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Javid M, Ullah S, Amin F, Shah W, Malik T, Alwahibi MS, Waheed A, Ercisli S, Ali B. Computing the effects of temperature and osmotic stress on the seed germination of Helianthus annuus L. by using a mathematical model. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9978. [PMID: 38693252 PMCID: PMC11063032 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60015-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
An extremely important oil crop in the world, Helianthus annuus L. is one of the world's most significant members of the Asteraceae family. The rate and extent of seed germination and agronomic features are consistently affecting by temperature (T) and changes in water potential (ψ). A broad hydrothermal time model with T and ψ components could explain sunflower responses over suboptimal T and ψ. A lab experiment was performed using the HTT model to discover both T and ψ and their interactive effects on sunflower germination and also to figure out the cardinal Ts values. The sunflower seeds were germinated at temperatures (15 °C, 20 °C, 25 °C and 30 °C); each Ts had five constant ψs of 0, 0.3, 0.6, 0.9, and 1.2 MPa via PEG 6000 as osmotic stress inducer. The results revealed that highest germination index was found in seed grown at 20 °C in distilled water (0 MPa) and the lowest at 30 °C with osmotic stress of (- 1.2 MPa). The highest value of germination rate index was found in seed grown at 20 °C in distilled water (0 MPa) and the lowest at 15 °C with an osmotic stress of (- 1.2 MPa). In conclusion, water potential, temperature, and their interactions have a considerable impact on seed germination rate, and other metrics (GI, SVI-I, GRI, GE, SVI-II, and MGT). Seeds sown at 20 °C with zero water potential showed high germination metrics such as GE, GP, GRI, and T50%. The maximum value to TTsub noted at 30 °C in - 0.9 MPa osmotic stress and the minimum value was calculated at 15 °C in - 1.2 MPa osmotic stress. The result of TTsupra recorded highest at 15 °C in controlled group (0 MPa). Moreover, θH was highest at 30 °C in controlled condition (0 MPa) and minimum value was observed at 20 °C under - 1.2 MPa osmotic stress. The value of θHTT were maximum at 30 °C in controlled group (0 MPa) and minimum value was recorded at 15 °C under - 1.2 MPa osmotic potential. The base, optimum and ceiling temperatures for sunflower germination metrics in this experiment were noted 6.8, 20 and 30 °C respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Javid
- Department of Botany, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan
| | - Sami Ullah
- Department of Botany, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan.
| | - Fazal Amin
- Department of Botany, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan
| | - Wadood Shah
- Biological Sciences Research Division, Pakistan Forest Institute, Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan
| | - Tabarak Malik
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health, Jimma University, 378, Jimma, Ethiopia.
- Adjucnt Faculty, Division of Research & Development, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India.
| | - Mona S Alwahibi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdul Waheed
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518124, China
| | - Sezai Ercisli
- Department of Horticulture, Agricultural Faculty, Ataturk University, 25240, Erzurum, Türkiye
- HGF Agro, Ata Teknokent, 25240, Erzurum, Türkiye
| | - Baber Ali
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
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Wang K, Dou P, Miao Z, Huang J, Gao Q, Guo L, Liu K, Rong Y, Huang D, Wang K. Seed germination and seedling growth response of Leymus chinensis to the allelopathic influence of grassland plants. Oecologia 2024; 204:899-913. [PMID: 38582800 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-024-05539-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Allelopathy has a profound impact on the germination and growth of plants, influencing the establishment of plant populations and shaping community ecological patterns. However, the allelopathic potential of many grassland species remains poorly understood. In this study, we prepared aqueous extracts from 17 herbaceous plants to investigate their allelopathic effects on the seed germination and seedling growth of Leymus chinensis, a dominant grassland species. Our results revealed that the response of L. chinensis to allelopathic compounds was dependent on the specific plant species, extract concentration, and target plant organ. Notably, Fabaceae plants exhibited a stronger allelopathic potential than Poaceae, Asteraceae, and other plant families. Moreover, we observed that root growth of L. chinensis was more sensitive to allelopathy than shoot growth, and seed germination was more affected than seedling growth. Generally, the germination of L. chinensis was strongly inhibited as the donor plant extract concentration increased. The leachate of Fabaceae plants inhibited the seedling growth of L. chinensis at concentrations ranging from 0.025 to 0.1 g mL-1. On the other hand, the leachate from other families' plants exhibited either inhibitory or hormetic effects on the early growth of L. chinensis, promoting growth at 0.025 g mL-1 and hindering it at concentrations between 0.05 and 0.1 g mL-1. These findings highlight the significant allelopathic potential of grassland plants, which plays a critical role in establishing plant populations and associated ecological processes. In addition, they shed light on the coexistence of other plants with dominant plants in the community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaili Wang
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Pengpeng Dou
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengzhou Miao
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Huang
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Gao
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Lizhu Guo
- Institute of Grassland, Flowers, and Ecology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kesi Liu
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- GuYuan National Grassland Ecosystem Field Station, Zhangjiakou, China
| | - Yuping Rong
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- GuYuan National Grassland Ecosystem Field Station, Zhangjiakou, China
| | - Ding Huang
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
- GuYuan National Grassland Ecosystem Field Station, Zhangjiakou, China.
| | - Kun Wang
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
- GuYuan National Grassland Ecosystem Field Station, Zhangjiakou, China.
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Song J, Chen X, Li S, Tang H, Dong S, Wang M, Xu H. The environmental impact of mask-derived microplastics on soil ecosystems. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:169182. [PMID: 38092201 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
During the COVID-19 pandemic, a significant increased number of masks were used and improperly disposed of. For example, the global monthly consumption of approximately 129 billion masks. Masks, composed of fibrous materials, can readily release microplastics, which may threaten various soil ecosystem components such as plants, animals, microbes, and soil properties. However, the specific effects of mask-derived microplastics on these components remain largely unexplored. Here, we investigated the effects of mask-derived microplastics (grouped by different concentrations: 0, 0.25, 0.5, and 1 % w/w) on soil physicochemical properties, microbial communities, growth performance of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. var. ramosa Hort.) and earthworm (Eisenia fetida) under laboratory conditions for 80 days. Our findings suggest that mask-derived microplastics reduced soil bulk density while increasing the mean weight diameter of soil aggregates and modifying nutrient levels, including organic matter, potassium, nitrogen, and phosphorus. An increase in the abundance of denitrification bacteria (Rhodanobacteraceae) was also observed. Mask-derived microplastics were found to reduce lettuce germination, and a hormesis effect of low-concentration stimulation and high-concentration inhibition was observed on biomass, chlorophyll, and root activity. While the mortality of earthworms was not significantly affected by the mask-derived microplastics, but their growth was inhibited. Collectively, our results indicate that mask-derived microplastics can substantially impact soil properties, plant growth, and earthworm health, with potential implications for soil ecosystem functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjincang Song
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Xianghan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Shiyao Li
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Hao Tang
- Ecological Protection and Development Research Institute of Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture, Aba 623000, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Shunwen Dong
- Industrial Crop Research Institute of Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Maolin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, PR China.
| | - Heng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, PR China.
