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Ahuja P, Yadav R, Goyal S, Yadav C, Ranga S, Kadian L. Targeting epigenetic deregulations for the management of esophageal carcinoma: recent advances and emerging approaches. Cell Biol Toxicol 2023; 39:2437-2465. [PMID: 37338772 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-023-09818-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Ranking from seventh in incidence to sixth in mortality, esophageal carcinoma is considered a severe malignancy of food pipe. Later-stage diagnosis, drug resistance, and a high mortality rate contribute to its lethality. Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and esophageal adenocarcinoma are the two main histological subtypes of esophageal carcinoma, with squamous cell carcinoma alone accounting for more than eighty percent of its cases. While genetic anomalies are well known in esophageal cancer, accountability of epigenetic deregulations is also being explored for the recent two decades. DNA methylation, histone modifications, and functional non-coding RNAs are the crucial epigenetic players involved in the modulation of different malignancies, including esophageal carcinoma. Targeting these epigenetic aberrations will provide new insights into the development of biomarker tools for risk stratification, early diagnosis, and effective therapeutic intervention. This review discusses different epigenetic alterations, emphasizing the most significant developments in esophageal cancer epigenetics and their potential implication for the detection, prognosis, and treatment of esophageal carcinoma. Further, the preclinical and clinical status of various epigenetic drugs has also been reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parul Ahuja
- Department of Genetics, Maharshi Dayanand University, (Haryana), Rohtak, 124001, India
| | - Ritu Yadav
- Department of Genetics, Maharshi Dayanand University, (Haryana), Rohtak, 124001, India.
| | - Sandeep Goyal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pt. B.D, Sharma University of Health Sciences, (Haryana), Rohtak, 124001, India
| | - Chetna Yadav
- Department of Genetics, Maharshi Dayanand University, (Haryana), Rohtak, 124001, India
| | - Shalu Ranga
- Department of Genetics, Maharshi Dayanand University, (Haryana), Rohtak, 124001, India
| | - Lokesh Kadian
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, 46202, USA
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2
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Zheng N, Wei J, Wu D, Xu Y, Guo J. Master kinase PDK1 in tumorigenesis. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:188971. [PMID: 37640147 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.188971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 (PDK1) is considered as master kinase regulating AGC kinase family members such as AKT, SGK, PLK, S6K and RSK. Although autophosphorylation regulates PDK1 activity, accumulating evidence suggests that PDK1 is manipulated by many other mechanisms, including S6K-mediated phosphorylation, and the E3 ligase SPOP-mediated ubiquitination and degradation. Dysregulation of these upstream regulators or downstream signals involves in cancer development, as PDK1 regulating cell growth, metastasis, invasion, apoptosis and survival time. Meanwhile, overexpression of PDK1 is also exposed in a plethora of cancers, whereas inhibition of PDK1 reduces cell size and inhibits tumor growth and progression. More importantly, PDK1 also modulates the tumor microenvironments and markedly influences tumor immunotherapies. In summary, we comprehensively summarize the downstream signals, upstream regulators, mouse models, inhibitors, tumor microenvironment and clinical treatments for PDK1, and highlight PDK1 as a potential cancer therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nana Zheng
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Jiaqi Wei
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Depei Wu
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China.
| | - Yang Xu
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China.
| | - Jianping Guo
- Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510275, China.
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Doghish AS, El-Husseiny AA, Abdelmaksoud NM, El-Mahdy HA, Elsakka EGE, Abdel Mageed SS, Mahmoud AMA, Raouf AA, Elballal MS, El-Dakroury WA, AbdelRazek MMM, Noshy M, El-Husseiny HM, Abulsoud AI. The interplay of signaling pathways and miRNAs in the pathogenesis and targeted therapy of esophageal cancer. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 246:154529. [PMID: 37196470 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Globally, esophageal cancer (EC) is the 6th leading cause of cancer-related deaths and the second deadliest gastrointestinal cancer. Multiple genetic and epigenetic factors, such as microRNAs (miRNAs), influence its onset and progression. miRNAs are short nucleic acid molecules that can regulate multiple cellular processes by regulating gene expression. Therefore, EC initiation, progression, apoptosis evasions, invasion capacity, promotion, angiogenesis, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) enhancement are associated with miRNA expression dysregulation. Wnt/-catenin signaling, Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)/P-gp, phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT/c-Myc, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β signaling are crucial pathways in EC that are controlled by miRNAs. This review was conducted to provide an up-to-date assessment of the role of microRNAs in EC pathogenesis and their modulatory effects on responses to various EC treatment modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed S Doghish
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt; Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11231, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed A El-Husseiny
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11231, Cairo, Egypt; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Badr City 11829, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nourhan M Abdelmaksoud
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University, Cairo 11785, Egypt
| | - Hesham A El-Mahdy
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11231, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Elsayed G E Elsakka
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11231, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sherif S Abdel Mageed
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Abdulla M A Mahmoud
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Amr Raouf
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Mohammed S Elballal
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Walaa A El-Dakroury
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M M AbdelRazek
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Mina Noshy
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Salman International University (KSIU), SouthSinai, Ras Sudr 46612, Egypt
| | - Hussein M El-Husseiny
- Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai Cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan; Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology, and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Moshtohor, Toukh, Elqaliobiya 13736, Egypt
| | - Ahmed I Abulsoud
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11231, Cairo, Egypt; Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University, Cairo 11785, Egypt
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4
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Turai PI, Herold Z, Nyirő G, Borka K, Micsik T, Tőke J, Szücs N, Tóth M, Patócs A, Igaz P. Tissue miRNA Combinations for the Differential Diagnosis of Adrenocortical Carcinoma and Adenoma Established by Artificial Intelligence. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14040895. [PMID: 35205648 PMCID: PMC8870702 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14040895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The histological differential diagnosis of adrenocortical adenoma and carcinoma is difficult and requires great expertise. MiRNAs were shown to be useful for the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant tumors of several organs, and several findings have suggested their utility in adrenocortical tumors as well. Here, we have selected tissue miRNAs based on the literature search, and used machine learning to identify novel clinically applicable miRNA combinations. Combinations with high sensitivity and specificity (both over 90%) have been identified that could be promising for clinical use. Besides being a useful adjunct to histological examination, these miRNA combinations could enable preoperative adrenal biopsy in patients with adrenal tumors suspicious for malignancy. Abstract The histological analysis of adrenal tumors is difficult and requires great expertise. Tissue microRNA (miRNA) expression is distinct between benign and malignant tumors of several organs and can be useful for diagnostic purposes. MiRNAs are stable and their expression can be reliably reproduced from archived formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue blocks. Our purpose was to assess the potential applicability of combinations of literature-based miRNAs as markers of adrenocortical malignancy. Archived FFPE tissue samples from 10 adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC), 10 adrenocortical adenoma (ACA) and 10 normal adrenal cortex samples were analyzed in a discovery cohort, while 21 ACC and 22 ACA patients were studied in a blind manner in the validation cohort. The expression of miRNA was determined by RT-qPCR. Machine learning and neural network-based methods were used to find the best performing miRNA combination models. To evaluate diagnostic applicability, ROC-analysis was performed. We have identified three miRNA combinations (hsa-miR-195 + hsa-miR-210 + hsa-miR-503; hsa-miR-210 + hsa-miR-375 + hsa-miR-503 and hsa-miR-210 + hsa-miR-483-5p + hsa-miR-503) as unexpectedly good predictors to determine adrenocortical malignancy with sensitivity and specificity both of over 90%. These miRNA panels can supplement the histological examination of removed tumors and could even be performed from small volume adrenal biopsy samples preoperatively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Péter István Turai
- Department of Endocrinology, ENS@T Research Center of Excellence, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, H-1083 Budapest, Hungary; (P.I.T.); (G.N.); (J.T.); (N.S.); (M.T.)
- Department of Internal Medicine and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, H-1083 Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-SE Molecular Medicine Research Group, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, H-1083 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Herold
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, H-1083 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Gábor Nyirő
- Department of Endocrinology, ENS@T Research Center of Excellence, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, H-1083 Budapest, Hungary; (P.I.T.); (G.N.); (J.T.); (N.S.); (M.T.)
- MTA-SE Molecular Medicine Research Group, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, H-1083 Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, H-1089 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Katalin Borka
- 2nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, H-1091 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Tamás Micsik
- 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, H-1088 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Judit Tőke
- Department of Endocrinology, ENS@T Research Center of Excellence, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, H-1083 Budapest, Hungary; (P.I.T.); (G.N.); (J.T.); (N.S.); (M.T.)
- Department of Internal Medicine and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, H-1083 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Nikolette Szücs
- Department of Endocrinology, ENS@T Research Center of Excellence, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, H-1083 Budapest, Hungary; (P.I.T.); (G.N.); (J.T.); (N.S.); (M.T.)
- Department of Internal Medicine and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, H-1083 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Miklós Tóth
- Department of Endocrinology, ENS@T Research Center of Excellence, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, H-1083 Budapest, Hungary; (P.I.T.); (G.N.); (J.T.); (N.S.); (M.T.)
- Department of Internal Medicine and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, H-1083 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Attila Patócs
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, H-1089 Budapest, Hungary;
- MTA-SE Hereditary Tumors Research Group, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, H-1122 Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Oncology, H-1122 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Peter Igaz
- Department of Endocrinology, ENS@T Research Center of Excellence, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, H-1083 Budapest, Hungary; (P.I.T.); (G.N.); (J.T.); (N.S.); (M.T.)
