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Chang EC, Sánchez-Álvarez N, Rey L, Extremera N. Examining optimism and flourishing as protective factors of suicidality across the adult lifespan: A cross-sectional investigation in three Spanish age groups. DEATH STUDIES 2024:1-10. [PMID: 38416573 DOI: 10.1080/07481187.2024.2322560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
We examined optimism and flourishing as unique protective predictors of suicidality (viz., suicidal ideation and suicidal behaviors) in a cross-sectional study of young adults (18-35 years), middle-aged adults (36-55 years), and older adults (≥56 years). Young adults were found to have higher levels of suicidal ideation and suicidal behaviors compared to middle-aged and older adults. Controlling for depressive symptoms, the results of conducting regression analyses consistently implicated flourishing as a distinct predictor of lower suicidal ideation and suicidal behaviors in young adults and middle-aged adults. However, for older adults, only optimism was found to be a unique predictor of lower suicidal ideation and suicidal behaviors. Implications of the present findings for understanding the differential role of optimism and flourishing in accounting for suicidality across the adult lifespan are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward C Chang
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | - Lourdes Rey
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
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2
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Khazem LR, Pearlstien JG, Anestis MD, Gratz KL, Tull MT, Bryan CJ. Differences in suicide risk correlates and history of suicide ideation and attempts as a function of disability type. J Clin Psychol 2023; 79:466-476. [PMID: 35909343 PMCID: PMC10087921 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.23419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disability status is associated with correlates of suicide risk (perceived burdensomeness, thwarted belongingness, negative future disposition, felt stigma, suicidal ideation, and suicide attempts). AIMS This study aimed to examine whether suicide-related correlates differ significantly as a function of disability type. METHODS Individuals with mobility and vision disabilities (N = 102) completed semistructured interviews and online-based questionnaires. Analysis of variance/analysis of covaiance and Fisher's exact tests were conducted to examine whether mean levels of suicide-related correlates differed significantly between individuals with blindness/low vision (n = 63) versus mobility-related (n = 39) disabilities. RESULTS No significant between-group differences were observed for most outcomes; however, individuals with vision disabilities reported higher mean levels of felt stigma and positive future disposition than those with mobility-related disabilities. LIMITATIONS The limited representation of disabilities among participants precludes generalization to individuals with other forms of disability and the cross-sectional design prevents inference about causality. CONCLUSIONS Interventions targeting cognitive processes that underlie suicide risk may be applicable to people with mobility and vision disabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren R Khazem
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Jennifer G Pearlstien
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | | | - Kim L Gratz
- Department of Psychology, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Matthew T Tull
- Department of Psychology, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Craig J Bryan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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3
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Lee B, Reyes A, Rumrill S, Bishop M. The Intermediary Role of Optimism and Mental Health in the Relationship Between Disability-Related Stress and Life Satisfaction: A Serial Mediation Model. REHABILITATION COUNSELING BULLETIN 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/00343552221080434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Although research has examined the relationship between stress and life satisfaction for individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS), less is known about the mechanism through which disability-related stress affects life satisfaction. The purpose of the study was to examine the intermediary role of optimism and mental health in the relationship between disability-related stress and life satisfaction in people with MS. In this cross-sectional study, the sample consisted of 373 adults with MS (mean age = 47.77 years; SD = 11.70). Descriptive statistics, correlation analyses, and a serial mediation analysis were conducted in this study. Our findings suggested that disability-related stress was inversely associated with optimism, mental health, and life satisfaction. Optimism was positively associated with mental health and life satisfaction. Mental health was positively associated with life satisfaction. The serial mediation analysis results suggested that disability-related stress was negatively associated with life satisfaction through optimism and mental health. Our findings provided implications for clinicians to facilitate optimism and mental health promotion for people with MS.
