1
|
Zhou R, Zhang S, Nguyen HT, Ding H, Gaffney A, Kappes JC, Smith AB, Sodroski JG. Conformations of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Envelope Glycoproteins in Detergents and Styrene-Maleic Acid Lipid Particles. J Virol 2023; 97:e0032723. [PMID: 37255444 PMCID: PMC10308955 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00327-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The mature human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) envelope glycoprotein (Env) trimer, which consists of noncovalently associated gp120 exterior and gp41 transmembrane subunits, mediates virus entry into cells. The pretriggered (State-1) Env conformation is the major target for broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs), whereas receptor-induced downstream Env conformations elicit immunodominant, poorly neutralizing antibody (pNAb) responses. To examine the contribution of membrane anchorage to the maintenance of the metastable pretriggered Env conformation, we compared wild-type and State-1-stabilized Envs solubilized in detergents or in styrene-maleic acid (SMA) copolymers. SMA directly incorporates membrane lipids and resident membrane proteins into lipid nanoparticles (styrene-maleic acid lipid particles [SMALPs]). The integrity of the Env trimer in SMALPs was maintained at both 4°C and room temperature. In contrast, Envs solubilized in Cymal-5, a nonionic detergent, were unstable at room temperature, although their stability was improved at 4°C and/or after incubation with the entry inhibitor BMS-806. Envs solubilized in ionic detergents were relatively unstable at either temperature. Comparison of Envs solubilized in Cymal-5 and SMA at 4°C revealed subtle differences in bNAb binding to the gp41 membrane-proximal external region, consistent with these distinct modes of Env solubilization. Otherwise, the antigenicity of the Cymal-5- and SMA-solubilized Envs was remarkably similar, both in the absence and in the presence of BMS-806. However, both solubilized Envs were recognized differently from the mature membrane Env by specific bNAbs and pNAbs. Thus, detergent-based and detergent-free solubilization at 4°C alters the pretriggered membrane Env conformation in consistent ways, suggesting that Env assumes default conformations when its association with the membrane is disrupted. IMPORTANCE The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) envelope glycoproteins (Envs) in the viral membrane mediate virus entry into the host cell and are targeted by neutralizing antibodies elicited by natural infection or vaccines. Detailed studies of membrane proteins rely on purification procedures that allow the proteins to maintain their natural conformation. In this study, we show that a styrene-maleic acid (SMA) copolymer can extract HIV-1 Env from a membrane without the use of detergents. The Env in SMA is more stable at room temperature than Env in detergents. The purified Env in SMA maintains many but not all of the characteristics expected of the natural membrane Env. Our results underscore the importance of the membrane environment to the native conformation of HIV-1 Env. Purification methods that bypass the need for detergents could be useful tools for future studies of HIV-1 Env structure and its interaction with receptors and antibodies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rong Zhou
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Shijian Zhang
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hanh T. Nguyen
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Haitao Ding
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Research Service, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Althea Gaffney
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - John C. Kappes
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Research Service, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Amos B. Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Joseph G. Sodroski
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang K, Zhang S, Go EP, Ding H, Wang WL, Nguyen HT, Kappes JC, Desaire H, Sodroski J, Mao Y. Asymmetric conformations of cleaved HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein trimers in styrene-maleic acid lipid nanoparticles. Commun Biol 2023; 6:535. [PMID: 37202420 PMCID: PMC10195785 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04916-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
During virus entry, the pretriggered human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) envelope glycoprotein (Env) trimer initially transits into a default intermediate state (DIS) that remains structurally uncharacterized. Here, we present cryo-EM structures at near-atomic resolution of two cleaved full-length HIV-1 Env trimers purified from cell membranes in styrene-maleic acid lipid nanoparticles without antibodies or receptors. The cleaved Env trimers exhibited tighter subunit packing than uncleaved trimers. Cleaved and uncleaved Env trimers assumed remarkably consistent yet distinct asymmetric conformations, with one smaller and two larger opening angles. Breaking conformational symmetry is allosterically coupled with dynamic helical transformations of the gp41 N-terminal heptad repeat (HR1N) regions in two protomers and with trimer tilting in the membrane. The broken symmetry of the DIS potentially assists Env binding to two CD4 receptors-while resisting antibody binding-and promotes extension of the gp41 HR1 helical coiled-coil, which relocates the fusion peptide closer to the target cell membrane.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kunyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Joint Center for Life Science, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Shijian Zhang
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eden P Go
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Haitao Ding
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Wei Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Hanh T Nguyen
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John C Kappes
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Research Service, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Heather Desaire
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Joseph Sodroski
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Youdong Mao
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China.
- Peking-Tsinghua Joint Center for Life Science, Peking University, Beijing, China.
- Center for Quantitative Biology, Academy of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China.
- National Biomedical Imaging Center, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Laumaea A, Marchitto L, Ding S, Beaudoin-Bussières G, Prévost J, Gasser R, Chatterjee D, Gendron-Lepage G, Medjahed H, Chen HC, Smith AB, Ding H, Kappes JC, Hahn BH, Kirchhoff F, Richard J, Duerr R, Finzi A. Small CD4 mimetics sensitize HIV-1-infected macrophages to antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. Cell Rep 2023; 42:111983. [PMID: 36640355 PMCID: PMC9941794 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
HIV-1 envelope (Env) conformation determines the susceptibility of infected CD4+ T cells to antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). Upon interaction with CD4, Env adopts more "open" conformations, exposing ADCC epitopes. HIV-1 limits Env-CD4 interaction and protects infected cells against ADCC by downregulating CD4 via Nef, Vpu, and Env. Limited data exist, however, of the role of these proteins in downmodulating CD4 on infected macrophages and how this impacts Env conformation. While Nef, Vpu, and Env are all required to efficiently downregulate CD4 on infected CD4+ T cells, we show here that any one of these proteins is sufficient to downmodulate most CD4 from the surface of infected macrophages. Consistent with this finding, Nef and Vpu have a lesser impact on Env conformation and ADCC sensitivity in infected macrophages compared with CD4+ T cells. However, treatment of infected macrophages with small CD4 mimetics exposes vulnerable CD4-induced Env epitopes and sensitizes them to ADCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annemarie Laumaea
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada.
| | - Lorie Marchitto
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Shilei Ding
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Guillaume Beaudoin-Bussières
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Jérémie Prévost
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Romain Gasser
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Hung-Ching Chen
- Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323, USA
| | - Amos B Smith
- Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323, USA
| | - Haitao Ding
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - John C Kappes
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Research Service, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Beatrice H Hahn
- Departments of Medicine and Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6076, USA
| | - Frank Kirchhoff
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jonathan Richard
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Ralf Duerr
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Andrés Finzi
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Anthony-Gonda K, Ray A, Su H, Wang Y, Xiong Y, Lee D, Block A, Chilunda V, Weiselberg J, Zemelko L, Wang YY, Kleinsorge-Block S, Reese JS, de Lima M, Ochsenbauer C, Kappes JC, Dimitrov DS, Orentas R, Deeks SG, Rutishauser RL, Berman JW, Goldstein H, Dropulić B. In vivo killing of primary HIV-infected cells by peripheral-injected early memory-enriched anti-HIV duoCAR T cells. JCI Insight 2022; 7:e161698. [PMID: 36345941 PMCID: PMC9675454 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.161698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV-specific chimeric antigen receptor-T cell (CAR T cell) therapies are candidates to functionally cure HIV infection in people with HIV (PWH) by eliminating reactivated HIV-infected cells derived from latently infected cells within the HIV reservoir. Paramount to translating such therapeutic candidates successfully into the clinic will require anti-HIV CAR T cells to localize to lymphoid tissues in the body and eliminate reactivated HIV-infected cells such as CD4+ T cells and monocytes/macrophages. Here we show that i.v. injected anti-HIV duoCAR T cells, generated using a clinical-grade anti-HIV duoCAR lentiviral vector, localized to the site of active HIV infection in the spleen of humanized mice and eliminated HIV-infected PBMCs. CyTOF analysis of preinfusion duoCAR T cells revealed an early memory phenotype composed predominantly of CCR7+ stem cell-like/central memory T cells (TSCM/TCM) with expression of some effector-like molecules. In addition, we show that anti-HIV duoCAR T cells effectively sense and kill HIV-infected CD4+ T cells and monocytes/macrophages. Furthermore, we demonstrate efficient genetic modification of T cells from PWH on suppressive ART into anti-HIV duoCAR T cells that subsequently kill autologous PBMCs superinfected with HIV. These studies support the safety and efficacy of anti-HIV duoCAR T cell therapy in our presently open phase I/IIa clinical trial (NCT04648046).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kim Anthony-Gonda
- Caring Cross, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
- Lentigen, a Miltenyi Biotec Company, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Alex Ray
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology and
| | - Hang Su
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology and
| | - Yuge Wang
- Lentigen, a Miltenyi Biotec Company, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Ying Xiong
- Caring Cross, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
- Lentigen, a Miltenyi Biotec Company, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Danica Lee
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology and
| | | | - Vanessa Chilunda
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Jessica Weiselberg
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Lily Zemelko
- Department of Medicine, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Yen Y. Wang
- Department of Medicine, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Sarah Kleinsorge-Block
- Stem Cell Transplant Program and Center for Regenerative Medicine, University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center and Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Jane S. Reese
- Stem Cell Transplant Program and Center for Regenerative Medicine, University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center and Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Marcos de Lima
- Stem Cell Transplant Program and Center for Regenerative Medicine, University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center and Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Christina Ochsenbauer
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - John C. Kappes
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Research Service, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Dimiter S. Dimitrov
- Center for Antibody Therapeutics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Rimas Orentas
- Caring Cross, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, and Ben Towne Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Seattle Children’s Research lnstitute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Steven G. Deeks
- Department of Medicine, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | - Joan W. Berman
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology and
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Harris Goldstein
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology and
- Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Boro Dropulić
- Caring Cross, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
- Lentigen, a Miltenyi Biotec Company, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Prévost J, Richard J, Gasser R, Medjahed H, Kirchhoff F, Hahn BH, Kappes JC, Ochsenbauer C, Duerr R, Finzi A. Detection of the HIV-1 Accessory Proteins Nef and Vpu by Flow Cytometry Represents a New Tool to Study Their Functional Interplay within a Single Infected CD4 + T Cell. J Virol 2022; 96:e0192921. [PMID: 35080425 PMCID: PMC8941894 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01929-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The HIV-1 Nef and Vpu accessory proteins are known to protect infected cells from antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) responses by limiting exposure of CD4-induced (CD4i) envelope (Env) epitopes at the cell surface. Although both proteins target the host receptor CD4 for degradation, the extent of their functional redundancy is unknown. Here, we developed an intracellular staining technique that permits the intracellular detection of both Nef and Vpu in primary CD4+ T cells by flow cytometry. Using this method, we show that the combined expression of Nef and Vpu predicts the susceptibility of HIV-1-infected primary CD4+ T cells to ADCC by HIV+ plasma. We also show that Vpu cannot compensate for the absence of Nef, thus providing an explanation for why some infectious molecular clones that carry a LucR reporter gene upstream of Nef render infected cells more susceptible to ADCC responses. Our method thus represents a new tool to dissect the biological activity of Nef and Vpu in the context of other host and viral proteins within single infected CD4+ T cells. IMPORTANCE HIV-1 Nef and Vpu exert several biological functions that are important for viral immune evasion, release, and replication. Here, we developed a new method allowing simultaneous detection of these accessory proteins in their native form together with some of their cellular substrates. This allowed us to show that Vpu cannot compensate for the lack of a functional Nef, which has implications for studies that use Nef-defective viruses to study ADCC responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jérémie Prévost
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jonathan Richard
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Romain Gasser
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Frank Kirchhoff
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Beatrice H. Hahn
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - John C. Kappes
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Christina Ochsenbauer
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Ralf Duerr
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Andrés Finzi
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhang S, Wang K, Wang WL, Nguyen HT, Chen S, Lu M, Go EP, Ding H, Steinbock RT, Desaire H, Kappes JC, Sodroski J, Mao Y. Asymmetric Structures and Conformational Plasticity of the Uncleaved Full-Length Human Immunodeficiency Virus Envelope Glycoprotein Trimer. J Virol 2021; 95:e0052921. [PMID: 34549974 PMCID: PMC8610584 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00529-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The functional human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) envelope glycoprotein (Env) trimer [(gp120/gp41)3] is produced by cleavage of a conformationally flexible gp160 precursor. gp160 cleavage or the binding of BMS-806, an entry inhibitor, stabilizes the pretriggered, "closed" (state 1) conformation recognized by rarely elicited broadly neutralizing antibodies. Poorly neutralizing antibodies (pNAbs) elicited at high titers during natural infection recognize more "open" Env conformations (states 2 and 3) induced by binding the receptor, CD4. We found that BMS-806 treatment and cross-linking decreased the exposure of pNAb epitopes on cell surface gp160; however, after detergent solubilization, cross-linked and BMS-806-treated gp160 sampled non-state-1 conformations that could be recognized by pNAbs. Cryo-electron microscopy of the purified BMS-806-bound gp160 revealed two hitherto unknown asymmetric trimer conformations, providing insights into the allosteric coupling between trimer opening and structural variation in the gp41 HR1N region. The individual protomer structures in the asymmetric gp160 trimers resemble those of other genetically modified or antibody-bound cleaved HIV-1 Env trimers, which have been suggested to assume state-2-like conformations. Asymmetry of the uncleaved Env potentially exposes surfaces of the trimer to pNAbs. To evaluate the effect of stabilizing a state-1-like conformation of the membrane Env precursor, we treated cells expressing wild-type HIV-1 Env with BMS-806. BMS-806 treatment decreased both gp160 cleavage and the addition of complex glycans, implying that gp160 conformational flexibility contributes to the efficiency of these processes. Selective pressure to maintain flexibility in the precursor of functional Env allows the uncleaved Env to sample asymmetric conformations that potentially skew host antibody responses toward pNAbs. IMPORTANCE The envelope glycoprotein (Env) trimers on the surface of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) mediate the entry of the virus into host cells and serve as targets for neutralizing antibodies. The functional Env trimer is produced by cleavage of the gp160 precursor in the infected cell. We found that the HIV-1 Env precursor is highly plastic, allowing it to assume different asymmetric shapes. This conformational plasticity is potentially important for Env cleavage and proper modification by sugars. Having a flexible, asymmetric Env precursor that can misdirect host antibody responses without compromising virus infectivity would be an advantage for a persistent virus like HIV-1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shijian Zhang
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kunyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructures and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Center for Quantitative Biology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Li Wang