- Department of Internal Medicine and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, H-1083 Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-SE Molecular Medicine Research Group, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, H-1083 Budapest, Hungary
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +36-1-266-0816
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Aalami Zavareh F, Abdi S, Entezari M. Up-regulation of miR-144 and miR-375 in the human gastric cancer cell line following the exposure to extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields. Int J Radiat Biol 2021; 97:1324-1332. [PMID: 34125651 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2021.1941376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Recently, therapeutic effects of extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) as complementary and alternative medicine, used in the oncology field to control disease symptoms. Micro RNAs (miRs) are responsible for the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression in the cell. This study aimed to evaluate the expression changes of miR-144 and miR-375 in the human gastric adenocarcinoma cell line (AGS) under the exposure of ELF-EMF. MATERIALS AND METHODS AGS cells were exposed to magnetic flux densities of 0.2 and 2 mT for 18 h, continuously and discontinuously (1.5 h on/1.5 h off). Cell viability was evaluated by MTT assay. Changes of miR-144 expression levels in AGS cells immediately after exposure and 18 and 36 h after the exposure cut-off was calculated by QRT-PCR. RESULTS The cell viability of AGS cells was decreased under the exposure of 0.2 and 2 mT EMFs when compared to the control. Up-regulation of miR-144 and miR-375 were observed in AGS cells under the exposure of magnetic fields. CONCLUSIONS The results indicated that the miR levels were significantly decreased 18 and 36 h after finishing the exposure, but not reached the normal range. The results of this investigation indicated that weak and moderate intermittent 50 Hz ELF-EMFs can induce changes in miRNA expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Aalami Zavareh
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soheila Abdi
- Department of Physics, Safadasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maliheh Entezari
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence, Science Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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Chen Y, Zhu S, Pei Y, Hu J, Hu Z, Liu X, Wang X, Gu M, Hu S, Liu X. Differential microRNA Expression in Newcastle Disease Virus-Infected HeLa Cells and Its Role in Regulating Virus Replication. Front Oncol 2021; 11:616809. [PMID: 34150610 PMCID: PMC8211993 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.616809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As an oncolytic virus, Newcastle disease virus (NDV) can specifically kill tumor cells and has been tested as an attractive oncolytic agent for cancer virotherapy. Virus infection can trigger the changes of the cellular microRNA (miRNA) expression profile, which can greatly influence viral replication and pathogenesis. However, the interplay between NDV replication and cellular miRNA expression in tumor cells is still largely unknown. In the present study, we compared the profiles of cellular miRNAs in uninfected and NDV-infected HeLa cells by small RNA deep sequencing. Here we report that NDV infection in HeLa cells significantly changed the levels of 40 miRNAs at 6 h post-infection (hpi) and 62 miRNAs at 12 hpi. Among 23 highly differentially expressed miRNAs, NDV infection greatly promoted the levels of 3 miRNAs and suppressed the levels of 20 miRNAs at both time points. These 23 miRNAs are predicted to target various genes involved in virus replication and antiviral immunity such as ErbB, Jak-STAT, NF-kB and RIG-I-like receptor. Verification of deep sequencing results by quantitative RT-PCR showed that 9 out of 10 randomly selected miRNAs chosen from this 23-miRNA pool were consistent with deep sequencing data, including 6 down-regulated and 3 up-regulated. Further functional research revealed that hsa-miR-4521, a constituent in this 23-miRNA pool, inhibited NDV replication in HeLa cells. Moreover, dual-luciferase and gene expression array uncovered that the member A of family with sequence similarity 129 (FAM129A) was directly targeted by hsa-miR-4521 and positively regulated NDV replication in HeLa cells, indicating that hsa-miR-4521 may regulate NDV replication via interaction with FAM129A. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the dynamic cellular miRNA expression profile in tumor cells after NDV infection and may provide a valuable basis for further investigation on the roles of miRNAs in NDV-mediated oncolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chen
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Shanshan Zhu
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yuru Pei
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jiao Hu
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zenglei Hu
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiaowen Liu
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoquan Wang
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Min Gu
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Shunlin Hu
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiufan Liu
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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miR-375 Inhibits the Proliferation and Invasion of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Cells by Suppressing PDK1. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:9704245. [PMID: 32280708 PMCID: PMC7125451 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9704245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Purpose In patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), the expression of PDK1 is remarkably improved in NPC tissue and correlated with the clinicopathological severity of NPC. We expressed miR-375 in NPC cells to study the effects on PDK1 gene expression. We also investigated the mechanism by which miR-375 affects the biological behavior of NPC cells through effects on PDK1. Methods qRT-PCR was carried out to analyze miR-375 and PDK1 levels in NPC cells. NPC cells were transfected with miR-375 inhibitor or miR-375 mimic. CCK-8 testing, colony formation testing, transwell testing, and flow cytometry analysis were carried out to quantify the cells' biological behavior. Rescue experiments demonstrated that the recovery of PDK1 expression was able to reverse the influence of miR-375 inhibition on NPC diffusion and intrusion. The interaction between miR-375 and PDK1 was verified by dual-luciferase reporter gene testing. Results The results revealed that miR-375 has a negative regulatory effect on PDK1 expression in NPC cells. Furthermore, PDK1 is a target gene for miR-375. The empirical results obtained demonstrated a negative correlation between tumor development and the level of miR-375 expression in NPC tissues. The excessive expression of miR-375 and the downregulation of PDK1 facilitated the diffusion and invasion of NPC cells. Conclusion The diffusion and incursion of NPC cells may be inhibited by direct targeting of PDK1 and decreasing the expression of miR-375. Our study highlights efforts to target PDK1 and miR-375 as potential therapeutic strategies for use in the treatment of NPC.
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Prediction of potential miRNA-disease associations using matrix decomposition and label propagation. Knowl Based Syst 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.knosys.2019.104963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Liu J, Wang P, Zhang P, Zhang X, Du H, Liu Q, Huang B, Qian C, Zhang S, Zhu W, Yang X, Xiao Y, Liu Z, Luo D. An integrative bioinformatics analysis identified miR-375 as a candidate key regulator of malignant breast cancer. J Appl Genet 2019; 60:335-346. [PMID: 31372832 DOI: 10.1007/s13353-019-00507-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key regulators that play important biological roles in carcinogenesis and are promising biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and therapy. hsa-miR-375-3p (miR-375) has been suggested to serve as a tumor suppressor or oncogene in various tumor types; however, its specific expression and potential regulatory role in malignant breast cancer remain unclear. In this study, the results from noncoding RNA microarray analysis indicated that the miR-375 expression level is significantly decreased in malignant basal-like breast cancer compared with luminal-like breast cancer. A total of 1895 co-downregulated and 1645 co-upregulated genes were identified in miR-375 mimic-transfected basal-like breast cancer cell lines. Predicted miR-375 targets were obtained from the online databases TargetScan and DIANA-microT-CDS. Combined KEGG enrichment analysis for coregulated genes and predicted miR-375 targets provided information and revealed differences in potential dynamic signaling pathways regulated by miR-375 and also indicated specific regulatory pathways, such as RNA transport and processing, in basal-like breast cancer. Additionally, gene expression microarray analysis accompanied by UALCAN analysis was performed to screen upregulated genes in the basal-like subtype. Four potential key genes, including LDHB, CPNE8, QKI, and EIF5A2, were identified as candidate target genes of miR-375. Therefore, the present study demonstrated that miR-375 may be a potential key regulator and provide a promising direction for diagnostic and therapeutic developments for malignant breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxuan Liu
- Queen Mary School, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Queen Mary School, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Infectious Diseases Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330002, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- Queen Mary School, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Hang Du
- Queen Mary School, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Bo Huang
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Infectious Diseases Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330002, Jiangxi, China
| | - Caiyun Qian
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Shuhua Zhang
- Jiangxi Cardiovascular Research Institute, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Weifeng Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xiaohong Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yingqun Xiao
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Infectious Diseases Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330002, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Zhuoqi Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Daya Luo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China.
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathogens and Molecular Pathology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China.
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Wei Y, Liao Y, Deng Y, Zu Y, Zhao B, Li F. MicroRNA-503 Inhibits Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Progression By Targeting PDK1/PI3K/AKT Pathway. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:9005-9016. [PMID: 31802909 PMCID: PMC6827514 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s213059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to study the role of dysregulated expression of a microRNA (miRNA), miR-503, in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and investigate the underlying mechanism. METHODS Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and in situ hybridization staining (ISH) were used to evaluate the expression level of miR-503 in NSCLC tissues and paired adjacent tissues. CCK-8, colony formation and flow cytometry were performed to explore the effects of miR-503 overexpression on cell proliferation, colony formation and apoptosis. Cells with miR-503 overexpression were used to initiate xenograft models. Dual luciferase reporter assay, qRT-PCR, immunohistochemistry and Western blotting were conducted to investigate the interaction of miR-503 and its potential target. RESULTS Significantly downregulated miR-503 was found in NSCLC tumor tissues and cell lines. miR-503 overexpression significantly inhibited NSCLC cell proliferation, migration and invasion. PDK1 was predicted as the direct targets of miR-503. PDK1 overexpression reversed the inhibitory effects of miR-503 on biological functions, while PDK1 silencing significantly counteracted miR-503 inhibitor-induced pro-tumor effects in A549 cells. Mechanistically, upregulation of miR-503 inhibited PDK1 expression and subsequently caused the inactivation of PI3K/AKT pathway. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that miR-503 inhibits NSCLC progression by targeting PDK1/PI3K/AKT pathway, potentiating the use of miR-503 as a biomarker and therapeutic target for NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Wei
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan430030, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuanfan Liao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan430030, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Deng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan430030, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yukun Zu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan430030, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bo Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan430030, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fan Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan430030, People’s Republic of China
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11
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Bonnet S, Boucherat O, Paulin R, Wu D, Hindmarch CCT, Archer SL, Song R, Moore JB, Provencher S, Zhang L, Uchida S. Clinical value of non-coding RNAs in cardiovascular, pulmonary, and muscle diseases. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2019; 318:C1-C28. [PMID: 31483703 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00078.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Although a majority of the mammalian genome is transcribed to RNA, mounting evidence indicates that only a minor proportion of these transcriptional products are actually translated into proteins. Since the discovery of the first non-coding RNA (ncRNA) in the 1980s, the field has gone on to recognize ncRNAs as important molecular regulators of RNA activity and protein function, knowledge of which has stimulated the expansion of a scientific field that quests to understand the role of ncRNAs in cellular physiology, tissue homeostasis, and human disease. Although our knowledge of these molecules has significantly improved over the years, we have limited understanding of their precise functions, protein interacting partners, and tissue-specific activities. Adding to this complexity, it remains unknown exactly how many ncRNAs there are in existence. The increased use of high-throughput transcriptomics techniques has rapidly expanded the list of ncRNAs, which now includes classical ncRNAs (e.g., ribosomal RNAs and transfer RNAs), microRNAs, and long ncRNAs. In addition, splicing by-products of protein-coding genes and ncRNAs, so-called circular RNAs, are now being investigated. Because there is substantial heterogeneity in the functions of ncRNAs, we have summarized the present state of knowledge regarding the functions of ncRNAs in heart, lungs, and skeletal muscle. This review highlights the pathophysiologic relevance of these ncRNAs in the context of human cardiovascular, pulmonary, and muscle diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Bonnet
- Pulmonary Hypertension and Vascular Biology Research Group, Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Department of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Olivier Boucherat
- Pulmonary Hypertension and Vascular Biology Research Group, Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Department of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Roxane Paulin
- Pulmonary Hypertension and Vascular Biology Research Group, Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Department of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Danchen Wu
- Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Charles C T Hindmarch
- Queen's Cardiopulmonary Unit, Translational Institute of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephen L Archer
- Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rui Song
- Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California
| | - Joseph B Moore
- Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky.,The Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Steeve Provencher
- Pulmonary Hypertension and Vascular Biology Research Group, Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Department of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Lubo Zhang
- Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California
| | - Shizuka Uchida
- Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky.,The Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky.,Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
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12
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Xiao Y, Su M, Ou W, Wang H, Tian B, Ma J, Tang J, Wu J, Wu Z, Wang W, Zhou Y. Involvement of noncoding RNAs in epigenetic modifications of esophageal cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 117:109192. [PMID: 31387188 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal cancer (EC) is a serious digestive malignancy and is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality. Apart from genetic mutations, many epigenetic alterations including DNA methylation and histone modifications associated with chromatin remodeling have been identified in the regulation of gene expression in EC. Recently, noncoding RNAs, and mainly lncRNAs and miRNAs, have been revealed to be involved in the epigenetic regulation of EC. In this review, we focus on describing new insights on epigenetic processes associated with noncoding RNAs, which have been characterized to be responsible for the development and progression of EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhang Xiao
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, PR China
| | - Min Su
- Department of the 2nd Thoracic Surgery, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, PR China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, PR China
| | - Wei Ou
- Department of Pharmacy, The First People's Hospital of Yue Yang, Yue Yang, PR China
| | - Hui Wang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, PR China
| | - Bo Tian
- Department of the 2nd Thoracic Surgery, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, PR China
| | - Junliang Ma
- Department of the 2nd Thoracic Surgery, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, PR China
| | - Jinming Tang
- Department of the 2nd Thoracic Surgery, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, PR China
| | - Jie Wu
- Department of the 2nd Thoracic Surgery, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, PR China
| | - Zhining Wu
- Department of the 2nd Thoracic Surgery, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, PR China
| | - Wenxiang Wang
- Department of the 2nd Thoracic Surgery, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, PR China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, PR China.
