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Abu Khait A, Menger A, Al-Atiyyat N, Hamaideh SH, Al-Modallal H, Rayapureddy H. The Association Between Proneness to Smartphone Addiction and Social Anxiety Among School Students and the Mediating Role of Social Support: A Call to Advance Jordanian Adolescents' Mental Health. J Am Psychiatr Nurses Assoc 2024:10783903241261047. [PMID: 39044424 DOI: 10.1177/10783903241261047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social anxiety is an emerging public health issue associated with significant impairment of social functioning during adolescence. Among many determinants of social anxiety, proneness to smartphone addiction may significantly contribute to the development of social anxiety. To cope with the consequential development of social anxiety, adolescent school students may rely on various forms of social support. Particularly in the Middle East, including Jordan, the relationship between proneness to smartphone addiction and adolescent social anxiety is understudied. AIM To examine the mediating role of social support in the relationship between proneness to smartphone addiction and social anxiety in a sample of adolescent school students. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, 432 adolescents were recruited via a random cluster sample from public schools across three provinces in Jordan. The data were collected face-to-face using the Social Anxiety Scale for Adolescents, the Smartphone Addiction Proneness Scale, and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. RESULTS Significantly higher levels of social anxiety were associated with females of lower economic status who reported more gaming hours and higher levels of proneness to smartphone addiction. Familial social support significantly mediated the relationship between proneness to smartphone addiction and social anxiety, controlling for the other covariates in the social anxiety model. CONCLUSIONS Familial social support reduced the impact of proneness to smartphone addiction on social anxiety. Nurses may supplement treatment for reducing social anxiety in adolescents suffering from proneness to smartphone addiction by fostering sources of familial social support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdallah Abu Khait
- Abdallah Abu Khait, PhD, RN, PMHCNS, MSN, BSN, Department of Community & Mental Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Austin Menger
- Austin Menger, PhD, MSc, Menger Analytics, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nijmeh Al-Atiyyat
- Nijmeh Al-Atiyyat, PhD, MSN, RN, Department of Adult Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Shaher H Hamaideh
- Shaher H. Hamaideh, PhD, MSN, RN, Department of Community & Mental Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Hanan Al-Modallal
- Hanan Al-Modallal, PhD, MSN, RN, Department of Community and Mental Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
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2
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Aldukhayel MM, Rabbani U. Problematic Use of Smartphones and Sleep Quality Among Healthcare Workers in Qassim, Saudi Arabia. Cureus 2024; 16:e63610. [PMID: 39092352 PMCID: PMC11293888 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.63610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and objectives Problematic use of smartphones among healthcare workers can affect their performance, patient care, safety, care outcomes, and patient satisfaction. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of problematic use of smartphones and the relationship between the problematic use of smartphones and sleep quality among healthcare workers in Qassim, Saudi Arabia. Methods We enrolled 393 healthcare workers conveniently selected online for this cross-sectional survey. We assessed the problematic use of smartphones using the short version of the Smartphone Addiction Scale. For sleep quality, we used the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Linear regression was used to assess the association of problematic use of smartphones with sleep quality. IBM SPSS Statistics, version 23.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY) was used for analyses. Results The prevalence of smartphone addiction (SMA) was 59.0%, and 30.5% were at high risk for addiction. The mean PSQI score was 11.56 ± 2.1 out of 21. It was found that female gender was associated with poor sleep quality (adjusted B = 0.45, p-value = 0.049). On the other hand, SMA was also significantly associated with poor sleep quality (adjusted B = 0.90, p-value = 0.016). Conclusion There is a high prevalence of problematic use of smartphones among healthcare workers, which is associated with poor sleep quality. Given the significant occurrence of problematic smartphone use among healthcare professionals and its detrimental effects on sleep quality, it is crucial for public health initiatives to devise and execute suitable preventive measures, such as smartphone use policies at work and education of workers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Unaib Rabbani
- Family Medicine Academy, Qassim Health Cluster, Buraydah, SAU
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3
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El-Zoghby SM, Zaghloul NM, Tawfik AM, Elsherbiny NM, Shehata SA, Soltan EM. Cyberchondria and smartphone addiction: A correlation survey among undergraduate medical students in Egypt. J Egypt Public Health Assoc 2024; 99:7. [PMID: 38565743 PMCID: PMC10987454 DOI: 10.1186/s42506-024-00154-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is an increase in smartphone usage globally. Cyberchondria (CYB) is characterized by excessive Internet searches for health information. Smartphone addiction is constantly rising among medical students together with CYB as a collateral emerging risk, yet there is limited research available on the topic. METHODS This cross-sectional study explores the rising phenomenon of smartphone addiction and its potential role in CYB among medical students in seven Egyptian universities. A total of 1435 medical students participated in completing online questionnaires that assessed smartphone addiction and CYB using the Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version (SAS-SV) and Cyberchondria Severity Scale (CSS-12). Multivariable regression analysis was applied to assess predictors of smartphone addiction and CYB. RESULTS Based on the used scales, 57.6% of students were suffering from smartphone addiction, and 85.8% exhibited a moderate degree of CYB. There was a significant positive correlation between smartphone addiction scores and CYB (p < 0.05). The multivariable regression models revealed that four factors including using Facebook, using WhatsApp, increasing time spent on the Internet per day, and a higher CYB score increase the probability of smartphone addiction. The factors that increase the probability of CYB are using Facebook, an increase in the frequency of Internet searches, a higher degree of worry about one's health or a family member's health, and being a smartphone addict. CONCLUSION Smartphone addiction among undergraduate medical students is prevalent. Social media use, time spent online, and smartphone addiction were linked with the risk of CYB. Regular physical activity decreases the probability of smartphone addiction. Awareness programs and increased mental and physical activities are required to help reduce smartphone addiction among youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safaa M El-Zoghby
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Nancy M Zaghloul
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Misr University for Science and Technology, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ayat M Tawfik
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Port-Said University, Port Said, Egypt
| | - Noura M Elsherbiny
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
| | - Shaimaa A Shehata
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt.
