochondrial autophagy, and neuroinflammation. Finally, we describe NLRP3 inflammasome antagonists as targeted therapies to improve cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Department of the Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Yanling Yang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Department of the Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Danling Jiang
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Fei Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Yao Guo
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Bin Hu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Guohai Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Shengliang Peng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China.
| | - Lidong Wu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China.
| | - Jialing Hu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China.
- Department of Thyroid and Hernia Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China.
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14
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Stallings NR, O'Neal MA, Hu J, Shen ZJ, Malter JS. Long-term normalization of calcineurin activity in model mice rescues Pin1 and attenuates Alzheimer's phenotypes without blocking peripheral T cell IL-2 response. Alzheimers Res Ther 2023; 15:179. [PMID: 37849016 PMCID: PMC10580561 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-023-01323-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current treatments for Alzheimer's disease (AD) have largely failed to yield significant therapeutic benefits. Novel approaches are desperately needed to help address this immense public health issue. Data suggests that early intervention at the first stages of mild cognitive impairment may have a greater chance for success. The calcineurin (CN)-Pin1 signaling cascade can be selectively targeted with tacrolimus (FK506), a highly specific, FDA-approved CN inhibitor used safely for > 20 years in solid organ transplant recipients. AD prevalence was significantly reduced in solid organ recipients treated with FK506. METHODS Time release pellets were used to deliver constant FK506 dosage to APP/PS1 mice without deleterious manipulation or handling. Immunofluorescence, histology, molecular biology, and behavior were used to evaluate changes in AD pathology. RESULTS FK506 can be safely and consistently delivered into juvenile APP/PS1 mice via time-release pellets to levels roughly seen in transplant patients, leading to the normalization of CN activity and reduction or elimination of AD pathologies including synapse loss, neuroinflammation, and cognitive impairment. Pin1 activity and function were rescued despite the continuing presence of high levels of transgenic Aβ42. Indicators of neuroinflammation including Iba1 positivity and IL-6 production were also reduced to normal levels. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) obtained during treatment or splenocytes isolated at euthanasia activated normally after mitogens. CONCLUSIONS Low-dose, constant FK506 can normalize CNS CN and Pin1 activity, suppress neuroinflammation, and attenuate AD-associated pathology without blocking peripheral IL-2 responses making repurposed FK506 a viable option for early, therapeutic intervention in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy R Stallings
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Melissa A O'Neal
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Jie Hu
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Zhong-Jian Shen
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - James S Malter
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
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15
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Ding Y, Chen Q. The NF-κB Pathway: a Focus on Inflammatory Responses in Spinal Cord Injury. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:5292-5308. [PMID: 37286724 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03411-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a type of central nervous system trauma that can lead to severe nerve injury. Inflammatory reaction after injury is an important pathological process leading to secondary injury. Long-term stimulation of inflammation can further deteriorate the microenvironment of the injured site, leading to the deterioration of neural function. Understanding the signaling pathways that regulate responses after SCI, especially inflammatory responses, is critical for the development of new therapeutic targets and approaches. Nuclear transfer factor-κB (NF-κB) has long been recognized as a key factor in regulating inflammatory responses. The NF-κB pathway is closely related to the pathological process of SCI. Inhibition of this pathway can improve the inflammatory microenvironment and promote the recovery of neural function after SCI. Therefore, the NF-κB pathway may be a potential therapeutic target for SCI. This article reviews the mechanism of inflammatory response after SCI and the characteristics of NF-κB pathway, emphasizing the effect of inhibiting NF-κB on the inflammatory response of SCI to provide a theoretical basis for the biological treatment of SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Ding
- Department of Spine Surgery, Ganzhou People's Hospital, 16 Meiguan Avenue, Ganzhou, Jiangxi Province, 341000, People's Republic of China
- The Affiliated Ganzhou Hospital of Nanchang University, 16 Meiguan Avenue, Ganzhou, Jiangxi Province, 341000, People's Republic of China
| | - Qin Chen
- Department of Spine Surgery, Ganzhou People's Hospital, 16 Meiguan Avenue, Ganzhou, Jiangxi Province, 341000, People's Republic of China.
- The Affiliated Ganzhou Hospital of Nanchang University, 16 Meiguan Avenue, Ganzhou, Jiangxi Province, 341000, People's Republic of China.
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16
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Ma X, Zhou W, Nie Y, Jing X, Li S, Jin C, Zhu A, Su J, Liao W, Ding K. A novel branched galacturonan from Gardenia jasminoides alleviates liver fibrosis linked to TLR4/NF-κB signaling. Int J Biol Macromol 2023:125540. [PMID: 37355063 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
Gardenia jasminoides (GJ) is a classic edible medicine in China of which the fruit has been proved to alleviate liver damage. We hypothesized whether polysaccharide in the fruit could have comparable bioactivity. To address this, a novel polysaccharide GJE0.2-2, is purified from the fruit of Gardenia jasminoides. Indeed, GJE0.2-2 may attenuate CCl4-induced liver fibrosis in mice and impede the expression of critical fibrogenesis associated molecules such as α-SMA, FN1, and Collagen I induced by TGF-β in human hepatic stellate LX-2 cells. Mechanism studies suggest that this bioactivity may be implicated in TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway via directly binding to TLR4. The structure characterization shows that the backbone of this polysaccharide is mainly composed of galacturonic acid with minor rhamnose, branched with galactose and arabinose, galacturonic acid, and esterified hexenuronic acid (HexpA). These findings provide evidence for a novel pectin-linked polysaccharide-based new drug candidate development for liver fibrosis therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaonan Ma
- Glycochemistry and Glycobiology Lab, Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wanqi Zhou
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210029, China; Glycochemistry and Glycobiology Lab, Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yingmin Nie
- Glycochemistry and Glycobiology Lab, Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaoqi Jing
- Glycochemistry and Glycobiology Lab, Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Saijuan Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210029, China; Glycochemistry and Glycobiology Lab, Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Can Jin
- Glycochemistry and Glycobiology Lab, Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China; School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210029, China; Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, SSIP Healthcare and Medicine Demonstration Zone, Zhongshan Tsuihang New District, Zhongshan, Guangdong 528400, China
| | - Anming Zhu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210029, China; Glycochemistry and Glycobiology Lab, Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Juan Su
- Glycochemistry and Glycobiology Lab, Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Wenfeng Liao
- Glycochemistry and Glycobiology Lab, Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Kan Ding
- Glycochemistry and Glycobiology Lab, Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China; School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210029, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China; Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, SSIP Healthcare and Medicine Demonstration Zone, Zhongshan Tsuihang New District, Zhongshan, Guangdong 528400, China.