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Zhang Y, Liu S, Du X, Chen Z, Ma Z, Mu Y. The inhibitory potential of green manure return on the germination and seedling growth of Eleusine indica L.. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1287379. [PMID: 38384751 PMCID: PMC10879556 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1287379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Trifolium repens L. (white clover) and Lolium perenne L. (ryegrass) are green manures widely used in conservation tillage systems worldwide. Eleusine indica L. (goosegrass) is a globally recognized noxious weed. Herein, we investigated the effects of aqueous extracts, decomposed liquids, and different straw-to-soil ratios on the germination and growth of goosegrass. The results showed that high concentrations (≥ 30%) of aqueous extracts or decomposed liquids of both green manures significantly inhibited germination-related parameters of goosegrass. The strongest inhibitory effect was observed for the 7-day decomposition treatment, and white clover's inhibitory effect was greater than ryegrass's. A pot experiment showed that non-photochemical quenching, catalase, and peroxidase activity levels of goosegrass leaves were significantly increased. At the same time, the net photosynthetic rate significantly decreased. Seedling growth was inhibited when the straw-to-soil ratio was greater than 3:100. The ryegrass treatments inhibited goosegrass seedlings more than the white clover treatments. This study demonstrated the inhibitory potential of white clover and ryegrass straw return on seed germination and seedling growth of goosegrass. The study has also helped to identify weed-resistant substances in these green manures so that their weed-control properties can be used more effectively and herbicide usage can be reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Silin Liu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Du
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhongwen Chen
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiyu Ma
- School of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yinghui Mu
- College of Engineering, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Cultivation in South China, College of Agronomy/Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
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Wang X, Liu Y, Peng N, Yu H, Ma Y, Zhang M, Wang Y, Wang Y, Gao W. Allelopathy and Identification of Volatile Components from the Roots and Aerial Parts of Astragalus mongholicus Bunge. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:317. [PMID: 38276773 PMCID: PMC10819805 DOI: 10.3390/plants13020317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
The volatile compounds produced by plants play an important role in plant growth, plant communication, and resistance to biological and abiotic stresses. Astragalus membranaceus var. mongholicus (AM) is a perennial herbaceous plant (Leguminosae) that is widely cultivated in northwest China. The bioactive compounds in its root have shown various pharmacological activities. Root rot disease caused by Fusarium spp. often occurs in AM planting with increasing severity in continuous monoculture. It is currently still unclear what are the effects of the volatile compounds produced by fresh AM on itself, other crops cultivated on the same field after AM, pathogen, and rhizobia. In this study, we found that seed germination and seedling growth of AM, lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.), and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) could be affected if they were in an enclosed space with fresh AM tissue. Additionally, 90 volatile compounds were identified by SPME-GC-MS from whole AM plant during the vegetative growth, 36 of which were specific to aerial parts of AM (stems and leaves, AMA), 17 to roots (AMR), and 37 were found in both AMA and AMR. To further identify the allelopathic effects of these volatile compounds, five compounds (1-hexanol, (E)-2-hexenal, (E,E)-2,4-decadienal, hexanal, and eugenol) with relatively high content in AM were tested on three receptor plants and two microorganisms. We found that (E,E)-2,4-decadienal and (E)-2-hexenal showed significant inhibitory effects on the growth of AM and lettuce. One-hexanol and hexanal suppressed the growth of wheat, while eugenol showed a similar effect on all three plant species. Moreover, the activities of these compounds were dose dependent. Notably, we discovered that (E)-2-hexenal and eugenol also inhibited the growth of the pathogen Fusarium solani by as high as 100%. Meanwhile, all five compounds tested suppressed the rhizobia Sinorhizobium fredii. In summary, this study furthered our understanding of the comprehensive allelopathic effects of the main volatile components of AM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Weiwei Gao
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China; (X.W.); (Y.L.); (N.P.); (H.Y.); (Y.M.); (M.Z.); (Y.W.); (Y.W.)
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6
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Xu W, Huang X, Yuan J, Wang Y, Wu M, Ni H, Dong L. The potential for synthesized invasive plant biochar with hydroxyapatite to mitigate allelopathy of Solidago canadensis. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2024; 34:e2833. [PMID: 36864716 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Few studies tried to explore the mitigation effect and underlying mechanisms of biochar and their complex for negative allelopathy from invasive plants, which may provide a new way in the invasive plant management. Herein, an invasive plant (Solidago canadensis)-derived biochar (IBC) and its composite with hydroxyapatite (HAP/IBC) were synthesized by high temperature pyrolysis, and characterized by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersion spectrometer, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Then, both the batch adsorption and pot experiments were conducted to compare the removal effects of kaempferol-3-O-β-D-glucoside (C21 H20 O11 , kaempf), an allelochemical from S. canadensis, on IBC and HAP/IBC, respectively. HAP/IBC showed a stronger affinity for kaempf than IBC due to its higher specific surface area, more functional groups (P-O, P-O-P, PO4 3- ), stronger crystallization [Ca3 (PO4 )2 ]. The maximum kaempf adsorption capacity on HAP/IBC was six times higher than on IBC (10.482 mg/g > 1.709 mg/g) via π-π interactions, functional groups, and metal complexation. The kaempf adsorption process could be fitted best by both pseudo-second-order kinetic and Langmuir isotherm models. Furthermore, HAP/IBC addition into soils could enhance and even recover the germination rate and/or seedling growth of tomato inhibited by negative allelopathy from the invasive S. canadensis. These results indicate that the composite of HAP/IBC could more effectively mitigate the allelopathy from S. canadensis than IBC, which may be a potential efficient approach to control the invasive plant and improve invaded soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenna Xu
- School of Life Science, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueyi Huang
- School of Life Science, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiajie Yuan
- Shaoxing Customs, Hangzhou Customs District, Shaoxing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanhong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengmin Wu
- School of Life Science, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongtai Ni
- School of Life Science, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijia Dong
- School of Life Science, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, People's Republic of China
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Lenda M, Steudel B, Skórka P, Zagrodzka ZB, Moroń D, Bączek-Kwinta R, Janowiak F, Baran A, Possingham HP, Knops JMH. Multiple invasive species affect germination, growth, and photosynthesis of native weeds and crops in experiments. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22146. [PMID: 38092817 PMCID: PMC10719303 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48421-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Alien plant species regularly and simultaneously invade agricultural landscapes and ecosystems; however, the effects of co-invasion on crop production and native biodiversity have rarely been studied. Secondary metabolites produced by alien plants may be allelopathic; if they enter the soil, they may be transported by agricultural activities, negatively affecting crop yield and biodiversity. It is unknown whether substances from different alien species in combination have a greater impact on crops and wild plants than if they are from only one of the alien species. In this study, we used a set of common garden experiments to test the hypothesis that mixed extracts from two common invasive species have synergistic effects on crops and weeds (defined as all non-crop plants) in European agricultural fields compared to single-species extracts. We found that both the combined and individual extracts had detrimental effects on the seed germination, seedling growth, biomass, and photosynthetic performance of both crops and weeds. We found that the negative effect of mixed extracts was not additive and that crop plants were more strongly affected by invasive species extracts than the weeds. Our results are important for managing invasive species in unique ecosystems on agricultural land and preventing economic losses in yield production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Lenda
