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Chow DJX, Tan TCY, Upadhya A, Lim M, Dholakia K, Dunning KR. Viewing early life without labels: optical approaches for imaging the early embryo†. Biol Reprod 2024; 110:1157-1174. [PMID: 38647415 PMCID: PMC11180623 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioae062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Embryo quality is an important determinant of successful implantation and a resultant live birth. Current clinical approaches for evaluating embryo quality rely on subjective morphology assessments or an invasive biopsy for genetic testing. However, both approaches can be inherently inaccurate and crucially, fail to improve the live birth rate following the transfer of in vitro produced embryos. Optical imaging offers a potential non-invasive and accurate avenue for assessing embryo viability. Recent advances in various label-free optical imaging approaches have garnered increased interest in the field of reproductive biology due to their ability to rapidly capture images at high resolution, delivering both morphological and molecular information. This burgeoning field holds immense potential for further development, with profound implications for clinical translation. Here, our review aims to: (1) describe the principles of various imaging systems, distinguishing between approaches that capture morphological and molecular information, (2) highlight the recent application of these technologies in the field of reproductive biology, and (3) assess their respective merits and limitations concerning the capacity to evaluate embryo quality. Additionally, the review summarizes challenges in the translation of optical imaging systems into routine clinical practice, providing recommendations for their future development. Finally, we identify suitable imaging approaches for interrogating the mechanisms underpinning successful embryo development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren J X Chow
- Robinson Research Institute, School of Biomedicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- Centre of Light for Life, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Tiffany C Y Tan
- Robinson Research Institute, School of Biomedicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Avinash Upadhya
- Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- Centre of Light for Life, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Megan Lim
- Robinson Research Institute, School of Biomedicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- Centre of Light for Life, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Kishan Dholakia
- Centre of Light for Life, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- Scottish Universities Physics Alliance, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, United Kingdom
| | - Kylie R Dunning
- Robinson Research Institute, School of Biomedicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- Centre of Light for Life, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
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Pusey MA, Pace K, Fascelli M, Linser PJ, Steindler DA, Galileo DS. Ectopic expression of L1CAM ectodomain alters differentiation and motility, but not proliferation, of human neural progenitor cells. Int J Dev Neurosci 2019; 78:49-64. [PMID: 31421150 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2019.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult human neural progenitor and stem cells have been implicated as a potential source of brain cancer causing cells, but specific events that might cause cells to progress towards a transformed phenotype remain unclear. The L1CAM (L1) cell adhesion/recognition molecule is expressed abnormally by human glioma cancer cells and is released as a large extracellular ectodomain fragment, which stimulates cell motility and proliferation. This study investigates the effects of ectopic overexpression of the L1 long ectodomain (L1LE; ˜180 kDa) on the motility, proliferation, and differentiation of human neural progenitor cells (HNPs). L1LE was ectopically expressed in HNPs using a lentiviral vector. Surprisingly, overexpression of L1LE resulted in reduced HNP motility in vitro, in stark contrast to the effects on glioma and other cancer cell types. L1LE overexpression resulted in a variable degree of maintenance of HNP proliferation in media without added growth factors but did not increase proliferation. In monolayer culture, HNPs expressed a variety of differentiation markers. L1LE overexpression resulted in loss of glutamine synthetase (GS) and β3-tubulin expression in normal HNP media, and reduced vimentin and increased GS expression in the absence of added growth factors. When co-cultured with chick embryonic brain cell aggregates, HNPs show increased differentiation potential. Some HNPs expressed p-neurofilaments and oligodendrocytic O4, indicating differentiation beyond that in monolayer culture. Most HNP-L1LE cells lost their vimentin and GFAP (glial fibrillary acidic protein) staining, and many cells were positive for astrocytic GS. However, these cells rarely were positive for neuronal markers β3-tubulin or p-neurofilaments, and few HNP oligodendrocyte progenitors were found. These results suggest that unlike for glioma cells, L1LE does not increase HNP cell motility, but rather decreases motility and influences the differentiation of normal brain progenitor cells. Therefore, the effect of L1LE on increasing motility and proliferation appears to be limited to already transformed cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle A Pusey
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Karma Pace
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Michele Fascelli
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Paul J Linser
- Whitney Laboratory, University of Florida, St. Augustine, FL, USA
| | | | - Deni S Galileo
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
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Exosomal L1CAM Stimulates Glioblastoma Cell Motility, Proliferation, and Invasiveness. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20163982. [PMID: 31426278 PMCID: PMC6720723 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20163982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Revised: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunoglobulin superfamily protein L1CAM (L1, CD171) normally facilitates neuronal migration, differentiation, and axon guidance during development. Many types of cancers, including glioblastoma (GBM), also abnormally express L1, and this has been associated with poor prognosis due to increased cell proliferation, invasiveness, or metastasis. We showed previously that the soluble L1 ectodomain, which is proteolyzed from the transmembrane form, can stimulate proliferation and motility of GBM cells in vitro by acting through integrins and fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs). Minute L1-decorated exosomal vesicles also are released by GBM cells and potentially could stimulate cell motility, proliferation, and invasiveness, but this needed to be demonstrated. In the present study, we aimed to determine if minute L1-decorated extracellular vesicles (exosomes) were capable of stimulating GBM cell motility, proliferation, and invasiveness. L1-decorated exosomes were isolated from the conditioned media of the human T98G GBM cell line and were evaluated for their effects on the behavior of glioma cell lines and primary tumor cells. L1-decorated exosomes significantly increased cell velocity in the three human glioma cells tested (T98G/shL1, U-118 MG, and primary GBM cells) in a highly quantitative SuperScratch assay compared to L1-reduced exosomes from L1-attenuated T98G/shL1 cells. They also caused a marked increase in cell proliferation as determined by DNA cell cycle analysis and cell counting. In addition, L1-decorated exosomes facilitated initial GBM cell invasion when mixed with non-invasive T98G/shL1 cells in our chick embryo brain tumor model, whereas mixing with L1-reduced exosomes did not. Chemical inhibitors against focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) decreased L1-mediated motility and proliferation to varying degrees. These novel data show that L1-decoratred exosomes stimulate motility, proliferation and invasion to influence GBM cell behavior, which adds to the complexity of how L1 stimulates cancer cells through not only soluble ectodomain but also through exosomes.