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17
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Yu M, Ou Y, Wang H, Gu W. PU.1 interaction with p50 promotes microglial-mediated inflammation in secondary spinal cord injury in SCI rats. Int J Neurosci 2023; 133:389-402. [PMID: 33970748 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2021.1923017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Purpose/aim of the study Secondary spinal cord injury is the inflammatory damage to surrounding tissues caused by activated microglial-mediated neuroinflammatory responses. The nuclear factor-κB (p65/p50) pathway and PU.1 are closely correlated with inflammatory responses; thus, we examined the relationship and function between PU.1 and p50 in secondary spinal cord injury.Materials and methods In this study, we established an adult rat acute spinal cord injury model to simulate the pathological process of spinal cord injury.Results: We found that the expression of PU.1 was significantly increased at three days after spinal cord injury and mainly expressed in activated microglia. Moreover, p-p50 expression was increased in SCI rats and the protein interacted with PU.1. Lipopolysaccharide was used to induce microglia activation in vitro.Conclusions: The results showed that PU.1 and p-p50 expression was significantly increased and PU.1 interacted with p50 in the nucleus. The levels of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β secreted by microglia were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The results showed that when both PU.1 and p50 were overexpressed, tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β secretion was significantly increased to levels higher than in cells overexpressing PU.1 or p50 alone. These results suggest that PU.1 and p50 interact to promote p65 transcription and the expression of inflammatory factors, which is an important mechanism of the microglial-mediated inflammatory response to secondary injury after spinal cord injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingchen Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, Changzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, China.,Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yiqing Ou
- Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China.,The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hongmei Wang
- Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Weidong Gu
- Department of Orthopedics, Changzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
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18
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Yang H, Jin G, Chen S, Luo J, Xu W. Glycoprotein non-metastatic melanoma B interacts with epidermal growth factor receptor to regulate neural stem cell survival and differentiation. Open Med (Wars) 2023; 18:20230639. [PMID: 36820063 PMCID: PMC9938639 DOI: 10.1515/med-2023-0639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The functional recovery following spinal cord injury (SCI) remains a challenge clinically. Among the proteins interacted with the glycoprotein non-metastatic melanoma B (GPNMB), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) during activation is able to promote the proliferation of neural stem cells (NSCs) in the spinal cord. We investigated the roles of GPNMB and EGFR in regulating the survival and differentiation of the NSCs. By overexpression and short-hairpin RNA-mediated knockdown of GPNMB in the NSCs, GPNMB promoted cell viability and differentiation by increasing the expressions of βIII tubulin and CNPase (2',3'-cyclic nucleotide 3-phosphodiesterase). Using co-immunoprecipitation, we found that EGFR interacted with GPNMB. Furthermore, EGFR had a similar effect as GPNMB on promoting cell viability and differentiation. Overexpression of EGFR reversed the decrease in viability and differentiation caused by the knockdown of GPNMB, and vice versa. Last but not least, we tested the effect of GPNMB and EGFR on several intracellular pathways and found that GPNMB/EGFR modulated the phosphorylated (p)-c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)1/2/JNK1/2 ratio and the p-nuclear factor κB (NF-κB p65)/NF-κB p65 ratio. In sum, our findings demonstrate the interaction between GPNMB and EGFR that regulates cell bioprocesses, with the hope to provide a new strategy of SCI therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Yang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, China
| | - Gang Jin
- Orthopedics Department, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai City, Taizhou, Zhejiang Province, 317000, China
| | - Shihong Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, China
| | - Jing Luo
- Department of Rehabilitation, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Orthopedics Department, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai City, Taizhou, Zhejiang Province, 317000, China
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19
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Sterner RC, Sterner RM. Immune response following traumatic spinal cord injury: Pathophysiology and therapies. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1084101. [PMID: 36685598 PMCID: PMC9853461 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1084101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating condition that is often associated with significant loss of function and/or permanent disability. The pathophysiology of SCI is complex and occurs in two phases. First, the mechanical damage from the trauma causes immediate acute cell dysfunction and cell death. Then, secondary mechanisms of injury further propagate the cell dysfunction and cell death over the course of days, weeks, or even months. Among the secondary injury mechanisms, inflammation has been shown to be a key determinant of the secondary injury severity and significantly worsens cell death and functional outcomes. Thus, in addition to surgical management of SCI, selectively targeting the immune response following SCI could substantially decrease the progression of secondary injury and improve patient outcomes. In order to develop such therapies, a detailed molecular understanding of the timing of the immune response following SCI is necessary. Recently, several studies have mapped the cytokine/chemokine and cell proliferation patterns following SCI. In this review, we examine the immune response underlying the pathophysiology of SCI and assess both current and future therapies including pharmaceutical therapies, stem cell therapy, and the exciting potential of extracellular vesicle therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert C. Sterner
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Rosalie M. Sterner
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States,*Correspondence: Rosalie M. Sterner,
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20
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Implications of microglial heterogeneity in spinal cord injury progression and therapy. Exp Neurol 2023; 359:114239. [PMID: 36216123 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2022.114239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Microglia are widely distributed in the central nervous system (CNS), where they aid in the maintenance of neuronal function and perform key auxiliary roles in phagocytosis, neural repair, immunological control, and nutrition delivery. Microglia in the undamaged spinal cord is in a stable state and serve as immune monitors. In the event of spinal cord injury (SCI), severe changes in the microenvironment and glial scar formation lead to axonal regeneration failure. Microglia participates in a series of pathophysiological processes and behave both positive and negative consequences during this period. A deep understanding of the characteristics and functions of microglia can better identify therapeutic targets for SCI. Technological innovations such as single-cell RNA sequencing (Sc-RNAseq) have led to new advances in the study of microglia heterogeneity throughout the lifespan. Here,We review the updated studies searching for heterogeneity of microglia from the developmental and pathological state, survey the activity and function of microglia in SCI and explore the recent therapeutic strategies targeting microglia in the CNS injury.
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21
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Zhou J, Xiang W, Zhang K, Zhao Q, Xu Z, Li Z. IL1RAP Knockdown in LPS-Stimulated Normal Human Astrocytes Suppresses LPS-Induced Reactive Astrogliosis and Promotes Neuronal Cell Proliferation. Neurochem Res 2022; 48:1468-1479. [PMID: 36502418 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03811-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The reactivation of astrocytes plays a critical role in spinal cord injury (SCI) repairment. In this study, IL1RAP expression has been found to be upregulated in SCI mice spinal cord, SCI astrocytes, and LPS-stimulated NHAs. Genes correlated with IL1RAP were significantly enriched in cell proliferation relative pathways. In LPS-stimulated NHAs, IL1RAP overexpression promoted NHA cell proliferation, decreased PTEN protein levels, and increased the phosphorylation of Akt and mTOR. IL1RAP overexpression promoted LPS-induced NHA activation and NF-κB signaling activation. Conditioned medium from IL1RAP-overexpressing NHAs inhibited SH-SY5Y cells viability but promoted cell apoptosis. Conclusively, IL1RAP knockdown in LPS-stimulated NHAs could partially suppress LPS-induced reactive astrogliosis, therefore promoting neuronal cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Weineng Xiang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Hospital of Changsha City, Changsha, 410005, China
| | - Kexiang Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Qun Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Zhewei Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Zhiyue Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China.
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22
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Piao C, Sang J, Kou Z, Wang Y, Liu T, Lu X, Jiao Z, Wang H. Effects of Exosomes Derived from Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Pyroptosis and Regeneration of Injured Liver. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:12065. [PMID: 36292924 PMCID: PMC9602906 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Although accumulating evidence indicates that exosomes have a positive therapeutic effect on hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury (HIRI), studies focusing on the alleviation of liver injury by exosomes derived from adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs-Exo) based on the inhibition of cell pyroptosis have not yet been reported. Exosomes contain different kinds of biologically active substances such as proteins, lipids, mRNAs, miRNAs, and signaling molecules. These molecules are widely involved in cell-cell communication, cell signal transmission, proliferation, migration, and apoptosis. Therefore, we investigated the positive effects exerted by ADSCs-Exo after hepatic ischemia-reperfusion with partial resection injury in rats. In this study, we found that the post-operative tail vein injection of ADSCs-Exo could effectively inhibit the expression of pyroptosis-related factors such as NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1, and GSDMD-N, and promote the expression of regeneration-related factors such as Cyclin D1 and VEGF. Moreover, we found that the above cellular activities were associated with the NF-κB and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways. According to the results, ADSCs and ADSCs-Exo can reduce pyroptosis in the injured liver and promote the expression of those factors related to liver regeneration, while they can inhibit the NF-κB pathway and activate the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. However, although adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell (ADSC) transplantation can reduce liver injury, it leads to a significant increase in the pyroptosis-related protein GSDMD-N expression. In conclusion, our study shows that ADSCs-Exo has unique advantages and significance as a cell-free therapy to replace stem cells and still has a broad research prospect in the clinical diagnosis and treatment of liver injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi Piao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Jinfang Sang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Zhipeng Kou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yue Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Tao Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Xiangyu Lu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Zhihui Jiao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Hongbin Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
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23
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Jia Y, Tang L, Yao Y, Zhuo L, Qu D, Chen X, Ji Y, Tao J, Zhu Y. Low-intensity exercise combined with sodium valproate attenuates kainic acid-induced seizures and associated co-morbidities by inhibiting NF-κB signaling in mice. Front Neurol 2022; 13:993405. [PMID: 36212646 PMCID: PMC9534325 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.993405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sodium valproate (VPA) is a broad-spectrum anticonvulsant that is effective both in adults and children suffering from epilepsy, but it causes psychiatric and behavioral side effects in patients with epilepsy. In addition, 30% of patients with epilepsy develop resistance to VPA. At present, regular physical exercise has shown many benefits and has become an effective complementary therapy for various brain diseases, including epilepsy. Therefore, we wondered whether VPA combined with exercise would be more effective in the treatment of seizures and associated co-morbidities. Here, we used a mouse model with kainic acid (KA)-induced epilepsy to compare the seizure status and the levels of related co-morbidities, such as cognition, depression, anxiety, and movement disorders, in each group using animal behavioral experiment and local field potential recordings. Subsequently, we investigated the mechanism behind this phenomenon by immunological means. Our results showed that low-intensity exercise combined with VPA reduced seizures and associated co-morbidities. This phenomenon seems to be related to the Toll-like receptor 4, activation of the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), and release of interleukin 1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), and IL-6. In brief, low-intensity exercise combined with VPA enhanced the downregulation of NF-κB-related inflammatory response, thereby alleviating the seizures, and associated co-morbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiang Jia
