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Amin N, Foster T, Shimki NT, Willetts J. Hospital wastewater (HWW) treatment in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review of microbial treatment efficacy. Sci Total Environ 2024; 921:170994. [PMID: 38365018 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Proper treatment of hospital wastewater (HWW) is crucial to minimize the long-term effects on human health and aquatic ecosystems. However, the majority of HWW generated in low and middle-income countries (LMICs), is discharged without adequate treatment. This systematic review aims to fill the knowledge gap in LMICs by examining the efficacy of HWW treatment and the types of technologies used. METHODS Studies included in the review offered valuable insights into the current state of HWW management in LMICs. Between 2000 and 2022, only 36 research studies focused on hospital-based wastewater treatment within LMICs. Data were extracted on wastewater treatment technologies in hospitals or healthcare settings in LMICs. Data on sampling techniques, effectiveness, microorganisms and risk of bias of included studies were recorded. RESULTS A total of 36 articles met the eligibility criteria: mentioned about 1) hospitals 2) wastewater treatment 3) LMICs and 4) treatment efficacy. Twenty-two studies were conducted in Asia (22/36), 17 were conducted in countries with high Human Development Index. Constructed wetland, and activated sludge process were the most common technologies used in LMICs. A few studies utilized membrane bioreactors and ozone/UV treatment. Fourteen studies reported the concentration reduction to assess the microbial efficacy of the treatment process, 29/36 studies did not meet the national standards for effluent discharge. Reporting on sampling methods, wastewater treatment processes and efficacy of HWW treatment were at high risk of bias. Extreme heterogeneity in study methods and outcomes reporting precluded meta-analysis. CONCLUSIONS The existing evidence indicates inadequate microbial treatment in low- and middle-income country hospitals, with this systematic review emphasizing the need for improvement in healthcare waste management. It underscores the importance of long-term studies using innovative treatment methods to better understand waste removal in LMIC hospitals and calls for further research to develop context-specific healthcare waste treatment approaches in these regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuhu Amin
- Institute for Sustainable Futures, University of Technology Sydney, 235 Jones St, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia; Environmental Health and WASH, Health System and Population Studies Division, icddr,b, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
| | - Tim Foster
- Institute for Sustainable Futures, University of Technology Sydney, 235 Jones St, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Nafeya Tabassum Shimki
- Environmental Health and WASH, Health System and Population Studies Division, icddr,b, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Juliet Willetts
- Institute for Sustainable Futures, University of Technology Sydney, 235 Jones St, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
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2
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Cockx BJR, Foster T, Clegg RJ, Alden K, Arya S, Stekel DJ, Smets BF, Kreft JU. Is it selfish to be filamentous in biofilms? Individual-based modeling links microbial growth strategies with morphology using the new and modular iDynoMiCS 2.0. PLoS Comput Biol 2024; 20:e1011303. [PMID: 38422165 PMCID: PMC10947719 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1011303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Microbial communities are found in all habitable environments and often occur in assemblages with self-organized spatial structures developing over time. This complexity can only be understood, predicted, and managed by combining experiments with mathematical modeling. Individual-based models are particularly suited if individual heterogeneity, local interactions, and adaptive behavior are of interest. Here we present the completely overhauled software platform, the individual-based Dynamics of Microbial Communities Simulator, iDynoMiCS 2.0, which enables researchers to specify a range of different models without having to program. Key new features and improvements are: (1) Substantially enhanced ease of use (graphical user interface, editor for model specification, unit conversions, data analysis and visualization and more). (2) Increased performance and scalability enabling simulations of up to 10 million agents in 3D biofilms. (3) Kinetics can be specified with any arithmetic function. (4) Agent properties can be assembled from orthogonal modules for pick and mix flexibility. (5) Force-based mechanical interaction framework enabling attractive forces and non-spherical agent morphologies as an alternative to the shoving algorithm. The new iDynoMiCS 2.0 has undergone intensive testing, from unit tests to a suite of increasingly complex numerical tests and the standard Benchmark 3 based on nitrifying biofilms. A second test case was based on the "biofilms promote altruism" study previously implemented in BacSim because competition outcomes are highly sensitive to the developing spatial structures due to positive feedback between cooperative individuals. We extended this case study by adding morphology to find that (i) filamentous bacteria outcompete spherical bacteria regardless of growth strategy and (ii) non-cooperating filaments outcompete cooperating filaments because filaments can escape the stronger competition between themselves. In conclusion, the new substantially improved iDynoMiCS 2.0 joins a growing number of platforms for individual-based modeling of microbial communities with specific advantages and disadvantages that we discuss, giving users a wider choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bastiaan J. R. Cockx
- Department of Environmental and Resource Engineering, Technical University of Demark, DTU Lyngby campus, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Tim Foster
- Centre for Computational Biology & Institute of Microbiology and Infection & School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Robert J. Clegg
- Centre for Computational Biology & Institute of Microbiology and Infection & School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Kieran Alden
- Centre for Computational Biology & Institute of Microbiology and Infection & School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Sankalp Arya
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire, United Kingdom
| | - Dov J. Stekel
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire, United Kingdom
| | - Barth F. Smets
- Department of Environmental and Resource Engineering, Technical University of Demark, DTU Lyngby campus, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jan-Ulrich Kreft
- Centre for Computational Biology & Institute of Microbiology and Infection & School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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Keightley P, Foster T, Eggins K, Reay RE. The impact of adolescent suicide on clinicians: a mixed-methods study. Occup Med (Lond) 2023; 73:398-403. [PMID: 37499056 DOI: 10.1093/occmed/kqad085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinician reactions to client suicide may include shock, grief, guilt, self-doubt, shame, anger, and fears of blame and medico-legal consequences. Clinicians will often differ in their reactions to the suicide and the type of supports required. Adolescent suicide-specific literature is limited. AIMS We sought to explore clinician reactions and perceptions of support following child and adolescent suicide. METHODS One hundred and fifteen staff working for a Child and Adolescent Mental Health Service were invited to complete an online survey with quantitative and qualitative components, and an in-depth semi-structured interview. Results were presented to teams for reflection and further feedback. RESULTS Eight clinicians participated in the semi-structured interview, and 33 in the online survey. Thirteen were the primary clinician, and 21 were part of a multi-disciplinary team when a client suicided. Respondents were predominantly female, from a range of disciplines. Fifty per cent of primary clinicians found the support good to very good. The rest were neutral. However, 26% of team members found support poor to very poor. Clinicians reported questioning their clinical effectiveness and chosen vocation. Some reported a need to disconnect or withdraw to preserve motivation and empathy for the work. They received significant support from their team, and teams were very anxious for the well-being of primary clinicians. CONCLUSIONS Health services must find ways of helping staff feel that their sense of vocation is valued and nurtured. These strategies will likely include fostering team cohesiveness and mutual support and allowing opportunities to temporarily step back and recover after challenging experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Keightley
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Service, Mental Health, Justice Health, Drug and Alcohol Service, Canberra Health Services, Garran, ACT, Australia
- Academic Unit of Psychiatry & Addiction Medicine, Canberra Hospital, Australian National University (ANU) School of Medicine and Psychology, Garran, ACT, Australia
| | - T Foster
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Service, Mental Health, Justice Health, Drug and Alcohol Service, Canberra Health Services, Garran, ACT, Australia
| | - K Eggins
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Service, Mental Health, Justice Health, Drug and Alcohol Service, Canberra Health Services, Garran, ACT, Australia
| | - R E Reay
- Academic Unit of Psychiatry & Addiction Medicine, Canberra Hospital, Australian National University (ANU) School of Medicine and Psychology, Garran, ACT, Australia
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Fleischl W, Li R, Valsenti G, Foster T, Stringer MD. Duodenal pancreatic heterotopia causing acute pancreatitis with gastric outlet obstruction. ANZ J Surg 2022; 92:3078-3079. [PMID: 35178854 PMCID: PMC9790530 DOI: 10.1111/ans.17544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- William Fleischl
- Department of Paediatric SurgeryWellington HospitalWellingtonNew Zealand
| | - Ray Li
- Department of RadiologyWellington HospitalWellingtonNew Zealand
| | | | - Tim Foster
- Department of PaediatricsHawke's Bay HospitalHastingsNew Zealand
| | - Mark D. Stringer
- Department of Paediatric SurgeryWellington HospitalWellingtonNew Zealand,Department of Paediatrics and Child HealthUniversity of OtagoWellingtonNew Zealand
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Ibrahim I, Hossain SM, Seo DH, McDonagh A, Foster T, Shon HK, Tijing L. Insight into the role of polydopamine nanostructures on nickel foam-based photothermal materials for solar water evaporation. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.121054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Liu W, Lad M, Foster T. In vitro digestion of designed emulsions based on milk protein and guar gum systems. Food Funct 2022; 13:6022-6035. [PMID: 35611754 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo00592a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
There is a growing interest in designing novel food microstructures that can control nutrient digestion and provide satiety for tackling obesity. In this study, phase separated microstructures of skimmed milk powder (SMP) and guar gum (GG) were the main focus, and these can be considered as water-in-water (W/W) emulsions. Through the incorporation of oil into these systems, it was possible to form model systems of SMP-GG-OIL, showing the lipid phase within the protein phase within the polysaccharide phase. The in vitro digestibility of such phase separated model systems of SMP-GG-OIL with different microstructures was investigated using a pH stat method. Confocal laser scanning microscopy also revealed structural changes that occurred to the emulsified lipid droplets as they passed through a gastrointestinal (GI) model. The microstructures were created based on the tie-lines on a previously established phase diagram of SMP-GG, and shown to be able to control lipid digestion. For a selected tie-line, the lipolysis follows the order: protein continuous > bi-continuous > polysaccharide continuous system, at a certain level of oil addition. The mechanism involved in the lipolysis of the designed formulations/microstructures was dependent upon the protein, rather than GG, and was driven by the protein concentration. These findings provide insights for potential applications in functional food designing in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Liu
- Division of Food, Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington campus, LE12 5RD, UK.
| | - Mita Lad
- Jubilee Conference Centre, Jubilee Campus, University of Nottingham, NG8 1BB, UK
| | - Tim Foster
- Division of Food, Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington campus, LE12 5RD, UK.
