1
|
Pramanik R, Dey A, Chakrabarty AK, Banerjee D, Narwaria A, Sharma S, Rai RK, Katiyar CK, Dubey SK. Diabetes mellitus and Alzheimer's disease: Understanding disease mechanisms, their correlation, and promising dual activity of selected herbs. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 333:118402. [PMID: 38821139 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE This review explores the link between Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and diabetes-induced Alzheimer's disease (AD). It emphasizes the shared pathophysiological links and mechanisms between the two conditions, focusing on reduced insulin levels and receptors, impaired glucose metabolism, insulin resistance, mitochondrial dysfunction, and oxidative damage in AD-affected brains-paralleling aspects of T2DM. The review suggests AD as a "diabetes of the brain," supported by cognitive enhancement through antidiabetic interventions. It focuses on the traditionally used Indian herbs as a means to manage both conditions while addressing developmental challenges. AIM OF THE STUDY This study explores the DM-AD connection, reviewing medicinal herbs with protective potential for both ailments, considering traditional uses and developmental challenges. MATERIALS AND METHODS Studied research, reviews, and ethnobotanical and scientific data from electronic databases and traditional books. RESULTS The study analyzes the pathophysiological links between DM and AD, emphasizing their interconnected factors. Eight Ayurvedic plants with dual protective effects against T2DM and AD are thoroughly reviewed with preclinical/clinical evidence. Historical context, phytoconstituents, and traditional applications are explored. Innovative formulations using these plants are examined. Challenges stemming from phytoconstituents' physicochemical properties are highlighted, prompting novel formulation development, including nanotechnology-based delivery systems. The study uncovers obstacles in formulating treatments for these diseases. CONCLUSION The review showcases the dual potential of chosen medicinal herbs against both diseases, along with their traditional applications, endorsing their use. It addresses formulation obstacles, proposing innovative delivery technologies for herbal therapies, while acknowledging their constraints. The review suggests the need for heightened investment and research in this area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rima Pramanik
- R&D Healthcare Division, Emami Ltd, 13, BT Road, Belgharia, Kolkata, 700056, India
| | - Anuradha Dey
- R&D Healthcare Division, Emami Ltd, 13, BT Road, Belgharia, Kolkata, 700056, India
| | | | - Dipankar Banerjee
- R&D Healthcare Division, Emami Ltd, 13, BT Road, Belgharia, Kolkata, 700056, India
| | - Avinash Narwaria
- R&D Healthcare Division, Emami Ltd, 13, BT Road, Belgharia, Kolkata, 700056, India
| | - Swapnil Sharma
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, 304022, Rajasthan, India
| | - Rajiva Kumar Rai
- R&D Healthcare Division, Emami Ltd, 13, BT Road, Belgharia, Kolkata, 700056, India
| | - Chandra Kant Katiyar
- R&D Healthcare Division, Emami Ltd, 13, BT Road, Belgharia, Kolkata, 700056, India
| | - Sunil Kumar Dubey
- R&D Healthcare Division, Emami Ltd, 13, BT Road, Belgharia, Kolkata, 700056, India.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhang J, Li X, Zhang Z, Zhang J, Ma L, Wang S, Guo X, Li H, Pan B, Niu Q. Role of the RIP3-PGAM5-Drp1 pathway in aluminum-induced PC12 cells necroptosis. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 270:115860. [PMID: 38142589 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies from diverse global regions suggest a correlation between the accumulation of aluminum in the brain and the onset of various neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, of which, neuronal cells death happen. Our previous research has found the potential of aluminum to induce neuronal cell death. A comprehensive exploration of the regulatory pathways influenced by aluminum in neuronal cell death could contribute to the development of strategies aimed at preventing the detrimental impact of aluminum on neuronal cells. This study is dedicated to exploring the impact of aluminum on mitochondrial homeostasis through the RIP3-PGAM5-Drp1 pathway, with a specific focus on its potential role in necroptosis. We observed that the inhibition of RIP3 function and the reduction in PGAM5 protein expression both mitigate aluminum-induced necroptosis in PC12 cells and enhance mitochondrial function. However, the inhibition of PGAM5 protein expression does not exert an impact on the expression of RIP3 and MLKL proteins. In summary, our study posits that aluminum can induce necroptosis in PC12 cells through the RIP3-PGAM5-Drp1 pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingsi Zhang
- Section of Occupational Medicine, Department of Special Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Zhuoran Zhang
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Jintao Zhang
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Limin Ma
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- Section of Occupational Medicine, Department of Special Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Xin Guo
- Section of Occupational Medicine, Department of Special Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China; Sixth Hospital of Shanxi Medical University (General Hospital of Tisco), Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Huan Li
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China; Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272000, China
| | - Baolong Pan
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China; Sixth Hospital of Shanxi Medical University (General Hospital of Tisco), Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Qiao Niu
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Singh S, Agrawal M, Vashist R, Patel RK, Sangave SD, Alexander A. Recent advancements on in vitro blood-brain barrier model: A reliable and efficient screening approach for preclinical and clinical investigation. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2023; 20:1839-1857. [PMID: 38100459 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2023.2295940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The efficiency of brain therapeutics is greatly hindered by the blood-brain barrier (BBB). BBB's protective function, selective permeability, and dynamic functionality maintain the harmony between the brain and peripheral region. Thus, the design of any novel drug carrier system requires the complete study and investigation of BBB permeability, efflux transport, and the effect of associated cellular and non-vascular unit trafficking on BBB penetrability. The in vitro BBB models offer a most promising, and reliable mode of initial investigation of BBB permeability and associated factors as strong evidence for further preclinical and clinical investigation. AREA COVERED This review work covers the structure and functions of BBB components and different types of in vitro BBB models along with factors affecting BBB model development and model selection criteria. EXPERT OPINION In vivo models assume to reciprocate the physiological environment to the maximum extent. However, the interspecies variability, NVUs trafficking, dynamic behavior of BBB, etc., lead to non-reproducible results. The in vitro models are comparatively less complex, and flexible, as per the study design, could generate substantial evidence and help identify suitable in vivo animal model selection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Snigdha Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Guwahati, India
| | - Mukta Agrawal
- School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, Narsee Monjee Institute of Management Studies, Mahbubnagar, India
| | - Rajat Vashist
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Guwahati, India
| | - Rohit K Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Guwahati, India
| | | | - Amit Alexander
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Guwahati, India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Nguyen TH, Wang SL, Nguyen VB. Microorganism-Derived Molecules as Enzyme Inhibitors to Target Alzheimer's Diseases Pathways. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16040580. [PMID: 37111337 PMCID: PMC10146315 DOI: 10.3390/ph16040580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia. It increases the risk of other serious diseases and causes a huge impact on individuals, families, and socioeconomics. AD is a complex multifactorial disease, and current pharmacological therapies are largely based on the inhibition of enzymes involved in the pathogenesis of AD. Natural enzyme inhibitors are the potential sources for targeting AD treatment and are mainly collected from plants, marine organisms, or microorganisms. In particular, microbial sources have many advantages compared to other sources. While several reviews on AD have been reported, most of these previous reviews focused on presenting and discussing the general theory of AD or overviewing enzyme inhibitors from various sources, such as chemical synthesis, plants, and marine organisms, while only a few reviews regarding microbial sources of enzyme inhibitors against AD are available. Currently, multi-targeted drug investigation is a new trend for the potential treatment of AD. However, there is no review that has comprehensively discussed the various kinds of enzyme inhibitors from the microbial source. This review extensively addresses the above-mentioned aspect and simultaneously updates and provides a more comprehensive view of the enzyme targets involved in the pathogenesis of AD. The emerging trend of using in silico studies to discover drugs concerning AD inhibitors from microorganisms and perspectives for further experimental studies are also covered here.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thi Hanh Nguyen
- Doctoral Program in Applied Sciences, Tamkang University, New Taipei City 25137, Taiwan
- Department of Chemistry, Tamkang University, New Taipei City 25137, Taiwan
| | - San-Lang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Tamkang University, New Taipei City 25137, Taiwan
| | - Van Bon Nguyen
- Institute of Biotechnology and Environment, Tay Nguyen University, Buon Ma Thuot 630000, Vietnam
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Donthi MR, Munnangi SR, Krishna KV, Saha RN, Singhvi G, Dubey SK. Nanoemulgel: A Novel Nano Carrier as a Tool for Topical Drug Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15010164. [PMID: 36678794 PMCID: PMC9863395 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15010164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Nano-emulgel is an emerging drug delivery system intended to enhance the therapeutic profile of lipophilic drugs. Lipophilic formulations have a variety of limitations, which includes poor solubility, unpredictable absorption, and low oral bioavailability. Nano-emulgel, an amalgamated preparation of different systems aims to deal with these limitations. The novel system prepared by the incorporation of nano-emulsion into gel improves stability and enables drug delivery for both immediate and controlled release. The focus on nano-emulgel has also increased due to its ability to achieve targeted delivery, ease of application, absence of gastrointestinal degradation or the first pass metabolism, and safety profile. This review focuses on the formulation components of nano-emulgel for topical drug delivery, pharmacokinetics and safety profiles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahipal Reddy Donthi
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS-PILANI), Pilani Campus, Pilani 333031, India
| | - Siva Ram Munnangi
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS-PILANI), Pilani Campus, Pilani 333031, India
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA
| | - Kowthavarapu Venkata Krishna
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS-PILANI), Pilani Campus, Pilani 333031, India
- Center for Pharmacometrics and Systems Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
| | - Ranendra Narayan Saha
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS-PILANI), Pilani Campus, Pilani 333031, India
| | - Gautam Singhvi
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS-PILANI), Pilani Campus, Pilani 333031, India
| | - Sunil Kumar Dubey
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS-PILANI), Pilani Campus, Pilani 333031, India
- R&D Healthcare Division Emami Ltd., 13, BT Road, Kolkata 700056, India
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +91-8239703734
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Formulation and evaluation of nasal insert for nose-to-brain drug delivery of rivastigmine tartrate. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
7
|
HS3ST2 expression induces the cell autonomous aggregation of tau. Sci Rep 2022; 12:10850. [PMID: 35760982 PMCID: PMC9237029 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13486-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Heparan sulfates have long been known to intracellularly accumulate in Alzheimer’s disease neurons, where they colocalize with neurofibrillary tangles made of abnormally phosphorylated and aggregated tau protein. However, the reasons and consequences of the heparan sulfates accumulation in the Alzheimer’s cells are not yet well understood. Previously, we showed that the neural heparan sulfate 3-O-sulfotransferase HS3ST2 is critical for the abnormal phosphorylation of tau in Alzheimer's disease-related tauopathy. Using cell models of tauopathy we showed that intracellular 3-O-sulfatated heparan sulfates interact with tau inducing its abnormal phosphorylation. However, it is unknown whether HS3ST2 expression induces the intracellular aggregation of tau in cells. Here, by using replicative pEBV plasmids, we engineered HEK293 cells to stably express HS3ST2 together with human tau carrying or not the P301S mutation. We show that HS3ST2 gain of function induces the cell autonomous aggregation of tau not only in cells expressing tauP301S, but also in cells expressing the wild type tau. Our engineered cells mimicked both the HS intracellular accumulation observed in neurons of Alzheimer’s disease and the tau aggregation characteristic of tauopathy development and evolution. These results give evidence that the neural HS3ST2 plays a critical role in the cell autonomous self-aggregation of tau.