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lele Tang
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Yao
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Limin Zhuo
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongxiao Qu
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xingxing Chen
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yonghua Ji
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Yonghua Ji
| | - Jie Tao
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Jie Tao
| | - Yudan Zhu
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Yudan Zhu
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Li P, Liu Y, Li J, Sun Y, Wang H. Resveratrol Glycosides Impede Microglial Apoptosis and Oxidative Stress in Rats for Spinal Cord Injury. J BIOMATER TISS ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1166/jbt.2022.3089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) usually occurs after severe trauma, which can lead to detrimental and unpredictable secondary diseases, including dyskinesia, paraplegia and even quadriplegia, resulting in seriously reduced quality of life among these patients. Oxidative damage is one of the
major pathogenic factors of SCI. Resveratrol biologically exerts a significant antioxidant activity by increasing the levels of antioxidants and sequentially scavenging free radicals, so as to protect multiple organs from damage. This study investigates whether resveratrol can function as
a protective mediator in SCI and the underlying mechanisms, aiming to provide a theoretical hint for the treatment of SCI. After establishment of SCI model in rats, serial doses of resveratrol were administrated. Afterwards, the therapeutic effects of resveratrol glycosides were evaluated
by analyzing the motor function, spinal cord edema, cellular apoptosis and oxidative reaction in rats. Eventually, the potential mechanisms of resveratrol glycosides were studied via Western blotting. Our results showed that the pro-apoptosis proteins were highly expressed in the spinal cord
tissue of rats after SCI. In comparison with healthy rats, those with SCI exhibited significant widespread dead neurons, glial cell apoptosis, oxidative stress and more serious functional defects. Nevertheless, resveratrol glycosides can ameliorate oxidative stress, inhibit the apoptosis of
glial cells and neuronal death after SCI. Importantly, it can induce the activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 signal transduction pathway that mediated the alleviation of SCI in rats. Resveratrol can improve motor dysfunction after SCI, which may be a result of its anti-oxidation and anti-apoptotic
effects via modulating the Nrf2 signal transduction pathway of microglia, which provides a new idea for the treatment of SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Li
- Department of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, 161000, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Neurorehabilitation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, 161000, China
| | - Jiadi Li
- Bureau of traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, 161000, China
| | - Yuwei Sun
- Bureau of traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, 161000, China
| | - Haipeng Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, 161000, China
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Liu X, Mao Y, Huang S, Li W, Zhang W, An J, Jin Y, Guan J, Wu L, Zhou P. Selenium nanoparticles derived from Proteus mirabilis YC801 alleviate oxidative stress and inflammatory response to promote nerve repair in rats with spinal cord injury. Regen Biomater 2022; 9:rbac042. [PMID: 35855111 PMCID: PMC9290869 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbac042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial biotransformation and detoxification of biotoxic selenite into selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) has emerged as an efficient technique for the utilization of selenium. SeNPs are characterized by high bioavailability and have several therapeutic effects owing to their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective activities. However, their influence on microenvironment disturbances and neuroprotection after spinal cord injury (SCI) is yet to be elucidated. This study aimed to assess the influence of SeNPs on SCI and explore the underlying protective mechanisms. Overall, the proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells were facilitated by SeNPs derived from Proteus mirabilis YC801 via the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. The SeNPs increased the number of neurons to a greater extent than astrocytes after differentiation and improved nerve regeneration. A therapeutic dose of SeNPs remarkably protected the integrity of the spinal cord to improve the motor function of the hind limbs after SCI and decreased the expression of several inflammatory factors such as tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 in vivo and enhanced the production of M2-type macrophages by regulating their polarization, indicating the suppressed inflammatory response. Besides, SeNPs reversed the SCI-mediated production of reactive oxygen species. In conclusion, SeNPs treatment holds the potential to improve the disturbed microenvironment and promote nerve regeneration, representing a promising therapeutic approach for SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Life Sciences, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233004, China
| | - Yingji Mao
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Life Sciences, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233004, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233030, China
| | - Shengwei Huang
- Institute of Biomedical and Health Science, School of Life and Health Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, Anhui 239000, China
| | - Weifeng Li
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Life Sciences, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233004, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Life Sciences, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233004, China
| | - Jingzhou An
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Life Sciences, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233004, China
| | - Yongchao Jin
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Life Sciences, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233004, China
| | - Jianzhong Guan
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233030, China
| | - Lifang Wu
- The Center for Ion Beam Bioengineering and Green Agriculture, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
| | - Pinghui Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Life Sciences, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233004, China
- Spinal Deformity Clinical Research Center of Anhui Province, Fuyang 236000, China
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Li Z, Bai H, Zhang R, Chen B, Wang J, Xue B, Ren X, Wang J, Jia Y, Zang W, Wang J, Chen X. Systematic analysis of critical genes and pathways identified a signature of neuropathic pain after spinal cord injury. Eur J Neurosci 2022; 56:3991-4008. [PMID: 35560852 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) damages sensory systems, producing chronic neuropathic pain that is resistant to medical treatment. The specific mechanisms underlying SCI-induced neuropathic pain (SCI-NP) remain unclear, and protein biomarkers have not yet been integrated into diagnostic screening. To better understand the host molecular pathways involved in SCI-NP, we used the bioinformatics method, the PubMed database, and bioinformatics methods to identify target genes and their associated pathways. We reviewed 2504 articles on the regulation of SCI-NP and used the text mining of PubMed database abstracts to determine associations among 12 pathways and networks. Based on this method, we identified two central genes in SCI-NP: interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were used to build the SCI-NP models. The threshold for paw withdrawal was significantly reduced in the SCI group and TLR4 was activated in microglia after SCI. ELISA analysis of TNF-α and IL-6 levels was significantly higher in the SCI group than in the sham group. Western blot showed that expressions of the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB inflammatory pathway protein increased dramatically in the SCI group. Using the TLR4 inhibitor TAK-242, the pain threshold and expressions of inflammatory factors and proteins of the proteins of the inflammatory signal pathway were reversed, TLR4 in microglia was suppressed, suggesting that SCI-NP was related to neuroinflammation mediated by the TLR4 signaling pathway. In conclusion, we found TNF-α and IL-6 were the neuroinflammation-related genes involved in SCI-NP that can be alleviated by inhibiting the inflammatory pathway upstream of the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB inflammatory pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zefu Li
- Department of Basic Medical College of Human Anatomy of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Huiying Bai
- Outpatient Surgery, Zhengzhou University Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Ruoyu Zhang
- Department of Basic Medical College of Human Anatomy of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Bohan Chen
- Department of Basic Medical College of Human Anatomy of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Junmin Wang
- Department of Basic Medical College of Human Anatomy of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Bohan Xue
- Department of Basic Medical College of Human Anatomy of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Xiuhua Ren
- Department of Basic Medical College of Human Anatomy of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Jiarui Wang
- The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Yanjie Jia
- Department of Neurology, the first affiliated Hospital Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Weidong Zang
- Department of Basic Medical College of Human Anatomy of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Basic Medical College of Human Anatomy of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Xuemei Chen
- Department of Basic Medical College of Human Anatomy of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
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27
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Yin H, Fang L, Wang L, Xia Y, Tian J, Ma L, Zhang J, Li N, Li W, Yao S, Zhang L. Acute Silica Exposure Triggers Pulmonary Inflammation Through Macrophage Pyroptosis: An Experimental Simulation. Front Immunol 2022; 13:874459. [PMID: 35464414 PMCID: PMC9021383 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.874459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Silica is an essential substrate of various materials, and inhaling silica induces pulmonary diseases potentially associated with macrophage pyroptosis. Utilizing silica of micro- and nano- sizes, we explored the role of macrophage pyroptosis in silica-induced pulmonary inflammation. Under the transmission electron microscopy, we found that the internalization of silica nanoparticle induced membrane rupture and increased the number of intracellular vacuoles, and both sizes of silica could suppress cell viability and proliferation. Also, silica-exposed macrophages generated higher levels of ROS, together with the upregulated expression of NLRP3, ASC, Caspase-1, GSDMD, IL-1β, and IL-6. However, the expression of these proteins was suppressed after removing ROS or NLRP3. In addition, we found increased expression of TLR4 and NF-κB responsible for silica recognition and pyroptosis priming after silica exposure. For in vivo studies, we established animal model by intratracheally instilling 5 mg of silica into mice with/without NLRP3 inhibition. Four weeks later, we found diffused infiltration of inflammatory cells and enhanced collagen hyperplasia partially reversed by additional treatment with MCC950, so as the expression of pyroptotic molecules and proinflammatory cytokines. In particular, the dual immunofluorescent staining showed co-expression of macrophage-specific biomarker F4/80 and NLRP3 within the cells, and silica of nano-size showed more potent toxicity and pathogenicity than that of the micro-sized particles both in vitro and in vivo. To sum up, macrophage pyroptosis is an upstream event of silica-induced pulmonary inflammation promoted by ROS through the TLR4/NLRP3/NF-κB signaling axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyu Yin
- Clinical Medical Research Center for Women and Children Diseases, Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Shandong Province, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,School of Public Health, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Lei Fang
- School of Public Health, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Lifeng Wang