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructures and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Center for Quantitative Biology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Intel Parallel Computing Center for Structural Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hanh T. Nguyen
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Shuobing Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructures and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Center for Quantitative Biology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Maolin Lu
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Eden P. Go
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
| | - Haitao Ding
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Robert T. Steinbock
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Heather Desaire
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
| | - John C. Kappes
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Research Service, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Joseph Sodroski
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Youdong Mao
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructures and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Center for Quantitative Biology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Intel Parallel Computing Center for Structural Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Go EP, Zhang S, Ding H, Kappes JC, Sodroski J, Desaire H. The opportunity cost of automated glycopeptide analysis: case study profiling the SARS-CoV-2 S glycoprotein. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:7215-7227. [PMID: 34448030 PMCID: PMC8390178 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03621-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Glycosylation analysis of viral glycoproteins contributes significantly to vaccine design and development. Among other benefits, glycosylation analysis allows vaccine developers to assess the impact of construct design or producer cell line choices for vaccine production, and it is a key measure by which glycoproteins that are produced for use in vaccination can be compared to their native viral forms. Because many viral glycoproteins are multiply glycosylated, glycopeptide analysis is a preferrable approach for mapping the glycans, yet the analysis of glycopeptide data can be cumbersome and requires the expertise of an experienced analyst. In recent years, a commercial software product, Byonic, has been implemented in several instances to facilitate glycopeptide analysis on viral glycoproteins and other glycoproteomics data sets, and the purpose of the study herein is to determine the strengths and limitations of using this software, particularly in cases relevant to vaccine development. The glycopeptides from a recombinantly expressed trimeric S glycoprotein of the SARS-CoV-2 virus were first analyzed using an expert-based analysis strategy; subsequently, analysis of the same data set was completed using Byonic. Careful assessment of instances where the two methods produced different results revealed that the glycopeptide assignments from Byonic contained more false positives than true positives, even when the data were assessed using a 1% false discovery rate. The work herein provides a roadmap for removing the spurious assignments that Byonic generates, and it provides an assessment of the opportunity cost for relying on automated assignments for glycopeptide data sets from viral glycoproteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eden P Go
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 66049, USA
| | - Shijian Zhang
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Haitao Ding
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - John C Kappes
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.,Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Research Service, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
| | - Joseph Sodroski
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.,Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Heather Desaire
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 66049, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhang S, Go EP, Ding H, Anang S, Kappes JC, Desaire H, Sodroski J. Analysis of glycosylation and disulfide bonding of wild-type SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein. bioRxiv 2021. [PMID: 33821278 PMCID: PMC8020978 DOI: 10.1101/2021.04.01.438120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, the etiologic agent of COVID-19, uses its spike (S) glycoprotein anchored in the viral membrane to enter host cells. The S glycoprotein is the major target for neutralizing antibodies elicited by natural infection and by vaccines. Approximately 35% of the SARS-CoV-2 S glycoprotein consists of carbohydrate, which can influence virus infectivity and susceptibility to antibody inhibition. We found that virus-like particles produced by coexpression of SARS-CoV-2 S, M, E and N proteins contained spike glycoproteins that were extensively modified by complex carbohydrates. We used a fucose-selective lectin to enrich the Golgi-resident fraction of a wild-type SARS-CoV-2 S glycoprotein trimer, and determined its glycosylation and disulfide bond profile. Compared with soluble or solubilized S glycoproteins modified to prevent proteolytic cleavage and to retain a prefusion conformation, more of the wild-type S glycoprotein N-linked glycans are processed to complex forms. Even Asn 234, a significant percentage of which is decorated by high-mannose glycans on soluble and virion S trimers, is predominantly modified in the Golgi by processed glycans. Three incompletely occupied sites of O-linked glycosylation were detected. Viruses pseudotyped with natural variants of the serine/threonine residues implicated in O-linked glycosylation were generally infectious and exhibited sensitivity to neutralization by soluble ACE2 and convalescent antisera comparable to that of the wild-type virus. Unlike other natural cysteine variants, a Cys15Phe (C15F) mutant retained partial, but unstable, infectivity. These findings enhance our understanding of the Golgi processing of the native SARS-CoV-2 S glycoprotein carbohydrates and could assist the design of interventions.
Collapse
|
9
|
Nguyen HT, Zhang S, Wang Q, Anang S, Wang J, Ding H, Kappes JC, Sodroski J. Spike glycoprotein and host cell determinants of SARS-CoV-2 entry and cytopathic effects. J Virol 2021; 95:JVI.02304-20. [PMID: 33310888 PMCID: PMC8092844 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02304-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2, a betacoronavirus, is the cause of the COVID-19 pandemic. The SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) glycoprotein trimer mediates virus entry into host cells and cytopathic effects (syncytium formation). We studied the contribution of several S glycoprotein features to these functions, focusing on those that differ among related coronaviruses. Acquisition of the furin cleavage site by the SARS-CoV-2 S glycoprotein decreased virus stability and infectivity, but greatly enhanced syncytium-forming ability. Notably, the D614G change found in globally predominant SARS-CoV-2 strains increased infectivity, modestly enhanced responsiveness to the ACE2 receptor and susceptibility to neutralizing sera, and tightened association of the S1 subunit with the trimer. Apparently, these two features of the SARS-CoV-2 S glycoprotein, the furin cleavage site and D614G, have evolved to balance virus infectivity, stability, cytopathicity and antibody vulnerability. Although the endodomain (cytoplasmic tail) of the S2 subunit was not absolutely required for virus entry or syncytium formation, alteration of palmitoylated cysteine residues in the cytoplasmic tail decreased the efficiency of these processes. As proteolytic cleavage contributes to the activation of the SARS-CoV-2 S glycoprotein, we evaluated the ability of protease inhibitors to suppress S glycoprotein function. Matrix metalloprotease inhibitors suppressed S-mediated cell-cell fusion, but not virus entry. Synergy between inhibitors of matrix metalloproteases and TMPRSS2 suggests that both host proteases can activate the S glycoprotein during the process of syncytium formation. These results provide insights into SARS-CoV-2 S glycoprotein-host cell interactions that likely contribute to the transmission and pathogenicity of this pandemic agent.IMPORTANCE The development of an effective and durable SARS-CoV-2 vaccine is essential for combating the growing COVID-19 pandemic. The SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) glycoprotein is the main target of neutralizing antibodies elicited during virus infection or following vaccination. Knowledge of the spike glycoprotein evolution, function and interactions with host factors will help researchers to develop effective vaccine immunogens and treatments. Here we identify key features of the spike glycoprotein, including the furin cleavage site and the D614G natural mutation, that modulate viral cytopathic effects, infectivity and sensitivity to inhibition. We also identify two inhibitors of host metalloproteases that block S-mediated cell-cell fusion, a process that contributes to the destruction of the virus-infected cell.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanh T Nguyen
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Shijian Zhang
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Saumya Anang
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Jia Wang
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Haitao Ding
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Research Service, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - John C Kappes
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Research Service, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Joseph Sodroski
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Anthony-Gonda K, Bardhi A, Ray A, Flerin N, Li M, Chen W, Ochsenbauer C, Kappes JC, Krueger W, Worden A, Schneider D, Zhu Z, Orentas R, Dimitrov DS, Goldstein H, Dropulić B. Multispecific anti-HIV duoCAR-T cells display broad in vitro antiviral activity and potent in vivo elimination of HIV-infected cells in a humanized mouse model. Sci Transl Med 2020; 11:11/504/eaav5685. [PMID: 31391322 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aav5685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Adoptive immunotherapy using chimeric antigen receptor-modified T cells (CAR-T) has made substantial contributions to the treatment of certain B cell malignancies. Such treatment modalities could potentially obviate the need for long-term antiretroviral drug therapy in HIV/AIDS. Here, we report the development of HIV-1-based lentiviral vectors that encode CARs targeting multiple highly conserved sites on the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein using a two-molecule CAR architecture, termed duoCAR. We show that transduction with lentiviral vectors encoding multispecific anti-HIV duoCARs confer primary T cells with the capacity to potently reduce cellular HIV infection by up to 99% in vitro and >97% in vivo. T cells are the targets of HIV infection, but the transduced T cells are protected from genetically diverse HIV-1 strains. The CAR-T cells also potently eliminated PBMCs infected with broadly neutralizing antibody-resistant HIV strains, including VRC01/3BNC117-resistant HIV-1. Furthermore, multispecific anti-HIV duoCAR-T cells demonstrated long-term control of HIV infection in vivo and prevented the loss of CD4+ T cells during HIV infection using a humanized NSG mouse model of intrasplenic HIV infection. These data suggest that multispecific anti-HIV duoCAR-T cells could be an effective approach for the treatment of patients with HIV-1 infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ariola Bardhi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Alex Ray
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Nina Flerin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Mengyan Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Weizao Chen
- Protein Interactions Section, Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Christina Ochsenbauer
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - John C Kappes
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.,Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Research Service, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Winfried Krueger
- Lentigen, a Miltenyi Biotec Company, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - Andrew Worden
- Lentigen, a Miltenyi Biotec Company, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - Dina Schneider
- Lentigen, a Miltenyi Biotec Company, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - Zhongyu Zhu
- Lentigen, a Miltenyi Biotec Company, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - Rimas Orentas
- Lentigen, a Miltenyi Biotec Company, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - Dimiter S Dimitrov
- Center for Antibody Therapeutics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
| | - Harris Goldstein
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
| | - Boro Dropulić
- Lentigen, a Miltenyi Biotec Company, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Hertoghs N, Nijmeijer BM, van Teijlingen NH, Fenton-May AE, Kaptein TM, van Hamme JL, Kappes JC, Kootstra NA, Hahn BH, Borrow P, Ribeiro CMS, Geijtenbeek TBH. Sexually transmitted founder HIV-1 viruses are relatively resistant to Langerhans cell-mediated restriction. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0226651. [PMID: 31856198 PMCID: PMC6922402 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0226651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A single HIV-1 variant establishes infection of the host after sexual contact. Identifying the phenotypic characteristics of these Transmitted Founder (T/F) viruses is important to understand the restriction mechanisms during transmission. Langerhans cells (LCs) are the mucosal dendritic cell subset that has been shown to have a protective role in HIV-1 transmission. Immature LCs efficiently capture and degrade HIV-1 via langerin-mediated restriction. Here we have investigated the capacity of T/F HIV-1 strains to infect mucosal Langerhans cells (LCs). Notably, most T/F variants efficiently infected immature LCs derived from skin and vaginal tissue in contrast to chronic HIV-1 laboratory strains. Next we screened a panel of T/F viruses and their matched 6-month consensus sequence viruses. Interestingly most T/F variants infected immature LCs whereas donor-matched 6-month consensus sequence viruses had lost the ability to infect LCs. However, we also identified 6-month consensus sequence viruses that had retained an ability to infect LCs similar to that of the donor-matched T/F virus. Moreover, some T/F viruses and 6-month consensus sequence viruses were unable to infect immature LCs. Further analyses indicated that T/F viruses are less sensitive to langerin-mediated restriction. These data suggest that T/F HIV-1 variants have the ability to infect immature LCs, which will facilitate transmission.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nina Hertoghs
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Bernadien M. Nijmeijer
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Nienke H. van Teijlingen
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Tanja M. Kaptein
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - John L. van Hamme
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - John C. Kappes
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - Neeltje A. Kootstra
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Beatrice H. Hahn
- Departments of Medicine and Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Persephone Borrow
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Carla M. S. Ribeiro
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Teunis B. H. Geijtenbeek
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Mielke D, Bandawe G, Pollara J, Abrahams MR, Nyanhete T, Moore PL, Thebus R, Yates NL, Kappes JC, Ochsenbauer C, Garrett N, Abdool Karim S, Tomaras GD, Montefiori D, Morris L, Ferrari G, Williamson C. Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity (ADCC)-Mediating Antibodies Constrain Neutralizing Antibody Escape Pathway. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2875. [PMID: 31921139 PMCID: PMC6919271 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Both neutralization and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) may be required for effective protection against HIV-1 infection. While there is extensive information on the targets of early neutralizing antibody (nAb) responses, much less is known about the targets of ADCC responses, which are more difficult to characterize. In four individuals recruited during acute HIV-infection, ADCC responses were detected 3-7 weeks prior to nAb responses. To determine the relative influence of ADCC and nAb responses on virus evolution, we performed an in-depth investigation of one individual (CAP63) who showed the highest nAb and ADCC responses. Both nAbs and ADCC antibodies targeted the V4 region of the Env, although there were some differences in epitope recognition. We identified accelerated viral evolution in this region concurrent with emergence of nAb activity, but not ADCC activity. Deep sequencing demonstrated that most nAb escape mutations were strongly selected for, however one nAb escape mutation that rendered the virus highly susceptible to autologous ADCC responses, was suppressed despite not affecting viral fitness. This escape mutation also rendered the virus more sensitive to autologous responses, as well as monoclonal antibodies targeting CD4-induced epitopes, compared to the wildtype virus. In conclusion, ADCC responses and nAbs in donor CAP63 recognized overlapping but unique epitopes in the V4 region, and while ADCC activity was present prior to nAbs, it did not drive viral evolution during this time. However, ADCC responses may select against nAb escape pathways that expose other common ADCC epitopes thereby restricting viral replication and expansion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dieter Mielke
- Division of Medical Virology, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Gama Bandawe
- Division of Medical Virology, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Justin Pollara
- Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Melissa-Rose Abrahams
- Division of Medical Virology, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | - Penny L Moore
- HIV Virology Section, Centre for HIV and STIs, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa.,National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa.,MRC Antibody Immunity Research Unit, University of Witwaterstrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.,Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Ruwayhida Thebus
- Division of Medical Virology, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Nicole L Yates
- Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - John C Kappes
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States.,Research Service, Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Christina Ochsenbauer
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Nigel Garrett
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa.,Discipline of Public Health Medicine, School of Nursing and Public Health, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Salim Abdool Karim
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa.,Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | | | | | - Lynn Morris
- HIV Virology Section, Centre for HIV and STIs, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa.,National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa.,MRC Antibody Immunity Research Unit, University of Witwaterstrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.,Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Guido Ferrari
- Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Carolyn Williamson
