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Zambrano MGG, Yoon SG, Lee JY, An J. Effect of aging on polyethylene microfiber surface properties and its consequence on adsorption characteristics of 17alpha-ethynylestradiol. Sci Prog 2023; 106:368504231173835. [PMID: 37166965 PMCID: PMC10358710 DOI: 10.1177/00368504231173835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
This study assessed the interactive changes to the endocrine disruptor 17 alpha-ethynylestradiol (EE2) triggered by photoaging onto fibrous microplastics frequently found in the environment. The physicochemical property change of the polyethylene (PE) microfiber according to irradiation (i.e. 14 d UV-C (254 nm)) was studied through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope, and contact angle analysis. Additionally, the EE2 adsorption kinetics experiment was performed for the PE microfiber before and after UV irradiation to assess the change in adsorption characteristics. After UV irradiation, the PE microfiber surface roughness increased, the oxygen-containing functional group (e.g. carbonyl group) increased, and the contact angle (virgin PE: 80.02°, aged PE: 65.13°) decreased. A decrease in the surface hydrophobicity led to a decrease in the adsorption rate of EE2 (virgin PE: k = 0.0105 h-1, aged PE: not calculated). The hydrophobic interaction significantly affects the adsorption behavior of hydrophobic organic pollutants such as EE2 onto MPs, and continuous photo-aging of MPs may cause a new pattern of ecological risk. Therefore, there is a greater necessity for additional research relevant to this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sang-Gyu Yoon
- Department of Smart City Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan, South Korea
| | - Jin-Yong Lee
- Department of Geology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Jinsung An
- Department of Smart City Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan, South Korea
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan, South Korea
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2
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Morozov AA, Berezina NA, Sladkova SV, Chernova EN, Yurchenko VV. Biochemical and respiratory parameters in a gastropod Radix balthica exposed to diclofenac. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2022; 252:109240. [PMID: 34752897 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2021.109240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Diclofenac, an anti-inflammatory drug, is often detected in natural waters in the ng/L to μg/L range, posing a threat to aquatic organisms. The study focused on the effects of diclofenac in a gastropod mollusk Radix balthica. A 72-h exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of diclofenac caused deviations from the baseline activities of the studied enzymes in the digestive gland of snails. Acetylcholinesterase activity was induced by the end of exposure, with the most pronounced increase at 3 μg/L. Results on glutathione-S-transferase activity were nonuniform, and no significant variations were observed in thiobarbituric acid reactive substances concentrations, indicating that diclofenac did not cause oxidative stress in the digestive gland of R. balthica at 0.04-4 μg/L range. Diclofenac lowered the oxygen consumption rate in snails in a concentration-dependent manner. At concentrations ≥0.9 μg/L, animals attempted to switch aquatic respiration to breathing air to regulate their metabolic needs. The study showed that diclofenac at environmentally relevant concentrations affected the fitness of R. balthica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey A Morozov
- Papanin Institute for Biology of Inland Waters Russian Academy of Sciences, Borok 152742, Russia.
| | - Nadezhda A Berezina
- Zoological Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences, Universitetskaya emb. 1, St.-Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Svetlana V Sladkova
- St Petersburg Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 14th Line V.O. 39, St. Petersburg 199178, Russia; St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya emb. 7-9, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Ekaterina N Chernova
- St Petersburg Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 14th Line V.O. 39, St. Petersburg 199178, Russia
| | - Victoria V Yurchenko
- Papanin Institute for Biology of Inland Waters Russian Academy of Sciences, Borok 152742, Russia
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3
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Ramírez-Montero MDC, Gómez-Oliván LM, Gutiérrez-Noya VM, Orozco-Hernández JM, Islas-Flores H, Elizalde-Velázquez GA, SanJuan-Reyes N, Galar-Martínez M. Acute exposure to 17-α-ethinylestradiol disrupt the embryonic development and oxidative status of Danio rerio. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2022; 251:109199. [PMID: 34607023 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2021.109199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
17-Alpha-ethinylestradiol (EE2) is an estrogen derived from estradiol (E2). This compound and is one of the most widely used drugs both in humans and animals. Numerous studies have reported the ability of EE2 to alter sex determination and delay sexual maturity, but there are toxic effects that need to be explored. In this work, we analyzed the effect of EE2 on embryonic development and oxidative stress biomarkers in Danio rerio. For this effect, zebrafish embryos in the blastula period (2.5 h post fecundation) were exposed to different concentrations of EE2 (36-106 ng L-1) until 96 hpf. Survival, alterations to embryonic development, and teratogenic effects were evaluated using a stereomicroscope. Furthermore, oxidative stress biomarkers: superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activities, lipid peroxidation (LPX), hydroperoxide content (HPX), and protein carbonyl content (POX) were evaluated at 72 and 96 hpf using spectrophotometric methods. LC50 and EC50 of malformations got values of 82 ng L-1 and 57.7 ng L-1, respectively. The main teratogenic effects found were: chorda malformation, body malformation, and developmental delay. These alterations occurred at 86, 96, and 106 ng L-1. Integrated biomarker index showed that the oxidative stress biomarkers that had the most influence on embryos were SOD, CAT, GPX, and LPX. Overall, our results allow us to conclude that low concentrations of EE2 may potentially alter the development and oxidative status in the early life stages of zebrafish. Therefore, this bio-active estrogen can be considered a hazardous substance for fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Del Carmen Ramírez-Montero
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colón intersección Paseo Tollocan, Colonia Residencial Colón, CP 50120 Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Leobardo Manuel Gómez-Oliván
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colón intersección Paseo Tollocan, Colonia Residencial Colón, CP 50120 Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico.