- Clinical Medical Research Center for Women and Children Diseases, Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Shandong Province, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yu Xia
- Department of Central Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jiaqi Tian
- School of Public Health, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Lan Ma
- School of Public Health, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science of Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Ning Li
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science of Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Weixiu Li
- Clinical Medical Research Center for Women and Children Diseases, Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Shandong Province, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Sanqiao Yao
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Clinical Medical Research Center for Women and Children Diseases, Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Shandong Province, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Ma Y, Li P, Ju C, Zuo X, Li X, Ding T, Liang Z, Zhang J, Li K, Wang X, Zhu Z, Zhang Z, Song Z, Quan H, Hu X, Wang Z. Photobiomodulation Attenuates Neurotoxic Polarization of Macrophages by Inhibiting the Notch1-HIF-1α/NF-κB Signalling Pathway in Mice With Spinal Cord Injury. Front Immunol 2022; 13:816952. [PMID: 35371065 PMCID: PMC8968029 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.816952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a catastrophic disease with a complex pathogenesis that includes inflammation, oxidative stress, and glial scar formation. Macrophages are the main mediators of the inflammatory response and are distributed in the epicentre of the SCI. Macrophages have neurotoxic and neuroprotective phenotypes (also known as classically and alternatively activated macrophages or M1 and M2 macrophages) that are associated with pro- or anti- inflammatory gene expression. Our previous study demonstrated that photobiomodulation (PBM) alters the polarization state of macrophages in the SCI region towards the M2 phenotype and promotes the recovery of motor function in rats with SCI. However, the mechanism by which PBM promotes SCI repair remains largely undefined. This study is based on the replacement of conventional percutaneous irradiation with implantable biofibre optic in vivo irradiation. The aim was to further investigate the effects of PBM on SCI in mice under new irradiation patterns and its potential mechanisms of action. PBM was administered to male mice with clamped SCI for four consecutive weeks and significantly promoted the recovery of motor function in mice. Analysis of the macrophage phenotypes in the epicentre of the SCI in mice showed that PBM mainly inhibited the neurotoxic activation of macrophages in the SCI area and reduced the secretion of inflammatory factors such as IL-1α and IL-6; PBM had no effect on M2 macrophages. Immediately afterwards, we constructed in vitro models of the inflammatory polarization of macrophages and PBM intervention. We found that PBM attenuated the neurotoxicity of M1 macrophages on VSC 4.1 motor neurons and dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. The effects of PBM on neurotoxic macrophages and the possible mechanisms of action were analysed using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), which confirmed that the main role of PBM was to modulate the inflammatory response and immune system processes. Analysis of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with the inflammatory response showed that PBM had the most significant regulatory effects on genes such as interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-6, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and had obvious inhibitory effects on inflammation-related Notch1 and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) pathway genes. RNA-seq analysis of the effect of PBM on gene expression in resting-state macrophages and M2 macrophages did not show significant differences (data not shown). In conclusion, PBM promoted better motor recovery after SCI in mice by inhibiting the neurotoxic polarization of macrophages and the release of inflammatory mediators by acting on the Notch1-HIF-1α/NF-κB Signalling Pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangguang Ma
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Penghui Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Cheng Ju
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xiaoshuang Zuo
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- Department of Orthopaedics, 967 Hospital of People’s Liberation Army Joint Logistic Support Force, Dalian, China
| | - Tan Ding
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Zhuowen Liang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jiawei Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Kun Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xuankang Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Zhijie Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Zhihao Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Zhiwen Song
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Huilin Quan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xueyu Hu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Xueyu Hu, ; Zhe Wang,
| | - Zhe Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Xueyu Hu, ; Zhe Wang,
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29
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Xu JJ, Zhu L, Li HD, Du XS, Li JJ, Yin NN, Meng XM, Huang C, Li J. DNMT3a-mediated methylation of PSTPIP2 enhances inflammation in alcohol-induced liver injury via regulating STAT1 and NF-κB pathway. Pharmacol Res 2022; 177:106125. [PMID: 35149186 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol-induced liver injury (ALI) is associated with inflammatory responses regulated by macrophages. Activation of macrophages plays a crucial role in ALI while DNA methylation-regulated gene silencing is associated with inflammation processes in macrophages. Proline-Serine-Threonine Phosphatase Interacting Protein 2 (PSTPIP2), which belongs to the Fes/CIP4 homology-Bin/Amphiphysin/Rvs domain family of proteins and plays a role in macrophages. Previous studies have shown that Pstpip2 can be methylated. Herein, its expression was found to be significantly downregulated in primary liver macrophages isolated from EtOH-fed mice and EtOH-induced RAW264.7 cells. Overexpression of PSTPIP2 using liver-specific recombinant AAV serotype 9 (rAAV9)-PSTPIP2 in EtOH-fed mice dramatically alleviated liver injury and inflammatory responses. In addition, silencing of PSTPIP2 aggravated the alcohol-induced inflammatory response in vitro. Mechanistically, PSTPIP2 might affect macrophage-induced inflammatory responses by regulating the STAT1 and NF-κB signaling pathways. The downregulation of PSTPIP2 in ALI may be associated with DNA methylation. Methylation-specific PCR and western blotting analyses showed that EtOH induced abnormal DNA methylation patterns and increased the protein expression levels of DNMT1, DNMT3a, and DNMT3b. The chromatin immunoprecipitation assay showed that DNMT3a could directly bind to the Pstpip2 promoter and act as a principal regulator of PSTPIP2 expression. Moreover, silencing of DNMT3a significantly restored the EtOH-induced low expression of PSTPIP2 and inhibited EtOH-induced inflammation. Overall, these findings provide a detailed understanding of the possible functions and mechanisms of PSTPIP2 in ALI, thus providing new substantive research to elucidate the pathogenesis of ALI and investigate potential targeted treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie-Jie Xu
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University; Hefei 230032, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University; Hefei 230032, China
| | - Hai-Di Li
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University; Hefei 230032, China
| | - Xiao-Sa Du
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University; Hefei 230032, China
| | - Juan-Juan Li
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University; Hefei 230032, China
| | - Na-Na Yin
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University; Hefei 230032, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Meng
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University; Hefei 230032, China
| | - Cheng Huang
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University; Hefei 230032, China
| | - Jun Li
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University; Hefei 230032, China.
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30
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Liu C, Hu F, Jiao G, Guo Y, Zhou P, Zhang Y, Zhang Z, Yi J, You Y, Li Z, Wang H, Zhang X. Dental pulp stem cell-derived exosomes suppress M1 macrophage polarization through the ROS-MAPK-NFκB P65 signaling pathway after spinal cord injury. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:65. [PMID: 35109874 PMCID: PMC8811988 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01273-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell-derived exosomes have recently been regarded as potential drugs for treating spinal cord injury (SCI) by reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and suppressing M1 macrophage polarization. However, the roles of ROS and exosomes in the process of M1 macrophage polarization are not known. Herein, we demonstrated that ROS can induce M1 macrophage polarization and have a concentration-dependent effect. ROS can induce M1 macrophage polarization through the MAPK-NFκB P65 signaling pathway. Dental pulp stem cell (DPSC)-derived exosomes can reduce macrophage M1 polarization through the ROS-MAPK-NFκB P65 signaling pathway in treating SCI. This study suggested that DPSC-derived exosomes might be a potential drug for treating SCI. Disruption of the cycle between ROS and M1 macrophage polarization might also be a potential effective treatment by reducing secondary damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Huangpu Avenue West Road, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Fanqi Hu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Genlong Jiao
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Huangpu Avenue West Road, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Guo
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Huangpu Avenue West Road, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Pan Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Huangpu Avenue West Road, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuning Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Yi
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yonggang You
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Huangpu Avenue West Road, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhizhong Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Huangpu Avenue West Road, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hua Wang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xuesong Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
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31
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Sun M, Liu Y, Jiao K, Jia W, Jiang K, Cheng Z, Liu G, Luo Y. A periodontal tissue regeneration strategy via biphasic release of zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 and FK506 using a uniaxial electrospun Janus nanofiber. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:765-778. [PMID: 35040470 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb02174e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Guided tissue regeneration (GTR) strategies are an effective approach to repair periodontal defects by using GTR membranes. However, commercial GTR membranes still have limitations in periodontal tissue regeneration owing to lack of antibacterial and osteogenic properties. The development of novel Janus nanofibers with biphasic release characteristics based on the therapeutic needs of GTR is essential to tackle this issue. Here, we developed a multifunctional Janus nanofiber via uniaxial electrospinning, with zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 nanoparticle (ZIF-8 NP) loading in the hydrophilic polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) part and FK506 embedding in the hydrophobic polycaprolactone (PCL) part. The release of Zn2+ conformed to the Ritger-Peppas kinetics which could effectively prevent bacterial infection, and the release profile of FK506 was fitted to a first-order equation which could provide persistent osteogenic stimulation for osteogenesis. The periodontal tissue regeneration data from a rat periodontitis model revealed that the multifunctional electrospun Janus nanofibers could be used as an effective bioplatform to restore alveolar bone impairment, compared with the control group. In summary, the Janus nanofibers with biphasic release characteristics quickly exert antibacterial function as well as continuously provide a microenvironment beneficial to the osteogenesis process, demonstrating its great potential for GTR treatment in dental clinic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maolei Sun
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, P. R. China.
| | - Yun Liu
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, P. R. China.
| | - Kun Jiao
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, P. R. China.
| | - Wenyuan Jia
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, P. R. China
| | - Kongzhao Jiang
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, P. R. China.
| | - Zhiqiang Cheng
- College of Resources and Environment, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun 130118, P. R. China
| | - Guomin Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, P. R. China
| | - Yungang Luo
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, P. R. China.