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Caccavale J, Fiumara D, Stapf M, Sweitzer L, Anderson HJ, Gorky J, Dhurjati P, Galileo DS. A simple and accurate rule-based modeling framework for simulation of autocrine/paracrine stimulation of glioblastoma cell motility and proliferation by L1CAM in 2-D culture. BMC SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 2017; 11:124. [PMID: 29228953 PMCID: PMC5725844 DOI: 10.1186/s12918-017-0516-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a devastating brain cancer for which there is no known cure. Its malignancy is due to rapid cell division along with high motility and invasiveness of cells into the brain tissue. Simple 2-dimensional laboratory assays (e.g., a scratch assay) commonly are used to measure the effects of various experimental perturbations, such as treatment with chemical inhibitors. Several mathematical models have been developed to aid the understanding of the motile behavior and proliferation of GBM cells. However, many are mathematically complicated, look at multiple interdependent phenomena, and/or use modeling software not freely available to the research community. These attributes make the adoption of models and simulations of even simple 2-dimensional cell behavior an uncommon practice by cancer cell biologists. Results Herein, we developed an accurate, yet simple, rule-based modeling framework to describe the in vitro behavior of GBM cells that are stimulated by the L1CAM protein using freely available NetLogo software. In our model L1CAM is released by cells to act through two cell surface receptors and a point of signaling convergence to increase cell motility and proliferation. A simple graphical interface is provided so that changes can be made easily to several parameters controlling cell behavior, and behavior of the cells is viewed both pictorially and with dedicated graphs. We fully describe the hierarchical rule-based modeling framework, show simulation results under several settings, describe the accuracy compared to experimental data, and discuss the potential usefulness for predicting future experimental outcomes and for use as a teaching tool for cell biology students. Conclusions It is concluded that this simple modeling framework and its simulations accurately reflect much of the GBM cell motility behavior observed experimentally in vitro in the laboratory. Our framework can be modified easily to suit the needs of investigators interested in other similar intrinsic or extrinsic stimuli that influence cancer or other cell behavior. This modeling framework of a commonly used experimental motility assay (scratch assay) should be useful to both researchers of cell motility and students in a cell biology teaching laboratory. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12918-017-0516-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Caccavale
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - David Fiumara
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Michael Stapf
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Liedeke Sweitzer
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Hannah J Anderson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Jonathan Gorky
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Prasad Dhurjati
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA.,Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Deni S Galileo
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA. .,Helen F. Graham Cancer Center and Research Institute, Christiana Care Health System, Newark, DE, USA.