Collapse
|
8
|
Vijikumar A, Saralkar P, Saylor SD, Sullivan PG, Huber JD, Geldenhuys WJ. Novel mitoNEET ligand NL-1 improves therapeutic outcomes in an aged rat model of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. Exp Neurol 2022; 355:114128. [PMID: 35662609 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2022.114128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral ischemic stroke is a leading cause of mortality and disability worldwide. Currently, there are a lack of drugs capable of reducing neuronal cell loss due to ischemia/reperfusion-injury after stroke. Previously, we identified mitoNEET, a [2Fe-2S] redox mitochondrial protein, as a putative drug target for ischemic stroke. In this study, we tested NL-1, a novel mitoNEET ligand, in a preclinical model of ischemic stroke with reperfusion using aged female rats. Using a transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO), we induced a 2 h ischemic injury and then evaluated the effects of NL-1 treatment on ischemic/reperfusion brain injury at 24 and 72 h. Test compounds were administered at time of reperfusion via intravenous dosing. Results of the study demonstrated that NL-1 (10 mg/kg) treatment markedly improved survival and reduced infarct volume and hemispheric swelling in the brain as compared aged rats treated with vehicle or a lower dose of NL-1 (0.25 mg/kg). Interestingly, the protective effect of NL-1 was significantly improved when encapsulated in PLGA nanoparticles, where a 40-fold lesser dose (0.25 mg/kg) of NL-1 produced an equivalent effect as the 10 mg/kg dose. Evaluation of changes in blood-brain barrier permeability and lipid peroxidation corroborated the protective actions of NL-1 (10 mg/kg) or NL-1 NP treatment demonstrated a reduced accumulation of parenchymal IgG, decreased levels of 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) and a decreased TUNEL positive cells in the brains of aged female rats at 72 h after tMCAO with reperfusion. Our studies indicate that targeting mitoNEET following ischemia/reperfusion-injury is a novel drug target pathway that warrants further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aruvi Vijikumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, United States of America
| | - Pushkar Saralkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, United States of America
| | - Scott D Saylor
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, United States of America
| | - Patrick G Sullivan
- Department of Neuroscience, Spinal and Brain Injury Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, United States of America
| | - Jason D Huber
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, United States of America; Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, United States of America.
| | - Werner J Geldenhuys
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, United States of America; Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, United States of America; Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Branca JJV, Carrino D, Paternostro F, Morucci G, Fiorillo C, Nicoletti C, Gulisano M, Ghelardini C, Di Cesare Mannelli L, Becatti M, Pacini A. The Protection of Zinc against Acute Cadmium Exposure: A Morphological and Molecular Study on a BBB In Vitro Model. Cells 2022; 11:cells11101646. [PMID: 35626683 PMCID: PMC9140137 DOI: 10.3390/cells11101646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a well-known occupational and environmental pollutant worldwide, and its toxicity is widely recognised. Cd is reported to increase the permeability of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) and to penetrate and accumulate in the brain. Although many lines of evidence show that Cd toxicity is induced by different mechanisms, one of the best known is the Cd-dependent production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Zinc is a trace element known as coenzyme and cofactor for many antioxidant proteins, such as metallothioneins and superoxide dismutase enzymes. To date, very little is known about the role of Zn in preventing Cd-induced blood–brain barrier (BBB) alterations. The goal of this study was to test the Zn antioxidant capacity against Cd-dependent alterations in a rat brain endothelial cell line (RBE4), as an in vitro model for BBB. In order to mimic acute Cd poisoning, RBE4 cells were treated with CdCl2 30 µM for 24 h. The protective role of ZnCl2 (50 µM) was revealed by evaluating the cell viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS) quantification, cytochrome C distribution, and the superoxide dismutase (SOD) protein activity. Additionally, the effectiveness of Zn in counteracting the Cd-induced damage was investigated by evaluating the expression levels of proteins already known to be involved in the Cd signalling pathway, such as GRP78 (an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress protein), caspase3 pro- and cleaved forms, and BAX. Finally, we evaluated if Zn was able to attenuate the alterations of zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), one of the tight-junction (TJ) proteins involved in the formation of the BBB. Our data clearly demonstrate that Zn, by protecting from the SOD activity impairment induced by Cd, is able to prevent the triggering of the Cd-dependent signalling pathway that leads to ZO-1 dislocation and downregulation, and BBB damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo J. V. Branca
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Histology and Anatomy Section, University of Firenze, 50134 Firenze, Italy; (J.J.V.B.); (D.C.); (F.P.); (C.N.); (M.G.)
| | - Donatello Carrino
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Histology and Anatomy Section, University of Firenze, 50134 Firenze, Italy; (J.J.V.B.); (D.C.); (F.P.); (C.N.); (M.G.)
| | - Ferdinando Paternostro
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Histology and Anatomy Section, University of Firenze, 50134 Firenze, Italy; (J.J.V.B.); (D.C.); (F.P.); (C.N.); (M.G.)
| | - Gabriele Morucci
- Department of Translational Research and New Technology in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Claudia Fiorillo
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences ‘Mario Serio’, University of Firenze, 50134 Firenze, Italy; (C.F.); (M.B.)
| | - Claudio Nicoletti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Histology and Anatomy Section, University of Firenze, 50134 Firenze, Italy; (J.J.V.B.); (D.C.); (F.P.); (C.N.); (M.G.)
| | - Massimo Gulisano
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Histology and Anatomy Section, University of Firenze, 50134 Firenze, Italy; (J.J.V.B.); (D.C.); (F.P.); (C.N.); (M.G.)
| | - Carla Ghelardini
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Firenze, 50139 Firenze, Italy; (C.G.); (L.D.C.M.)
| | - Lorenzo Di Cesare Mannelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Firenze, 50139 Firenze, Italy; (C.G.); (L.D.C.M.)
| | - Matteo Becatti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences ‘Mario Serio’, University of Firenze, 50134 Firenze, Italy; (C.F.); (M.B.)
| | - Alessandra Pacini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Histology and Anatomy Section, University of Firenze, 50134 Firenze, Italy; (J.J.V.B.); (D.C.); (F.P.); (C.N.); (M.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-055-2758067
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Cell models for Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease: At the interface of biology and drug discovery. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 149:112924. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
|
11
|
Cell models for Down syndrome-Alzheimer’s disease research. Neuronal Signal 2022; 6:NS20210054. [PMID: 35449591 PMCID: PMC8996251 DOI: 10.1042/ns20210054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS) is the most common chromosomal abnormality and leads to intellectual disability, increased risk of cardiac defects, and an altered immune response. Individuals with DS have an extra full or partial copy of chromosome 21 (trisomy 21) and are more likely to develop early-onset Alzheimer’s disease (AD) than the general population. Changes in expression of human chromosome 21 (Hsa21)-encoded genes, such as amyloid precursor protein (APP), play an important role in the pathogenesis of AD in DS (DS-AD). However, the mechanisms of DS-AD remain poorly understood. To date, several mouse models with an extra copy of genes syntenic to Hsa21 have been developed to characterise DS-AD-related phenotypes. Nonetheless, due to genetic and physiological differences between mouse and human, mouse models cannot faithfully recapitulate all features of DS-AD. Cells differentiated from human-induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), isolated from individuals with genetic diseases, can be used to model disease-related cellular and molecular pathologies, including DS. In this review, we will discuss the limitations of mouse models of DS and how these can be addressed using recent advancements in modelling DS using human iPSCs and iPSC-mouse chimeras, and potential applications of iPSCs in preclinical studies for DS-AD.