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Institute of Nature Conservation, Polish Academy of Sciences, Mickiewicza 33, 31-120, Kraków, Poland
| | - Bastian Steudel
- Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, School of Science, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Piotr Skórka
- Institute of Nature Conservation, Polish Academy of Sciences, Mickiewicza 33, 31-120, Kraków, Poland
| | | | - Dawid Moroń
- Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sławkowska 17, 31-016, Kraków, Poland
| | - Renata Bączek-Kwinta
- Department of Plant Breeding, Physiology, and Seed Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Economics, University of Agriculture in Cracow, Podłużna 3, 30-239, Kraków, Poland
| | - Franciszek Janowiak
- The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239, Kraków, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Baran
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture and Economics, University of Agriculture in Cracow, Al. Mickiewicza 21, 31-120, Kraków, Poland
| | - Hugh P Possingham
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Johannes M H Knops
- Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, School of Science, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China
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Perera PCD, Chmielowiec C, Szymura TH, Szymura M. Effects of extracts from various parts of invasive Solidago species on the germination and growth of native grassland plant species. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15676. [PMID: 37529210 PMCID: PMC10389070 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Allelopathy is an important factor influencing whether an invasive plant species can become successfully established in a new range through disrupting the germination and growth of native plant species. Goldenrods (Solidago species) are one of the most widespread invasive taxa in Central Europe of North American origin. Owing to their high environmental impact and wide distribution range, invasive Solidago species should be controlled in Europe, and the areas invaded by them should be restored. Numerous studies have reported the allelopathic effects of Solidago gigantea and Solidago canadensis, but the results are inconsistent regarding differences in the allelopathic effects of particular plant parts and in the sensitivity to Solidago allelopathic effects among native species as well as between the two invasive species themselves. In this study, we aimed to analyse the effect of water extracts from S. canadensis and S. gigantea parts (roots, rhizomes, stems, leaves, and inflorescences) on the germination and initial growth of seedlings of 13 grassland species that typically grow in Central Europe. The tested grassland species differed in susceptibility to Solidago allelopathy, with the most resistant species being Schedonorus pratensis, Lolium perenne, Trifolium pratense, Daucus carota and Leucanthemum vulgare. The inhibitory effect of 10% water extracts from leaves and flowers were stronger than those from rhizomes, roots, and stems without leaves, regardless of the Solidago species. Our study results imply that reducing the allelopathic effect of Solidago during habitat restoration requires removal of the aboveground parts, including fallen leaves. The allelopathic effects of roots and rhizomes seem to be of secondary importance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cezary Chmielowiec
- Institute of Agroecology and Plant Production, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | | | - Magdalena Szymura
- Institute of Agroecology and Plant Production, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
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He YH, Rutherford S, Javed Q, Wan JS, Ren GQ, Hu WJ, Xiang Y, Zhang YR, Sun JF, Du DL. Mixed litter and incubation sites drive non-additive responses in seed germination and seedling growth of lettuce. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2022.104479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Plant Growth-Promoting Bacterial Consortia as a Strategy to Alleviate Drought Stress in Spinacia oleracea. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10091798. [PMID: 36144400 PMCID: PMC9501077 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10091798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Drought stress is one of the most severe abiotic stresses affecting soil fertility and plant health, and due to climate change, it is destined to increase even further, becoming a serious threat to crop production. An efficient, eco-friendly alternative is the use of plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB), which can promote plant fitness through direct and indirect approaches, protecting plants from biotic and abiotic stresses. The present study aims to identify bacterial consortia to promote Spinacia oleracea L. cv Matador’s seed germination and protect its seedlings from drought stress. Eight PGPB strains belonging to the Bacillus, Azotobacter, and Pseudomonas genera, previously characterized in physiological conditions, were analyzed under water-shortage conditions, and a germination bioassay was carried out by biopriming S. oleracea seeds with either individual strains or consortia. The consortia of B. amyloliquefaciens RHF6, B. amyloliquefaciens LMG9814, and B. sp. AGS84 displayed the capacity to positively affect seed germination and seedlings’ radical development in both standard and drought conditions, ameliorating the plants’ growth rate compared to the untreated ones. These results sustain using PGPB consortia as a valid ameliorating water stress strategy in the agro-industrial field.
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Zhu X, Li W, Shao H, Tang S. Selected aspects of invasive Solidago canadensis with an emphasis on its allelopathic abilities: a review. Chem Biodivers 2022; 19:e202200728. [PMID: 36056470 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202200728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Solidago canadensis L., native to North America, is now an invasive plant worldwide. Its abundant seeds, rapid vegetative reproduction ability, and allelopathy to other plants are the main reasons for its successful invasion. It has negative impacts on the ecological environment of the invaded area and causes a reduction in local biodiversity and economic losses of agriculture and stock farming. Each part of the plant contains a variety of allelochemicals (terpenoids, phenolics, and flavonoids), including a large number of essential oil components. These allelochemicals can be released in various ways to inhibit the growth of adjacent plants and promote their invasion; they can also affect soil properties and soil microorganisms. This paper summarizes the allelopathic effects of S. canadensis on other plant species and the interaction mechanism between it and the ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xunzhi Zhu
- Institute of Botany Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ecology, No.1 Qianhu Houcun, Zhongshanmen Wai, Nanjing, CHINA
| | - Weijie Li
- Institute of Botany Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ecology, No.1 Qianhu Houcun, Zhongshanmen Wai, Nanjing, CHINA
| | - Hua Shao
- Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biogeography and Bioresource in Arid Land, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, 818 south beijing road, 830011, Urumqi, CHINA
| | - Shijie Tang
- Institute of Botany Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ecology, No.1 Qianhu Houcun, Zhongshanmen Wai, Nanjing, CHINA