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Yao Y, Liu Y, Takashima A. Intravital Imaging of Neutrophil Priming Using IL-1β Promoter-driven DsRed Reporter Mice. J Vis Exp 2016. [PMID: 27403648 DOI: 10.3791/54070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are the most abundant leukocytes in human blood circulation and are quickly recruited to inflammatory sites. Priming is a critical event that enhances the phagocytic functionality of neutrophils. Although extensive studies have unveiled the existence and importance of neutrophil priming during infection and injury, means of visualizing this process in vivo have been unavailable. The protocol provided enables monitoring of the dynamic process of neutrophil priming in living animals by combining three methodologies: 1) DsRed reporter signal - used as a measure of priming 2) in vivo neutrophil labeling - achieved by injection of fluorescence-conjugated anti-lymphocyte antigen 6G (Ly6G) monoclonal antibody (mAb) and 3) intravital confocal imaging. Several critical steps are involved in this protocol: oxazolone-induced mouse ear skin inflammation, appropriate sedation of animals, repeated injections of anti-Ly6G mAb, and prevention of focus drift during imaging. Although a few limitations have been observed, such as the limit of continuous imaging time (~ 8 hr) in one mouse and the leakage of fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran from blood vessels in the inflammatory state, this protocol provides a fundamental framework for intravital imaging of primed neutrophil behavior and function, which can easily be expanded to examination of other immune cells in mouse inflammation models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yao
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences; Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine;
| | - Yun Liu
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences; Department of Pathophysiology, Southern Medical University (China)
| | - Akira Takashima
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences
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Anderson HJ, Galileo DS. Small-molecule inhibitors of FGFR, integrins and FAK selectively decrease L1CAM-stimulated glioblastoma cell motility and proliferation. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2016; 39:229-42. [PMID: 26883759 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-016-0267-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The cell adhesion/recognition protein L1CAM (L1; CD171) has previously been shown to act through integrin, focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) signaling pathways to increase the motility and proliferation of glioblastoma cells in an autocrine/paracrine manner. Here, we investigated the effects of clinically relevant small-molecule inhibitors of the integrin, FAK and FGFR signaling pathways on glioblastoma-derived cells to determine their effectiveness and selectivity for diminishing L1-mediated stimulation. METHODS The effects of the FGFR inhibitor PD173074, the FAK inhibitors PF431396 and Y15 and the αvβ3/αvβ5 integrin inhibitor cilengitide were assessed in L1-positive and L1-negative variants of the human glioblastoma-derived cell lines T98G and U-118 MG. Their motility and proliferation were quantified using time-lapse microscopy and DNA content/cell cycle analyses, respectively. RESULTS The application of all four inhibitors resulted in reductions in L1-mediated motility and proliferation rates of L1-positive glioblastoma-derived cells, down to the level of L1-negative cells when used at nanomolar concentrations, whereas no or much smaller reductions in these rates were obtained in L1-negative cells. In addition, we found that single inhibitor treatment resulted in maximum effects (i.e., combinations of FAK or integrin inhibitors with the FGFR inhibitor were rarely more effective). These results suggest that FAK may act as a point of convergence between the integrin and FGFR signaling pathways stimulated by L1 in these cells. CONCLUSIONS We here show for the first time that small-molecule inhibitors of FGFR, integrins and FAK effectively and selectively abolish L1-stimulated migration and proliferation of glioblastoma-derived cells. Our results suggest that these inhibitors have the potential to reduce the aggressiveness of high-grade gliomas expressing L1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah J Anderson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Deni S Galileo
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA. .,Helen F. Graham Cancer Center and Research Institute, Christiana Care Health System, Newark, DE, 19713, USA.
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Pusnik M, Imeri M, Deppierraz G, Bruinink A, Zinn M. The agar diffusion scratch assay--A novel method to assess the bioactive and cytotoxic potential of new materials and compounds. Sci Rep 2016; 6:20854. [PMID: 26861591 PMCID: PMC4748257 DOI: 10.1038/srep20854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A profound in vitro evaluation not only of the cytotoxic but also of bioactive potential of a given compound or material is crucial for predicting potential effects in the in vivo situation. However, most of the current methods have weaknesses in either the quantitative or qualitative assessment of cytotoxicity and/or bioactivity of the test compound. Here we describe a novel assay combining the ISO 10993-5 agar diffusion test and the scratch also termed wound healing assay. In contrast to these original tests this assay is able to detect and distinguish between cytotoxic, cell migration modifying and cytotoxic plus cell migration modifying compounds, and this at higher sensitivity and in a quantitative way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mascha Pusnik
- Institute of Life Technologies, HES-SO Valais-Wallis, CH-1950 Sion, Switzerland
| | - Minire Imeri
- Institute of Life Technologies, HES-SO Valais-Wallis, CH-1950 Sion, Switzerland
| | - Grégoire Deppierraz
- Institute of Life Technologies, HES-SO Valais-Wallis, CH-1950 Sion, Switzerland
| | - Arie Bruinink
- Laboratory for Biointerfaces, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology - Empa, CH-9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Manfred Zinn
- Institute of Life Technologies, HES-SO Valais-Wallis, CH-1950 Sion, Switzerland
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Zha R, Guo W, Zhang Z, Qiu Z, Wang Q, Ding J, Huang S, Chen T, Gu J, Yao M, He X. Genome-wide screening identified that miR-134 acts as a metastasis suppressor by targeting integrin β1 in hepatocellular carcinoma. PLoS One 2014; 9:e87665. [PMID: 24498348 PMCID: PMC3912066 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0087665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2013] [Accepted: 12/28/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, single-stranded, non-coding RNAs that play pivotal roles in human cancer development and progression, such as tumor metastasis. Here, we identified the miRNAs that regulate hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell migration by a high-throughput screening method using the classical wound-healing assay with time-lapse video microscopy and validation with a transwell migration assay. Eleven miRNAs (miR-134, -146b-3p, -188-3p, -525-3p, -661, -767-5p, -891a, -891b, -1244, -1247 and miR-1471) were found to promote or inhibit HCC cell migration. Further investigation revealed that miR-134 suppressed the invasion and metastasis of HCC cells in vitro and in vivo, and integrin beta 1 (ITGB1) was a direct and functional target gene of miR-134. Moreover, miR-134 inhibited the phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and the activation of RhoA downstream of the ITGB1 pathway, thereby decreasing stress fiber formation and cell adhesion in HCC cells. In conclusion, we demonstrated that miR-134 is a novel metastasis suppressor in HCC and could be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruopeng Zha
- Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China ; State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weijie Guo
- Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China ; State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenfeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaoping Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qifeng Wang
- Shanghai Cancer Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shenglin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Taoyang Chen
- Qi Dong Liver Cancer Institute, Qi Dong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianren Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xianghuo He
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Zhao X, Wang S, Zhang W, Qiu J, Wu Y, Liu H, Xu C, Hao X. Highly biocompatible POSS-coated CdTe quantum dots for cell labeling. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra45873c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
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Bertanha M, Moroz A, Almeida R, Alves FC, Acorci Valério MJ, Moura R, Domingues MAC, Sobreira ML, Deffune E. Tissue-engineered blood vessel substitute by reconstruction of endothelium using mesenchymal stem cells induced by platelet growth factors. J Vasc Surg 2013; 59:1677-85. [PMID: 23830317 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2013.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2013] [Revised: 05/02/2013] [Accepted: 05/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular diseases remain leaders as the major causes of mortality in Western society. Restoration of the circulation through construction of bypass surgical treatment is regarded as the gold standard treatment of peripheral vascular diseases, and grafts are necessary for this purpose. The great saphenous vein is often not available and synthetic grafts have their limitations. Therefore, new techniques to produce alternative grafts have been developed and, in this sense, tissue engineering is a promising alternative to provide biocompatible grafts. This study objective was to reconstruct the endothelium layer of decellularized vein scaffolds, using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and growth factors obtained from platelets. METHODS Fifteen nonpregnant female adult rabbits were used for all experiments. Adipose tissue and vena cava were obtained and subjected to MSCs isolation and tissue decellularization, respectively. MSCs were subjected to differentiation using endothelial inductor growth factor (EIGF) obtained from human platelet lysates. Immunofluorescence, histological and immunohistochemical analyses were employed for the final characterization of the obtained blood vessel substitute. RESULTS The scaffolds were successfully decellularized with sodium dodecyl sulfate. MSCs actively adhered at the scaffolds, and through stimulation with EIGF were differentiated into functional endothelial cells, secreting significantly higher quantities of von Willebrand factor (0.85 μg/mL; P < .05) than cells cultivated under the same conditions, without EIGF (0.085 μg/mL). Cells with evident morphologic characteristics of endothelium were seen at the lumen of the scaffolds. These cells also stained positive for fascin protein, which is highly expressed by differentiated endothelial cells. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, the use of decellularized bioscaffold and subcutaneous MSCs seems to be a potential approach to obtain bioengineered blood vessels, in the presence of EIGF supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus Bertanha
- Department of Surgery and Orthopedics, Vascular Laboratory, Botucatu Medical School, UNESP-Paulista State University, Botucatu, Brazil; Cell Engineering Laboratory, Blood Transfusion Center, Botucatu Medical School, UNESP-Paulista State University, Botucatu, Brazil.
| | - Andrei Moroz
- Cell Engineering Laboratory, Blood Transfusion Center, Botucatu Medical School, UNESP-Paulista State University, Botucatu, Brazil; Department of Morphology, Extracellular Matrix Laboratory, Botucatu Biosciences Institute, UNESP-Paulista State University, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Almeida
- Cell Engineering Laboratory, Blood Transfusion Center, Botucatu Medical School, UNESP-Paulista State University, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Flavia Cilene Alves
- Cell Engineering Laboratory, Blood Transfusion Center, Botucatu Medical School, UNESP-Paulista State University, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Michele Janegitz Acorci Valério
- Cell Engineering Laboratory, Blood Transfusion Center, Botucatu Medical School, UNESP-Paulista State University, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Regina Moura
- Department of Surgery and Orthopedics, Vascular Laboratory, Botucatu Medical School, UNESP-Paulista State University, Botucatu, Brazil
| | | | - Marcone Lima Sobreira
- Department of Surgery and Orthopedics, Vascular Laboratory, Botucatu Medical School, UNESP-Paulista State University, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Elenice Deffune
- Cell Engineering Laboratory, Blood Transfusion Center, Botucatu Medical School, UNESP-Paulista State University, Botucatu, Brazil; Department of Urology, Botucatu Medical School, UNESP-Paulista State University, Botucatu, Brazil
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Li K, Qin W, Ding D, Tomczak N, Geng J, Liu R, Liu J, Zhang X, Liu H, Liu B, Tang BZ. Photostable fluorescent organic dots with aggregation-induced emission (AIE dots) for noninvasive long-term cell tracing. Sci Rep 2013; 3:1150. [PMID: 23359649 PMCID: PMC3556677 DOI: 10.1038/srep01150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2012] [Accepted: 12/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-term noninvasive cell tracing by fluorescent probes is of great importance to life science and biomedical engineering. For example, understanding genesis, development, invasion and metastasis of cancerous cells and monitoring tissue regeneration after stem cell transplantation require continual tracing of the biological processes by cytocompatible fluorescent probes over a long period of time. In this work, we successfully developed organic far-red/near-infrared dots with aggregation-induced emission (AIE dots) and demonstrated their utilities as long-term cell trackers. The high emission efficiency, large absorptivity, excellent biocompatibility, and strong photobleaching resistance of the AIE dots functionalized by cell penetrating peptides derived from transactivator of transcription proteins ensured outstanding long-term noninvasive in vitro and in vivo cell tracing. The organic AIE dots outperform their counterparts of inorganic quantum dots, opening a new avenue in the development of fluorescent probes for following biological processes such as carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Li