| | - Verónica Margarita Gutiérrez-Noya
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colón intersección Paseo Tollocan, Colonia Residencial Colón, CP 50120 Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - José Manuel Orozco-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colón intersección Paseo Tollocan, Colonia Residencial Colón, CP 50120 Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Hariz Islas-Flores
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colón intersección Paseo Tollocan, Colonia Residencial Colón, CP 50120 Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Gustavo Axel Elizalde-Velázquez
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colón intersección Paseo Tollocan, Colonia Residencial Colón, CP 50120 Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Nely SanJuan-Reyes
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colón intersección Paseo Tollocan, Colonia Residencial Colón, CP 50120 Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Marcela Galar-Martínez
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Acuática, Departamento de Farmacia, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Profesional Adolfo López Mateos, Av. Wilfrido Massieu s/n y cerrada Manuel Stampa, Col. Industrial Vallejo, Ciudad de México CP 07700, Mexico
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Lebreton M, Malgouyres JM, Carayon JL, Bonnafé E, Géret F. Effects of the anxiolytic benzodiazepine oxazepam on freshwater gastropod reproduction: a prospective study. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2021; 30:1880-1892. [PMID: 34379245 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-021-02453-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Psychoactive drugs have emerged as contaminants over the last few decades. These drugs are frequently prescribed and poorly eliminated by wastewater treatment plants, and many are present at non-negligible concentrations in surface waters. Several studies have investigated the non-target organism toxicity of one such drug, oxazepam, a benzodiazepine anxiolytic frequently detected in rivers. However, very little is known about the impact of this drug on reproduction. We investigated the effects of environmentally relevant concentrations of oxazepam on Radix balthica, a freshwater gastropod widespread in Europe. We identified the reproductive organs of Radix balthica. We then exposed this gastropod to oxazepam for two months and assessed several reproductive parameters, from reproductive organ status to behavioral parameters. We found that adults exposed to 10 µg/L oxazepam display an increase in the density of spermatozoa, and that adults exposed to 0.8 µg/L oxazepam displayed a decrease in the number of eggs per egg mass over time. By contrast, oxazepam had no effect on shell length, the size of male reproductive organs or social interactions. Finally, a locomotor activity analysis showed the distance covered over time decreased in all conditions of exposure to oxazepam, potentially reflecting a disturbance of exploratory activity. These results shed light on the effects of oxazepam on the reproduction of a non-target freshwater mollusk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgane Lebreton
- Biochimie et Toxicologie des Substances Bioactives, EA 7417, INU Champollion, Albi, France.
| | - Jean-Michel Malgouyres
- Biochimie et Toxicologie des Substances Bioactives, EA 7417, INU Champollion, Albi, France
| | - Jean-Luc Carayon
- Biochimie et Toxicologie des Substances Bioactives, EA 7417, INU Champollion, Albi, France
| | - Elsa Bonnafé
- Biochimie et Toxicologie des Substances Bioactives, EA 7417, INU Champollion, Albi, France
| | - Florence Géret
- Biochimie et Toxicologie des Substances Bioactives, EA 7417, INU Champollion, Albi, France
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Rodrigues S, Silva AM, Antunes SC. Assessment of 17α-ethinylestradiol effects in Daphnia magna: life-history traits, biochemical and genotoxic parameters. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:23160-23173. [PMID: 33442804 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-12323-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of pharmaceuticals in aquatic ecosystems and the need to study them have increased over the years since they enter continuously the environment. Besides, these compounds are not intended for applications with environmental purposes, and therefore, little is known about their ecological effects, particularly in non-target organisms, as invertebrate species. Inside these substances, endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) have recently come into the limelight, due to environmental concentrations and consequently their detrimental effects on different organisms. 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) has been detected in the aquatic environment in various locations around the globe since it is the main synthetic hormone used as a female oral contraceptive and is also applied in veterinary medicine and animal production. The present study was intended to assess the chronic effects of EE2, in the non-target organism as Daphnia magna. Thus, to analyze the individual and subindividual impact, this aquatic organism was chronically exposed (21 days) to 0.00 (control group), 0.10, 1.00, 10.0, and 100 μg/L of EE2. Results here obtained demonstrated that D. magna exposed to the EE2 concentrations had significant effects in individual (life-history) and sub-individual (biochemical levels) parameters. Alterations as anticipation in the age at first reproduction, a decrease of the growth rate, oxidative stress, and lipid peroxidation were detected, as well as genotoxic damage. Therefore, it was possible to infer that EE2 can disrupt several metabolic pathways and physiological functions of D. magna, since EE2 demonstrated ecotoxicity, at environmentally relevant concentrations. This work reinforces the importance of examining the effects of more relevant exposures (more prolonged and with ecologically pertinent concentrations) of potential endocrine disruptors like EE2, to the freshwater organisms and ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Rodrigues
- Departamento de Biologia da Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal.