- Division of Medical Virology, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa.,Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
van Stigt Thans T, Akko JI, Niehrs A, Garcia-Beltran WF, Richert L, Stürzel CM, Ford CT, Li H, Ochsenbauer C, Kappes JC, Hahn BH, Kirchhoff F, Martrus G, Sauter D, Altfeld M, Hölzemer A. Primary HIV-1 Strains Use Nef To Downmodulate HLA-E Surface Expression. J Virol 2019; 93:e00719-19. [PMID: 31375574 PMCID: PMC6798123 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00719-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) has evolved elaborate ways to evade immune cell recognition, including downregulation of classical HLA class I (HLA-I) from the surfaces of infected cells. Recent evidence identified HLA-E, a nonclassical HLA-I, as an important part of the antiviral immune response to HIV-1. Changes in HLA-E surface levels and peptide presentation can prompt both CD8+ T-cell and natural killer (NK) cell responses to viral infections. Previous studies reported unchanged or increased HLA-E levels on HIV-1-infected cells. Here, we examined HLA-E surface levels following infection of CD4+ T cells with primary HIV-1 strains and observed that a subset downregulated HLA-E. Two primary strains of HIV-1 that induced the strongest reduction in surface HLA-E expression were chosen for further testing. Expression of single Nef or Vpu proteins in a T-cell line, as well as tail swap experiments exchanging the cytoplasmic tail of HLA-A2 with that of HLA-E, demonstrated that Nef modulated HLA-E surface levels and targeted the cytoplasmic tail of HLA-E. Furthermore, infection of primary CD4+ T cells with HIV-1 mutants showed that a lack of functional Nef (and Vpu to some extent) impaired HLA-E downmodulation. Taken together, the results of this study demonstrate for the first time that HIV-1 can downregulate HLA-E surface levels on infected primary CD4+ T cells, potentially rendering them less vulnerable to CD8+ T-cell recognition but at increased risk of NKG2A+ NK cell killing.IMPORTANCE For almost two decades, it was thought that HIV-1 selectively downregulated the highly expressed HLA-I molecules HLA-A and HLA-B from the cell surface in order to evade cytotoxic-T-cell recognition, while leaving HLA-C and HLA-E molecules unaltered. It was stipulated that HIV-1 infection thereby maintained inhibition of NK cells via inhibitory receptors that bind HLA-C and HLA-E. This concept was recently revised when a study showed that primary HIV-1 strains reduce HLA-C surface levels, whereas the cell line-adapted HIV-1 strain NL4-3 lacks this ability. Here, we demonstrate that infection with distinct primary HIV-1 strains results in significant downregulation of surface HLA-E levels. Given the increasing evidence for HLA-E as an important modulator of CD8+ T-cell and NKG2A+ NK cell functions, this finding has substantial implications for future immunomodulatory approaches aimed at harnessing cytotoxic cellular immunity against HIV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Janet I Akko
- Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Germany
| | - Annika Niehrs
- Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Germany
| | | | - Laura Richert
- Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany
- Université Bordeaux, Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR 1219, Inria SISTM, Bordeaux, France
| | - Christina M Stürzel
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Christopher T Ford
- Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Christina Ochsenbauer
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, and CFAR, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - John C Kappes
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, and CFAR, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Beatrice H Hahn
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Frank Kirchhoff
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Glòria Martrus
- Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Sauter
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Marcus Altfeld
- Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Germany
- Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Angelique Hölzemer
- Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Germany
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Zhang Y, Gc S, Patel SB, Liu Y, Paterson AJ, Kappes JC, Jiang J, Frank SJ. Growth hormone (GH) receptor (GHR)-specific inhibition of GH-Induced signaling by soluble IGF-1 receptor (sol IGF-1R). Mol Cell Endocrinol 2019; 492:110445. [PMID: 31100495 PMCID: PMC6613819 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2019.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Human growth hormone (GH) binds and activates GH receptor (GHR) and prolactin (PRL) receptor (PRLR). LNCaP human prostate cancer cells express only GHR. A soluble fragment of IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R) extracellular domain (sol IGF-1R) interacts with GHR and blocks GH signaling. We now explore sol IGF-1R's specificity for inhibiting GH signaling via GHR vs. PRLR and test GHR and PRLR extracellular domain inhibition determinants. Although T47D human breast cancer cells express GHR and PRLR, GH signaling is largely PRLR-mediated. In T47D, sol IGF-1R inhibited neither GH- nor PRL-induced STAT5 activation. However, sol IGF-1R inhibited GH-induced STAT5 activation in T47D-shPRLR cells, which harbor reduced PRLR. In MIN6 mouse β-cells, bovine GH (bGH) activates mouse GHR, not PRLR, while human GH activates mouse GHR and PRLR. In MIN6, sol IGF-1R inhibited bGH-induced STAT5 activation, but partially inhibited human GH-induced STAT5 activation. These findings suggest sol IGF-1R's inhibition is GHR-specific. Using a cellular reconstitution system, we compared effects of sol IGF-1R on signaling through GHR, PRLR, or chimeras in which extracellular subdomains 2 (S2) of the receptors were swapped. Sol IGF-1R inhibited GH-induced STAT5 activation in GHR-expressing, not PRLR-expressing cells, consistent with GHR specificity of sol IGF-1R. Interestingly, we found that GHR S2 (which harbors the GHR-GHR dimer interface) was required, but not sufficient for sol IGF-1R inhibition of GHR signaling. These results suggest sol IGF-1R specifically inhibits GH-induced GHR-mediated signaling, possibly through interaction with GHR S1 and S2 domains. Our findings have implications for GH antagonist development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Sajina Gc
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Sweta B Patel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Ying Liu
- School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Andrew J Paterson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - John C Kappes
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Jing Jiang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Stuart J Frank
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA; Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA; Endocrinology Section, Medical Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Yang Z, Hildebrandt E, Jiang F, Aleksandrov AA, Khazanov N, Zhou Q, An J, Mezzell AT, Xavier BM, Ding H, Riordan JR, Senderowitz H, Kappes JC, Brouillette CG, Urbatsch IL. Structural stability of purified human CFTR is systematically improved by mutations in nucleotide binding domain 1. Biochim Biophys Acta Biomembr 2018; 1860:1193-1204. [PMID: 29425673 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2018.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) is an ABC transporter containing two transmembrane domains forming a chloride ion channel, and two nucleotide binding domains (NBD1 and NBD2). CFTR has presented a formidable challenge to obtain monodisperse, biophysically stable protein. Here we report a comprehensive study comparing effects of single and multiple NBD1 mutations on stability of both the NBD1 domain alone and on purified full length human CFTR. Single mutations S492P, A534P, I539T acted additively, and when combined with M470V, S495P, and R555K cumulatively yielded an NBD1 with highly improved structural stability. Strategic combinations of these mutations strongly stabilized the domain to attain a calorimetric Tm > 70 °C. Replica exchange molecular dynamics simulations on the most stable 6SS-NBD1 variant implicated fluctuations, electrostatic interactions and side chain packing as potential contributors to improved stability. Progressive stabilization of NBD1 directly correlated with enhanced structural stability of full-length CFTR protein. Thermal unfolding of the stabilized CFTR mutants, monitored by changes in intrinsic fluorescence, demonstrated that Tm could be shifted as high as 67.4 °C in 6SS-CFTR, more than 20 °C higher than wild-type. H1402S, an NBD2 mutation, conferred CFTR with additional thermal stability, possibly by stabilizing an NBD-dimerized conformation. CFTR variants with NBD1-stabilizing mutations were expressed at the cell surface in mammalian cells, exhibited ATPase and channel activity, and retained these functions to higher temperatures. The capability to produce enzymatically active CFTR with improved structural stability amenable to biophysical and structural studies will advance mechanistic investigations and future cystic fibrosis drug development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengrong Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Ellen Hildebrandt
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Center for Membrane Protein Research, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, Stop 6540, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - Fan Jiang
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 701 19th Street South, Birmingham, AL 35294-0007, USA
| | - Andrei A Aleksandrov
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics and Cystic Fibrosis Treatment and Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Netaly Khazanov
- Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 5290002, Israel
| | - Qingxian Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jianli An
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Andrew T Mezzell
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 701 19th Street South, Birmingham, AL 35294-0007, USA
| | - Bala M Xavier
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Center for Membrane Protein Research, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, Stop 6540, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - Haitao Ding
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 701 19th Street South, Birmingham, AL 35294-0007, USA
| | - John R Riordan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics and Cystic Fibrosis Treatment and Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Hanoch Senderowitz
- Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 5290002, Israel
| | - John C Kappes
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 701 19th Street South, Birmingham, AL 35294-0007, USA; Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Research Service, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | | | - Ina L Urbatsch
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Center for Membrane Protein Research, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, Stop 6540, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Xavier BM, Hildebrandt E, Jiang F, Ding H, Kappes JC, Urbatsch IL. Substitution of Yor1p NBD1 residues improves the thermal stability of Human Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator. Protein Eng Des Sel 2017; 30:729-741. [PMID: 29053845 PMCID: PMC5914393 DOI: 10.1093/protein/gzx054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) is a plasma membrane chloride channel protein that regulates vertebrate fluid homeostasis. The inefficiency of wild type human CFTR protein folding/trafficking is exacerbated by genetic mutations that can cause protein misfolding in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and subsequent degradation. This project investigates small changes in protein sequence that can alter the thermal stability of the large multi-domain CFTR protein. We target a conserved 70-residue α-subdomain located in the first nucleotide-binding domain that hosts the common misfolding mutation ∆F508. To investigate substitutions that can stabilize this domain, we constructed chimeras between human CFTR and its closest yeast homolog Yor1p. The α-subdomain of Yor1p was replaced with that of CFTR in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Cellular localization of green fluorescence protein-tagged Yor1p-CFTR chimeras was analyzed by fluorescence microscopy and quantitative multispectral imaging flow cytometry, steady-state protein levels were compared by SDS-PAGE and protein function probed by a phenotypic oligomycin resistance assay. The chimeras exhibited ER retention in yeast characteristic of defective protein folding/processing. Substitution of seven CFTR α-subdomain residues that are highly conserved in Yor1p and other transporters but differ in CFTR (S495P/R516K/F533L/A534P/K536G/I539T/R553K) improved Yor1p-CFTR chimera localization to the yeast plasma membrane. When introduced into human CFTR expressed in mammalian cells, the same substitutions improve the purified protein thermal stability. This stabilized human CFTR protein will be directly useful for structural and biophysical studies that have been limited by the thermal sensitivity of wild type CFTR. The insights into critical structural residues within CFTR could facilitate development of effective therapeutics for CF-causing mutations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B M Xavier
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, and Center for Membrane Protein Research, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - E Hildebrandt
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, and Center for Membrane Protein Research, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - F Jiang
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - H Ding
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - J C Kappes
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Research Service, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - I L Urbatsch
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, and Center for Membrane Protein Research, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Raju SV, Lin VY, Liu L, McNicholas CM, Karki S, Sloane PA, Tang L, Jackson PL, Wang W, Wilson L, Macon KJ, Mazur M, Kappes JC, DeLucas LJ, Barnes S, Kirk K, Tearney GJ, Rowe SM. The Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator Potentiator Ivacaftor Augments Mucociliary Clearance Abrogating Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator Inhibition by Cigarette Smoke. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2017; 56:99-108. [PMID: 27585394 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2016-0226oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Acquired cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) dysfunction may contribute to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease pathogenesis and is a potential therapeutic target. We sought to determine the acute effects of cigarette smoke on ion transport and the mucociliary transport apparatus, their mechanistic basis, and whether deleterious effects could be reversed with the CFTR potentiator ivacaftor (VX-770). Primary human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells and human bronchi were exposed to cigarette smoke extract (CSE) and/or ivacaftor. CFTR function and expression were measured in Ussing chambers and by surface biotinylation. CSE-derived acrolein modifications on CFTR were determined by mass spectroscopic analysis of purified protein, and the functional microanatomy of the airway epithelia was measured by 1-μm resolution optical coherence tomography. CSE reduced CFTR-dependent current in HBE cells (P < 0.05) and human bronchi (P < 0.05) within minutes of exposure. The mechanism involved CSE-induced reduction of CFTR gating, decreasing CFTR open-channel probability by approximately 75% immediately after exposure (P < 0.05), whereas surface CFTR expression was partially reduced with chronic exposure, but was stable acutely. CSE treatment of purified CFTR resulted in acrolein modifications on lysine and cysteine residues that likely disrupt CFTR gating. In primary HBE cells, CSE reduced airway surface liquid depth (P < 0.05) and ciliary beat frequency (P < 0.05) within 60 minutes that was restored by coadministration with ivacaftor (P < 0.005). Cigarette smoking transmits acute reductions in CFTR activity, adversely affecting the airway surface. These effects are reversible by a CFTR potentiator in vitro, representing a potential therapeutic strategy in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with chronic bronchitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Vamsee Raju
- Departments of 1 Medicine.,2 the Cystic Fibrosis Research Center
| | | | - Limbo Liu
- 3 Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Carmel M McNicholas
- 2 the Cystic Fibrosis Research Center.,4 Cell Developmental and Integrative Biology
| | | | | | - Liping Tang
- Departments of 1 Medicine.,2 the Cystic Fibrosis Research Center
| | | | - Wei Wang
- 2 the Cystic Fibrosis Research Center.,4 Cell Developmental and Integrative Biology
| | | | | | | | - John C Kappes
- Departments of 1 Medicine.,2 the Cystic Fibrosis Research Center
| | | | - Stephen Barnes
- 5 Targeted Metabolomics and Proteomics Laboratory.,7 Pharmacology, and
| | - Kevin Kirk
- 2 the Cystic Fibrosis Research Center.,4 Cell Developmental and Integrative Biology
| | - Guillermo J Tearney
- 3 Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Steven M Rowe
- Departments of 1 Medicine.,2 the Cystic Fibrosis Research Center.,4 Cell Developmental and Integrative Biology.,8 Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; and
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Rodriguez-Garcia M, Shen Z, Barr FD, Boesch AW, Ackerman ME, Kappes JC, Ochsenbauer C, Wira CR. Dendritic cells from the human female reproductive tract rapidly capture and respond to HIV. Mucosal Immunol 2017; 10:531-544. [PMID: 27579858 PMCID: PMC5332537 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2016.72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) throughout the female reproductive tract (FRT) were examined for phenotype, HIV capture ability and innate anti-HIV responses. Two main CD11c+ DC subsets were identified: CD11b+ and CD11blow DCs. CD11b+CD14+ DCs were the most abundant throughout the tract. A majority of CD11c+CD14+ cells corresponded to CD1c+ myeloid DCs, whereas the rest lacked CD1c and CD163 expression (macrophage marker) and may represent monocyte-derived cells. In addition, we identified CD103+ DCs, located exclusively in the endometrium, whereas DC-SIGN+ DCs were broadly distributed throughout the FRT. Following exposure to GFP-labeled HIV particles, CD14+ DC-SIGN+ as well as CD14+ DC-SIGN- cells captured virus, with ∼30% of these cells representing CD1c+ myeloid DCs. CD103+ DCs lacked HIV capture ability. Exposure of FRT DCs to HIV induced secretion of CCL2, CCR5 ligands, interleukin (IL)-8, elafin, and secretory leukocyte peptidase inhibitor (SLPI) within 3 h of exposure, whereas classical pro-inflammatory molecules did not change and interferon-α2 and IL-10 were undetectable. Furthermore, elafin and SLPI upregulation, but not CCL5, were suppressed by estradiol pre-treatment. Our results suggest that specific DC subsets in the FRT have the potential for capture and dissemination of HIV, exert antiviral responses and likely contribute to the recruitment of HIV-target cells through the secretion of innate immune molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Rodriguez-Garcia
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA,Corresponding author. Address correspondence to Dr. Marta Rodriguez-Garcia, Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, One Medical Center Drive, Lebanon, NH 03756. Fax number: 603-6507717. Telephone number: 603-6502583.