| | - Enayat M Soltan
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
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Liang Y. Attachment Anxiety and Nomophobia: A Moderated Parallel Mediation Model. Psychol Rep 2024:332941241226907. [PMID: 38193445 DOI: 10.1177/00332941241226907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Nomophobia is the state of being anxious or disturbed when feeling disconnected from the digital world and can have a significant impact on individuals' health and well-being. Drawing upon attachment theory and the previous literature on nomophobia, this study aims to understand how attachment anxiety influences nomophobia and whether this relationship differs between males and females. In the Human Penguin Project (HPP) (N = 1221; 12 countries; participants aged ≥20 years), the Experiences in Close Relationships Questionnaire-Revised (ECR-R), the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20), the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), and the Nomophobia Questionnaire (NMP-Q) were used to assess attachment anxiety, alexithymia, perceived stress, and nomophobia, respectively. The results demonstrated that (1) there were significant positive correlations between attachment anxiety, nomophobia, alexithymia, and perceived stress. Additionally, (2) there was a direct and significant effect of attachment anxiety on nomophobia, and alexithymia and perceived stress partially mediated this relationship. Finally, (3) gender significantly moderated the relationship between attachment anxiety and nomophobia. Specifically, the predicted effect was significant in both males and females, but the direct effect of attachment anxiety and nomophobia was stronger in males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Liang
- School of Management, Harbin Institute of Technology (HIT), Harbin, China
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5
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Bakhiet SF, Ziada KE, Abdelrasheed NSG, Dutton E, Madison G, Almalki NS, Ihsan Z, Furnham A, Essa YAS. Sex and national differences in internet addiction in Egypt and Saudi Arabia. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2023; 240:104043. [PMID: 37804701 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2023.104043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding individual differences in psychology, and how they relate to specific addictions, may allow society to better identify those at most risk and even enact policies to ameliorate them. Internet addiction is a growing health concern, a research focus of which is to understand individual differences and the psychology of those most susceptible to developing it. Western countries are strongly overrepresented in this regard. METHOD Here, sex and national differences in internet addiction are measured, using Young's 'Internet Addiction Test,' in two non-Western countries, Egypt and Saudi Arabia. >800 students aged 18 and 35 years (M = 20.65, SD = 1.48) completed a multidimensional internet addiction instrument. The instrument measures traits such as Withdrawal and Social Problems, Time Management and Performance and Reality Substitute. RESULTS Analyses revealed that males scored higher than females and Saudis higher than Egyptians on nearly all scales, including the total score. Factor analysis of the 20-item instrument revealed three factors, all exhibiting sex and culture differences. CONCLUSIONS These findings add to the body of evidence that males are higher than females in problematic internet use, as they are in addictive behaviors in general. Our findings may also imply that restrictions on male-female interaction, which are more pronounced in Saudi Arabia, may elevate the prevalence of internet addiction. The internet is also easier and cheaper to access in Saudi Arabia than in Egypt.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Nabil Sharaf Almalki
- King Saud University, Department of special Education, College of Education, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Zohra Ihsan
- Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, 26 Bedford Way, London WC1H0A, United Kingdom
| | - Adrian Furnham
- Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, 26 Bedford Way, London WC1H0A, United Kingdom; Norwegian Business School (BI), Nydalveien, Oslo, Norway.