Collapse
|
12
|
A hybrid approach unveils drug repurposing candidates targeting an Alzheimer pathophysiology mechanism. PATTERNS (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 3:100433. [PMID: 35510183 PMCID: PMC9058900 DOI: 10.1016/j.patter.2021.100433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The high number of failed pre-clinical and clinical studies for compounds targeting Alzheimer disease (AD) has demonstrated that there is a need to reassess existing strategies. Here, we pursue a holistic, mechanism-centric drug repurposing approach combining computational analytics and experimental screening data. Based on this integrative workflow, we identified 77 druggable modifiers of tau phosphorylation (pTau). One of the upstream modulators of pTau, HDAC6, was screened with 5,632 drugs in a tau-specific assay, resulting in the identification of 20 repurposing candidates. Four compounds and their known targets were found to have a link to AD-specific genes. Our approach can be applied to a variety of AD-associated pathophysiological mechanisms to identify more repurposing candidates. Drug-repurposing approach that combines in silico analyses and in vitro screenings A drug- and mechanism-oriented model, the Human Brain Pharmacome (HBP) was created The HBP was used to mine data related to drugs and targets to generate a hypothesis Experimental evidence validated predicted drug-target combinations
Owing to current setbacks in the discovery and development of novel treatments tackling Alzheimer disease (AD), a re-evaluation of research and development (R&D) strategies is underway. Here, we present a holistic pharmacological approach that combines drug-target information with knowledge graphs that represent essential pathophysiology mechanisms. The resulting Human Brain Pharmacome (HBP) embeds hundreds of relevant drug-target interactions in the context of disease mechanisms governing AD. We demonstrate how such a tool can be used to aid AD research by identifying already-approved drugs that have the potential to treat the disease, thereby bypassing the expensive and time-consuming task of researching and developing a new drug. In our study, we identified new drug-target combinations and provided mechanistic explanations that help to improve our understanding of AD pathology and support future development of effective therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
|
13
|
Poustforoosh A, Nematollahi MH, Hashemipour H, Pardakhty A. Recent advances in Bio-conjugated nanocarriers for crossing the Blood-Brain Barrier in (pre-)clinical studies with an emphasis on vesicles. J Control Release 2022; 343:777-797. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
14
|
A P, Agrawal M, Dethe MR, Ahmed H, Yadav A, Gupta U, Alexander A. Nose-to-brain drug delivery for the treatment of Alzheimer's Disease: Current advancements and challenges. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2022; 19:87-102. [PMID: 35040728 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2022.2029845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The irreversible destruction of neurons, progressive loss of memory and cognitive behavior, high cost of therapy, and impact on society desire a better, effective, and affordable treatment of AD. The nose-to-brain drug delivery approach holds a great potential to access the brain without any hindrance of BBB and result in higher bioavailability thus better therapeutic efficacy of anti-AD drugs. AREAS COVERED The present review article highlighted the current facts and worldwide statistics of AD and its detailed etiology. Followed by barriers to brain delivery, nose-to-brain delivery, their limitations, and amalgamation with various novel carrier systems. We have emphasized recent advancements in nose-to-brain delivery using mucoadhesive, stimuli-responsive carriers, polymeric nanoparticles, lipid nanoparticles, protein/peptide delivery for treatment of AD. EXPERT OPINION The available therapies are symptomatic, mitigate the symptoms of AD at the initial stages. In this lieu, nose-to-brain delivery has the ability to overcome these limitations and increase drug bioavailability in the brain. Various novel strategies including stimuli-responsive systems, nanoparticles, etc. enhance the nasal drug permeation, protects the drug, and enhance its therapeutic potency. Although, successful preclinical data does not assure the clinical success of the therapy and hence exhaustive clinical investigations are needed to make the therapy available for patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prabakaran A
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER-Guwahati), Sila, Changsari, Kamrup, Guwahati, Assam, India, 781101
| | - Mukta Agrawal
- School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's Narsee Monjee Institute of Management Studies (NMIMS), Hyderabad, India, 509301
| | - Mithun Rajendra Dethe
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER-Guwahati), Sila, Changsari, Kamrup, Guwahati, Assam, India, 781101
| | - Hafiz Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER-Guwahati), Sila, Changsari, Kamrup, Guwahati, Assam, India, 781101
| | - Awesh Yadav
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Raebareli, Uttar Pradesh, India, 226002
| | - Umesh Gupta
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, Central University of Rajasthan, Bandarsindri, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India, 305817
| | - Amit Alexander
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER-Guwahati), Sila, Changsari, Kamrup, Guwahati, Assam, India, 781101
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
In Vitro Methodologies to Study the Role of Advanced Glycation End Products (AGEs) in Neurodegeneration. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14020363. [PMID: 35057544 PMCID: PMC8777776 DOI: 10.3390/nu14020363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) can be present in food or be endogenously produced in biological systems. Their formation has been associated with chronic neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, multiple sclerosis, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. The implication of AGEs in neurodegeneration is related to their ability to bind to AGE-specific receptors and the ability of their precursors to induce the so-called “dicarbonyl stress”, resulting in cross-linking and protein damage. However, the mode of action underlying their role in neurodegeneration remains unclear. While some research has been carried out in observational clinical studies, further in vitro studies may help elucidate these underlying modes of action. This review presents and discusses in vitro methodologies used in research on the potential role of AGEs in neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. The overview reveals the main concepts linking AGEs to neurodegeneration, the current findings, and the available and advisable in vitro models to study their role. Moreover, the major questions regarding the role of AGEs in neurodegenerative diseases and the challenges and discrepancies in the research field are discussed.
Collapse
|
16
|
Pandey A, Sarkar S, Yadav SK, Yadav SS, Srikrishna S, Siddiqui MH, Parmar D, Yadav S. Studies on Regulation of Global Protein Profile and Cellular Bioenergetics of Differentiating SH-SY5Y Cells. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:1799-1818. [PMID: 35025051 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02667-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The SH-SY5Y cells differentiated by sequential exposure of retinoic acid (RA) and brain-derived neurotrophic growth factor (BDNF) are a well-employed cellular model for studying the mechanistic aspects of neural development and neurodegeneration. Earlier studies from our lab have identified dramatic upregulation (77 miRNAs) and downregulation (17 miRNAs) of miRNAs in SH-SY5Y cells differentiated with successive exposure of RA + BDNF and demonstrated the essential role of increased levels of P53 proteins in coping with the differentiation-induced changes in protein levels. In continuation to our earlier studies, we have performed unbiased LC-MS/MS global protein profiling of naïve and differentiated SH-SY5Y cells and analyzed the identified proteins in reference to miRNAs identified in our earlier studies to identify the cellular events regulated by both identified miRNAs and proteins. Analysis of LC-MS/MS data has shown a significant increase and decrease in levels of 215 and 163 proteins, respectively, in differentiated SH-SY5Y cells. Integrative analysis of miRNA identified in our previous studies and protein identified in the present study is carried out to discover novel miRNA-protein regulatory modules to elucidate miRNA-protein regulatory relationships of differentiating neurons. In silico network analysis of miRNAs and proteins deregulated upon SH-SY5Y differentiation identified cell cycle, synapse formation, axonogenesis, differentiation, neuron projection, and neurotransmission, as the topmost involved pathways. Further, measuring mitochondrial dynamics and cellular bioenergetics using qPCR and Seahorse XFp Flux Analyzer, respectively, showed that differentiated cells possess increased mitochondrial dynamics and OCR relative to undifferentiated cells. In summary, our studies have identified a novel set of proteins deregulated during neuronal differentiation and establish the role of miRNAs identified in earlier studies in the regulation of proteins identified by LC-MS/MS-based global profiling of differentiating neurons, which will help in future studies related to neural development and neurodegeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anuj Pandey
- Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, , CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Uttar Pradesh, Vishvigyan Bhawan, Lucknow, India.,Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Sana Sarkar
- Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, , CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Uttar Pradesh, Vishvigyan Bhawan, Lucknow, India.,Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Integral University, Lucknow, India
| | - Sanjeev Kumar Yadav
- Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, , CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Uttar Pradesh, Vishvigyan Bhawan, Lucknow, India
| | - Smriti Singh Yadav
- Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, , CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Uttar Pradesh, Vishvigyan Bhawan, Lucknow, India
| | - Saripella Srikrishna
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | | | - Devendra Parmar
- Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, , CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Uttar Pradesh, Vishvigyan Bhawan, Lucknow, India.