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Snooks MP, McLaren S. Dispositional optimism and suicide among trans and gender diverse adults. DEATH STUDIES 2021; 46:1954-1962. [PMID: 33523778 DOI: 10.1080/07481187.2021.1876787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Trans and gender diverse adults are at increased suicide risk. Optimism protects against suicide across multiple populations. Applying the Interpersonal-Psychological Theory of Suicide (IPTS), we examined both factors among 237 adults recruited via social media and online platforms, 79.3% of whom reported serious suicide ideation. Dispositional optimism predicted suicidal ideation and behaviors (SIB), but did not moderate the relationship between the IPTS components and SIB. After controlling for depressive symptoms, hormone therapy and gender-affirming surgery did not predict SIB. Promoting dispositional optimism within a therapeutic framework may reduce SIB in this vulnerable population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Paul Snooks
- School of Science, Psychology and Sport, Federation University, Ballarat, Australia
| | - Suzanne McLaren
- School of Science, Psychology and Sport, Federation University, Ballarat, Australia
- School of Psychology, Charles Sturt University, Port Macquarie, Australia
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5
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The Common Factors of Grit, Hope, and Optimism Differentially Influence Suicide Resilience. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17249588. [PMID: 33371423 PMCID: PMC7767414 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17249588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
No study to date has simultaneously examined the commonalities and unique aspects of positive psychological factors and whether these factors uniquely account for a reduction in suicide risk. Using a factor analytic approach, the current study examined the relationships between grit, hope, optimism, and their unique and overlapping relationships in predicting suicide ideation. Results of principle axis factor analysis demonstrated close relationships between these variables at both the construct and item level. Item-level analyses supported a five-factor solution (Stick-to-Itiveness, Poor Future, Consistency of Interest, Positive Future, and Poor Pathways). Four of the five factors (excluding Stick-to-Itiveness) were associated with suicide ideation. Additionally, results of a multiple regression analysis indicated that two of the five factors (Consistency of Interest and Positive Future) negatively predicted suicide ideation while Poor Future positively predicted suicide ideation. Implications regarding the interrelationships between grit, hope, and optimism with suicide ideation are discussed.
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6
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Saricali M, Satici SA, Satici B, Gocet-Tekin E, Griffiths MD. Fear of COVID-19, Mindfulness, Humor, and Hopelessness: A Multiple Mediation Analysis. Int J Ment Health Addict 2020; 20:2151-2164. [PMID: 33230394 PMCID: PMC7676415 DOI: 10.1007/s11469-020-00419-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hopelessness is an important vulnerability factor for depressive symptomology and suicidal ideations. It may also play an important role in the fear of coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19). Therefore, the present study tested the mediating role of mindful awareness and humor (both identified as coping strategies for dealing with stressful situations) in the relationship between fear of COVID-19 and hopelessness. Participants comprised 786 Turkish individuals (562 females and 224 males; aged between 18 and 67 years) from 71 of 81 cities in Turkey. An online convenience sampling method was used to recruit participants. Participants completed surveys including the Fear of COVID-19 Scale, Beck Hopelessness Scale, Mindful Attention Awareness Scale, and Coping Humor Scale. The model was tested using structural equation modeling (SEM) and utilizing bootstrapping. The results of SEM showed that the effect of fear of COVID-19 on hopelessness was partly mediated by mindfulness and humor, and which was supported by bootstrapping. Therefore, higher fear of COVID-19 was associated with lower mindfulness and humor. In turn, lower mindfulness and humor were related with higher hopelessness. Findings are discussed in the context of COVID-19 and the hopelessness literature, and practical implications for counselors are also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Saricali
- Department of Psychology, Nevşehir Hacı Bektaş Veli University, Nevşehir, Turkey
| | - Seydi Ahmet Satici
- Department of Psychological Counselling, Artvin Coruh University, Artvin, Turkey
| | - Begum Satici
- Department of Psychological Counselling, Artvin Coruh University, Artvin, Turkey
| | - Emine Gocet-Tekin
- Department of Foreign Languages, Sakarya University, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Mark D Griffiths
- International Gaming Research Unit, Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, 50 Shakespeare Street, Nottingham, NG1 4FQ UK
