1
|
Brinholi FF, Michelin AP, Matsumoto AK, de O Semeão L, Almulla AF, Supasitthumrong T, Tunvirachaisakul C, Barbosa DS, Maes M. Paraoxonase 1 status is a major Janus-faced component of mild and moderate acute ischemic stroke and consequent disabilities. Metab Brain Dis 2023; 38:2115-2131. [PMID: 37204661 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-023-01232-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
AIMS This study aims to examine the associations between paraoxonase 1 (PON)1 status and acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and consequent disabilities. METHODS This study recruited 122 patients with AIS and 40 healthy controls and assessed the Q192R gene variants, arylesterase (AREase) and chloromethyl phenylacetate (CMPAase) activities, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLc) in baseline conditions. AREase and CMPAase were measured 3 months later. The National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and the modified Rankin score (mRS) were assessed at baseline and 3 and 6 months later. RESULTS Reduced CMPAase and increased AREase activities are significantly associated with AIS and mRS and NIHSS scores (baseline and 3 and 6 months later). The best predictor of AIS/disabilities was a decrease in the z-unit-based composite zCMPAase-zAREase score. Serum high density lipoprotein cholsterol (HDLc) was significantly correlated with CMPAase, but not AREase, activity and a lowered zCMPAase + zHDLc score was the second best predictor of AIS/disabilities. Regression analysis showed that 34.7% of the variance in baseline NIHSS was explained by zCMPAase-zAREase and zCMPAase + zHDLc composites, HDLc, and hypertension. Neural network analysis showed that stroke was differentiated from controls with an area under the ROC curve of 0.975 using both new composite scores, PON1 status, hypertension, dyslipidemia, previous stroke as body mass index. The PON1 Q192R genotype has many significant direct and mediated effects on AIS/disabilities, however, its overall effect was not significant. DISCUSSION PON1 status and the CMPAase-HDLc complex play key roles in AIS and its disabilities at baseline and 3 and 6 months later.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francis F Brinholi
- Health Sciences Graduate Program, Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Michelin
- Health Sciences Graduate Program, Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Andressa K Matsumoto
- Health Sciences Graduate Program, Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Laura de O Semeão
- Health Sciences Graduate Program, Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Abbas F Almulla
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, 1873 Rama 4 Rd., Phayathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- Medical Laboratory Technology Department, College of Medical Technology, The Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq
| | - Thitiporn Supasitthumrong
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, 1873 Rama 4 Rd., Phayathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Chavit Tunvirachaisakul
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, 1873 Rama 4 Rd., Phayathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Décio S Barbosa
- Health Sciences Graduate Program, Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Michael Maes
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, 1873 Rama 4 Rd., Phayathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
- Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Medina-Díaz IM, Ponce-Ruíz N, Rojas-García AE, Zambrano-Zargoza JF, Bernal-Hernández YY, González-Arias CA, Barrón-Vivanco BS, Herrera-Moreno JF. The Relationship between Cancer and Paraoxonase 1. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11040697. [PMID: 35453382 PMCID: PMC9028432 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11040697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Extensive research has been carried out to understand and elucidate the mechanisms of paraoxonase 1 (PON1) in the development of diseases including cancer, cardiovascular diseases, neurological diseases, and inflammatory diseases. This review focuses on the relationship between PON1 and cancer. The data suggest that PON1, oxidative stress, chronic inflammation, and cancer are closely linked. Certainly, the gene expression of PON1 will remain challenging to study. Therefore, targeting PON1, redox-sensitive pathways, and transcription factors promise prevention and therapy in the development of several diseases, including cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irma Martha Medina-Díaz
- Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología Ambiental, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Tepict 63000, Mexico; (N.P.-R.); (A.E.R.-G.); (Y.Y.B.-H.); (C.A.G.-A.); (B.S.B.-V.); (J.F.H.-M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Néstor Ponce-Ruíz
- Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología Ambiental, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Tepict 63000, Mexico; (N.P.-R.); (A.E.R.-G.); (Y.Y.B.-H.); (C.A.G.-A.); (B.S.B.-V.); (J.F.H.-M.)
| | - Aurora Elizabeth Rojas-García
- Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología Ambiental, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Tepict 63000, Mexico; (N.P.-R.); (A.E.R.-G.); (Y.Y.B.-H.); (C.A.G.-A.); (B.S.B.-V.); (J.F.H.-M.)
| | | | - Yael Y. Bernal-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología Ambiental, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Tepict 63000, Mexico; (N.P.-R.); (A.E.R.-G.); (Y.Y.B.-H.); (C.A.G.-A.); (B.S.B.-V.); (J.F.H.-M.)
| | - Cyndia Azucena González-Arias
- Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología Ambiental, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Tepict 63000, Mexico; (N.P.-R.); (A.E.R.-G.); (Y.Y.B.-H.); (C.A.G.-A.); (B.S.B.-V.); (J.F.H.-M.)
| | - Briscia S. Barrón-Vivanco
- Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología Ambiental, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Tepict 63000, Mexico; (N.P.-R.); (A.E.R.-G.); (Y.Y.B.-H.); (C.A.G.-A.); (B.S.B.-V.); (J.F.H.-M.)