| | - Zheng Shen
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Fiona D. Barr
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | | | | | - John C. Kappes
- Department of Medicine and UAB Center for AIDS Research, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL,Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Research Service Birmingham, AL
| | - Christina Ochsenbauer
- Department of Medicine and UAB Center for AIDS Research, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL
| | - Charles R. Wira
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Yoder AC, Guo K, Dillon SM, Phang T, Lee EJ, Harper MS, Helm K, Kappes JC, Ochsenbauer C, McCarter MD, Wilson CC, Santiago ML. The transcriptome of HIV-1 infected intestinal CD4+ T cells exposed to enteric bacteria. PLoS Pathog 2017; 13:e1006226. [PMID: 28241075 PMCID: PMC5344538 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Revised: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Global transcriptome studies can help pinpoint key cellular pathways exploited by viruses to replicate and cause pathogenesis. Previous data showed that laboratory-adapted HIV-1 triggers significant gene expression changes in CD4+ T cell lines and mitogen-activated CD4+ T cells from peripheral blood. However, HIV-1 primarily targets mucosal compartments during acute infection in vivo. Moreover, early HIV-1 infection causes extensive depletion of CD4+ T cells in the gastrointestinal tract that herald persistent inflammation due to the translocation of enteric microbes to the systemic circulation. Here, we profiled the transcriptome of primary intestinal CD4+ T cells infected ex vivo with transmitted/founder (TF) HIV-1. Infections were performed in the presence or absence of Prevotella stercorea, a gut microbe enriched in the mucosa of HIV-1-infected individuals that enhanced both TF HIV-1 replication and CD4+ T cell death ex vivo. In the absence of bacteria, HIV-1 triggered a cellular shutdown response involving the downregulation of HIV-1 reactome genes, while perturbing genes linked to OX40, PPAR and FOXO3 signaling. However, in the presence of bacteria, HIV-1 did not perturb these gene sets or pathways. Instead, HIV-1 enhanced granzyme expression and Th17 cell function, inhibited G1/S cell cycle checkpoint genes and triggered downstream cell death pathways in microbe-exposed gut CD4+ T cells. To gain insights on these differential effects, we profiled the gene expression landscape of HIV-1-uninfected gut CD4+ T cells exposed to bacteria. Microbial exposure upregulated genes involved in cellular proliferation, MAPK activation, Th17 cell differentiation and type I interferon signaling. Our findings reveal that microbial exposure influenced how HIV-1 altered the gut CD4+ T cell transcriptome, with potential consequences for HIV-1 susceptibility, cell survival and inflammation. The HIV-1- and microbe-altered pathways unraveled here may serve as a molecular blueprint to gain basic insights in mucosal HIV-1 pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alyson C. Yoder
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States of America
| | - Kejun Guo
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States of America
- RNA Bioscience Initiative, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States of America
| | - Stephanie M. Dillon
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States of America
| | - Tzu Phang
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States of America
- The Cancer Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States of America
| | - Eric J. Lee
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States of America
| | - Michael S. Harper
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States of America
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States of America
| | - Karen Helm
- The Cancer Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States of America
| | - John C. Kappes
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
- Center for AIDS Research, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - Christina Ochsenbauer
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
- Center for AIDS Research, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - Martin D. McCarter
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States of America
| | - Cara C. Wilson
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States of America
- RNA Bioscience Initiative, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States of America
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States of America
- * E-mail: (MLS); (CCW)
| | - Mario L. Santiago
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States of America
- RNA Bioscience Initiative, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States of America
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States of America
- * E-mail: (MLS); (CCW)
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Nguyen HT, Madani N, Ding H, Elder E, Princiotto A, Gu C, Darby P, Alin J, Herschhorn A, Kappes JC, Mao Y, Sodroski JG. Evaluation of the contribution of the transmembrane region to the ectodomain conformation of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) envelope glycoprotein. Virol J 2017; 14:33. [PMID: 28209172 PMCID: PMC5314615 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-017-0704-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) envelope glycoprotein (Env), a Type 1 transmembrane protein, assembles into a trimeric spike complex that mediates virus entry into host cells. The high potential energy of the metastable, unliganded Env trimer is maintained by multiple non-covalent contacts among the gp120 exterior and gp41 transmembrane Env subunits. Structural studies suggest that the gp41 transmembrane region forms a left-handed coiled coil that contributes to the Env trimer interprotomer contacts. Here we evaluate the contribution of the gp41 transmembrane region to the folding and stability of Env trimers. Methods Multiple polar/charged amino acid residues, which hypothetically disrupt the stop-transfer signal, were introduced in the proposed lipid-interactive face of the transmembrane coiled coil, allowing release of soluble cleavage-negative Envs containing the modified transmembrane region (TMmod). We also examined effects of cleavage, the cytoplasmic tail and a C-terminal fibritin trimerization (FT) motif on oligomerization, antigenicity and functionality of soluble and membrane-bound Envs. Results The introduction of polar/charged amino acids into the transmembrane region resulted in the secretion of soluble Envs from the cell. However, these TMmod Envs primarily formed dimers. By contrast, control cleavage-negative sgp140 Envs lacking the transmembrane region formed soluble trimers, dimers and monomers. TMmod and sgp140 trimers were stabilized by the addition of a C-terminal FT sequence, but still exhibited carbohydrate and antigenic signatures of a flexible ectodomain structure. On the other hand, detergent-solubilized cleaved and uncleaved Envs isolated from the membranes of expressing cells exhibited "tighter” ectodomain structures, based on carbohydrate modifications. These trimers were found to be unstable in detergent solutions, but could be stabilized by the addition of a C-terminal FT moiety. The C-terminal FT domain decreased Env cleavage and syncytium-forming ability by approximately three-fold; alteration of the FT trimerization interface restored Env cleavage and syncytium formation to near-wild-type levels. Conclusion The modified transmembrane region was not conducive to trimerization of soluble Envs. However, for HIV-1 Env ectodomains that are minimally modified, membrane-anchored Envs exhibit the most native structures and can be stabilized by appropriately positioned FT domains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanh T Nguyen
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, 450 Brookline Avenue, CLS 1010, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Navid Madani
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, 450 Brookline Avenue, CLS 1010, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Haitao Ding
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Emerald Elder
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, 450 Brookline Avenue, CLS 1010, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Amy Princiotto
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, 450 Brookline Avenue, CLS 1010, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Christopher Gu
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, 450 Brookline Avenue, CLS 1010, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Patrice Darby
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, 450 Brookline Avenue, CLS 1010, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - James Alin
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, 450 Brookline Avenue, CLS 1010, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Alon Herschhorn
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, 450 Brookline Avenue, CLS 1010, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - John C Kappes
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.,Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Research Service, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
| | - Youdong Mao
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, 450 Brookline Avenue, CLS 1010, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Joseph G Sodroski
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, 450 Brookline Avenue, CLS 1010, Boston, MA, 02215, USA. .,Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Witt KC, Castillo-Menendez L, Ding H, Espy N, Zhang S, Kappes JC, Sodroski J. Antigenic characterization of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) envelope glycoprotein precursor incorporated into nanodiscs. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170672. [PMID: 28151945 PMCID: PMC5289478 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The entry of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) into host cells is mediated by the viral envelope glycoproteins (Envs), which are derived by the proteolytic cleavage of a trimeric gp160 Env precursor. The mature Env trimer is a major target for entry inhibitors and vaccine-induced neutralizing antibodies. Env interstrain variability, conformational flexibility and heavy glycosylation contribute to evasion of the host immune response, and create challenges for structural characterization and vaccine development. Here we investigate variables associated with reconstitution of the HIV-1 Env precursor into nanodiscs, nanoscale lipid bilayer discs enclosed by membrane scaffolding proteins. We identified detergents, as well as lipids similar in composition to the viral lipidome, that allowed efficient formation of Env-nanodiscs (Env-NDs). Env-NDs were created with the full-length Env precursor and with an Env precursor with the majority of the cytoplasmic tail intact. The self-association of Env-NDs was decreased by glutaraldehyde crosslinking. The Env-NDs exhibited an antigenic profile expected for the HIV-1 Env precursor. Env-NDs were recognized by broadly neutralizing antibodies. Of note, neutralizing antibody epitopes in the gp41 membrane-proximal external region and in the gp120:gp41 interface were well exposed on Env-NDs compared with Env expressed on cell surfaces. Most Env epitopes recognized by non-neutralizing antibodies were masked on the Env-NDs. This antigenic profile was stable for several days, exhibiting a considerably longer half-life than that of Env solubilized in detergents. Negative selection with weak neutralizing antibodies could be used to improve the antigenic profile of the Env-NDs. Finally, we show that lipid adjuvants can be incorporated into Env-NDs. These results indicate that Env-NDs represent a potentially useful platform for investigating the structural, functional and antigenic properties of the HIV-1 Env trimer in a membrane context.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristen C. Witt
- Department of Cancer Immunology & Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Microbiology & Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Luis Castillo-Menendez
- Department of Cancer Immunology & Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Microbiology & Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Haitao Ding
- Departments of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - Nicole Espy
- Department of Cancer Immunology & Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Microbiology & Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Shijian Zhang
- Department of Cancer Immunology & Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Microbiology & Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - John C. Kappes
- Departments of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
- Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Research Service, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - Joseph Sodroski
- Department of Cancer Immunology & Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Microbiology & Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Department of Immunology & Infectious Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Huang Y, Ferrari G, Alter G, Forthal DN, Kappes JC, Lewis GK, Love JC, Borate B, Harris L, Greene K, Gao H, Phan TB, Landucci G, Goods BA, Dowell KG, Cheng HD, Bailey-Kellogg C, Montefiori DC, Ackerman ME. Diversity of Antiviral IgG Effector Activities Observed in HIV-Infected and Vaccinated Subjects. J Immunol 2016; 197:4603-4612. [PMID: 27913647 PMCID: PMC5137799 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Diverse Ab effector functions mediated by the Fc domain have been commonly associated with reduced risk of infection in a growing number of nonhuman primate and human clinical studies. This study evaluated the anti-HIV Ab effector activities in polyclonal serum samples from HIV-infected donors, VAX004 vaccine recipients, and healthy HIV-negative subjects using a variety of primary and cell line-based assays, including Ab-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), Ab-dependent cell-mediated viral inhibition, and Ab-dependent cellular phagocytosis. Additional assay characterization was performed with a panel of Fc-engineered variants of mAb b12. The goal of this study was to characterize different effector functions in the study samples and identify assays that might most comprehensively and dependably capture Fc-mediated Ab functions mediated by different effector cell types and against different viral targets. Deployment of such assays may facilitate assessment of functionally unique humoral responses and contribute to identification of correlates of protection with potential mechanistic significance in future HIV vaccine studies. Multivariate and correlative comparisons identified a set of Ab-dependent cell-mediated viral inhibition and phagocytosis assays that captured different Ab activities and were distinct from a group of ADCC assays that showed a more similar response profile across polyclonal serum samples. The activities of a panel of b12 monoclonal Fc variants further identified distinctions among the ADCC assays. These results reveal the natural diversity of Fc-mediated Ab effector responses among vaccine recipients in the VAX004 trial and in HIV-infected subjects, and they point to the potential importance of polyfunctional Ab responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunda Huang
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109
| | - Guido Ferrari
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Galit Alter
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Donald N Forthal
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California School of Medicine, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - John C Kappes
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California School of Medicine, Irvine, CA 92697
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - George K Lewis
- Division of Vaccine Research, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - J Christopher Love
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Bhavesh Borate
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109
| | - Linda Harris
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109
| | - Kelli Greene
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Hongmei Gao
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Tran B Phan
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California School of Medicine, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Gary Landucci
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California School of Medicine, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Brittany A Goods
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Karen G Dowell
- Department of Computer Science, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755; and
| | - Hao D Cheng
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755
| | | | - David C Montefiori
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
| | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Hildebrandt E, Khazanov N, Kappes JC, Dai Q, Senderowitz H, Urbatsch IL. Specific stabilization of CFTR by phosphatidylserine. Biochim Biophys Acta Biomembr 2016; 1859:289-293. [PMID: 27913277 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2016.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR, ABCC7) is a plasma membrane chloride ion channel in the ABC transporter superfamily. CFTR is a key target for cystic fibrosis drug development, and its structural elucidation would advance those efforts. However, the limited in vivo and in vitro stability of the protein, particularly its nucleotide binding domains, has made structural studies challenging. Here we demonstrate that phosphatidylserine uniquely stimulates and thermally stabilizes the ATP hydrolysis function of purified human CFTR. Among several lipids tested, the greatest stabilization was observed with brain phosphatidylserine, which shifted the Tm for ATPase activity from 22.7±0.8°C to 35.0±0.2°C in wild-type CFTR, and from 26.6±0.7°C to 42.1±0.2°C in a more stable mutant CFTR having deleted regulatory insertion and S492P/A534P/I539T mutations. When ATPase activity was measured at 37°C in the presence of brain phosphatidylserine, Vmax for wild-type CFTR was 240±60nmol/min/mg, a rate higher than previously reported and consistent with rates for other purified ABC transporters. The significant thermal stabilization of CFTR by phosphatidylserine may be advantageous in future structural and biophysical studies of CFTR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Hildebrandt
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, and Center for Membrane Protein Research, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, Stop 6540, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA.