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Kovacs M, George CJ. Maladaptive mood repair predicts suicidal behaviors among young adults with depression histories. J Affect Disord 2020; 265:558-566. [PMID: 31787418 PMCID: PMC7042083 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.11.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As the rates of suicidal behaviors continue to rise, research is needed that can facilitate prevention. The present study therefore examined whether a modifiable process, dysfunctional regulation of sadness (maladaptive mood repair), predicts a range of suicidal behaviors and if its impact is affected by risk and protective factors. METHODS Young adults with histories of childhood-onset mood disorder (COMD) (n = 173) or no histories of major psychiatric illness (controls, n = 96) were followed for approximately 3 years. Self-rated questionnaires and psychiatric evaluations were administered at study entry (T1) and across the follow-up (T2) and clinicians assessed the DSM-range of non-fatal suicidal behaviors. We hypothesized that the impact of depression on suicidal behaviors was mediated by dysfunctional regulation of sadness. RESULTS At T1, 90% of the COMD group had histories of various suicidal behaviors; 63% had past suicide attempts. During follow-up, 40% exhibited suicidal behaviors; 7% reported suicide attempts. Controlling for prior suicidal behaviors, T1 maladaptive mood repair predicted suicidal behavior during the follow-up and differentiated recurrent thoughts of death from other forms of suicidality. Protective and risk factors lost their predictive power in the presence of maladaptive mood repair. LIMITATIONS Few control cases exhibited suicidal behavior during the follow-up and the high inter-correlations among several key variables constrained the models that could be fitted. CONCLUSIONS Programs to prevent suicidal behavior among high-risk individuals should include maladaptive mood repair as an intervention target. Further research is needed on whether recurrent thoughts of death constitute a valid index of suicidality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Kovacs
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, School of MedicineWPIC, 3811 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh PA 15213, United States.
| | - Charles J George
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh PA, United States
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8
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Rozek DC, Keane C, Sippel LM, Stein JY, Rollo-Carlson C, Bryan CJ. Short-term effects of crisis response planning on optimism in a U.S. Army sample. Early Interv Psychiatry 2019; 13:682-685. [PMID: 29943518 DOI: 10.1111/eip.12699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM This study examined the short-term effects of a brief crisis intervention on optimism of acutely suicidal soldiers. METHODS U.S. Soldiers (N = 97) presenting for an emergency mental health appointment in a military emergency department or behavioural health clinic were randomly assigned to treatment as usual standard crisis response plan, or enhanced crisis response plan (E-CRP). This study is used a subsample of the original clinical trial (n = 64) for those who completed self-report measures of optimism (Life Orientation Test-Revised) prior to receiving any intervention and a secondary self-report assessment one-month following the intervention. RESULTS Results indicate that individuals with low baseline optimism who received the E-CRP had significant increases in optimism 1 month post-intervention. CONCLUSION This provides evidence that discussing a patient's reasons for living during a CRP increases optimism in those high-risk patients with the lowest baseline optimism.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Rozek
- National Center for Veterans Studies, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Carol Keane
- School of Psychology, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Lauren M Sippel
- National Center for PTSD Executive Division, White River Junction, Vermont.,Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Department of Psychiatry, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Jacob Y Stein
- Bob Shapell School of Social Work, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,I-Core Research Center for Mass Trauma, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Cynthia Rollo-Carlson
- University of Southern California Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, Los Angeles, California
| | - Craig J Bryan
- National Center for Veterans Studies, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
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9
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Optimists report fewer physical and mental health conditions than pessimists in the general Norwegian population. HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY REPORT 2019. [DOI: 10.5114/hpr.2019.81003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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10
