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Akfas F, Elghali A, Aboulaich A, Munoz M, Benzaazoua M, Bodinier JL. Exploring the potential reuse of phosphogypsum: A waste or a resource? THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 908:168196. [PMID: 37924873 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
Phosphogypsum (PG), the main industrial by-product of phosphate fertilizer industry, primarily consists of calcium sulfate dihydrate. However, it contains various impurities with variable quantities depending on the origin of the phosphate rock. These impurities can restrict the reuse of phosphogypsum as a secondary primary resource. Consequently, large quantities of produced PG are stored in surface stockpiles that occupy extensive land areas and may pose a significant risk of ecological contamination to the surroundings. Researchers have shown growing interest in addressing the worldwide accumulation of this waste material. To gain a comprehensive understanding of the environmental impact of phosphogypsum, it is crucial to explore its properties (e.g., chemistry, mineralogy, radioactivity), and how it interacts with the surrounding environment, enabling well-informed decisions decision regarding its management and its valorization. In this review, we will i) explore the chemical, radiological and mineralogical characteristics of PG; ii) discuss the environmental concerns related to land discharge and sea disposal; and iii) examine the latest advancements in various valorization techniques developed including agriculture, REE extraction, environmental application, chemical and thermal transformation, and also construction sector. Outlining their limitations and challenges restrict in the global variability of phosphogypsum (PG), technical and economic limitations, and the potential for secondary pollution in select valorization approaches. This requires a thorough assessment and comparison with conventional disposal alternatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Akfas
- Geology & Sustainable Mining Institute, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Lot-660, Benguerir 43150, Morocco
| | - Abdellatif Elghali
- Geology & Sustainable Mining Institute, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Lot-660, Benguerir 43150, Morocco.
| | - Abdelmaula Aboulaich
- Geology & Sustainable Mining Institute, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Lot-660, Benguerir 43150, Morocco
| | - Manuel Munoz
- Geoscience Montpellier, University of Montpellier, Montpellier-Cedex 5-34095, France
| | - Mostafa Benzaazoua
- Geology & Sustainable Mining Institute, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Lot-660, Benguerir 43150, Morocco
| | - Jean-Louis Bodinier
- Geology & Sustainable Mining Institute, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Lot-660, Benguerir 43150, Morocco; Geoscience Montpellier, University of Montpellier, Montpellier-Cedex 5-34095, France
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Ruggieri F, Forte G, Bocca B, Casentini B, Bruna Petrangeli A, Salatino A, Gimeno D. Potentially harmful elements released by volcanic ash of the 2021 Tajogaite eruption (Cumbre Vieja, La Palma Island, Spain): Implications for human health. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 905:167103. [PMID: 37717768 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
This study assesses the potential impacts on human health of volcanic ash emitted during the 2021 Tajogaite eruption (La Palma Island, Spain). Ash samples were physically and chemically characterized and leaching tests (with deionized water and acidic solution) were performed according to the IVHHN protocols to elucidate i) the leachable elements that may affect water quality and represent a potential threat for livestock and humans through drinking water supply; and ii) the bioaccessible fraction of toxicants able to be solubilized from ash surfaces if ashes are incidentally ingested by children. The most abundant readily water-soluble compounds were SO4, F, Cl, Na, Ca, Ba, Mg, and Zn. Fluoride and chloride (up to 1085 and 1347 mg/kg) showed higher values in distal ash samples than closer ones. The potential F availability assessed from water leachates may suggest important environmental and health implications. In addition, long-term health hazard due to a long-term weathering of tephra deposits should be possible as confirmed by the greater amount of F extracted by acidic solution. Concentration