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Mari E, Biondi S, Varchetta M, Cricenti C, Fraschetti A, Pizzo A, Barchielli B, Roma P, Vilar MM, Sala FG, Giannini AM, Quaglieri A. Gender differences in internet addiction: A study on variables related to its possible development. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR REPORTS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chbr.2022.100247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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7
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Wu YY, Chou WH. Smartphone addiction, gender and interpersonal attachment: A cross-sectional analytical survey in Taiwan. Digit Health 2023; 9:20552076231177134. [PMID: 37256009 PMCID: PMC10226168 DOI: 10.1177/20552076231177134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Overview Smartphone use has dramatically increased worldwide, contributing to a profound change in interpersonal interactions. They have become the primary medium of human interaction, and smartphone addiction, consequently, has become a modern-day reality. Recent research on smartphone addiction has provided diverse explanations regarding the correlation between gender and addiction. Therefore, this study aims to analyse the correlation and variance among smartphone addiction, gender and interpersonal attachment. Methods The participants included Taiwanese citizens and the questionnaires were randomly distributed; 1190 valid questionnaires (534 males, 656 females) were collected. Descriptive statistics were computed to observe the average value and standard deviation between interpersonal attachment and gender. Next, Spearman's ρ was conducted to interpret the correlation among smartphone addiction, gender and interpersonal attachment. Finally, the participants were divided into three groups based on their pre-determined level of smartphone addiction: high, moderate and low addictions. The Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed based on interpersonal attachment as the independent variable to determine any statistically significant difference among the three levels. Results There are four patterns of interpersonal attachment: secure, avoidant, dismissing and anxious attachments. The correlation analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between interpersonal attachment and smartphone addiction (p > 0.000), while revealing no relationship between gender and smartphone addiction or gender and interpersonal attachment. Additionally, the ANOVA indicated the difference was statistically significant in the groups of high and moderate addictions; no statistical significance was identified in the group of low addiction (p < 0.204). Conclusion This study revealed that there was no correlation between gender and smartphone addiction, but rather, a positive correlation between smartphone addiction and interpersonal attachment. This positive correlation suggests both high and moderate addiction groups display insecurity in their interpersonal attachment. Therefore, to lower the prevalence of unhealthy smartphone addiction, maintaining healthy interpersonal relationships is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ying Wu
- Graduate School of Design, National Yunlin University of Science and
Technology, Douliou
| | - Wen-Huei Chou
- Department of Digital Media Design, National Yunlin University of Science and
Technology, Douliou
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Karakose T, Tülübaş T, Papadakis S. Revealing the Intellectual Structure and Evolution of Digital Addiction Research: An Integrated Bibliometric and Science Mapping Approach. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:14883. [PMID: 36429603 PMCID: PMC9690031 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192214883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The current study uses "digital addiction" as an umbrella term to refer to addiction to the Internet, social media, smartphones, digital devices, video games, or similar digital technologies. The study aims to investigate the scientific landscape of the digital addiction research field through combining bibliometric and science mapping analysis and to facilitate insight into the development and evolution of this knowledge base. Data for the analysis were extracted from the Scopus database, which covers a wide range of journal articles, with 429 articles addressing digital addiction included in the analysis. The science mapping analysis was performed over three consecutive time periods using SciMAT software to observe the thematic evolution. The results indicated that addictive behavior was the most significant theme across the three time periods. Cross-sectional studies addressing the risk factors or outcomes of addiction among adults and different sexes were prevalent during the first period (1997-2012), while interest moved to the addictive behavior of adolescents and students during the second period (2013-2017). Research during the third period (2018-2022) was driven by smartphone and social media addiction, and resilience as a preventive factor garnered more research interest than previously studied risk factors, which may indicate a perspective change by researchers. Implications are suggested for future investigations of digital addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Turgut Karakose
- Faculty of Education, Kutahya Dumlupinar University, 43100 Kutahya, Turkey
| | - Tijen Tülübaş
- Faculty of Education, Kutahya Dumlupinar University, 43100 Kutahya, Turkey
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9
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Albursan IS, Al. Qudah MF, Al-Barashdi HS, Bakhiet SF, Darandari E, Al-Asqah SS, Hammad HI, Al-Khadher MM, Qara S, Al-Mutairy SH, Albursan HI. Smartphone Addiction among University Students in Light of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Prevalence, Relationship to Academic Procrastination, Quality of Life, Gender and Educational Stage. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:10439. [PMID: 36012073 PMCID: PMC9408323 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191610439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The current study aims to identify the level and proportions of smartphone addiction, and academic procrastination among university students in the light of the Corona pandemic; identify the differences in smartphone addiction, academic procrastination, and quality of life according to gender and stage of study; and revealing the predictive ability of academic procrastination and quality of life for smartphone addiction. Methods: 556 male and female students from Saudi universities participated in the study, whose ages ranged from 18 to 52 years. Measures of academic procrastination and quality of life were used, in addition to the Italian scale of smartphone addiction, which was translated and checked for validity and reliability. Results: The results revealed that 37.4% of the sample were addicted to smartphone use, while 7.7% had a high level of procrastination, and 62.8% had an average level of procrastination. The results did not show statistically significant differences in smartphone addiction and quality of life according to gender and educational stage, while there were statistically significant differences in academic procrastination according to gender in favor of males, and according to stage of education in favor of undergraduate students. The results also revealed a statistically significant positive relationship between academic procrastination and smartphone addiction, and a statistically significant negative relationship between smartphone addiction and quality of life. A negative relationship between quality of life and academic procrastination was found. The results also revealed that addiction to smartphones could be predicted through academic procrastination and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismael Salamah Albursan