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, 3, Research Link, Singapore 117602
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117576
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Wei Qin
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, and Institute of Molecular Functional Materials, The Hong Kong University of Science & Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Dan Ding
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117576
| | - Nikodem Tomczak
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, 3, Research Link, Singapore 117602
| | - Junlong Geng
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117576
| | - Rongrong Liu
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, 3, Research Link, Singapore 117602
| | - Jianzhao Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, and Institute of Molecular Functional Materials, The Hong Kong University of Science & Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xinhai Zhang
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, 3, Research Link, Singapore 117602
| | - Hongwei Liu
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, 3, Research Link, Singapore 117602
| | - Bin Liu
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, 3, Research Link, Singapore 117602
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117576
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, 3, Research Link, Singapore 117602
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, and Institute of Molecular Functional Materials, The Hong Kong University of Science & Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- SCUT-HKUST Joint Research Laboratory, Guangdong Innovative Research Team, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China, 510640
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Mohanan V, Temburni MK, Kappes JC, Galileo DS. L1CAM stimulates glioma cell motility and proliferation through the fibroblast growth factor receptor. Clin Exp Metastasis 2012; 30:507-20. [DOI: 10.1007/s10585-012-9555-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2012] [Accepted: 11/17/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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13
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Perfetto B, Stellavato A, Melito A, De Gregorio V, Cammarota M, Giuliano M. A time-lapse approach to examine chromium and nickel effects on wound healing in vitro. J Immunotoxicol 2012; 9:392-400. [PMID: 22632163 DOI: 10.3109/1547691x.2012.682662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromium and nickel cause allergic contact dermatitis, a common biological skin response to sensitizing agents. This study used a conventional in vitro wounding model to study the impact of sensitizing agents on the innate immune response of human keratinocytes. Experiments were designed to evaluate the involvement of specific Toll-like receptors and metalloproteinases as effectors molecules downstream, at a molecular level. Further, keratinocytes were co-cultured with monocytes (THP-1 cells) to reproduce an inductive stimulus on monocytes made by metals. Human keratinocytes (HaCat) were grown on plates covered with collagen type I, chemically treated, and then mechanically injured with a sterile pipette tip. Restoration of the monolayer integrity was monitored by time-lapse video microscopy. Effector gene expression was evaluated by real-time PCR. The presence of chromium significantly dropped the rate of wound closure, while nickel-induced hyper-proliferation ended in an acceleration of the healing process, an event that does not occur in vivo. This latter outcome led to considering nickel as an unsuitable example for use in the experimental model. Focusing solely on the chromium aspect of this study, RNA profiles of selected molecular markers were generated to ascertain if the detrimental stimulus from chromium was eliminated or persisted both in keratinocytes alone and/or during co-cultures of keratinocytes and monocytes. Monocytes accelerated the process of wound repair. This in vitro experimental model highlighted the involvement of innate immunity in response to chromium and might be useful for test molecules of therapeutic interest for the treatment of skin lesions. However, the experience with nickel reveals that there are limitations to the utility of this wound model system after all.
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De Matteis G, Graudenzi A, Antoniotti M. A review of spatial computational models for multi-cellular systems, with regard to intestinal crypts and colorectal cancer development. J Math Biol 2012. [PMID: 22565629 DOI: 10.1007/s00285‐012‐0539‐4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Colon rectal cancers (CRC) are the result of sequences of mutations which lead the intestinal tissue to develop in a carcinoma following a "progression" of observable phenotypes. The actual modeling and simulation of the key biological structures involved in this process is of interest to biologists and physicians and, at the same time, it poses significant challenges from the mathematics and computer science viewpoints. In this report we give an overview of some mathematical models for cell sorting (a basic phenomenon that underlies several dynamical processes in an organism), intestinal crypt dynamics and related problems and open questions. In particular, major attention is devoted to the survey of so-called in-lattice (or grid) models and off-lattice (off-grid) models. The current work is the groundwork for future research on semi-automated hypotheses formation and testing about the behavior of the various actors taking part in the adenoma-carcinoma progression, from regulatory processes to cell-cell signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni De Matteis
- Department of Mathematics "F. Enriques", University of Milan, Via Saldini 50, 20133 Milan, Italy
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A review of spatial computational models for multi-cellular systems, with regard to intestinal crypts and colorectal cancer development. J Math Biol 2012; 66:1409-62. [PMID: 22565629 DOI: 10.1007/s00285-012-0539-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2011] [Revised: 04/11/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Colon rectal cancers (CRC) are the result of sequences of mutations which lead the intestinal tissue to develop in a carcinoma following a "progression" of observable phenotypes. The actual modeling and simulation of the key biological structures involved in this process is of interest to biologists and physicians and, at the same time, it poses significant challenges from the mathematics and computer science viewpoints. In this report we give an overview of some mathematical models for cell sorting (a basic phenomenon that underlies several dynamical processes in an organism), intestinal crypt dynamics and related problems and open questions. In particular, major attention is devoted to the survey of so-called in-lattice (or grid) models and off-lattice (off-grid) models. The current work is the groundwork for future research on semi-automated hypotheses formation and testing about the behavior of the various actors taking part in the adenoma-carcinoma progression, from regulatory processes to cell-cell signaling pathways.