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Mac Giollabhui N, Nielsen J, Seidman S, Olino TM, Abramson LY, Alloy LB. The Development of Future Orientation is Associated with Faster Decline in Hopelessness during Adolescence. J Youth Adolesc 2018; 47:2129-2142. [PMID: 29305672 PMCID: PMC6033687 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-017-0803-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Hopelessness is implicated in multiple psychological disorders. Little is known, however, about the trajectory of hopelessness during adolescence or how emergent future orientation may influence its trajectory. Parallel process latent growth curve modelling tested whether (i) trajectories of future orientation and hopelessness and (ii) within-individual change in future orientation and hopelessness were related. The study was comprised of 472 adolescents [52% female, 47% Caucasian, 47% received free lunch] recruited at ages 12-13 who completed measures of future orientation and hopelessness at five annual assessments. The results indicate that a general decline in hopelessness across adolescence occurs quicker for those experiencing faster development of future orientation, when controlling for age, sex, low socio-economic status in addition to stressful life events in childhood and adolescence. Stressful childhood life events were associated with worse future orientation at baseline and negative life events experienced during adolescence were associated with both an increase in the trajectory of hopelessness as well as a decrease in the trajectory of future orientation. This study provides compelling evidence that the development of future orientation during adolescence is associated with a faster decline in hopelessness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoise Mac Giollabhui
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, Weiss Hall, 1701 N. 13th St., Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA
| | - Johanna Nielsen
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, Weiss Hall, 1701 N. 13th St., Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA
| | - Sam Seidman
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, Weiss Hall, 1701 N. 13th St., Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA
| | - Thomas M Olino
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, Weiss Hall, 1701 N. 13th St., Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA
| | - Lyn Y Abramson
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, USA
| | - Lauren B Alloy
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, Weiss Hall, 1701 N. 13th St., Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA.
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11
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Yuan L, Wang DF, Lew B, Osman A, Jia CX. The future disposition Inventory-24: reliability and validity estimates in a large sample of Chinese University students. BMC Psychiatry 2018; 18:299. [PMID: 30236111 PMCID: PMC6149006 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-018-1875-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study was designed to assess the factor structure, internal consistency reliability, and preliminary psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the Future Disposition Inventory-24 (FDI-24) in a large sample of Chinese university students. METHODS We translated the English version of the Future Disposition Inventory-24 (FDI-24) into Chinese and examined its factor structure, estimates of internal consistency reliability, and psychometric properties in a representative sample of university students. In particular, students (N = 2,074) from two universities in Shandong Province in China were identified using the multi-stage stratified sampling method. In addition to the FDI-24, we collected preliminary data using self-report instruments that included the Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS) and a general sociodemographic information questionnaire. RESULTS The results of the internal consistency reliability estimates were adequate regarding the scores on the three FDI-24 subscales: Cronbach's alpha = .89-.97, Omega total = .85-.96, Revelle's Omega total = .88-.96, the greatest lower bound (GLB) = .89-.96 and Coefficient H = .86-.94. Bivariate correlation analyses showed evidence for criterion and discriminant validity. The 3-factor oblique-Geomin-rotation solution accounted for 62.92% of the total variance in the exploratory factor analysis (EFA). The exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM) result showed that the 3-factor model provided adequate fit statistics for the sample data: the robust comparative fit index (R-CFI) was .959, robust Tucker Lewis index (R-TLI) was .946 and robust root mean square error of approximation (R-RMSEA) was .090. CONCLUSION The FDI-24 has a satisfactory factor structure, reliability estimates, and satisfactory evidence of concurrent validity estimates for students with different demographic and cultural backgrounds. The FDI-24 holds promise for use in future investigations with Chinese students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Yuan
- 0000 0004 1761 1174grid.27255.37Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shandong University & Shandong University Center for Suicide Prevention Research, Jinan, Shandong China
| | - Dong-Fang Wang
- 0000 0000 9459 9325grid.464402.0Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changqing, Jinan, Shandong China
| | - Bob Lew
- Department of Social Psychology, Faculty of Human Ecology, Putra University of Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Augustine Osman
- 0000000121845633grid.215352.2Department of Psychology, One UTSA Circle, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX USA
| | - Cun-Xian Jia
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shandong University & Shandong University Center for Suicide Prevention Research, Jinan, Shandong, China.