- Department of Psychology, College of Education, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Salaheldin Farah Bakhiet
- Department of Special Education, College of Education, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eqbal Darandari
- Department of Psychology, College of Education, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sumayyah S. Al-Asqah
- Department of Psychology, College of Education, Qassim University, Qassim 52571, Saudi Arabia
| | - Heba Ibraheem Hammad
- Department of Psychology, Princess Alia College, AL Balqa Applied University, Amman 11821, Jordan
| | - Mohammed M. Al-Khadher
- Department of Psychology, College of Education, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleem Qara
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Middle East University, Amman 11831, Jordan
| | - Sultan Howedey Al-Mutairy
- Department of Educational Technology, College of Education, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Alwafi H, Naser AY, Aldhahir AM, Fatani AI, Alharbi RA, Alharbi KG, Almutwakkil BA, Salawati E, Ekram R, Samannodi M, Almatrafi MA, Rammal W, Assaggaf H, Qedair JT, Al Qurashi AA, Alqurashi A. Prevalence and predictors of nomophobia among the general population in two middle eastern countries. BMC Psychiatry 2022; 22:520. [PMID: 35918684 PMCID: PMC9344455 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-022-04168-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nomophobia is a psychological condition caused by a fear of disconnecting from others through mobile phones. AIM This study aims to determine the prevalence of and predictors of nomophobia and anxiety symptoms among the general population in Saudi Arabia and Jordan. METHODS This study was an observational cross-sectional study using a web-based online survey distributed in two middle eastern countries (Saudi Arabia and Jordan) between Jun 24 and Jul 20, 2021. A convenience sample was used to recruit the study participants. Categorical variables were identified as frequencies and percentages. In addition, a binary logistic regression analysis was used to determine the factors associated with nomophobia symptoms. The Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) software, version 27 (IBM Corp, Armonk, NY, USA), analyzed the data. RESULTS A total of 5,191 responded to the online survey. Around (26.5%) reported that they suffer from an anxiety problem or use a treatment for anxiety. The median daily time spent using a mobile phone (IQR) (minutes) was around 210 min per day. About half of the study sample (51.2%) are diagnosed with dependence syndrome. The binary logistic regression analysis revealed that those within the age group of 30-49 years and 50 years and above) are less likely to have mobile phone dependence compared to those less than 30 years old. Females were 16% at lower risk of developing mobile phone dependence compared to males Married participants were less likely to have mobile phone dependence compared to single participants (OR: 0.62 (95% CI 0.56-0.70)), while divorced participants were at a 46% higher risk of developing mobile phone dependence. CONCLUSION Nomophobia prevalence among Saudi Arabia and Jordon's population is 51.2%. Several factors may predict mobile phone dependence including age, gender, marital status, and previous history of anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Alwafi
- grid.412832.e0000 0000 9137 6644Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdallah Y. Naser
- grid.460941.e0000 0004 0367 5513Department of Applied Pharmaceutical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Isra University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Abdulelah M. Aldhahir
- grid.411831.e0000 0004 0398 1027Respiratory Therapy Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alaa Idrees Fatani
- grid.412832.e0000 0000 9137 6644Department of Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rahaf Awaili Alharbi
- grid.412832.e0000 0000 9137 6644Department of Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khawlah Ghazi Alharbi
- grid.412832.e0000 0000 9137 6644Department of Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Braah Ali Almutwakkil
- grid.412832.e0000 0000 9137 6644Department of Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Emad Salawati
- grid.412125.10000 0001 0619 1117Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rakan Ekram
- grid.412832.e0000 0000 9137 6644School of Public Health and Health Informatics, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Samannodi
- grid.412832.e0000 0000 9137 6644Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A. Almatrafi
- grid.412832.e0000 0000 9137 6644Department of Pediatrics, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wael Rammal
- grid.415254.30000 0004 1790 7311Department of Surgery, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamza Assaggaf
- grid.412832.e0000 0000 9137 6644Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jumanah T. Qedair
- grid.412149.b0000 0004 0608 0662College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia ,grid.452607.20000 0004 0580 0891King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah A. Al Qurashi
- grid.412149.b0000 0004 0608 0662College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia ,grid.452607.20000 0004 0580 0891King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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11
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Gao Q, Zheng H, Sun R, Lu S. Parent-adolescent relationships, peer relationships, and adolescent mobile phone addiction: The mediating role of psychological needs satisfaction. Addict Behav 2022; 129:107260. [PMID: 35151093 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2022.107260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Prior studies have shown that parent-adolescent relationships and peer relationships may be important factors associated with adolescent mobile phone addiction (MPA). The present study aims to further explore the direct effects of parent-adolescent and peer relationships on adolescent MPA as well as the indirect effects through the mediating roles of autonomy, competence, and relatedness needs satisfaction. METHODS Our sample consisted of 1766 Chinese adolescents (53.10% male; Mage = 13.33, SD = 1.94, range from 10 to 18 years) who completed questionnaires regarding parent-adolescent relationships, peer relationships, psychological needs satisfaction, and MPA. SPSS 24.0 was used to analyze correlations among variables and Mplus 7.4 was used to test the structural equation model in this study. RESULTS (1) positive parent-adolescent relationships were negatively associated with adolescent MPA, while peer relationships did not show a significant association with MPA; (2) autonomy and competence needs satisfaction significantly mediated the effects of parent-adolescent and peer relationships on MPA, while the mediating role of relatedness need satisfaction between parent-adolescent and peer relationships and MPA was not significant; (3) the mediating effect of competence need satisfaction between peer relationships and MPA was significantly stronger than that between parent-adolescent relationships and MPA. CONCLUSIONS This study explored the different mechanisms by which parent-adolescent and peer relationships influence adolescent MPA. These discoveries may contribute to intervention and prevention programs for adolescent MPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiufeng Gao
- Department of Sociology, School of Government, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Haiyan Zheng
- Department of Sociology, School of Government, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ruimei Sun
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau, China; Center for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau, China.