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Waters KM, Jacobs JM, Gritsenko MA, Karin NJ. Regulation of gene expression and subcellular protein distribution in MLO-Y4 osteocytic cells by lysophosphatidic acid: Relevance to dendrite outgrowth. Bone 2011; 48:1328-35. [PMID: 21356339 PMCID: PMC3095666 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2011.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2010] [Revised: 02/18/2011] [Accepted: 02/23/2011] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Osteoblastic and osteocytic cells are highly responsive to the lipid growth factor lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) but the mechanisms by which LPA alters bone cell functions are largely unknown. A major effect of LPA on osteocytic cells is the stimulation of dendrite membrane outgrowth, a process that we predicted to require changes in gene expression and protein distribution. We employed DNA microarrays for global transcriptional profiling of MLO-Y4 osteocytic cells grown for 6 and 24h in the presence or absence of LPA. We identified 932 transcripts that displayed statistically significant changes in abundance of at least 1.25-fold in response to LPA treatment. Gene ontology (GO) analysis revealed that the regulated gene products were linked to diverse cellular processes, including DNA repair, response to unfolded protein, ossification, protein-RNA complex assembly, and amine biosynthesis. Gene products associated with the regulation of actin microfilament dynamics displayed the most robust expression changes, and LPA-induced dendritogenesis in vitro was blocked by the stress fiber inhibitor cytochalasin D. Mass spectrometry-based proteomic analysis of MLO-Y4 cells revealed significant LPA-induced changes in the abundance of 284 proteins at 6h and 844 proteins at 24h. GO analysis of the proteomic data linked the effects of LPA to cell processes that control of protein distribution and membrane outgrowth, including protein localization, protein complex assembly, Golgi vesicle transport, cytoskeleton-dependent transport, and membrane invagination/endocytosis. Dendrites were isolated from LPA-treated MLO-Y4 cells and subjected to proteomic analysis to quantitatively assess the subcellular distribution of proteins. Sets of 129 and 36 proteins were enriched in the dendrite fraction as compared to whole cells after 6h and 24h of LPA exposure, respectively. Protein markers indicated that membranous organelles were largely excluded from the dendrites. Highly represented among the proteins with elevated abundances in dendrites were molecules that regulate cytoskeletal function, cell motility and membrane adhesion. Our combined transcriptomic/proteomic analysis of the response of MLO-Y4 osteocytic cells to LPA indicates that dendritogenesis is a membrane- and cytoskeleton-driven process with actin dynamics playing a particularly critical role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina M. Waters
- Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland WA 99352, USA
| | - Jon M. Jacobs
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | - Marina A. Gritsenko
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | - Norman J. Karin
- Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland WA 99352, USA
- Corresponding author: Norman J. Karin, Ph.D., Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, J4-02, Richland, WA 99352, Tel: (509) 371-7303, Fax: (509) 371-7304,
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Egenolf DD, Rafferty P, Brosnan K, Walker M, Jordan J, Makropoulos D, Kavalkovich K, Watson S, Johns L, Volk A, Bugelski PJ. Development of a murine model of lymph node metastases suitable for immunotoxicity studies. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2011; 63:236-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2010.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2010] [Accepted: 12/01/2010] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Yang M, Li Y, Chilukuri K, Brady OA, Boulos MI, Kappes JC, Galileo DS. L1 stimulation of human glioma cell motility correlates with FAK activation. J Neurooncol 2011; 105:27-44. [PMID: 21373966 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-011-0557-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2010] [Accepted: 02/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The neural adhesion/recognition protein L1 (L1CAM; CD171) has been shown or implicated to function in stimulation of cell motility in several cancer types, including high-grade gliomas. Our previous work demonstrated the expression and function of L1 protein in stimulation of cell motility in rat glioma cells. However, the mechanism of this stimulation is still unclear. This study further investigated the function of L1 and L1 proteolysis in human glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) cell migration and invasion, as well as the mechanism of this stimulation. L1 mRNA was found to be present in human T98G GBM cell line but not in U-118 MG grade III human glioma cell line. L1 protein expression, proteolysis, and release were found in T98G cells and human surgical GBM cells by Western blotting. Exosome-like vesicles released by T98G cells were purified and contained full-length L1. In a scratch assay, T98G cells that migrated into the denuded scratch area exhibited upregulation of ADAM10 protease expression coincident with loss of surface L1. GBM surgical specimen cells exhibited a similar loss of cell surface L1 when xenografted into the chick embryo brain. When lentivirally introduced shRNA was used to attenuate L1 expression, such T98G/shL1 cells exhibited significantly decreased cell motility by time lapse microscopy in our quantitative Super Scratch assay. These cells also showed a decrease in FAK activity and exhibited increased focal complexes. L1 binding integrins which activate FAK were found in T98G and U-118 MG cells. Addition of L1 ectodomain-containing media (1) rescued the decreased cell motility of T98G/shL1 cells and (2) increased cell motility of U-118 MG cells but (3) did not further increase T98G cell motility. Injection of L1-attenuated T98G/shL1 cells into embryonic chick brains resulted in the absence of detectable invasion compared to control cells which invaded brain tissue. These studies support a mechanism where glioma cells at the edge of a cell mass upregulate ADAM10 to proteolyze surface L1 and the resultant ectodomain increases human glioma cell migration and invasion by binding to integrin receptors, activating FAK, and increasing turnover of focal complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhua Yang
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Wolf Hall, Newark, DE 19716, USA.