| | - José Francisco Herrera-Moreno
- Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología Ambiental, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Tepict 63000, Mexico; (N.P.-R.); (A.E.R.-G.); (Y.Y.B.-H.); (C.A.G.-A.); (B.S.B.-V.); (J.F.H.-M.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Malicek D, Wittig I, Luger S, Foerch C. Proteomics-Based Approach to Identify Novel Blood Biomarker Candidates for Differentiating Intracerebral Hemorrhage From Ischemic Stroke-A Pilot Study. Front Neurol 2022; 12:713124. [PMID: 34975707 PMCID: PMC8719589 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.713124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: A reliable distinction between ischemic stroke (IS) and intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is required for diagnosis-specific treatment and effective secondary prevention in patients with stroke. However, in resource-limited settings brain imaging, which is the current diagnostic gold standard for this purpose, is not always available in time. Hence, an easily accessible and broadly applicable blood biomarker-based diagnostic test differing stroke subtypes would be desirable. Using an explorative proteomics approach, this pilot study aimed to identify novel blood biomarker candidates for distinguishing IS from ICH. Material and Methods: Plasma samples from patients with IS and ICH were drawn during hospitalization and were analyzed by using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. Proteins were identified using the human reference proteome database UniProtKB, and label-free quantification (LFQ) data were further analyzed using bioinformatic tools. Results: Plasma specimens of three patients with IS and four patients with ICH with a median National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) of 12 [interquartile range (IQR) 10.5–18.5] as well as serum samples from two healthy volunteers were analyzed. Among 495 identified protein groups, a total of 368 protein groups exhibited enough data points to be entered into quantitative analysis. Of the remaining 22 top-listed proteins, a significant difference between IS and ICH was found for Carboxypeptidase N subunit 2 (CPN2), Coagulation factor XII (FXII), Plasminogen, Mannan-binding lectin serine protease 1, Serum amyloid P-component, Paraoxonase 1, Carbonic anhydrase 1, Fibulin-1, and Granulins. Discussion: In this exploratory proteomics-based pilot study, nine candidate biomarkers for differentiation of IS and ICH were identified. The proteins belong to the immune system, the coagulation cascade, and the apoptosis system, respectively. Further investigations in larger cohorts of patients with stroke using additional biochemical analysis methods, such as ELISA or Western Blotting are now necessary to validate these markers, and to characterize diagnostic accuracy with regard to the development of a point-of-care-system for use in resource-limited areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Malicek
- Department of Neurology, Goethe University/University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ilka Wittig
- Functional Proteomics, Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Sebastian Luger
- Department of Neurology, Goethe University/University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Christian Foerch
- Department of Neurology, Goethe University/University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Pan Y, He B, Sun H, Xu T, Pan B, Wang S, Mei Y. Susceptibility of PON1/ PON2 Genetic Variations to Ischemic Stroke Risk in a Chinese Han Population. PHARMACOGENOMICS & PERSONALIZED MEDICINE 2020; 13:563-570. [PMID: 33154659 PMCID: PMC7605958 DOI: 10.2147/pgpm.s275341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Paraoxonases (PONs) are a family of orphan enzymes with multiple functions, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, antiatherogenic activities. Studies have suggested that genetic variations in PON1 and PON2 are associated with ischemic stroke (IS) risk; however, the conclusion remains unclear in the Chinese population. Methods To investigate the susceptibility of genetic variations in PON1 and PON2 to risk of IS and its subtypes, this case–control study was carried out on a Chinese population comprising 300 IS patients and 300 healthy controls. Genotypes of six genetic variations in PON1 and PON2 were identified with an improved multiplex ligase detection–reaction technique. Results PON1 rs662 was associated with increased risk of IS (CT vs. TT — ORadjusted 1.79, 95% CI 1.08–2.97; p=0.025). Stratified analysis for patients by sex revealed that the significant association of PON1 rs662 with IS risk was maintained in the male cohort (CT vs. TT — ORadjusted 2.59, 95% CI 1.29–5.21 [p=0.009]; CT/CC vs. TT — ORadjusted 2.03, 95% CI 1.05–3.93 [p=0.036]), but not in the female cohort. Analysis according to IS subtype revealed that PON1 rs662 genetic variation was an increased risk in the subcohort of patients with large-artery atherosclerosis (CT/CC vs. TT — ORadjusted 2.31, 95% CI 1.09–4.91; p=0.029), but not in patients with other types of IS. Conclusion This study suggested that PON1 rs662 presented a potential risk of IS, especially for males, and this association was more obvious for large-artery atherosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuqin Pan
- General Clinical Research Center, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210006, People's Republic of China
| | - Bangshun He
- General Clinical Research Center, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210006, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiling Sun
- General Clinical Research Center, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210006, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Xu
- General Clinical Research Center, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210006, People's Republic of China
| | - Bei Pan
- General Clinical Research Center, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210006, People's Republic of China
| | - Shukui Wang
- General Clinical Research Center, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210006, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanping Mei
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Murillo-González FE, Ponce-Ruiz N, Rojas-García AE, Rothenberg SJ, Bernal-Hernández YY, Cerda-Flores RM, Mackness M, Barrón-Vivanco BS, González-Arias CA, Ponce-Gallegos J, Medina-Díaz IM. PON1 lactonase activity and its association with cardiovascular disease. Clin Chim Acta 2019; 500:47-53. [PMID: 31626760 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2019.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) is important in the development of atherosclerosis, and it has become the subject of intensive research. Our aim was to evaluate the association of serum PON1 activity and polymorphisms with cardiovascular disease (CVD) using four different substrates. MATERIALS AND METHODS Activity of PON1-related to arylesterase (AREase and 4-CMPAse), paraoxonase (PONase), and lactonase (LACase), and polymorphisms (A-162G, T-108C, L55M, and Q192R) were evaluated in subjects with CVD, cardiovascular risk factor (CFR), and controls. An ordered logistic-regression analysis of PON1 phenotypes was performed in the CVD group with respect to the control group. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Logistic-regression analysis showed that CC-108 genotype was associated with CRF and CVD. The CVD group had the lowest activities of PON1. The LACase might be a better biomarker for CVD (OR, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.44-0.61) followed by CMPAse (OR, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.77-0.86), AREase (OR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.97-0.99) and PONase (OR, 0.99, 95% CI, 0.99-0.99). Logistic regression of PON1 phenotypes by haplotypes showed that LACase activity was not influenced by the polymorphisms and that it could be a new potential biomarker in the development of CVD. Larger scale longitudinal studies are required.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F E Murillo-González
- Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología Ambiental, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Nayarit, Mexico; Posgrado en Ciencias Biológico Agropecuarias. Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit. Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico
| | - N Ponce-Ruiz
- Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología Ambiental, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Nayarit, Mexico; Posgrado en Ciencias Biológico Agropecuarias. Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit. Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico
| | - A E Rojas-García
- Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología Ambiental, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Nayarit, Mexico