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Hou J, Li H, Xue C, Ma J. Lidocaine relieves spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury via long non-coding RNA MIAT-mediated Notch1 downregulation. J Biochem 2022; 171:411-420. [PMID: 34981118 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvab150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglial activation and inflammatory response play a critical role in spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury (SCIRI). This study aimed to investigate whether lidocaine relieves SCIRI via modulating MIAT-mediated Notch1 downregulation. Mouse SCIRI was induced by the obstruction of the aortic arch. Lidocaine was injected after reperfusion. Microglial activation and inflammatory response were assessed by Iba1, interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) levels. The interaction between MIAT and Notch1 was assessed by RNA pull-down and RNA immunoprecipitation assays. Lidocaine treatment relieved SCIRI by reducing Iba1 and serum TNF-α and IL-1β levels. After lidocaine treatment, MIAT expression was elevated in lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) induced BV2 cells. The interference of MIAT and the overexpression of MIAT and Notch1 restored TNF-α and IL-1β levels in supernatants. Notch1 protein was existent in MIAT-pull-down compounds, and the expression of MIAT was markedly elevated in Notch1-immunoprecipitants. The overexpression of MIAT markedly promoted the degradation of Notch1 and increased the level of ubiquitin-bound Notch1 complex. The therapeutic effect of lidocaine on SCIRI mice could be reversed by adeno-associated virus-mediated MIAT knockdown. In conclusion, lidocaine treatment relieved SCIRI via inhibiting microglial activation and reducing the inflammatory response. The molecular mechanism was partly through MIAT-mediated Notch1 downregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junkai Hou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University
| | - Huixin Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University
| | - Changjiang Xue
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University
| | - Junqi Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University
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33
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The effect of tacrolimus-containing polyethylene glycol-modified maghemite nanospheres on reducing oxidative stress and accelerating the healing spinal cord injury of rats based on increasing M2 macrophages. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2021.103534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Hellenbrand DJ, Quinn CM, Piper ZJ, Morehouse CN, Fixel JA, Hanna AS. Inflammation after spinal cord injury: a review of the critical timeline of signaling cues and cellular infiltration. J Neuroinflammation 2021; 18:284. [PMID: 34876174 PMCID: PMC8653609 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-021-02337-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating neurological condition that results in a loss of motor and sensory function. Although extensive research to develop treatments for SCI has been performed, to date, none of these treatments have produced a meaningful amount of functional recovery after injury. The primary injury is caused by the initial trauma to the spinal cord and results in ischemia, oxidative damage, edema, and glutamate excitotoxicity. This process initiates a secondary injury cascade, which starts just a few hours post-injury and may continue for more than 6 months, leading to additional cell death and spinal cord damage. Inflammation after SCI is complex and driven by a diverse set of cells and signaling molecules. In this review, we utilize an extensive literature survey to develop the timeline of local immune cell and cytokine behavior after SCI in rodent models. We discuss the precise functional roles of several key cytokines and their effects on a variety of cell types involved in the secondary injury cascade. Furthermore, variations in the inflammatory response between rats and mice are highlighted. Since current SCI treatment options do not successfully initiate functional recovery or axonal regeneration, identifying the specific mechanisms attributed to secondary injury is critical. With a more thorough understanding of the complex SCI pathophysiology, effective therapeutic targets with realistic timelines for intervention may be established to successfully attenuate secondary damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Hellenbrand
- Department of Neurological Surgery, School of Medicine and Public Health (UWSMPH), University of Wisconsin, 600 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, 53792, USA
| | - Charles M Quinn
- Department of Neurological Surgery, School of Medicine and Public Health (UWSMPH), University of Wisconsin, 600 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, 53792, USA
| | - Zachariah J Piper
- Department of Neurological Surgery, School of Medicine and Public Health (UWSMPH), University of Wisconsin, 600 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, 53792, USA
| | - Carolyn N Morehouse
- Department of Neurological Surgery, School of Medicine and Public Health (UWSMPH), University of Wisconsin, 600 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, 53792, USA
| | - Jordyn A Fixel
- Department of Neurological Surgery, School of Medicine and Public Health (UWSMPH), University of Wisconsin, 600 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, 53792, USA
| | - Amgad S Hanna
- Department of Neurological Surgery, School of Medicine and Public Health (UWSMPH), University of Wisconsin, 600 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, 53792, USA.
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Zhu J, Li L, Ding J, Huang J, Shao A, Tang B. The Role of Formyl Peptide Receptors in Neurological Diseases via Regulating Inflammation. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:753832. [PMID: 34650406 PMCID: PMC8510628 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.753832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Formyl peptide receptors (FPRs) are a group of G protein-coupled cell surface receptors that play important roles in host defense and inflammation. Owing to the ubiquitous expression of FPRs throughout different cell types and since they interact with structurally diverse chemotactic agonists, they have a dual function in inflammatory processes, depending on binding with different ligands so that accelerate or inhibit key intracellular kinase-based regulatory pathways. Neuroinflammation is closely associated with the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, neurogenic tumors and cerebrovascular diseases. From recent studies, it is clear that FPRs are important biomarkers for neurological diseases as they regulate inflammatory responses by monitoring glial activation, accelerating neural differentiation, regulating angiogenesis, and controlling blood brain barrier (BBB) permeability, thereby affecting neurological disease progression. Given the complex mechanisms of neurological diseases and the difficulty of healing, we are eager to find new and effective therapeutic targets. Here, we review recent research about various mechanisms of the effects generated after FPR binding to different ligands, role of FPRs in neuroinflammation as well as the development and prognosis of neurological diseases. We summarize that the FPR family has dual inflammatory functional properties in central nervous system. Emphasizing that FPR2 acts as a key molecule that mediates the active resolution of inflammation, which binds with corresponding receptors to reduce the expression and activation of pro-inflammatory composition, govern the transport of immune cells to inflammatory tissues, and restore the integrity of the BBB. Concurrently, FPR1 is essentially related to angiogenesis, cell proliferation and neurogenesis. Thus, treatment with FPRs-modulation may be effective for neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Zhu
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lingfei Li
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiao Ding
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinyu Huang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Anwen Shao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bo Tang
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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36
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Liu X, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Qian T. Inflammatory Response to Spinal Cord Injury and Its Treatment. World Neurosurg 2021; 155:19-31. [PMID: 34375779 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2021.07.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI), as one of the intractable diseases in clinical medicine, affects thousands of human beings, and the pathologic changes after injury have been a hot spot for exploration in clinical medicine. With the development of new treatments, the survival of patients has shown an increasing trend; however, the inflammatory response after injury has not yet been effectively controlled. SCI is divided into primary injury and secondary injury according to the time of injury and pathophysiologic changes. Primary injury occurs immediately and the damage to the injury site is irreversible; however, secondary injury occurs after primary injury and involves pathologic changes at the cellular and molecular levels, which are reversible. Thus, the inflammatory response from secondary injuries has become the main direction of research. In recent years, a complex pathophysiologic mechanism has gradually been unveiled, which has been followed by an upgrade of treatment methods. This article describes the mechanisms of the inflammatory response after SCI and the mainstream treatment modalities. Also, neuroprotective agents and nerve regeneration agent agents are commonly used in the treatment of SCI; the therapeutic mechanism and classification of these agents are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, P.R. China
| | - Yiwen Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, P.R. China
| | - Yitong Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, P.R. China
| | - Taibao Qian
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, P.R. China.