- CIMAR/CIIMAR, Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Matosinhos, Portugal.
| | - Ana Marta Silva
- Departamento de Biologia da Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sara Cristina Antunes
- Departamento de Biologia da Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
- CIMAR/CIIMAR, Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Matosinhos, Portugal
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6
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Lebreton M, Sire S, Carayon JL, Malgouyres JM, Vignet C, Géret F, Bonnafé E. Low concentrations of oxazepam induce feeding and molecular changes in Radix balthica juveniles. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2021; 230:105694. [PMID: 33316747 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2020.105694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Psychotropics, especially benzodiazepines, are commonly prescribed worldwide. Poorly eliminated at wastewater treatment plants, they belong to a group of emerging contaminants. Due to their interaction with the GABAA receptor, they may affect the function of the nervous system of non-target organisms, such as aquatic organisms. The toxicity of oxazepam, a very frequently detected benzodiazepine in continental freshwater, has been largely studied in aquatic vertebrates over the last decade. However, its effects on freshwater non-vertebrates have received much less attention. We aimed to evaluate the long-term effects of oxazepam on the juvenile stage of a freshwater gastropod widespread in Europe, Radix balthica. Juveniles were exposed for a month to environmentally-relevant concentrations of oxazepam found in rivers (0.8 μg/L) and effluents (10 μg/L). Three main physiological functions were studied: feeding, growth, and locomotion. Additionally, gene expression analysis was performed to provide insights into toxicity mechanisms. There was a strong short-term activation of the feeding rate at low concentration, whereas the high dose resulted in long-term inhibition of food intake. A significant decrease in mortality rate was observed in juveniles exposed to the lowest dose. Shell growth and locomotor activity did not appear to be affected by oxazepam. Transcriptomic analysis revealed global over-expression of genes involved in the nervous regulation of the feeding, digestive, and locomotion systems after oxazepam exposure. The molecular analysis also revealed a possible interference of animal manipulation with the molecular effects induced by oxazepam exposure. Overall, these results improve our understanding of the effects of the psychoactive drug oxazepam on an aquatic mollusc gastropod.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgane Lebreton
- Biochimie et Toxicologie des Substances Bioactives, EA 7417, INU Champollion, Albi, France.
| | - Sacha Sire
- Biochimie et Toxicologie des Substances Bioactives, EA 7417, INU Champollion, Albi, France.
| | - Jean-Luc Carayon
- Biochimie et Toxicologie des Substances Bioactives, EA 7417, INU Champollion, Albi, France.
| | - Jean-Michel Malgouyres
- Biochimie et Toxicologie des Substances Bioactives, EA 7417, INU Champollion, Albi, France.
| | - Caroline Vignet
- Biochimie et Toxicologie des Substances Bioactives, EA 7417, INU Champollion, Albi, France.
| | - Florence Géret
- Biochimie et Toxicologie des Substances Bioactives, EA 7417, INU Champollion, Albi, France.
| | - Elsa Bonnafé
- Biochimie et Toxicologie des Substances Bioactives, EA 7417, INU Champollion, Albi, France.
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7
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Islam R, Kit Yu RM, O'Connor WA, Anh Tran TK, Andrew-Priestley M, Leusch FDL, MacFarlane GR. Parental exposure to the synthetic estrogen 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) affects offspring development in the Sydney rock oyster, Saccostrea glomerata. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 266:114994. [PMID: 32653741 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Very little is currently known regarding the effects of estrogenic endocrine disrupting chemicals on embryonic and larval development in molluscs, nor the potential effects of parental (F0) exposure on resultant F1 offspring. In this study, we assessed the embryotoxic impacts of exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of the synthetic estrogen, 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2), to male and female parents (50 ng/L) and their offspring (5 and 50 ng/L) in the native Australian Sydney rock oyster, Saccostrea glomerata. There were no detectable effects of parental exposure on fertilisation success, proportions of early larval (F1) morphs and unfertilised eggs. Offspring impacts were evidenced in terms of developmental delays, with decreased percentages of D-veligers retained by 45 μm mesh, along with a reduction of swimming capabilities of larvae at 2 days post-fertilisation (dpf) when both parents had been exposed to 50 ng/L EE2. Although no significant parental effects were found on the survival of F1 larvae at 9 dpf, retardation of shell growth was observed on F1 larvae in treatments where both parents had been exposed to 50 ng/L EE2. Subsequent larval exposure from 2 to 9 dpf caused declines in survival and reduction of shell length in F1 larvae at both 5 and 50 ng/L EE2 across all parental exposure treatments. Collectively, parental EE2 imparts effects on offspring in terms of retardation of larval development, and subsequent offspring exposure to EE2 further exacerbates impacts to development. Future research should aim to understand the potential mechanisms of EE2 induced toxicity and its transmission resulting in altered phenotypes of the F1 generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafiquel Islam
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Islamic University, Kushtia 7003, Bangladesh
| | - Richard Man Kit Yu
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Wayne A O'Connor
- New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Port Stephens Fisheries Institute, Taylors Beach, NSW 2316, Australia
| | - Thi Kim Anh Tran
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; School of Agriculture and Resources, Vinh University, Viet Nam
| | | | - Frederic D L Leusch
- Australian Rivers Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Geoff R MacFarlane
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
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Luís de Sá Salomão A, Hauser-Davis RA, Marques M. Critical knowledge gaps and relevant variables requiring consideration when performing aquatic ecotoxicity assays. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 203:110941. [PMID: 32678749 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The increasing diversity and complexity of contaminants released in the environment continuously lead to new challenges when applying ecotoxicity assays. This paper comprises a review concerning exposure assessment and highlights important variables that should be taken into account when investigating aquatic media toxicity under both laboratory or field conditions. Thus, to reflect as much as possible what occurs in nature, ecotoxicity assays must carefully consider these variables in their experimental design. This includes contaminant properties, the selected bioindicators and biomarkers, the dose mode/regime, concentration vs. load, exposure to single vs. multiple contaminants and exposure of single vs. multiple species. Many of these, however, are not usually taken into account, leading to critical knowledge gaps in this area, discussed in detail herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Luís de Sá Salomão