| | | | - Y Y Bernal-Hernández
- Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología Ambiental, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Nayarit, Mexico
| | - R M Cerda-Flores
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León. Facultad de Enfermería. Nuevo León, Mexico
| | | | - B S Barrón-Vivanco
- Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología Ambiental, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Nayarit, Mexico
| | - C A González-Arias
- Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología Ambiental, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Nayarit, Mexico
| | | | - I M Medina-Díaz
- Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología Ambiental, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Nayarit, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhao F, Yue Y, Jiang H, Yuan Y. Shared genetic risk factors for depression and stroke. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2019; 93:55-70. [PMID: 30898617 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The comorbidity of major depressive disorder (MDD) and stroke are common in clinic. There is a growing body of evidence suggesting a bi-directional relationship between stroke and depression. However, the mechanisms underlying the relationship between MDD and stroke are poorly investigated. Considering that both MDD and stroke can be heritable and are influenced by multiple risk genes, shared genetic risk factors between MDD and stroke may exist. OBJECTIVE The objective is to review the existing evidence for common genetic risk factors for both MDD and stroke and to outline the possible pathophysiological mechanisms mediating this association. METHODS A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed. Gene association studies regarding stroke and depression were searched in the database PubMed, CNKI, and Chinese Biomedical Literature Database before December 2018. Statistical analysis was performed using the software Revman 5.3. RESULTS Genetic polymorphisms of 4 genes, methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) and apolipoprotein E (ApoE) have been demonstrated to associate with the increased risk for both MDD and stroke, while the association between identified polymorphisms in angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) and serum paraoxonase (PON1) with depression is still under debate, for the existing studies are insufficient in sample size. These results suggest the possible pathophysiological mechanisms that are common to these two disorders, including immune-inflammatory imbalance, increased oxidative and nitrative stress, dysregulation of lipoprotein and lipid metabolism, and changes of cerebrovascular morphology and function. Other associated genes with few or conflicting results have also been included, and a few studies have investigated the effects of the described polymorphisms on MDD and stroke comorbidity, such as post stroke depression. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that shared genetic pathways may contribute to the comorbidity of MDD and stroke. Studies to evaluate the shared genetic variations between MDD and stroke may provide insights into the molecular mechanisms that trigger disease progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fuying Zhao
- Department of Psychosomatics and Psychiatry, ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medical, Institute of Psychosomatics, Southeast University, China
| | - Yingying Yue
- Department of Psychosomatics and Psychiatry, ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medical, Institute of Psychosomatics, Southeast University, China
| | - Haitang Jiang
- Department of Psychosomatics and Psychiatry, ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medical, Institute of Psychosomatics, Southeast University, China
| | - Yonggui Yuan
- Department of Psychosomatics and Psychiatry, ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medical, Institute of Psychosomatics, Southeast University, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Joint Effects of PON1 Polymorphisms and Vegetable Intake on Ischemic Stroke: A Family-Based Case Control Study. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18122652. [PMID: 29215590 PMCID: PMC5751254 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18122652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Paraoxonase 1 gene (PON1) polymorphisms and dietary vegetable and fruit intake are both established determinants of ischemic stroke (IS). However, little is known about whether these factors jointly influence the risk of IS. We analyzed the main effects of PON1, as well as the interactions between PON1 and dietary vegetable or fruit intake with the risk of total IS and its subtypes in a family-based case-control study conducted among 2158 Chinese participants (1007 IS cases and 1151 IS-free controls) from 918 families. Conditional logistic regression models, with each family as a stratum, were used to examine the association between rs662 and IS. Gene-diet interactions were tested by including a cross-product term of dietary vegetable or fruit intake by rs662_G allele count in the models. Each copy of the PON1 rs662_G allele was associated with 28% higher risk of total IS (p = 0.008) and 32% higher risk of large artery atherosclerosis subtype (LAA) (p = 0.01). We observed an interaction between rs662 and vegetable intake for both total IS (p = 0.006) and LAA (p = 0.02) after adjustment for covariates. Individuals who carry the rs662_A allele may benefit to a greater extent from intake of vegetables and thus be more effectively protected from ischemic stroke, whereas carriers of the G allele may still remain at greater risk for ischemic stroke due to their genetic backgrounds even when they consume a high level of vegetables. More studies are needed to replicate our findings among other populations.
Collapse
|
8
|
Tajbakhsh A, Rezaee M, Rivandi M, Forouzanfar F, Afzaljavan F, Pasdar A. Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) and stroke; the dilemma of genetic variation. Clin Biochem 2017; 50:1298-1305. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Revised: 07/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
9
|
Wei LK, Au A, Menon S, Griffiths LR, Kooi CW, Irene L, Zhao J, Lee C, Alekseevna AM, Hassan MRA, Aziz ZA. Polymorphisms of MTHFR, eNOS, ACE, AGT, ApoE, PON1, PDE4D, and Ischemic Stroke: Meta-Analysis. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2017; 26:2482-2493. [PMID: 28760411 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2017.05.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The association between ischemic stroke and genetic polymorphisms of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR; 677C>T and 1298A>C), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS; -786T>C, +894G>T, and variable number tandem repeat [VNTR]), phosphodiesterase 4D (PDE4D; SNPs 83 and 87), angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) I/D, angiotensinogen (AGT) 235M>T, paraoxonase 1 (PON1) 192Q>R, and apolipoprotein E (ApoE) ε2ε3ε4 remains inconclusive. Therefore, this updated meta-analysis aimed to clarify the presumed influence of genetic polymorphisms on ischemic stroke by meta-analyzing the comprehensive coverage of all individual association studies. METHODS All case-control studies published in different languages such as English, Japanese, Korean, Spanish, Chinese, Hungarian, Ukrainian, or Russian were identified from databases. The pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated via fixed- and random-effect models. Sensitivity analysis, heterogeneity test, Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium, and Egger's regression analyses were performed in this study. RESULTS A total of 490 case-control studies with 138,592 cases and 159,314 controls were included in this meta-analysis. Pooled ORs from all the genetic models indicated that MTHFR 677TT and 1298CC, eNOS +894TT and VNTR, PDE4D SNP 83, ACE DD, AGT 235TT, PON1 192RR, and ApoE ε4 polymorphisms were increasing the risks of ischemic stroke. Nevertheless, PDE4D SNP 87 and eNOS -786T>C polymorphisms are not associated with ischemic stroke risks. CONCLUSIONS Hence, the evidence from this meta-analysis concluded that MTHFR (677C>T and 1298A>C), eNOS (+894G>T and VNTR), PDE4D SNP 83, ACE I/D, AGT 235M>T, PON1 192Q>R, and ApoE ε2ε3ε4 polymorphisms predispose individuals to ischemic stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Loo Keat Wei
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Bandar Barat, Kampar, Perak, Malaysia.
| | - Anthony Au
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Malaysia
| | - Saras Menon
- Genomics Research Centre, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia
| | - Lyn R Griffiths
- Genomics Research Centre, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia
