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Hong J, Garfolo R, Kabre S, Humml C, Velanac V, Roué C, Beck B, Jeanette H, Haslam S, Bach M, Arora S, Acheta J, Nave KA, Schwab MH, Jourd’heuil D, Poitelon Y, Belin S. PMP2 regulates myelin thickening and ATP production during remyelination. Glia 2024; 72:885-898. [PMID: 38311982 PMCID: PMC11027087 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
It is well established that axonal Neuregulin 1 type 3 (NRG1t3) regulates developmental myelin formation as well as EGR2-dependent gene activation and lipid synthesis. However, in peripheral neuropathy disease context, elevated axonal NRG1t3 improves remyelination and myelin sheath thickness without increasing Egr2 expression or activity, and without affecting the transcriptional activity of canonical myelination genes. Surprisingly, Pmp2, encoding for a myelin fatty acid binding protein, is the only gene whose expression increases in Schwann cells following overexpression of axonal NRG1t3. Here, we demonstrate PMP2 expression is directly regulated by NRG1t3 active form, following proteolytic cleavage. Then, using a transgenic mouse model overexpressing axonal NRG1t3 (NRG1t3OE) and knocked out for PMP2, we demonstrate that PMP2 is required for NRG1t3-mediated remyelination. We demonstrate that the sustained expression of Pmp2 in NRG1t3OE mice enhances the fatty acid uptake in sciatic nerve fibers and the mitochondrial ATP production in Schwann cells. In sum, our findings demonstrate that PMP2 is a direct downstream mediator of NRG1t3 and that the modulation of PMP2 downstream NRG1t3 activation has distinct effects on Schwann cell function during developmental myelination and remyelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayue Hong
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Rebekah Garfolo
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Sejal Kabre
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Christian Humml
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Viktorija Velanac
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Clémence Roué
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Brianna Beck
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Haley Jeanette
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Sarah Haslam
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Martin Bach
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Simar Arora
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Jenica Acheta
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Klaus-Armin Nave
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Markus H. Schwab
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
- Paul Flechsig Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - David Jourd’heuil
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Yannick Poitelon
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Sophie Belin
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, USA
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2
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Slivka JP, Bauer C, Younsi A, Wong MBF, Chan MKS, Skutella T. Exploring the Molecular Tapestry: Organ-Specific Peptide and Protein Ultrafiltrates and Their Role in Therapeutics. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2863. [PMID: 38474110 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aims to characterize the proteome composition of organ-derived protein extracts from rabbits. Protein isolation was performed using soft homogenization and size exclusion via ultrafiltration. The proteome analysis of the ultrafiltrates was conducted using gel electrophoresis, and the mass spectrometry data were subjected to gene ontology analysis. Proteomic profiling revealed comprehensive protein profiles associated with RNA regulation, fatty acid binding, inflammatory response, oxidative stress, and metabolism. Additionally, our results demonstrate the presence of abundant small proteins, as observed in the mass spectrometry datasets. Small proteins and peptides are crucial in transcription modulation and various biological processes. The protein networks identified in the ultrafiltrates have the potential to enhance and complement biological therapeutic interventions. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD050039.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alexander Younsi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michelle B F Wong
- Stellar Biomolecular Research GmbH, Klosterstrasse 205a, 67480 Edenkoben, Germany
- EW European Wellness International GmbH, Sommerhalde 21, 72184 Eutingen im Gäu, Germany
| | - Mike K S Chan
- Stellar Biomolecular Research GmbH, Klosterstrasse 205a, 67480 Edenkoben, Germany
- EW European Wellness International GmbH, Sommerhalde 21, 72184 Eutingen im Gäu, Germany
| | - Thomas Skutella
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Faculty, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 307, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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3
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Abstract
Fatty acid-binding proteins (FABPs) are small lipid-binding proteins abundantly expressed in tissues that are highly active in fatty acid (FA) metabolism. Ten mammalian FABPs have been identified, with tissue-specific expression patterns and highly conserved tertiary structures. FABPs were initially studied as intracellular FA transport proteins. Further investigation has demonstrated their participation in lipid metabolism, both directly and via regulation of gene expression, and in signaling within their cells of expression. There is also evidence that they may be secreted and have functional impact via the circulation. It has also been shown that the FABP ligand binding repertoire extends beyond long-chain FAs and that their functional properties also involve participation in systemic metabolism. This article reviews the present understanding of FABP functions and their apparent roles in disease, particularly metabolic and inflammation-related disorders and cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Storch