| | - Yong Zhou
- Department of the 2nd Thoracic Surgery, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, PR China.
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13
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Wang P, Xu L, Li L, Ren S, Tang J, Zhang M, Xu M. The microRNA-375 as a potentially promising biomarker to predict the prognosis of patients with head and neck or esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: a meta-analysis. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2019; 276:957-968. [PMID: 30747316 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-019-05325-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prognostic value of microRNA-375 (miR-375) expression in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) had been reported in the previous studies; however, the results remain inconsistent. This study was performed to investigate the prognostic significance of miR-375 expression in SCC based on all eligible evidences. METHODS Relevant studies were identified by searching PubMed, Embace, Medline, Cochrane Library, and China Biology Medicine disk. Survival outcome including overall survival (OS) and other survival outcomes were used as the primary endpoint to evaluate the prognostic outcome of patients with SCC. All statistical analyses were performed in RevMan software version 5.3 and STATA software version 14.1. Furthermore, the quality of included studies was assessed by The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. RESULTS In total, 13 studies, including 1340 patients, met the inclusion criteria for our meta-analysis. The pooled analysis results indicated that downregulation of miR-375 significantly predicted poor OS (HR 1.58, 95% CI 1.34-1.88, P < 0.001). Downregulated miR-375 was also correlated with the other survival outcomes. Subgroup analysis based on tumor type found that lower expression of miR-375 was significantly related with poor OS in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) (HR 1.58, 95% CI 1.29-1.94, P < 0.001) and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) (HR 1.59, 95% CI 1.16-2.18, P = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis demonstrated that the downexpression of miR-375 was significantly correlated with poor OS in patients with SCCs and indicated the potential clinical use of miR-375 as a molecular biomarker, particularly in assessing prognosis for patients with ESCC and HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- Department of Liver Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - LiangLiang Xu
- Department of Liver Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Lian Li
- Department of Liver Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - ShengSheng Ren
- Department of Liver Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - JianWei Tang
- Department of Liver Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Liver Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China. .,Department of General Surgery, Mianzhu Hospital of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Mianzhu, Sichuan, China.
| | - MingQing Xu
- Department of Liver Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
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14
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Identification of miR-375 as a potential prognostic biomarker for esophageal squamous cell cancer: A bioinformatics analysis based on TCGA and meta-analysis. Pathol Res Pract 2019; 215:512-518. [PMID: 30638952 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2019.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that aberrantly expressed miRNAs in cancer tissues regulated various cellular processes related to carcinogenesis. The present study aimed to identify the differentially expressed miRNAs between esophageal squamous cell cancer (ESCC) and adjacent normal esophageal tissue (ANET). In our present study, we identified 129 differentially expressed miRNAs between ESCC and ANET by analyzing high-throughput miRNA data downloaded from TCGA database. After investigating the prognostic value of the 129 differential expressed miRNAs, eight miRNAs were found to be associated with prognosis of patients with ESCC. The clinical significance and bio-function of miR-375 was further examined. We performed Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) to identify the top three gene sets that significantly altered between the patients with miR-375 low expression and high expression. In order to explore the mechanism of the development and progression of ESCC, the role of miR-375 in ESCC and its four candidate target genes was examined. At last, we performed a meta-analysis to verify the prognostic value of miR-375 in ESCC. In conclusion, our findings suggest that miR-375 serves as a promising independent prognostic factor for ESCC and function as a tumor suppressor.
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15
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Kumar S, Xie H, Scicluna P, Lee L, Björnhagen V, Höög A, Larsson C, Lui WO. MiR-375 Regulation of LDHB Plays Distinct Roles in Polyomavirus-Positive and -Negative Merkel Cell Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:E443. [PMID: 30441870 PMCID: PMC6267432 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10110443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA-375 (miR-375) is deregulated in multiple tumor types and regulates important targets involved in tumorigenesis and metastasis. This miRNA is highly expressed in Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) compared to normal skin and other non-MCC skin cancers, and its expression is high in Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV)-positive (MCPyV+) and low in MCPyV-negative (MCPyV-) MCC tumors. In this study, we characterized the function and target of miR-375 in MCPyV+ and MCPyV- MCC cell lines. Ectopic expression of miR-375 in MCPyV- MCC cells resulted in decreased cell proliferation and migration, as well as increased cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. However, in MCPyV+ MCC cells, inhibition of miR-375 expression reduced cell growth and induced apoptosis. Additionally, the expression of lactate dehydrogenase B (LDHB), a known target of miR-375, was inversely correlated with miR-375. Silencing of LDHB reduced cell growth in MCPyV- cell lines, while its silencing in MCPyV+ cell lines rescued the cell growth effect mediated by miR-375 inhibition. Together, our results suggest dual roles of miR-375 and LDHB in MCPyV and non-MCPyV-associated MCCs. We propose that LDHB could be a therapeutic target in MCC and different strategies should be applied in virus- and non-virus-associated MCCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satendra Kumar
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17176 Stockholm, Sweden.
- Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-17176 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Hong Xie
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17176 Stockholm, Sweden.
- Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-17176 Stockholm, Sweden.
- Tianjin Life Science Research Center and Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China.
| | - Patrick Scicluna
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17176 Stockholm, Sweden.
- Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-17176 Stockholm, Sweden.
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17165 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Linkiat Lee
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17176 Stockholm, Sweden.
- Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-17176 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Viveca Björnhagen
- Department of Reconstructive Plastic Surgery, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-17176 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Anders Höög
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17176 Stockholm, Sweden.
- Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-17176 Stockholm, Sweden.
- Department of Clinical Pathology and Cytology, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-17176 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Catharina Larsson
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17176 Stockholm, Sweden.
- Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-17176 Stockholm, Sweden.
- Department of Clinical Pathology and Cytology, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-17176 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Weng-Onn Lui
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17176 Stockholm, Sweden.
- Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-17176 Stockholm, Sweden.
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16
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Wang J, Sun X. MicroRNA-375 inhibits the proliferation, migration and invasion of kidney cancer cells by triggering apoptosis and modulation of PDK1 expression. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2018; 62:227-233. [PMID: 30098579 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Revised: 07/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Kidney cancer is one of the deadly cancers and is the cause of significant number of deaths worldwide. The treatments used for the treatment of kidney cancer are limited and associated with number of side effects. Therefore, there is need for the development of new drug options or to identify novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of kidney cancer. In this study we investigated the potential of miR-375 as the therapeutic target for the treatment of Kidney cancer. The results revealed that miR-375 is significantly downregulated in the Kidney cancer cells. To investigate the role therapeutic potential of miR-375, one kidney cancer cell line (A-498) was selected for further experimentation. It was observed that overexpression of miR-375 inhibits A-498 kidney cancer proliferation by induction of apoptosis. In addition, overexpression of miR-375 causes suppression of migration and invasion of the A-498 kidney cancers cells. Bioinformatic analysis revealed PDK1 to be putative target of miR-375 in Kidney cancer cells. The western blot analysis revealed the expression of PDK1 to be significantly upregulated in Kidney cancer cells and overexpression of miR-375 in A-498 cells caused inhibition of PDK1 preventing the phosphorylation of AKT (Thr308 and Ser473). Additionally, inhibition of PDK1 had similar effects as that of miR-375 overexpression on cell proliferation of A-498 kidney cancer cells. The inhibition of miR-375 expression could not rescue the effects of PDK-1 suppression on A-498 cell proliferation. In contrary, overexpression of PKD1 in A-498 cells transfected with miR-375 mimics could nullify the effects of miR-375 on proliferation of the A-498 cells. Taken together, we conclude that miR-375 regulates cell proliferation, migration and invasion of A-498 kidney cancer cells and may prove to be an important therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinling Wang
- Department of Kidney, The Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiuju Sun
- Department of Kidney, The Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, China.