of other trace elements (e.g., As, V, Mn, Mo, Cr, Fe, Se, Ti, Pb) were low compared to global medians and within the range globally assessed. Indicative calculation of hazard for water supply showed that F concentration may exceed both the recommended value (1 mg/L) for irrigation purpose and the health-based drinking water limits of 1.5 mg/L (for humans) and 2 mg/L (for livestock). If the predicted concentrations in water were compared with the toxicologically dose, F showed a potential health-risk for children through drinking water. The indicative health-risk characterization via accidental ash ingestion showed that the direct exposure does not represent a primary source of F daily intake for children. This important outcome confirmed F as element with the greatest health threat during Tajogaite 2021 eruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Ruggieri
- Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Forte
- Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Beatrice Bocca
- Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Barbara Casentini
- Water Research Institute (IRSA-CNR), National Research Council, Monterotondo, Italy
| | | | - Anastasio Salatino
- Water Research Institute (IRSA-CNR), National Research Council, Monterotondo, Italy
| | - Domingo Gimeno
- Department of Mineralogy, Petrology and Applied Geology, University of Barcelona, Spain
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Chen Q, Wang P, Wang Y, Feng Y, Liu Y, Qi C, Liu L. Fluorides immobilization through calcium aluminate cement-based backfill: Accessing the detailed leaching characterization under torrential rainfall. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 238:117229. [PMID: 37778605 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Urbanization and economic development have increased the demand for fertilizers to sustain food crop yields. Huge amounts of by-products, especially phosphogypsum (PG), are generated during the wet processing of rock phosphate to produce fertilizers. Chronic exposure to fluoride in phosphogypsum in groundwater as a result of the weathering of fluoride-containing waste poses a significant health risk to millions of people. We propose a method for using calcium aluminate cement (CAC) to remediate high fluoride contents in solid waste. Column leaching tests under harsh rainfall conditions confirmed the efficient fluoride immobilization capacity of a CAC binder. Although the fluoride concentrations in leachates during the first 1-2 days (1.25 mg/L) slightly exceeded the threshold of 1.00 mg/L, the concentrations over 3-28 days (ranging from 0.98 to 0.83 mg/L) consistently remained well within the acceptable range. Furthermore, our characterization and geochemical modeling revealed the fluoride retention mechanisms of CAC-stabilized PG under laboratory-simulated conditions of torrential rainfall. During leaching, physical encapsulation prevents fluoride from contacting leachate. However, an unfavorable pH value can cause the release of fluoride from the cement matrix, which is subsequently captured by aluminate hydrate through adsorption or co-precipitation. We quantified the carbon footprint of CAC for immobilizing 1 mg of fluoride in PG, obtaining a remarkably low value of 4.4 kg of CO2, in contrast to the emissions associated with the use of ordinary Portland cement (OPC). The findings suggest a unique opportunity for extensive PG remediation. This opportunity extends the horizons of achieving zero-waste emissions in the phosphorus industry and has practical significance in the context of reducing carbon emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiusong Chen
- School of Resources and Safety Engineering, Central South University, Lushan South Road 932, 410083, Hunan, China; Sinosteel Maanshan General Institute of Mining Research Co., Ltd., Maanshan, 243000, China
| | - Peishen Wang
- School of Resources and Safety Engineering, Central South University, Lushan South Road 932, 410083, Hunan, China
| | - Yunmin Wang
- School of Resources and Safety Engineering, Central South University, Lushan South Road 932, 410083, Hunan, China; Sinosteel Maanshan General Institute of Mining Research Co., Ltd., Maanshan, 243000, China
| | - Yan Feng
- School of Resources and Safety Engineering, Central South University, Lushan South Road 932, 410083, Hunan, China
| | - Yikai Liu
- Department of Geosciences and CIRCe Centre, University of Padua, Via G. Gradenigo 6, 35129, Padua, Italy.