| | - Sanjay Yadav
- Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, , CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Uttar Pradesh, Vishvigyan Bhawan, Lucknow, India. .,All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Uttar Pradesh, Raebareli, India.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Taslimifar M, Faltys M, Kurtcuoglu V, Verrey F, Makrides V. Analysis of L-leucine amino acid transporter species activity and gene expression by human blood brain barrier hCMEC/D3 model reveal potential LAT1, LAT4, B 0AT2 and y +LAT1 functional cooperation. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2022; 42:90-103. [PMID: 34427144 PMCID: PMC8721536 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x211039593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In the CNS, amino acid (AA) neurotransmitters and neurotransmitter precursors are subject to tight homeostatic control mediated by blood-brain barrier (BBB) solute carrier amino acid transporters (AATs). Since the BBB is composed of multiple closely apposed cell types and opportunities for human in vivo studies are limited, we used in vitro and computational approaches to investigate human BBB AAT activity and regulation. Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) of the human BBB endothelial cell model hCMEC/D3 (D3) was used to determine expression of selected AAT, tight junction (TJ), and signal transduction (ST) genes under various culture conditions. L-leucine uptake data were interrogated with a computational model developed by our group for calculating AAT activity in complex cell cultures. This approach is potentially applicable to in vitro cell culture drug studies where multiple "receptors" may mediate observed responses. Of 7 Leu AAT genes expressed by D3 only the activity of SLC7A5-SLC3A2/LAT1-4F2HC (LAT1), SLC43A2/LAT4 (LAT4) and sodium-dependent AATs, SLC6A15/B0AT2 (B0AT2), and SLC7A7/y+LAT1 (y+LAT1) were calculated to be required for Leu uptake. Therefore, D3 Leu transport may be mediated by a potentially physiologically relevant functional cooperation between the known BBB AAT, LAT1 and obligatory exchange (y+LAT1), facilitative diffusion (LAT4), and sodium symporter (B0AT2) transporters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Taslimifar
- The Interface Group, Institute of Physiology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.,Epithelial Transport Group, Institute of Physiology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Faltys
- Epithelial Transport Group, Institute of Physiology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.,Department of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Vartan Kurtcuoglu
- The Interface Group, Institute of Physiology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.,National Center of Competence in Research, Kidney CH, Switzerland
| | - François Verrey
- Epithelial Transport Group, Institute of Physiology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.,National Center of Competence in Research, Kidney CH, Switzerland
| | - Victoria Makrides
- The Interface Group, Institute of Physiology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.,Epithelial Transport Group, Institute of Physiology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.,EIC BioMedical Labs, Norwood, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Garcia G, Pinto S, Cunha M, Fernandes A, Koistinaho J, Brites D. Neuronal Dynamics and miRNA Signaling Differ between SH-SY5Y APPSwe and PSEN1 Mutant iPSC-Derived AD Models upon Modulation with miR-124 Mimic and Inhibitor. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092424. [PMID: 34572073 PMCID: PMC8465877 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal miRNA dysregulation may have a role in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). miRNA(miR)-124 is largely abundant and a critical player in many neuronal functions. However, the lack of models reliably recapitulating AD pathophysiology hampers our understanding of miR-124's role in the disease. Using the classical human SH-SY5Y-APP695 Swedish neuroblastoma cells (SH-SWE) and the PSEN1 mutant iPSC-derived neurons (iNEU-PSEN), we observed a sustained upregulation of miR-124/miR-125b/miR-21, but only miR-124 was consistently shuttled into their exosomes. The miR-124 mimic reduced APP gene expression in both AD models. While miR-124 mimic in SH-SWE neurons led to neurite outgrowth, mitochondria activation and small Aβ oligomer reduction, in iNEU-PSEN cells it diminished Tau phosphorylation, whereas miR-124 inhibitor decreased dendritic spine density. In exosomes, cellular transfection with the mimic predominantly downregulated miR-125b/miR-21/miR-146a/miR-155. The miR-124 inhibitor upregulated miR-146a in the two experimental cell models, while it led to distinct miRNA signatures in cells and exosomes. In sum, though miR-124 function may be dependent on the neuronal AD model, data indicate that keeping miR-124 level strictly controlled is crucial for proper neuronal function. Moreover, the iNEU-PSEN cellular model stands out as a useful tool for AD mechanistic studies and perhaps for the development of personalized therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gonçalo Garcia
- Neuroinflammation, Signaling and Neuroregeneration Laboratory, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal; (G.G.); (S.P.); (M.C.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal;
| | - Sara Pinto
- Neuroinflammation, Signaling and Neuroregeneration Laboratory, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal; (G.G.); (S.P.); (M.C.)
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Mar Cunha
- Neuroinflammation, Signaling and Neuroregeneration Laboratory, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal; (G.G.); (S.P.); (M.C.)
| | - Adelaide Fernandes
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal;
- Central Nervous System, Blood and Peripheral Inflammation, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Jari Koistinaho
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland; or
- Neuroscience Center, Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Dora Brites
- Neuroinflammation, Signaling and Neuroregeneration Laboratory, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal; (G.G.); (S.P.); (M.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-217946450
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Vignon A, Salvador-Prince L, Lehmann S, Perrier V, Torrent J. Deconstructing Alzheimer's Disease: How to Bridge the Gap between Experimental Models and the Human Pathology? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:8769. [PMID: 34445475 PMCID: PMC8395727 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Discovered more than a century ago, Alzheimer's disease (AD) is not only still present in our societies but has also become the most common dementia, with 50 million people worldwide affected by the disease. This number is expected to double in the next generation, and no cure is currently available to slow down or stop the disease progression. Recently, some advances were made due to the approval of the aducanumab treatment by the American Food and Drug Administration. The etiology of this human-specific disease remains poorly understood, and the mechanisms of its development have not been completely clarified. Several hypotheses concerning the molecular mechanisms of AD have been proposed, but the existing studies focus primarily on the two main markers of the disease: the amyloid β peptides, whose aggregation in the brain generates amyloid plaques, and the abnormally phosphorylated tau proteins, which are responsible for neurofibrillary tangles. These protein aggregates induce neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration, which, in turn, lead to cognitive and behavioral deficits. The challenge is, therefore, to create models that best reproduce this pathology. This review aims at gathering the different existing AD models developed in vitro, in cellulo, and in vivo. Many models have already been set up, but it is necessary to identify the most relevant ones for our investigations. The purpose of the review is to help researchers to identify the most pertinent disease models, from the most often used to the most recently generated and from simple to complex, explaining their specificities and giving concrete examples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anaïs Vignon
- INM, University of Montpellier, INSERM, 34095 Montpellier, France; (A.V.); (L.S.-P.)
| | - Lucie Salvador-Prince
- INM, University of Montpellier, INSERM, 34095 Montpellier, France; (A.V.); (L.S.-P.)
| | - Sylvain Lehmann
- INM, University of Montpellier, INSERM, CHU Montpellier, 34095 Montpellier, France;
| | - Véronique Perrier
- INM, University of Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Joan Torrent
- INM, University of Montpellier, INSERM, 34095 Montpellier, France; (A.V.); (L.S.-P.)
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
The Potential of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells to Treat and Model Alzheimer's Disease. Stem Cells Int 2021; 2021:5511630. [PMID: 34122554 PMCID: PMC8172295 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5511630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
An estimated 6.2 million Americans aged 65 or older are currently living with Alzheimer's disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disease that disrupts an individual's ability to function independently through the degeneration of key regions in the brain, including but not limited to the hippocampus, the prefrontal cortex, and the motor cortex. The cause of this degeneration is not known, but research has found two proteins that undergo posttranslational modifications: tau, a protein concentrated in the axons of neurons, and amyloid precursor protein (APP), a protein concentrated near the synapse. Through mechanisms that have yet to be elucidated, the accumulation of these two proteins in their abnormal aggregate forms leads to the neurodegeneration that is characteristic of AD. Until the invention of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) in 2006, the bulk of research was carried out using transgenic animal models that offered little promise in their ability to translate well from benchtop to bedside, creating a bottleneck in the development of therapeutics. However, with iPSC, patient-specific cell cultures can be utilized to create models based on human cells. These human cells have the potential to avoid issues in translatability that have plagued animal models by providing researchers with a model that closely resembles and mimics the neurons found in humans. By using human iPSC technology, researchers can create more accurate models of AD ex vivo while also focusing on regenerative medicine using iPSC in vivo. The following review focuses on the current uses of iPSC and how they have the potential to regenerate damaged neuronal tissue, in the hopes that these technologies can assist in getting through the bottleneck of AD therapeutic research.