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States;
| | - Betina Corsico
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata, CONICET-UNLP, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, La Plata, Argentina;
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Baga M, Rizzi S, Spagnoli C, Frattini D, Pisani F, Fusco C. A Novel Family with Demyelinating Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease Caused by a Mutation in the PMP2 Gene: A Case Series of Nine Patients and a Brief Review of the Literature. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:children10050901. [PMID: 37238449 DOI: 10.3390/children10050901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) is a group of inherited peripheral neuropathies characterized by wide genotypic and phenotypic variability. The onset is typically in childhood, and the most frequent clinical manifestations are predominantly distal muscle weakness, hypoesthesia, foot deformity (pes cavus) and areflexia. In the long term, complications such as muscle-tendon retractions, extremity deformities, muscle atrophy and pain may occur. Among CMT1, demyelinating and autosomal dominant forms, CMT1G is determined by mutations in the PMP2 myelin protein. RESULTS Starting from the index case, we performed a clinical, electrophysiological, neuroradiological and genetic evaluation of all family members for three generations; we identified p.Ile50del in PMP2 in all the nine affected members. They presented a typical clinical phenotype, with childhood-onset variable severity between generations and a chronic demyelinating sensory-motor polyneuropathy on the electrophysiologic examination; the progression was slow to very slow and predominant in the lower limbs. Our study reports a relatively large sample of patients, members of the same family, with CMT1G by PMP2, which is a rare form of demyelinating CMT, highlighting the genetic variability of the CMT family instead of the overlapping clinical phenotypes within demyelinating forms. To date, only supportive and preventive measures for the most severe complications are available; therefore, we believe that early diagnosis (clinical, electrophysiological and genetic) allows access to specialist follow-up and therapies, thereby improving the quality of life of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Baga
- Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, Department of Pediatrics, AUSL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42100 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Susanna Rizzi
- Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, Department of Pediatrics, AUSL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42100 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Carlotta Spagnoli
- Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, Department of Pediatrics, AUSL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42100 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Daniele Frattini
- Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, Department of Pediatrics, AUSL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42100 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Francesco Pisani
- Child Neuropsychiatric Unit, Human Neuroscience Department, Sapienza University of Rome, 00100 Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Fusco
- Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, Department of Pediatrics, AUSL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42100 Reggio Emilia, Italy
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5
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Nowowiejska J, Baran A, Flisiak I. Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins in Psoriasis-A Review. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12090833. [PMID: 36144237 PMCID: PMC9500650 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12090833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is one of the most common skin diseases in dermatological practice. It affects about 1–3% of the general population and is associated with different comorbidities, especially metabolic syndrome. Fatty-acid-binding proteins (FABPs) are a family of cytosolic proteins which are an important link in lipid metabolism and transport; moreover, they have different tissue specificity and properties. So far, ten FABPs have been discovered and seven have been investigated in psoriasis. In this review, we discuss the nature of all FABPs and their role in psoriasis. FABPs have different organ and tissue expression, and hence various functions, and may be markers of different disorders. Considering the concentration of a few of them tends to be elevated in psoriasis, it confirms the current perception of psoriasis as a multiorgan disorder associated with plenty of comorbidities. Some FABPs may be also further investigated as biomarkers of psoriasis organ complications. FABP-1 and FABP-5 may become potential markers of metabolic complications and inflammation in psoriasis. FABP-7 could perhaps be further investigated as an indicator of the neurodegenerative processes in psoriatic patients.