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17
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Llinàs-Arias P, Esteller M. Epigenetic inactivation of tumour suppressor coding and non-coding genes in human cancer: an update. Open Biol 2018; 7:rsob.170152. [PMID: 28931650 PMCID: PMC5627056 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.170152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells undergo many different alterations during their transformation, including genetic and epigenetic events. The controlled division of healthy cells can be impaired through the downregulation of tumour suppressor genes. Here, we provide an update of the mechanisms in which epigenetically altered coding and non-coding tumour suppressor genes are implicated. We will highlight the importance of epigenetics in the different molecular pathways that lead to enhanced and unlimited capacity of division, genomic instability, metabolic shift, acquisition of mesenchymal features that lead to metastasis, and tumour plasticity. We will briefly describe these pathways, focusing especially on genes whose epigenetic inactivation through DNA methylation has been recently described, as well as on those that are well established as being epigenetically silenced in cancer. A brief perspective of current clinical therapeutic approaches that can revert epigenetic inactivation of non-coding tumour suppressor genes will also be given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pere Llinàs-Arias
- Cancer Epigenetics Group, Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Manel Esteller
- Cancer Epigenetics Group, Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain .,Physiological Sciences Department, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona (UB), Carrer de la Feixa Llarga, s/n, 08908 L'Hospitalet, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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18
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Guo J, Zhang CD, An JX, Xiao YY, Shao S, Zhou NM, Dai DQ. Expression of miR-634 in gastric carcinoma and its effects on proliferation, migration, and invasion of gastric cancer cells. Cancer Med 2018; 7:776-787. [PMID: 29464926 PMCID: PMC5852365 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to observe the expression of microRNA (miR)‐634 in different gastric cancer cell lines and tissues, and to study the effects of miR‐634 on the proliferation, migration, and invasion of the gastric cancer cells. The miR‐634 mimics and miR‐634 inhibitors were transfected by lentivirus into human gastric cancer SGC‐7901 and MGC‐803 cells, and the miR‐634 cells without transfection were used as the control group (NC group). The expression of miR‐634 in the transfected cells was detected by qRT‐PCR. Cell viability was measured by the CCK8 assay. The migration and invasion ability of the cells were detected by scratch assays and Transwell® chamber assays, respectively, and the luciferase assay verified the binding of miR‐634 to the target gene JAG1. The expression level of miR‐634 in gastric cancer tissues and cell lines was significantly lower than that in normal adjacent tissues and control cells. The survival of cells was significantly decreased, and number of cells migrating and invading was decreased in the miR‐634 mimics group. However, in the miR‐634 inhibitor group, the opposite results were observed. Over‐expression of miR‐634 inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of gastric cancer cell lines, and the miR‐634 target gene was JAG1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Guo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China
| | - Chun-Dong Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China
| | - Jia-Xiang An
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China
| | - Yun-Yun Xiao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Shengjing Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Shuai Shao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China
| | - Nuo-Ming Zhou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China
| | - Dong-Qiu Dai
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China.,Cancer Center, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China
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19
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Epigenetics and MicroRNAs in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19020459. [PMID: 29401683 PMCID: PMC5855681 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19020459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability to reprogram the transcriptional circuitry by remodeling the three-dimensional structure of the genome is exploited by cancer cells to promote tumorigenesis. This reprogramming occurs because of hereditable chromatin chemical modifications and the consequent formation of RNA-protein-DNA complexes that represent the principal actors of the epigenetic phenomena. In this regard, the deregulation of a transcribed non-coding RNA may be both cause and consequence of a cancer-related epigenetic alteration. This review summarizes recent findings that implicate microRNAs in the aberrant epigenetic regulation of cancer cells.
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20
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miR-375 is involved in Hippo pathway by targeting YAP1/TEAD4-CTGF axis in gastric carcinogenesis. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:92. [PMID: 29367737 PMCID: PMC5833783 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-017-0134-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
miR-375 is a tumor-suppressive microRNA (miRNA) in gastric cancer (GC). However, its molecular mechanism remains unclear. The aim of this study is to comprehensively investigate how miR-375 is involved in Hippo pathway by targeting multiple oncogenes. miR-375 expression in gastric cancer cell lines and primary GC was investigated by qRT-PCR. The regulation of YAP1, TEAD4, and CTGF expression by miR-375 was evaluated by qRT-PCR, western blot, and luciferase reporter assays, respectively. The functional roles of the related genes were examined by siRNA-mediated knockdown or ectopic expression assays. The clinical significance and expression correlation analysis of miR-375, YAP1, and CTGF were performed in primary GCs. TCGA cohort was also used to analyze the expression correlation of YAP1, TEAD4, CTGF, and miR-375 in primary GCs. miR-375 was down-regulated in GC due to promoter methylation and histone deacetylation. miR-375 downregulation was associated with unfavorable outcome and lymph node metastasis. Ectopic expression of miR-375 inhibited tumor growth in vitro and in vivo. Three components of Hippo pathway, YAP1, TEAD4 and CTGF, were revealed to be direct targets of miR-375. The expression of three genes showed a negative correlation with miR-375 expression and YAP1 re-expression partly abolished the tumor-suppressive effect of miR-375. Furthermore, CTGF was confirmed to be the key downstream of Hippo-YAP1 cascade and its knockdown phenocopied siYAP1 or miR-375 overexpression. YAP1 nuclear accumulation was positively correlated with CTGF cytoplasmic expression in primary GC tissues. Verteporfin exerted an anti-oncogenic effect in GC cell lines by quenching CTGF expression through YAP1 degradation. In short, miR-375 was involved in the Hippo pathway by targeting YAP1-TEAD4-CTGF axis and enriched our knowledge on the miRNA dysregulation in gastric tumorigenesis.
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21
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Chen LJ, Li XY, Zhao YQ, Liu WJ, Wu HJ, Liu J, Mu XQ, Wu HB. Down-regulated microRNA-375 expression as a predictive biomarker in non-small cell lung cancer brain metastasis and its prognostic significance. Pathol Res Pract 2017; 213:882-888. [PMID: 28688608 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2017.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2016] [Revised: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Brain metastases (BM) are common among patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and have been associated with significant morbidity and limited survival. Early and sensitive detection of BM is essential for improving prognosis. Recently, microRNA-375(miR-375) which is specifically expressed in the brain has been found significantly dysregulated in many human cancers. However, there is still no data whether miR-375 is associated with higher risk of BM development in NSCLC. In this study, we detected the miR-375 expression using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and assessed its predictive and prognostic significance. Our result showed that miR-375 expression was significantly down-regulated in NSCLC patients with BM(BM+, N=30) compared with NSCLC without BM(BM-, N=30) (P<0.001). Statistical analysis indicated that low miR-375 expression was linked to advanced disease stage (P<0.001) and brain metastasis (P<0.001) in NSCLC patient. Survival analysis suggested that low-expression group had significantly shorter overall survival than high-expression group in NSCLC patients with BM(log-rank test: P<0.05) as well as the total cases(log-rank test: P<0.01). Multivariate Cox proportional hazards model analysis indicated that low miR-375 expression was independently linked to poor survival of patients with NSCLC (HR=5.48, 95% CI: 1.93-15.56, P=0.001). In addition, we found that VEGF and MMP-9 were over-expressed in down-regulated miR-375 expression cases. Collectively, this study demonstrated that miR-375 may play an important role as a predictive biomarker in brain metastasis and an independent prognostic factor in NSCLC. Over-expression of VEGF and MMP-9 may be the reason for poor prognosis of NSCLC patients with low miR-375 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Juan Chen
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450000, PR China; First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, PR China
| | - Xing-Ya Li
- First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, PR China.
| | - Yan-Qiu Zhao
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450000, PR China.