| | - Cheah Wee Kooi
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Research Centre, Taiping Hospital, Jalan Tamingsari, Taiping, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Looi Irene
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Research Centre, Hospital Seberang Jaya, Jalan Tun Hussein Onn, Seberang Jaya, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Jiangyang Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Chaeyoung Lee
- School of Systems Biomedical Science, Soongsil University, 511 Sangdo-dong, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Avdonina Maria Alekseevna
- Laboratory of Biological Microchips, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Zariah Abdul Aziz
- Neurology Division, Department of Medicine, Hospital Sultanah Nur Zahirah, Jalan Sultan Mahmud, Kuala Terengganu, Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Li Y, Liang G, Shi L, Liang X, Long B, Qin J, Zhang Z. Paraoxonase-1 (PON1) rs662 Polymorphism and Its Association with Serum Lipid Levels and Longevity in the Bama Zhuang Population. Med Sci Monit 2016; 22:5154-5162. [PMID: 28027289 PMCID: PMC5214702 DOI: 10.12659/msm.898231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The present study was performed to identify the association of PON1 rs662 polymorphism with serum lipid levels and human longevity in the Bama Zhuang population. Material/Methods PON1 genotypes were determined by Taqman SNP Genotyping Assays in 110 long-lived inhabitants (longevity group, aged 90–110 years), 110 healthy inhabitants in Bama County (control 1 group, aged 43–82 years) and 110 healthy inhabitants in Nandan County (control 2 group, aged 28–82 years) without family history of longevity. Results BMI (body mass index) and TG (serum total triglyceride) level were lower in the longevity group than in the two control groups, while the contents of serum LDL-c (low-density lipoprotein cholesterol) and HDL-c (high-density lipoprotein cholesterol) and the levels of SBP (systolic blood pressure) and DBP (diastolic blood pressure) in the longevity group were higher than in the two control groups (p<0.01). Significant differences in the frequencies of three genotypes (GG, AG, and AA) were observed between the longevity group and control 2 group (χ2=15.190, p=0.001). The minor allele frequency (MAF) of rs662 was significantly higher in the longevity group than in the two control groups. The levels of HDL-c in the longevity group were different among the three genotypes (p<0.05). The levels of TG for GG and GG+AG genotypes were significantly different, while the levels of TC (total cholesterol) and HDL-c for AG and GG+AG genotypes were significantly different among the three groups (p<0.05). Serum lipid parameters were correlated with several environmental factors, including age, gender, DBP, SBP, and BMI. The association of PON1 rs662 polymorphism and serum lipid levels was different among the three groups. Conclusions PON1 polymorphism might be one of the genetic factors of longevity in the Bama Zhuang population. The PON1 rs662 SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism) was associated with serum HDL-c levels in the longevity group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- You Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Guiyun Liang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Liwei Shi
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Xue Liang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Bingshuang Long
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Jian Qin
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Zhiyong Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China (mainland)
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Chistiakov DA, Melnichenko AA, Orekhov AN, Bobryshev YV. Paraoxonase and atherosclerosis-related cardiovascular diseases. Biochimie 2016; 132:19-27. [PMID: 27771368 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2016.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In humans, three paraoxonase (PON1, PON2, and PON3) genes are clustered on chromosome 7 at a locus that spans a distance around 170 kb. These genes are highly homologous to each other and have a similar protein structural organization. PON2 is the intracellular enzyme, which is expressed in many tissues and organs, while two other members of PON gene family are produced by liver and associate with high density lipoprotein (HDL). The lactonase activity is the ancestral. Besides lactones and organic phosphates, PONs can hydrolyze and therefore detoxify oxidized low density lipoprotein and homocysteine thiolactone, i.e. two cytotoxic compounds with a strong proatherogenic action. Indeed, PONs possess numerous atheroprotective properties, which include antioxidant activity, anti-inflammatory action, preserving HDL function, stimulation of cholesterol efflux, anti-apoptosis, anti-thrombosis, and anti-adhesion. PON genetic polymorphisms contribute to susceptibility/protection from atherosclerosis-related diseases. The bright antiatherogenic activity of the PON cluster makes it a promising target for the development of new therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dimitry A Chistiakov
- Department of Molecular Genetic Diagnostics and Cell Biology, Division of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Pediatrics, Research Center for Children's Health, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexandra A Melnichenko
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, 125315, Russia; Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, Skolkovo Innovative Center, Moscow, 121609, Russia
| | - Alexander N Orekhov
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, 125315, Russia; Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, Skolkovo Innovative Center, Moscow, 121609, Russia; Department of Biophysics, Biological Faculty, Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia; National Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Moscow, 101000, Russia
| | - Yuri V Bobryshev
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, 125315, Russia; Faculty of Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia; School of Medicine, University of Western Sydney, Campbelltown, NSW, 2560, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Rodríguez-Esparragón F, López-Fernández JC, Buset-Ríos N, García-Bello MA, Hernández-Velazquez E, Cappiello L, Rodríguez-Pérez JC. Paraoxonase 1 and 2 gene variants and the ischemic stroke risk in Gran Canaria population: an association study and meta-analysis. Int J Neurosci 2016; 127:191-198. [PMID: 26978533 DOI: 10.3109/00207454.2016.1165675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE STUDY The present study aims to evaluate the relationship between rs662 (Gln(Q)192Arg(R)) and rs854560 (L55M) and the rs7493 (S311C) in the paraoxonase genes and ischemic stroke (IS) in the population of Gran Canaria (Canary Islands). The association with stroke was also evaluated using systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS A total of 129 IS patients and 176 age and gender matched controls were enrolled. For meta-analysis, eligible studies were identified through search in public databases. RESULTS In multivariate regression analysis only the PON2 S311C variant showed to be an independent predictor of IS (OR = 0.093, 95% CI: 0.014-0.627). Overall, no significant association was found between L55M and IS when all studies were pooled nor by subgroup analysis by ethnicity. Gln192Arg showed a modest risk for IS in the global and in Asian population but with high heterogeneity among studies. A modest risk under a dominant inheritance model was found for the S311C variant with an overall random effect OR of 1.004 (95% CI: 1.00-1.35). There was strong evidence of heterogeneity among studies ( p = 0.0097, I2 = 25.35%) which did not disappear after stratification by ethnicity. CONCLUSIONS The overall analysis shows a significant contribution of the rs662 variant to IS risk. We found that the CC genotype of the PON2 S311C polymorphism is a risk factor for IS. Results of the meta-analysis partially support this conclusion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Rodríguez-Esparragón
- a Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Doctor Negrín , Gran Canaria , Spain.,c Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC) , Gran Canaria , Spain
| | - Juan Carlos López-Fernández
- a Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Doctor Negrín , Gran Canaria , Spain.,b Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Doctor Negrín , Gran Canaria , Spain.,c Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC) , Gran Canaria , Spain
| | - Nisa Buset-Ríos
- a Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Doctor Negrín , Gran Canaria , Spain
| | - Miguel A García-Bello
- a Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Doctor Negrín , Gran Canaria , Spain