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Albargi H, Mallett S, Berhane S, Booth S, Hawkes C, Perkins GD, Norton M, Foster T, Scholefield B. Bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation for paediatric out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in England: An observational registry cohort study. Resuscitation 2021; 170:17-25. [PMID: 34748765 DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2021.10.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (BCPR) is strongly advocated by resuscitation councils for paediatric out-of-hospital cardiac arrests (OHCAs). However, there are limited reports on rates of BCPR in children and its relationship with return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) or survival outcomes. OBJECTIVE We describe the rate of BCPR and its association with any ROSC and survival- to- hospital-discharge. METHODS We conducted retrospective analysis of prospectively collected paediatric (<18 years of age) OHCA cases in England; we included specialist registry patients treated by emergency medical services (EMS) with known BCPR status and outcome between January 2014 and November 2018. Data included patient demographics, aetiology, witness status, initial rhythm, EMS, season, time of day and bystander status. Associations between BCPR, and any ROSC and survival-to-hospital-discharge outcomes were explored using multivariable logistic regression. RESULTS There were 2363 paediatric OHCAs treated across 11 EMS regions. BCPR was performed in 69.6% (1646/2363) of the cases overall (range 57.7% (206/367) to 83.7% (139/166) across EMS regions). Only 34.9% (550/1572) of BCPR cases were witnessed. Overall, any ROSC was achieved in 22.8% (523/2289) and survival to hospital discharge in 10.8% (225/2066). Adjusted odds ratio (aOR) for any ROSC was significantly improved following BCPR compared to no BCPR (aOR 1.37, 95% CI 1.03-1.81), but adjusted odds ratio for survival-to-hospital-discharge were similar (aOR 1.01, 95% CI 0.66-1.55). CONCLUSIONS BCPR was associated with improved rates of any ROSC but not survival-to-hospital-discharge. Variations in EMS BCPR rates may indicate opportunities for regional targeted increase in public BCPR education.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Albargi
- Birmingham Acute Care Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; Emergency Medical Services Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Science, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - S Mallett
- UCL Centre for Medical, University College London, London W1W 7TY, UK
| | - S Berhane
- NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust and University of Birmingham, UK; Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, UK
| | - S Booth
- Clinical Trials Unit, University of Warwick Medical School, Coventry, UK
| | - C Hawkes
- Clinical Trials Unit, University of Warwick Medical School, Coventry, UK
| | - G D Perkins
- Clinical Trials Unit, University of Warwick Medical School, Coventry, UK; Department of Critical Care Medicine, Heartlands Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham, B9 5SS, UK
| | - M Norton
- North East Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Bernicia House, Newburn Riverside, Newcastle upon Tyne NE15 8NY, UK; School of Medicine, University of Sunderland, Chester Road, Sunderland SR1 3SD, UK
| | - T Foster
- East of England Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Whiting Way, Melbourn, Cambs SG8 6EN, UK
| | - B Scholefield
- Birmingham Acute Care Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; Paediatric Intensive Care Unit, Birmingham Women's and Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham B4 6NH, UK.
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Liu P, Amin N, Miah R, Foster T, Raj S, Corpuz MJB, Rahman M, Willetts J, Moe CL. A method for correcting underestimation of enteric pathogen genome quantities in environmental samples. J Microbiol Methods 2021; 189:106320. [PMID: 34478762 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2021.106320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to enteric pathogens in the environment poses a serious risk for infection and disease. The accurate detection and quantification of enteric pathogens in environmental samples is critical for understanding pathogen transport and fate and developing risk assessment models. In this study, we successfully applied TaqMan real-time PCR assays to quantitatively detect five human-specific pathogens (Shigella/EIEC, Salmonella Typhi, Vibrio cholera, Norovirus, and Giardia) in samples from open drains, canals, floodwater, septic tanks, and anaerobic baffled reactors (ABR) collected in Mirpur, Dhaka, Bangladesh from April to October 2019. Overall, the grab and sediment samples showed low inhibition but the ultrafiltration samples collected from open drain had significantly higher (P = 0.0049) degree of PCR inhibition (median Ct = 31.06) compared to the extraction controls (Ct = 28.54). We developed a two-step method to adjust underestimation of pathogen quantities due to PCR inhibition and non-optimum PCR efficiency. Compared to other sample types, ultrafiltration samples demonstrated a wide range of concentration increase (1.0%-182.5%) by pathogens after adjusting for PCR inhibition and non-optimum efficiencies. These quantitative qPCR assays are successful in quantifying multiple enteric pathogens in environmental samples, and the adjustment method would be useful for correcting underestimates of pathogen quantities due to partial PCR inhibition and non-optimum efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengbo Liu
- Center for Global Safe Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA..
| | - Nuhu Amin
- Infectious Disease Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh..
| | - Rana Miah
- Infectious Disease Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh..
| | - Tim Foster
- Institute for Sustainable Futures, University of Technology Sydney, Australia..
| | - Suraja Raj
- Center for Global Safe Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA..
| | - Maria Julia Bianca Corpuz
- Center for Global Safe Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA..
| | - Mahbubur Rahman
- Infectious Disease Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh..
| | - Juliet Willetts
- Institute for Sustainable Futures, University of Technology Sydney, Australia..
| | - Christine L Moe
- Center for Global Safe Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA..
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Genter F, Willetts J, Foster T. Faecal contamination of groundwater self-supply in low- and middle income countries: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Water Res 2021; 201:117350. [PMID: 34198198 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Self-supply is a ubiquitous response by households to the public water supply inadequacies found worldwide. Self-supply is invested in and managed by an individual household, accessible on-premises and unregulated. Vulnerability to faecal contamination is a concern due to reliance on low-cost technologies and shallow groundwater. This review aims to evaluate the evidence base on the safety of groundwater self-supply in low- and middle income countries in relation to faecal contamination. Differences in microbial water quality between source types, settings, countries and ownership were investigated. A search of peer-reviewed studies in low- and middle income countries was conducted in online databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, ProQuest and Environmental Complete. Studies were included if they had sufficient detail about the water samples to be related to groundwater self-supply, contained extractable data on faecal indicator bacteria (FIB) including thermotolerant coliform or Escherichia coli and were published in English between 1990 and April 2020. A total of 30 studies were included, resulting in 100 datasets and 26,981 water samples across the studies. FIB were present in 36% self-supply samples. The odds of FIB being detected was significantly higher for unimproved sources (OR=8.19, 95% CI [4.04-16.59], p<0.001) and for sources in low income countries (OR=3.85, 95% CI [1.85-7.69], p<0.001). Self-supply was significantly more likely to be contaminated than piped supply (OR=3.45, 95% CI [1.52-7.82], p=0.003). However, water quality was highly heterogeneous (I2=90.9%). Egger's test found no evidence of small study publication bias for self-supply compared to public supply. No evidence of bias due to lack of randomization or season was found, but study design and quality could potentially bias the results. To achieve Sustainable Development Goal 6.1 on safe drinking water for all, more attention is needed from governments to engage with self-supply and formulate balanced policy responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Genter
- Institute for Sustainable Futures, University of Technology Sydney, 15 Broadway, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia.
| | - Juliet Willetts
- Institute for Sustainable Futures, University of Technology Sydney, 15 Broadway, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia.
| | - Tim Foster
- Institute for Sustainable Futures, University of Technology Sydney, 15 Broadway, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia.
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Foster T, Hall NL. Housing conditions and health in Indigenous Australian communities: current status and recent trends. Int J Environ Health Res 2021; 31:325-343. [PMID: 33615929 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2019.1657074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Ensuring sufficient and adequately maintained housing in Indigenous Australian communities remains an ongoing policy challenge for government, with major implications for the health of Indigenous Australians. This study sought to characterise the current status of housing conditions experienced by Indigenous Australians, with special reference to the Northern Territory. The assessment examined a range of indicators relating to crowding, dwelling condition, 'health hardware', and provision of maintenance and repairs. While acknowledging data deficiencies and inconsistencies, the analysis produced mixed results. There was evidence of a reduction in crowding but little observable improvement in the provision of maintenance and repairs. Some housing-related health outcomes have shown improvement, though these have tended to coincide with mass treatment campaigns. Achieving the goal of healthy homes - and ultimately closing the gap on Indigenous disadvantage - requires further investment in new houses that are appropriately designed and constructed, alongside an increased emphasis on cyclical maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Foster
- Institute for Sustainable Futures, University of Technology Sydney , Sydney, Australia
| | - Nina L Hall
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland , Brisbane, Australia
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Su K, Festring D, Ayed C, Yang Q, Sturrock CJ, Linforth R, Foster T, Fisk I. Reducing sugar and aroma in a confectionery gel without compromising flavour through addition of air inclusions. Food Chem 2021; 354:129579. [PMID: 33773479 PMCID: PMC8091041 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Slight aeration of confectionery gels does not impact chewiness perception. Air as a low calorie inclusion in gels enhances sweetness perception over time. Reduction of aroma, sugar and calories in gels without affecting flavour perception. X-ray computed tomography to measure bubble size and distribution.