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37
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Lu X, Lu F, Yu J, Xue X, Jiang H, Jiang L, Yang Y. Gramine promotes functional recovery after spinal cord injury via ameliorating microglia activation. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:7980-7992. [PMID: 34382745 PMCID: PMC8358888 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, a large number of studies have reported that neuroinflammation aggravates the occurrence of secondary injury after spinal cord injury. Gramine (GM), a natural indole alkaloid, possesses various pharmacological properties; however, the anti-inflammation property remains unclear. In our study, Gramine was investigated in vitro and in vivo to explore the neuroprotection effects. In vitro experiment, our results suggest that Gramine treatment can inhibit release of pro-inflammatory mediators. Moreover, Gramine prevented apoptosis of PC12 cells which was caused by activated HAPI microglia, and the inflammatory secretion ability of microglia was inhibited by Gramine through NF-κB pathway. The in vivo experiment is that 80 mg/kg Gramine was injected orthotopically to rats after spinal cord injury (SCI). Behavioural and histological analyses demonstrated that Gramine treatment may alleviate microglia activation and then boost recovery of motor function after SCI. Overall, our research has demonstrated that Gramine exerts suppressed microglia activation and promotes motor functional recovery after SCI through NF-κB pathway, which may put forward the prospect of clinical treatment of inflammation-related central nervous diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolang Lu
- Department of OrthopedicsThe Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
- The Second School of MedicineWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of OrthopedicsWenzhouChina
| | - Fengfeng Lu
- Department of OrthopedicsThe Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
- The Second School of MedicineWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of OrthopedicsWenzhouChina
| | - Jiachen Yu
- Department of OrthopedicsThe Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
- The Second School of MedicineWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of OrthopedicsWenzhouChina
| | - Xinghe Xue
- Department of OrthopedicsThe Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
- The Second School of MedicineWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of OrthopedicsWenzhouChina
| | - Hongyi Jiang
- Department of OrthopedicsThe Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
- The Second School of MedicineWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of OrthopedicsWenzhouChina
| | - Liting Jiang
- Department of OrthopedicsThe Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
- The Second School of MedicineWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of OrthopedicsWenzhouChina
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of OrthopedicsThe Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
- The Second School of MedicineWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of OrthopedicsWenzhouChina
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38
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Zhaohui C, Shuihua W. Protective Effects of SIRT6 Against Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Cell Apoptosis in Spinal Cord Injury. Inflammation 2021; 43:1751-1758. [PMID: 32445068 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-020-01249-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence supports that Sirtuin 6 (SIRT6) may play a vital role in the pathogenesis of spinal cord injury. The current study was designed to investigate the specific effects of SIRT6 on spinal cord injury (SCI). HE and Nissl staining were performed for pathological analysis in SCI rats. SIRT6 expression was detected by RT-qPCR. CCK8 assay was applied for the detection of cell viability of LPS-injured PC12 cells. TNF-a, IL-1β, IL-6, MCP-1 levels and ROS, MPO, SOD levels were assessed to evaluate inflammation and oxidative stress in spinal cord injury. Cell apoptosis were evaluated by morphological examination using AO/EB fluorescent staining methods and key proteins related to apoptosis were explored via western blot. HE staining revealed increased cavity involving the dorsal white matter and central gray matter, and Nissl staining discovered the loss of motor neurons in the ventral horn in SCI rats. SIRT6 had lower expression in SCI rats. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) exposure induced cell apoptosis and reduced the expression of SIRT6. Mechanistically, we revealed that up-regulation of SIRT6 alleviated inflammation and oxidative stress and inhibited cell apoptosis in spinal cord injury. Together, our findings indicated that SIRT6 attenuated spinal cord injury by suppressing inflammation, oxidative stress, and cell apoptosis. This study demonstrates that SIRT6 may represent a protective effect against spinal cord injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhaohui
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hunan Children's Hospital, No. 86 Ziyuan Road, Yuhua District, Changsha City, 410000, Hunan Province, China
| | - Wu Shuihua
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hunan Children's Hospital, No. 86 Ziyuan Road, Yuhua District, Changsha City, 410000, Hunan Province, China.
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39
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Liu Z, Yao X, Sun B, Jiang W, Liao C, Dai X, Chen Y, Chen J, Ding R. Pretreatment with kaempferol attenuates microglia-mediate neuroinflammation by inhibiting MAPKs-NF-κB signaling pathway and pyroptosis after secondary spinal cord injury. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 168:142-154. [PMID: 33823244 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating injury that characterized by oxidative stress and inflammatory response. Kaempferol is reported to be an anti-neuroinflammation in neurologic disorders. Nevertheless, the role and mechanism of kaempferol in SCI remains unclear. The present study aims to investigate effects of kaempferol on SCI and its possible underlying mechanisms in in vivo and in vitro models. A C5 hemi-contusion injury was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats to investigate the neuroprotective effects of kaempferol after SCI. For in vitro study, the BV2 microglia cell lines were pretreated with or without kaempferol. A combination of molecular and histological methods was used to clarify the mechanism and explore the signaling pathway both in vivo and in vitro. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was conducted with Bonferroni post hoc tests to examine the differences between groups. The in vivo studies showed that kaempferol could improve the recovery of hindlimb motor function and ameliorate tissue damage in the spinal cord after SCI. Moreover, administration of kaempferol reduced microglia activation and oxidative stress level in the spinal cord. The in vitro studies showed that kaempferol suppressed the microglia activation resulting from the administration of LPS with ATP to BV-2 cells. Pretreated BV2 cells with kaempferol reduced the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by inhibiting NADPH oxidase 4, and then, suppressed the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and JNK, which subsequently inhibited nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65 to express pro-inflammatory factors. We also observed that kaempferol could inhibite the pyroptosis related proteins (NLRP3 Caspase-1 p10 ASC N-GSDMD) and reduce the release of IL-18 and IL-1β. In conclusion, kaempferol was able to reduce oxidative stress and inflammatory response through down-regulation of ROS dependent MAPKs- NF-κB and pyroptosis signaling pathway, which suggested that kaempferol might be a novel promising therapeutic agent for SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyuan Liu
- Division of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Xinqiang Yao
- Division of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Baihui Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Wangsheng Jiang
- Division of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Congrui Liao
- Division of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Xiangheng Dai
- Division of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Division of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Jianting Chen
- Division of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China.
| | - Ruoting Ding
- Division of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China.
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40
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Guo XD, He XG, Yang FG, Liu MQ, Wang YD, Zhu DX, Zhang GZ, Ma ZJ, Kang XW. Research progress on the regulatory role of microRNAs in spinal cord injury. Regen Med 2021; 16:465-476. [PMID: 33955796 DOI: 10.2217/rme-2020-0125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a severe CNS injury that results in abnormalities in, or loss of, motor, sensory and autonomic nervous function. miRNAs belong to a new class of noncoding RNA that regulates the production of proteins and biological function of cells by silencing translation or interfering with the expression of target mRNAs. Following SCI, miRNAs related to oxidative stress, inflammation, autophagy, apoptosis and many other secondary injuries are differentially expressed, and these miRNAs play an important role in the progression of secondary injuries after SCI. The purpose of this review is to elucidate the differential expression and functional roles of miRNAs after SCI, thus providing references for further research on miRNAs in SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Dong Guo
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China.,Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China
| | - Xue-Gang He
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China.,Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China
| | - Feng-Guang Yang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China.,Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China
| | - Ming-Qiang Liu
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China.,Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China
| | - Yi-Dian Wang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China.,Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China
| | - Da-Xue Zhu
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China.,Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China
| | - Guang-Zhi Zhang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China.,Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China
| | - Zhan-Jun Ma
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China.,Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China
| | - Xue-Wen Kang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China.,Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China.,The International Cooperation Base of Gansu Province for The Pain Research in Spinal Disorders, Gansu 730000, PR China
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Cotrone TS, Hocog CB, Ramsey JT, Sanchez MA, Sullivan HM, Scrimgeour AG. Phenotypic characterization of frontal cortex microglia in a rat model of post-traumatic stress disorder. Brain Behav 2021; 11:e02011. [PMID: 33434400 PMCID: PMC7994680 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is an anxiety disorder induced by psychologically traumatic events. Using a rat model, this study aimed to determine whether psychological trauma alters relative expression between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory markers in microglia. To meet this goal, expression of genes encoding i-NOS, arginase, TNF-α, interleukin-10, CD74, and Mannose Receptor C was analyzed on multiple days following trauma exposure. METHODS Single-prolonged stress (SPS) was used to model PTSD in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Twenty-four rats (12 Controls and 12 SPS-exposed) were sacrificed on Days 1, 3, and 7 post-SPS. Twenty-four (12 Controls and 12 SPS-exposed) additional rats were exposed to classical fear conditioning on Day 7, and fear extinction on Days 8, 9, 10, 15, 16, and 17. Freezing behavior was measured to assess fear resolution. Microglial isolates were collected from the frontal cortex, and RNA was extracted. Changes in relative expression of target genes were quantified via RT-PCR. RESULTS SPS rats showed significant decreases in IL-10 and TNF-α expression and increases in the i-NOS:Arginase and TNF-α:IL-10 ratios compared to Controls on Day 1, but not on Day 3 or Day 7 for any of the dependent variables. Day 17 SPS rats showed a significant decrease in IL-10 expression and an increase in the TNF-α:IL-10 ratio, further characterized by a significant inverse relationship between IL-10 expression and fear persistence. CONCLUSION Psychological trauma impacts the immunological phenotype of microglia of the frontal cortex. Consequently, future studies should further evaluate the mechanistic role of microglia in PTSD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas S Cotrone
- Military Nutrition Division, U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA, USA
| | - Charina B Hocog
- Veterinary Support and Oversight Branch, U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA, USA
| | - Joseph T Ramsey
- Veterinary Support and Oversight Branch, U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA, USA
| | - Marcus A Sanchez
- Veterinary Support and Oversight Branch, U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA, USA
| | - Heather M Sullivan
- Veterinary Support and Oversight Branch, U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA, USA
| | - Angus G Scrimgeour
- Military Nutrition Division, U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA, USA
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An N, Yang J, Wang H, Sun S, Wu H, Li L, Li M. Mechanism of mesenchymal stem cells in spinal cord injury repair through macrophage polarization. Cell Biosci 2021; 11:41. [PMID: 33622388 PMCID: PMC7903655 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-021-00554-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Treatment and rehabilitation of spinal cord injury (SCI) is a major problem in clinical medicine. Modern medicine has achieved minimal progress in improving the functions of injured nerves in patients with SCI, mainly due to the complex pathophysiological changes that present after injury. Inflammatory reactions occurring after SCI are related to various functions of immune cells over time at different injury sites. Macrophages are important mediators of inflammatory reactions and are divided into two different subtypes (M1 and M2), which play important roles at different times after SCI. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are characterized by multi-differentiation and immunoregulatory potentials, and different treatments can have different effects on macrophage polarization. MSC transplantation has become a promising method for eliminating nerve injury caused by SCI and can help repair injured nerve tissues. Therapeutic effects are related to the induced formation of specific immune microenvironments, caused by influencing macrophage polarization, controlling the consequences of secondary injury after SCI, and assisting with function recovery. Herein, we review the mechanisms whereby MSCs affect macrophage-induced specific immune microenvironments, and discuss potential avenues of investigation for improving SCI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan An
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, 126 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, People's Republic of China.,The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Jiaxu Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, 126 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, People's Republic of China.,The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Hequn Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, 126 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, People's Republic of China.,The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Shengfeng Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, 126 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, People's Republic of China.,The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Hao Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, 126 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, People's Republic of China.,The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Lisha Li
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, 126 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, People's Republic of China.