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Abstract
Cytometric techniques are continually being improved, refined, and adapted to new applications. This chapter briefly outlines recent advances in the field of cytometry with the main focus on new instrumentations in flow and image cytometry as well as new probes suitable for multiparametric analyses. There is a remarkable trend for miniaturizing cytometers, developing label-free and fluorescence-free analytical approaches, and designing "intelligent" probes. Furthermore, new methods for analyzing complex data for extracting relevant information are reviewed.
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Li Y, Galileo DS. Soluble L1CAM promotes breast cancer cell adhesion and migration in vitro, but not invasion. Cancer Cell Int 2010; 10:34. [PMID: 20840789 PMCID: PMC2949617 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2867-10-34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2010] [Accepted: 09/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neural recognition molecule L1CAM, which is a key protein involved in early nervous system development, is known to be abnormally expressed and shed in several types of cancers where it participates in metastasis and progression. The distinction of L1CAM presence in cancerous vs. normal tissues has suggested it to be a new target for cancer treatment. Our current study focused on the potential role of soluble L1CAM in breast cancer cell adhesion to extracellular matrix proteins, migration, and invasion. Results We found L1 expression levels were correlated with breast cancer stage of progression in established data sets of clinical samples, and also were high in more metastatic breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-435, but low in less migratory MDA-MB-468 cells. Proteolysis of L1 into its soluble form (sL1) was detected in cell culture medium from all three above cell lines, and can be induced by PMA activation. Over-expression of the L1 ectodomain in MDA-MB-468 cells by using a lentiviral vector greatly increased the amount of sL1 released by those cells. Concomitantly, cell adhesion to extracellular matrix and cell transmigration ability were significantly promoted, while cell invasion ability through Matrigel™ remained unaffected. On the other hand, attenuating L1 expression in MDA-MB-231 cells by using a shRNA lentiviral vector resulted in reduced cell-matrix adhesion and transmigration. Similar effects were also shown by monoclonal antibody blocking of the L1 extracellular region. Moreover, sL1 in conditioned cell culture medium induced a directional migration of MDA-MB-468 cells, which could be neutralized by antibody treatment. Conclusions Our data provides new evidence for the function of L1CAM and its soluble form in promoting cancer cell adhesion to ECM and cell migration. Thus, L1CAM is validated further to be a potential early diagnostic marker in breast cancer progression and a target for breast cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yupei Li
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Wolf Hall, Newark, DE 19716 USA.