Collapse
|
21
|
Cheng D, Yang XJ, Zhang L, Qin ZS, Li WQ, Xu HC, Zhang ZJ. Tortoise Plastron and Deer Antler Gelatin Prevents Against Neuronal Mitochondrial Dysfunction In Vitro: Implication for a Potential Therapy of Alzheimer's Disease. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:690256. [PMID: 34054561 PMCID: PMC8155591 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.690256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction with oxidative damage plays the fundamental roles in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. In traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) practice, animal tissue-derived gelatins are often used as nootropic agents to treat cognitive deterioration and senile dementia. Tortoise plastron gelatin (TPG) and deer antler gelatin (DAG) are the two most commonly used gelatins for this purpose. This study sought to examine the effects of the two gelatins in preventing neuronal mitochondria from oxidative damage. PC12 cells, a cell line derived from rat pheochromocytoma, exposed to the neurotoxin Aβ25-35 served as an in vitro model of Alzheimer's disease. The cells were separately pre-treated with TPG and DAG at various concentrations ranging from 6.26 µg/ml-200 µg/ml, followed by co-incubation with 20 μM Aβ25-35 for different duration. Cell viability, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and ultrastructure, intracellular ATP, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and calcium (Ca2+) level, the expression of mitochondrial dynamic proteins and biomarkers of apoptosis were measured. Pretreatment with TPG and DAG reversed the Aβ-induced reduction of cell viability in a dose-dependent manner. Both TPG and DAG significantly increased MMP and ATP, alleviated the accumulation of damaged mitochondrial fragments, and normalized the aberrant expression of multiple mitochondrial dynamic proteins of the Aβ-exposed cells. Both gelatins also suppressed intracellular ROS overproduction and Ca2+ overload, overexpression of cytochrome c and pro-apoptosis biomarkers induced by the Aβ exposure. These results suggest that TPG and DAG may have the anti-dementia potential by preventing neuronal mitochondria from oxidative damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Cheng
- School of Chinese Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xin-Jing Yang
- School of Chinese Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital (HKU-SZH), Shenzhen, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zong-Shi Qin
- School of Chinese Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wen-Qi Li
- School of Chinese Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hai-Chun Xu
- Shenyang Jing'an Mental Health Hospital, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhang-Jin Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital (HKU-SZH), Shenzhen, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Kriaučiūnaitė K, Pociūtė A, Kaušylė A, Pajarskienė J, Verkhratsky A, Pivoriūnas A. Concentration-dependent duality of bFGF in regulation of barrier properties of human brain endothelial cells. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:7642-7654. [PMID: 33959949 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Multiple paracrine factors regulate the barrier properties of human brain capillary endothelial cells (BCECs). Understanding the precise mode of action of these factors remains a challenging task, because of the limited availability of functionally competent BCECs and the use of serum-containing medium. In the present study, we employed a defined protocol for producing BCECs from human inducible pluripotent stem cells. We found that autocrine secretion of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) is necessary for the establishment a tight BCECs barrier, as revealed by measurements of transendothelial electric resistance (TEER). In contrast, addition of exogenous bFGF in concentrations higher than 4 ng/ml inhibited TEER in a concentration-dependent manner. Exogenous bFGF did not significantly affect expression and distribution of tight junction proteins claudin-5, occludin and zonula occludens (ZO)-1. Treatment with FGF receptor blocker PD173074 (15 µM) suppressed inhibitory effects of bFGF and induced nuclear translocation of protein ZO-1. Inhibition of phosphoinositide 3-Kinase (PI-3K) with LY294002 (25 µM) significantly potentiated an inhibitory effect of bFGF on TEER indicating that PI-3K signalling pathway counteracts bFGF modulation of TEER. In conclusion, we show that autocrine bFGF secretion is necessary for the proper barrier function of BCECs, whereas exogenous bFGF in higher doses suppresses barrier resistance. Our findings demonstrate a dual role for bFGF in the regulation of BCEC barrier function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Kriaučiūnaitė
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Agnė Pociūtė
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Aida Kaušylė
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Justina Pajarskienė
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Alexei Verkhratsky
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania.,Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Achucarro Centre for Neuroscience, IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Augustas Pivoriūnas
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Rozumna NM, Shkryl VM, Ganzha VV, Lukyanetz EA. Effects of Modeling of Hypercalcemia and β-Amyloid on Cultured Hippocampal Neurons of Rats. NEUROPHYSIOLOGY+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11062-021-09891-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
24
|
Peng Y, Chu S, Yang Y, Zhang Z, Pang Z, Chen N. Neuroinflammatory In Vitro Cell Culture Models and the Potential Applications for Neurological Disorders. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:671734. [PMID: 33967814 PMCID: PMC8103160 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.671734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell cultures are used in pharmaceutical, medical and biological sciences. Due to the ethical and cost limitations of in vivo models, the replaceable cell model that is more closely related to the characteristics of organisms, which has broad prospects and can be used for high-throughput drug screening is urgent. Neuronal and glial cell models have been widely used in the researches of neurological disorders. And the current researches on neuroinflammation contributes to blood-brain barrier (BBB) damage. In this review, we describe the features of healthy and inflamed BBB and summarize the main immortalized cell lines of the central nervous system (PC12, SH-SY5Y, BV2, HA, and HBMEC et al.) and their use in the anti-inflammatory potential of neurological disorders. Especially, different co-culture models of neuroinflammatory, in association with immune cells in both 2D and 3D models are discussed in this review. In summary, 2D co-culture is easily practicable and economical but cannot fully reproduce the microenvironment in vivo. While 3D models called organs-on-chips or biochips are the most recent and very promising approach, which made possible by bioengineering and biotechnological improvements and more accurately mimic the BBB microenvironment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ye Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica and Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shifeng Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica and Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yantao Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Zhao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica and Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zongran Pang
- School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Naihong Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica and Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Biomaterials in treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Neurochem Int 2021; 145:105008. [PMID: 33684545 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2021.105008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a non-recoverable progressive neurodegenerative disorder most prevalent but not limited to the old age population. After all the scientific efforts, there are still many unmet criteria and loopholes in available treatment and diagnostic strategies, limiting their efficacy. The poor drug efficacy is attributed to various biological hurdles, including blood-brain barrier (BBB) and peripheral side effects as most prominent ones and the lack of promising carriers to precisely deliver the drug to the brain by conserving its therapeutic potency. The increasing disease prevalence and unavailability of effective therapy calls for developing a more innovative, convenient and affordable way to treat AD. To fulfill such need, researchers explored various biomaterials to develop potential vectors or other forms to target the bioactives in the brain by preserving their inherent properties, improving the existing lacuna like poor solubility, permeability and bioavailability etc. and minimize the side effect. The unique characteristic properties of biomaterials are used to develop different drug carriers, surface modifying target active ligands, functional carriers, drug conjugate, biosensing probe, diagnostic tool and many more. The nanoparticulate system and other colloidal carriers like hydrogel and biodegradable scaffold can effectively target the drug moieties to the brain. Also, the use of different target-acting ligands and stimuli-responsive carriers assures the site-specificity and controlled release at the desired site by interaction with receptors and various exo- and endogenous stimuli. This review article has highlighted the application of biomaterials for targeting the drug to the brain and as promising diagnostic tools to detect the markers for better AD management. The work particularly focuses on the use of biomaterials as smart drug carriers including pH, thermo, photo, electro and magnetically triggered system; novel drug carriers for brain targeting including polymeric carriers (polymeric nanoparticle, dendrimer and polymeric micelle); lipid carrier (liposome, nanoemulsion, NLC and SLN); inorganic nanoparticles (quantum dots, gold nanoparticles etc.); and other drug vectors (hydrogel, biodegradable scaffold, and carbon nanotube) in treatment of AD. It also highlighted the application of some novel carrier systems and biomaterials as biosensor and other diagnostic tools for early and precise AD diagnosis.