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Uusitalo M, Klenow MB, Laulumaa S, Blakeley MP, Simonsen AC, Ruskamo S, Kursula P. Human myelin protein P2: from crystallography to time-lapse membrane imaging and neuropathy-associated variants. FEBS J 2021; 288:6716-6735. [PMID: 34138518 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral myelin protein 2 (P2) is a fatty acid-binding protein expressed in vertebrate peripheral nervous system myelin, as well as in human astrocytes. Suggested functions of P2 include membrane stacking and lipid transport. Mutations in the PMP2 gene, encoding P2, are associated with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT). Recent studies have revealed three novel PMP2 mutations in CMT patients. To shed light on the structure and function of these P2 variants, we used X-ray and neutron crystallography, small-angle X-ray scattering, circular dichroism spectroscopy, computer simulations and lipid binding assays. The crystal and solution structures of the I50del, M114T and V115A variants of P2 showed minor differences to the wild-type protein, whereas their thermal stability was reduced. Vesicle aggregation assays revealed no change in membrane stacking characteristics, while the variants showed altered fatty acid binding. Time-lapse imaging of lipid bilayers indicated formation of double-membrane structures induced by P2, which could be related to its function in stacking of two myelin membrane surfaces in vivo. In order to better understand the links between structure, dynamics and function, the crystal structure of perdeuterated P2 was refined from room temperature data using neutrons and X-rays, and the results were compared to simulations and cryocooled crystal structures. Our data indicate similar properties for all known human P2 CMT variants; while crystal structures are nearly identical, thermal stability and function of CMT variants are impaired. Our data provide new insights into the structure-function relationships and dynamics of P2 in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maiju Uusitalo
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine & Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Finland
| | - Martin Berg Klenow
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Saara Laulumaa
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine & Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Finland.,European Spallation Source, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Adam Cohen Simonsen
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Salla Ruskamo
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine & Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Finland
| | - Petri Kursula
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine & Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Finland.,Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Norway
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7
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Geroldi A, Prada V, Veneri F, Trevisan L, Origone P, Grandis M, Schenone A, Gemelli C, Lanteri P, Fossa P, Mandich P, Bellone E. Early onset demyelinating Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease caused by a novel in-frame isoleucine deletion in peripheral myelin protein 2. J Peripher Nerv Syst 2020; 25:102-106. [PMID: 32277537 DOI: 10.1111/jns.12375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral myelin protein 2 (PMP2) is a small protein located on the cytoplasmic side of compact myelin, involved in the lipids transport and in the myelination process. In the last years few families affected with demyelinating Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathy (CMT1), caused by PMP2 mutations, have been identified. In this study we describe the first case of a PMP2 in-frame deletion. PMP2 was analyzed by direct sequencing after exclusion of the most frequent CMT-associated genes by using a next generation sequencing (NGS) genes panel. Sanger sequencing was used for family's segregation analysis. Molecular modeling analysis was used to evaluate the mutation impact on the protein structure. A novel PMP2: p.I50del has been identified in a child with early onset CMT1 and in three affected family members. All family members show an early onset demyelinating neuropathy without other distinguish features. Molecular modeling analysis and in silico evaluations do not suggest a strong impact on the overall protein structure, but a most likely altered protein function. This study suggests the importance to add PMP2 in CMT NGS genes panels or, at most, to test it after major CMT1 genes exclusion, due to the lack of diagnostic-addressing additional features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Geroldi
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal and Child Health-Medical Genetics, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Valeria Prada
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal and Child Health-Neurology, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Francesca Veneri
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal and Child Health-Neurology, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Lucia Trevisan
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal and Child Health-Medical Genetics, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino-UOC Genetica Medica, Genoa, Italy
| | - Paola Origone
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal and Child Health-Medical Genetics, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino-UOC Genetica Medica, Genoa, Italy
| | - Marina Grandis
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal and Child Health-Neurology, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,IRCCS-Ospedale Policlinico San Martino-UOC Neurologia, Genoa, Italy
| | - Angelo Schenone
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal and Child Health-Neurology, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,IRCCS-Ospedale Policlinico San Martino-UOC Neurologia, Genoa, Italy
| | - Chiara Gemelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal and Child Health-Neurology, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Paola Lanteri
- IRCCS Giannina Gaslini-U.O. Neuropsichiatria Infantile, Genoa, Italy
| | - Paola Fossa
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Paola Mandich
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal and Child Health-Medical Genetics, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino-UOC Genetica Medica, Genoa, Italy
| | - Emilia Bellone