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Yu Y, Cheng H, Wei M, Wang S, Wang C. Silver nanoparticles intensify the allelopathic intensity of four invasive plant species in the Asteraceae. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2022; 94:e20201661. [PMID: 35703691 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202220201661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to estimate the allelopathic intensity of four Asteraceae invasive plant species (IPS), including Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronq., Erigeron annuus (L.) Pers., Bidens pilosa (L.), and Aster subulatus Michx., by testing the effect of leaf extracts on the seed germination and seedling growth (SGe and SGr) of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) in combination with two particle sizes of silver nanoparticles. These four IPS decreased the germination of lettuce seeds but increased the growth of lettuce seedlings. The allelopathic intensity of the four IPS decreased in the following order: B. pilosa > C. canadensis > E. annuus > A. subulatus. Silver nanoparticles decreased the SGe and SGr of lettuce. The 20 nm silver nanoparticles affected the competition intensity for water and the absorption of inorganic salts by lettuce more intensively than the 80 nm nanoparticles. Silver nanoparticles intensify the allelopathic intensity of the four invasive plant species on the SGe and SGr of lettuce. The allelopathic intensity of B. pilosa was higher than that of the other three IPS when they were polluted with silver nanoparticles. Thus, silver nanoparticles could facilitate the invasion process of the four IPS, particularly B. pilosa, via an increase in the intensity of allelopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youli Yu
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Huiyuan Cheng
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Mei Wei
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Shu Wang
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Congyan Wang
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
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Allelopathic effects of sesame extracts on seed germination of moso bamboo and identification of potential allelochemicals. Sci Rep 2022; 12:6661. [PMID: 35459798 PMCID: PMC9033850 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10695-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to investigate the allelopathic effects of sesame extracts of on seed germination of moso bamboo, and to isolate and identify the potential allelochemicals. A factorial design with three organs (root, stem and leaf) and five concentrations (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 mg mL−1) was carried out. Seeds of moso bamboo were soaked in sesame extracts to investigate their germination and growth. The allelochemicals were isolated and identified using the high performance liquid chromatograph (HPLC) system. The germination indices of the same organ decreased with the increase of extract concentrations, while the mean germination time increased, picking at the concentration of 100 mg mL−1. The radicle length and plumule length decreased, while the ratio of radicle length to plumule length increased. The allelopathy inhibition effect increased with the increase of extract concentrations, and it was significantly higher at the concentration of 100 mg mL−1 than that of 25 mg mL−1. The synthesis effect increased with the increase of extract concentrations, and it was significantly higher in leaf than root and stem. Chemical analyses identified 9 allelochemicals species (mostly phenolics and alkaloids) in the aqueous extracts. These results indicated that aqueous extracts of sesame caused the delay in seed germination and growth of moso bamboo, and phenolics and alkaloids in the aqueous extracts maybe the major reasons for the observed inhibition effects of sesame.
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Aqueous Extracts of Three Herbs Allelopathically Inhibit Lettuce Germination but Promote Seedling Growth at Low Concentrations. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11040486. [PMID: 35214819 PMCID: PMC8877897 DOI: 10.3390/plants11040486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Allelopathy is an important process in plant communities. The effects of allelopathy on seed germination and seedling development have been extensively investigated. However, the influences of extract soaking time and concentration on the foregoing parameters are poorly understood. Here, we conducted a seed germination assay to determine the allelopathic effects of the donor herbs Achnatherum splendens (Trin.) Nevski, Artemisia frigida Willd., and Stellera chamaejasme L., from a degraded grassland ecosystem in northern China, on lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) seed germination and early seedling growth. Extract soaking times (12 h or 24 h) did not exhibit significantly different effects on lettuce seed germination or seedling development. However, all aqueous herb extracts inhibited lettuce seed germination and root length (RI < 0) and promoted lettuce shoot length, stem length, leaf length, and leaf width (RI > 0) at both low (0.005 g mL−1) and high (0.05 g mL−1) concentrations. Moreover, A. splendens extracts increased seedling biomass (RI > 0) and synthetical allelopathic effect (SE > 0) at both concentrations. In contrast, both A. frigida and S. chamaejasme extracts had hormesis effects, which stimulate at low concentrations (RI > 0) but inhibit at high concentrations (RI < 0) on seedling biomass and synthetical allelopathic effect (SE). The results suggest that allelopathic potential may be an important mechanism driving the dominance of A. frigida and S. chamaejasme in degraded grasslands. Reseeding allelopathy-promoting species such as A. splendens may be beneficial to grassland restoration. The present study also demonstrated that seedling biomass, root and shoot length, and seed germination rate are the optimal bioindicators in allelopathy assays and could be more representative when they are combined with the results of multivariate analyses.
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Ren H, Wang H, Yu Z, Zhang S, Qi X, Sun L, Wang Z, Zhang M, Ahmed T, Li B. Effect of Two Kinds of Fertilizers on Growth and Rhizosphere Soil Properties of Bayberry with Decline Disease. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:plants10112386. [PMID: 34834750 PMCID: PMC8624721 DOI: 10.3390/plants10112386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Decline disease causes severe damage to bayberry. However, the cause of this disease remains unclear. Interestingly, our previous studies found that the disease severity is related with the level of soil fertilizer. This study aims to explore the effect and mechanism of compound fertilizer (CF) and bio-organic fertilizer (OF) in this disease by investigating the vegetative growth, fruit characters, soil property, rhizosphere microflora and metabolites. Results indicated that compared with the disease control, CF and OF exhibited differential effect in plant healthy and soil quality, together with the increase in relative abundance of Burkholderia and Mortierella, and the reduction in that of Rhizomicrobium and Acidibacter, Trichoderma, and Cladophialophora reduced. The relative abundance of Geminibasidium were increased by CF (251.79%) but reduced by OF (13.99%). In general, the composition of bacterial and fungal communities in rhizosphere soil was affected significantly at genus level by exchangeable calcium, available phosphorus, and exchangeable magnesium, while the former two variables had a greater influence in bacterial communities than fungal communities. Analysis of GC-MS metabonomics indicated that compared to the disease control, CF and OF significantly changed the contents of 31 and 45 metabolites, respectively, while both fertilizers changed C5-branched dibasic acid, galactose, and pyrimidine metabolic pathway. Furthermore, a significant correlation was observed at the phylum, order and genus levels between microbial groups and secondary metabolites of bayberry rhizosphere soil. In summary, the results provide a new way for rejuvenation of this diseased bayberry trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiying Ren
- Institute of Horticulture, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (H.R.); (H.W.); (Z.Y.); (S.Z.); (X.Q.); (L.S.)
| | - Hongyan Wang
- Institute of Horticulture, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (H.R.); (H.W.); (Z.Y.); (S.Z.); (X.Q.); (L.S.)
| | - Zheping Yu
- Institute of Horticulture, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (H.R.); (H.W.); (Z.Y.); (S.Z.); (X.Q.); (L.S.)
| | - Shuwen Zhang
- Institute of Horticulture, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (H.R.); (H.W.); (Z.Y.); (S.Z.); (X.Q.); (L.S.)
| | - Xingjiang Qi
- Institute of Horticulture, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (H.R.); (H.W.); (Z.Y.); (S.Z.); (X.Q.); (L.S.)
| | - Li Sun
- Institute of Horticulture, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (H.R.); (H.W.); (Z.Y.); (S.Z.); (X.Q.); (L.S.)
| | - Zhenshuo Wang
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Correspondence: (Z.W.); (B.L.)
| | - Muchen Zhang
- Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (M.Z.); (T.A.)
| | - Temoor Ahmed
- Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (M.Z.); (T.A.)
| | - Bin Li
- Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (M.Z.); (T.A.)