| | - Sihan Lu
- Department of Sociology, School of Government, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
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Problematic mobile phone use inhibits aesthetic emotion with nature: The roles of presence and openness. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03175-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Al-Mohaimeed A, Alharbi M, Mahmud I. Prevalence and Associated Factors of Problematic Use of Smartphones Among Adults in Qassim, Saudi Arabia: Cross-sectional Survey. JMIR Public Health Surveill 2022; 8:e37451. [PMID: 35604756 PMCID: PMC9171592 DOI: 10.2196/37451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) ranks third globally in smartphone use. Smartphones have made many aspects of life easier. However, the overuse of smartphones is associated with physical and psychosocial problems. Objective The aim of this paper is to estimate the prevalence and associated factors of problematic use of smartphones among adults in the Qassim region of KSA. Methods We enrolled 715 participants using cluster random sampling for this cross-sectional survey. We assessed the problematic use of smartphones using the short version of the Smartphone Addiction Scale. Results We estimated the prevalence of problematic smartphone use among adults at 64% (453/708). Multivariable logistic regression analysis suggested that students are 3 times more likely to demonstrate problematic use compared with unemployed individuals (P=.03); adults using more than five apps are 2 times more likely to demonstrate problematic use compared to those using a maximum of three apps (P=.007). Protective factors against problematic smartphone use include using apps for academic (odds ratio [OR] 0.66; P=.04) or religious needs (OR 0.55; P=.007) and having a monthly family income of 5001-10,000 SAR (Saudi Riyal; US $1300-$2700; OR 0.46; P=.01) or 10,001-20,000 SAR (US $2700-$5400; OR 0.51; P=.03) compared to the <1501 SAR (US $400) income group. Conclusions We reported a very high prevalence of problematic use of smartphones in KSA. Considering its negative impact on physical and psychosocial health, public health programs should develop preventive strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulrahman Al-Mohaimeed
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mansour Alharbi
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ilias Mahmud
- Department of Public Health, College of Public Health and Health Informatics, Qassim University, Al Bukairiyah, Saudi Arabia
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14
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Chen Y, Guo Y. Self-control mediation on the relationship between personal growth initiative and smartphone addiction among Chinese university students. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY IN AFRICA 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/14330237.2021.2017154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yongguang Chen
- School of Education Science, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, Henan, China
| | - Yungui Guo
- School of Business, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan, China
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15
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Gao L, Yang C, Yang X, Chu X, Liu Q, Zhou Z. Negative emotion and problematic mobile phone use: The mediating role of rumination and the moderating role of social support. ASIAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/ajsp.12471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lingfeng Gao
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior (CCNU) Ministry of Education WuhanChina
- School of Psychology Central China Normal University WuhanChina
| | - Chen Yang
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior (CCNU) Ministry of Education WuhanChina
- School of Psychology Central China Normal University WuhanChina
| | - Xiujuan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior (CCNU) Ministry of Education WuhanChina
- School of Psychology Central China Normal University WuhanChina
| | - Xiaowei Chu
- Institute of Psychological and Brain Sciences Zhejiang Normal University JinhuaChina
| | - Qingqi Liu
- Research Center of Adolescent Psychology and Behavior School of Education Guangzhou University Guangzhou China
| | - Zongkui Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior (CCNU) Ministry of Education WuhanChina
- School of Psychology Central China Normal University WuhanChina
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16
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Tedla JS, Sangadala DR, Reddy RS, Gular K, Kakaraparthi VN, Samuel PS. Lower extremity muscle strength reference values for young Saudi male adults aged 21 to 23 years and their correlation with anthropometric parameters and balance. Facets (Ott) 2022. [DOI: 10.1139/facets-2021-0111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Normative reference values for muscle strength are needed for muscle strength assessment and estimation of prognosis in lower extremity related neuromuscular disorders, as muscle strength influenced by anthropometric parameters and muscle strength itself affects balance. Normative reference values for muscle strength in the Saudi Arabian population is lacking in the literature. Hence, the current study aimed to establish normative reference values for lower extremity muscle strength and to correlate these values with anthropometric parameters and balance. Lower extremity muscle strength and balance were assessed by baseline hand-held dynamometer and by forward, lateral, and oblique direction reach tests in 421 young male adults between 21 and 23 years of age. The mean and standard deviation of lower extremity strength ranged from 43.83 ± 16.92 lb to 62.07 ± 10.74 lb. Body weight, body mass index, and oblique and lateral reach distances were correlated with some knee and ankle muscle strength values. Body weight, body mass index, and balance showed significant effect on lower extremity muscle strength. Furthermore, decreased muscle strength may impair balance; the current clinical practice should evaluate body weight, body mass index, and muscle strength during the assessment process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaya Shanker Tedla