| | - Erika Hernández-Velazquez
- a Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Doctor Negrín , Gran Canaria , Spain
| | - Laura Cappiello
- a Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Doctor Negrín , Gran Canaria , Spain
| | - José Carlos Rodríguez-Pérez
- a Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Doctor Negrín , Gran Canaria , Spain.,b Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Doctor Negrín , Gran Canaria , Spain.,c Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC) , Gran Canaria , Spain
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Gu L, Zhou J, Tan J, Su L, Wei Q, Jiang H, Liang B, Tang Q. TLR7 rs2897827 Polymorphism Affects TLR7 Gene mRNA Expression and Serum Apolipoprotein A1 Level of Ischemic Stroke Patients in a Chinese Han Population. J Mol Neurosci 2016; 59:397-403. [PMID: 27427388 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-016-0773-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Stroke is a multi-factorial disorder that has become the leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Previous studies reported that TLR7 mRNA expression is associated with poor outcome of ischemic stroke (IS). This study aimed to assess whether TLR7 mRNA expression affects IS occurrence, as well as the association of TLR7 rs2897827 with susceptibility to IS and TLR7 mRNA expression and serum apolipoprotein and lipid levels in a Chinese Han population. A total of 816 stroke patients and 816 healthy controls were included in this study. mRNA expression was determined by quantitative real-time PCR. The Sequenom MassARRAY iPLEX platform was used to genotype the TLR7 rs2897827 polymorphism. TLR7 mRNA expression of the IS cases was statistically significantly higher than that of the controls in the male or female group (male, P = 0.014; female, P = 0.025). In the male IS cases, TLR7 mRNA expression of the T allele carriers was statistically significantly higher than that of the C allele carriers (P = 0.018). However, a significant difference was not observed in the female cases (P = 0.545). In either the male or female group, the distribution of genotype or allele had no statistical significance (P > 0.050). The ApoA1 level of the T carriers was statistically significantly higher than the C carriers in males (t = -2.383, P = 0.020); however, the ApoB and lipid levels were not associated with rs2897827 (P > 0.050). In female patients, no significant difference was observed between different genotypic/allelic carriers in serum apolipoprotein and lipid levels (all P > 0.050). The expression of the TLR7 gene may affect IS occurrence. TLR7 gene rs2897827 may influence TLR7 mRNA expression and the plasma ApoA1 level in male IS patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lian Gu
- First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Jinying Zhou
- First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Jinjing Tan
- First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Li Su
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Qiugui Wei
- First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Haiyun Jiang
- First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Baoyun Liang
- First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Qianli Tang
- You Jiang Medical University for Nationalities, 98 Chengxiang Road, Baise, Guangxi, 533000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Liang CM, Ji DM, Yuan X, Ren LL, Shen J, Zhang HY. RET and PHOX2B genetic polymorphisms and Hirschsprung's disease susceptibility: a meta-analysis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e90091. [PMID: 24651702 PMCID: PMC3961244 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2013] [Accepted: 01/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many publications have evaluated the correlation between RET, PHOX2B polymorphisms and Hirschsprung's disease with conflicting results. We performed this meta-analysis to clarify the association of RET, PHOX2B polymorphisms with HSCR. METHODS We searched Pubmed, Elsevier Science Direct, China National Knowledge Infrastructure database, Chinese Biomedical database, Google scholar. The combined odds ratio (OR) with 95% CI was calculated to estimate the strength of the association. Heterogeneity and publication bias were also assessed. RESULTS In total, 16 studies concerning RET and 4 studies concerning PHOX2B were included in the meta-analysis. The effects of five polymorphisms of RET (rs1800858, rs1800860, rs1800861, rs10900297, rs2435357) and one polymorphism (rs28647582) of PHOX2B were evaluated. We found a significant correlation between RET polymorphisms and HSCR. For rs1800858, the overall ORs (95% CI) of the A versus G, AA versus GG, AA/AG versus GG and AA versus GG/AG were 3.81 (2.28-6.35); 8.36 (3.45-20.25); 3.59 (1.83-7.02); and 6.60 (3.66-11.89). For rs1800861, the comparison of subjects in the G versus T, GG versus TT, GG/TG versus TT and GG versus TT/TG were 2.85(1.81-4.47); 5.38(2.68-10.80); 3.07(2.17-4.34) and 4.14(1.84-9.30) respectively. For rs10900297, the comparison results showed statistically significant. (OR(C versus A) = 5.05,95%CI = 4.16-6.13; OR(CC versus AA) = 9.73, 95%CI = 5.94-15.94; OR(CC/AC versus AA) = 5.31, 95%CI = 3.27-6.82; OR(CC versus AC/AA) = 7.06,95%CI = 5.60-8.91.) But, for rs1800860, the GG/GA versus AA did not reach statistical association (OR = 3.77, 95% CI = 0.94-15.07) and the G versus A, GG versus AA, GG versus GA/AA were 2.23 (1.60-3.11);4.56 (1.14-18.27); 2.38 (1.66-3.43) respectively. For rs2435357, the T versus C, TT versus CC, TT/TC versus CC and TT versus CC/TC were 4.53 (3.27-6.27); 11.44 (5.67-23.10); 4.04 (2.92-5.57), and 9.01(5.25-15.46).The single polymorphism of PHOX2B gene wasn't related to the risk for HSCR. CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis shows a significant association between RET polymorphisms and HSCR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chun-mei Liang
- Department of Hygiene Analysis and Detection, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail: (CL); (HZ)
| | - Dong-mei Ji
- Department of Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Yuan
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling-ling Ren
- Department of Hygiene Analysis and Detection, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Shen
- Department of Hygiene Analysis and Detection, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-yan Zhang
- Department of Hygiene Analysis and Detection, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail: (CL); (HZ)
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Abstract
Paroxonase 1 displays multiple physiological activities that position it as a putative player in the pathogenesis of neurological disorders. Here we reviewed the literature focusing on the role of paraoxonase 1 (PON1) as a factor in the risk of stroke and the major neurodegenerative diseases. PON1 activity is reduced in stroke patients, which significantly correlates inversely with carotid and cerebral atherosclerosis. The presence of the R allele of the Q192R PON1 polymorphism seems to potentiate this risk for stroke. PON1 exerts peroxidase activities that may be important in neurodegenerative disorders associated with oxidative stress. PON1 is also a key detoxifier of organophosphates and organophosphate exposure has been linked to the development of neurological disorders in which acetylcholine plays a significant role. In Parkinson's disease most of the studies suggest no participation of either L55M or the Q192R polymorphisms in its pathogenesis. However, many studies suggest that the MM55 PON1 genotype is associated with a higher risk for Parkinson's disease in individuals exposed to organophosphates. In Alzheimer's disease most studies have failed to find any association between PON1 polymorphisms and the development of the disease. Some studies show that PON1 activity is decreased in patients with Alzheimer's disease or other dementias, suggesting a possible protective role of PON1. No links between PON1 polymorphisms or activity have been found in other neurodegenerative diseases such as multiple sclerosis and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. PON1 is a potential player in the pathogenesis of several neurological disorders. More research is warranted to ascertain the precise pathogenic links and the prognostic value of its measurement in neurological patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teresita Menini
- Department of Basic SciencesTouro University-California College of Osteopathic Medicine, Vallejo, CA, USA
| | - Alejandro Gugliucci
- GlycationOxidation and Disease Laboratory, Department of Research, Touro University-California College of Osteopathic Medicine, Vallejo, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