| | - Netaly Khazanov
- Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 5290002, Israel.
| | - John C Kappes
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 701 19th Street South, Birmingham, AL 35294-0007, USA; Birmingham Veterans Medical Center, Research Service, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA.
| | - Qun Dai
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 701 19th Street South, Birmingham, AL 35294-0007, USA.
| | - Hanoch Senderowitz
- Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 5290002, Israel.
| | - Ina L Urbatsch
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, and Center for Membrane Protein Research, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, Stop 6540, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Hildebrandt E, Mulky A, Ding H, Dai Q, Aleksandrov AA, Bajrami B, Diego PA, Wu X, Ray M, Naren AP, Riordan JR, Yao X, DeLucas LJ, Urbatsch IL, Kappes JC. A stable human-cell system overexpressing cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator recombinant protein at the cell surface. Mol Biotechnol 2016; 57:391-405. [PMID: 25577540 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-014-9830-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Recent human clinical trials results demonstrated successful treatment for certain genetic forms of cystic fibrosis (CF). To extend treatment opportunities to those afflicted with other genetic forms of CF disease, structural and biophysical characterization of CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is urgently needed. In this study, CFTR was modified with various tags, including a His10 purification tag, the SUMOstar (SUMO*) domain, an extracellular FLAG epitope, and an enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP), each alone or in various combinations. Expressed in HEK293 cells, recombinant CFTR proteins underwent complex glycosylation, compartmentalized with the plasma membrane, and exhibited regulated chloride-channel activity with only modest alterations in channel conductance and gating kinetics. Surface CFTR expression level was enhanced by the presence of SUMO* on the N-terminus. Quantitative mass-spectrometric analysis indicated approximately 10% of the total recombinant CFTR (SUMO*-CFTR(FLAG)-EGFP) localized to the plasma membrane. Trial purification using dodecylmaltoside for membrane protein extraction reproducibly recovered 178 ± 56 μg SUMO*-CFTR(FLAG)-EGFP per billion cells at 80% purity. Fluorescence size-exclusion chromatography indicated purified CFTR was monodisperse. These findings demonstrate a stable mammalian cell expression system capable of producing human CFTR of sufficient quality and quantity to augment future CF drug discovery efforts, including biophysical and structural studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Hildebrandt
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, and Center for Membrane Protein Research, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430
| | - Alok Mulky
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Haitao Ding
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Qun Dai
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Andrei A Aleksandrov
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Bekim Bajrami
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269
| | - Pamela Ann Diego
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269
| | - Xing Wu
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Marjorie Ray
- Department of Optometry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Anjaparavanda P Naren
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - John R Riordan
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Xudong Yao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269
| | - Lawrence J DeLucas
- Department of Optometry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Ina L Urbatsch
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, and Center for Membrane Protein Research, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430
| | - John C Kappes
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294.,Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294.,Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229.,Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Research Service, Birmingham, AL 35233
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Prasad R, Kappes JC, Katiyar SK. Inhibition of NADPH oxidase 1 activity and blocking the binding of cytosolic and membrane-bound proteins by honokiol inhibit migratory potential of melanoma cells. Oncotarget 2016; 7:7899-912. [PMID: 26760964 PMCID: PMC4884962 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Overexpression of NADPH oxidase 1 (Nox1) in melanoma cells is often associated with increased migration/metastasis rate. To develop effective treatment options, we have examined the effect of honokiol, a phytochemical from Magnolia plant, on the migratory potential of human melanoma cell lines (A375, Hs294t, SK-Mel119 and SK-Mel28) and assessed whether Nox1 is the target. Using an in vitro cell migration assay, we observed that treatment of different melanoma cell lines with honokiol for 24 h resulted in a dose-dependent inhibition of cell migration that was associated with reduction in Nox1 expression and reduced levels of oxidative stress. Treatment of cells with N-acetyl-L-cysteine, an anti-oxidant, also inhibited the migration of melanoma cells. Treatment of cells with diphenyleneiodonium chloride, an inhibitor of Nox1, significantly decreased the migration ability of Hs294t and SK-Mel28 cells. Further, we examined the effect of honokiol on the levels of core proteins (p22(phox) and p47(phox)) of the NADPH oxidase complex. Treatment of Hs294t and SK-Mel28 cells with honokiol resulted in accumulation of the cytosolic p47(phox) protein and decreased levels of the membrane-bound p22(phox) protein, thus blocking their interaction and inhibiting Nox1 activation. Our in vivo bioluminescence imaging data indicate that oral administration of honokiol inhibited the migration/extravasation and growth of intravenously injected melanoma cells in internal body organs, such as liver, lung and kidney in nude mice, and that this was associated with an inhibitory effect on Nox1 activity in these internal organs/tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ram Prasad
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - John C. Kappes
- Departments of Medicine and Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Santosh K. Katiyar
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Environmental Health Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, AL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Thomas T, Seay K, Zheng JH, Zhang C, Ochsenbauer C, Kappes JC, Goldstein H. High-Throughput Humanized Mouse Models for Evaluation of HIV-1 Therapeutics and Pathogenesis. Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1354:221-35. [PMID: 26714715 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3046-3_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mice cannot be used as a model to evaluate HIV-1 therapeutics because they do not become infected by HIV-1 due to structural differences between several human and mouse proteins required for HIV-1 replication. This has limited their use for in vivo assessment of anti-HIV-1 therapeutics and the mechanism by which cofactors, such as illicit drug use accelerate HIV-1 replication and disease course in substance abusers. Here, we describe the development and application of two in vivo humanized mouse models that are highly sensitive and useful models for the in vivo evaluation of candidate anti-HIV therapeutics. The first model, hu-spl-PBMC-NSG mice, uses NOD-SCID IL2rγ(-/-) (NSG) mice intrasplenically injected with human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) which develop productive splenic HIV-1 infection after intrasplenic inoculation with a replication-competent HIV-1 expressing Renilla reniformis luciferase (HIV-LucR) and enables investigators to use bioluminescence to visualize and quantitate the temporal effects of therapeutics on HIV-1 infection. The second model, hCD4/R5/cT1 mice, consists of transgenic mice carrying human CD4, CCR5 and cyclin T1 genes, which enables murine CD4-expressing cells to support HIV-1 entry, Tat-mediated LTR transcription and consequently develop productive infection. The hCD4/R5/cT1 mice develop disseminated infection of tissues including the spleen, small intestine, lymph nodes and lungs after intravenous injection with HIV-1-LucR. Because these mice can be infected with HIV-LucR expressing transmitted/founder and clade A/E and C Envs, these mouse models can also be used to evaluate the in vivo efficacy of broadly neutralizing antibodies and antibodies induced by candidate HIV-1 vaccines. Furthermore, because hCD4/R5/cT1 mice can be infected by vaginal inoculation with replication-competent HIV-1 expressing NanoLuc (HIV-nLucR)-, this mouse model can be used to evaluate the mechanisms by which substance abuse and other factors enhance mucosal transmission of HIV-1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tynisha Thomas
- Departments of Microbiology & Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Kieran Seay
- Departments of Microbiology & Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Jian Hua Zheng
- Departments of Microbiology & Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Cong Zhang
- Departments of Microbiology & Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Christina Ochsenbauer
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - John C Kappes
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.,Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Research Service, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Harris Goldstein
- Departments of Microbiology & Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA. .,Departments of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Forchheimer Building, Room 408, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Alberti MO, Jones JJ, Miglietta R, Ding H, Bakshi RK, Edmonds TG, Kappes JC, Ochsenbauer C. Optimized Replicating Renilla Luciferase Reporter HIV-1 Utilizing Novel Internal Ribosome Entry Site Elements for Native Nef Expression and Function. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2015; 31:1278-96. [PMID: 26101895 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2015.0074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously developed replication-competent reporter HIV-1 (referred to herein as LucR.T2A reporter viruses), utilizing a "ribosome skipping" T2A peptide strategy to link Renilla luciferase (LucR) with Nef expression. The demonstrated utility for HIV-1 vaccine and transmission study applications included measurement of neutralizing antibody (NAb) activity in vaccine sera, improved cell-mediated virus inhibition assays, such as T cell-mediated virus inhibition and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) assays, and humanized mouse models. Herein, we extend our prior work and introduce reporter virus technology for applications that require fully functional Nef. We demonstrate that in CD4(+) T cells productively infected with LucR.T2A reporter viruses, T2A peptide-driven Nef expression and function, such as down-regulation of surface CD4 and MHC-I, were impaired. We overcame this limitation of LucR.T2A reporter viruses and achieved physiological Nef expression and function by engineering novel LucR reporter HIV-1 comprising 11 different internal ribosome entry site (IRES) elements chosen for size and relative activity. A range of Nef expression was observed in 293T cells transfected with the different LucR.IRES reporter virus constructs. Iteratively, we identified IRES reporter genomes that expressed Nef closest to physiological levels and produced virus with infectivity, titers, and replication kinetics similar to nonreporter viruses. Our results demonstrated that LucR reporter activity was stable over multiple replication cycles in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Furthermore, we analyzed Nef functionality, i.e., down-modulation of MHC-I and CD4, following infection of T cell lines and PBMCs. Unlike LucR.T2A reporter virus, one of the redesigned LucR.IRES reporter viruses [containing the modified encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) 6ATR IRES element, "6ATRi"] demonstrated Nef expression and function similar to parental "nonreporter" virus. In a previously validated (nef-independent) T cell-based NAb neutralization assay, LucR.6ATRi reporter virus performed indistinguishably from LucR.T2A reporter virus. In summary, reporter viruses comprising the "6ATRi" element promise to augment HIV-1 vaccine and transmission research approaches requiring a sensitive reporter readout combined with wild-type Nef function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael O. Alberti
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Jennifer J. Jones
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Riccardo Miglietta
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Haitao Ding
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Rakesh K. Bakshi
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Tara G. Edmonds
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - John C. Kappes
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
- Center for AIDS Research, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
- Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Research Service, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Christina Ochsenbauer
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
- Center for AIDS Research, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
- Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Research Service, Birmingham, Alabama
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Vaid M, Singh T, Prasad R, Kappes JC, Katiyar SK. Therapeutic intervention of proanthocyanidins on the migration capacity of melanoma cells is mediated through PGE2 receptors and β-catenin signaling molecules. Am J Cancer Res 2015; 5:3325-3338. [PMID: 26807314 PMCID: PMC4697680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is a highly aggressive form of skin cancer and a leading cause of death from skin diseases mainly due to its propensity to metastasis. Due to metastatic tendency, melanoma is often associated with activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling mechanism. Blocking β-catenin activation may be a good strategy to block melanoma-associated mortality. We have shown earlier that grape seed proanthocyanidins (GSPs) inhibit melanoma cell migration via targeting cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) overexpression. Here we explored further whether inhibition of inflammatory mediators-mediated activation of β-catenin by GSPs is associated with the inhibition of melanoma cell migration. Our study revealed that PGE2 receptors (EP2 and EP4) agonists promote melanoma cell migration while PGE2 receptor antagonist suppressed the migration capacity of melanoma cells. GSPs treatment inhibit butaprost (EP2 agonist) or Cay10580 (EP4 agonist) induced migration of melanoma cells. Western blot analysis revealed that GSPs reduced cellular accumulation of β-catenin, and decreased the expressions of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-9 and MITF, downstream targets of β-catenin in melanoma cells. GSPs also reduced the protein expressions of PI3K and p-Akt in the same set of experiment. To verify that β-catenin is a specific molecular target of GSPs, we compared the effect of GSPs on cell migration of β-catenin-activated (Mel1241) and β-catenin-inactivated (Mel1011) melanoma cells. GSPs inhibit cell migration of Mel1241 cells but not of Mel1011 cells. Additionally, in vivo bioluminescence imaging data indicate that dietary administration of GSPs (0.5%, w/w) in supplementation with AIN76A control diet inhibited the migration/extravasation of intravenously injected melanoma cells in lungs of immune-compromised nude mice, and that this effect of GSPs was associated with an inhibitory effect on the activation of β-catenin and its downstream targets, such as MMPs, in lungs as a target organ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mudit Vaid
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at BirminghamBirmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Tripti Singh
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at BirminghamBirmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical CenterBirmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Ram Prasad
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at BirminghamBirmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical CenterBirmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - John C Kappes
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at BirminghamBirmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at BirminghamBirmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Department of Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at BirminghamBirmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical CenterBirmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Santosh K Katiyar