| | - Chongchong Qi
- School of Resources and Safety Engineering, Central South University, Lushan South Road 932, 410083, Hunan, China
| | - Lang Liu
- Energy School, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710054, China; Key Laboratory of Western Mines and Hazards Prevention, Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an, 710054, China
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Chen Q, Sun S, Wang Y, Zhang Q, Zhu L, Liu Y. In-situ remediation of phosphogypsum in a cement-free pathway: Utilization of ground granulated blast furnace slag and NaOH pretreatment. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 313:137412. [PMID: 36455381 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In-situ remediating phosphogypsum (PG) for cemented paste backfill (CPB) in the contaminated site is economic management for promoting sustainable developments in the phosphate industry. This study concerns the combined use of NaOH pretreatment and ground-granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) additives to promote the solidification/stabilization of PG with a lower carbon footprint pathway. According to physico-chemical analyses, the NaOH pretreatment effectively removed approximately 95% of F within the PG, which may originally be present as sparingly soluble fluorides or coexisting with silicates. The micro mineralogical characterization illustrates that the pretreatment can accelerate the early age hydration, with more hydration products observed, including calcium silicate hydrates and ettringite, effective F and P retention candidates. Whereas the incorporation of GGBFS plays an essential role in promoting the generation of additional cement hydrates at the following stages. The macro mechanical performance analysis indicates that the mixtures of pretreated-PG-OPC-GGBFS exhibit an excellent mechanical performance satisfying the design criteria. Subsequent elemental mapping and toxicity characteristic leaching procedures demonstrate that this combined approach has a competitive F and P immobilization ability compared to the typical OPC binder and individual GGBFS addition. The newly formed phases effectively controlled the concentration of F and P through adsorption, incorporation, or encapsulation. Objectively, the proposed methodology can be a promising candidate pathway for extrapolating the in-situ immobilization of PG. This study opens up new perspectives for synergetically recycling PG and GGBFS in a profitable and low carbon footprint way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiusong Chen
- School of Resources and Safety Engineering, Central South University, Lushan South Road 932, 410083, Hunan, China; Sinosteel Maanshan General Institute of Mining Research Co., Ltd., Maanshan, 243000, China
| | - Shiyuan Sun
- School of Resources and Safety Engineering, Central South University, Lushan South Road 932, 410083, Hunan, China
| | - Yunmin Wang
- School of Resources and Safety Engineering, Central South University, Lushan South Road 932, 410083, Hunan, China
| | - Qinli Zhang
- School of Resources and Safety Engineering, Central South University, Lushan South Road 932, 410083, Hunan, China
| | - Liming Zhu
- School of Resources and Safety Engineering, Central South University, Lushan South Road 932, 410083, Hunan, China
| | - Yikai Liu
- Department of Geosciences and CIRCe Centre, University of Padua, Via G. Gradenigo 6, 35129, Padua, Italy.
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Investigating Phases of Thermal Unrest at Ambrym (Vanuatu) Volcano through the Normalized Hot Spot Indices Tool and the Integration with the MIROVA System. REMOTE SENSING 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/rs14133136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Ambrym is an active volcanic island, located in the Vanuatu archipelago, consisting of a 12 km-wide summit caldera. This open vent volcano is characterized by an almost persistent degassing activity which occurs in the Benbow and Marum craters, which were also the site of recent lava lakes. On 15 December 2018, about three years after an intense lava effusion, the first recorded since 1989, a small-scale intra-caldera fissure eruption occurred. On 16 December, the eruption stopped, and the lava lakes at the Benbow and Marum craters were drained. In this work, we investigated the thermal activity of the Ambrym volcano, before, during, and after the 15 December 2018 eruption, using daytime Sentinel-2 (S2) Multispectral Instruments (MSI) and Landsat-8 (L8) Operational Land Imager (OLI) data, at a mid-high spatial resolution. The results were integrated with Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) observations. Outputs of the Normalized Hotspot Indices (NHI) tool, retrieved from S2-MSI and L8-OLI data, show that the thermal activity at the Ambrym craters increased about three weeks before the 15 December 2018 lava effusion. This information is consistent with the estimates of volcanic radiative power (VRP), which were performed by the Middle Infrared Observation of Volcanic Activity (MIROVA) system, by analyzing the nighttime MODIS data. The latter revealed a significant increase of VRP, with values above 700 MW at the end of the October–November 2018 period. Moreover, the drastic reduction of thermal emissions at the craters, marked by the NHI tool since the day of the fissure eruption, is consistent with the drop in the lava lake level that was independently suggested in a previous study. These results demonstrate that the S2-MSI and L8-OLI time series, combined with infrared MODIS observations, may contribute to detecting increasing trends in lava lake activity, which may precede effusive eruptions at the open vent volcanoes. This study addresses some challenging scenarios regarding the definition of possible threshold levels (e.g., in terms of VRP and total Short Wave Infrared radiance) from the NHI and MIROVA datasets, which could require special attention from local authorities in terms of the occurrence of possible future eruptions.