The salt stimulation property of serum paraoxonase (PON1) could be a valuable factor in evaluating the enzyme status in ischemic stroke: The role of activity-determined PON1 192Q/R phenotypes. J Neurol Sci 2014; 338:197-202. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2014.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2013] [Revised: 12/22/2013] [Accepted: 01/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
|
17
|
Caraballo JC, Borcherding J, Rector M, Hornick E, Stoltz D, Zabner J, Comellas AP. Role of PON in anoxia-reoxygenation injury: a Drosophila melanogaster transgenic model. PLoS One 2014; 9:e84434. [PMID: 24400090 PMCID: PMC3882223 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0084434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2013] [Accepted: 11/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) is a protein found associated with high density lipoprotein (HDL), thought to prevent oxidative modification of low-density lipoprotein (LDL). This enzyme has been implicated in lowering the risk of cardiovascular disease. Anoxia-reoxygenation and oxidative stress are important elements in cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease. However, the role of PON1 in anoxia-reoxygenation or anoxic injury is unclear. We hypothesize that PON1 prevents anoxia-reoxygenation injury. We set out to determine whether PON1 expression in Drosophila melanogaster protects against anoxia-reoxygenation (A-R) induced injury. Methods Wild type (WT) and transgenic PON1 flies were exposed to anoxia (100% Nitrogen) for different time intervals (from 1 to 24 hours). After the anoxic period, flies were placed in room air for reoxygenation. Activity and survival of flies was then recorded. Results Within 5 minutes of anoxia, all flies fell into a stupor state. After reoxygenation, survivor flies resumed activity with some delay. Interestingly, transgenic flies recovered from stupor later than WT. PON1 transgenic flies had a significant survival advantage after A-R stress compared with WT. The protection conferred by PON1 expression was present regardless of the age or dietary restriction. Furthermore, PON1 expression exclusively in CNS conferred protection. Conclusion Our results support the hypothesis that PON1 has a protective role in anoxia-reoxygenation injury, and its expression in the CNS is sufficient and necessary to provide a 100% survival protection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos Caraballo
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Jennifer Borcherding
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Michael Rector
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Emma Hornick
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - David Stoltz
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Joseph Zabner
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Alejandro P. Comellas
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Peng WJ, Pan HF, Tao JH, Wang BX, Lu MM, Wang S, He Q, Wang J. A meta-analysis of the association between cytokine gene polymorphisms and systemic sclerosis. Mod Rheumatol 2014. [DOI: 10.3109/s10165-011-0574-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
|
19
|
Ginsberg G, Sonawane B, Nath R, Lewandowski P. Methylmercury-induced inhibition of paraoxonase-1 (PON1)-implications for cardiovascular risk. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2014; 77:1004-1023. [PMID: 25072822 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2014.919837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Methylmercury (MeHg) has been associated with increased risk for cardiovascular disease in some but not all epidemiology studies. These inconsistent results may stem from the fact that exposure typically occurs in the context of fish consumption, which is also associated with cardioprotective factors such as omega-3 fatty acids. Mechanistic information may help to understand whether MeHg represents a risk to cardiovascular health. MeHg is a pro-oxidant that inactivates protein sulfhydryls. These biochemical effects may diminish critical antioxidant defense mechanism(s) involved in protecting against atherosclerosis. One such defense mechanism is paraoxonase-1 (PON1), an enzyme present on high-density lipoproteins and that prevents the oxidation of blood lipids and their deposition in vascular endothelium. PON1 is potentially useful as a clinical biomarker of cardiovascular risk, as well as a critical enzyme in the detoxification of certain organophosphate oxons. MeHg and other metals are known to inhibit PON1 activity in vitro. MeHg is associated with lowered serum PON1 activity in a fish-eating population. The implications of lowering PON1 are evaluated by predicting the shift in PON1 population distribution induced by various doses of MeHg. An MeHg dose of 0.3 μg/kg/d is estimated to decrease the population average PON1 level by 6.1% and to increase population risk of acute cardiovascular events by 9.7%. This evaluation provides a plausible mechanism for MeHg-induced cardiovascular risk and suggests means to quantify the risk. This case study exemplifies the use of upstream disease biomarkers to evaluate the additive effect of chemical toxicity with background disease processes in assessing human risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Ginsberg
- a Connecticut Department of Public Health , Hartford , Connecticut , USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Lantz M, Sjöstrand C, Kostulas K. Ischemic Stroke and Patent Foramen Ovale: Risk Factors and Genetic Profile. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2013; 22:841-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2012.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2012] [Revised: 05/28/2012] [Accepted: 06/04/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
|
21
|
Wan YN, Wang YJ, Yan JW, Li XP, Tao JH, Wang BX, Peng WJ, Wang J. The effect of TGF-β1 polymorphism on systemic sclerosis: a systematic review and pooled analysis of available literature. Rheumatol Int 2013; 33:2859-65. [DOI: 10.1007/s00296-013-2826-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2011] [Accepted: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
22
|
Cytochrome P450 2A6 deletion polymorphism and risk of lung cancer: a meta-analysis. Mol Biol Rep 2013; 40:5255-9. [PMID: 23733493 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-013-2625-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2012] [Accepted: 04/30/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies concerning the association between cytochrome P450 2A6 (CYP2A6) deletion polymorphism and lung cancer risk provided controversial results. To clarify the precise association, a meta-analysis was performed. The electronic databases PubMed, Chinese Biomedical Database and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure Database were searched for case-control studies last updated on June 3, 2012 that investigated CYP2A6 deletion polymorphism and lung cancer risk. The odds ratio (OR) and its respective 95 % confidence interval (95 % CI) were used to measure the strength of association by means of a genetic model free approach. A total of 8 studies including 2,607 cases and 2,595 controls met the inclusion criteria and were subjected to the final analysis. The most appropriate co-dominant model was adopted. Overall, we found that CYP2A6 *1/*1 genotype was associated with an increased risk of lung cancer relative to *4/*4 genotype (OR = 2.65, 95 % CI: 1.84-3.81, P < 0.001). Significant association was also detected among Asians. Publication bias was absent in this meta-analysis. Therefore, our data suggested that the presence of the CYP2A6 *1/*1 might be associated with an increased lung cancer risk, especially for Asians. Further studies well-designed among different ethnicity populations are required.
Collapse
|
23
|
Yin G, Mitsuda Y, Ezaki T, Hamajima N. A new PCR method: one primer amplification of PCR-CTPP products. Mol Biotechnol 2013; 52:180-3. [PMID: 22187169 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-011-9485-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Polymerase chain reaction with confronting two-pair primers (PCR-CTPP) is a convenient method for genotyping single nucleotide polymorphisms, saving time, and costs. It uses four primers for PCR; F1 and R1 for one allele, and F2 and R2 for the other allele, by which three different sizes of DNA are amplified; between F1 and R1, between F2 and R2, and between F1 and R2. To date, we have applied PCR-CTPP successfully for genotyping more than 60 polymorphisms. However, it is not rare that PCR does not produce balanced amplification of allele specific bands. Accordingly, the method was modified by attaching a common sequence at the 5' end of two-pair primers and adding another primer with the common sequence in PCR, in total five different primers in a tube for PCR. The modification allowed one primer amplification for the products of initial PCR with confronting two-pair primers, named as one primer amplification of PCR-CTPP products (OPA-CTPP). This article demonstrates an example for an A/G polymorphism of paraoxonase 1 (PON1) Gln192Arg (rs662). PCR-CTPP failed clear genotyping for the polymorphism, while OPA-CTPP successfully produced PCR products corresponding to the allele. The present example indicated that the OPA-CTPP would be useful in the case that PCR-CTPP failed to produce balanced PCR products specific to each allele.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guang Yin