Sugar plays an important role in both the flavour and structure of confectionery. Targets have been set to reduce sugar; however, common strategies often result in changes in flavour and consumer rejection. In this study, an approach was developed to reduce sugar in confectionery gels by aeration, without significantly affecting perceived chewiness. Gelatine based gels with a 23% and 38% reduction in density were formulated using aeration. Mean bubble size was consistent across all gels (0.05–0.06 mm). Time-intensity sensory evaluation was carried out by a trained sensory panel (n = 10). With aeration, no significant difference in overall flavour perception was observed in the 23% and 38% reduced sugar and aroma gels. Air inclusions create a greater surface area, therefore accelerating mass transfer of volatiles and release of sucrose at the food-saliva interface. Consequently, we propose that less calorie dense products can be produced without compromising flavour by using gel aeration technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katy Su
- The University of Nottingham, Division of Food, Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Biosciences, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Daniel Festring
- Nestlé Product Technology Centre Confectionery,P.O. Box 204, Haxby Road, York YO91 1XY, UK
| | - Charfedinne Ayed
- The University of Nottingham, Division of Food, Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Biosciences, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Qian Yang
- The University of Nottingham, Division of Food, Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Biosciences, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Craig J Sturrock
- The University of Nottingham, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Robert Linforth
- The University of Nottingham, Division of Food, Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Biosciences, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Tim Foster
- The University of Nottingham, Division of Food, Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Biosciences, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Ian Fisk
- The University of Nottingham, Division of Food, Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Biosciences, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK; The University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
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Abstract
Microstructure design of protein-polysaccharide phase separated gels has been suggested as a strategy to nutritionally improve food products. Varying the phase volumes of a phase separated matrix may affect texture and overall flavour balance of the final product, which are both important for consumer acceptance. The aims of this study were to investigate how modifying the phase volumes of a gelatine-starch biphasic mixture affected aroma release, and how addition of sucrose affects phase separation, flavour distribution and aroma release. Biphasic gels of different microstructures with the same effective concentration of gelatine and starch in each phase were developed. Microstructure significantly affected aroma release in vitro but not in vivo when panellists (n = 5) chewed and swallowed the sample. Addition of sucrose (0-60%) to the biphasic mixture significantly reduced water activity, affected the microstructure and affected aroma distribution in each phase and subsequent release rates depending on the physicochemical properties of the aroma volatile. In general, affinity for the gelatine phase for the less hydrophobic, more volatile compounds was not significantly affected by sucrose concentration. Whereas an increased affinity for the starch phase for the more hydrophobic, less volatile compounds was observed with increased sucrose as the starch phase becomes more dispersed at sucrose concentrations between 40 and 60%. The results of this study may be of interest to researchers and industry to enable prediction of how reformulation, such as reduction of sucrose, to meet nutritional guidelines may affect the overall aroma balance of a phase separated food matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katy Su
- The University of Nottingham, Division of Food, Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Biosciences, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Marine Brunet
- VetAgro Sup, Campus Agronomique, Lempdes, 63370, France
| | - Daniel Festring
- Nestlé Product Technology Centre Confectionery, P.O. Box 204, Haxby Road, York, YO91 1XY, UK
| | - Charfedinne Ayed
- The University of Nottingham, Division of Food, Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Biosciences, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Tim Foster
- The University of Nottingham, Division of Food, Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Biosciences, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Ian Fisk
- The University of Nottingham, Division of Food, Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Biosciences, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, LE12 5RD, UK
- Corresponding author.
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Foster T, Falletta J, Amin N, Rahman M, Liu P, Raj S, Mills F, Petterson S, Norman G, Moe C, Willetts J. Modelling faecal pathogen flows and health risks in urban Bangladesh: Implications for sanitation decision making. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2021; 233:113669. [PMID: 33578186 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2020.113669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Faecal-oral infections are a major component of the disease burden in low-income contexts, with inadequate sanitation seen as a contributing factor. However, demonstrating health effects of sanitation interventions - particularly in urban areas - has proved challenging and there is limited empirical evidence to support sanitation decisions that maximise health gains. This study aimed to develop, apply and validate a systems modelling approach to inform sanitation infrastructure and service decision-making in urban environments by examining enteric pathogen inputs, transport and reduction by various sanitation systems, and estimating corresponding exposure and public health impacts. The health effects of eight sanitation options were assessed in a low-income area in Dhaka, Bangladesh, with a focus on five target pathogens (Shigella, Vibrio cholerae, Salmonella Typhi, norovirus GII and Giardia). Relative to the sanitation base case in the study site (24% septic tanks, 5% holding tanks and 71% toilets discharging directly to open drains), comprehensive coverage of septic tanks was estimated to reduce the disease burden in disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) by 48-72%, while complete coverage of communal scale anaerobic baffled reactors was estimated to reduce DALYs by 67-81%. Despite these improvements, a concerning health risk persists with these systems as a result of effluent discharge to open drains, particularly when the systems are poorly managed. Other sanitation options, including use of constructed wetlands and small bore sewerage, demonstrated further reductions in local health risk, though several still exported pathogens into neighbouring areas, simply transferring risk to downstream communities. The study revealed sensitivity to and a requirement for further evidence on log reduction values for different sanitation systems under varying performance conditions, pathogen flows under flooding conditions as well as pathogen shedding and human exposure in typical low-income urban settings. Notwithstanding variability and uncertainties in input parameters, systems modelling can be a feasible and customisable approach to consider the relative health impact of different sanitation options across various contexts, and stands as a valuable tool to guide urban sanitation decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Foster
- Institute for Sustainable Futures, University of Technology Sydney, 235 Jones St, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia.
| | - Jay Falletta
- Institute for Sustainable Futures, University of Technology Sydney, 235 Jones St, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia.
| | - Nuhu Amin
- Environmental Interventions Unit, Infectious Disease Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh.
| | - Mahbubur Rahman
- Environmental Interventions Unit, Infectious Disease Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh.
| | - Pengbo Liu
- Center for Global Safe Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Suraja Raj
- Center for Global Safe Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Freya Mills
- Institute for Sustainable Futures, University of Technology Sydney, 235 Jones St, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia.
| | - Susan Petterson
- Water & Health Pty Ltd., 13 Lord St, North Sydney, NSW, 2060, Australia; School of Medicine, Griffith University, Parklands Drive, Southport, QLD, 4222, Australia.
| | - Guy Norman
- Water and Sanitation for the Urban Poor, 10 Queen Street Place, London, EC4R 1BE, UK.
| | - Christine Moe
- Center for Global Safe Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Juliet Willetts
- Institute for Sustainable Futures, University of Technology Sydney, 235 Jones St, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia.