Collapse
|
26
|
Choudhari M, Hejmady S, Narayan Saha R, Damle S, Singhvi G, Alexander A, Kesharwani P, Kumar Dubey S. Evolving new-age strategies to transport therapeutics across the blood-brain-barrier. Int J Pharm 2021; 599:120351. [PMID: 33545286 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A basic understanding of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is essential for the novel advancements in targeting drugs specific to the brain. Neoplasm compromising the internal structure of BBB that results in impaired vasculature is called as blood tumor barrier (BTB). Besides, the BBB serves as a chief hindrance to the passage of a drug into the brain parenchyma. The small and hydrophilic drugs majorly display an absence of desired molecular characteristics required to cross the BBB. Furthermore, all classes of biologics have failed in the clinical trials of brain diseases over the past years since these biologics are large molecules that do not cross the BBB. Also, new strategies have been discovered that use the Trojan horse technology with the re-engineered biologics for BBB transport. Thus, this review delivers information about the different grades of tumors (I-IV) i.e. examples of BBB/BTB heterogenicity along with the different mechanisms for transporting the therapeutics into the brain tumors by crossing BBB. This review also provides insights into the emerging approaches of peptide delivery and the non-invasive and brain-specific molecular Trojan horse targeting technologies. Also, the several challenges in the clinical development of BBB penetrating IgG fusion protein have been discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Choudhari
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan 333031, India
| | - Siddhanth Hejmady
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan 333031, India
| | - Ranendra Narayan Saha
- Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Dubai Campus, United Arab Emirates
| | - Shantanu Damle
- Colorcon Asia Pvt. Ltd., Verna Industrial Estate, Verna 403722, Goa, India
| | - Gautam Singhvi
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan 333031, India
| | - Amit Alexander
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER GUWAHATI), Department of Pharmaceutical Technology (Formulations), Department of Pharmaceuticals, Ministry of Chemical and Fertilizers, Government of India, Sila Village, Nizsundarighopa, Changsari, Kamrup (R), Guwahati, Assam 781101, India
| | - Prashant Kesharwani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Sunil Kumar Dubey
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan 333031, India; R&D Healthcare Division Emami Ltd., 13, BT Road, Belgharia, Kolkata 700056, India.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Eustaquio Do Imperio G, Lye P, Bloise E, Matthews SG. Function of Multidrug Resistance Transporters is Disrupted by Infection Mimics in Human Brain Endothelial Cells. Tissue Barriers 2021; 9:1860616. [PMID: 33427563 PMCID: PMC8078541 DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2020.1860616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
P-glycoprotein (P-gp/ABCB1) and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP/ABCG2) modulate the distribution of drugs and toxins across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Animal studies reported that infection-induced disruption of these transporters in the developing BBB impairs fetal brain protection. However, the impact of infection mimics on P-gp/BCRP function in human brain endothelium is less well understood. We hypothesized that Toll-like receptor ligands mimicking bacterial and viral infection would modify the expression and function of P-gp and BCRP in human brain endothelial cells (BECs). Human cerebral microvascular endothelial cells (hCMEC/D3) were challenged with bacterial [Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)] and viral-mimics [polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (PolyI:C) or single-stranded RNA (ssRNA)], or pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interferon gamma (IFN)-ɣ. P-gp and BCRP function was assessed after 4 or 24 h, using Calcein-AM and Chlorin-6 assays, respectively. Western blot and qPCR quantified P-gp/ABCB1 and BCRP/ABCG2 expression following treatments. Infection mimics are potent modulators of drug transporters in human BECs in vitro. LPS and PolyI:C increased, while ssRNA exposure reduced P-gp activity. In contrast, LPS and PolyI:C decreased, while ssRNA increased BCRP activity (P < .05). There was little correlation between drug transporter function, gene expression and total protein level. Altered plasma membrane BCRP may suggest modified intracellular trafficking induced by infection in human BECs. Bacterial and viral infection mimics modify P-gp and BCRP transport function in human BECs, in vitro. This knowledge may contribute and have important implications for human brain protection and possible altered biodistribution of drugs and xenobiotics in the brain following exposure to TLR agonists.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Phetcharawan Lye
- Sinai Health System, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Enrrico Bloise
- Sinai Health System, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Morphology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Stephen G Matthews
- Sinai Health System, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Pohl F, Goua M, Yates K, Bermano G, Russell WR, Maciel P, Kong Thoo Lin P. Impact of rapeseed pomace extract on markers of oxidative stress and DNA damage in human SH-SY5Y cells. J Food Biochem 2020; 45:e13592. [PMID: 33349958 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
With increased longevity and subsequent rise in people with age-related neurodegenerative diseases, protection of neurons from oxidative stress damage has become an important field of study. For the first time, we highlight the neuroprotective properties of rapeseed pomace (RSP) extract in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells. We used resazurin to determine cell metabolism, 2,7'-dichlorofluorescin diacetate (H2 DCFDA) to assess the potential of RSP extracts to shield cells from reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by H2 O2 using flow cytometry, HPLC to analyze for malondialdehyde (MDA) as a lipid peroxidation marker and the COMET assay to assess DNA strand breakage. Protein stress arrays were used to investigate the cellular pathways affected by RSP extract. No effect on cell metabolism in SH-SY5Y cells was observed after RSP extract treatment (up to 1.5 mg/ml). Pretreatment (24 hr) with RSP extract (1 mg/ml), before H2 O2 -induced stress, alleviated ROS production and DNA strand breakage by 68%, and 38%, respectively. At protein level, the RSP extract increased the levels of FABP-1, HIF-1α, SOD2, and Cytochrome c proteins. Under H2 O2 -induced stress, however, it helped to downregulate p38α levels, a protein kinase which is receptive to stress impulse (mitogen-activated). RSP extract shows very promising cell protective properties in relation to oxidative stress. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Oxidative stress has been associated with numerous diseases for example cancer, diabetes, and many neurological disorders including Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases. Hence, there is acceptance among the scientific community of antioxidant therapy and the quest for effective, low cost and readily available sources of natural antioxidants is paramount. Rapeseed plantations are abundant around the world due to the use of rapeseed oil in cooking and as a biofuel. The resulting rapeseed pomace (by-product), specifically its extract, contains high levels of phytochemicals that protect cells against oxidative stress. Therefore, RSP extract can potentially be used/developed as functional food and nutraceuticals in the prevention of many complex neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Pohl
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Marie Goua
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Kyari Yates
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Giovanna Bermano
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Wendy R Russell
- Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Patrícia Maciel
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
| | - Paul Kong Thoo Lin
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, UK
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Krishna KV, Saha RN, Dubey SK. Biophysical, Biochemical, and Behavioral Implications of ApoE3 Conjugated Donepezil Nanomedicine in a Aβ 1-42 Induced Alzheimer's Disease Rat Model. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020; 11:4139-4151. [PMID: 33251785 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurological disorder and is the most common type of dementia. Amyloid β (Aβ) plaques play an important role in the pathophysiology of AD. However, the existing therapeutic strategies are not effective for the management of both Aβ-induced neurotoxicity and Aβ fibrils clearance in biological conditions. Herein, we have developed lipoprotein conjugated polymeric nanoparticles that can boost the clearance rate of Aβ fibrils and mitigate Aβ-induced neurotoxicity in AD rat. These nanoparticles were designed by loading donepezil in an amphiphilic polymer with a lipoprotein (ApoE3) integrated over the surface. Polymeric nanoparticles were prepared by a nanoprecipitation method, and ApoE3 was conjugated to the polymer layer by polysorbate 80. In the present study, we intended to examine the protective effect of ApoE3 nanoparticles against Aβ-induced neurotoxicity both in vitro and in vivo to evaluate if these can reduce the Aβ fibril formation and cognitive and behavioral deficits observed in AD induced rats. In the in vitro study, neurotoxicity induced by Aβ1-42 in human neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) cells was found to be significantly reduced upon treatment with ApoE3 donepezil nanoparticles. The presence of the ApoE3 significantly modified the morphology of Aβ fibrils and also inhibited the formation Aβ oligomers. Moreover, in the in vivo study, following treatment, AD induced rats were tested on Morris water maze (MWM) and passive avoidance task for their cognitive ability and sacrificed for biochemical estimations. From our observations, ApoE3 donepezil nanoparticles exhibited neuroprotection in the Aβ1-42 induced model by mitigating the pathological features and cognitive impairments. Thus, we anticipate that the nanosized lipoprotein carriers will possibly offer a rational therapeutic strategy in the formulation development of AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kowthavarapu Venkata Krishna
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS-PILANI), Pilani Campus, 345055 Pilani, Rajasthan, India
| | - Ranendra Narayan Saha
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS-PILANI), Pilani Campus, 345055 Pilani, Rajasthan, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS-PILANI), Dubai Campus, Dubai International Academic City, P.O. Box 345055, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sunil Kumar Dubey
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS-PILANI), Pilani Campus, 345055 Pilani, Rajasthan, India
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Agrawal M, Saraf S, Saraf S, Dubey SK, Puri A, Gupta U, Kesharwani P, Ravichandiran V, Kumar P, Naidu VGM, Murty US, Ajazuddin, Alexander A. Stimuli-responsive In situ gelling system for nose-to-brain drug delivery. J Control Release 2020; 327:235-265. [PMID: 32739524 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.07.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The diagnosis and treatment of neurological ailments always remain an utmost challenge for research fraternity due to the presence of BBB. The intranasal route appeared as an attractive and alternative route for brain targeting of therapeutics without the intrusion of BBB and GI exposure. This route directly and effectively delivers the therapeutics to different regions of the brain via olfactory and trigeminal nerve pathways. However, shorter drug retention time and mucociliary clearance curtail the efficiency of the intranasal route. The in situ mucoadhesive gel overthrow the limitations of direct nose-to-brain delivery by not only enhancing nasal residence time but also minimizing the mucociliary clearance and enzymatic degradation. This delivery system further improves the nasal absorption as well as bioavailability of drugs in the brain. The in situ mucoadhesive gel is a controlled and sustained release system that facilitates the absorption of various proteins, peptides and other larger lipophilic and hydrophilic moieties. Owing to multiple benefits, in situ gelling system has been widely explored to target the brain via nasal route. However, very few review works are reported which explains the application of in situ nasal gel for brain delivery of CNS acting moieties. Hence, in this piece of work, we have initially discussed the global statistics of neurological disorders reported by WHO and other reputed organizations, nasal anatomy, mechanism and challenges of nose-to-brain drug delivery. The work mainly focused on the use of different stimuli-responsive polymers, specifically thermoresponsive, pH-responsive, and ion triggered systems for the development of an effective and controlled dosage form, i.e., in situ nasal gel for brain targeting of bioactives. We have also highlighted the origin, structure, nature and phase transition behavior of the smart polymers found suitable for nasal administration, including poloxamer, chitosan, EHEC, xyloglucan, Carbopol, gellan gum and DGG along with their application in the treatment of neurological disorders. The article is aimed to gather all the information of the past 10 years related to the development and application of stimuli-responsive in situ nasal gel for brain drug delivery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mukta Agrawal