| | - Wen-Jing Liu
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450000, PR China
| | - Hui-Juan Wu
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450000, PR China
| | - Jie Liu
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450000, PR China
| | - Xiao-Qian Mu
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450000, PR China
| | - Hong-Bo Wu
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450000, PR China
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22
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Garikipati VN, Verma SK, Jolardarashi D, Cheng Z, Ibetti J, Cimini M, Tang Y, Khan M, Yue Y, Benedict C, Nickoloff E, Truongcao MM, Gao E, Krishnamurthy P, Goukassian DA, Koch WJ, Kishore R. Therapeutic inhibition of miR-375 attenuates post-myocardial infarction inflammatory response and left ventricular dysfunction via PDK-1-AKT signalling axis. Cardiovasc Res 2017; 113:938-949. [PMID: 28371849 PMCID: PMC11008084 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvx052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Increased miR-375 levels has been implicated in rodent models of myocardial infarction (MI) and with patients with heart failure. However, no prior study had established a therapeutic role of miR-375 in ischemic myocardium. Therefore, we assessed whether inhibition of MI-induced miR-375 by LNA anti-miR-375 can improve recovery after acute MI. METHODS AND RESULTS Ten weeks old mice were treated with either control or LNA anti miR-375 after induction of MI by LAD ligation. The inflammatory response, cardiomyocyte apoptosis, capillary density and left ventricular (LV) functional, and structural remodelling changes were evaluated. Anti-miR-375 therapy significantly decreased inflammatory response and reduced cardiomyocyte apoptosis in the ischemic myocardium and significantly improved LV function and neovascularization and reduced infarct size. Repression of miR-375 led to the activation of 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 (PDK-1) and increased AKT phosphorylation on Thr-308 in experimental hearts. In corroboration with our in vivo findings, our in vitro studies demonstrated that knockdown of miR-375 in macrophages modulated their phenotype, enhanced PDK-1 levels, and reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines expression following LPS challenge. Further, miR-375 levels were elevated in failing human heart tissue. CONCLUSION Taken together, our studies demonstrate that anti-miR-375 therapy reduced inflammatory response, decreased cardiomyocyte death, improved LV function, and enhanced angiogenesis by targeting multiple cell types mediated at least in part through PDK-1/AKT signalling mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkata N.S. Garikipati
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, MERB-953, 3500 N Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Suresh K. Verma
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, MERB-953, 3500 N Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Darukeshwara Jolardarashi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1675 University Blvd., Volker Hall G094, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Zhongjian Cheng
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, MERB-953, 3500 N Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Jessica Ibetti
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, MERB-953, 3500 N Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Maria Cimini
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, MERB-953, 3500 N Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Yan Tang
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, MERB-953, 3500 N Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Mohsin Khan
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, MERB-953, 3500 N Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Yujia Yue
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, MERB-953, 3500 N Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Cindy Benedict
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, MERB-953, 3500 N Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Emily Nickoloff
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, MERB-953, 3500 N Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - May M. Truongcao
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, MERB-953, 3500 N Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Erhe Gao
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, MERB-953, 3500 N Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Prasanna Krishnamurthy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1675 University Blvd., Volker Hall G094, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - David A. Goukassian
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, MERB-953, 3500 N Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Walter J. Koch
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, MERB-953, 3500 N Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, MERB-953, 3500 N Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Raj Kishore
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, MERB-953, 3500 N Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, MERB-953, 3500 N Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
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23
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Elshafei A, Shaker O, Abd El-Motaal O, Salman T. The expression profiling of serum miR-92a, miR-375, and miR-760 in colorectal cancer: An Egyptian study. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317705765. [PMID: 28618945 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317705765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation in microRNA expression is a common feature in colorectal cancer. Due to the inconsistent results regarding serum miR-92a expression pattern and the insufficient studies on serum miR-375 and miR-760, we aimed in this study to investigate their expression profile and diagnostic and prognostic power in Egyptian colorectal cancer patients. The expression profile of miR-92a, miR-375, and miR-760 was determined in the sera of 64 colorectal cancer patients using quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction in comparison to 27 healthy control subjects. The expression fold change of the studied microRNAs was correlated with patients' clinicopathological features. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was done to determine the role of these microRNAs in colorectal cancer diagnosis and follow-up according to the yielded area under the curve. The expression pattern of miR-92a was significantly upregulated (3.38 ± 2.52, p < 0.0001), while both of miR-375 and 760 were significantly downregulated (-1.250 ± 1.80, p< 0.0001; -1.710 ± 1.88, p < 0.0001, respectively) in colorectal cancer than the control. MiR-92a was positively correlated ( r = 0.671, p = 0.0001), while miR-375 and miR-760 were inversely correlated ( r = -0.414, p = 0.001; r = -0.644, p = 0.0001) with advanced colorectal cancer stages. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis disclosed the highest diagnostic potential for miR-760 to discriminate colorectal cancer patients and early-stage colorectal cancer from the control (area under the curve = 0.922 and 0.875, respectively), while the highest prognostic potential for discrimination between colorectal cancer stages was for miR-92a. In conclusion, serum level of miR-92a, miR-375, and miR-760 may serve as biomarkers of colorectal cancer in Egyptian patients with high diagnostic power for miR-760 and high prognostic power for miR-92a.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Elshafei
- 1 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Olfat Shaker
- 2 Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ossama Abd El-Motaal
- 1 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Tarek Salman
- 1 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
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24
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Tatekawa S, Chinen Y, Ri M, Narita T, Shimura Y, Matsumura-Kimoto Y, Tsukamoto T, Kobayashi T, Kawata E, Uoshima N, Taki T, Taniwaki M, Handa H, Iida S, Kuroda J. Epigenetic repression of miR-375 is the dominant mechanism for constitutive activation of the PDPK1/RPS6KA3 signalling axis in multiple myeloma. Br J Haematol 2017; 178:534-546. [PMID: 28439875 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.14707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cytogenetic/molecular heterogeneity is the hallmark of multiple myeloma (MM). However, we recently showed that the serine/threonine kinase PDPK1 and its substrate RPS6KA3 (also termed RSK2) are universally active in MM, and play pivotal roles in myeloma pathophysiology. In this study, we assessed involvement of aberrant miR-375 repression in PDPK1 overexpression in MM. An analysis of plasma cells from 30 pre-malignant monoclonal gammopathies of undetermined significance and 73 MM patients showed a significant decrease in miR-375 expression in patient-derived plasma cells regardless of the clinical stage, compared to normal plasma cells. Introduction of miR-375 reduced PDPK1 expression in human myeloma cell lines (HMCLs), indicating that miR-375 is the dominant regulator of PDPK1 expression. In addition, miR-375 introduction also downregulated IGF1R and JAK2 in HMCLs. CpG islands in the MIR375 promoter were pathologically hypermethylated in all 8 HMCLs examined and in most of 58 patient-derived myeloma cells. Treatment with SGI-110, a hypomethylating agent, and/or trichostatin A, a histone deacetylase inhibitor, increased miR-375 expression, but repressed PDPK1, IGF1R and JAK2 in HMCLs. Collectively, these results show the universal involvement of overlapping epigenetic dysregulation for abnormal miR-375 repression in MM, which is likely to contribute to myelomagenesis and to subsequent myeloma progression by activating oncogenic signalling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shotaro Tatekawa
- Division of Haematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Chinen
- Division of Haematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masaki Ri
- Department of Haematology and Oncology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Aichi, Japan
| | - Tomoko Narita
- Department of Haematology and Oncology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yuji Shimura
- Division of Haematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yayoi Matsumura-Kimoto
- Division of Haematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Taku Tsukamoto
- Division of Haematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Kobayashi
- Division of Haematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Eri Kawata
- Department of Haematology, Japanese Red Cross Kyoto Daini Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Uoshima
- Department of Haematology, Japanese Red Cross Kyoto Daini Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Taki
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masafumi Taniwaki
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Handa
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Iida
- Department of Haematology and Oncology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Aichi, Japan
| | - Junya Kuroda
- Division of Haematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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25
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Poddar S, Kesharwani D, Datta M. Interplay between the miRNome and the epigenetic machinery: Implications in health and disease. J Cell Physiol 2017; 232:2938-2945. [PMID: 28112397 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetics refers to functionally relevant genomic changes that do not involve changes in the basic nucleotide sequence. Majorly, these are of two types: DNA methylation and histone modifications. Small RNA molecules called miRNAs are often thought to mediate post-transcriptional epigenetic changes by mRNA degradation or translational attenuation. While DNA methylation and histone modifications have their own independent effects on various cellular events, several reports are suggestive of an obvious interplay between these phenomena and the miRNA regulatory program within the cell. Several miRNAs like miR-375, members of miR-29 family, miR-34, miR-200, and others are regulated by DNA methylation and histone modifications in various types of cancers and metabolic diseases. On the other hand, miRNAs like miR-449a, miR-148, miR-101, miR-214, and miR-128 target members of the epigenetic machinery and their dysregulation leads to diverse cellular aberrations. In spite of being independent cellular events, emergence of such reports that suggest a connection between DNA methylation, histone modification, and miRNA function in several diseases indicate that this connecting axis offers a valuable target with great therapeutic potential that might be exploited for disease management. We review the current status of crosstalk between the major epigenetic modifications and the miRNA machinery and discuss this in the context of health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shagun Poddar
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India.,Training and Development Complex, CSIR Campus, Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Taramani, Chennai, India
| | - Devesh Kesharwani
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India.,Training and Development Complex, CSIR Campus, Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Taramani, Chennai, India
| | - Malabika Datta
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India.,Training and Development Complex, CSIR Campus, Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Taramani, Chennai, India
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26
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Xiang G, Li X, Cao L, Zhu C, Dai Z, Pan S, Lin S. Frequent overexpression of PDK1 in primary nasopharyngeal carcinoma is associated with poor prognosis. Pathol Res Pract 2016; 212:1102-1107. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2016.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Revised: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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27
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He Y, Jin J, Wang L, Hu Y, Liang D, Yang H, Liu Y, Shan B. Evaluation of miR-21 and miR-375 as prognostic biomarkers in oesophageal cancer in high-risk areas in China. Clin Exp Metastasis 2016; 34:73-84. [PMID: 27885434 PMCID: PMC5285435 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-016-9828-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs have been associated with prognosis in oesophageal cancer (EC), suggesting that miRNAs could play a role in guiding treatment decisions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic potential of miRNAs found to be associated with zinc deficiency in a geographical area with a high incidence of EC. miRNAs found to be associated with zinc deficiency were isolated from EC cell lines cultured with various Zn levels. The expression levels of the miRNAs were quantified using qRT-PCR. The potential prognostic value of the selected miRNAs was assessed in a cohort study of 88 patients from an area in China with a high incidence of EC. Correlations between miRNAs and patient characteristics were assessed using χ2 statistical tests or Fisher's exact test. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to assess the correlations between miRNAs and overall survival (OS). Forest plots were performed to evaluate the prognostic impact of the miRNAs examined in the present study in the Asian population. The expression levels of miR-21, miR-31, miR-93 and miR-375 were different when Zn levels were varied in EC cell lines, but only miR-21 and miR-375 were associated with patient characteristics and prognosis in patients with EC from an area of China with a high incidence of EC. The patients expressing high levels of miR-21 had poor OS (HR 2.15, 95% CI 1.16-3.97), whereas those with high levels of miR-375 had improved OS (HR 0.47, 95% CI 0.26-0.87).The patients with both a high level of miR-375 and a low level of miR-21 had significantly better outcomes. Forest plots based on an analysis of this Asian population indicated that a high level of miR-21 significantly predicted a shortened OS (HR 1.83, 95% CI 1.42-2.37), whereas a high level of miR-375 was significantly correlated with increased survival (HR 0.56, 95% CI 0.43-0.73). MiR-21 and miR-375 could be used as prognostic biomarkers in areas with a high incidence of EC, and combining these markers may results in a better effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutong He
- Cancer Institute, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University/The Tumor Hospital of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, 050011, China
| | - Jing Jin
- Cancer Institute, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University/The Tumor Hospital of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, 050011, China
| | - LiQun Wang
- Cancer Institute, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University/The Tumor Hospital of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, 050011, China
| | - Yuejiao Hu
- Hospital Medical Insurance Department, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University/The Tumor Hospital of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Di Liang
- Cancer Institute, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University/The Tumor Hospital of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, 050011, China
| | - Huichai Yang
- Pathology Department, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University/The Tumor Hospital of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yueping Liu
- Pathology Department, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University/The Tumor Hospital of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Baoen Shan
- Cancer Institute, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University/The Tumor Hospital of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, 050011, China.