- Correspondence: (Z.W.); (B.L.)
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Ren H, Wang H, Qi X, Yu Z, Zheng X, Zhang S, Wang Z, Zhang M, Ahmed T, Li B. The Damage Caused by Decline Disease in Bayberry Plants through Changes in Soil Properties, Rhizosphere Microbial Community Structure and Metabolites. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:2083. [PMID: 34685892 PMCID: PMC8540645 DOI: 10.3390/plants10102083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Decline disease causes serious damage and rapid death in bayberry, an important fruit tree in south China, but the cause of this disease remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate soil quality, microbial community structure and metabolites of rhizosphere soil samples from healthy and diseased trees. The results revealed a significant difference between healthy and diseased bayberry in soil properties, microbial community structure and metabolites. Indeed, the decline disease caused a 78.24% and 78.98% increase in Rhizomicrobium and Cladophialophora, but a 28.60%, 57.18%, 38.84% and 68.25% reduction in Acidothermus, Mortierella, Trichoderma and Geminibasidium, respectively, compared with healthy trees, based on 16S and ITS amplicon sequencing of soil microflora. Furthermore, redundancy discriminant analysis of microbial communities and soil properties indicated that the main variables of bacterial and fungal communities included pH, organic matter, magnesium, available phosphorus, nitrogen and calcium, which exhibited a greater influence in bacterial communities than in fungal communities. In addition, there was a high correlation between the changes in microbial community structure and secondary metabolites. Indeed, GC-MS metabolomics analysis showed that the healthy and diseased samples differed over six metabolic pathways, including thiamine metabolism, phenylalanine-tyrosine-tryptophan biosynthesis, valine-leucine-isoleucine biosynthesis, phenylalanine metabolism, fatty acid biosynthesis and fatty acid metabolism, where the diseased samples showed a 234.67% and 1007.80% increase in palatinitol and cytidine, respectively, and a 17.37-8.74% reduction in the other 40 metabolites compared to the healthy samples. Overall, these results revealed significant changes caused by decline disease in the chemical properties, microbiota and secondary metabolites of the rhizosphere soils, which provide new insights for understanding the cause of this bayberry disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiying Ren
- Institute of Horticulture, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (H.R.); (H.W.); (X.Q.); (Z.Y.); (X.Z.); (S.Z.)
| | - Hongyan Wang
- Institute of Horticulture, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (H.R.); (H.W.); (X.Q.); (Z.Y.); (X.Z.); (S.Z.)
- School of Horticulture and Landscape architecture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China
| | - Xingjiang Qi
- Institute of Horticulture, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (H.R.); (H.W.); (X.Q.); (Z.Y.); (X.Z.); (S.Z.)
| | - Zheping Yu
- Institute of Horticulture, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (H.R.); (H.W.); (X.Q.); (Z.Y.); (X.Z.); (S.Z.)
| | - Xiliang Zheng
- Institute of Horticulture, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (H.R.); (H.W.); (X.Q.); (Z.Y.); (X.Z.); (S.Z.)
| | - Shuwen Zhang
- Institute of Horticulture, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (H.R.); (H.W.); (X.Q.); (Z.Y.); (X.Z.); (S.Z.)
| | - Zhenshuo Wang
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Muchen Zhang
- Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (M.Z.); (T.A.)
| | - Temoor Ahmed
- Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (M.Z.); (T.A.)
| | - Bin Li
- Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (M.Z.); (T.A.)
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Effects of Canada Goldenrod Invasion on Soil Extracellular Enzyme Activities and Ecoenzymatic Stoichiometry. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13073768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The rapid expansion of Canada goldenrod (Solidago canadensis L.) in China has drawn considerable attention as it may not only decrease vegetation diversity but also alter soil nutrient cycling in the affected ecosystems. Soil extracellular enzymes mediate nutrient cycling by catalyzing the organic matter decomposition; however, the mechanisms by which alien plant invasion may affect soil extracellular enzymes remain unclear. The objective of this study was to investigate the responses of soil extracellular enzyme activities and ecoenzymatic stoichiometry to S. canadensis invasion. Several extracellular enzymatic activities related to carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus cycling were measured using a fluorometric method. Ecoenzymatic stoichiometry was used as a proxy of soil microbial metabolic limitations. S. canadensis invasion appeared to be associated with decreased activities of enzymes and with substantial conversions of microbial metabolic carbon and nitrogen limitations. The changes in the activities of extracellular enzymes and the limitations of microbial metabolism were correlated with the alterations in the nutrient availability and resource stoichiometry in the soil. These findings reveal that the alterations in soil available nutrients associated with S. canadensis invasion may regulate extracellular enzymatic activities and cause microbial metabolic limitations, suggesting that S. canadensis invasion considerably affects biogeochemical cycling processes.