- Rio de Janeiro State University - UERJ, Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524, 5024E, CEP 20550-900, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Rachel Ann Hauser-Davis
- Laboratório de Avaliação e Promoção da Saúde Ambiental, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Brasil, 4.365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Marcia Marques
- Rio de Janeiro State University - UERJ, Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524, 5024E, CEP 20550-900, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Pusceddu FH, Sugauara LE, de Marchi MR, Choueri RB, Castro ÍB. Estrogen levels in surface sediments from a multi-impacted Brazilian estuarine system. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2019; 142:576-580. [PMID: 31232341 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.03.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Estrogen levels were assessed in surface sediments from one of the most industrialized and urbanized estuarine systems in Latin America (SSES, Santos and São Vicente estuarine system). Estriol (E3) presented quantifiable levels in all sampled sites, ranging from 20.9 ng g-1 to 694.2 ng g-1. 17β-estradiol (E2) and 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) were also detected in almost all sampled sites. The highest concentration of E2 was 23.9 ng g-1, whereas high levels of EE2 86.3 ng g-1. The occurrence of estrogens in SSES was diffuse and partially related to a domestic sewage outfall. Estrogens were also found in areas with substantial contribution of sanitary effluents from domiciles not covered by sanitation services. Our results reinforce that studies on environmental contamination by estrogens should not be spatially limited to the vicinities of point sources. These results contribute to raise awareness on the need of a formal approach to assess ecological risks of estrogens in the SSES.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lucy Elaine Sugauara
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto de Química, Univ. Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Mary Rodrigues de Marchi
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto de Química, Univ. Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, Brazil
| | | | - Ítalo Braga Castro
- Departamento de Ciências do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, Brazil
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Vosshage ATL, Neu TR, Gabel F. Plastic Alters Biofilm Quality as Food Resource of the Freshwater Gastropod Radix balthica. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:11387-11393. [PMID: 30160948 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b02470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
High amounts of plastic debris enter and accumulate in freshwater systems across the globe. The plastic contamination of benthic habitats in lakes and running waters poses a potential threat to freshwater ecosystems. This study investigates the effects of plastic on two trophic levels of the aquatic food web: primary production, that is, epiplastic biofilm, and primary consumption, that is, a benthic invertebrate grazer. Two plastic types, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and polycarbonate (PC), and glass (control) were used as substrata for natural biofilm establishment. PMMA and PC are, for example, intensively used in the automobile, construction, and electronical industries and in cosmetics (PMMA), CDs, and DVDs (PC). These biofilms were fed to the freshwater gastropod Radix balthica (Linnaeus 1758) in a laboratory-grazing experiment. Biofilm structure and composition were observed using confocal laser scanning microscopy before the grazing experiment. Sublethal effects on R. balthica were observed measuring consumption of biofilm and growth rates. The biofilm composition on PMMA significantly differed compared to PC and glass. The grazing experiments showed limited biofilm consumption and lower growth rates of R. balthica in both plastic treatments. Concluding, plastic in freshwaters has a direct effect on the primary production and an indirect effect on higher trophic levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander T L Vosshage
- Institute of Landscape Ecology , University of Münster , Heisenbergstraße 2 , 48149 Münster , North Rhine-Westphalia , Germany
| | - Thomas R Neu
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research GmbH - UFZ , Brückstraße 3a , 39114 Magdeburg , Saxony-Anhalt , Germany
| | - Friederike Gabel
- Institute of Landscape Ecology , University of Münster , Heisenbergstraße 2 , 48149 Münster , North Rhine-Westphalia , Germany
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11
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Mezzelani M, Gorbi S, Regoli F. Pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environments: Evidence of emerged threat and future challenges for marine organisms. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2018; 140:41-60. [PMID: 29859717 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals are nowadays recognized as a threat for aquatic ecosystems. The growing consumption of these compounds and the enhancement of human health in the past two decades have been paralleled by the continuous input of such biologically active molecules in natural environments. Waste water treatment plants (WWTPs) have been identified as a major route for release of pharmaceuticals in aquatic bodies where concentrations ranging from ng/L to μg/L are ubiquitously detected. Since medicines principles are designed to be effective at very low concentrations, they have the potential to interfere with biochemical and physiological processes of aquatic species over their entire life cycle. Investigations on occurrence, bioaccumulation and effects in non target organisms are fragmentary, particularly for marine ecosystems, and related to only a limited number over the 4000 substances classified as pharmaceuticals: hence, there is a urgent need to prioritize the environmental sustainability of the most relevant compounds. The aim of this review is to summarize the main adverse effects documented for marine species exposed in both field and laboratory conditions to different classes of pharmaceuticals including non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, psychiatric, cardiovascular, hypocholesterolaemic drugs, steroid hormones and antibiotics. Despite a great scientific advancement has been achieved, our knowledge is still limited on pharmaceuticals behavior in chemical mixtures, as well as their interactions with other environmental stressors. Complex ecotoxicological effects are increasingly documented and multidisciplinary, integrated approaches will be helpful to clarify the environmental hazard of these "emerged" pollutants in marine environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marica Mezzelani
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente (DiSVA), Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Stefania Gorbi
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente (DiSVA), Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Francesco Regoli
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente (DiSVA), Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy.