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12
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Zhao X, Shi C. The Relationship Between Regulatory Emotional Self-Efficacy and Core Self-Evaluation of College Students: The Mediation Effects of Suicidal Attitude. Front Psychol 2018; 9:598. [PMID: 29740378 PMCID: PMC5928748 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study analyzed the mediation effect of a suicidal attitude from regulatory emotional self-efficacy to core self-evaluation. A measurement study was conducted among 438 college students using the Regulatory Emotional Self-Efficacy Scale, the Core Self-Evaluation Scale, and the Suicide Attitude Questionnaire. Results from the plug-in process in SPSS and the bootstrap method showed that the attitude toward suicidal behavior and the attitude toward family members of an individual who has committed suicide played a double-mediation role, from perceived self-efficacy in managing happiness to core self-evaluation. The results also showed that the attitude toward a person who committed suicide or attempted suicide played a mediation effect from perceived self-efficacy in managing curiousness to core self-evaluation. This research has great significance for improving the understanding of college students' sense of happiness and prevention for self-evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Zhao
- School of Education, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Changxiu Shi
- School of Criminal Justice, China University of Political Science and Law, Beijing, China
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13
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Braden A, Overholser J, Fisher L, Ridley J. Life Meaning is Predictive of Improved Hopelessness and Depression Recovery in Depressed Veterans. JOURNAL OF SOCIAL AND CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1521/jscp.2017.36.8.629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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14
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Tian L, Yang Y, Yang H, Huebner ES. Prevalence of Suicidal Ideation and Its Association with Positive Affect in Working Women: A Day Reconstruction Study. Front Psychol 2017; 8:285. [PMID: 28377731 PMCID: PMC5359223 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The suicide rate for females in China is the second highest worldwide, and China is the only country in the world in which the rate of suicides is higher for women than men. Affective instability has been shown to be a strong predictor of suicidal ideation, particularly among women. However, prior research has mainly focused on the impact of women's negative affect on suicidal ideation, ignoring the influence of positive affect on suicidal ideation. Studies have revealed that hopelessness, which is 1.3 times more important than depression for explaining suicidal ideation, is driven more by low levels of positive affect than by high levels of negative affect. Although positive affect has also been found to be related to suicidal ideation, and it demonstrates independent, beneficial effects on mental health, much remains to be learned about the association between positive affective instability and suicidal ideation. Therefore, we investigated the prevalence of suicidal ideation among Chinese working women and explored the differences between working women with and without suicidal ideation in the intensity and daily variability of positive affect. A total of 222 young working women of ages 22–36 years (M = 27.64, SD = 3.73) were recruited from a free weekend psychology lecture. The women subsequently completed a daily diary Day Reconstruction Method (DRM) as well as a suicidal ideation questionnaire. We used hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) to analyze the data, and the results showed that: (1) 10.81% of participates reported suicidal ideation, the intensity of positive affect (happiness, warmth/friendliness, interest and relaxation/calmness) was significantly lower for women with suicidal ideation compared to women without suicidal ideation; (2) differing diurnal patterns of positive emotions were observed between women with and without suicidal ideation; women with suicidal ideation demonstrated a significantly lower trend of growth and a higher volatility in happiness, warmth/friendliness, relaxation/calmness. Given that lower intensity of positive affect and greater affective instability significantly predicted suicidal ideation in Chinese women, researchers should pay more attention to the role of positive affect in female suicide prevention research and intervention efforts in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Tian
- School of Psychology, South China Normal UniversityGuangzhou, China; Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal UniversityGuangzhou, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Ying Yang
- School of Psychology, South China Normal UniversityGuangzhou, China; Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal UniversityGuangzhou, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Huijing Yang
- School of Psychology, South China Normal UniversityGuangzhou, China; Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal UniversityGuangzhou, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - E Scott Huebner
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina Columbia, SC, USA
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15