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Devika Rani Sangadala
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ravi Shankar Reddy
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Kumar Gular
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Venkata Nagaraj Kakaraparthi
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Paul Silvian Samuel
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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17
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The effect of smartphone addiction on physical activity level in sports science undergraduates. J Bodyw Mov Ther 2021; 28:530-534. [PMID: 34776190 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2021.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smartphones are thought to have many negative effects on interpersonal relationships, physical-mental health, and general functionality as well as bring many conveniences to our daily lives. This study aimed to determine the effect of smartphone addiction on physical activity level in sports science undergraduates. Secondly, comparing the physical activity level in students by gender was aimed. METHOD A total of 300 (134 female, 166 male) healthy university students were included in this study. The mean age of the subjects was 21.36 ± 2.33 years. The universe of the study consisted of volunteer students (Coaching Education, Physical Education and Sports Teaching, Sports Management, Recreation Departments) at the Faculty of Sport Sciences. Participants' demographic information was obtained and their physical activity levels were questioned with International Physical Activity Questionnaires (IPAQ) and smartphone addictions with the Smartphone Addiction Scale- Short Version (SAS-SV). The significance level was accepted as p < .05 in statistical evaluations. RESULTS According to IPAQ scores, physical activity levels of the participants were as follows; 65.3% were adequate, 32.7% low and 2% inactive. One-hundred and twenty-six participants (42%) were smartphone addicts according to the SAS-SV results. When the departments were examined within themselves, it was found that IPAQ and SAS-SV scores were negatively correlated for Physical Education and Sports Teaching (r = - 0.262; p = .021) and Sports management (r = - 0.295; p = .01).
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18
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Anxiety about COVID-19 Infection, and Its Relation to Smartphone Addiction and Demographic Variables in Middle Eastern Countries. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182111016. [PMID: 34769539 PMCID: PMC8583364 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182111016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This study explores the level and frequency of anxiety about COVID-19 infection in some Middle Eastern countries, and differences in this anxiety by country, gender, workplace, and social status. Another aim was to identify the predictive power of anxiety about COVID-19 infection, daily smartphone use hours, and age in smartphone addiction. The participants were 651 males and females from Jordan, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, and Egypt. The participants’ ages ranged between 18 and 73 years (M 33.36, SD = 10.69). A questionnaire developed by the authors was used to examine anxiety about COVID-19 infection. Furthermore, the Italian Smartphone Addiction Inventory was used after being translated, adapted, and validated for the purposes of the present study. The results revealed that the percentages of participants with high, average, and low anxiety about COVID-19 infection were 10.3%, 37.3%, and 52.4%, respectively. The mean scores of anxiety about COVID-19 infection in the four countries were average: Egypt (M = 2.655), Saudi Arabia (M = 2.458), the United Arab Emirates (M = 2.413), and Jordan (M = 2.336). Significant differences in anxiety about COVID-19 infection were found between Egypt and Jordan, in favor of Egypt. Significant gender differences were found in favor of females in the Jordanian and Egyptian samples, and in favor of males in the Emirati sample. No significant differences were found regarding workplace and social status. The results also revealed a significant positive relationship between anxiety about COVID-19 infection, daily smartphone use hours, and age on the one hand, and smartphone addiction on the other. The strongest predictor of smartphone addiction was anxiety about COVID-19 infection, followed by daily use hours. Age did not significantly contribute to the prediction of smartphone addiction. The study findings shed light on the psychological health and cognitive aspects of anxiety about COVID-19 infection and its relation to smartphone addiction.