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28
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Liu S, Song L, Yao H, Zhang L, Xu D, Gao F, Li Q. MiR-375 Is Epigenetically Downregulated by HPV-16 E6 Mediated DNMT1 Upregulation and Modulates EMT of Cervical Cancer Cells by Suppressing lncRNA MALAT1. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0163460. [PMID: 27658300 PMCID: PMC5033370 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0163460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic modulation is an important mechanism of miRNA dysregulation in cervical cancer. In this study, we firstly studied how this mechanism contributes to miR-375 downregulation in cervical cancer cells. Then, we further studied the association between miR-375 and MALAT1 (metastasis associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1) in epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) of the cancer cells. HPV-16 positive SiHa and CaSki cells were used as in vitro model. Our data showed that HPV-16 E6 positively modulated DNMT1 expression in both SiHa and CaSki cells. Knockdown of DNMT1 partly restored miR-375 levels in the cells. The following methylation-specific PCR (MSP) assay and qRT-PCR analysis showed that methylation was common in the promoter region of miR-375 in both SiHa and CaSki cells and demethylation partly restored miR-375 levels in the cells. Therefore, we infer that miR-375 is downregulated partly due to promoter hypermethylation mediated by DNMT1 in HPV-16 positive cervical cancer cells. Our bioinformatics analysis showed that MALAT1 has three putative binding sites with miR-375 and the following dual luciferase assay confirmed two of them. QRT-PCR analysis showed that miR-375 overexpression significantly reduced MALAT1 expression, while MALAT1 overexpression reversely suppressed miR-375 levels. Therefore, we infer that there is a reciprocal regulation between miR-375 and MALAT1 in the cells. In SiHa cells, miR-375 overexpression or MALAT1 siRNA partly restored E-cadherin expression, significantly reduced N-cadherin and also reduced invasion capacity of SiHa cells. Therefore, these results suggest that miR-375 and MALAT1 form a functional axis modulating EMT in cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikai Liu
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Hebei, 061001, China
| | - Lili Song
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Hebei, 061001, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Hairong Yao
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Hebei, 061001, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Hebei, 061001, China
| | - Dongkui Xu
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Hebei, 061001, China
| | - Fangyuan Gao
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Hebei, 061001, China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Hebei, 061001, China
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29
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Hemmatzadeh M, Mohammadi H, Karimi M, Musavishenas MH, Baradaran B. Differential role of microRNAs in the pathogenesis and treatment of Esophageal cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 82:509-19. [PMID: 27470391 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2016] [Revised: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal cancer (EC) is the most invasive disease associated with inclusive poor prognosis. EC usually is found as either adenocarcinoma (EAC) or squamous cell carcinomas (ESCC). ESCC forms in squamous cells and highly occurs in the upper third of the esophagus. EAC appears in glandular cells and ordinarily develops in the lower one third of the esophagus near the stomach. Barrett's esophagus (BE) is a metaplastic precursor of EAC. There is a persistent need for improving our understanding of the molecular basis of this disease. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) demonstrate an uncovered class of small, non-coding RNAs that can negatively regulate the protein coding gene, and are associated with approximately all known physiological and pathological processes, especially cancer. MiRNAs can affect cancer pathogenesis, playing a crucial role as either oncogenes or tumor suppressors. The recent emergence of observations on the role of miRNAs in cancer and their functions has induced many investigations to examine their relevance to esophageal cancer. In esophageal cancer, miRNA dysregulation plays a crucial role in cancer prognosis and in patients' responsiveness to neo-adjuvant and adjuvant therapies. In this review, the oncogenic, tumor suppressive, and drug resistance related roles of miRNAs, and their involvement in the pathogenesis and treatment of esophageal cancer were summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Hemmatzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, International Branch (Aras), Tabriz, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hamed Mohammadi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Karimi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, International Branch (Aras), Tabriz, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Musavishenas
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, International Branch (Aras), Tabriz, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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30
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LÜ LIN, LIU TIANYU, GAO JIAN, ZENG HANQING, CHEN JIA, GU XILING, MEI ZHECHUAN. Aberrant methylation of microRNA-193b in human Barrett's esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:283-8. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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31
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Kwon YJ, Baek HS, Ye DJ, Shin S, Kim D, Chun YJ. CYP1B1 Enhances Cell Proliferation and Metastasis through Induction of EMT and Activation of Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling via Sp1 Upregulation. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0151598. [PMID: 26981862 PMCID: PMC4794175 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 1B1 (CYP1B1) is a major E2 hydroxylase involved in the metabolism of potential carcinogens. CYP1B1 expression has been reported to be higher in tumors compared to normal tissues, especially in hormone-related cancers including breast, ovary, and prostate tumors. To explore the role of CYP1B1 in cancer progression, we investigated the action of CYP1B1 in cells with increased CYP1B1 via the inducer 7,12-dimethylbenz[α]anthracene (DMBA) or an overexpression vector, in addition to decreased CYP1B1 via the inhibitor tetramethoxystilbene (TMS) or siRNA knockdown. We observed that CYP1B1 promoted cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in MCF-7 and MCF-10A cells. To understand its molecular mechanism, we measured key oncogenic proteins including β-catenin, c-Myc, ZEB2, and matrix metalloproteinases following CYP1B1 modulation. CYP1B1 induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and activated Wnt/β-catenin signaling via upregulation of CTNNB1, ZEB2, SNAI1, and TWIST1. Sp1, a transcription factor involved in cell growth and metastasis, was positively regulated by CYP1B1, and suppression of Sp1 expression by siRNA or DNA binding activity using mithramycin A blocked oncogenic transformation by CYP1B1. Therefore, we suggest that Sp1 acts as a key mediator for CYP1B1 action. Treatment with 4-hydroxyestradiol (4-OHE2), a major metabolite generated by CYP1B1, showed similar effects as CYP1B1 overexpression, indicating that CYP1B1 activity mediated various oncogenic events in cells. In conclusion, our data suggests that CYP1B1 promotes cell proliferation and metastasis by inducing EMT and Wnt/β-catenin signaling via Sp1 induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeo-Jung Kwon
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Dong-Jin Ye
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sangyun Shin
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Donghak Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Jin Chun
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail:
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Suzuki H, Maruyama R, Yamamoto E, Niinuma T, Kai M. Relationship Between Noncoding RNA Dysregulation and Epigenetic Mechanisms in Cancer. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 927:109-35. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-1498-7_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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He F, Zuo L. Redox Roles of Reactive Oxygen Species in Cardiovascular Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:27770-80. [PMID: 26610475 PMCID: PMC4661917 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161126059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Revised: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD), a major cause of mortality in the world, has been extensively studied over the past decade. However, the exact mechanism underlying its pathogenesis has not been fully elucidated. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a pivotal role in the progression of CVD. Particularly, ROS are commonly engaged in developing typical characteristics of atherosclerosis, one of the dominant CVDs. This review will discuss the involvement of ROS in atherosclerosis, specifically their effect on inflammation, disturbed blood flow and arterial wall remodeling. Pharmacological interventions target ROS in order to alleviate oxidative stress and CVD symptoms, yet results are varied due to the paradoxical role of ROS in CVD. Lack of effectiveness in clinical trials suggests that understanding the exact role of ROS in the pathophysiology of CVD and developing novel treatments, such as antioxidant gene therapy and nanotechnology-related antioxidant delivery, could provide a therapeutic advance in treating CVDs. While genetic therapies focusing on specific antioxidant expression seem promising in CVD treatments, multiple technological challenges exist precluding its immediate clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng He
- Department of Kinesiology, California State University-Chico, Chico, CA 95929, USA.
| | - Li Zuo
- Molecular Physiology and Rehabilitation Research Lab, Radiologic Sciences and Respiratory Therapy Division, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, the Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
- Interdisciplinary Biophysics Graduate Program, the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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Yang M, Liu R, Li X, Liao J, Pu Y, Pan E, Wang Y, Yin L. Epigenetic Repression of miR-218 Promotes Esophageal Carcinogenesis by Targeting ROBO1. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:27781-95. [PMID: 26610476 PMCID: PMC4661920 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161126062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
miR-218, consisting of miR-218-1 at 4p15.31 and miR-218-2 at 5q35.1, was significantly decreased in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) in our previous study. The aim of this study was to determine whether aberrant methylation is associated with miR-218 repression. Bisulfite sequencing analysis (BSP), methylation specific PCR (MSP), and 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine treatment assay were applied to determine the methyaltion status of miR-218 in cells and clinical samples. In vitro assays were performed to explore the role of miR-218. Results showed that miR-218-1 was significantly CpG hypermethylated in tumor tissues (81%, 34/42) compared with paired non-tumor tissues (33%, 14/42) (p < 0.05). However, no statistical difference was found in miR-218-2. Accordingly, expression of miR-218 was negatively correlated with miR-218-1 methylation status (p < 0.05). After demethylation treatment by 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine, there was a 2.53- and 2.40-fold increase of miR-218 expression in EC109 and EC9706, respectively. miR-218 suppressed cell proliferation and arrested cells at G1 phase by targeting 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) of roundabout guidance receptor 1 (ROBO1). A negative correlation was found between miR-218 and ROBO1 mRNA expression in clinical samples. In conclusion, our results support that aberrant CpG hypermethylation at least partly accounts for miR-218 silencing in ESCC, which impairs its tumor-suppressive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Ran Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Xiajun Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Juan Liao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Yuepu Pu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Enchun Pan
- Huaian Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Huaian 223001, China.
| | - Yi Wang
- Huaian Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Huaian 223001, China.
| | - Lihong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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Dai Z, Pan S, Chen C, Cao L, Li X, Chen X, Su X, Lin S. Down-regulation of succinate dehydrogenase subunit B and up-regulation of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 predicts poor prognosis in recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:5145-52. [PMID: 26547584 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4107-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Succinate dehydrogenase subunit B (SDHB) and pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 (PDK1) play key roles in the regulation of growth and survival of various cancers. This study aimed to investigate expression of SDHB and PDK1 in recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma (rNPC) tissues and analyzed the association of SDHB and PDK1 expression with the clinical significance and potential prognostic implication of rNPC. Immunohistochemistry was performed to determine the expression of SDHB and PDK1 in tissues in primary NPC (pNPC) and rNPC patients. Our results revealed that expression of SDHB in rNPC was significantly lower than that in pNPC, while the expression of PDK1 was higher compared to pNPC. The expression levels of SDHB and PDK1 were associated with T stage, N stage, clinical stage, and metastasis of rNPC. Survival analysis showed that patients with low SDHB expression had a significantly shorter overall survival time than those with high SDHB expression. Patients with high PDK1 expression had a shorter survival time than patients with low PDK1 expression. Multivariate analysis showed that the expression of SDHB and PDK1 was an independent predictor for the survival of patients with rNPC. Our results demonstrated that down-regulation of SDHB and up-regulation of PDK1 may be novel biomarkers for predicting advanced tumor progression and unfavorable prognosis in rNPC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- ZhiJian Dai
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325200, China
| | - Shenhua Pan
- Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Congxi Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325200, China
| | - Longhe Cao
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325200, China
| | - Xianhui Li
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325200, China
| | - Xiaofeng Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325200, China
| | - Xiaoqing Su
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325200, China
| | - Sen Lin
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325200, China.