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at BirminghamBirmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Department of Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at BirminghamBirmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical CenterBirmingham, AL 35233, USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Reddy BG, Dai Q, McNicholas CM, Fuller CM, Kappes JC, DeLucas LJ. Expression and purification of the alpha subunit of the epithelial sodium channel, ENaC. Protein Expr Purif 2015; 117:67-75. [PMID: 26394093 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2015.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Revised: 09/05/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) plays a critical role in maintaining Na(+) homeostasis in various tissues throughout the body. An understanding of the structure of the ENaC subunits has been developed from homology modeling based on the related acid sensing ion channel 1 (ASIC1) protein structure, as well as electrophysiological approaches. However, ENaC has several notable functional differences compared to ASIC1, thereby providing justification for determination of its three-dimensional structure. Unfortunately, this goal remains elusive due to several experimental challenges. Of the subunits that comprise a physiological hetero-trimeric αβγENaC, the α-subunit is unique in that it is capable of forming a homo-trimeric structure that conducts Na(+) ions. Despite functional and structural interest in αENaC, a key factor complicating structural studies has been its interaction with multiple other proteins, disrupting its homogeneity. In order to address this issue, a novel protocol was used to reduce the number of proteins that associate and co-purify with αENaC. In this study, we describe a novel expression system coupled with a two-step affinity purification approach using NiNTA, followed by a GFP antibody column as a rapid procedure to improve the purity and yield of rat αENaC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bharat G Reddy
- Center for Biophysical Sciences and Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States
| | - Qun Dai
- Dept. of Biochemistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States; Dept. of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States
| | - Carmel M McNicholas
- Dept. of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States
| | - Catherine M Fuller
- Dept. of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States; Center for Biophysical Sciences and Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States
| | - John C Kappes
- Center for Biophysical Sciences and Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States; Dept. of Biochemistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States; Dept. of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States; Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Research Service, Birmingham, AL 35233, United States
| | - Lawrence J DeLucas
- Dept. of Optometry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States; Center for Biophysical Sciences and Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Baxter AE, Russell RA, Duncan CJA, Moore MD, Willberg CB, Pablos JL, Finzi A, Kaufmann DE, Ochsenbauer C, Kappes JC, Groot F, Sattentau QJ. Macrophage infection via selective capture of HIV-1-infected CD4+ T cells. Cell Host Microbe 2014; 16:711-21. [PMID: 25467409 PMCID: PMC4271767 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2014.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Revised: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages contribute to HIV-1 pathogenesis by forming a viral reservoir and mediating neurological disorders. Cell-free HIV-1 infection of macrophages is inefficient, in part due to low plasma membrane expression of viral entry receptors. We find that macrophages selectively capture and engulf HIV-1-infected CD4+ T cells leading to efficient macrophage infection. Infected T cells, both healthy and dead or dying, were taken up through viral envelope glycoprotein-receptor-independent interactions, implying a mechanism distinct from conventional virological synapse formation. Macrophages infected by this cell-to-cell route were highly permissive for both CCR5-using macrophage-tropic and otherwise weakly macrophage-tropic transmitted/founder viruses but restrictive for nonmacrophage-tropic CXCR4-using virus. These results have implications for establishment of the macrophage reservoir and HIV-1 dissemination in vivo. Macrophages selectively capture and engulf HIV-1-infected T cells Uptake of HIV-1-infected T cells drives efficient macrophage infection T cell capture is viral Env independent; macrophage infection is Env-receptor dependent This represents a route for macrophage infection by transmitted/founder viruses
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amy E Baxter
- The Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK; Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, H2X 0A9, Canada; Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Rebecca A Russell
- The Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Christopher J A Duncan
- The Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Michael D Moore
- The Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Christian B Willberg
- The Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, The Nuffield Department of Medicine, The University of Oxford, Headley Way, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Jose L Pablos
- Servicio de Reumatología, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid 28041, Spain
| | - Andrés Finzi
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, H2X 0A9, Canada; Department of Microbiology, Infection and Immunology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Daniel E Kaufmann
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, H2X 0A9, Canada; Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, H2X 0A9, Canada; The Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02114, USA
| | - Christina Ochsenbauer
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - John C Kappes
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Fedde Groot
- The Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Quentin J Sattentau
- The Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Brosius SN, Turk AN, Byer SJ, Longo JF, Kappes JC, Roth KA, Carroll SL. Combinatorial therapy with tamoxifen and trifluoperazine effectively inhibits malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor growth by targeting complementary signaling cascades. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2014; 73:1078-90. [PMID: 25289889 PMCID: PMC4458069 DOI: 10.1097/nen.0000000000000126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapeutic agents effective against malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs) are urgently needed. We recently found that tamoxifen potently impedes xenograft growth. In vitro, tamoxifen inhibits MPNST proliferation and survival in an estrogen receptor-independent manner; these effects are phenocopied by the calmodulin inhibitor trifluoperazine. The present study was performed to establish the mechanism of action of tamoxifen in vivo and optimize its therapeutic effectiveness. To determine if tamoxifen has estrogen receptor-dependent effects in vivo, we grafted MPNST cells in castrated and ovariectomized mice; xenograft growth was unaffected by reductions in sex hormones. To establish whether tamoxifen and trifluoperazine additively or synergistically impede MPNST growth, mice xenografted with neurofibromatosis type 1-associated or sporadic MPNST cells were treated with tamoxifen, trifluoperazine, or both drugs for 30 days. Both monotherapies inhibited graft growth by 50%, whereas combinatorial treatment maximally reduced graft mass by 90% and enhanced decreases in proliferation and survival. Kinomic analyses showed that tamoxifen and trifluoperazine have both shared and distinct targets in MPNSTs. In addition, trifluoperazine prevented tamoxifen-induced increases in serum/glucocorticoid regulated kinase 1, a protein linked to tamoxifen resistance. These findings suggest that combinatorial therapy with tamoxifen and trifluoperazine is effective against MPNSTs because these agents target complementary pathways that are essential for MPNST pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie N. Brosius
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Amy N. Turk
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Stephanie J. Byer
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Jody Fromm Longo
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - John C. Kappes
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Kevin A. Roth
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Steven L. Carroll
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Sainski AM, Dai H, Natesampillai S, Pang YP, Bren GD, Cummins NW, Correia C, Meng XW, Tarara JE, Ramirez-Alvarado M, Katzmann DJ, Ochsenbauer C, Kappes JC, Kaufmann SH, Badley AD. Casp8p41 generated by HIV protease kills CD4 T cells through direct Bak activation. J Biophys Biochem Cytol 2014. [PMCID: PMC4195834 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.20140505109252014c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
|
33
|
Sainski AM, Dai H, Natesampillai S, Pang YP, Bren GD, Cummins NW, Correia C, Meng XW, Tarara JE, Ramirez-Alvarado M, Katzmann DJ, Ochsenbauer C, Kappes JC, Kaufmann SH, Badley AD. Casp8p41 generated by HIV protease kills CD4 T cells through direct Bak activation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 206:867-76. [PMID: 25246614 PMCID: PMC4178959 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201405051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
HIV protease converts procaspase 8 into Casp8p41, which binds and activates Bak to induce cell death in infected CD4 T cells. Previous studies have shown that human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) protease cleaves procaspase 8 to a fragment, termed Casp8p41, that lacks caspase activity but nonetheless contributes to T cell apoptosis. Herein, we show that Casp8p41 contains a domain that interacts with the BH3-binding groove of pro-apoptotic Bak to cause Bak oligomerization, Bak-mediated membrane permeabilization, and cell death. Levels of active Bak are higher in HIV-infected T cells that express Casp8p41. Conversely, targeted mutations in the Bak-interacting domain diminish Bak binding and Casp8p41-mediated cell death. Similar mutations in procaspase 8 impair the ability of HIV to kill infected T cells. These observations support a novel paradigm in which HIV converts a normal cellular constituent into a direct activator that functions like a BH3-only protein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amy M Sainski
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experiment Therapeutics, Division of Oncology Research, Division of Infectious Diseases, and Department of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294 Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experiment Therapeutics, Division of Oncology Research, Division of Infectious Diseases, and Department of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Haiming Dai
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experiment Therapeutics, Division of Oncology Research, Division of Infectious Diseases, and Department of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Sekar Natesampillai
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experiment Therapeutics, Division of Oncology Research, Division of Infectious Diseases, and Department of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Yuan-Ping Pang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experiment Therapeutics, Division of Oncology Research, Division of Infectious Diseases, and Department of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Gary D Bren
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experiment Therapeutics, Division of Oncology Research, Division of Infectious Diseases, and Department of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Nathan W Cummins
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experiment Therapeutics, Division of Oncology Research, Division of Infectious Diseases, and Department of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Cristina Correia
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experiment Therapeutics, Division of Oncology Research, Division of Infectious Diseases, and Department of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - X Wei Meng
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experiment Therapeutics, Division of Oncology Research, Division of Infectious Diseases, and Department of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294 Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experiment Therapeutics, Division of Oncology Research, Division of Infectious Diseases, and Department of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - James E Tarara
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester MN 55905
| | - Marina Ramirez-Alvarado
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester MN 55905
| | - David J Katzmann
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester MN 55905
| | - Christina Ochsenbauer
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experiment Therapeutics, Division of Oncology Research, Division of Infectious Diseases, and Department of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - John C Kappes
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experiment Therapeutics, Division of Oncology Research, Division of Infectious Diseases, and Department of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Scott H Kaufmann
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experiment Therapeutics, Division of Oncology Research, Division of Infectious Diseases, and Department of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294 Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experiment Therapeutics, Division of Oncology Research, Division of Infectious Diseases, and Department of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Andrew D Badley
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experiment Therapeutics, Division of Oncology Research, Division of Infectious Diseases, and Department of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester MN 55905
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Hildebrandt E, Zhang Q, Cant N, Ding H, Dai Q, Peng L, Fu Y, DeLucas LJ, Ford R, Kappes JC, Urbatsch IL. A survey of detergents for the purification of stable, active human cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). Biochim Biophys Acta 2014; 1838:2825-37. [PMID: 25065669 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2014.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Revised: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Structural knowledge of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) requires developing methods to purify and stabilize this aggregation-prone membrane protein above 1mg/ml. Starting with green fluorescent protein- and epitope-tagged human CFTR produced in mammalian cells known to properly fold and process CFTR, we devised a rapid tandem affinity purification scheme to minimize CFTR exposure to detergent in order to preserve its ATPase function. We compared a panel of detergents, including widely used detergents (maltosides, neopentyl glycols (MNG), C12E8, lysolipids, Chaps) and innovative detergents (branched alkylmaltosides, facial amphiphiles) for CFTR purification, function, monodispersity and stability. ATPase activity after reconstitution into proteoliposomes was 2-3 times higher when CFTR was purified using facial amphiphiles. ATPase activity was also demonstrated in purified CFTR samples without detergent removal using a novel lipid supplementation assay. By electron microscopy, negatively stained CFTR samples were monodisperse at low concentration, and size exclusion chromatography showed a predominance of monomer even after CFTR concentration above 1mg/ml. Rates of CFTR aggregation quantified in an electrophoretic mobility shift assay showed that detergents which best preserved reconstituted ATPase activity also supported the greatest stability, with CFTR monomer half-lives of 6-9days in MNG or Chaps, and 12-17days in facial amphiphile. Cryoelectron microscopy of concentrated CFTR in MNG or facial amphiphile confirmed mostly monomeric protein, producing low resolution reconstructions in conformity with similar proteins. These protocols can be used to generate samples of pure, functional, stable CFTR at concentrations amenable to biophysical characterization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Hildebrandt
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry and Center for Membrane Protein Research, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, Stop 6540, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - Qinghai Zhang
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Natasha Cant
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Haitao Ding
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 701 19th Street South, Birmingham, AL 35294-0007, USA
| | - Qun Dai
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 701 19th Street South, Birmingham, AL 35294-0007, USA
| | - Lingling Peng
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Yu Fu
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Lawrence J DeLucas
- Department of Optometry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 701 19th Street South, Birmingham, AL 35294-0007, USA
| | - Robert Ford
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - John C Kappes
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 701 19th Street South, Birmingham, AL 35294-0007, USA; Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 701 19th Street South, Birmingham, AL 35294-0007, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 701 19th Street South, Birmingham, AL 35294-0007, USA; Birmingham Veterans Medical Center, Research Service, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Ina L Urbatsch