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai Cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Litvinov D, Mahini H, Garelnabi M. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory role of paraoxonase 1: implication in arteriosclerosis diseases. NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2012. [PMID: 23181222 PMCID: PMC3503369 DOI: 10.4103/1947-2714.103310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) is a hydrolytic enzyme with wide range of substrates, and capability to protect against lipid oxidation. Despite of the large number of compounds that can be hydrolyzed by paraoxonase, the biologically relevant substrates are still not clearly determined. There is a massive in vitro and in vivo data to demonstrate the beneficial effects of PON1 in several atherosclerosis-related processes. The enzyme is primarily expressed in liver; however, it is also localized in other tissues. PON1 attracted significant interest as a protein that is responsible for the most of antioxidant properties of high-density lipoprotein (HDL). Several bioactive molecules such as dietary polyphenols, aspirin and its hydrolysis product salicylate, are known to stimulate PON1 transcription activation in mouse liver and HepG2 cell line. Studies on the activity, function, and genetic makeup have revealed a protective role of PON1. Some striking data were obtained in PON1 gene knockout and PON1 transgenic mouse models and in human studies. The goal of this review is to assess the current understanding of PON1 expression, enzymatic and antioxidant activity, and its atheroprotective effects. Results from in vivo and in vitro basic studies; and from human studies on the association of PON1 with coronary artery disease (CAD) and ischemic stroke will be discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry Litvinov
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
R-carrying genotypes of serum paraoxonase (PON1) 192 polymorphism and higher activity ratio are related to susceptibility against ischemic stroke. Mol Biol Rep 2012; 39:11177-85. [PMID: 23054002 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-012-2027-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2012] [Accepted: 10/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The polymorphic gene of serum paraoxonase (PON1) and its activity involved in atherosclerosis. The purpose of the study was to analyze PON1 192 Q/R polymorphism and the enzyme activities in ischemic stroke. The polymorphism as the most common polymorphism in PON1 gene coding sequence is associated with variation in the enzyme activity and vascular disease. The study included 85 stroke patients and 71 control subjects. PON1 192 polymorphism was genotyped using PCR protocol. Paraoxonase activity (Para) and arylesterase activity (Aryl) were determined spectrophotometrically using paraoxon and phenylacetate as the substrates. The QR and RR genotypes were more frequent in stroke population compared to controls, resulting in a higher frequency of the R allele in patients (0.24 vs 0.18, OR = 1.41). Patients had significantly higher Para/Aryl ratio than that of controls (P = 0.016). In stroke patients, Para/Aryl and Para/HDL ratios increased with this order: QQ < QR < RR. Hypertension significantly increased the risk of ischemic stroke by 15-fold among R-containing people, while this was significantly increased 4-fold for QQ homozygotes. Smoking increased the risk of having ischemic stroke in both QQ homozygote and QR + RR group (OR = 2.84 and OR = 2.33, respectively). In conclusion, these data highlight the importance of PON1 192 R allele and high Para/Aryl ratio in susceptibility to ischemic stroke in the population. The presence of the 192 R allele potentiates the risk of stroke especially in hypertensive people. Decreased Aryl and increased Para/Aryl, Para/HDL and Aryl/HDL ratios may be markers indicated the increased susceptibility to ischemic stroke in the population.
Collapse
|
26
|
Liu H, Xia P, Liu M, Ji XM, Sun HB, Tao L, Mu QW. PON gene polymorphisms and ischaemic stroke: a systematic review and meta analysis. Int J Stroke 2012; 8:111-23. [PMID: 22631428 DOI: 10.1111/j.1747-4949.2012.00813.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Paraoxonase is known to play an important role in the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis. Genetic variants of the paraoxonase gene have been implicated as risk factors for atherosclerotic diseases such as coronary artery disease, but individual genetic association studies examining the relationship between the paraoxonase gene polymorphisms and ischaemic stroke have yielded inconsistent results. AIM This study aimed to evaluate the association between the paraoxonase gene variants and ischaemic stroke using systematic review with meta-analysis. METHODS Relevant studies were identified by searching English and Chinese databases extensively. Allele and genotype frequencies for each included study were extracted. The odds ratio was calculated using a random-effects or fixed-effects model. A Q statistic was used to evaluate homogeneity, and Egger's test and funnel plot were used to assess publication bias. RESULTS A total of 28 studies were included and identified for the current meta-analysis. It was found that the R allele or RR genotype of paraoxonase 1 Q192R polymorphism had an increased risk for ischaemic stroke in the general population (192R allele: odds ratio: 1·21, 95% confidence interval: 1·08-1·35, P = 0·0009 and 192RR genotype: odds ratio: 1·25, 95% confidence interval: 1·06-1·49, P = 0·009 in general population, respectively), but there was no significant association between other genetic variants of paraoxonase gene and ischaemic stroke. CONCLUSIONS Existing evidence indicates that the Q192R polymorphism (the R allele and RR genotype) is associated with an increased risk of ischaemic stroke in the general population. Future studies with larger sample sizes will be necessary to confirm the present results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hua Liu
- Department of Neurology, the Second Clinical Medical College of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Paraoxonase 1 polymorphism and prenatal pesticide exposure associated with adverse cardiovascular risk profiles at school age. PLoS One 2012; 7:e36830. [PMID: 22615820 PMCID: PMC3352943 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0036830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2012] [Accepted: 04/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prenatal environmental factors might influence the risk of developing cardiovascular disease later in life. The HDL-associated enzyme paraoxonase 1 (PON1) has anti-oxidative functions that may protect against atherosclerosis. It also hydrolyzes many substrates, including organophosphate pesticides. A common polymorphism, PON1 Q192R, affects both properties, but a potential interaction between PON1 genotype and pesticide exposure on cardiovascular risk factors has not been investigated. We explored if the PON1 Q192R genotype affects cardiovascular risk factors in school-age children prenatally exposed to pesticides. METHODS Pregnant greenhouse-workers were categorized as high, medium, or not exposed to pesticides. Their children underwent a standardized examination at age 6-to-11 years, where blood pressure, skin folds, and other anthropometric parameters were measured. PON1-genotype was determined for 141 children (88 pesticide exposed and 53 unexposed). Serum was analyzed for insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 (IGFBP3), insulin and leptin. Body fat percentage was calculated from skin fold thicknesses. BMI results were converted to age and sex specific Z-scores. RESULTS Prenatally pesticide exposed children carrying the PON1 192R-allele had higher abdominal circumference, body fat content, BMI Z-scores, blood pressure, and serum concentrations of leptin and IGF-I at school age than unexposed children. The effects were related to the prenatal exposure level. For children with the PON1 192QQ genotype, none of the variables was affected by prenatal pesticide exposure. CONCLUSION Our results indicate a gene-environment interaction between prenatal pesticide exposure and the PON1 gene. Only exposed children with the R-allele developed adverse cardiovascular risk profiles thought to be associated with the R-allele.