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Boosani CS, Agrawal DK. Methylation and microRNA-mediated epigenetic regulation of SOCS3. Mol Biol Rep 2015; 42:853-72. [PMID: 25682267 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-015-3860-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic gene silencing of several genes causes different pathological conditions in humans, and DNA methylation has been identified as one of the key mechanisms that underlie this evolutionarily conserved phenomenon associated with developmental and pathological gene regulation. Recent advances in the miRNA technology with high throughput analysis of gene regulation further increased our understanding on the role of miRNAs regulating multiple gene expression. There is increasing evidence supporting that the miRNAs not only regulate gene expression but they also are involved in the hypermethylation of promoter sequences, which cumulatively contributes to the epigenetic gene silencing. Here, we critically evaluated the recent progress on the transcriptional regulation of an important suppressor protein that inhibits cytokine-mediated signaling, SOCS3, whose expression is directly regulated both by promoter methylation and also by microRNAs, affecting its vital cell regulating functions. SOCS3 was identified as a potent inhibitor of Jak/Stat signaling pathway which is frequently upregulated in several pathologies, including cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, viral infections, and the expression of SOCS3 was inhibited or greatly reduced due to hypermethylation of the CpG islands in its promoter region or suppression of its expression by different microRNAs. Additionally, we discuss key intracellular signaling pathways regulated by SOCS3 involving cellular events, including cell proliferation, cell growth, cell migration and apoptosis. Identification of the pathway intermediates as specific targets would not only aid in the development of novel therapeutic drugs, but, would also assist in developing new treatment strategies that could successfully be employed in combination therapy to target multiple signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandra S Boosani
- Center for Clinical and Translational Science, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE, 68178, USA
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Winther M, Alsner J, Tramm T, Baeksgaard L, Holtved E, Nordsmark M. Evaluation of miR-21 and miR-375 as prognostic biomarkers in esophageal cancer. Acta Oncol 2015; 54:1582-91. [PMID: 26481465 DOI: 10.3109/0284186x.2015.1064161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been associated with prognosis in esophageal cancer, suggesting a role for miRNAs to help guide treatment decisions. Especially, miR-21 and miR-375 have been investigated as prognostic biomarkers. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic potential of miR-21 and miR-375 in primary esophageal squamous cell carcinomas (ESCC) and esophagogastric adenocarcinomas (EAC). MATERIAL AND METHODS Pre-therapeutic tumor specimens from 195 patients with loco-regional esophageal cancer treated with neoadjuvant or definitive chemoradiotherapy or perioperative chemotherapy were analyzed. Expression levels of miR-21 and miR-375 were quantified using Affymetrix GeneChip miRNA 1.0 Array. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to assess the correlation of miR-21 and miR-375 with disease-specific survival (DSS) and overall survival (OS). Forest plots were performed to evaluate the prognostic impact of miR-21 and miR-375 in the present study and previously published reports. RESULTS In ESCC, patients with miR-21 expression levels above median showed a trend towards poorer DSS and OS. When dividing miR-21 expression by tertiles, high levels of miR-21 significantly correlated with shortened DSS [HR 1.76 (95% CI 1.05-2.97) but not OS. Similarly for EAC, a significant association between miR-21 expression above median and DSS was observed [HR 3.37 (95% CI 1.41-8.05)], in addition to a trend towards poorer OS for patients with miR-21 expression above median. Multivariate analyses identified miR-21 as an independent prognostic marker for DSS in EAC [HR 3.52 (95% CI 1.06-11.69)]. High miR-375 was not correlated with improved prognosis in either histology. However, Forest plots demonstrated that both miR-21 and miR-375 were of prognostic impact in ESCC. CONCLUSION In this study, miR-21 was identified as an independent prognostic biomarker for DSS in patients with EAC whereas miR-21 failed to show independent prognostic significance in ESCC. High miR-375 was not associated with enhanced survival in either histology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mette Winther
- a Department of Experimental Clinical Oncology , Aarhus University Hospital , Aarhus , Denmark
| | - Jan Alsner
- a Department of Experimental Clinical Oncology , Aarhus University Hospital , Aarhus , Denmark
| | - Trine Tramm
- b Department of Pathology , Aarhus University Hospital , Aarhus , Denmark
| | - Lene Baeksgaard
- c Department of Oncology , Rigshospitalet , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Eva Holtved
- d Department of Oncology , Odense University Hospital , Odense , Denmark
| | - Marianne Nordsmark
- e Department of Oncology , Aarhus University Hospital , Aarhus , Denmark
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Sharma P, Sharma R. miRNA-mRNA crosstalk in esophageal cancer: From diagnosis to therapy. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2015; 96:449-62. [PMID: 26257289 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2015.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Revised: 04/11/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The asymptomatic nature of esophageal cancer (EC) at early stages results in late clinical presentation leading to poor prognosis and limited success of therapeutic modalities. Efforts to identify diagnostic/prognostic markers have proven to be unsuccessful for translation into clinics. Hence, there is a pressing need for establishment of novel non-invasive biomarker for early diagnosis/better prognosis of EC. Recently, alteration in microRNA (miRNA) expression has emerged as an important hallmark of cancer. This review summarizes the differential expression of miRNAs in EC and addresses how their aberrant expression influences crucial biological processes such as apoptosis, cell proliferation, invasion and metastasis. Additionally, this review highlights the current status of circulating miRNA based diagnostic/prognostic markers. An effort has been made to find a connection between different miRNAs involved in EC and a detailed analysis has been done to screen out micoRNAs involved in prognosis and multidrug resistance. Further, investigation of these miRNAs would not only provide a gene therapy based strategy to prevent/treat cancer but also to reverse multidrug resistance leading to decreased requirement of harmful chemotherapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Sharma
- Research Scholar, University School of Biotechnology, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, New Delhi 110078, India.
| | - Rinu Sharma
- Assistant Professor, University School of Biotechnology, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Sector 16C Dwarka, New Delhi 110078, India.
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Loginov VI, Rykov SV, Fridman MV, Braga EA. Methylation of miRNA genes and oncogenesis. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2015; 80:145-62. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006297915020029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Prognostic significance of microRNA-375 downregulation in solid tumors: a meta-analysis. DISEASE MARKERS 2014; 2014:626185. [PMID: 25404787 PMCID: PMC4227452 DOI: 10.1155/2014/626185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Revised: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Objective. Recently, many studies have shown that microRNAs (miRNA) exhibit altered expression in various cancers and may play an important role as prognostic biomarker of cancers. We performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the impact of miR-375 expression in solid tumors on patients' overall survival (OS). Methods. Studies were identified by searching PubMed, Embace, and Cochrane Library (last search update was in May 2014) and were assessed by further quality evaluation. The pooled hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for total and stratified analyses were calculated to investigate the association between miR-375 expression and cancer patients OS. Results. Our analysis results indicated that downregulation of miR-375 predicted poor OS (HR = 1.91, 95% CI 1.48–2.45, P < 0.001). Subgroup analyses showed that lower expression of miR-375 was significantly related with poor OS in patients with esophageal carcinoma (HR = 2.24, 95% CI 1.69–2.96, P < 0.001) and non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) (HR = 1.71, 95% CI 1.31–2.24, P < 0.001). Conclusions. The findings from this meta-analysis suggest that miR-375 expression is associated with OS of patients with malignant tumors and could be a useful clinical prognostic biomarker.
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Pourrajab F, Babaei Zarch M, BaghiYazdi M, Hekmatimoghaddam S, Zare-Khormizi MR. MicroRNA-based system in stem cell reprogramming; differentiation/dedifferentiation. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2014; 55:318-28. [PMID: 25150833 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2014.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Revised: 08/09/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells (SCs) have self-renew ability and give rise to committed progenitors of a single or multiple lineages. Elucidating the genetic circuits that govern SCs to self-renew and to differentiate is essential to understand the roles of SCs and promise of these cells in regenerative medicine. MicroRNAs are widespread agents playing critical roles in regulatory networks of transcriptional expression and have been strongly linked with SCs for simultaneous maintenance of pluripotency properties such as self-renewal. This review aims to provide state-of-the-art presentations on microRNA-dependent molecular mechanisms contribute to the maintenance of pluripotency. Understanding the microRNA signature interactions, in conjunction with cell signaling, is critical for development of improved strategies to reprogram differentiated cells or direct differentiation of pluripotent cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Pourrajab
- School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran; Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
| | | | - Mohammad BaghiYazdi
- School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
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Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE microRNAs (miRNA) have been characterized as master regulators of the genome. As such, miRNAs are responsible for regulating almost every cellular pathway, including the DNA damage response (DDR) after ionizing radiation (IR). IR is a therapeutic tool that is used for the treatment of several types of cancer, yet the mechanism behind radiation response is not fully understood. RECENT ADVANCES It has been demonstrated that IR can alter miRNA expression profiles, varying greatly from one cell type to the next. It is possible that this variation contributes to the range of tumor cell responsiveness that is observed after radiotherapy, especially considering the extensive role for miRNAs in regulating the DDR. In addition, individual miRNAs or miRNA families have been shown to play a multifaceted role in the DDR, regulating multiple members in a single pathway. CRITICAL ISSUES In this review, we will discuss the effects of radiation on miRNA expression as well as explore the function of miRNAs in regulating the cellular response to radiation-induced damage. We will discuss the importance of miRNA regulation at each stage of the DDR, including signal transduction, DNA damage sensing, cell cycle checkpoint activation, DNA double-strand break repair, and apoptosis. We will focus on emphasizing the importance of a single miRNA targeting several mediators within a pathway. FUTURE DIRECTIONS miRNAs will continue to emerge as critical regulators of the DDR. Understanding the role of miRNAs in the response to IR will provide insights for improving the current standard therapy.