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19
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Saadeh H, Al Fayez RQ, Al Refaei A, Shewaikani N, Khawaldah H, Abu-Shanab S, Al-Hussaini M. Smartphone Use Among University Students During COVID-19 Quarantine: An Ethical Trigger. Front Public Health 2021; 9:600134. [PMID: 34381747 PMCID: PMC8350027 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.600134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
To reduce the spread of COVID-19, Jordan enforced 10 weeks of home quarantine in the spring of 2020. A cross-sectional study was designed to assess this extended quarantine's effect on smartphone addiction levels among undergraduates. A random sample of 6,157 undergraduates completed an online questionnaire (mean age 19.79 ± 1.67 years; males 28.7%). The questionnaire contains different sections to collect socio-demographic, socio-economic, academic, quarantine-related information, and smartphone usage. The smartphone addiction scale-short version was used to assess the degree of addiction during the quarantine. The mean addiction score across the whole sample was 35.66 ± 12.08, while the prevalence of addiction among participants was 62.4% (63.5% in males and 61.9% in females). The majority of the participants (85%) reported that their smartphone usage during the quarantine increased or greatly increased (27.6 and 57.2%, respectively), with some 42% using their smartphones for more than 6 h a day. Nevertheless, three-quarters of the students wished to reduce their smartphone usage. Several demographic and quarantine factors have been assessed, and students' gender, the field of study, parental education, household income in addition to the location of quarantine (urban, rural) and the house specifications (apartment, independent house, with/without a garden) showed statistically significant associations with smartphone addiction during the quarantine. Female students, students studying scientific- and medical-related majors compared to those studying humanity majors, those with higher incomes, those who had been quarantined in an apartment without a garden, and those who lived in urban areas showed significantly higher addiction scores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba Saadeh
- Department of Computer Science, King Abdullah II School of Information Technology Faculty, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Reem Q Al Fayez
- Department of Computer Information System, King Abdullah II School of Information Technology Faculty, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | | | | | - Hamzah Khawaldah
- Department of Geography, School of Arts, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | | | - Maysa Al-Hussaini
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman, Jordan.,Human Research Protection Program Office, King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman, Jordan
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20
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Demiralp M, Öksüz E, Aksu M, Sarikoc G, Tuzer H, Mersin S. Does the smartphone use affect the determination of daily goals: A nursing students' example? Perspect Psychiatr Care 2021; 57:635-641. [PMID: 32705709 DOI: 10.1111/ppc.12587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine how the risky use of smartphone in nursing students affects their daily goals. DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 419 nursing students participated in this study. A Descriptive Data Form, Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version, and Daily Goals Scale were used to collect the data. FINDINGS According to our study results; students who are afraid of forgetting or losing their phone have a higher risk of being smartphone addiction. As the risks of students' smartphone addiction increase, their daily goal setting levels decreased. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS The risky use of smartphone effects negatively daily goals setting. Education and counseling programs that will prevent the risky use of smartphones and the associated risk of addiction should be provided for nursing students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meral Demiralp
- Department of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, School of Health, European University of Lefke, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Emine Öksüz
- Department of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, Gulhane Faculty of Nursing, University of Health Sciences Turkey, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Miray Aksu
- Management Department, Gulhane Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gamze Sarikoc
- Department of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, Gulhane Faculty of Nursing, University of Health Sciences Turkey, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hilal Tuzer
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Yildirim Beyazit University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sevinç Mersin
- Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing Department, School of Nursing, Bilecik SE University, Bilecik, Turkey
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21
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Abbas HA. Effects of personality disorders and attitudes towards social networking services: evidence from family business successors in the Arab world. JOURNAL OF FAMILY BUSINESS MANAGEMENT 2021. [DOI: 10.1108/jfbm-11-2020-0112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose
This paper examines the effect of personality disorders, namely loneliness and shyness, on the family business successors' attitude towards social networking services (SNS).
Design/methodology/approach
In this study the personality disorder and attitude towards using WhatsApp are analysed in a sample of 511 family business successors, aged 18 and up to more than 50 years. Participants completed questionnaires designed for the purposes of the study specifically using for loneliness factor the UCLA Loneliness Scale (Russell et al., 1978) and for shyness the Sociability Scale (Cheek and Buss, 1981). We use two statistical methods: the first statistical technique is an exploratory factor analysis to show that shyness can be measured down into two dimensions (1) lack of confidence and (2) hesitancy, while loneliness also can be measured into the two dimensions: (1) amiability and (2) abandonment. The second statistical method uses structural equation modelling (SEM) to fit the data to the proposed model.
Findings
The results indicate that neither a lack of confidence nor amiability has a significant effect on the attitude towards instant messaging, while hesitancy and abandonment both have significant effects on attitude. Moreover, abandonment has a stronger effect on attitude than hesitancy.
Research limitations/implications
In this study were not included other related social disorders that other scholars normally study in such projects. For example, narcissism, addiction and socially anxious are very important and have results that conflict with ours.
Originality/value
The causal relations between the two independent factors of shyness and loneliness and the dependent factor of attitude towards using an Internet and SNS in family businesses from the Arab world have not yet been clearly and fully explored. This study aims to fill this gap through studying the impact of personality disorder (loneliness and shyness) on attitude to use SNS by the successors of family businesses.
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22
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Busch PA, McCarthy S. Antecedents and consequences of problematic smartphone use: A systematic literature review of an emerging research area. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2020.106414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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23
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Arpaci I. Gender differences in the relationship between problematic internet use and nomophobia. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-020-01160-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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24
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Gao L, Zhang J, Xie H, Nie Y, Zhao Q, Zhou Z. Effect of the mobile phone-related background on inhibitory control of problematic mobile phone use: An event-related potentials study. Addict Behav 2020; 108:106363. [PMID: 32434104 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The present study aims to provide electrophysiological evidence for deficient inhibitory control in problematic mobile phone use and to investigate whether reduced inhibition is more pronounced during exposure to a mobile phone related background cue. A screen scale of smartphone addiction was completed by 227 college students, and finally an experimental group and a control group consisting of 20 problematic mobile phone users and 19 controls were included in the study. Event-related potentials were recorded during a backgrounded Go/NoGo task performed by those two groups, in which either a frequent Go signal (letter "M") or a rare NoGo signal (letter "W") was superimposed on three different background cues: neutral, mobile phone application-related and mobile phone using-related pictures. Results showed that problematic mobile phone users performed more commission errors than controls following mobile phone application background. Furthermore, problematic mobile phone users displayed a weaker NoGo P3 amplitude than controls on the mobile phone application background. The result might suggest that there is no general impairment of inhibitory control in problematic mobile phone use. The deficient inhibitory control on behavioral and psychophysiological level appeared merely in the mobile phone-related background. Such deficient stimuli-specific inhibitory control appears at the late stage of inhibitory control. Prevention programs should be designed to curtail exposure to the mobile phone-related stimulus and enhance cognitive control of potential problematic mobile phone users.