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Chen Y, MacNaughtan W, Jones P, Yang Q, Williams H, Foster T. Selection of potential molecular markers for cheese ripening and quality prediction by NMR spectroscopy. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2020.110306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Bakalis S, Valdramidis VP, Argyropoulos D, Ahrne L, Chen J, Cullen P, Cummins E, Datta AK, Emmanouilidis C, Foster T, Fryer PJ, Gouseti O, Hospido A, Knoerzer K, LeBail A, Marangoni AG, Rao P, Schlüter OK, Taoukis P, Xanthakis E, Van Impe JF. Perspectives from CO+RE: How COVID-19 changed our food systems and food security paradigms. Curr Res Food Sci 2020; 3:166-172. [PMID: 32908972 PMCID: PMC7265867 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2020.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Image 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serafim Bakalis
- University of Nottingham, Future Foods Beacon of Ecxellence and the Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Nottingham, UK
- University of Birmingham, Centre for Formulation Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Birmingham, UK
| | - Vasilis P. Valdramidis
- University of Malta, Department of Food Sciences and Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, Msida, Malta
| | | | - Lilia Ahrne
- University of Copenhagen, Department of Food Science, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jianshe Chen
- Zhejiang Gongshang University, School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - P.J. Cullen
- The University of Sydney, School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sydney, Australia
| | - Enda Cummins
- University College Dublin, School of Biosystems and Food Engineering, Dublin , Ireland
| | - Ashim K. Datta
- Cornell University, Biological & Environmental Engineering, Ithaca, USA
| | | | - Tim Foster
- University of Nottingham, School of Biosciences, Nottingham, UK
| | - Peter J. Fryer
- University of Birmingham, Centre for Formulation Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Birmingham, UK
| | - Ourania Gouseti
- University of Nottingham, Future Foods Beacon of Ecxellence and the Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Nottingham, UK
| | - Almudena Hospido
- University of Santiago de Compostela, CRETUS Institute, Department of Chemical Engineering, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Kai Knoerzer
- Agriculture and Food, CSIRO, Werribee, Australia
| | | | | | - Pingfan Rao
- Zhejiang Gongshang University, School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Oliver K. Schlüter
- Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy (ATB), Quality and Safety of Food and Feed, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Petros Taoukis
- National Technical University of Athens, School of Chemical Engineering, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Jan F.M. Van Impe
- Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Department of Chemical Engineering, BioTeC - Chemical & Biochemical Process Technology & Control, Gent, Belgium
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16
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Gorochowski TE, Hauert S, Kreft JU, Marucci L, Stillman NR, Tang TYD, Bandiera L, Bartoli V, Dixon DOR, Fedorec AJH, Fellermann H, Fletcher AG, Foster T, Giuggioli L, Matyjaszkiewicz A, McCormick S, Montes Olivas S, Naylor J, Rubio Denniss A, Ward D. Toward Engineering Biosystems With Emergent Collective Functions. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:705. [PMID: 32671054 PMCID: PMC7332988 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Many complex behaviors in biological systems emerge from large populations of interacting molecules or cells, generating functions that go beyond the capabilities of the individual parts. Such collective phenomena are of great interest to bioengineers due to their robustness and scalability. However, engineering emergent collective functions is difficult because they arise as a consequence of complex multi-level feedback, which often spans many length-scales. Here, we present a perspective on how some of these challenges could be overcome by using multi-agent modeling as a design framework within synthetic biology. Using case studies covering the construction of synthetic ecologies to biological computation and synthetic cellularity, we show how multi-agent modeling can capture the core features of complex multi-scale systems and provide novel insights into the underlying mechanisms which guide emergent functionalities across scales. The ability to unravel design rules underpinning these behaviors offers a means to take synthetic biology beyond single molecules or cells and toward the creation of systems with functions that can only emerge from collectives at multiple scales.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sabine Hauert
- Department of Engineering Mathematics, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Jan-Ulrich Kreft
- School of Biosciences and Institute of Microbiology and Infection and Centre for Computational Biology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Lucia Marucci
- Department of Engineering Mathematics, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Namid R. Stillman
- Department of Engineering Mathematics, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - T.-Y. Dora Tang
- Max Plank Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
- Physics of Life, Cluster of Excellence, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Lucia Bandiera
- School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Vittorio Bartoli
- Department of Engineering Mathematics, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | | | - Alex J. H. Fedorec
- Division of Biosciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Harold Fellermann
- School of Computing, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander G. Fletcher
- Bateson Centre and School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Tim Foster
- School of Biosciences and Institute of Microbiology and Infection and Centre for Computational Biology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Luca Giuggioli
- Department of Engineering Mathematics, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | | | - Scott McCormick
- Department of Engineering Mathematics, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Sandra Montes Olivas
- Department of Engineering Mathematics, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Naylor
- School of Computing, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Ana Rubio Denniss
- Department of Engineering Mathematics, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Ward
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
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De Chirico S, di Bari V, Romero Guzmán MJ, Nikiforidis CV, Foster T, Gray D. Assessment of rapeseed oil body (oleosome) lipolytic activity as an effective predictor of emulsion purity and stability. Food Chem 2020; 316:126355. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.126355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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18
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Chen Y, MacNaughtan W, Jones P, Yang Q, Foster T. The state of water and fat during the maturation of Cheddar cheese. Food Chem 2020; 303:125390. [PMID: 31450177 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Cheddar cheese predicted to develop into different quality classes has been evaluated by time domain Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Thermogravimetric analysis and quantitative sensory analysis. The water and fat proton signals in the transverse relaxation decay curves have been deconvoluted. Proton transverse relaxation values for both the water and fat fractions decrease and the relative %age of the proton peak area, predominantly from the fat increases over a 450-day ripening period. The thermodynamic free water percentage increases during maturation. Water and fat attributes can distinguish between Cheddar cheese batches after 56 days. Cheese batches which have lower transverse relaxation values for the water and fat proton fractions and a higher relative %age of the proton peak area predominantly from fat at 56 days, mature after 270 days to be more yellow, rubbery and smooth, have a less sour and lingering aftertaste and are also harder to form into a cheese ball.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyi Chen
- Division of Food Sciences, The University of Nottingham, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK.
| | - William MacNaughtan
- Division of Food Sciences, The University of Nottingham, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK.
| | - Paul Jones
- South Caernarfon Creameries Ltd, Pwllheli LL53 6SB, UK.
| | - Qian Yang
- Division of Food Sciences, The University of Nottingham, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK.
| | - Tim Foster
- Division of Food Sciences, The University of Nottingham, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK.
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19
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Yang Q, Shen Y, Foster T, Hort J. Measuring consumer emotional response and acceptance to sustainable food products. Food Res Int 2020; 131:108992. [PMID: 32247500 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.108992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
With current global challenges such as population growth, climate change and water scarcity, it is critical to develop sustainable strategies to achieve food security. One way to tackle this is by developing new products that use alternative and more sustainable ingredients. Bambara groundnut is a low-impact African legume as it can be grown on marginal soils and is resistant to high temperatures. The aim of this study was to investigate UK consumer acceptability and emotional response to snack products containing Bambara groundnut flour as an alternative sustainable ingredient. A key objective was to understand the contribution that measuring emotional response would reveal. Additionally the impact of extrinsic information on consumer acceptability and emotional response to snack products was investigated by sharing information concerning Bambara groundnut's sustainability and nutritional credentials. 100 UK participants were recruited to evaluate two biscotti and two cracker products. For each category a standard product made from standard ingredients sourced commercially, and one made replacing some of standard flour with Bambara flour were obtained. For each sample, participants were asked to rate their overall liking and emotional response based on sensory properties of the product (the blind condition). Participants were invited back for a second session, where they were informed about global resource challenges, and the sustainable features and nutritional value of Bambara, and which products contained this as an ingredient (informed condition). Under the blind condition, no significant differences in overall liking were observed between standard and Bambara products, indicating UK consumers accept the sensory properties of products that contain Bambara flour. Interestingly, the extrinsic information shifted consumer emotional response towards more positive emotions and less negative emotions when consuming products containing Bambara flour. It also made them felt less guilty when consuming the Bambara products, suggesting consumers engage with the idea of sustainable ingredients, and that this sustainable ingredient has potential for future new product development. It also highlighted the value of measuring emotional response for novel products to understand what may drive purchase behaviour when products are matched for liking. Food neophobia status did not impact product acceptability and emotional response between Bambara and standard products, however overall a lower emotional response was found for medium neophobic consumers in general who are more likely to evade novel products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Yang
- Division of Food, Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, LE12 5RD, United Kingdom.
| | - Yuchi Shen
- Division of Food, Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, LE12 5RD, United Kingdom
| | - Tim Foster
- Division of Food, Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, LE12 5RD, United Kingdom
| | - Joanne Hort
- Division of Food, Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, LE12 5RD, United Kingdom; Food Experience and Sensory Testing (Feast) Lab, Massey University, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand; Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand
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20
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Gangar V, Curiale MS, D’Onorio A, Schultz A, Johnson RL, Atrache V, Agin J, Allen M, Armstrong T, Chaney T, Chang P, Chavey C, Clark T, Clover J, Cook P, Copeland F, Courtney T, Davis B, D’Onorio A, Downs D, Fender M, Foster T, Fox W, Hagen H, Hall C, High E, Kalik M, Kallstrom C, Keith M, Kruegel W, Lee J, Lewus C, Light D, Lindgren S, Mills J, Minor J, Murphy M, Muzzy T, Raghubeer E, Robbins R, Salinitro A, Saunders L, Sayer T, Schultz A, Sumpter R, Traux T, Vought K, Witt J, Yonker D. VIDAS® Enzyme-Linked Immunofluorescent Assay for Detection of Listeria in Foods: Collaborative Study. J AOAC Int 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/jaoac/83.4.903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The VIDAS LIS method and the traditional culture methods for detection of Listeria species in food were evaluated in a multilaboratory comparative study. The 6 foods tested were either naturally contaminated or inoculated with 3 different concentrations of Listeria. Results for each food and each contamination level with the VIDAS LIS method were as good as or better than those obtained with the traditional culture method. Of 1558 samples tested, 935 were positive: 839 by the VIDAS method and 809 by standard culture methods. Overall false negative rates were 10.3 and 13.5% for the VIDAS LIS and culture methods, respectively. The false positive rate for the VIDAS LIS assay was 1.4% based on 9 VIDAS LIS positive assays that did not confirm positive by isolation of Listeria. The agreement between the VIDAS LIS and culture methods for all samples tested was 86%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidhya Gangar
- Silliker Laboratories Group, Inc., Corporate Research Center, 160 Armory Dr, South Holland, IL 60473
| | - Michael S Curiale
- Silliker Laboratories Group, Inc., Corporate Research Center, 160 Armory Dr, South Holland, IL 60473
| | - Armando D’Onorio
- Silliker Laboratories Group, Inc., Corporate Research Center, 160 Armory Dr, South Holland, IL 60473
| | - Ann Schultz
- Silliker Laboratories Group, Inc., Corporate Research Center, 160 Armory Dr, South Holland, IL 60473
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Berz D, Spira A, Gadgeel S, Anderson I, Goldman J, Thompson J, Foster T, Pritchett Y, Cisneros C, Li C, Sorrentino J, Malik R, Beelen A. Lerociclib (G1T38), an oral CDK4/6 inhibitor, dosed continuously in combination with osimertinib for EGFRmut non-small cell lung cancer: Initial phase Ib results. Ann Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz260.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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22