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Huffman JC, Boehm JK, Beach SR, Beale EE, DuBois CM, Healy BC. Relationship of optimism and suicidal ideation in three groups of patients at varying levels of suicide risk. J Psychiatr Res 2016; 77:76-84. [PMID: 26994340 PMCID: PMC4841259 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2016.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Revised: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Optimism has been associated with reduced suicidal ideation, but there have been few studies in patients at high suicide risk. We analyzed data from three study populations (total N = 319) with elevated risk of suicide: (1) patients with a recent acute cardiovascular event, (2) patients hospitalized for heart disease who had depression or an anxiety disorder, and (3) patients psychiatrically hospitalized for suicidal ideation or following a suicide attempt. For each study we analyzed the association between optimism (measured by the Life-Orientation Test-Revised) and suicidal ideation, and then completed an exploratory random effects meta-analysis of the findings to synthesize this data. The meta-analysis of the three studies showed that higher levels of self-reported optimism were associated with a lower likelihood of suicidal ideation (odds ratio [OR] = .89, 95% confidence interval [CI] = .85-.95, z = 3.94, p < .001), independent of age, gender, and depressive symptoms. This association held when using the subscales of the Life Orientation Test-Revised scale that measured higher optimism (OR = .84, 95% CI = .76-.92, z = 3.57, p < .001) and lower pessimism (OR = .83, 95% CI = .75-.92], z = 3.61, p < .001). These results also held when suicidal ideation was analyzed as an ordinal variable. Our findings suggest that optimism may be associated with a lower risk of suicidal ideation, above and beyond the effects of depressive symptoms, for a wide range of patients with clinical conditions that place them at elevated risk for suicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeff C. Huffman
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Julia K. Boehm
- Department of Psychology, Chapman University, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Scott R. Beach
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eleanor E. Beale
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Brian C. Healy
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Biostatistics Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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16
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Osman A, Lamis DA, Bagge CL, Freedenthal S, Barnes SM. The Mindful Attention Awareness Scale: Further Examination of Dimensionality, Reliability, and Concurrent Validity Estimates. J Pers Assess 2015; 98:189-99. [PMID: 26560259 DOI: 10.1080/00223891.2015.1095761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
We examined the factor structure and psychometric properties of the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS) in a sample of 810 undergraduate students. Using common exploratory factor analysis (EFA), we obtained evidence for a 1-factor solution (41.84% common variance). To confirm unidimensionality of the 15-item MAAS, we conducted a 1-factor confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Results of the EFA and CFA, respectively, provided support for a unidimensional model. Using differential item functioning analysis methods within item response theory modeling (IRT-based DIF), we found that individuals with high and low levels of nonattachment responded similarly to the MAAS items. Following a detailed item analysis, we proposed a 5-item short version of the instrument and present descriptive statistics and composite score reliability for the short and full versions of the MAAS. Finally, correlation analyses showed that scores on the full and short versions of the MAAS were associated with measures assessing related constructs. The 5-item MAAS is as useful as the original MAAS in enhancing our understanding of the mindfulness construct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Augustine Osman
- a Department of Psychology , The University of Texas at San Antonio
| | - Dorian A Lamis
- b Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences , Emory University School of Medicine
| | - Courtney L Bagge
- c Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior , University of Mississippi Medical Center
| | | | - Sean M Barnes
- e Veterans Integrated Service Network 19 , Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center , Denver , Colorado
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Psychological flexibility as a dimension of resilience for posttraumatic stress, depression, and risk for suicidal ideation among Air Force personnel. JOURNAL OF CONTEXTUAL BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2015.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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18