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12
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Hedgespeth ML, Karasek T, Ahlgren J, Berglund O, Brönmark C. Behaviour of freshwater snails (Radix balthica) exposed to the pharmaceutical sertraline under simulated predation risk. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2018; 27:144-153. [PMID: 29349647 PMCID: PMC5847023 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-017-1880-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Due to their potential for affecting the modulation of behaviour, effects of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) in the environment are particularly interesting regarding interspecies interactions and non-consumptive effects (NCEs) induced by predator cues in prey organisms. We evaluated the effects of sertraline (0.4, 40 ng/L, 40 µg/L) over 8 days on activity and habitat choice in the freshwater snail Radix balthica, on snails' boldness in response to mechanical stimulation (simulating predator attack), and their activity/habitat choice in response to chemical cues from predatory fish. We hypothesised that sertraline exposure would detrimentally impact NCEs elicited by predator cues, increasing predation risk. Although there were no effects of sertraline on NCEs, there were observed effects of chemical cue from predatory fish on snail behaviour independent of sertraline exposure. Snails reduced their activity in which the percentage of active snails decreased by almost 50% after exposure to fish cue. Additionally, snails changed their habitat use by moving away from open (exposed) areas. The general lack of effects of sertraline on snails' activity and other behaviours in this study is interesting considering that other SSRIs have been shown to induce changes in gastropod behaviour. This raises questions on the modes of action of various SSRIs in gastropods, as well as the potential for a trophic "mismatch" of effects between fish predators and snail prey in aquatic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Lea Hedgespeth
- Aquatic Ecology, Department of Biology, Lund University, Ecology Building, Lund, 223 62, Sweden.
| | - Tomasz Karasek
- Aquatic Ecology, Department of Biology, Lund University, Ecology Building, Lund, 223 62, Sweden
- Department of Hydrobiology, Faculty of Biology, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, Warsaw, 02-089, Poland
| | - Johan Ahlgren
- Aquatic Ecology, Department of Biology, Lund University, Ecology Building, Lund, 223 62, Sweden
| | - Olof Berglund
- Aquatic Ecology, Department of Biology, Lund University, Ecology Building, Lund, 223 62, Sweden
| | - Christer Brönmark
- Aquatic Ecology, Department of Biology, Lund University, Ecology Building, Lund, 223 62, Sweden
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13
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Windsor FM, Ormerod SJ, Tyler CR. Endocrine disruption in aquatic systems: up-scaling research to address ecological consequences. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2017; 93:626-641. [PMID: 28795474 PMCID: PMC6849538 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Endocrine‐disrupting chemicals (EDCs) can alter biological function in organisms at environmentally relevant concentrations and are a significant threat to aquatic biodiversity, but there is little understanding of exposure consequences for populations, communities and ecosystems. The pervasive nature of EDCs within aquatic environments and their multiple sub‐lethal effects make assessments of their impact especially important but also highly challenging. Herein, we review the data on EDC effects in aquatic systems focusing on studies assessing populations and ecosystems, and including how biotic and abiotic processes may affect, and be affected by, responses to EDCs. Recent research indicates a significant influence of behavioural responses (e.g. enhancing feeding rates), transgenerational effects and trophic cascades in the ecological consequences of EDC exposure. In addition, interactions between EDCs and other chemical, physical and biological factors generate uncertainty in our understanding of the ecological effects of EDCs within aquatic ecosystems. We illustrate how effect thresholds for EDCs generated from individual‐based experimental bioassays of the types commonly applied using chemical test guidelines [e.g. Organisation for Economic Co‐operation and Development (OECD)] may not necessarily reflect the hazards associated with endocrine disruption. We argue that improved risk assessment for EDCs in aquatic ecosystems urgently requires more ecologically oriented research as well as field‐based assessments at population‐, community‐ and food‐web levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredric M Windsor
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, U.K.,Department of Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4PS, U.K
| | - Steve J Ormerod
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, U.K
| | - Charles R Tyler
- Department of Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4PS, U.K
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Schell T, Feldmeyer B, Schmidt H, Greshake B, Tills O, Truebano M, Rundle SD, Paule J, Ebersberger I, Pfenninger M. An annotated draft genome for Radix auricularia (Gastropoda, Mollusca). Genome Biol Evol 2017; 9:2997437. [PMID: 28204581 PMCID: PMC5381561 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evx032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Molluscs are the second most species-rich phylum in the animal kingdom, yet only 11 genomes of this group have been published so far. Here, we present the draft genome sequence of the pulmonate freshwater snail Radix auricularia . Six whole genome shotgun libraries with different layouts were sequenced. The resulting assembly comprises 4,823 scaffolds with a cumulative length of 910 Mb and an overall read coverage of 72×. The assembly contains 94.6% of a metazoan core gene collection, indicating an almost complete coverage of the coding fraction. The discrepancy of ∼690 Mb compared with the estimated genome size of R. auricularia (1.6 Gb) results from a high repeat content of 70% mainly comprising DNA transposons. The annotation of 17,338 protein coding genes was supported by the use of publicly available transcriptome data. This draft will serve as starting point for further genomic and population genetic research in this scientifically important phylum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tilman Schell
- Molecular Ecology Group, Institute for Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Adaptation and Climate, Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Barbara Feldmeyer
- Adaptation and Climate, Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Hanno Schmidt
- Adaptation and Climate, Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Bastian Greshake
- Department for Applied Bioinformatics, Institute for Cell Biology and Neuroscience Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Oliver Tills
- Marine Biology and Ecology Research Centre, Marine Institute, School of Marine Science and Engineering, Plymouth University, United Kingdom
| | - Manuela Truebano
- Marine Biology and Ecology Research Centre, Marine Institute, School of Marine Science and Engineering, Plymouth University, United Kingdom
| | - Simon D. Rundle
- Marine Biology and Ecology Research Centre, Marine Institute, School of Marine Science and Engineering, Plymouth University, United Kingdom
| | - Juraj Paule