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal and Child Health-Medical Genetics, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino-UOC Genetica Medica, Genoa, Italy
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8
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Ruskamo S, Krokengen OC, Kowal J, Nieminen T, Lehtimäki M, Raasakka A, Dandey VP, Vattulainen I, Stahlberg H, Kursula P. Cryo-EM, X-ray diffraction, and atomistic simulations reveal determinants for the formation of a supramolecular myelin-like proteolipid lattice. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:8692-8705. [PMID: 32265298 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.013087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Myelin protein P2 is a peripheral membrane protein of the fatty acid-binding protein family that functions in the formation and maintenance of the peripheral nerve myelin sheath. Several P2 gene mutations cause human Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathy, but the mature myelin sheath assembly mechanism is unclear. Here, cryo-EM of myelin-like proteolipid multilayers revealed an ordered three-dimensional (3D) lattice of P2 molecules between stacked lipid bilayers, visualizing supramolecular assembly at the myelin major dense line. The data disclosed that a single P2 layer is inserted between two bilayers in a tight intermembrane space of ∼3 nm, implying direct interactions between P2 and two membrane surfaces. X-ray diffraction from P2-stacked bicelle multilayers revealed lateral protein organization, and surface mutagenesis of P2 coupled with structure-function experiments revealed a role for both the portal region of P2 and its opposite face in membrane interactions. Atomistic molecular dynamics simulations of P2 on model membrane surfaces suggested that Arg-88 is critical for P2-membrane interactions, in addition to the helical lid domain. Negatively charged lipid headgroups stably anchored P2 on the myelin-like bilayer surface. Membrane binding may be accompanied by opening of the P2 β-barrel structure and ligand exchange with the apposing bilayer. Our results provide an unprecedented view into an ordered, multilayered biomolecular membrane system induced by the presence of a peripheral membrane protein from human myelin. This is an important step toward deciphering the 3D assembly of a mature myelin sheath at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salla Ruskamo
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland; Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Oda C Krokengen
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway
| | - Julia Kowal
- Center for Cellular Imaging and NanoAnalytics (C-CINA), Biozentrum, University of Basel, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tuomo Nieminen
- Computational Physics Laboratory, Tampere University, 33014 Tampere, Finland
| | - Mari Lehtimäki
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Arne Raasakka
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway
| | - Venkata P Dandey
- Center for Cellular Imaging and NanoAnalytics (C-CINA), Biozentrum, University of Basel, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ilpo Vattulainen
- Computational Physics Laboratory, Tampere University, 33014 Tampere, Finland; Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Henning Stahlberg
- Center for Cellular Imaging and NanoAnalytics (C-CINA), Biozentrum, University of Basel, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Petri Kursula
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland; Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland; Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway.
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9
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Poitelon Y, Kopec AM, Belin S. Myelin Fat Facts: An Overview of Lipids and Fatty Acid Metabolism. Cells 2020; 9:cells9040812. [PMID: 32230947 PMCID: PMC7226731 DOI: 10.3390/cells9040812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Myelin is critical for the proper function of the nervous system and one of the most complex cell–cell interactions of the body. Myelination allows for the rapid conduction of action potentials along axonal fibers and provides physical and trophic support to neurons. Myelin contains a high content of lipids, and the formation of the myelin sheath requires high levels of fatty acid and lipid synthesis, together with uptake of extracellular fatty acids. Recent studies have further advanced our understanding of the metabolism and functions of myelin fatty acids and lipids. In this review, we present an overview of the basic biology of myelin lipids and recent insights on the regulation of fatty acid metabolism and functions in myelinating cells. In addition, this review may serve to provide a foundation for future research characterizing the role of fatty acids and lipids in myelin biology and metabolic disorders affecting the central and peripheral nervous system.
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10
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Dowling P, Gargan S, Zweyer M, Swandulla D, Ohlendieck K. Proteomic profiling of fatty acid binding proteins in muscular dystrophy. Expert Rev Proteomics 2020; 17:137-148. [PMID: 32067530 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2020.1732214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Duchenne muscular dystrophy is a neuromuscular disorder, which is caused by abnormalities in the DMD gene that encodes the membrane cytoskeletal protein dystrophin. Besides progressive skeletal muscle wasting, dystrophinopathy also affects non-skeletal muscle tissues, including cells in the cardio-respiratory system, the central nervous system, the liver and the kidney.Areas covered: This review summarizes the proteomic characterization of a key class of lipid chaperones, the large family of fatty acid binding proteins, and their potential role in muscular dystrophy. Recent proteomic surveys using animal models and patient specimens are reviewed. Pathobiochemical changes in specific proteoforms of fatty acid binding protein in the multi-system pathology of dystrophinopathy are discussed.Expert opinion: The mass spectrometric identification of distinct changes in fatty acid binding proteins in muscle, heart, liver, kidney and serum demonstrates that considerable alterations occur in key steps of metabolite transport and fat metabolism in muscular dystrophy. These new findings might be helpful to further develop a comprehensive biomarker signature of metabolic changes in X-linked muscular dystrophy, which should improve (i) our understanding of complex pathobiochemical changes due to dystrophin deficiency, (ii) the identification of novel therapeutic targets, and (iii) the design of differential diagnostic, prognostic and therapy-monitoring approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Dowling