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Bryan CJ, Griffith JE, Pace BT, Hinkson K, Bryan AO, Clemans TA, Imel ZE. Combat Exposure and Risk for Suicidal Thoughts and Behaviors Among Military Personnel and Veterans: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Suicide Life Threat Behav 2015; 45:633-649. [PMID: 29889337 DOI: 10.1111/sltb.12163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Due to seemingly mixed empirical results, questions persist about the possible role of deployments and combat exposure. We conducted a narrative review and meta-analysis of 22 published studies to integrate findings regarding the relationship of deployment-related predictors (i.e., deployment, deployment to a combat zone, combat experience, and exposure to specific combat events) with suicide-related outcomes (i.e., suicide ideation, attempt, and death). Across all predictors and outcomes, the combined effect was small and positive, r = .08 [0.04, 0.13], and marked by significant heterogeneity, I2 = 99.9%, Q(21)=4880.16, p < .0001, corresponding to a 25% increased risk for suicide-related outcomes among those who have deployed. Studies examining the relationship between exposure to killing and atrocities (k = 5) showed the largest combined effect, r = .12 [0.08, 0.17], and less heterogeneity, I2 = 84.4%, Q(4)=34.96, p < .0001, corresponding to a 43% increased risk for suicide-related outcomes among those exposed to killing or atrocity. Implications for theory, research, and clinical practice are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig J Bryan
- The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT.,National Center for Veterans Studies, Salt Lake City, UT
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Zac E Imel
- The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
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Pennings SM, Law KC, Green BA, Anestis MD. The Impact of Grit on the Relationship Between Hopelessness and Suicidality. Int J Cogn Ther 2015. [DOI: 10.1521/ijct.2015.8.2.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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20
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Feng J, Li S, Chen H. Impacts of stress, self-efficacy, and optimism on suicide ideation among rehabilitation patients with acute pesticide poisoning. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0118011. [PMID: 25679994 PMCID: PMC4332490 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0118011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The high incidence of pesticide ingestion as a means to commit suicide is a critical public health problem. An important predictor of suicidal behavior is suicide ideation, which is related to stress. However, studies on how to defend against stress-induced suicidal thoughts are limited. OBJECTIVE This study explores the impact of stress on suicidal ideation by investigating the mediating effect of self-efficacy and dispositional optimism. METHODS Direct and indirect (via self-efficacy and dispositional optimism) effects of stress on suicidal ideation were investigated among 296 patients with acute pesticide poisoning from four general hospitals. For this purpose, structural equation modeling (SEM) and bootstrap method were used. RESULTS Results obtained using SEM and bootstrap method show that stress has a direct effect on suicide ideation. Furthermore, self-efficacy and dispositional optimism partially weakened the relationship between stress and suicidal ideation. CONCLUSION The final model shows a significant relationship between stress and suicidal ideation through self-efficacy or dispositional optimism. The findings extended prior studies and provide enlightenment on how self-efficacy and optimism prevents stress-induced suicidal thoughts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Feng
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shusheng Li
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Huawen Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Ballard ED, Patel AB, Ward M, Lamis DA. Future disposition and suicidal ideation: mediation by depressive symptom clusters. J Affect Disord 2015; 170:1-6. [PMID: 25217757 PMCID: PMC4252716 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2014.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In line with hopelessness theory, both increased negative expectancies and reduced positive expectancies for the future have been associated with suicidal ideation. This study evaluated two depression symptom clusters as mediators of the relationship between future disposition and suicide: subjective feelings of depression and self-blame. METHODS Data from 140 undergraduate students with moderate to severe depression symptoms are presented who completed the Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation, Beck Depression Inventory, and the Future Disposition Inventory. RESULTS On mediation analysis, subjective depression mediated the relationship between positive disposition and suicidal ideation. In contrast, the relationship between negative disposition and suicidal ideation was mediated by self-blame. The reverse of these relationships was not significant. LIMITATIONS This is a cross-sectional study of an undergraduate sample and results warrant replication in clinical samples with clinician-administered assessments. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest two potential pathways to suicidal thoughts with implications for assessment and treatment. Depressed individuals with few positive expectations of the future may benefit from interventions focusing on subjective depression symptoms, such as sadness or anhedonia. For depressed individuals with negative expectations for the future, a clinical focus on negative attributions or self-blame may be warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth D. Ballard
- Experimental Therapeutics & Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health
| | - Amee B. Patel
- G.V. (Sonny) Montgomery VA Medical Center, South Central Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Centers (MIRECC)
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