- Department of Botany and Molecular Evolution, Senckenberg Research Institute, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ingo Ebersberger
- Adaptation and Climate, Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Department for Applied Bioinformatics, Institute for Cell Biology and Neuroscience Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Markus Pfenninger
- Molecular Ecology Group, Institute for Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Adaptation and Climate, Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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15
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Nikoleris L, Hultin CL, Hallgren P, Hansson MC. 17α-Ethinylestradiol (EE2) treatment of wild roach (Rutilus rutilus) during early life development disrupts expression of genes directly involved in the feedback cycle of estrogen. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2016; 180:56-64. [PMID: 26689641 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2015.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Revised: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Fish are more sensitive to introduced disturbances from synthetic endocrine disrupting compounds during early life phases compared with mature stages. 17α-Ethinylestradiol (EE2), which is the active compound in human oral contraceptives and hormone replacement therapies, is today ever present in the effluents from sewage treatment plants. EE2 targets and interacts with the endogenous biological systems of exposed vertebrates resulting in to large extents unknown short- and long-term effects. We investigated how EE2 exposure affects expression profiles of a large number of target genes during early life of roach (Rutilus rutilus). We exposed fertilized roach eggs collected from a lake in Southern Sweden to EE2 for 12weeks together with 1+-year-old roach in aquaria. We measured the gene expression of the estrogen receptor (esr)1/2a/2b, androgen receptor (ar), vitellogenin, cytochrome P450 (cyp)19a1a/1b in fertilized eggs; newly hatched larvae; 12-week-old fry; and juvenile wild roach (1+-year-old). Results shows that an EE2 concentration as low as 0.5ng/L significantly affects gene expression during early development. Gene expression responses vary both among life stages and molecular receptors. We also show that the gene profile of the estrogen feedback cycle to a large extent depends on the relationship between the three esr genes and the two cyp19a1 genes, which are all up-regulated with age. Results indicate that a disruption of the natural activity of the dominant esr gene could lead to detrimental biological effects if EE2 exposure occurs during development, even if this exposure occurred for only a short period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Nikoleris
- Centre for Environmental and Climate Research (CEC), Lund University, SE-223 62 Lund, Sweden; Section for Biodiversity, Department of Biology, Lund University, Ecology Building, SE-223 62 Lund, Sweden
| | - Cecilia L Hultin
- Centre for Environmental and Climate Research (CEC), Lund University, SE-223 62 Lund, Sweden
| | - Per Hallgren
- Section for Aquatic Ecology, Department of Biology, Lund University, Ecology Building, SE-223 62 Lund, Sweden
| | - Maria C Hansson
- Centre for Environmental and Climate Research (CEC), Lund University, SE-223 62 Lund, Sweden.
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16
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Kidd KA, Paterson MJ, Rennie MD, Podemski CL, Findlay DL, Blanchfield PJ, Liber K. Direct and indirect responses of a freshwater food web to a potent synthetic oestrogen. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2014; 369:20130578. [PMID: 25405967 PMCID: PMC4213590 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2013.0578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in municipal effluents directly affect the sexual development and reproductive success of fishes, but indirect effects on invertebrate prey or fish predators through reduced predation or prey availability, respectively, are unknown. At the Experimental Lakes Area in northwestern Ontario, Canada, a long-term, whole-lake experiment was conducted using a before-after-control-impact design to determine both direct and indirect effects of the synthetic oestrogen used in the birth control pill, 17α-ethynyloestradiol (EE2). Algal, microbial, zooplankton and benthic invertebrate communities showed no declines in abundance during three summers of EE2 additions (5-6 ng l(-1)), indicating no direct toxic effects. Recruitment of fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) failed, leading to a near-extirpation of this species both 2 years during (young-of-year, YOY) and 2 years following (adults and YOY) EE2 additions. Body condition of male lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) and male and female white sucker (Catostomus commersonii) declined before changes in prey abundance, suggesting direct effects of EE2 on this endpoint. Evidence of indirect effects of EE2 was also observed. Increases in zooplankton, Chaoborus, and emerging insects were observed after 2 or 3 years of EE2 additions, strongly suggesting indirect effects mediated through the reduced abundance of several small-bodied fishes. Biomass of top predator lake trout declined by 23-42% during and after EE2 additions, most probably an indirect effect from the loss of its prey species, the fathead minnow and slimy sculpin (Cottus cognatus). Our results demonstrate that small-scale studies focusing solely on direct effects are likely to underestimate the true environmental impacts of oestrogens in municipal wastewaters and provide further evidence of the value of whole-ecosystem experiments for understanding indirect effects of EDCs and other aquatic stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen A Kidd
- Canadian Rivers Institute and Biology Department, University of New Brunswick, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada E2L 4L5
| | - Michael J Paterson
- Freshwater Institute, 501 University Crescent, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3T 2N6 International Institute for Sustainable Development-Experimental Lakes Area, 161 Portage Avenue East, 6th Floor, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3B 0Y4
| | - Michael D Rennie
- Freshwater Institute, 501 University Crescent, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3T 2N6 International Institute for Sustainable Development-Experimental Lakes Area, 161 Portage Avenue East, 6th Floor, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3B 0Y4
| | - Cheryl L Podemski
- Freshwater Institute, 501 University Crescent, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3T 2N6
| | - Dave L Findlay
- Freshwater Institute, 501 University Crescent, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3T 2N6
| | - Paul J Blanchfield
- Freshwater Institute, 501 University Crescent, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3T 2N6
| | - Karsten Liber
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, 44 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada S7N 5B3
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17