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry and Center for Membrane Protein Research, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, Stop 6540, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Yang Z, Wang C, Zhou Q, An J, Hildebrandt E, Aleksandrov LA, Kappes JC, DeLucas LJ, Riordan JR, Urbatsch IL, Hunt JF, Brouillette CG. Membrane protein stability can be compromised by detergent interactions with the extramembranous soluble domains. Protein Sci 2014; 23:769-89. [PMID: 24652590 PMCID: PMC4093953 DOI: 10.1002/pro.2460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2013] [Revised: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Detergent interaction with extramembranous soluble domains (ESDs) is not commonly considered an important determinant of integral membrane protein (IMP) behavior during purification and crystallization, even though ESDs contribute to the stability of many IMPs. Here we demonstrate that some generally nondenaturing detergents critically destabilize a model ESD, the first nucleotide-binding domain (NBD1) from the human cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), a model IMP. Notably, the detergents show equivalent trends in their influence on the stability of isolated NBD1 and full-length CFTR. We used differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy to monitor changes in NBD1 stability and secondary structure, respectively, during titration with a series of detergents. Their effective harshness in these assays mirrors that widely accepted for their interaction with IMPs, i.e., anionic > zwitterionic > nonionic. It is noteworthy that including lipids or nonionic detergents is shown to mitigate detergent harshness, as will limiting contact time. We infer three thermodynamic mechanisms from the observed thermal destabilization by monomer or micelle: (i) binding to the unfolded state with no change in the native structure (all detergent classes); (ii) native state binding that alters thermodynamic properties and perhaps conformation (nonionic detergents); and (iii) detergent binding that directly leads to denaturation of the native state (anionic and zwitterionic). These results demonstrate that the accepted model for the harshness of detergents applies to their interaction with an ESD. It is concluded that destabilization of extramembranous soluble domains by specific detergents will influence the stability of some IMPs during purification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengrong Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama at BirminghamBirmingham, Alabama
- Center for Structural Biology, University of Alabama at BirminghamBirmingham, Alabama
| | - Chi Wang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia UniversityNew York, New York
| | - Qingxian Zhou
- Center for Structural Biology, University of Alabama at BirminghamBirmingham, Alabama
| | - Jianli An
- Center for Structural Biology, University of Alabama at BirminghamBirmingham, Alabama
| | - Ellen Hildebrandt
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences CenterLubbock, Texas
| | - Luba A Aleksandrov
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel Hill, North Carolina
- Cystic Fibrosis Treatment and Research Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - John C Kappes
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at BirminghamBirmingham, Alabama
- Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Research ServiceBirmingham, Alabama
| | - Lawrence J DeLucas
- Center for Structural Biology, University of Alabama at BirminghamBirmingham, Alabama
- Department of Optometry, University of Alabama at BirminghamBirmingham, Alabama
| | - John R Riordan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel Hill, North Carolina
- Cystic Fibrosis Treatment and Research Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Ina L Urbatsch
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences CenterLubbock, Texas
- Center for Membrane Protein Research, Texas Tech University Health Sciences CenterLubbock, TX
| | - John F Hunt
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia UniversityNew York, New York
| | - Christie G Brouillette
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama at BirminghamBirmingham, Alabama
- Center for Structural Biology, University of Alabama at BirminghamBirmingham, Alabama
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Sarzotti-Kelsoe M, Daniell X, Todd CA, Bilska M, Martelli A, LaBranche C, Perez LG, Ochsenbauer C, Kappes JC, Rountree W, Denny TN, Montefiori DC. Optimization and validation of a neutralizing antibody assay for HIV-1 in A3R5 cells. J Immunol Methods 2014; 409:147-60. [PMID: 24607608 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2014.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2013] [Revised: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A3R5 is a human CD4(+) lymphoblastoid cell line that was engineered to express CCR5 and is useful for the detection of weak neutralizing antibody responses against tier 2 strains of HIV-1. Here we describe the optimization and validation of the HIV-1 neutralizing antibody assay that utilizes A3R5 cells, performed in compliance with Good Clinical Laboratory Practice (GCLP) guidelines. The assay utilizes Renilla luciferase-expressing replication competent infectious molecular clones (IMC) encoding heterologous env genes from different HIV-1 clades. Key assay validation parameters tested included specificity, accuracy, precision, limit of detection and quantitation, specificity, linearity and range, and robustness. Plasma samples demonstrated higher non-specific activity than serum samples in the A3R5 assay. This assay can tolerate a wide range of virus input but is more sensitive to cell concentration. The higher sensitivity of the A3R5 assay in neutralization responses to tier 2 strains of HIV-1 makes it complementary to, but not a substitute for the TZM-bl assay. The validated A3R5 assay is employed as an endpoint immunogenicity test for vaccine-elicited neutralizing antibodies against tier 2 strains of HIV-1, and to identify correlates of protection in HIV-1 vaccine trials conducted globally.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcella Sarzotti-Kelsoe
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA; Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - Xiaoju Daniell
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Miroslawa Bilska
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Amanda Martelli
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Celia LaBranche
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Lautaro G Perez
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - John C Kappes
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Fenton-May AE, Dibben O, Emmerich T, Ding H, Pfafferott K, Aasa-Chapman MM, Pellegrino P, Williams I, Cohen MS, Gao F, Shaw GM, Hahn BH, Ochsenbauer C, Kappes JC, Borrow P. Relative resistance of HIV-1 founder viruses to control by interferon-alpha. Retrovirology 2013; 10:146. [PMID: 24299076 PMCID: PMC3907080 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-10-146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Accepted: 11/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Following mucosal human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) transmission, type 1 interferons (IFNs) are rapidly induced at sites of initial virus replication in the mucosa and draining lymph nodes. However, the role played by IFN-stimulated antiviral activity in restricting HIV-1 replication during the initial stages of infection is not clear. We hypothesized that if type 1 IFNs exert selective pressure on HIV-1 replication in the earliest stages of infection, the founder viruses that succeed in establishing systemic infection would be more IFN-resistant than viruses replicating during chronic infection, when type 1 IFNs are produced at much lower levels. To address this hypothesis, the relative resistance of virus isolates derived from HIV-1-infected individuals during acute and chronic infection to control by type 1 IFNs was analysed. Results The replication of plasma virus isolates generated from subjects acutely infected with HIV-1 and molecularly cloned founder HIV-1 strains could be reduced but not fully suppressed by type 1 IFNs in vitro. The mean IC50 value for IFNα2 (22 U/ml) was lower than that for IFNβ (346 U/ml), although at maximally-inhibitory concentrations both IFN subtypes inhibited virus replication to similar extents. Individual virus isolates exhibited differential susceptibility to inhibition by IFNα2 and IFNβ, likely reflecting variation in resistance to differentially up-regulated IFN-stimulated genes. Virus isolates from subjects acutely infected with HIV-1 were significantly more resistant to in vitro control by IFNα than virus isolates generated from the same individuals during chronic, asymptomatic infection. Viral IFN resistance declined rapidly after the acute phase of infection: in five subjects, viruses derived from six-month consensus molecular clones were significantly more sensitive to the antiviral effects of IFNs than the corresponding founder viruses. Conclusions The establishment of systemic HIV-1 infection by relatively IFNα-resistant founder viruses lends strong support to the hypothesis that IFNα plays an important role in the control of HIV-1 replication during the earliest stages of infection, prior to systemic viral spread. These findings suggest that it may be possible to harness the antiviral activity of type 1 IFNs in prophylactic and potentially also therapeutic strategies to combat HIV-1 infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angharad E Fenton-May
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, NDM Research Building, Old Road Campus, Headington, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Chenine AL, Wieczorek L, Sanders-Buell E, Wesberry M, Towle T, Pillis DM, Molnar S, McLinden R, Edmonds T, Hirsch I, O’Connell R, McCutchan FE, Montefiori DC, Ochsenbauer C, Kappes JC, Kim JH, Polonis VR, Tovanabutra S. Impact of HIV-1 backbone on neutralization sensitivity: neutralization profiles of heterologous envelope glycoproteins expressed in native subtype C and CRF01_AE backbone. PLoS One 2013; 8:e76104. [PMID: 24312165 PMCID: PMC3843658 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0076104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2013] [Accepted: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Standardized assays to assess vaccine and antiviral drug efficacy are critical for the development of protective HIV-1 vaccines and drugs. These immune assays will be advanced by the development of standardized viral stocks, such as HIV-1 infectious molecular clones (IMC), that i) express a reporter gene, ii) are representative of globally diverse subtypes and iii) are engineered to easily exchange envelope (env) genes for expression of sequences of interest. Thus far, a subtype B IMC backbone expressing Renilla luciferase (LucR), and into which the ectodomain of heterologous env coding sequences can be expressed has been successfully developed but as execution of HIV-1 vaccine efficacy trials shifts increasingly to non-subtype B epidemics (Southern African and Southeast Asia), non-subtype B HIV-1 reagents are needed to support vaccine development. Here we describe two IMCs derived from subtypes C and CRF01_AE HIV-1 primary isolates expressing LucR (IMC.LucR) that were engineered to express heterologous gp160 Envs. 18 constructs expressing various subtypes C and CRF01_AE Envs, mostly acute, in subtype-matched and -unmatched HIV backbones were tested for functionality and neutralization sensitivity. Our results suggest a possible effect of non-env HIV-1 genes on the interaction of Env and neutralizing antibodies and highlight the need to generate a library of IMCs representative of the HIV-1 subtype spectrum to be used as standardized neutralization assay reagents for assessing HIV-1 vaccine efficacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agnès-Laurence Chenine
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- Military HIV Research Program, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Lindsay Wieczorek
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- Military HIV Research Program, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Eric Sanders-Buell
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- Military HIV Research Program, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Maggie Wesberry
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- Military HIV Research Program, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Teresa Towle
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- Military HIV Research Program, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Devin M. Pillis
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- Military HIV Research Program, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Sebastian Molnar
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- Military HIV Research Program, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Robert McLinden
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- Military HIV Research Program, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Tara Edmonds
- University of Alabama, Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Ivan Hirsch
- Inserm UMR891, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Robert O’Connell
- Military HIV Research Program, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | | | | | | | - John C. Kappes
- University of Alabama, Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Jerome H. Kim
- Military HIV Research Program, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Victoria R. Polonis
- Military HIV Research Program, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Sodsai Tovanabutra
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- Military HIV Research Program, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
McLinden RJ, LaBranche CC, Chenine AL, Polonis VR, Eller MA, Wieczorek L, Ochsenbauer C, Kappes JC, Perfetto S, Montefiori DC, Michael NL, Kim JH. Detection of HIV-1 neutralizing antibodies in a human CD4⁺/CXCR4⁺/CCR5⁺ T-lymphoblastoid cell assay system. PLoS One 2013; 8:e77756. [PMID: 24312168 PMCID: PMC3842913 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensitive assays are needed to meaningfully assess low levels of neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) that may be important for protection against the acquisition of HIV-1 infection in vaccine recipients. The current assay of choice uses a non-lymphoid cell line (TZM-bl) that may lack sensitivity owing to over expression of CD4 and CCR5. We used transfection of a human CD4+/CXCR4+/α4β7+ T-lymphoblastoid cell line (A3.01) with a CMV IE promoter-driven CCR5neo vector to stably express CCR5. The resulting line, designated A3R5, is permissive to a wide range of CCR5-tropic circulating strains of HIV-1, including HIV-1 molecular clones containing a Tat-inducible Renilla luciferase reporter gene and expressing multiple Env subtypes. Flow cytometric analysis found CCR5 surface expression on A3R5 cells to be markedly less than TZM-bl but similar to CD3.8 stimulated PBMC. More importantly, neutralization mediated by a diverse panel of monoclonal antibodies, HIV-1 positive polyclonal sera and sCD4 was consistently greater in A3R5 compared to TZM-bl cells. The A3R5 cell line provides a novel approach to guide the development and qualification of promising new HIV-1 vaccine immunogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert J. McLinden
- Military HIV- Research Program, WRAIR, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Celia C. LaBranche
- Department of Surgery, Duke U. Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Agnès-Laurence Chenine
- Military HIV- Research Program, WRAIR, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Victoria R. Polonis
- Military HIV- Research Program, WRAIR, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Michael A. Eller
- Military HIV- Research Program, WRAIR, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Lindsay Wieczorek
- Military HIV- Research Program, WRAIR, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Christina Ochsenbauer
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - John C. Kappes
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Research Service, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Stephen Perfetto
- Vaccine Research Center, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - David C. Montefiori
- Department of Surgery, Duke U. Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Nelson L. Michael
- Military HIV- Research Program, WRAIR, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jerome H. Kim
- Military HIV- Research Program, WRAIR, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Zhang S, Blount AC, McNicholas CM, Skinner DF, Chestnut M, Kappes JC, Sorscher EJ, Woodworth BA. Resveratrol enhances airway surface liquid depth in sinonasal epithelium by increasing cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator open probability. PLoS One 2013; 8:e81589. [PMID: 24282612 PMCID: PMC3839872 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0081589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2013] [Accepted: 10/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic rhinosinusitis engenders enormous morbidity in the general population, and is often refractory to medical intervention. Compounds that augment mucociliary clearance in airway epithelia represent a novel treatment strategy for diseases of mucus stasis. A dominant fluid and electrolyte secretory pathway in the nasal airways is governed by the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). The objectives of the present study were to test resveratrol, a strong potentiator of CFTR channel open probability, in preparation for a clinical trial of mucociliary activators in human sinus disease. METHODS Primary sinonasal epithelial cells, immortalized bronchoepithelial cells (wild type and F508del CFTR), and HEK293 cells expressing exogenous human CFTR were investigated by Ussing chamber as well as patch clamp technique under non-phosphorylating conditions. Effects on airway surface liquid depth were measured using confocal laser scanning microscopy. Impact on CFTR gene expression was measured by quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Resveratrol is a robust CFTR channel potentiator in numerous mammalian species. The compound also activated temperature corrected F508del CFTR and enhanced CFTR-dependent chloride secretion in human sinus epithelium ex vivo to an extent comparable to the recently approved CFTR potentiator, ivacaftor. Using inside out patches from apical membranes of murine cells, resveratrol stimulated an ~8 picosiemens chloride channel consistent with CFTR. This observation was confirmed in HEK293 cells expressing exogenous CFTR. Treatment of sinonasal epithelium resulted in a significant increase in airway surface liquid depth (in µm: 8.08+/-1.68 vs. 6.11+/-0.47,control,p<0.05). There was no increase CFTR mRNA. CONCLUSION Resveratrol is a potent chloride secretagogue from the mucosal surface of sinonasal epithelium, and hydrates airway surface liquid by increasing CFTR channel open probability. The foundation for a clinical trial utilizing resveratrol as a therapeutic intervention to increase mucociliary transport and airway surface liquid hydration in sinus disease is strongly supported by these findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaoyan Zhang