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Faretta M. Automation in Multidimensional Fluorescence Microscopy. NANOSCOPY AND MULTIDIMENSIONAL OPTICAL FLUORESCENCE MICROSCOPY 2010:14-1-14-21. [DOI: 10.1201/9781420078893-c14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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Sauers DJ, Temburni MK, Biggins JB, Ceo LM, Galileo DS, Koh JT. Light-activated gene expression directs segregation of co-cultured cells in vitro. ACS Chem Biol 2010; 5:313-20. [PMID: 20050613 DOI: 10.1021/cb9002305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Light-directed gene patterning methods have been described as a means to regulate gene expression in a spatially and temporally controlled manner. Several methods have been reported that use photocaged forms of small molecule effectors to control ligand-dependent transcription factors. Whereas these methods offer many advantages including high specificity and transient light-sensitivity, the free diffusion of the uncaged effector can limit both the magnitude and resolution of localized gene induction. Methods to date have been limited by the small fraction of irradiated cells that have expression levels significantly above uninduced background and have not been shown to affect a defined biological response. The tetracycline-dependent transactivator/transrepressor system, RetroTET-ART, combined with a photocaged form of doxycycline (NvOC-Dox) can be used to form photolithographic patterns of induced expression wherein up to 85% of the patterned cells show expression levels above uninduced regions. The efficiency and inducibility of the RetroTET-ART system allows one to quantitatively measure the limits of resolution and the relative induction levels mediated by a small molecule photocaged effector for the first time. Well-defined patterns of reporter genes were reproducibly formed within 6-36 h with feature sizes as small as 300 microm. After photo-patterning, NvOC-Dox can be rapidly removed, rendering cells photoinsensitive and allowing one to monitor GFP product formation in real time. Patterned co-expression of the cell surface ligand ephrin A5 on cell monolayers creates well-defined patterns that are sufficient to direct and segregate co-cultured cells via either attractive or repulsive signaling cues. The ability to direct the arrangement of cells on living cell monolayers through the action of light may serve as a model system for engineering artificial tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J. Sauers
- Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716
| | - Murali K. Temburni
- Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716
| | - John B. Biggins
- Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716
| | - Luke M. Ceo
- Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716
| | - Deni S. Galileo
- Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716
| | - John T. Koh
- Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716
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Yang M, Adla S, Temburni MK, Patel VP, Lagow EL, Brady OA, Tian J, Boulos MI, Galileo DS. Stimulation of glioma cell motility by expression, proteolysis, and release of the L1 neural cell recognition molecule. Cancer Cell Int 2009; 9:27. [PMID: 19874583 PMCID: PMC2776596 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2867-9-27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2009] [Accepted: 10/29/2009] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Malignant glioma cells are particularly motile and can travel diffusely through the brain parenchyma, apparently without following anatomical structures to guide their migration. The neural adhesion/recognition protein L1 (L1CAM; CD171) has been implicated in contributing to stimulation of motility and metastasis of several non-neural cancer types. We explored the expression and function of L1 protein as a stimulator of glioma cell motility using human high-grade glioma surgical specimens and established rat and human glioma cell lines. Results L1 protein expression was found in 17 out of 18 human high-grade glioma surgical specimens by western blotting. L1 mRNA was found to be present in human U-87/LacZ and rat C6 and 9L glioma cell lines. The glioma cell lines were negative for surface full length L1 by flow cytometry and high resolution immunocytochemistry of live cells. However, fixed and permeablized cells exhibited positive staining as numerous intracellular puncta. Western blots of cell line extracts revealed L1 proteolysis into a large soluble ectodomain (~180 kDa) and a smaller transmembrane proteolytic fragment (~32 kDa). Exosomal vesicles released by the glioma cell lines were purified and contained both full-length L1 and the proteolyzed transmembrane fragment. Glioma cell lines expressed L1-binding αvβ5 integrin cell surface receptors. Quantitative time-lapse analyses showed that motility was reduced significantly in glioma cell lines by 1) infection with an antisense-L1 retroviral vector and 2) L1 ectodomain-binding antibodies. Conclusion Our novel results support a model of autocrine/paracrine stimulation of cell motility in glioma cells by a cleaved L1 ectodomain and/or released exosomal vesicles containing L1. This mechanism could explain the diffuse migratory behavior of high-grade glioma cancer cells within the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhua Yang
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA.
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Shirinifard A, Gens JS, Zaitlen BL, Popławski NJ, Swat M, Glazier JA. 3D multi-cell simulation of tumor growth and angiogenesis. PLoS One 2009; 4:e7190. [PMID: 19834621 PMCID: PMC2760204 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0007190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2009] [Accepted: 08/30/2009] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
We present a 3D multi-cell simulation of a generic simplification of vascular tumor growth which can be easily extended and adapted to describe more specific vascular tumor types and host tissues. Initially, tumor cells proliferate as they take up the oxygen which the pre-existing vasculature supplies. The tumor grows exponentially. When the oxygen level drops below a threshold, the tumor cells become hypoxic and start secreting pro-angiogenic factors. At this stage, the tumor reaches a maximum diameter characteristic of an avascular tumor spheroid. The endothelial cells in the pre-existing vasculature respond to the pro-angiogenic factors both by chemotaxing towards higher concentrations of pro-angiogenic factors and by forming new blood vessels via angiogenesis. The tumor-induced vasculature increases the growth rate of the resulting vascularized solid tumor compared to an avascular tumor, allowing the tumor to grow beyond the spheroid in these linear-growth phases. First, in the linear-spherical phase of growth, the tumor remains spherical while its volume increases. Second, in the linear-cylindrical phase of growth the tumor elongates into a cylinder. Finally, in the linear-sheet phase of growth, tumor growth accelerates as the tumor changes from cylindrical to paddle-shaped. Substantial periods during which the tumor grows slowly or not at all separate the exponential from the linear-spherical and the linear-spherical from the linear-cylindrical growth phases. In contrast to other simulations in which avascular tumors remain spherical, our simulated avascular tumors form cylinders following the blood vessels, leading to a different distribution of hypoxic cells within the tumor. Our simulations cover time periods which are long enough to produce a range of biologically reasonable complex morphologies, allowing us to study how tumor-induced angiogenesis affects the growth rate, size and morphology of simulated tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Shirinifard
- The Biocomplexity Institute and Department of Physics, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, Indiana, United States of America.
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