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Cheng H, Wu B, Wang S, Wei M, Wang C. Nitrogen application and osmotic stress antagonistically affect wheat seed germination and seedling growth. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2021; 23:1289-1300. [PMID: 33689505 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2021.1895715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition (AtNiDe) and drought stress (DS) have strongly affected plant growth. However, previous research has primarily focused on the effects of AtNiDe with various levels and DS on plant growth (especially seed germination and seedling growth). This study aimed to evaluate the single and combined effects of AtNiDe with four types (compounds: NH4-N, NO3-N, CO(NH2)2-N, and a mixture of the three types of N) and DS (three levels: control, low, and high) on wheat seed germination and seedling growth. The AtNiDe treatment increased wheat seed germination and seedling growth. Mixed N exerted a greater positive effect on wheat seed germination and seedling growth than single N forms. Organic N also had a greater positive effect on wheat seed germination and seedling growth than reduced inorganic N. The DS treatment decreased wheat seed germination and seedling growth. The AtNiDe treatment alleviated the adverse effects of DS on wheat seed germination and seedling growth. Mixed N had the greatest effect on alleviating the adverse effects of DS on wheat seed germination and seedling growth. Thus, AtNiDe and DS antagonistically affected wheat seed germination and seedling growth. NOVELTY STATEMENT This study assessed the single and combined effects of atmospheric nitrogen deposition with four types and drought stress at three levels on wheat seed germination and seedling growth. Generally, nitrogen and drought antagonistically affected wheat seed germination and seedling growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyuan Cheng
- Institute of Environment and Ecology and School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Bingde Wu
- Institute of Environment and Ecology and School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhaotong University, Zhaotong, China
| | - Shu Wang
- Institute of Environment and Ecology and School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Mei Wei
- Institute of Environment and Ecology and School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Congyan Wang
- Institute of Environment and Ecology and School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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Cheng H, Wu B, Yu Y, Wang S, Wei M, Wang C, Du D. The allelopathy of horseweed with different invasion degrees in three provinces along the Yangtze River in China. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 27:483-495. [PMID: 33854278 PMCID: PMC7981341 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-021-00962-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The effect of allelopathy from invasive alien plants (IAPs) on native species is one of the main factors for their adaptation and diffusion. IAPs can have different degrees of invasion under natural succession and are distributed in numerous regions. Seed germination and seedling growth (SGe-SGr) play a crucial role in population recruitment. Thus, it is critical to illustrate the differences in the allelopathy caused by an IAP with different degrees of invasion in numerous regions on SGe-SGr of native species to describe the primary force behind their adaptation and diffusion. This study assessed the allelopathy of the notorious IAP horseweed (Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronq.) on SGe-SGr of the native lettuce species (Lactuca sativa L.) under different degrees of invasion (light degree of invasion and heavy degree of invasion) in three provinces (Jiangsu, Anhui, and Hubei) along the Yangtze River in China. The allelopathy of horseweed leaf extract on lettuce SGe-SGr remarkably increased with the increased degree of invasion, which may be due to the buildup of allelochemicals generated by horseweed with a heavy degree of invasion compared with a light degree of invasion. A high concentration of horseweed leaf extract resulted in noticeably stronger allelopathy on lettuce SGe-SGr compared to the extract with a low concentration. There are noticeable differences in the allelopathy of the extract of horseweed leaves from different provinces on lettuce SGe-SGr with the following order i.e. Jiangsu > Hubei > Anhui. This may be due to the high latitudes for the three sampling sites in Jiangsu compared with the latitudes for the collection sites in Hubei and Anhui. There are certain differences in the environments among the three provinces. Thus, the allelopathy of horseweed on SGe-SGr of lettuce may have a greater negative impact in Jiangsu compared to the other two provinces. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-021-00962-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyuan Cheng
- Institute of Environment and Ecology & School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013 China
| | - Bingde Wu
- Institute of Environment and Ecology & School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013 China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhaotong University, Zhaotong, 657000 China
| | - Youli Yu
- Institute of Environment and Ecology & School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013 China
| | - Shu Wang
- Institute of Environment and Ecology & School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013 China
| | - Mei Wei
- Institute of Environment and Ecology & School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013 China
| | - Congyan Wang
- Institute of Environment and Ecology & School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013 China
| | - Daolin Du
- Institute of Environment and Ecology & School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013 China
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Phytotoxic Potential and Phenolic Profile of Extracts from Scrophularia striata. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10010135. [PMID: 33440883 PMCID: PMC7827524 DOI: 10.3390/plants10010135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
A large number of plants produce secondary metabolites known as allelochemicals that are capable of inhibiting the germination of competitive species. This process is known as allelopathy and is mediated by several classes of chemicals, among which phenolic compounds are the most frequent. Thus, plant allelochemicals can be used to control weeds in agricultural systems. In the present work, we analyzed the phenolic profile and phytotoxic potential of different extracts (pure water or water: ethanol 50:50) from Scrophulariastriata plants that were collected from two ecological regions in Iran (Pahleh and Lizan). The total polyphenolic content (TPC), as evaluated by the Folin-Ciocolteau method, ranged from 28.3 mg/g in the aqueous extract obtained from the Lizan ecotype to 39.6 mg/g in the hydroalcoholic extract obtained from the Pahleh ecotype. Moreover, HPLC analysis was aimed at determining the content of eight phenolic compounds, namely eugenol, rosmarinic acid, hesperetin, hesperedin, trans-ferulic acid, vanillin, and caffeic acid. According to the results, rosmarinic acid appeared to be the most abundant component. The phytotoxic activities of S.striata extracts were examined on the seed germination of a crop species, Lepidium sativum, and two weeds, Chenopodium album and Malva sylvestris. All extracts showed inhibitory effects on these species. The efficiency of these inhibitory effects depended on the type of plant species, origin, and concentration of extract. The highest phytotoxic activity was caused by approximately 1% concentration of extract. The most susceptible weed was M. sylvestris. The extracts that were obtained from the Pahleh ecotype, notably the hydroalcoholic ones, showed higher phytotoxicity against L. sativum, C. album and M. sylvestris. These results encourage further studies to support the use of S. striata as a source of bioherbicides.
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Wang S, Wei M, Cheng H, Wu B, Du D, Wang C. Indigenous plant species and invasive alien species tend to diverge functionally under heavy metal pollution and drought stress. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 205:111160. [PMID: 32853864 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The functional similarity between indigenous plant species (IPS) and invasive alien species (IAS) governs the invasion process of successful IAS because IPS and coexisting IAS suffer alike or even same ecological selection pressures. The aggravated condition created by heavy metal pollution (HMP) and drought stress may generate a noticeable impact on the invasive competitiveness and invasion process of IAS possibly via the variations in the functional similarity between IPS and IAS. Consequently, it is necessary to illumine the functional similarity between IPS and IAS under HMP and drought stress to clarify the mechanisms underlying the successful invasion of IAS. This study aims to estimate the functional similarity between IPS Amaranthus tricolor L. and IAS A. retroflexus L. under the condition with the alone and combined effects of HMP with different kinds (e.g., Cu and Pb) and drought stress [simulated by polyethylene glycol-6000 (PEG) solution]. HMP notably declines A. tricolor growth but has no remarkable effect on A. retroflexus growth. A. retroflexus displays a strong competitive intensity than A. tricolor under HMP. Further, HMP makes a greater stress intensity on A. tricolor growth than A. retroflexus growth. Therefore, HMP can accelerate A. retroflexus invasion. A. retroflexus displays a poor competitive intensity under drought stress. Thus, drought stress can hinder A. retroflexus invasion. However, drought stress causes a greater stress intensity on A. tricolor growth than A. retroflexus growth. Thus, the continued drought stress may converse the adverse effects of drought stress on A. retroflexus invasion potentially. The two Amaranthus species tend to diverge functionally under the combined HMP and drought stress. Further, A. retroflexus shows a strong competitive intensity than A. tricolor under the combined HMP and drought stress. Moreover, the combined HMP and drought stress induces a greater stress intensity on A. tricolor growth than A. retroflexus growth. Thus, the combined HMP and drought stress can facilitate A. retroflexus invasion. Meanwhile, the competitiveness for sunlight acquisition and leaf photosynthetic capacity may play a key role in the successful invasion of A. retroflexus under the combined HMP and drought stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Wang
- Institute of Environment and Ecology & School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Mei Wei
- Institute of Environment and Ecology & School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Huiyuan Cheng
- Institute of Environment and Ecology & School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Bingde Wu
- Institute of Environment and Ecology & School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Daolin Du
- Institute of Environment and Ecology & School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Congyan Wang
- Institute of Environment and Ecology & School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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Does N deposition mitigate the adverse impacts of drought stress on plant seed germination and seedling growth? ACTA OECOLOGICA 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.actao.2020.103650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Ghimire BK, Hwang MH, Sacks EJ, Yu CY, Kim SH, Chung IM. Screening of Allelochemicals in Miscanthus sacchariflorus Extracts and Assessment of Their Effects on Germination and Seedling Growth of Common Weeds. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E1313. [PMID: 33028036 PMCID: PMC7600465 DOI: 10.3390/plants9101313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
There is increasing interest in the application of bioherbicides because they are less destructive to the global ecosystem than synthetic herbicides. Research has focused on reducing the dependence upon synthetic herbicides by substituting them with environmentally and economically sustainable bioproducts. Allelopathic phytochemicals may be an efficient method for controlling weeds, benefitting both the environment and human health. This study addressed the allelopathic potential of Miscanthus sacchariflorus (MS) extracts on the germination, plant growth, biomass, and biochemical parameters (electrolyte leakage, photosynthetic pigments, and antioxidant enzyme activities) of weeds using laboratory and field experiments. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) showed the presence of 22 phenolic compounds, including Orientin, Luteolin, Veratric acid, Chlorogenic acid, Protocatechuic acid, p-Coumaric acid, and Ferulic acid. Leaf extracts of M. sacchariflorus either completely suppressed or partially reduced seed germination and affected the development of weed seedlings (root and shoot length), in a dose-dependent manner. Aqueous extracts of M. sacchariflorus reduced the fresh weight and dry weight, affected the photosynthetic pigment content (chlorophylls, carotenoids), influenced the electrolyte ion leakage, and stimulated the activity of antioxidant enzymes in a species-specific manner. Pearson's correlation analysis showed that the phenolic compound composition of M. sacchariflorus correlated with the variables tested, indicating that the phytochemicals present in the plant extracts of M. sacchariflorus are a potential source of bio-herbicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bimal Kumar Ghimire
- Department of Crop Science, College of Sanghuh Life Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (B.K.G.); (S.H.K.)