- Department of Surgery/Division of Otolaryngology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Angela C. Blount
- Department of Surgery/Division of Otolaryngology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Carmel M. McNicholas
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Daniel F. Skinner
- Department of Surgery/Division of Otolaryngology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Michael Chestnut
- Department of Surgery/Division of Otolaryngology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - John C. Kappes
- Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Eric J. Sorscher
- Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Bradford A. Woodworth
- Department of Surgery/Division of Otolaryngology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Denning W, Das S, Guo S, Xu J, Kappes JC, Hel Z. Optimization of the transductional efficiency of lentiviral vectors: effect of sera and polycations. Mol Biotechnol 2013; 53:308-14. [PMID: 22407723 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-012-9528-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Lentiviral vectors are widely used as effective gene-delivery vehicles. Optimization of the conditions for efficient lentiviral transduction is of a high importance for a variety of research applications. Presence of positively charged polycations reduces the electrostatic repulsion forces between a negatively charged cell and an approaching enveloped lentiviral particle resulting in an increase in the transduction efficiency. Although a variety of polycations are commonly used to enhance the transduction with retroviruses, the relative effect of various types of polycations on the efficiency of transduction and on the potential bias in the determination of titer of lentiviral vectors is not fully understood. Here, we present data suggesting that DEAE-dextran provides superior results in enhancing lentiviral transduction of most tested cell lines and primary cell cultures. Specific type and source of serum affects the efficiency of transduction of target cell populations. Non-specific binding of enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP)-containing membrane aggregates in the presence of DEAE-dextran does not significantly affect the determination of the titer of EGFP-expressing lentiviral vectors. In conclusion, various polycations and types of sera should be tested when optimizing lentiviral transduction of target cell populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Warren Denning
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294-2182, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Liu WM, Huang P, Kar N, Burgett M, Muller-Greven G, Nowacki AS, Distelhorst CW, Lathia JD, Rich JN, Kappes JC, Gladson CL. Lyn facilitates glioblastoma cell survival under conditions of nutrient deprivation by promoting autophagy. PLoS One 2013; 8:e70804. [PMID: 23936469 PMCID: PMC3732228 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0070804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2013] [Accepted: 05/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the Src family kinases (SFK) can modulate diverse cellular processes, including division, death and survival, but their role in autophagy has been minimally explored. Here, we investigated the roles of Lyn, a SFK, in promoting the survival of human glioblastoma tumor (GBM) cells in vitro and in vivo using lentiviral vector-mediated expression of constitutively-active Lyn (CA-Lyn) or dominant-negative Lyn (DN-Lyn). Expression of either CA-Lyn or DN-Lyn had no effect on the survival of U87 GBM cells grown under nutrient-rich conditions. In contrast, under nutrient-deprived conditions (absence of supplementation with L-glutamine, which is essential for growth of GBM cells, and FBS) CA-Lyn expression enhanced survival and promoted autophagy as well as inhibiting cell death and promoting proliferation. Expression of DN-Lyn promoted cell death. In the nutrient-deprived GBM cells, CA-Lyn expression enhanced AMPK activity and reduced the levels of pS6 kinase whereas DN-Lyn enhanced the levels of pS6 kinase. Similar results were obtained in vitro using another cultured GBM cell line and primary glioma stem cells. On propagation of the transduced GBM cells in the brains of nude mice, the CA-Lyn xenografts formed larger tumors than control cells and autophagosomes were detectable in the tumor cells. The DN-Lyn xenografts formed smaller tumors and contained more apoptotic cells. Our findings suggest that on nutrient deprivation in vitro Lyn acts to enhance the survival of GBM cells by promoting autophagy and proliferation as well as inhibiting cell death, and Lyn promotes the same effects in vivo in xenograft tumors. As the levels of Lyn protein or its activity are elevated in several cancers these findings may be of broad relevance to cancer biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Michael Liu
- Department of Cancer Biology, The Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Ping Huang
- Department of Cancer Biology, The Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Niladri Kar
- Department of Cancer Biology, The Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Monica Burgett
- Department of Cancer Biology, The Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Gaelle Muller-Greven
- Department of Cancer Biology, The Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Amy S. Nowacki
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Clark W. Distelhorst
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Justin D. Lathia
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Jeremy N. Rich
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - John C. Kappes
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Candece L. Gladson
- Department of Cancer Biology, The Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Seay K, Qi X, Zheng JH, Zhang C, Chen K, Dutta M, Deneroff K, Ochsenbauer C, Kappes JC, Littman DR, Goldstein H. Mice transgenic for CD4-specific human CD4, CCR5 and cyclin T1 expression: a new model for investigating HIV-1 transmission and treatment efficacy. PLoS One 2013; 8:e63537. [PMID: 23691059 PMCID: PMC3655194 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0063537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2013] [Accepted: 04/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mice cannot be used to evaluate HIV-1 therapeutics and vaccines because they are not infectible by HIV-1 due to structural differences between several human and mouse proteins required for HIV-1 entry and replication including CD4, CCR5 and cyclin T1. We overcame this limitation by constructing mice with CD4 enhancer/promoter-regulated human CD4, CCR5 and cyclin T1 genes integrated as tightly linked transgenes (hCD4/R5/cT1 mice) promoting their efficient co-transmission and enabling the murine CD4-expressing cells to support HIV-1 entry and Tat-mediated LTR transcription. All of the hCD4/R5/cT1 mice developed disseminated infection of tissues that included the spleen, small intestine, lymph nodes and lungs after intravenous injection with an HIV-1 infectious molecular clone (HIV-IMC) expressing Renilla reniformis luciferase (LucR). Furthermore, localized infection of cervical-vaginal mucosal leukocytes developed after intravaginal inoculation of hCD4/R5/cT1 mice with the LucR-expressing HIV-IMC. hCD4/R5/cT1 mice reproducibly developed in vivo infection after inoculation with LucR-expressing HIV-IMC which could be bioluminescently quantified and visualized with a high sensitivity and specificity which enabled them to be used to evaluate the efficacy of HIV-1 therapeutics. Treatment with highly active anti-retroviral therapy or one dose of VRC01, a broadly neutralizing anti-HIV-1 antibody, almost completed inhibited acute systemic HIV-1 infection of the hCD4/R5/cT1 mice. hCD4/R5/cT1 mice could also be used to evaluate the capacity of therapies delivered by gene therapy to inhibit in vivo HIV infection. VRC01 secreted in vivo by primary B cells transduced with a VRC01-encoding lentivirus transplanted into hCD4/R5/cT1 mice markedly inhibited infection after intravenous challenge with LucR-expressing HIV-IMC. The reproducible infection of CD4/R5/cT1 mice with LucR-expressing HIV-IMC after intravenous or mucosal inoculation combined with the availability of LucR-expressing HIV-IMC expressing transmitted/founder and clade A/E and C Envs will provide researchers with a highly accessible pre-clinical in vivo HIV-1-infection model to study HIV-1 acquisition, treatment, and prevention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kieran Seay
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Xiaohua Qi
- Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Jian Hua Zheng
- Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Cong Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Ken Chen
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Monica Dutta
- Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Kathryn Deneroff
- Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Christina Ochsenbauer
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - John C. Kappes
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Research Service, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Dan R. Littman
- Molecular Pathogenesis Program, Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Harris Goldstein
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Parrish NF, Li H, Hora B, Berg A, Wilen CB, Decker J, Iyer SS, Zajic L, O’Brien M, Salazar-Gonzalez JF, Salazar MG, Parrish EH, Ding H, Kumar A, Ochsenbauer C, Bhardwaj N, Doms RW, Kappes JC, Gao F, Haynes BF, Korber B, Hahn BH, Shaw GM. C106 Distinguishing Features of Transmitted/Founder HIV-1. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2013. [DOI: 10.1097/01.qai.0000429225.92253.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
45
|
Yarlagadda S, Zhang W, Penmatsa H, Ren A, Arora K, Naren AP, Khan FAI, Donnellan CA, Srinivasan S, Stokes DC, Kappes JC. A young Hispanic with c.1646G>A mutation exhibits severe cystic fibrosis lung disease: is ivacaftor an option for therapy? Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2013; 186:694-6. [PMID: 23027855 DOI: 10.1164/ajrccm.186.7.694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
|
46
|
Merbah M, Arakelyan A, Edmonds T, Ochsenbauer C, Kappes JC, Shattock RJ, Grivel JC, Margolis LB. HIV-1 expressing the envelopes of transmitted/founder or control/reference viruses have similar infection patterns of CD4 T-cells in human cervical tissue ex vivo. PLoS One 2012; 7:e50839. [PMID: 23236398 PMCID: PMC3516523 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0050839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2012] [Accepted: 10/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, it was found that 80% of sexual HIV-1 transmissions are established by a single virion/viral genome. To investigate whether the transmitted/founder (T/F) viruses have specific biological properties favoring sexual transmission, we inoculated human cervical tissue explants with isogenic HIV-1 viruses encoding Env sequences from T/F and control reference (C/R) HIV-1 variants as well as with full length T/F HIV-1 and compared their replication efficiencies, T cell depletion, and the activation status of infected cells. We found that all the HIV-1 variants were capable of transmitting infection to cervical tissue ex vivo and in this system preferentially replicate in activated CD4 T cells and deplete these cells. There was no difference in the biological properties of T/F and C/R HIV-1 variants as evaluated in ex vivo cervical tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Merbah
- Section of Intercellular Interactions, Program in Physical Biology, Eunice-Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Anush Arakelyan
- Section of Intercellular Interactions, Program in Physical Biology, Eunice-Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Tara Edmonds
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | | | - John C. Kappes
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | | | - Jean-Charles Grivel
- Section of Intercellular Interactions, Program in Physical Biology, Eunice-Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Leonid B. Margolis
- Section of Intercellular Interactions, Program in Physical Biology, Eunice-Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Dietrich EA, Gebhard KH, Fasching CE, Giacaman RA, Kappes JC, Ross KF, Herzberg MC. Short communication: HIV type 1 escapes inactivation by saliva via rapid escape into oral epithelial cells. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2012; 28:1574-8. [PMID: 22077822 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2011.0069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Saliva contains anti-HIV-1 factors, which show unclear efficacy in thwarting mucosal infection. When incubated in fresh, unfractionated whole saliva, infectious HIV-1 IIIb and BaL (X4- and R5-tropic, respectively) persisted from 4 to at least 30 min in a saliva concentration-dependent manner. In salivary supernatant for up to 6 h, both infectious HIV-1 strains "escaped" into immortalized oral epithelial cells; infectious BaL showed selectively enhanced escape in the presence of saliva. Fluorescently labeled HIV-1 virus-like particles entered oral epithelial cells within minutes of exposure. Using a previously unrecognized mechanism, therefore, strains of HIV-1 escape inactivation by saliva via rapid uptake into oral epithelial cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A. Dietrich
- University of Minnesota School of Dentistry, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- The Mucosal and Vaccine Research Center, Minneapolis VA Medical Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Kristin H. Gebhard
- University of Minnesota School of Dentistry, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- The Mucosal and Vaccine Research Center, Minneapolis VA Medical Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Claudine E. Fasching
- The Mucosal and Vaccine Research Center, Minneapolis VA Medical Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Rodrigo A. Giacaman
- University of Minnesota School of Dentistry, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- The Mucosal and Vaccine Research Center, Minneapolis VA Medical Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - John C. Kappes
- Departments of Medicine, Microbiology, and Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
- Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Research Service, Birmingham, Alabama 352335
| | - Karen F. Ross
- University of Minnesota School of Dentistry, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- The Mucosal and Vaccine Research Center, Minneapolis VA Medical Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Mark C. Herzberg
- University of Minnesota School of Dentistry, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- The Mucosal and Vaccine Research Center, Minneapolis VA Medical Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Mohanan V, Temburni MK, Kappes JC, Galileo DS. L1CAM stimulates glioma cell motility and proliferation through the fibroblast growth factor receptor. Clin Exp Metastasis 2012; 30:507-20. [DOI: 10.1007/s10585-012-9555-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2012] [Accepted: 11/17/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
49
|
Baalwa J, Wang S, Parrish NF, Decker JM, Keele BF, Learn GH, Yue L, Ruzagira E, Ssemwanga D, Kamali A, Amornkul PN, Price MA, Kappes JC, Karita E, Kaleebu P, Sanders E, Gilmour J, Allen S, Hunter E, Montefiori DC, Haynes BF, Cormier E, Hahn BH, Shaw GM. Molecular identification, cloning and characterization of transmitted/founder HIV-1 subtype A, D and A/D infectious molecular clones. Virology 2012; 436:33-48. [PMID: 23123038 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2012.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2012] [Revised: 09/25/2012] [Accepted: 10/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We report the molecular identification, cloning and initial biological characterization of 12 full-length HIV-1 subtype A, D and A/D recombinant transmitted/founder (T/F) genomes. T/F genomes contained intact canonical open reading frames and all T/F viruses were replication competent in primary human T-cells, although subtype D virus replication was more efficient (p<0.05). All 12 viruses utilized CCR5 but not CXCR4 as a co-receptor for entry and exhibited a neutralization profile typical of tier 2 primary virus strains, with significant differences observed between subtype A and D viruses with respect to sensitivity to monoclonal antibodies VRC01, PG9 and PG16 and polyclonal subtype C anti-HIV IgG (p<0.05 for each). The present report doubles the number of T/F HIV-1 clones available for pathogenesis and vaccine research and extends their representation to include subtypes A, B, C and D.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Baalwa
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Jain S, Ochsenbauer C, Kappes JC, Rosenthal KL. Anti-gp41 antibodies inhibit infection and transcytosis of HIV-1 infectious molecular clones expressing transmitted/founder envelopes. Retrovirology 2012. [PMCID: PMC3441676 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-9-s2-p195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
|