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, National University of Ireland, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland.,Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health Research, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
| | - Stephen Gargan
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, National University of Ireland, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland.,Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health Research, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
| | - Margit Zweyer
- Department of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Children's Hospital, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Kay Ohlendieck
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, National University of Ireland, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland.,Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health Research, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
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11
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Xu H, Diolintzi A, Storch J. Fatty acid-binding proteins: functional understanding and diagnostic implications. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2019; 22:407-412. [PMID: 31503024 PMCID: PMC9940447 DOI: 10.1097/mco.0000000000000600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Fatty acid-binding proteins (FABPs) are a family of small, abundant proteins with highly tissue-specific expression patterns whose different functions remain incompletely understood. The purpose of this review is to summarize recent findings regarding FABP functions and mechanisms of action, including their potential utilization as serum markers of tissue-specific metabolic diseases. RECENT FINDINGS FABPs are important not only in their tissues of origin but also appear to influence the metabolism and function of tissues distal to their sites of expression. This may be secondary to metabolic changes in their primary tissues, and/or a result of FABP secretion from these tissues leading to effects on distal sites. Their levels in the circulation are increasingly explored as potential biomarkers for tissue-specific disease prognosis and progression. SUMMARY The nine fatty acid-binding members of the FABP family have unique tissue-specific functions and important secondary effects on tissues in which they are not expressed. For many of the FABPs, circulating levels may be indicative of disease processes related to their primary tissues, and may influence physiological function in distal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heli Xu
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick,
- Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, New Jersey, USA
| | - Anastasia Diolintzi
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, New Jersey, USA
- Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, New Jersey, USA
| | - Judith Storch
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick,
- Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, New Jersey, USA
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12
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Peripheral myelin protein 2 - a novel cluster of mutations causing Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathy. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2019; 14:197. [PMID: 31412900 PMCID: PMC6692960 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-019-1162-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease is the most common inherited neuromuscular disorder characterized by wide clinical, genetic and pathomechanistic heterogeneity. Recently, the gene encoding peripheral myelin protein 2 (PMP2) was identified as a novel cause for CMT neuropathy with three mutations that structurally cluster together (p.Ile43Asn, p.Thr51Pro, p.Ile52Thr) reported in five families. RESULTS Using whole exome sequencing and cohort screening we identified two novel missense substitutions in PMP2 in Bulgarian (p.Met114Thr, c.341C > T) and German (p.Val115Ala, c.344 T > C) families. The mutations affect adjacent and highly conserved amino acid residues outside of the known mutation-rich region in the protein. Crystal structure analysis positions the affected residues within a cluster of highly conserved fatty acid coordinating residues implying their functional significance. The clinical, electrophysiological and imaging features in both families were consistent with a childhood onset polyneuropathy with variable patterns of demyelination, slow to very slow progression, and most severe involvement of the peroneal muscles. CONCLUSIONS We expand the genetic and phenotypic spectrum of PMP2-related peripheral neuropathy. Our findings reveal a second mutational cluster in the protein.
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Punetha J, Mackay-Loder L, Harel T, Coban-Akdemir Z, Jhangiani SN, Gibbs RA, Lee I, Terespolsky D, Lupski JR, Posey JE. Identification of a pathogenic PMP2 variant in a multi-generational family with CMT type 1: Clinical gene panels versus genome-wide approaches to molecular diagnosis. Mol Genet Metab 2018; 125:302-304. [PMID: 30249361 PMCID: PMC6326168 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2018.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease type 1 is an inherited peripheral neuropathy characterized by demyelination and reduced nerve conduction velocities. We present a multi-generational family with peripheral neuropathy in whom clinical CMT panel testing failed to conclude a molecular diagnosis. We found a PMP2 pathogenic variant c.155T > C, p.(Ile52Thr) that segregates with disease suggesting that PMP2 variants should be considered in patients with neuropathy and that it may be prudent to include in clinical CMT gene panels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaya Punetha
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Loren Mackay-Loder
- Department of Laboratory Medicine - Genetics Program, Trillium Health Partners, Mississauga, ON L5M 2N1, Canada
| | - Tamar Harel
- Department of Genetic and Metabolic Diseases, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel
| | - Zeynep Coban-Akdemir