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Foster T, Willetts J, Kotra KK. Faecal contamination of groundwater in rural Vanuatu: prevalence and predictors. J Water Health 2019; 17:737-748. [PMID: 31638025 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2019.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Groundwater is an important source of water for coastal communities in Pacific Island Countries. This study assessed the prevalence and predictors of faecal contamination in groundwater sources across 11 islands in Vanuatu. Escherichia coli was detected in 49% of sources and E. coli concentration exceeded 10 MPN (most probable number)/100 mL for 23% of sources. When adjusting for other variables, the detection of E. coli was significantly associated with severe pump stand corrosion, suggestive of contaminated run-off directly entering boreholes. E. coli concentration >10 MPN/100 mL was also significantly associated with: (i) hand-dug wells (as compared to drilled boreholes); (ii) severe pump stand corrosion; (iii) water points underlain by volcanic rocks (as compared to coral limestone); and (iv) rainfall in the previous 24 h. Encasing pump stands in concrete - as some communities had done - was found to have a significant protective effect. While baseline statistics for Sustainable Development Goal target 6.1 suggest that 87% of Vanuatu's rural population have access to at least a basic (improved) water source, the results from this study point to extensive microbial water quality concerns linked to degraded water supply infrastructure in need of rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Foster
- Institute for Sustainable Futures, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia E-mail:
| | - Juliet Willetts
- Institute for Sustainable Futures, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia E-mail:
| | - Krishna Kumar Kotra
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Technology and Environment, The University of the South Pacific, Emalus Campus, Port Vila, Vanuatu
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Arensman E, Larkin C, McCarthy J, Leitao S, Corcoran P, Williamson E, McAuliffe C, Perry IJ, Griffin E, Cassidy EM, Bradley C, Kapur N, Kinahan J, Cleary A, Foster T, Gallagher J, Malone K, Ramos Costa AP, Greiner BA. Psychosocial, psychiatric and work-related risk factors associated with suicide in Ireland: optimised methodological approach of a case-control psychological autopsy study. BMC Psychiatry 2019; 19:275. [PMID: 31492119 PMCID: PMC6728991 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-019-2249-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicide has profound effects on families and communities, but is a statistically rare event. Psychological autopsies using a case-control design allow researchers to examine risk factors for suicide, using a variety of sources to detail the psychological and social characteristics of decedents and to compare them to controls. The Suicide Support and Information System Case Control study (SSIS-ACE) aimed to compare psychosocial, psychiatric and work-related risk factors across three groups of subjects: suicide decedents, patients presenting to hospital with a high-risk self-harm episode, and general practice controls. METHODS The study design includes two inter-related studies; one main case-control study: comparing suicide cases to general practice (GP) controls, and one comparative study: comparing suicide cases to patients presenting with high-risk self-harm. Consecutive cases of suicide and probable suicide are identified through coroners' registration of deaths in the defined region (Cork City and County, Ireland) and are frequency-matched for age group and gender with GP patient controls recruited from the same GP practice as the deceased. Data sources for suicide cases include coroners' records, interviews with health care professionals and proxy informants; data sources for GP controls and for high-risk self-harm controls include interviews with control, with proxy informants and with health care professionals. Interviews are semi-structured and consist of quantitative and qualitative parts. The quantitative parts include a range of validated questionnaires addressing psychiatric, psychosocial and occupational factors. The study adopts several methodological innovations, including accessing multiple data sources for suicide cases and controls simultaneously, recruiting proxy informants to examine consistency across sources. CONCLUSIONS The study allows for the investigation of consistency across different data sources and contributes to the methodological advancement of psychological autopsy research. The study will also inform clinical and public health practice. The comparison between suicide cases and controls will allow investigation of risk and protective factors for suicide more generally, while the comparison with high-risk self-harm patients will help to identify the factors associated specifically with a fatal outcome to a self-harm episode. A further enhancement is the particular focus on specific work-related risk factors for suicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Arensman
- 0000000123318773grid.7872.aNational Suicide Research Foundation and School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health, University College Cork, Western Gateway Building, Cork, Ireland
| | - C. Larkin
- 0000 0001 0742 0364grid.168645.8Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, 01655 USA
| | | | - S. Leitao
- 0000 0004 0617 6269grid.411916.aSchool of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health and National Perinatal Epidemiology Centre, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Cork University Hospital Maternity Hospital, Wilton, Cork, Ireland
| | - P. Corcoran
- 0000000123318773grid.7872.aNational Suicide Research Foundation and School of Public Health, University College Cork, Western Gateway Building, Cork, Ireland
| | - E. Williamson
- 0000000123318773grid.7872.aNational Suicide Research Foundation, University College Cork, Western Gateway Building, Cork, Ireland
| | - C. McAuliffe
- St. Patrick’s Mental Health Services, Cork, Ireland
| | - I. J. Perry
- 0000000123318773grid.7872.aSchool of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health, University College Cork, Western Gateway Building, Cork, Ireland
| | - E. Griffin
- 0000000123318773grid.7872.aNational Suicide Research Foundation, University College Cork, Western Gateway Building, Cork, Ireland
| | - E. M. Cassidy
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Liaison Psychiatry Service, Cork University Hospital, Cork, Ireland
| | - C. Bradley
- 0000000123318773grid.7872.aDepartment of General Practice, University College Cork, Western Gateway Building, Cork, Ireland
| | - N. Kapur
- 0000 0004 0430 6955grid.450837.dCentre for Mental Health and Safety, University of Manchester and Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - J. Kinahan
- 0000 0004 0575 9497grid.411785.eNorth Lee Psychiatric Services, Mercy University Hospital, Cork, Ireland
| | - A. Cleary
- 0000 0001 0768 2743grid.7886.1Geary Institute for Public Policy, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - T. Foster
- Consultant Psychiatrist, Omagh and Fermanagh, Northern Ireland
| | - J. Gallagher
- 0000000123318773grid.7872.aSchool of Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - K. Malone
- 0000 0001 0768 2743grid.7886.1School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - A. P. Ramos Costa
- 0000000123318773grid.7872.aSchool of Public Health and National Suicide Research Foundation, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - B. A. Greiner
- 0000000123318773grid.7872.aSchool of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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Ibbett R, White R, Tucker G, Foster T. Hydro-mechanical processing of brewer's spent grain as a novel route for separation of protein products with differentiated techno-functional properties. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2019.102184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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25
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Wang M, Foster T, Baran T, Butani D, Xue J. Abstract No. 571 Effective dose comparison between computed tomography– versus fluoroscopy-guided bone marrow biopsies. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2018.12.652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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26
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Foster T, Willetts J. Multiple water source use in rural Vanuatu: are households choosing the safest option for drinking? Int J Environ Health Res 2018; 28:579-589. [PMID: 30079752 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2018.1491953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Households in low- and middle-income countries commonly make use of multiple water sources. However, it remains unclear to what extent their drinking water choices are optimal from a health perspective. This matched cohort study across 10 islands in Vanuatu examined communities with both a groundwater and rainwater source to determine whether their preferred drinking option was the safest in microbial terms. In communities that preferred to drink rainwater, 56.5% of rainwater sources had 'high-risk' or 'very high risk' Escherichia coli contamination (> 10 MPN/100 mL) compared with 26.1% of groundwater sources (p = 0.092). Moreover, a preference for drinking rainwater was significantly associated with rainwater sources having 'high-risk' or 'very high risk' levels of E. coli contamination (p = 0.045). Results show that communities do not necessarily choose the safest water source for drinking. Findings also highlight the need to bolster local capacity to manage water quality risks and for Sustainable Development Goal monitoring to distinguish between protected and unprotected rainwater tanks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Foster
- a Institute for Sustainable Futures , University of Technology Sydney , Ultimo , Australia
| | - Juliet Willetts
- a Institute for Sustainable Futures , University of Technology Sydney , Ultimo , Australia
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Berry MJ, Foster T, Rowe K, Robertson O, Robson B, Pierse N. Gestational Age, Health, and Educational Outcomes in Adolescents. Pediatrics 2018; 142:peds.2018-1016. [PMID: 30381471 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2018-1016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES As outcomes for extremely premature infants improve, up-to-date, large-scale studies are needed to provide accurate, contemporary information for clinicians, families, and policy makers. We used nationwide New Zealand data to explore the impact of gestational age on health and educational outcomes through to adolescence. METHODS We performed a retrospective cohort study of all births in New Zealand appearing in 2 independent national data sets at 23 weeks' gestation or more. We report on 2 separate cohorts: cohort 1, born January 1, 2005 to December 31, 2015 (613 521 individuals), used to study survival and midterm health and educational outcomes; and cohort 2, born January 1, 1998 to December 31, 2000, and surviving to age 15 years (146 169 individuals), used to study high school educational outcomes. Outcomes described by gestational age include survival, hospitalization rates, national well-being assessment outcomes at age 4 years, rates of special education support needs in primary school, and national high school examination results. RESULTS Ten-year survival increased with gestational age from 66% at 23 to 24 weeks to >99% at term. All outcomes measured were strongly related to gestational age. However, most extremely preterm children did not require special educational support and were able to sit for their national high school examinations. CONCLUSIONS Within a publicly funded health system, high-quality survival is achievable for most infants born at periviable gestations. Outcomes show improvement with gestational ages to term. Outcomes at early-term gestation are poorer than for children born at full term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary J Berry
- Departments of Paediatrics and Child Health and .,Capital and Coast District Health Board, Wellington, New Zealand; and
| | - Tim Foster
- Public Health, University of Otago, Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand.,Hawke's Bay District Health Board, Napier, New Zealand
| | - Kate Rowe
- Capital and Coast District Health Board, Wellington, New Zealand; and
| | - Oliver Robertson
- Public Health, University of Otago, Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Bridget Robson
- Public Health, University of Otago, Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Nevil Pierse
- Public Health, University of Otago, Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
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Holland S, Tuck C, Foster T. Selective recrystallization of cellulose composite powders and microstructure creation through 3D binder jetting. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 200:229-238. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.07.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Stalder JF, Fluhr JW, Foster T, Glatz M, Proksch E. The emerging role of skin microbiome in atopic dermatitis and its clinical implication. J DERMATOL TREAT 2018; 30:357-364. [DOI: 10.1080/09546634.2018.1516030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-François Stalder
- Department of Dermatology, Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Joachim W. Fluhr
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tim Foster
- Department of Microbiology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Martin Glatz
- Allergy Unit, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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Díaz-Calderón P, MacNaughtan B, Hill S, Foster T, Enrione J, Mitchell J. Changes in gelatinisation and pasting properties of various starches (wheat, maize and waxy maize) by the addition of bacterial cellulose fibrils. Food Hydrocoll 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2018.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Foster T, Willetts J, Lane M, Thomson P, Katuva J, Hope R. Risk factors associated with rural water supply failure: A 30-year retrospective study of handpumps on the south coast of Kenya. Sci Total Environ 2018; 626:156-164. [PMID: 29335170 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.12.302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 12/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
An improved understanding of failure risks for water supplies in rural sub-Saharan Africa will be critical to achieving the global goal of safe water for all by 2030. In the absence of longitudinal biophysical and operational data, investigations into water point failure risk factors have to date been limited to cross-sectional research designs. This retrospective cohort study applies survival analysis to identify factors that predict failure risks for handpumps installed on boreholes along the south coast of Kenya from the 1980s. The analysis is based on a unique dataset linking attributes of >300 water points at the time of installation with their operational lifespan over the following decades. Cox proportional hazards and accelerated failure time models suggest water point failure risks are higher and lifespans are shorter when water supplied is more saline, static water level is deeper, and groundwater is pumped from an unconsolidated sand aquifer. The risk of failure also appears to grow as distance to spare part suppliers increases. To bolster the sustainability of rural water services and ensure no community is left behind, post-construction support mechanisms will need to mitigate heterogeneous environmental and geographical challenges. Further studies are needed to better understand the causal pathways that underlie these risk factors in order to inform policies and practices that ensure water services are sustained even where unfavourable conditions prevail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Foster
- Institute for Sustainable Futures, University of Technology Sydney, 235 Jones St, Ultimo 2007, NSW, Australia; School of Geography and the Environment and Smith School of Enterprise and the Environment, Oxford University, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QY, United Kingdom.