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Salomão ALDS, Soroldoni S, Marques M, Hogland W, Bila DM. Effects of single and mixed estrogens on single and combined cultures of D. subspicatus and P. subcapitata. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2014; 93:215-221. [PMID: 24849713 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-014-1294-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 05/10/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This paper investigates the effect of estrone (E1), 17β-estradiol (E2) and 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) individually and mixed at equal proportions (1:1:1) on Desmodesmus subspicatus and Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata in single and combined cultures (S+) at different exposure times based on algal growth (in vivo chlorophyll fluorescence and cell counting) and coenobium formation. EE2 and E2 were more toxic to individual and combined (S+) cultures than was E1. The frequency of coenobium formation by D. subspicatus increased significantly for all estrogens and all concentrations. After 96 h, D. subspicatus prevailed in S+. The results of the exposure to E+ suggested a less-than-additive effect on D. subspicatus and S+ and additive effect on P. subcapitata. Toxic effects occurred for both species exposed to E+ with individual estrogen concentrations below the NOEC of each species. Assays must include changes in response due to the exposure of more than one species to more than one estrogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Luís de Sá Salomão
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Rio de Janeiro State University-UERJ, Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524, sl 5024E, Maracanã, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP 20550-900, Brazil,
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18
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Aris AZ, Shamsuddin AS, Praveena SM. Occurrence of 17α-ethynylestradiol (EE2) in the environment and effect on exposed biota: a review. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2014; 69:104-19. [PMID: 24825791 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2014.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 307] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2013] [Revised: 04/06/2014] [Accepted: 04/13/2014] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
17α-ethynylestradiol (EE2) is a synthetic hormone, which is a derivative of the natural hormone, estradiol (E2). EE2 is an orally bio-active estrogen, and is one of the most commonly used medications for humans as well as livestock and aquaculture activity. EE2 has become a widespread problem in the environment due to its high resistance to the process of degradation and its tendency to (i) absorb organic matter, (ii) accumulate in sediment and (iii) concentrate in biota. Numerous studies have reported the ability of EE2 to alter sex determination, delay sexual maturity, and decrease the secondary sexual characteristics of exposed organisms even at a low concentration (ng/L) by mimicking its natural analogue, 17β-estradiol (E2). Thus, the aim of this review is to provide an overview of the science regarding EE2, the concentration levels in the environment (water, sediment and biota) and summarize the effects of this compound on exposed biota at various concentrations, stage life, sex, and species. The challenges in respect of EE2 include the extension of the limited database on the EE2 pollution profile in the environment, its fate and transport mechanism, as well as the exposure level of EE2 for better prediction and definition revision of EE2 toxicity end points, notably for the purpose of environmental risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Zaharin Aris
- Environmental Forensics Research Centre, Faculty of Environmental Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Environmental Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Aida Soraya Shamsuddin
- Environmental Forensics Research Centre, Faculty of Environmental Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sarva Mangala Praveena
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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19
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Borysko L, Ross PM. Adult exposure to the synthetic hormone 17α-ethynylestradiol affects offspring of the gastropods Nassarius burchardi and Nassarius jonasii. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2014; 103:91-100. [PMID: 24462525 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2013.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Revised: 12/31/2013] [Accepted: 12/31/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine whether adult exposure to endocrine disrupting compounds affects offspring using trans-generational testing. Adult estuarine dwelling gastropods Nassarius burchardi and Nassarius jonasii were exposed to the synthetic estrogen 17α-ethynylestradiol (EE2) to determine the effects on the development and survival of their offspring. Adults were maintained in synthetic seawater controls and EE2 treatments (0.005, 0.05, 0.5, 50µg/L) over a sixteen week period. Egg capsules were collected from the adults following four, ten and sixteen weeks of adult exposure and transferred to different EE2 exposure scenarios. Treatment concentrations were selected to represent changes in EE2 exposure that could occur over different periods in an organism's lifecycle. Egg capsules laid by adults were therefore transferred to control or EE2 treatments (0.005, 0.05, 0.5, 5, 50, 500µg/L) to develop until hatching. The percentage of egg capsules with unviable eggs and abnormalities, number of days for hatching to occur and hatching success were measured. The veliger larvae that hatched from egg capsules following two, eight and fourteen weeks of adult exposure to EE2 and controls were used in 96h acute toxicity tests with controls and EE2 treatments at concentrations of 0.5, 5, 50, 500, 1250, 2500, 4000µg/L. Exposure of adult N. burchardi and N. jonasii to EE2 affected the percentage of egg capsules with unviable eggs, the development and hatching success of embryos and survival of veligers. These toxicity tests produced a complex set of results with different responses in developing eggs and veliger larvae to the adult EE2 treatments and length of adult exposure. This study demonstrates the importance of trans-generational testing and adult exposure scenarios in toxicity investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Borysko
- School of Science and Health, University of Western Sydney, Hawkesbury K12, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith South DC 1797, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Pauline M Ross
- School of Science and Health, University of Western Sydney, Hawkesbury K12, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith South DC 1797, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
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20