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Farías P, Estevez-García JA, Onofre-Pardo EN, Pérez-Humara ML, Rojas-Lima E, Álamo-Hernández U, Rocha-Amador DO. Fluoride Exposure through Different Drinking Water Sources in a Contaminated Basin in Guanajuato, Mexico: A Deterministic Human Health Risk Assessment. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182111490. [PMID: 34770007 PMCID: PMC8583120 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182111490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Water fluoride levels above the World Health Organization’s guideline (1.5 mg/L), common in overexploited aquifers, represent a health hazard. Our objective was to assess the health risks posed by exposure to fluoride in different drinking water sources in a contaminated basin in Mexico. Fluoride was measured in mutual drinking water sources and in the urine of 39 children and women. Risks were estimated through hazard quotient (HQ) by drinking water source. Dental fluorosis was assessed in the children. Mean fluoride water concentrations (mg/L) were: well, 4.2; waterhole, 2.7; bottled, 2.1; rainwater, 0.4. The mean urinary fluoride concentrations (specific gravity adjusted) were 2.1 mg/L and 3.2 mg/L in children and women, respectively. Our multiple linear regression model showed children’s urinary fluoride concentrations increased 0.96 mg/L for every 1 mg/L increase in water fluoride (p < 0.001). Dental fluorosis was diagnosed in 82% of the children, and their HQ according to drinking water source was: well, 1.5; waterhole, 1.1; bottled, 0.8; harvested rainwater, 0.3. The pervasive dental fluorosis indicates a toxic past fluoride exposure; urinary fluoride levels and HQs indicate high exposure and current health risks for most children. Drinking harvested rainwater will likely prevent most of the local fluoride exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Farías
- Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Universidad No. 655, Colonia Santa María Ahuacatitlán, Cuernavaca 62100, Mexico; (J.A.E.-G.); (E.N.O.-P.); (M.L.P.-H.); (E.R.-L.); (U.Á.-H.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Jesús Alejandro Estevez-García
- Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Universidad No. 655, Colonia Santa María Ahuacatitlán, Cuernavaca 62100, Mexico; (J.A.E.-G.); (E.N.O.-P.); (M.L.P.-H.); (E.R.-L.); (U.Á.-H.)
| | - Erika Noelia Onofre-Pardo
- Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Universidad No. 655, Colonia Santa María Ahuacatitlán, Cuernavaca 62100, Mexico; (J.A.E.-G.); (E.N.O.-P.); (M.L.P.-H.); (E.R.-L.); (U.Á.-H.)
| | - María Luisa Pérez-Humara
- Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Universidad No. 655, Colonia Santa María Ahuacatitlán, Cuernavaca 62100, Mexico; (J.A.E.-G.); (E.N.O.-P.); (M.L.P.-H.); (E.R.-L.); (U.Á.-H.)
| | - Elodia Rojas-Lima
- Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Universidad No. 655, Colonia Santa María Ahuacatitlán, Cuernavaca 62100, Mexico; (J.A.E.-G.); (E.N.O.-P.); (M.L.P.-H.); (E.R.-L.); (U.Á.-H.)
| | - Urinda Álamo-Hernández
- Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Universidad No. 655, Colonia Santa María Ahuacatitlán, Cuernavaca 62100, Mexico; (J.A.E.-G.); (E.N.O.-P.); (M.L.P.-H.); (E.R.-L.); (U.Á.-H.)