| | - Juliet Willetts
- Institute for Sustainable Futures, University of Technology Sydney, 235 Jones St, Ultimo 2007, NSW, Australia
| | - Mike Lane
- Rural Focus Ltd, Box 1011-10400, Nanyuki, Kenya
| | - Patrick Thomson
- School of Geography and the Environment and Smith School of Enterprise and the Environment, Oxford University, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QY, United Kingdom
| | - Jacob Katuva
- School of Geography and the Environment and Smith School of Enterprise and the Environment, Oxford University, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QY, United Kingdom
| | - Rob Hope
- School of Geography and the Environment and Smith School of Enterprise and the Environment, Oxford University, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QY, United Kingdom
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Oliver J, Foster T, Williamson DA, Pierse N, Baker MG. Using preceding hospital admissions to identify children at risk of developing acute rheumatic fever. J Paediatr Child Health 2018; 54:499-505. [PMID: 29168244 DOI: 10.1111/jpc.13786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 09/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS New Zealand (NZ) Māori and Pacific children have high rates of acute rheumatic fever (ARF). Around 150 new cases arise each year. As part of the national ARF prevention programme, funding is available to improve housing. To obtain maximum benefit from interventions, an effective tool is needed for targeting high-risk children. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of using hospitalisations for identifying children at risk of subsequent ARF. METHODS Three potentially avoidable hospitalisation (PAH) groups were investigated, including diseases thought to be influenced by housing. All were developed using expert opinion or systematic reviews. These were: (i) the PAH conditions associated with the housing environment (PAHHE) group; (ii) the Crowding group; and (iii) the Ministry of Health (MoH) group. We analysed NZ public hospital discharge data (2000-2014). The prevalence of ARF among patients hospitalised in each group was calculated to estimate sensitivity and potential effectiveness. The number needed to screen (NNS) to identify one ARF case was estimated as a measure of efficiency. RESULTS Nearly one-third of ARF patients experienced a PAH as children (before developing ARF). Sensitivity for detecting future ARF ranged from <5% (MoH group) to 27% (PAHHE group). NNS ranged from 502.4 (PAHHE) to 707.5 (MoH). CONCLUSIONS Because ARF is relatively rare, observing hospitalisations is not particularly efficient for targeting prevention activities for this condition alone. However, housing interventions are likely to improve multiple outcomes; thus, the hospital setting is still useful for identifying at-risk children who could benefit from such programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Oliver
- Department of Public Health, University of Otago Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Tim Foster
- Department of Public Health, University of Otago Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Deborah A Williamson
- Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nevil Pierse
- Department of Public Health, University of Otago Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Michael G Baker
- Department of Public Health, University of Otago Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
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Oliver J, Foster T, Kvalsvig A, Williamson DA, Baker MG, Pierse N. Risk of rehospitalisation and death for vulnerable New Zealand children. Arch Dis Child 2018; 103:327-334. [PMID: 28735258 DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2017-312671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES There is considerable need to improve the effectiveness of healthcare to reduce morbidity and mortality. Child hospitalisations are influenced by determinants of health, including the home environment. Our aims were: (1) To investigate whether children hospitalised with potentially avoidable conditions thought to be associated with the home have an increased risk of rehospitalisation and death, (2) To investigate whether children hospitalised with particular subgroups of potentially avoidable conditions have an increased risk of rehospitalisation and death, (3) To assess the usefulness of these subgroups for identifying at-risk children. DESIGN We used four existing groups of potentially avoidable conditions developed based on expert opinion: 1. the potentially avoidable hospitalisations (PAH) group, associated with social/environmental conditions, 2. the potentially avoidable hospitalisations attributable (at least in part) to the home environment (PAHHE) group, 3. the crowding group, and 4. the Ministry of Health (MoH) group. We analysed national New Zealand hospital discharge data (2000-2014). Rehospitalisation and death were described using Kaplan-Meier curves. Group effectiveness for identifying at-risk children was assessed using Cox proportional hazard models with children hospitalised for non-PAH conditions as comparison. RESULTS In total, 1425085 hospital admissions occurred, for 683115 unique children. Rehospitalisation was relatively common (71.0%). Death was rare (0.6%). All groups performed moderately well identifying at-risk children. Children with PAH have increased risk of rehospitalisation (adjusted HR (aHR):2.30-3.60) and death (aHR:3.07-10.44). PAH group had highest sensitivity (75.1%). The MoH group has the highest positive predictive value (rehospitalisation: 86.2%, death: 2.5%). CONCLUSIONS Children in the MoH group are very likely to benefit from housing interventions. Rehospitalisation and early mortality are useful assessment measures. Rehospitalisation exerts a considerable burden, and child deaths are catastrophic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tim Foster
- University of Otago Wellington, Wellington
| | | | - Deborah A Williamson
- Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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De Chirico S, di Bari V, Foster T, Gray D. Enhancing the recovery of oilseed rape seed oil bodies (oleosomes) using bicarbonate-based soaking and grinding media. Food Chem 2018; 241:419-426. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/03/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Neville M, Tarrega A, Hewson L, Foster T. Consumer-orientated development of hybrid beef burger and sausage analogues. Food Sci Nutr 2017; 5:852-864. [PMID: 28748073 PMCID: PMC5520872 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hybrid meat analogues, whereby a proportion of meat has been partially replaced by more sustainable protein sources, have been proposed to provide a means for more sustainable diets in the future. Consumer testing was conducted to determine consumer acceptability of different formulations of Hybrid beef burgers and pork sausages in comparison with both meat and meat‐free commercial products. Acceptability data were generated using the 9‐point hedonic scale. Check‐all‐that‐apply (CATA) questioning was used to determine the sensory attributes perceived in each product as well as information on the attributes of consumers’ ideal products. It was identified that Hybrid products were generally well liked among consumers and no significant differences in consumer acceptability (p > .05) were identified between Hybrid and full meat products, whereas meat‐free products were found to be less accepted. However, Hybrid sausages received higher acceptability scores (6.00–6.51) than Hybrid burgers (5.84–5.92) suggesting that format may have a large impact on consumer acceptability of Hybrid products. Correspondence Analysis (CA) indicated that Hybrid products were grouped with meat products in their sensory attributes. Penalty analysis found that a “meaty flavor” was the largest factor driving consumer acceptability in both burgers and sausages. Cluster analysis of consumer acceptability data identified key differences in overall acceptability between different consumer groups (consumers who only eat meat products and consumers who eat both meat and meat‐free products). The Hybrid concept was found to bridge the acceptability gap between meat and meat‐free products; however, further product reformulation is required to optimize consumer acceptability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Neville
- Division of Food Sciences Sutton Bonington Campus University of Nottingham Leicestershire LE12 5RD UK
| | - Amparo Tarrega
- Division of Food Sciences Sutton Bonington Campus University of Nottingham Leicestershire LE12 5RD UK
| | - Louise Hewson
- Division of Food Sciences Sutton Bonington Campus University of Nottingham Leicestershire LE12 5RD UK
| | - Tim Foster
- Division of Food Sciences Sutton Bonington Campus University of Nottingham Leicestershire LE12 5RD UK