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25
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Gao Y, Dai H, Jia G, Liang C, Tong T, Zhang Z, Song R, Wang Q, Zhu Y. Translation of the Chinese Version of the Nomophobia Questionnaire and Its Validation Among College Students: Factor Analysis. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2020; 8:e13561. [PMID: 32167480 PMCID: PMC7101502 DOI: 10.2196/13561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nomophobia or phobia of no mobile phone is the fear of being without a mobile phone or being unable to contact others via a mobile phone. It is a newly emerging psychiatric disorder among mobile phone users. Objective There are no psychometric scales available in China for examining nomophobia, although China has become the largest mobile phone handset consumer market in the world. Therefore, this study aimed to translate the original English version of a psychometric scale into Chinese and further examine its reliability and validity among Chinese college students. Methods The original version of the Nomophobia Questionnaire (NMP-Q) was first translated into Chinese using the backward and forward translation procedure. An exploratory factor analysis (a principal component analysis plus varimax rotation) and a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were performed to examine the underlying factor structure of the translated questionnaire. The internal consistency reliability of the scale was determined by computing the Cronbach alpha coefficient, the test-retest reliability, and the corrected item-total correlation. A multivariate regression analysis was used for examining associations between nomophobia and independent variables among the college students. Results A total of 2000 participants were included in the study. Their ages ranged from 16 to 25 years, with 51.95% (1039/2000) being male participants. The Chinese version of NMP-Q retained 18 items. The eigenvalues, total variance explained, and scree plot jointly support a 4-factor structure of the translated questionnaire. The CFA reached the adaptive standard, and the discriminant validity of the scale was good. The Cronbach alpha coefficient of this scale was .925, and the Cronbach alpha coefficients of the subscales were .882, .843, .895, and .818. The test-retest reliability was 0.947. Corrected item-total correlation ranged from 0.539 to 0.663. The significant predictors for each of the dimensions of nomophobia and total score of the questionnaire were the average number of hours spent on a mobile phone daily and gender. Conclusions The Chinese version of the NMP-Q exhibited satisfactory psychometric properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Gao
- School of Nursing, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Hongliang Dai
- School of Nursing, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Guizhi Jia
- Department of Physiology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China.,Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Chunguang Liang
- School of Nursing, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Tong Tong
- School of Nursing, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Zhiyu Zhang
- School of Nursing, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Ruobing Song
- School of Nursing, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Qing Wang
- School of Nursing, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Yue Zhu
- School of Nursing, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
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26
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Dharmadhikari SP, Harshe SD, Bhide PP. Prevalence and Correlates of Excessive Smartphone Use among Medical Students: A Cross-sectional Study. Indian J Psychol Med 2019; 41:549-555. [PMID: 31772442 PMCID: PMC6875846 DOI: 10.4103/ijpsym.ijpsym_75_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing smartphone use has led to the introduction of smartphone addiction as a behavioral addiction with detrimental effects on health. This phenomenon has not been widely studied in the Indian context. This study assessed the rate of smartphone addiction in a sample of medical students, with a focus on its correlation with sleep quality and stress levels. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted between November 2016 and January 2017 in 195 medical students. Their smartphone use, level of smartphone addiction, sleep quality, and perceived stress levels were measured using the Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version (SAS-SV), the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10), respectively. RESULTS Of the 195 students, 90 (46.15%) had smartphone addiction as per the scale. A self-reported feeling of having smartphone addiction, use of the smartphone right before sleeping, PSS scores, and PSQI scores were found to be significantly associated with the SAS-SV scores. Significant positive correlations were observed between the SAS-SV and PSS-10 scores, and the SAS-SV and PSQI scores. CONCLUSIONS There is a high magnitude of smartphone addiction in medical students of a college in Western Maharashtra. The significant association of this addiction with poorer sleep quality and higher perceived stress is a cause for concern. The high self-awareness among students about having smartphone addiction is promising. However, further studies are required to determine whether this self-awareness leads to treatment seeking. Further studies are required to explore our finding of the association of smartphone addiction with using the smartphone before sleeping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surabhi P Dharmadhikari
- Department of Psychiatry, RCSM Government Medical College and CPR Hospital, Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sneha D Harshe
- Department of Psychiatry, RCSM Government Medical College and CPR Hospital, Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Poorva P Bhide
- Department of Psychiatry, RCSM Government Medical College and CPR Hospital, Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India
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