| | - Diana Olivia Rocha-Amador
- Departamento de Farmacia, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Guanajuato, Guanajuato 36050, Mexico;
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Cui SF, Fu YZ, Zhou BQ, Li JX, He WY, Yu YQ, Yang JY. Transfer characteristic of fluorine from atmospheric dry deposition, fertilizers, pesticides, and phosphogypsum into soil. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 278:130432. [PMID: 33839389 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Fluorine (F) is widely dispersed in the environment and frequently used in industry and agriculture with a high migration ability. Thus, it is essential to understand the leaching characteristic of F in soil from industry and agriculture sources. Several sources of F pollutants in soil, including fertilizers, pesticides, phosphogypsum, and atmospheric deposition, were selected to investigate leaching characteristics of F in soil by leaching experiments. The addition of phosphate fertilizer and compound fertilizer (N:P:K = 20:10:15) enhanced the leachability of F in soil and the proportion of F leached out from soil treated by these fertilizers were 0.25% and 0.24%, respectively. However, unanticipated lower leachability of F appeared in compound fertilizer (N:P:K = 17:17:17), nitrogen fertilizer, dipterex, fluoroglycofen, fluopimomide, simulative dry deposition (YF3), and phosphogypsum loaded soils compared with additive-absent treatment. Although phosphogysum had a high F concentration, minimum proportion of F released (0.18%) was observed in phosphogypsum-coverd soil. The amounts of F leaching-out from surface soils (0-25 cm) treated with nitrogen fertilizer decreased 1.03 kg ha-1 comparing with blank control. Soil with phosphate fertilizer leached 5.47 kg F ha-1 a year, having the highest environment risk to deeper soil and groundwater. However, phosphogypsum and dry deposition of airbone F chemical had few effects on F leaching in soil. F-containing materials from agricultural process may leach more F from surface soils than industrial sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Fan Cui
- College of Architecture and Environment & Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China; Yibin Institute of Industrial Technology, Sichuan University Yibin Park, Yibin, 644000, China
| | - Yuan-Zhou Fu
- College of Architecture and Environment & Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Bai-Qin Zhou
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering. Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Jin-Xin Li
- College of Architecture and Environment & Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Wen-Yan He
- College of Architecture and Environment & Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Ya-Qi Yu
- College of Architecture and Environment & Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China; Yibin Institute of Industrial Technology, Sichuan University Yibin Park, Yibin, 644000, China
| | - Jin-Yan Yang
- College of Architecture and Environment & Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China; Yibin Institute of Industrial Technology, Sichuan University Yibin Park, Yibin, 644000, China.
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Hossain M, Patra PK. Hydrogeochemical characterisation and health hazards of fluoride enriched groundwater in diverse aquifer types. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 258:113646. [PMID: 31796320 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
High concentration of fluoride (up to 20.9 mg/L) in groundwater with significant variation (p = 5.9E-128) among samples was reported from Birbhum district, an acknowledged fluoride endemic region in India. The groundwater samples (N = 368) were grouped based on their hydrochemical properties and aquifer geology for hydro-geochemical characterization. Friedman's test showed p < 0.0001 confidence level which indicates that fluoride concentration among geological groups and water groups are independent. Bland-Altman plot was used to study the inter-relationships among the groups through bias value (∂) and limit of agreement (LoA). Among the geological groups, laterites and granite-gneiss groups exhibited statistically significantly difference in fluoride geochemistry; whereas the younger and older alluvium groups displayed similar characteristics. The fluoride concentration was found to be in the order Lateritic > Granite-gneiss > Older alluvium ≥ Younger alluvium. Dissolution of minerals (such as fluorite, biotite) in laterite sheeted basalt, and granite-gneiss is the main source of groundwater fluoride in the region. Fluoride concentration is also influenced by depth of water table. Hydrochemical study indicated that fluoride concentration was higher in Na-HCO3 than in Ca-SO4 and Ca-HCO3 type of groundwater. The fluoride concentration were positively correlated with Na+ and pH and negatively correlated with the Ca2+ and Mg2+ signifying linkage with halite dissolution and calcite, dolomite precipitation. Geostatistical mapping of WQI through empirical bayesian kriging (EBK) with respect to regional optimal guideline value (0.73 mg/L) classified that groundwater in some parts of the district are unfit for drinking purpose. Health survey (N = 1767) based on Dean's criteria for dental fluorosis indicated presence of slight to moderate dental hazard. Besides, providing baseline data for management of groundwater quality in the study area, the study demonstrated the applicability of Bland-Altman analysis and empirical bayesian kriging (EBK) in delineation and interpolation of fluoride contaminated region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mobarok Hossain
- Department of Environmental Studies, Institute of Science, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan, 731235, Birbhum, West Bengal, India
| | - Pulak Kumar Patra
- Department of Environmental Studies, Institute of Science, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan, 731235, Birbhum, West Bengal, India.