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Eldeghaidy S, Marciani L, Hort J, Hollowood T, Singh G, Bush D, Foster T, Taylor AJ, Busch J, Spiller RC, Gowland PA, Francis ST. Prior Consumption of a Fat Meal in Healthy Adults Modulates the Brain's Response to Fat. J Nutr 2016; 146:2187-2198. [PMID: 27655761 PMCID: PMC5086787 DOI: 10.3945/jn.116.234104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The consumption of fat is regulated by reward and homeostatic pathways, but no studies to our knowledge have examined the role of high-fat meal (HFM) intake on subsequent brain activation to oral stimuli. OBJECTIVE We evaluated how prior consumption of an HFM or water load (WL) modulates reward, homeostatic, and taste brain responses to the subsequent delivery of oral fat. METHODS A randomized 2-way crossover design spaced 1 wk apart was used to compare the prior consumption of a 250-mL HFM (520 kcal) [rapeseed oil (440 kcal), emulsifier, sucrose, flavor cocktail] or noncaloric WL on brain activation to the delivery of repeated trials of a flavored no-fat control stimulus (CS) or flavored fat stimulus (FS) in 17 healthy adults (11 men) aged 25 ± 2 y and with a body mass index (in kg/m2) of 22.4 ± 0.8. We tested differences in brain activation to the CS and FS and baseline cerebral blood flow (CBF) after the HFM and WL. We also tested correlations between an individual's plasma cholecystokinin (CCK) concentration after the HFM and blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) activation of brain regions. RESULTS Compared to the WL, consuming the HFM led to decreased anterior insula taste activation in response to both the CS (36.3%; P < 0.05) and FS (26.5%; P < 0.05). The HFM caused reduced amygdala activation (25.1%; P < 0.01) in response to the FS compared to the CS (fat-related satiety). Baseline CBF significantly reduced in taste (insula: 5.7%; P < 0.01), homeostatic (hypothalamus: 9.2%, P < 0.01; thalamus: 5.1%, P < 0.05), and reward areas (striatum: 9.2%; P < 0.01) after the HFM. An individual's plasma CCK concentration correlated negatively with brain activation in taste and oral somatosensory (ρ = -0.39; P < 0.05) and reward areas (ρ = -0.36; P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our results in healthy adults show that an HFM suppresses BOLD activation in taste and reward areas compared to a WL. This understanding will help inform the reformulation of reduced-fat foods that mimic the brain's response to high-fat counterparts and guide future interventions to reduce obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally Eldeghaidy
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy,,Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Luca Marciani
- Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre and National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Unit, Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Joanne Hort
- Flavour Research Group,,Division of Food Sciences
| | | | | | - Debbie Bush
- Division of Surgery, Queen's Medical Centre University Hospital, Nottingham, United Kingdom; and
| | | | | | | | - Robin C Spiller
- Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre and National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Unit, Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Penny A Gowland
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy
| | - Susan T Francis
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy,
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Ratziu V, Harrison SA, Francque S, Bedossa P, Lehert P, Serfaty L, Romero-Gomez M, Boursier J, Abdelmalek M, Caldwell S, Drenth J, Anstee QM, Hum D, Hanf R, Roudot A, Megnien S, Staels B, Sanyal A, Gournay J, Nguyen-Khac E, De Ledinghen V, Larrey D, Tran A, Bourliere M, Maynard-Muet M, Asselah T, Henrion J, Nevens F, Cassiman D, Geerts A, Moreno C, Beuers U, Galle P, Spengler U, Bugianesi E, Craxi A, Angelico M, Fargion S, Voiculescu M, Gheorghe L, Preotescu L, Caballeria J, Andrade R, Crespo J, Callera J, Ala A, Aithal G, Abouda G, Luketic V, Huang M, Gordon S, Pockros P, Poordad F, Shores N, Moehlen M, Bambha K, Clark V, Satapathy S, Parekh S, Reddy R, Sheikh M, Szabo G, Vierling J, Foster T, Umpierrez G, Chang C, Box T, Gallegos-Orozco J. Elafibranor, an Agonist of the Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-α and -δ, Induces Resolution of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis Without Fibrosis Worsening. Gastroenterology 2016; 150:1147-1159.e5. [PMID: 26874076 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2016.01.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 719] [Impact Index Per Article: 89.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Revised: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Elafibranor is an agonist of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-δ. Elafibranor improves insulin sensitivity, glucose homeostasis, and lipid metabolism and reduces inflammation. We assessed the safety and efficacy of elafibranor in an international, randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled trial of patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). METHODS Patients with NASH without cirrhosis were randomly assigned to groups given elafibranor 80 mg (n = 93), elafibranor 120 mg (n = 91), or placebo (n = 92) each day for 52 weeks at sites in Europe and the United States. Clinical and laboratory evaluations were performed every 2 months during this 1-year period. Liver biopsies were then collected and patients were assessed 3 months later. The primary outcome was resolution of NASH without fibrosis worsening, using protocol-defined and modified definitions. Data from the groups given the different doses of elafibranor were compared with those from the placebo group using step-down logistic regression, adjusting for baseline nonalcoholic fatty liver disease activity score. RESULTS In intention-to-treat analysis, there was no significant difference between the elafibranor and placebo groups in the protocol-defined primary outcome. However, NASH resolved without fibrosis worsening in a higher proportion of patients in the 120-mg elafibranor group vs the placebo group (19% vs 12%; odds ratio = 2.31; 95% confidence interval: 1.02-5.24; P = .045), based on a post-hoc analysis for the modified definition. In post-hoc analyses of patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease activity score ≥4 (n = 234), elafibranor 120 mg resolved NASH in larger proportions of patients than placebo based on the protocol definition (20% vs 11%; odds ratio = 3.16; 95% confidence interval: 1.22-8.13; P = .018) and the modified definitions (19% vs 9%; odds ratio = 3.52; 95% confidence interval: 1.32-9.40; P = .013). Patients with NASH resolution after receiving elafibranor 120 mg had reduced liver fibrosis stages compared with those without NASH resolution (mean reduction of 0.65 ± 0.61 in responders for the primary outcome vs an increase of 0.10 ± 0.98 in nonresponders; P < .001). Liver enzymes, lipids, glucose profiles, and markers of systemic inflammation were significantly reduced in the elafibranor 120-mg group vs the placebo group. Elafibranor was well tolerated and did not cause weight gain or cardiac events, but did produce a mild, reversible increase in serum creatinine (effect size vs placebo: increase of 4.31 ± 1.19 μmol/L; P < .001). CONCLUSIONS A post-hoc analysis of data from trial of patients with NASH showed that elafibranor (120 mg/d for 1 year) resolved NASH without fibrosis worsening, based on a modified definition, in the intention-to-treat analysis and in patients with moderate or severe NASH. However, the predefined end point was not met in the intention to treat population. Elafibranor was well tolerated and improved patients' cardiometabolic risk profile. ClinicalTrials.gov number: NCT01694849.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vlad Ratziu
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Hôpital Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, INSERM, UMRS 938, Paris, France.
| | - Stephen A Harrison
- Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology Service, Brooke Army Medical Center, Fort Sam Houston, Texas
| | - Sven Francque
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Antwerp University Hospital, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Pierre Bedossa
- Department of Pathology, Hôpital Beaujon, University Paris-Denis Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Lehert
- Department of Psychiatry, the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Faculty of Economics, University of Louvain UCL, Belgique, Belgium
| | - Lawrence Serfaty
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
| | - Manuel Romero-Gomez
- Unit for the Clinical Management of Digestive Diseases and CIBERehd, Hospital Universitario de Valme, Sevilla
| | - Jérôme Boursier
- Hepatology Department, University Hospital and LUNAM University, Angers, France
| | | | - Steve Caldwell
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Division, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Joost Drenth
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Quentin M Anstee
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Bart Staels
- University of Lille, INSERM UMR1011, Institut Pasteur de Lille, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, Lille, France
| | - Arun Sanyal
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
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Foster T, Bouchard-Fortier A, Olivotto I, Quan ML. Abstract P5-02-07: Effect of multidisciplinary case conferences on physician decision making: Breast diagnostic rounds. Cancer Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs15-p5-02-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Participation in multidisciplinary case conferences (MCCs) continues to be highly variable, in spite of proven benefits. One contention is the lack of perceived utility on patient management.
Purpose: To evaluate the utility of MCCs on physician decision making in benign and malignant breast disease management.
Methods: At the Foothills Medical Centre, diagnostic breast MCCs occur biweekly. Patients with interesting or challenging diagnostic or management issues were discussed by attending surgeons, radiologists, pathologists, nurse coordinators and oncologists. Prior to case discussion, the presenting physician was asked to specify his/her management plan. Their response was recorded and compared to the management plan consensus after the MCC discussion. For each case a clinical summary and question was provided by the presenting physician, followed by a review of diagnostic images and/or pathology. After group discussion, a management consensus was achieved and documented. A management change was defined as a difference compared to the pre-MCC plan or if there was no definite management plan prior to MCC.
Results: From November 5th, 2014 to May 6th, 2015, 52 patients were discussed in 11 MCCs (1 to 8 patients per MCC). No MCCs were cancelled due to insufficient patients. Of these, 23 (44%) had a change in the management plan compared to the pre-MCC intent including 7 cases where there was no clear plan prior to MCC. Among the 23 cases with a management change, 12 (52%) were due to new or clarified information from radiology review, 6 (26%) were due to new or clarified details from pathology review and 5 (22%) changes occurred from both radiology and pathology review. All cases presented resulted in a consensus management recommendation.