| | - Myeong Ha Hwang
- Bioherb Research Institute, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (M.H.H.); (C.Y.Y.)
| | - Erik J. Sacks
- Department of Crop Science, University of Illinois, Urban-Champaign, 1201 W, Gregory Dr., Urbana, IL 61801, USA;
| | - Chang Yeon Yu
- Bioherb Research Institute, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (M.H.H.); (C.Y.Y.)
| | - Seung Hyun Kim
- Department of Crop Science, College of Sanghuh Life Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (B.K.G.); (S.H.K.)
| | - Ill Min Chung
- Department of Crop Science, College of Sanghuh Life Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (B.K.G.); (S.H.K.)
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Wei M, Wang S, Wu B, Cheng H, Wang C. Heavy metal pollution improves allelopathic effects of Canada goldenrod on lettuce germination. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2020; 22:832-838. [PMID: 32335983 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Large amounts of heavy metals have been released into the environment. Thus, the allelopathic effects of invasive alien species on the germination performance of co-occurring indigenous species may be altered or even heightened with the rapid growth in heavy metal pollution. This study evaluated the impacts of Canada goldenrod (Solidago canadensis L.) leaf extracts at concentrations of 0, 10 or 20 gl 1 on the germination of lettuce under different forms of heavy metal pollution (Cu2+ , Pb2+ or a combination of Cu2+ and Pb2+ ; 35 mgl 1) during incubation in Petri dishes for 10 days. Goldenrod leaf extracts (high concentration) reduced growth of aboveground and belowground parts of lettuce as well as competition for light and soil nutrients. However, low concentrations of goldenrod leaf extracts dramatically improved growth of lettuce roots, competition for light, soil nutrient availability, leaf photosynthetic area and growth competitiveness. The combination of goldenrod leaf extracts and heavy metal pollution was synergistic on most lettuce germination parameters, probably because high concentrations of goldenrod leaf extracts together with heavy metal pollution had a synergistic negative impact on lettuce germination. Consequently, increased levels of heavy metal pollution may favour invasion of invasive alien species while largely suppressing germination of indigenous species.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Wei
- Institute of Environment and Ecology & School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - S Wang
- Institute of Environment and Ecology & School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - B Wu
- Institute of Environment and Ecology & School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - H Cheng
- Institute of Environment and Ecology & School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - C Wang
- Institute of Environment and Ecology & School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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Wei M, Wang S, Cheng H, Wu B, Wang C. The mixed silicon and cadmium synergistically impact the allelopathy of Solidago canadensis L. on native plant species Lactuca sativa L. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2020; 29:1095-1104. [PMID: 32666147 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-020-02251-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Several invasive alien plants (IAP) can trigger evidently allelopathy on the seed germination and seedling growth (SgSg) of native plant species (NPS). The getting worse condition with heavy metal pollution (e.g., cadmium) can significantly impact SgSg of plant species. Silicon can offset the adverse effects of environmental pressure on the growth and development of plant species. Thus, it is important to evaluate the influences of silicon on the allelopathy of IAP on SgSg of NPS under cadmium stress to better understand the mechanism driving the successful colonization of IAP. This study focuses on the allelopathy of the infamous IAP Solidago canadensis L. (Canada goldenrod; by using leaf extracts) on SgSg of NPS Lactuca sativa L. under the separated and mixed silicon and cadmium addition. S. canadensis triggers notably allelopathy on SgSg of L. sativa and gradually upsurges with increasing leaf extract concentration. Thus, the growth performance of NPS will be gradually reduced with an increasing degree of S. canadensis invasion. Cadmium evidently declines SgSg of L. sativa due to the broken balance of plant species for nutrient absorption. The mixed S. canadensis leaf extracts and cadmium synergistically impact seed germination of L. sativa but antagonistically affect seedling growth of L. sativa. The mixed silicon and cadmium intensify the allelopathy of S. canadensis on SgSg of L. sativa probably due to the increased effective content of cadmium in plant roots under silicon addition. Thus, the mixed silicon and cadmium will be advantageous to the following invasion process of IAP largely via the depressed SgSg of NPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Wei
- Institute of Environment and Ecology & School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Shu Wang
- Institute of Environment and Ecology & School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Huiyuan Cheng
- Institute of Environment and Ecology & School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Bingde Wu
- Institute of Environment and Ecology & School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Congyan Wang
- Institute of Environment and Ecology & School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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Wei M, Wang S, Wu B, Cheng H, Wang C. Combined allelopathy of Canada goldenrod and horseweed on the seed germination and seedling growth performance of lettuce. LANDSCAPE AND ECOLOGICAL ENGINEERING 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11355-020-00421-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Wang S, Cheng H, Wei M, Wu B, Wang C. Litter decomposition process dramatically declines the allelopathy of Solidago canadensis L. on the seed germination and seedling growth of Lactuca sativa L. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2020; 22:1295-1303. [PMID: 32429684 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2020.1765140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A variety of invasive alien species (IAS) can trigger distinct allelopathy on the seed germination and seedling growth (SGeSGr) of native plant species (NPS) mainly through the released allelochemicals. However, the decomposition process of IAS litters may affect their allelopathy on SGeSGr of NPS because part of the allelochemicals will be released during the litter decomposition process, especially under heavy metal pollution. This study focuses on the impacts of the litter decomposition process of the notorious IAS Solidago canadensis L. on its allelopathy on SGeSGr of NPS Lactuca sativa L. under cadmium (Cd) pollution. The decomposition process signally declines the allelopathy of S. canadensis litters on SGeSGr of L. sativa likely because partial allelochemicals in S. canadensis litters discharged during the decomposition process. Cd addition noticeably rises the allelopathy of S. canadensis litters on SGeSGr of L. sativa probably because Cd can reduce plant growth largely via the improved lipid membrane permeability and the induced reactive oxygen molecules which is unfavorable to plant cell metabolism. This phenomenon may also be attributed to the weak acid properties of one of the most abundant allelochemicals in S. canadensis litters, i.e., phenolics (particularly polyphenols), can improve the solubility and the toxicity of Cd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Wang
- Institute of Environment and Ecology & School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, PR China
| | - Huiyuan Cheng
- Institute of Environment and Ecology & School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, PR China