- Rungta College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Kohka-Kurud Road, Bhilai, Chhattisgarh 490024, India
| | - Shailendra Saraf
- University Institute of Pharmacy, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur 492010, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Swarnlata Saraf
- University Institute of Pharmacy, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur 492010, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Sunil K Dubey
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, (BITS-PILANI), Pilani Campus, Pilani, Rajasthan, India
| | - Anu Puri
- RNA Structure and Design Section, RNA Biology Laboratory (RBL), Center for Cancer Research, NCI-Frederick, NIH, Frederick, USA
| | - Umesh Gupta
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, Central University of Rajasthan, Bandarsindri, Ajmer, Rajasthan 305817, India
| | - Prashant Kesharwani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - V Ravichandiran
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER-Kolkata), Department of Pharmaceuticals, Ministry of Chemicals & Fertilizers, Govt. of India, Chunilal Bhawan 168, Maniktala Main Road, Kolkata 700054, India
| | - Pramod Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER-Guwahati), Department of Pharmaceuticals, Ministry of Chemicals & Fertilizers, Govt. of India, Sila Katamur (Halugurisuk), Changsari, Kamrup-781101, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - V G M Naidu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER-Guwahati), Department of Pharmaceuticals, Ministry of Chemicals & Fertilizers, Govt. of India, Sila Katamur (Halugurisuk), Changsari, Kamrup-781101, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Upadhyayula Suryanarayana Murty
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER-Guwahati), Department of Pharmaceuticals, Ministry of Chemicals & Fertilizers, Govt. of India, Sila Katamur (Halugurisuk), Changsari, Kamrup-781101, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Ajazuddin
- Rungta College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Kohka-Kurud Road, Bhilai, Chhattisgarh 490024, India
| | - Amit Alexander
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER-Guwahati), Department of Pharmaceuticals, Ministry of Chemicals & Fertilizers, Govt. of India, Sila Katamur (Halugurisuk), Changsari, Kamrup-781101, Guwahati, Assam, India.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Pang S, Sun C, Gao S, Yang Y, Pan X, Zhang L. Evodiamine derivatives improve cognitive abilities in APP swe/PS1 ΔE9 transgenic mouse models of Alzheimer's disease. Animal Model Exp Med 2020; 3:193-199. [PMID: 32613178 PMCID: PMC7323704 DOI: 10.1002/ame2.12126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex neurodegenerative disease. Due to the complexity of its molecular pathogenesis and the interaction of the numerous factors involved, the etiology and pathogenesis of AD have not been fully elucidated. Therefore, effective treatment for AD remains to be developed. Evodiamine, a quinolone alkaloid, has been found to improve learning and memory ability to in the APPswe/PS1△E9 mouse model of dementia. However, the cytotoxicity and physicochemical properties of evodiamine have limited its use in the treatment of AD. METHODS Evodiamine and its derivatives were effectively synthesized by EDCI-mediated condensation at room temperature. These target compounds contained 1 thio- and 21 oxo-evodiamine derivatives with different substituted groups. The cytotoxicity of evodiamine and its derivatives and the neuroprotective effects of the evodiamine derivatives against H2O2-induced cell loss in SH-SY5Y cells were investigated using the WST-8 assay. The Morris water-maze test was used to detect the effect of evodiamine and its derivatives on improving learning and memory in APPswe/PS1△E9 mice. RESULTS In this study, a series of oxo- and thio-evodiamine derivatives was synthesized. Several derivatives showed lower cytotoxicity and stronger neuroprotective effects than evodiamine and elicited enhanced cognitive improvement, especially in the test of spatial memory in APPswe/PS1△E9 mice. CONCLUSION Our study provides insights for developing novel evodiamine derivatives for chemical intervention and treatment of AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Pang
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative MedicineNational Health Commission of China (NHC)Institute of Laboratory Animal SciencePeking Union Medical CollegeChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human DiseasesInstitute of Laboratory Animal SciencePeking Union Medical CollegeChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Caixian Sun
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative MedicineNational Health Commission of China (NHC)Institute of Laboratory Animal SciencePeking Union Medical CollegeChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human DiseasesInstitute of Laboratory Animal SciencePeking Union Medical CollegeChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Shan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative MedicineNational Health Commission of China (NHC)Institute of Laboratory Animal SciencePeking Union Medical CollegeChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human DiseasesInstitute of Laboratory Animal SciencePeking Union Medical CollegeChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Yajun Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substance Discovery and Drug ability Evaluation Institute of Material MedicalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Xiandao Pan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substance Discovery and Drug ability Evaluation Institute of Material MedicalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Lianfeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative MedicineNational Health Commission of China (NHC)Institute of Laboratory Animal SciencePeking Union Medical CollegeChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human DiseasesInstitute of Laboratory Animal SciencePeking Union Medical CollegeChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
- Neuroscience CenterChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Kong L, Li XT, Ni YN, Xiao HH, Yao YJ, Wang YY, Ju RJ, Li HY, Liu JJ, Fu M, Wu YT, Yang JX, Cheng L. Transferrin-Modified Osthole PEGylated Liposomes Travel the Blood-Brain Barrier and Mitigate Alzheimer's Disease-Related Pathology in APP/PS-1 Mice. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:2841-2858. [PMID: 32425521 PMCID: PMC7186891 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s239608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Osthole (Ost) is a coumarin compound that strengthens hippocampal neurons and neural stem cells against Aβ oligomer-induced neurotoxicity in mice, and is a potential drug for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the effectiveness of the drug is limited by its solubility and bioavailability, as well as by the low permeability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). In this study, a kind of transferrin-modified Ost liposomes (Tf-Ost-Lip) was constructed, which could improve the bioavailability and enhance brain targeting. METHODS Tf-Ost-Lip was prepared by thin-film hydration method. The ability of liposomal formulations to translocate across BBB was investigated using in vitro BBB model. And the protective effect of Tf-Ost-Lip was evaluated in APP-SH-SY5Y cells. In addition, we performed pharmacokinetics study and brain tissue distribution analysis of liposomal formulations in vivo. We also observed the neuroprotective effect of the varying formulations in APP/PS-1 mice. RESULTS In vitro studies reveal that Tf-Ost-Lip could increase the intracellular uptake of hCMEC/D3 cells and APP-SH-SY5Y cells, and increase the drug concentration across the BBB. Additionally, Tf-Ost-Lip was found to exert a protective effect on APP-SH-SY5Y cells. In vivo studies of pharmacokinetics and the Ost distribution in brain tissue indicate that Tf-Ost-Lip prolonged the cycle time in mice and increased the accumulation of Ost in the brain. Furthermore, Tf-Ost-Lip was also found to enhance the effect of Ost on the alleviation of Alzheimer's disease-related pathology. CONCLUSION Transferrin-modified liposomes for delivery of Ost has great potential for AD treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Kong
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian116600, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xue-tao Li
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian116600, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying-nan Ni
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian116600, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong-he Xiao
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian116600, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying-jia Yao
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang110819, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuan-yuan Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning116001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rui-jun Ju
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology, Beijing102617, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong-yan Li
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian116600, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing-jing Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian116600, People’s Republic of China
| | - Min Fu
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian116600, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu-tong Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian116600, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing-xian Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian116600, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lan Cheng
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian116600, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Dubey SK, Lakshmi KK, Krishna KV, Agrawal M, Singhvi G, Saha RN, Saraf S, Saraf S, Shukla R, Alexander A. Insulin mediated novel therapies for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Life Sci 2020; 249:117540. [PMID: 32165212 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease, a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, is one of the leading causes of death in the USA, along with cancer and cardiac disorders. AD is characterized by various neurological factors like amyloid plaques, tau hyperphosphorylation, mitochondrial dysfunction, acetylcholine deficiency, etc. Together, impaired insulin signaling in the brain is also observed as essential factor to be considered in AD pathophysiology. Hence, currently researchers focused on studying the effect of brain insulin metabolism and relation of diabetes with AD. Based on the investigations, AD is also considered as type 3 or brain diabetes. Besides the traditional view of correlating AD with aging, a better understanding of various pathological factors and effects of other physical ailments is necessary to develop a promising therapeutic approach. There is a vast scope of studying the relation of systemic insulin level, insulin signaling, its neuroprotective potency and effect of diabetes on AD progression. The present work describes worldwide status of AD and its relation with diabetes mellitus and insulin metabolism; pathophysiology of AD; different metabolic pathways associating insulin metabolism with AD; insulin receptor and signaling in the brain; glucose metabolism; insulin resistance; and various preclinical and clinical studies reported insulin-based therapies to treat AD via systemic route and through direct intranasal delivery to the brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Kumar Dubey
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS-PILANI), Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, India.