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Shalini N Jhangiani
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Richard A Gibbs
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ian Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine - Genetics Program, Trillium Health Partners, Mississauga, ON L5M 2N1, Canada
| | - Deborah Terespolsky
- Department of Laboratory Medicine - Genetics Program, Trillium Health Partners, Mississauga, ON L5M 2N1, Canada
| | - James R Lupski
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Jennifer E Posey
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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Laulumaa S, Nieminen T, Raasakka A, Krokengen OC, Safaryan A, Hallin EI, Brysbaert G, Lensink MF, Ruskamo S, Vattulainen I, Kursula P. Structure and dynamics of a human myelin protein P2 portal region mutant indicate opening of the β barrel in fatty acid binding proteins. BMC STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2018; 18:8. [PMID: 29940944 PMCID: PMC6020228 DOI: 10.1186/s12900-018-0087-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Background Myelin is a multilayered proteolipid sheath wrapped around selected axons in the nervous system. Its constituent proteins play major roles in forming of the highly regular membrane structure. P2 is a myelin-specific protein of the fatty acid binding protein (FABP) superfamily, which is able to stack lipid bilayers together, and it is a target for mutations in the human inherited neuropathy Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. A conserved residue that has been proposed to participate in membrane and fatty acid binding and conformational changes in FABPs is Phe57. This residue is thought to be a gatekeeper for the opening of the portal region upon ligand entry and egress. Results We performed a structural characterization of the F57A mutant of human P2. The mutant protein was crystallized in three crystal forms, all of which showed changes in the portal region and helix α2. In addition, the behaviour of the mutant protein upon lipid bilayer binding suggested more unfolding than previously observed for wild-type P2. On the other hand, membrane binding rendered F57A heat-stable, similarly to wild-type P2. Atomistic molecular dynamics simulations showed opening of the side of the discontinuous β barrel, giving important indications on the mechanism of portal region opening and ligand entry into FABPs. The results suggest a central role for Phe57 in regulating the opening of the portal region in human P2 and other FABPs, and the F57A mutation disturbs dynamic cross-correlation networks in the portal region of P2. Conclusions Overall, the F57A variant presents similar properties to the P2 patient mutations recently linked to Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. Our results identify Phe57 as a residue regulating conformational changes that may accompany membrane surface binding and ligand exchange in P2 and other FABPs. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12900-018-0087-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saara Laulumaa
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,European Spallation Source (ESS), Lund, Sweden
| | - Tuomo Nieminen
- Department of Physics, Tampere University of Technology, Tampere, Finland
| | - Arne Raasakka
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Oda C Krokengen
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Erik I Hallin
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Guillaume Brysbaert
- Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, University of Lille, CNRS UMR8576 UGSF, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Marc F Lensink
- Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, University of Lille, CNRS UMR8576 UGSF, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Salla Ruskamo
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Ilpo Vattulainen
- Department of Physics, Tampere University of Technology, Tampere, Finland.,Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Petri Kursula
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland. .,Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
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Barakat-Walter I, Kraftsik R. Stimulating effect of thyroid hormones in peripheral nerve regeneration: research history and future direction toward clinical therapy. Neural Regen Res 2018; 13:599-608. [PMID: 29722302 PMCID: PMC5950660 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.230274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Injury to peripheral nerves is often observed in the clinic and severe injuries may cause loss of motor and sensory functions. Despite extensive investigation, testing various surgical repair techniques and neurotrophic molecules, at present, a satisfactory method to ensuring successful recovery does not exist. For successful molecular therapy in nerve regeneration, it is essential to improve the intrinsic ability of neurons to survive and to increase the speed of axonal outgrowth. Also to induce Schwann cell phenotypical changes to prepare the local environment favorable for axonal regeneration and myelination. Therefore, any molecule that regulates gene expression of both neurons and Schwann cells could play a crucial role in peripheral nerve regeneration. Clinical and experimental studies have reported that thyroid hormones are essential for the normal development and function of the nervous system, so they could be candidates for nervous system regeneration. This review provides an overview of studies devoted to testing the effect of thyroid hormones on peripheral nerve regeneration. Also it emphasizes the importance of combining biodegradable tubes with local administration of triiodothyronine for future clinical therapy of human severe injured nerves. We highlight that the local and single administration of triiodothyronine within biodegradable nerve guide improves significantly the regeneration of severed peripheral nerves, and accelerates functional recovering. This technique provides a serious step towards future clinical application of triiodothyronine in human severe injured nerves. The possible regulatory mechanism by which triiodothyronine stimulates peripheral nerve regeneration is a rapid action on both axotomized neurons and Schwann cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Barakat-Walter
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - R Kraftsik
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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