| | - Mei Wei
- Institute of Environment and Ecology & School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, PR China
| | - Bingde Wu
- Institute of Environment and Ecology & School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, PR China
| | - Congyan Wang
- Institute of Environment and Ecology & School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai, PR China
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Wang C, Wei M, Wang S, Wu B, Du D. Cadmium influences the litter decomposition of Solidago canadensis L. and soil N-fixing bacterial communities. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 246:125717. [PMID: 31918081 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
It is important to illuminate the effects of litter decomposition of invasive alien species on soil N-fixing bacterial communities (SoNiBa), especially under heavy metal pollution to better outline the mechanisms for invasion success of invasive alien species. This study attempts to identify the effects of litter decomposition of Solidago canadensis L. on SoNiBa under cadmium (Cd) pollution with different concentrations (i.e., low concentration, 7.5 mg/kg soil; high concentration, 15 mg/kg soil) via a polyethylene litterbags-experiment. Electrical conductivity and total N of soil were the most important environmental factors for determining the variations of SoNiBa composition. S. canadensis did not significantly affect the alpha diversity of SoNiBa but significantly affect the beta diversity of SoNiBa and SoNiBa composition. Thus, SoNiBa composition, rather than alpha diversity of SoNiBa, was the most important determinant of the invasion success of S. canadensis. Cd with 15 mg/kg soil did not address distinct effects on alpha diversity of SoNiBa, but Cd with 7.5 mg/kg soil noticeably raised the number of species and species richness of SoNiBa mainly due to the hormonal effects. The combined S. canadensis and Cd with 15 mg/kg soil obviously decreased cumulative mass losses and the rate of litter decomposition (k) of S. canadensis, but the combined S. canadensis and Cd with 7.5 mg/kg soil evidently accelerated cumulative mass losses and k of S. canadensis. Thus, Cd with 7.5 mg/kg soil can accelerate litter decomposition of S. canadensis, but Cd with 15 mg/kg soil can decline litter decomposition of S. canadensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congyan Wang
- Institute of Environment and Ecology & School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China.
| | - Mei Wei
- Institute of Environment and Ecology & School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, PR China
| | - Shu Wang
- Institute of Environment and Ecology & School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, PR China
| | - Bingde Wu
- Institute of Environment and Ecology & School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, PR China
| | - Daolin Du
- Institute of Environment and Ecology & School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, PR China
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Yan H, Feng L, Zhao Y, Feng L, Zhu C, Qu Y, Wang H. Predicting the potential distribution of an invasive species, Erigeron canadensis L., in China with a maximum entropy model. Glob Ecol Conserv 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2019.e00822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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Gris D, Boaretto AG, Marques MR, Damasceno-Junior GA, Carollo CA. Secondary metabolites that could contribute to the monodominance of Erythrina fusca in the Brazilian Pantanal. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2019; 28:1232-1240. [PMID: 31728821 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-019-02133-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Erythrina fusca is a dominant species in the Brazilian Pantanal. We hypothesized that E. fusca possess allelopathic potential and we evaluated effects of extracts on germination and development of Lactuca sativa, a bioindicator species. We tested the effect of leaves, bark, roots, and seeds extracts of E. fusca on germination and speed index, using high, moderate and low concentration (0.2, 1 and 5 mg mL-1). To evaluate effects on development, we subjected seedlings of L. sativa to the same treatments and measured root and aerial part length. High concentration of extracts reduced L. sativa germination; leaves extract caused the maximum reduction on germination of L. sativa, similar to 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D); this extract has flavonoids and saponins as main compounds, classes that also occur in the bark and roots extracts in lower concentrations; bark and roots (5 mg mL-1), leaves and roots (1 mg mL-1) decreased these traits as well, but in lower magnitude. A significant reduction in root length was induced by highest concentration of all extracts (5 mg mL-1); the results suggest that erythrinic alkaloids should interfere in the root length once the seeds accumulate almost exclusively this class of compounds. Our results showed that all parts of E. fusca had adverse effects on germination or development of L. sativa, showing that different class of compounds secondary metabolites is involved in this activity. Possibly, this phytotoxicity influences monodominance of E. fusca in Pantanal, but studies are essential to evaluate effects of it on other native species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darlene Gris
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, 79070-900, Brazil.
| | - Amanda Galdi Boaretto
- Laboratório de Produtos Naturais e Espectrometria de Massas, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, 79070-900, Brazil
| | - Maria Rita Marques
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, 79070-900, Brazil
| | - Geraldo Alves Damasceno-Junior
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, 79070-900, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alexandre Carollo
- Laboratório de Produtos Naturais e Espectrometria de Massas, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, 79070-900, Brazil
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Sun ZK, He WM. Autotoxicity of root exudates varies with species identity and soil phosphorus. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2019; 28:429-434. [PMID: 30904977 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-019-02035-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Root exudate autotoxicity (i.e. root exudates from a given plant have toxic effects on itself) has been recognized to be widespread. Here we examined how plant species identity and soil phosphorus (P) availability influenced this autotoxicity and the possible stoichiometric mechanisms. We conducted an experiment with three species (Luctuca sativa, Sesbania cannabina, and Solidago canadensis), which were subject to four treatments consisting of activated carbon (AC) and soil P. AC addition increased the whole-plant biomass of each species under high P conditions and this AC effect varied strongly with species identity. For Solidago, the relative increase in whole-plant biomass due to AC addition was larger in the low P than in the high P. Root exudate autotoxicity differed between roots and shoots. AC addition decreased root N:P ratios but failed to influence shoot N:P ratios in three species. These findings suggest that soil P enrichment might mediate root exudate autotoxicity and that this P-mediated autotoxicity might be related to root N and P stoichiometry. These patterns and their implications need to be addressed in the context of plant communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Kai Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100093, Beijing, China
- Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, 100091, Beijing, China
| | - Wei-Ming He
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100093, Beijing, China.
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China.
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