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Foster T, Willetts J. Multiple water source use in rural Vanuatu: are households choosing the safest option for drinking? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2018; 28:579-589. [PMID: 30079752 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2018.1491953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Households in low- and middle-income countries commonly make use of multiple water sources. However, it remains unclear to what extent their drinking water choices are optimal from a health perspective. This matched cohort study across 10 islands in Vanuatu examined communities with both a groundwater and rainwater source to determine whether their preferred drinking option was the safest in microbial terms. In communities that preferred to drink rainwater, 56.5% of rainwater sources had 'high-risk' or 'very high risk' Escherichia coli contamination (> 10 MPN/100 mL) compared with 26.1% of groundwater sources (p = 0.092). Moreover, a preference for drinking rainwater was significantly associated with rainwater sources having 'high-risk' or 'very high risk' levels of E. coli contamination (p = 0.045). Results show that communities do not necessarily choose the safest water source for drinking. Findings also highlight the need to bolster local capacity to manage water quality risks and for Sustainable Development Goal monitoring to distinguish between protected and unprotected rainwater tanks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Foster
- a Institute for Sustainable Futures , University of Technology Sydney , Ultimo , Australia
| | - Juliet Willetts
- a Institute for Sustainable Futures , University of Technology Sydney , Ultimo , Australia
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10
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Mikkonen HG, van de Graaff R, Mikkonen AT, Clarke BO, Dasika R, Wallis CJ, Reichman SM. Environmental and anthropogenic influences on ambient background concentrations of fluoride in soil. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 242:1838-1849. [PMID: 30082154 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.07.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Excess exposure to fluoride causes substantive health burden in humans and livestock globally. However, few studies have assessed the distribution and controls of variability of ambient background concentrations of fluoride in soil. Ambient background concentrations of fluoride in soil were collated for Greater Melbourne, Greater Geelong, Ballarat and Mitchell in Victoria, Australia (n = 1005). Correlation analysis and machine learning techniques were used to identify environmental and anthropogenic influences of fluoride variability in soil. Sub-soils (>0.3 m deep), in some areas overlying siltstone and sandstone, and to a lesser extent, overlying basalt, were naturally enriched with fluoride at concentrations above ecological thresholds for grazing animals. Soil fluoride enrichment was predominantly influenced by parent material (mineralogy), precipitation (illuviation), leaching during palaeoclimates and marine inputs. Industrial air pollution did not significantly influence ambient background concentrations of fluoride at a regional scale. However, agricultural practices (potentially the use of phosphate fertilisers) were indicated to have resulted in added fluoride to surface soils overlying sediments. Geospatial variables alone were not sufficient to accurately model ambient background soil fluoride concentrations. A multiple regression model based on soil chemistry and parent material was shown to accurately predict ambient background fluoride concentrations in soils and support assessment of fluoride enrichment in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah G Mikkonen
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Centre for Environmental Sustainability and Remediation, RMIT University, Victoria, Australia; CDM Smith, Richmond, Victoria, Australia
| | | | | | - Bradley O Clarke
- Centre for Environmental Sustainability and Remediation, RMIT University, Victoria, Australia; School of Science, RMIT University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Raghava Dasika
- Australian Contaminated Land Consultants Association, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Suzie M Reichman
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Centre for Environmental Sustainability and Remediation, RMIT University, Victoria, Australia.
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Koga KT, Rose-Koga EF. Fluorine in the Earth and the solar system, where does it come from and can it be found? CR CHIM 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crci.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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