| | - Meiying Li
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, 126 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, People's Republic of China.
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Deng Q, Ma L, Chen T, Yang Y, Ma Y, Ma L. NF-κB 1-induced LINC00665 regulates inflammation and apoptosis of neurons caused by spinal cord injury by targeting miR-34a-5p. Neurol Res 2021; 43:418-427. [PMID: 33435858 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2020.1866373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Background: Spinal cord injury (SCI) has high disability rate and low cure rate, which frustrates the patients and brings a heavy burden to their families. This study aimed to explore whether NF-κB1 could induce the expression of LINC00665 and form a feedback loop with miR-34a-5p to regulate inflammation and apoptosis of neurons. Results: Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan (BBB) scoring was decreased, damage for spinal cord tissue was aggravated and neuron number was decreased in SCI rats. The levels of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 in serum and the expression of LINC00665 and NF-κB1 in spinal cord tissues were all increased in SCI rats. After LPS induction, PC12 cell viability was decreased. The expression of LINC00665 and NF-κB1 in LPS-induced PC12 cells was increased, which was partially reversed by BAY11-7082 (NF-κB inhibitor). Inhibition of LINC00665 improved cell viability, suppressed apoptosis and inflammation and down-regulated the NF-κB1 expression in LPS-induced PC12 cells. Furthermore, miR-34a-5p expression was decreased in LPS-induced PC12 cells, which could be promoted by inhibition of LINC00665. miR-34a-5p inhibitor restrained the effect of inhibition of LINC00665 on NF-κB1 expression in LPS-induced PC12 cells. Conclusion: inhibition of LINC00665 improved cell viability, suppressed apoptosis and inflammation in LPS-induced PC12 cells, and the NF-κB1/LINC00665/miR-34a-5ploop might be a useful therapeutic target in SCI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qilong Deng
- Rehabilitation Medical Center, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China.,Rehabilitation Medical Center, Luqiao Hospital, Taizhou Enze Medical Center (Group), Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lili Ma
- Rehabilitation Medical Center, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China.,Rehabilitation Medical Center, Luqiao Hospital, Taizhou Enze Medical Center (Group), Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ting Chen
- Rehabilitation Medical Center, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China.,Rehabilitation Medical Center, Luqiao Hospital, Taizhou Enze Medical Center (Group), Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yu Yang
- Rehabilitation Medical Center, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China.,Rehabilitation Medical Center, Luqiao Hospital, Taizhou Enze Medical Center (Group), Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuetao Ma
- Rehabilitation Medical Center, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China.,Rehabilitation Medical Center, Luqiao Hospital, Taizhou Enze Medical Center (Group), Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lizhong Ma
- Rehabilitation Medical Center, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China.,Rehabilitation Medical Center, Luqiao Hospital, Taizhou Enze Medical Center (Group), Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
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Hopp SC. Targeting microglia L-type voltage-dependent calcium channels for the treatment of central nervous system disorders. J Neurosci Res 2021; 99:141-162. [PMID: 31997405 PMCID: PMC9394523 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+ ) is a ubiquitous mediator of a multitude of cellular functions in the central nervous system (CNS). Intracellular Ca2+ is tightly regulated by cells, including entry via plasma membrane Ca2+ permeable channels. Of specific interest for this review are L-type voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels (L-VDCCs), due to their pleiotropic role in several CNS disorders. Currently, there are numerous approved drugs that target L-VDCCs, including dihydropyridines. These drugs are safe and effective for the treatment of humans with cardiovascular disease and may also confer neuroprotection. Here, we review the potential of L-VDCCs as a target for the treatment of CNS disorders with a focus on microglia L-VDCCs. Microglia, the resident immune cells of the brain, have attracted recent attention for their emerging inflammatory role in several CNS diseases. Intracellular Ca2+ regulates microglia transition from a resting quiescent state to an "activated" immune-effector state and is thus a valuable target for manipulation of microglia phenotype. We will review the literature on L-VDCC expression and function in the CNS and on microglia in vitro and in vivo and explore the therapeutic landscape of L-VDCC-targeting agents at present and future challenges in the context of Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, neuropsychiatric diseases, and other CNS disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah C. Hopp
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer’s and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
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45
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Su DJ, Li LF, Wang SY, Yang Q, Wu YJ, Zhao MG, Yang L. Pra-C exerts analgesic effect through inhibiting microglial activation in anterior cingulate cortex in complete Freund's adjuvant-induced mouse model. Mol Pain 2021; 17:1744806921990934. [PMID: 33590786 PMCID: PMC7894694 DOI: 10.1177/1744806921990934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic pain is highly prevalent worldwide and severely affects daily lives of patients and family members. Praeruptorin C (Pra-C) is a main active ingredient derived from Peucedanum praeruptorum Dunn, traditionally used as antibechic, anti-bronchitis and anti-hypertension drug. Here, we evaluated the effects of Pra-C in a chronic inflammatory pain mouse model induced by complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) injection. Pra-C (3 mg/kg) treatment for just 3 days after CFA challenge relieved CFA-induced mechanical allodynia and hindpaw edema in mice. In the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), Pra-C treatment inhibited microglia activation and reduced levels of proinflammatory cytokines, TNF-α and IL-1β, and suppressed upregulation of glutamate receptors caused by CFA injection. In addition, Pra-C attenuated neuronal hyperexcitability in ACC of CFA-injected mice. In vitro studies confirmed the analgesic effect of Pra-C was due to its inhibitory ability on microglial activation. In conclusion, Pra-C administration had a certain effect on relieving chronic pain by inhibiting microglial activation, attenuating proinflammatory cytokine releasing and regulating excitatory synaptic proteins in the ACC of the CFA-injected mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-jie Su
- First Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Long-fei Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Precision Pharmacy and Drug Development Center, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Sai-ying Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Precision Pharmacy and Drug Development Center, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Qi Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Precision Pharmacy and Drug Development Center, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yu-jing Wu
- Department of Medicine, 69224 Military Hospital, Xinjiang, China
| | - Ming-gao Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Precision Pharmacy and Drug Development Center, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Le Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Precision Pharmacy and Drug Development Center, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
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Afshari K, Momeni Roudsari N, Lashgari NA, Haddadi NS, Haj-Mirzaian A, Hassan Nejad M, Shafaroodi H, Ghasemi M, Dehpour AR, Abdolghaffari AH. Antibiotics with therapeutic effects on spinal cord injury: a review. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2020; 35:277-304. [PMID: 33464681 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates that a considerable number of antibiotics exert anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects in different central and peripheral nervous system diseases including spinal cord injury (SCI). Both clinical and preclinical studies on SCI have found therapeutic effects of antibiotics from different families on SCI. These include macrolides, minocycline, β-lactams, and dapsone, all of which have been found to improve SCI sequels and complications. These antibiotics may target similar signaling pathways such as reducing inflammatory microglial activity, promoting autophagy, inhibiting neuronal apoptosis, and modulating the SCI-related mitochondrial dysfunction. In this review paper, we will discuss the mechanisms underlying therapeutic effects of these antibiotics on SCI, which not only could supply vital information for investigators but also guide clinicians to consider administering these antibiotics as part of a multimodal therapeutic approach for management of SCI and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khashayar Afshari
- Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1419733141, Iran.,Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 13145-784, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Dermatology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01655, USA
| | - Nazanin Momeni Roudsari
- Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, No. 99, Yakhchal, Gholhak, Shariati St., Tehran, P. O. Box: 19419-33111, Iran
| | - Naser-Aldin Lashgari
- Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, No. 99, Yakhchal, Gholhak, Shariati St., Tehran, P. O. Box: 19419-33111, Iran
| | - Nazgol-Sadat Haddadi
- Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1419733141, Iran.,Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 13145-784, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Dermatology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01655, USA
| | - Arvin Haj-Mirzaian
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 13145-784, Tehran, Iran
| | - Malihe Hassan Nejad
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1419733141, Iran
| | - Hamed Shafaroodi
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 13145-784, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Ghasemi
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts School of Medicine, Worcester, MA, 01655, USA
| | - Ahmad Reza Dehpour
- Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1419733141, Iran.,Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 13145-784, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Abdolghaffari
- Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, No. 99, Yakhchal, Gholhak, Shariati St., Tehran, P. O. Box: 19419-33111, Iran.,Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj, 31375-1369, Iran.,Gastrointestinal Pharmacology Interest Group (GPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, 1419733151, Iran
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Lemus-Conejo A, Millan-Linares MDC, Toscano R, Millan F, Pedroche J, Muriana FJG, Montserrat-de la Paz S. GPETAFLR, a peptide from Lupinus angustifolius L. prevents inflammation in microglial cells and confers neuroprotection in brain. Nutr Neurosci 2020; 25:472-484. [DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2020.1763058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Lemus-Conejo
- Plant Protein Group, Instituto de la Grasa, CSIC, Seville, Spain
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, Instituto de la Grasa, CSIC, Seville, Spain
| | | | - Rocio Toscano
- Plant Protein Group, Instituto de la Grasa, CSIC, Seville, Spain
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Francisco Millan
- Plant Protein Group, Instituto de la Grasa, CSIC, Seville, Spain
| | - Justo Pedroche
- Plant Protein Group, Instituto de la Grasa, CSIC, Seville, Spain
| | | | - Sergio Montserrat-de la Paz
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
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Ma Z, Lu Y, Yang F, Li S, He X, Gao Y, Zhang G, Ren E, Wang Y, Kang X. Rosmarinic acid exerts a neuroprotective effect on spinal cord injury by suppressing oxidative stress and inflammation via modulating the Nrf2/HO-1 and TLR4/NF-κB pathways. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2020; 397:115014. [PMID: 32320792 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2020.115014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a severe central nervous system injury for which few efficacious drugs are available. Rosmarinic acid (RA), a water-soluble polyphenolic phytochemical, has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic properties. However, the effect of RA on SCI is unclear. We investigated the therapeutic effect and underlying mechanism of RA on SCI. Using a rat model of SCI, we showed that RA improved locomotor recovery after SCI and significantly mitigated neurological deficit, increased neuronal preservation, and reduced apoptosis. Also, RA inhibited activation of microglia and the release of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β and MDA. Moreover, proteomics analyses identified the Nrf2 and NF-κB pathways as targets of RA. Pretreatment with RA increased levels of Nrf2 and HO-1 and reduced those of TLR4 and MyD88 as well as phosphorylation of IκB and subsequent nuclear translocation of NF-κB-p65. Using H2O2- and LPS-induced PC12 cells, we found that RA ameliorated the H2O2-induced decrease in viability and increase in apoptosis and oxidative injury by activating the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. Also, LPS-induced cytotoxicity and increased apoptosis and inflammatory injury in PC-12 cells were mitigated by RA by inhibiting the TLR4/NF-κB pathway. The Nrf2 inhibitor ML385 weakened the effect of RA on oxidant stress, inflammation and apoptosis in SCI rats, and significantly increased the nuclear translocation of NF-κB. Therefore, the neuroprotective effect on SCI of RA may be due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, which are mediated by modulation of the Nrf2/HO-1 and TLR4/NF-κB pathways. Moreover, RA activated Nrf2/HO-1, which amplified its inhibition of the NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanjun Ma
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, China; Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, China
| | - Yubao Lu
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, China
| | - Fengguang Yang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, China
| | - Shaoping Li
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, China
| | - Xuegang He
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, China
| | - Yicheng Gao
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, China
| | - Guangzhi Zhang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, China
| | - Enhui Ren
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, China
| | - Yonggang Wang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, China; Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, China; The International Cooperation Base of Gansu Province for the Pain Research in Spinal Disorders, Gansu 730000, China.
| | - Xuewen Kang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, China; Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, China; The International Cooperation Base of Gansu Province for the Pain Research in Spinal Disorders, Gansu 730000, China.
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Liu Z, Yao X, Jiang W, Li W, Zhu S, Liao C, Zou L, Ding R, Chen J. Advanced oxidation protein products induce microglia-mediated neuroinflammation via MAPKs-NF-κB signaling pathway and pyroptosis after secondary spinal cord injury. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:90. [PMID: 32192500 PMCID: PMC7082940 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-01751-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Inflammatory response mediated by oxidative stress is considered as an important pathogenesis of spinal cord injury (SCI). Advanced oxidation protein products (AOPPs) are novel markers of oxidative stress and their role in inflammatory response after SCI remained unclear. This study aimed to investigate the role of AOPPs in SCI pathogenesis and explore the possible underlying mechanisms. Methods A C5 hemi-contusion injury was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats to confirm the involvement of AOPPs after SCI. For in vivo study, apocynin, the NADPH oxidase inhibitor was used to study the neuroprotective effects after SCI. For in vitro study, the BV2 microglia cell lines were pretreated with or without the inhibitor or transfected with or without small interference RNA (siRNA) and then stimulated with AOPPs. A combination of molecular and histological methods was used to clarify the mechanism and explore the signaling pathway both in vivo and in vitro. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was conducted with Bonferroni post hoc tests to examine the differences between groups. Results The levels of AOPPs in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid as well as the contents in the spinal cord showed significant increase after SCI. Meanwhile, apocynin ameliorated tissue damage in the spinal cord after SCI, improving the functional recovery. Immunofluorescence staining and western blot analysis showed activation of microglia after SCI, which was in turn inhibited by apocynin. Pretreated BV2 cells with AOPPs triggered excessive generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by activating NADPH oxidase. Increased ROS induced p38 MAPK and JNK phosphorylation, subsequently triggering nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65 to express pro-inflammatory cytokines. Also, treatment of BV2 cells with AOPPs induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation and cleavage of Gasdermin-d (GSDMD), causing pyroptosis. This was confirmed by cleavage of caspase-1, production of downstream mature interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 as well as rupture of rapid cell membrane. Conclusions Collectively, these data indicated AOPPs as biomarkers of oxidative stress, modulating inflammatory response in SCI by multiple signaling pathways, which also included the induction of NADPH oxidase dependent ROS, and NLRP3-mediated pyroptosis, and activation of MAPKs and NF-κB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyuan Liu
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Xinqiang Yao
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Wangsheng Jiang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Siyuan Zhu
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Congrui Liao
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Lin Zou
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Ruoting Ding
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.
| | - Jianting Chen
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.
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50
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Ma D, Zhao Y, Huang L, Xiao Z, Chen B, Shi Y, Shen H, Dai J. A novel hydrogel-based treatment for complete transection spinal cord injury repair is driven by microglia/macrophages repopulation. Biomaterials 2020; 237:119830. [PMID: 32036301 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.119830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Revised: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Microglia/macrophage mediated-inflammation, a main contributor to the microenvironment after spinal cord injury (SCI), persists for a long period of time and affects SCI repair. However, the effects of microglia/macrophage mediated-inflammation on neurogenic differentiation of endogenous neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) are not well understood. In this study, to attenuate activated microglia/macrophage mediated-inflammation in the spinal cord of complete transection SCI mice, a combination of photo-crosslinked hydrogel transplantation and CSF1R inhibitor (PLX3397) treatment was used to replace the prolonged, activated microglia/macrophages via cell depletion and repopulation. This combined treatment in SCI mice produced a significant reduction in CD68-positive reactive microglia/macrophages and mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory factors, and a substantial increase in the number of Tuj1-positive neurons in the lesion area compared with single treatment methods. Moreover, most of the newborn Tuj1-positive neurons were confirmed to be generated from endogenous NSPCs using a genetic fate mapping mouse line (Nestin-CreERT2; LSL-tdTomato) that can label and trace NSPC marker-nestin expressing cells and their progenies. Collectively, our findings show that the combined treatment method for inhibiting microglia/macrophage mediated-inflammation promotes endogenous NSPC neurogenesis and improves functional recovery, which provides a promising therapeutic strategy for complete transection SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dezun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, PR China
| | - Yannan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, PR China
| | - Lei Huang
- Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface Research, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, PR China
| | - Zhifeng Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, PR China
| | - Bing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, PR China
| | - Ya Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, PR China
| | - He Shen
- Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface Research, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, PR China.
| | - Jianwu Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, PR China.
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