| | - K K Lakshmi
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS-PILANI), Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, India
| | - Kowthavarapu Venkata Krishna
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS-PILANI), Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, India
| | - Mukta Agrawal
- Rungta College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Kohka-Kurud Road, Bhilai, Chhattisgarh 490 024, India
| | - Gautam Singhvi
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS-PILANI), Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, India
| | - Ranendra Narayana Saha
- Department of Biotechnology, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS-PILANI), Dubai Campus, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Swarnlata Saraf
- University Institute of Pharmacy, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, Chhattisgarh 492010, India
| | - Shailendra Saraf
- University Institute of Pharmacy, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, Chhattisgarh 492010, India
| | - Rahul Shukla
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER-R), New Transit Campus, Bijnor Road, Sarojini Nagar, Lucknow 226002, India
| | - Amit Alexander
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER-Guwahati), Department of Pharmaceuticals, Ministry of Chemicals & Fertilizers, Govt. of India, NH 37, NITS Mirza, Kamrup-781125, Guwahati, Assam, India.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Agrawal M, Saraf S, Saraf S, Dubey SK, Puri A, Patel RJ, Ajazuddin, Ravichandiran V, Murty US, Alexander A. Recent strategies and advances in the fabrication of nano lipid carriers and their application towards brain targeting. J Control Release 2020; 321:372-415. [PMID: 32061621 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In last two decades, the lipid nanocarriers have been extensively investigated for their drug targeting efficiency towards the critical areas of the human body like CNS, cardiac region, tumor cells, etc. Owing to the flexibility and biocompatibility, the lipid-based nanocarriers, including nanoemulsion, liposomes, SLN, NLC etc. have gained much attention among various other nanocarrier systems for brain targeting of bioactives. Across different lipid nanocarriers, NLC remains to be the safest, stable, biocompatible and cost-effective drug carrier system with high encapsulation efficiency. Drug delivery to the brain always remains a challenging issue for scientists due to the complex structure and various barrier mechanisms surrounding the brain. The application of a suitable nanocarrier system and the use of any alternative route of drug administration like nose-to-brain drug delivery could overcome the hurdle and improves the therapeutic efficiency of CNS acting drugs thereof. NLC, a second-generation lipid nanocarrier, upsurges the drug permeation across the BBB due to its unique structural properties. The biocompatible lipid matrix and nano-size make it an ideal drug carrier for brain targeting. It offers many advantages over other drug carrier systems, including ease of manufacturing and scale-up to industrial level, higher drug targeting, high drug loading, control drug release, compatibility with a wide range of drug substances, non-toxic and non-irritant behavior. This review highlights recent progresses towards the development of NLC for brain targeting of bioactives with particular reference to its surface modifications, formulations aspects, pharmacokinetic behavior and efficacy towards the treatment of various neurological disorders like AD, PD, schizophrenia, epilepsy, brain cancer, CNS infection (viral and fungal), multiple sclerosis, cerebral ischemia, and cerebral malaria. This work describes in detail the role and application of NLC, along with its different fabrication techniques and associated limitations. Specific emphasis is given to compile a summary and graphical data on the area explored by scientists and researchers worldwide towards the treatment of neurological disorders with or without NLC. The article also highlights a brief insight into two prime approaches for brain targeting, including drug delivery across BBB and direct nose-to-brain drug delivery along with the current global status of specific neurological disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mukta Agrawal
- Rungta College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Kohka-Kurud Road, Bhilai, Chhattisgarh 490024, India
| | - Swarnlata Saraf
- University Institute of Pharmacy, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, Chhattisgarh 492010, India
| | - Shailendra Saraf
- University Institute of Pharmacy, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, Chhattisgarh 492010, India
| | - Sunil Kumar Dubey
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS-PILANI), Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, India
| | - Anu Puri
- RNA Structure and Design Section, RNA Biology Laboratory (RBL), Center for Cancer Research, NCI-Frederick, NIH, Frederick, USA
| | - Ravish J Patel
- Ramanbhai Patel College of Pharmacy (RPCP), Charotar University of Sciences and Technology (CHARUSAT), Gujarat 388421, India
| | - Ajazuddin
- Rungta College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Kohka-Kurud Road, Bhilai, Chhattisgarh 490024, India
| | - V Ravichandiran
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER-Kolkata), Ministry of Chemicals & Fertilizers, Govt. of India, Chunilal Bhawan 168, Maniktala Main Road, Kolkata 700054, India
| | - Upadhyayula Suryanarayana Murty
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER-Guwahati), Department of Pharmaceuticals, Ministry of Chemicals & Fertilizers, Govt. of India, NH 37, NITS Mirza, Kamrup, 781125 Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Amit Alexander
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER-Guwahati), Department of Pharmaceuticals, Ministry of Chemicals & Fertilizers, Govt. of India, NH 37, NITS Mirza, Kamrup, 781125 Guwahati, Assam, India.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Krishna KV, Wadhwa G, Alexander A, Kanojia N, Saha RN, Kukreti R, Singhvi G, Dubey SK. Design and Biological Evaluation of Lipoprotein-Based Donepezil Nanocarrier for Enhanced Brain Uptake through Oral Delivery. ACS Chem Neurosci 2019; 10:4124-4135. [PMID: 31418556 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.9b00343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder associated with memory and cognitive impairment. Donepezil is an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor used for the symptomatic treatment of AD. However, high dose of donepezil is prescribed to achieve effective concentration in the brain, which leads to significant side effects, gastrointestinal alterations, and hepatotoxicity. In the present study, ApoE3 conjugated polymeric nanoparticles derived from diblock copolymer methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)-polycaprolactone (mPEG-PCL) have been used to boost the delivery of donepezil to the brain. mPEG-PCL is an amphiphilic diblock polymer with a tendency to avoid nanoparticle uptake by phagocytic cells in the liver and can significantly reduce the gastric mucosal irritations. Moreover, ApoE3-based nanocarriers showed a promising ability to enhance brain uptake, binding to amyloid beta with high affinity and accelerating its clearance. Donepezil-loaded polymeric nanoparticles were performed by using a nanoprecipitation method and further surface modified with polysorbate 80 and ApoE3 to increase the brain bioavailability and reduce the dose. Optimization of various process parameters were performed using quality by design approach. ApoE3 polymeric nanoparticles were found to be stable in simulated gastric fluids and exhibited a sustained drug release pattern. Cellular uptake studies confirmed better neuronal uptake of the developed formulation, which is further corroborated with pharmacokinetic and biodistribution studies. Orally administered ApoE3 polymeric nanoparticles resulted in significantly higher brain donepezil levels after 24 h (84.97 ± 11.54 ng/mg tissue) as compared to the pure drug (not detected), suggesting a significant role of surface coating. Together, these findings are promising and offer preclinical evidence for better brain availability of donepezil by oral administration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kowthavarapu Venkata Krishna
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS-PILANI), Pilani Campus, Rajasthan 333031, India
| | - Geetika Wadhwa
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS-PILANI), Pilani Campus, Rajasthan 333031, India
| | - Amit Alexander
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Rungta College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Bhilai, Chhattisgarh 490024, India
| | - Neha Kanojia
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB) Campus, Delhi 110007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB) Campus, Dubai Campus, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Ranendra Narayan Saha
- Department of Biotechnology, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS-PILANI), Dubai Campus, Dubai 345055, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ritushree Kukreti
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB) Campus, Delhi 110007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB) Campus, Dubai Campus, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Gautam Singhvi
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS-PILANI), Pilani Campus, Rajasthan 333031, India
| | - Sunil Kumar Dubey
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS-PILANI), Pilani Campus, Rajasthan 333031, India
| |
Collapse
|