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Fu W, Pang L, Chen Y, Yang L, Zhu J, Wei Y. The microRNAs as prognostic biomarkers for survival in esophageal cancer: a meta-analysis. ScientificWorldJournal 2014; 2014:523979. [PMID: 25097879 PMCID: PMC4109072 DOI: 10.1155/2014/523979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Revised: 05/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We performed this meta-analysis to summarize all the results from available studies, aiming delineating the prognostic role of miRNA in esophageal cancer. DESIGN AND METHODS We searched the electronic databases PubMed, EMBASE, and ISI Web of Science without time restrictions for the correlative literature to aggregate the survival results. Relevant data were extracted from studies investigating the relationship between miRNAs expression and survival in esophageal cancer patients. Pooled hazard ratios of miR-21 and miR-375 for OS in ESCC were calculated. RESULTS A total of 25 studies involving 2,258 subjects analyzed the relationship between miRNA and prognosis of EC. In all, thirty-nine miRNAs associated with prognosis were reported in these studies. The pooled HR of higher miR-21 expression compared with lower miR-21 expression in ESCC was 1.84 (95% CI: 1.41-2.40, P < 0.001), which could significantly predict poorer OS in ESCC. Besides, higher miR-375 was also a significant predictor for OS in ESCC, with a pooled HR of 0.55 (95% CI: 0.42-0.72, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Our results support that miR-21 and miR-375 have a prognostic role in ESCC and may be useful therapeutic targets for the treatment of ESCC and meticulous follow-up for early detection of recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Fu
- Medical College of Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832000, China
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Hospital of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Urumchi, Xinjiang 830002, China
| | - Lijuan Pang
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832000, China
| | - Yunzhao Chen
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832000, China
| | - Lan Yang
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832000, China
| | - Janbo Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832000, China
| | - Yutao Wei
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Hospital of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Urumchi, Xinjiang 830002, China
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, First Hospital Affiliated to Medical College of Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832000, China
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Ottley E, Gold E. microRNA and non-canonical TGF-β signalling: implications for prostate cancer therapy. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2014; 92:49-60. [PMID: 24985060 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2014.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Revised: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of prostate cancer is increasing worldwide and marks a significant health issue. Paired with this, current therapeutic options for advanced prostate cancer, notably androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), fail to provide a consistent level of efficacy throughout the treatment period, highlighting the need for new robust therapies. Growth factors, such as Transforming Growth Factor-beta (TGF-β), possess the ability to impede cancer development in the early stages, via alterations in either apoptosis, cell proliferation, or the promotion of cellular senescence. However, later in the pathogenesis, advanced prostate cancer cells become insensitive to the previously beneficial effects of TGF-β. The molecular mechanisms behind this acquired insensitivity are not well understood. Thus, the aim of this review is to examine the effects of a class of small non-coding RNA, microRNA (miRNA), on TGF-β signalling. The impact of miRNA on the canonical TGF-β Smad signalling pathway has been well investigated, hence, in this review, we will examine whether miRNA targeting members of non-canonical TGF-β signalling members, such as, Erk, RhoA, PI3K/Akt and JNK/p38 could provide alternate therapeutic options for advanced prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Ottley
- Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Elspeth Gold
- Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
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45
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Functional screening identifies miRNAs influencing apoptosis and proliferation in colorectal cancer. PLoS One 2014; 9:e96767. [PMID: 24892549 PMCID: PMC4043686 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a critical role in many biological processes and are aberrantly expressed in human cancers. Particular miRNAs function either as tumor suppressors or oncogenes and appear to have diagnostic and prognostic significance. Although numerous miRNAs are dys-regulated in colorectal cancer (CRC) only a small fraction has been characterized functionally. Using high-throughput functional screening and miRNA profiling of clinical samples the present study aims at identifying miRNAs important for the control of cellular growth and/or apoptosis in CRC. The high-throughput functional screening was carried out in six CRC cell lines transfected with a pre-miR library including 319 synthetic human pre-miRs. Phenotypic alterations were evaluated by immunostaining of cleaved cPARP (apoptosis) or MKI67 (proliferation). Additionally, TaqMan Human MicroRNA Array Set v2.0 was used to profile the expression of 667 miRNAs in 14 normal colon mucosa and 46 microsatellite stable stage II CRC patients. Among the miRNAs that induced growth arrest and apoptosis in the CRC cell lines, and at same time were dys-regulated in the clinical samples, miR-375 was selected for further analysis. Independent in vitro analysis of transient and stable transfected CRC cell lines confirmed that miR-375 reduces cell viability through the induction of apoptotic death. We identified YAP1 as a direct miR-375 target in CRC and show that HELLS and NOLC1 are down-stream targets. Knock-down of YAP1 mimicked the phenotype induced by miR-375 over-expression indicating that miR-375 most likely exerts its pro-apoptotic role through YAP1 and its anti-apoptotic down-stream targets BIRC5 and BCL2L1. Finally, in vivo analysis of mouse xenograft tumors showed that miR-375 expression significantly reduced tumor growth. We conclude that the high-throughput screening successfully identified miRNAs that induce apoptosis and/or inhibit proliferation in CRC cells. Finally, combining the functional screening with profiling of CRC tissue samples we identified clinically relevant miRNAs and miRNA targets in CRC.
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Ahrens TD, Werner M, Lassmann S. Epigenetics in esophageal cancers. Cell Tissue Res 2014; 356:643-55. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-014-1876-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Zhou J, Song S, He S, Zhu X, Zhang Y, Yi B, Zhang B, Qin G, Li D. MicroRNA-375 targets PDK1 in pancreatic carcinoma and suppresses cell growth through the Akt signaling pathway. Int J Mol Med 2014; 33:950-6. [PMID: 24481267 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2014.1638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2013] [Accepted: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) are believed to have great potential for use as molecular targets in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. In this study, we demonstrate that miR-375 is downregulated in pancreatic carcinoma (PC) tissues and PC cell lines. We found that miR-375 negatively regulates the expression of 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 (PDK1) by directly targeting the 3'UTR of the PDK1 transcript. To investigate the biological roles and the potential mechanisms of action of miR‑375, we induced either the up- or downregulation of miR-375 expression by transfecting various PC cells with miR-375 mimics or an inhibitor. Our results revealed that the upregulation of miR-375 inhibited cell growth and induced cell apoptosis, while the downregulation of miR-375 with the inhibitor had the opposite effect. In addition, our data demonstrate that miR-375 suppresses the malignant behavior of PC cells through the Akt signaling pathway rather than mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways. Taken together, our findings indicate that targeting miR-375 by a genetic approach may provide a novel strategy for the treatment of PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Shiduo Song
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Songbing He
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Xinguo Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Bin Yi
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Bing Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Gongzhao Qin
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215003, P.R. China
| | - Dechun Li
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
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Fu C, Dong W, Wang Z, Li H, Qin Q, Li B. The expression of miR-21 and miR-375 predict prognosis of esophageal cancer. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 446:1197-203. [PMID: 24680681 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.03.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND MicroRNA is a class of small, well-conserved, non-coding RNAs, and could play a potential role as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of esophageal cancers. We aimed to review comprehensively the evidence of microRNA as prognostic biomarkers in esophageal cancers. METHODS Studies were identified by searching PubMed, Embase and Web of Science until November 2013. Descriptive characteristics of studies were described and an additional meta-analysis for specific microRNAs which were studied most frequently was performed. Pooled hazard ratios (HRs) and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. Fixed model or random model method was chosen depending on the heterogeneity among the studies. RESULTS Twenty-two studies including a total of 1946 participants were enrolled after a strict filtering and qualifying process. Among 33 prognostic microRNAs identified for esophageal cancer, miR-21 and miR-375 appeared more frequently. The median study size was 70.5 patients (29-249 patients) and the median HR was 3.305 (IQR=1.615-7.31). For the studies evaluating miR-21's association with overall survival (OS), the pooled HR suggested that high level of miR-21 has a negative impact on OS (HR=1.52[1.17-1.98], P=0.001). As for miR-375, the pooled HR for OS (high/low) was 0.53 (95% CI: 0.39-0.73, P<0.001), indicated that low level of miR-375 has a negative impact on OS. These results indicated that microRNAs show promising associations with prognosis in esophageal cancer. Up-regulation of miR-21 and down-regulation of miR-375 can predict unfavourable prognosis in esophageal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengrui Fu
- Sixth Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital, Jinan, Shandong Province, China; School of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Jinan - Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Wei Dong
- Sixth Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital, Jinan, Shandong Province, China; Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Province, China
| | - Zhiwu Wang
- Sixth Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital, Jinan, Shandong Province, China; Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Province, China
| | - Hongsheng Li
- Sixth Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Qin Qin
- Sixth Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Baosheng Li
- Sixth Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital, Jinan, Shandong Province, China.
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Yan JW, Liao JZ, Lin JS, He XX. Roles of miR-375 in digestive tumors. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2014; 22:654-660. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v22.i5.654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a group of small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally. A large body of evidence has indicated that dysregulation of miRNAs is an important hallmark of cancer. MiRNAs modulate malignant phenotypes of cancer by repressing many critical oncogenes or tumor suppressors. MiR-375 was firstly identified in pancreatic beta-cells and it can regulate insulin secretion and pancreatic development. Further studies found that miR-375 is significantly downregulated in multiple types of tumors, especially digestive system tumors, such as hepatocellular carcinoma, gastric cancer, esophageal cancer, and pancreatic cancer. Overexpression of miR-375 represses target genes, such as AEG-1, JAK2, ATG7, IGF1R, PDK1, 14-3-3Z and YAP1, and thereby inhibits malignant properties of cancer. It is also found that miR-375 in tissues or circulation could be used as a biomarker for diagnosis or prognosis prediction in digestive system tumors. Since miR-375 play an important role in the initiation and progression of digestive system tumors, it can become a novel therapeutic target. Monitoring the levels of miR-375 may contribute to the early diagnosis and prognosis prediction.
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Hong L, Han Y, Zhang H, Zhao Q, Wu K, Fan D. Prognosis-related microRNAs in esophageal cancer. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2014; 14:483-9. [PMID: 24506707 DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2014.882896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite improvements in detection, surgical resection and adjuvant therapy, the prognosis of esophageal cancer (EC) patients is dismal. A number of microRNAs (miRNAs) are related with the prognosis of EC. AREAS COVERED This review summarises the recent advances in prognosis-related miRNAs in EC and also analyses the molecular functions that they provide. This study further envisages future developments in the potential clinical applications of these miRNAs. EXPERT OPINION Altered miRNA expression of cancer tissues is useful for predicting the prognosis of EC patients. Individual circulating miRNAs have the potential to be used as novel biomarkers. Continued basic studies are warranted to gain more mechanistic insights into the functional effect of prognosis-related miRNAs on EC. More clinical trials should be performed to promote the clinical use of prognosis-related miRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Hong
- Fourth Military Medical University, Xijing Hospital, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases , Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi Province , China +86 29 84773974 ; +86 29 82539041 ; ,
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