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Hallgren P, Nicolle A, Hansson LA, Brönmark C, Nikoleris L, Hyder M, Persson A. Synthetic estrogen directly affects fish biomass and may indirectly disrupt aquatic food webs. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2014; 33:930-936. [PMID: 24615795 DOI: 10.1002/etc.2528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2013] [Revised: 12/02/2013] [Accepted: 12/30/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine-disrupting chemicals are known to alter the fitness of individual organisms via changes in growth, behavior, and reproduction. It is largely unknown, however, whether these effects cascade through the food web and indirectly affect other, less sensitive organisms. The authors present results from a mesocosm experiment whereby the effects of the synthetic estrogen 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) were quantified in pelagic communities. Treatment with EE2 at a concentration of 28 ng/L had no large effects on the pelagic communities composed only of phytoplankton and zooplankton. In communities where planktivorous roach (Rutilus rutilus) were also present, however, EE2 caused a significant reduction in fish biomass. Moreover, zooplankton biomass was higher in the EE2 treatments, suggesting that zooplankton may have been released from fish predation. Hence, the direct effect of EE2 on roach may have cascaded down the food web to produce positive indirect effects on zooplankton. This result was supported in complementary foraging experiments with roach, showing reduced foraging performance after exposure to EE2. Despite the observed negative effect of EE2 on roach and the positive indirect effect on zooplankton, these effects did not cascade to phytoplankton, possibly because only copepods, but not cladocerans-the major grazers in these systems-were released from fish predation. The authors conclude that the known reproductive impairment in fish by EE2 in combination with the disturbed foraging performance observed in the present study may be a disadvantage to fish that may result in increasing abundance or biomass of prey such as zooplankton. Hence, EE2 may have consequences for both the structure and function of freshwater communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Per Hallgren
- Department of Biology, Aquatic Ecology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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21
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Luna TO, Plautz SC, Salice CJ. Effects of 17α-ethynylestradiol, fluoxetine, and the mixture on life history traits and population growth rates in a freshwater gastropod. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2013; 32:2771-2778. [PMID: 23983099 DOI: 10.1002/etc.2372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2013] [Revised: 05/17/2013] [Accepted: 08/15/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs), some of which have endocrine-disrupting effects at environmentally relevant concentrations, have been detected in many surface waters. The authors evaluated the effects of 2 common endocrine disrupting PPCPs on the life history traits of the snail, Physa pomilia, using a life table response experiment with snails raised in environmentally relevant concentrations of 17α-ethynylestradiol (EE2), fluoxetine, or their mixture. Exposure to fluoxetine or the mixture reduced snail reproduction, but EE2 did not. Generally, individual life history traits were affected minimally by the PPCPs, but when integrated using a demographic model, all 3 chemical exposure scenarios decreased population growth rates, with the EE2 and fluoxetine mixture causing the most adverse effects. Overall, the results provide additional insight into the effects of PPCPs on freshwater invertebrates and point to the importance of testing simultaneous exposures to multiple PPCPs. In addition, using a demographic model to integrate individual endpoints provided insights into effects that were not apparent from individual life history traits alone and suggest at least a potential for adverse ecological effects under realistic environmental exposures concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara O Luna
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, The Institute of Environmental and Human Health, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
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22
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Souza MS, Hallgren P, Balseiro E, Hansson LA. Low concentrations, potential ecological consequences: synthetic estrogens alter life-history and demographic structures of aquatic invertebrates. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2013; 178:237-243. [PMID: 23584603 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2013.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2013] [Revised: 03/12/2013] [Accepted: 03/18/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Contraceptive drugs are nowadays found in aquatic environments around the globe. Particularly, 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) may act even at low concentrations, such as those recorded in natural ecosystems. We evaluated the physiological effects of EE2 on cyclopoids and calanoids, common copepods in both marine and freshwater communities. We used three EE2 concentrations and assessed its impact on activity of different physiological endpoints: Acetylcholinesterase (neurotransmission), Glutathione S-transferase (detoxifying system), and Caspase-3 (apoptosis). While EE2 exerts, distinctive effect on detoxifying and apoptotic systems, no effect on AChE was observed at environmental doses. Our results show that EE2 exposure affects differently copepod physiology endpoints, altering moulting process, adult recruitment in calanoids and calanoid to cyclopoid ratio. The ecological consequences of this underlying physiological process may affect since life history to population and community structures, and this represent a new aspects of this xenobiotic in natural systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Sol Souza
- Laboratorio de Limnología, INIBIOMA (CONICET-UNComahue), Quintral 1250, Bariloche, Río Negro R8400, Argentina.
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23
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Lei B, Kang J, Yu Y, Zha J, Li W, Wang Z. β-estradiol 17-valerate affects embryonic development and sexual differentiation in Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes). AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2013; 134-135:128-134. [PMID: 23608700 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2013.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2012] [Revised: 03/08/2013] [Accepted: 03/17/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
β-estradiol 17-valerate (EV) is a synthetic estrogen widely used in combination with other steroid hormones in hormone replacement therapy drugs and is detected in natural waters. Although EV is known as an estrogenic chemical, there is still a lack of data on its developmental and reproductive toxicities in fish following exposure to EV during embryo-larval-, juvenile- and adult-life stages in Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes). At the early life stage, the fertilized eggs of medaka were exposed to 1, 10, 100 and 1000 ng/L EV for 15 days, and hatched larval fish were continually exposed to the same concentration range for an additional 15 days. The results showed that exposure to 10 ng/L or above resulted in adverse effects on hatchability and time to hatching, and the number of hatched females was twice that of males at 10 ng/L or above. When the hatched fish were continually exposed to 1, 10 and 100 ng/L of EV for another 40 days, the hepatosomatic index (HSI) was increased in both males and females, and the gonadosomatic index (GSI) was decreased in females, and increased in males. Sex reversal was found in fish exposed to 1 ng/L and above. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR showed that mRNA levels of estrogen receptor α (ER-α) and vitellogenin-I (VTG-I) in the liver of females were significantly down-regulated, while those of vitellogenin-I (VTG-I) in the liver of males were significantly up-regulated at all concentrations. These findings suggest that EV is a reproductive toxicant and estrogenic chemical in both male and female fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingli Lei
- Institute of Environmental Pollution, Health, College of Enviornmental, Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
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