Conclusion: The MCCs had a substantial impact on physician decision making. Nearly half of cases presented resulted in a change in clinical recommendation, the majority of which were based on new/clarified diagnostic imaging or pathology information. Presentation of cases at MCCs should be encouraged given their clinical impact on patient care, especially for challenging diagnostic or management issues.
Citation Format: Foster T, Bouchard-Fortier A, Olivotto I, Quan ML. Effect of multidisciplinary case conferences on physician decision making: Breast diagnostic rounds. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Eighth Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2015 Dec 8-12; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-02-07.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Foster
- University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | | | - I Olivotto
- University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - ML Quan
- University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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Sasson T, Gilani S, Brhel D, Mitra S, Foster T, Kashyap R, Wing R, Rubens D, Waldman D. Assisted maturation for dialysis access: are the ends worth the means? A retrospective analysis of our institutional experience. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2014.12.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Makkhun S, Khosla A, Foster T, McClements DJ, Grundy MML, Gray DA. Impact of extraneous proteins on the gastrointestinal fate of sunflower seed (Helianthus annuus) oil bodies: a simulated gastrointestinal tract study. Food Funct 2015; 6:125-34. [PMID: 25284307 DOI: 10.1039/c4fo00422a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we examined the physicochemical nature of sunflower seed oil bodies (in the absence and presence of added protein) exposed to gastrointestinal conditions in vitro: crude oil bodies (COB); washed oil bodies (WOB); whey protein isolate-enriched oil bodies (WOB-WPI); and, sodium caseinate enriched-oil bodies (WOB-SC). All oil body emulsions were passed through an in vitro digestion model that mimicked the stomach and duodenal environments, and their physicochemical properties were measured before, during, and after digestion. Oil bodies had a positive charge under gastric conditions because the pH was below the isoelectric point of the adsorbed protein layer, but they had a negative charge under duodenal conditions which was attributed to changes in interfacial composition resulting from adsorption of bile salts. Oil bodies were highly susceptible to flocculation and coalescence in both gastric and duodenal conditions. SDS-PAGE analysis indicated degradation of oleosin proteins (ca. 18-21 kDa) to a greater or lesser extent (dependent on the emulsion) during the gastric phase in all emulsions tested; there is evidence that some oleosin remained intact in the crude oil body preparation during this phase of the digestion process. Measurements of protein displacement from the surface of COBs during direct exposure to bile salts, without inclusion of a gastric phase, indicated the removal of intact oleosin from native oil bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakunkhun Makkhun
- University of Phayao, Division of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Muang, Phayao, 56000 Thailand
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Lokuge B, Kopczynski A, Woltmann A, Alvoen F, Connors C, Guyula T, Mulholland E, Cran S, Foster T, Lokuge K, Burke T, Prince S. Crusted scabies in remote Australia, a new way forward: lessons and outcomes from the East Arnhem Scabies Control Program. Med J Aust 2014; 200:644-8. [PMID: 24938345 DOI: 10.5694/mja14.00172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Crusted scabies is a highly infectious, debilitating and disfiguring disease, and remote Aboriginal communities of northern Australia have the highest reported rates of the condition in the world. We draw on monitoring data of the East Arnhem Scabies Control Program to discuss outcomes and lessons learnt through managing the condition in remote communities. Using active case finding, we identified seven patients with crusted scabies in three communities and found most had not presented to health services despite active disease. We compared presentations and hospitalisations for a cumulative total of 99 months during a novel preventive program with 99 months immediately before the program for the seven cases and seven sentinel household contacts. Our preventive long-term case management approach was associated with a significant 44% reduction in episodes of recurrent crusted scabies (from 36 to 20; P = 0.025) in the seven cases, and a non-significant 80% reduction in days spent in hospital (from 173 to 35; P = 0.09). It was also associated with a significant 75% reduction in scabies-related presentations (from 28 to 7; P = 0.017) for the seven sentinel household contacts. We recommend active surveillance and wider adoption of this preventive case management approach, with ongoing evaluation to refine protocols and improve efficiency. Contacts of children presenting with recurrent scabies should be examined to exclude crusted scabies. In households where crusted scabies is present, a diagnosis of parental neglect due to recurrent scabies and weight loss in children should be made with extreme caution. Improved coordination of care by health services, and research and development of new therapies including immunotherapies for crusted scabies, must be a priority.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Christine Connors
- Department of Health, Northern Territory Government, Darwin, NT, Australia
| | - Terrence Guyula
- Department of Health, Northern Territory Government, Darwin, NT, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Kamalini Lokuge
- ANU College of Medicine, Biology and Environment, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
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Payne G, Lad M, Foster T, Khosla A, Gray D. Composition and properties of the surface of oil bodies recovered from Echium plantagineum. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2014; 116:88-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2013.11.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Revised: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 11/24/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Foster T. Predictors of sustainability for community-managed handpumps in sub-Saharan Africa: evidence from Liberia, Sierra Leone, and Uganda. Environ Sci Technol 2013; 47:12037-12046. [PMID: 24111486 DOI: 10.1021/es402086n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Rural water supply sustainability has remained an enduring policy challenge in sub-Saharan Africa for decades. Drawing on the largest data set assembled on rural water points in sub-Saharan Africa to date, this paper employs logistic regression analyses to identify operational, technical, institutional, financial, and environmental predictors of functionality for over 25 000 community-managed handpumps in Liberia, Sierra Leone, and Uganda. Risk factors significantly associated with nonfunctionality across all three countries were (a) system age, (b) distance from district/county capital, and (c) absence of user fee collection. In at least one of the three countries, other variables found to have significant multivariable adjusted associations with functionality status included well type, handpump type, funding organization, implementing organization, spare parts proximity, availability of a handpump mechanic, regular servicing, regular water committee meetings, women in key water committee positions, rainfall season, and perceived water quality. While the findings reinforce views that a multifaceted range of conditions is critical for the sustainability of community-managed handpumps, they also demonstrate that these factors remain absent from a high proportion of cases. Governments and development partners must significantly strengthen postconstruction support for operation and maintenance systems, and greater efforts are needed to test and evaluate alternative models for managing handpump water supplies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Foster
- School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford , South Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3QY, United Kingdom
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Nelson J, Collins A, Foster T, Cooper S. Religious beliefs and attitudes toward suicide in a cohort of medical students at Queen's University Belfast. Ulster Med J 2013; 82:194-5. [PMID: 24505159 PMCID: PMC3913414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
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Foster T, Dickson N, Saxton P. P3.217 International Comparison of Recent Trends in the Rates of HIV Diagnoses Among Men Who Have Sex with Men (MSM). Br J Vener Dis 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/sextrans-2013-051184.0674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Aguirre-Álvarez G, Foster T, Hill S. Modelling of isotherms and their hysteresis analysis in gelatin from different sources. CyTA - Journal of Food 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/19476337.2012.692122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Murphy TM, Mullins N, Ryan M, Foster T, Kelly C, McClelland R, O'Grady J, Corcoran E, Brady J, Reilly M, Jeffers A, Brown K, Maher A, Bannan N, Casement A, Lynch D, Bolger S, Buckley A, Quinlivan L, Daly L, Kelleher C, Malone KM. Genetic variation in DNMT3B and increased global DNA methylation is associated with suicide attempts in psychiatric patients. Genes Brain Behav 2013; 12:125-32. [PMID: 23025623 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-183x.2012.00865.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2012] [Revised: 08/17/2012] [Accepted: 09/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Recently, a significant epigenetic component in the pathology of suicide has been realized. Here we investigate candidate functional SNPs in epigenetic-regulatory genes, DNMT1 and DNMT3B, for association with suicide attempt (SA) among patients with co-existing psychiatric illness. In addition, global DNA methylation levels [5-methyl cytosine (5-mC%)] between SA and psychiatric controls were quantified using the Methylflash Methylated DNA Quantification Kit. DNA was obtained from blood of 79 suicide attempters and 80 non-attempters, assessed for DSM-IV Axis I disorders. Functional SNPs were selected for each gene (DNMT1; n = 7, DNMT3B; n = 10), and genotyped. A SNP (rs2424932) residing in the 3' UTR of the DNMT3B gene was associated with SA compared with a non-attempter control group (P = 0.001; Chi-squared test, Bonferroni adjusted P value = 0.02). Moreover, haplotype analysis identified a DNMT3B haplotype which differed between cases and controls, however this association did not hold after Bonferroni correction (P = 0.01, Bonferroni adjusted P value = 0.56). Global methylation analysis showed that psychiatric patients with a history of SA had significantly higher levels of global DNA methylation compared with controls (P = 0.018, Student's t-test). In conclusion, this is the first report investigating polymorphisms in DNMT genes and global DNA methylation quantification in SA risk. Preliminary findings suggest that allelic variability in DNMT3B may be relevant to the underlying diathesis for suicidal acts and our findings support the hypothesis that aberrant DNA methylation profiles may contribute to the biology of suicidal acts. Thus, analysis of global DNA hypermethylation in blood may represent a biomarker for increased SA risk in psychiatric patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- T M Murphy
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health Research & Education and Research Centre, St Vincent's University Hospital, and School of Medicine & Medical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
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Affiliation(s)
- Rob Hope
- School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QY UK
| | - Tim Foster
- School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QY UK
| | - Patrick Thomson
- School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QY UK
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rob Hope
- Water Science, Policy and Management, Oxford University
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