Collapse
|
28
|
Huang LN, Wang DS, Chen YQ, Li W, Hu FD, Gong BL, Zhao CL, Jia W. Meta-analysis for cyclin E in lung cancer survival. Clin Chim Acta 2012; 413:663-8. [PMID: 22244930 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2011.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2011] [Revised: 12/20/2011] [Accepted: 12/30/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To assess the prognosis value of cyclin E expression in survival of patients with lung cancer (LC), we performed a systematic review of the literature with meta-analysis. METHODS Electronic databases were used to identify published studies before August 2011. Pooled hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence interval (95% CI) was used to estimate the strength of the association of cyclin E expression with survival of LC patients. Heterogeneity and publication bias were also assessed. RESULTS Fourteen studies (2606 cases) were eligible and subjected to analysis. Cyclin E over-expression was found to be a strong predictor of poor prognosis in LC patients (HR: 1.38, 95% CI: 1.07-1.79; P=0.014). When only non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) was considered, the combined HR was 1.53 (95% CI: 1.19-1.97, P=0.001). A significant association was also evident when the analysis was limited to studies involving adenocarcinoma (AD), but not squamous cell carcinoma (SQ). Publication bias was absent. Sensitivity analyses suggested that the summary statistics obtained should approximate the actual average.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li-nian Huang
- Department of Respiration, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Basic Research on Respiratory Disease, Bengbu, Anhui, China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Peng WJ, Pan HF, Tao JH, Wang BX, Lu MM, Wang S, He Q, Wang J. A meta-analysis of the association between cytokine gene polymorphisms and systemic sclerosis. Mod Rheumatol 2011; 22:695-703. [PMID: 22173230 DOI: 10.1007/s10165-011-0574-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2011] [Accepted: 11/21/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
We conducted a comprehensive meta-analysis to quantitatively evaluate the association of cytokine gene polymorphisms with systemic sclerosis (SSc) susceptibility. Electronic databases were used to identify published studies before July 2011. In total, 23 case-control studies including 3524 SSc cases and 6086 healthy controls were included in the meta-analysis. We examined the relationship between five gene polymorphisms [cytotoxic T lymphocyte associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) -1722T/C, CTLA-4 -318C/T, CTLA-4 +49A/G, angiotensin-converting enzyme I/D, STAT-4 rs7574865] and susceptibility to SSc. The combined odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (95% CI) was calculated to estimate the strength of the association in a fixed or random effect model. Heterogeneity and publication bias were also assessed. We found a significant association between SSc and STAT rs7574865 (TT vs. GG: OR 0.44, 95% CI 0.36-0.54; TT vs. TG + GG: OR 0.48, 95% CI 0.39-0.59; TT + TG vs. GG: OR 0.74, 95% CI 0.66-0.83; T vs. G: OR 0.72, 95% CI 0.66-0.79), but there were no other statistically significant associations with other gene polymorphisms. Our study suggested that SSc is associated with STAT gene rs7574865 polymorphism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-jia Peng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Meta-analysis of association between cytokine gene polymorphisms and lung cancer risk. Mol Biol Rep 2011; 39:5187-94. [PMID: 22160576 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-011-1315-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2011] [Accepted: 11/30/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between various cytokine gene polymorphisms and lung cancer (LC) susceptibility. We searched Pubmed, Elsevier Science Direct, China National Knowledge Infrastructure database, Chinese Biomedical database, Google scholar. Totally, 20 studies involving 6,467 cases and 8,320 controls were included in the meta-analysis. The effects of eight polymorphisms, i.e. TNF-α 308G/A, IL-6 174G/C, IL-1β 31T/C, IL-1β 511C/T, COX-2 8473T/C, IL-10 1082G/A, IL-10 819C/T, and IL-10 592C/A were evaluated. The combined odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (95% CI) was calculated to estimate the strength of the association in a fixed or random effect model. Heterogeneity and publication bias were also assessed. We found a significant association between IL-10 polymorphism and LC. For IL-10 1082G/A, the overall ORs (95% CI) of the G versus A, GG versus AA, and GG/GA versus AA were 2.35 (1.16-4.76), 2.07 (1.16-3.70) and 3.17 (1.31-7.68), respectively. For IL-10 819C/T, the pooled ORs (95% CI) of the C versus T and CC versus TT were 1.27 (1.01-1.58) and 2.27 (1.32-3.89). For IL-10 592C/A, the comparison of subjects in the CC or CC/CA genotype versus AA homozygotes showed significant results (OR = 2.00, 95% CI: 1.24-3.23; OR = 1.80, 95% CI: 1.28-2.54). But, other gene polymorphisms did not reach statistical associations. IL-10 1082G/A, 819C/T and 592C/A polymorphisms might be risk factors for LC. TNF-α 308G/A, IL-6 174G/C, IL-1β 31T/C, IL-1β 511C/T, COX-2 8473T/C polymorphisms were not detected to be related to the risk for LC. Due to the limitation of the number of the studies, we should take the conclusion with caution. While, further studies are necessary for more precise association.
Collapse
|
31
|
Lewis JP, Fisch AS, Ryan K, O'Connell JR, Gibson Q, Mitchell BD, Shen H, Tanner K, Horenstein RB, Pakzy R, Tantry US, Bliden KP, Gurbel PA, Shuldiner AR. Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) gene variants are not associated with clopidogrel response. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2011; 90:568-74. [PMID: 21881565 DOI: 10.1038/clpt.2011.194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
A common functional variant in paraoxonase 1 (PON1), Q192R, was recently reported to be a major determinant of clopidogrel response. This variant was genotyped in 566 participants of the Amish Pharmacogenomics of Anti-Platelet Intervention (PAPI) study and in 227 percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) patients. Serum paraoxonase activity was measured in a subset of 79 PAPI participants. PON1 Q192R was not associated with pre- or post-clopidogrel platelet aggregation in the PAPI study (P = 0.16 and P = 0.21, respectively) or the PCI cohort (P = 0.47 and P = 0.91, respectively). The Q192 allele was not associated with cardiovascular events (hazard ratio (HR) 0.46, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.20-1.06; P = 0.07). No correlation was observed between paraoxonase activity and post-clopidogrel platelet aggregation (r(2) < 0.01, P = 0.78). None of 49 additional PON1 variants evaluated was associated with post-clopidogrel platelet aggregation. These findings do not support a role for PON1 as a determinant of clopidogrel response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J P Lewis
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Riedmaier S, Klein K, Winter S, Hofmann U, Schwab M, Zanger UM. Paraoxonase (PON1 and PON3) Polymorphisms: Impact on Liver Expression and Atorvastatin-Lactone Hydrolysis. Front Pharmacol 2011; 2:41. [PMID: 21852972 PMCID: PMC3147178 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2011.00041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2011] [Accepted: 07/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Atorvastatin δ-lactone, a major, pharmacologically inactive metabolite, has been associated with toxicity. In a previous study we showed that polymorphisms of UGT1A3 influence atorvastatin δ-lactone formation. Here we investigated the reverse reaction, atorvastatin δ-lactone hydrolysis, in a human liver bank. Screening of microarray data revealed paraoxonases PON1 and PON3 among 17 candidate esterases. Microsomal δ-lactone hydrolysis was significantly correlated to PON1 and PON3 protein (r(s) = 0.60; r(s) = 0.62, respectively; P < 0.0001). PON1 and PON3 were strongly correlated to each other (r(s) = 0.60) but PON1 was shown to be more extensively glycosylated than PON3. In addition a novel splice-variant of PON3 was identified. Genotyping of 40 polymorphisms within the PON-locus identified PON1 promoter polymorphisms (-108T > C, -832G > A, -1741G > A) and a tightly linked group of PON3 polymorphisms (-4984A > G, -4105G > A, -1091A > G, -746C > T, and F21F) to be associated with changes in atorvastatin δ-lactone hydrolysis and expression of PON1 but not PON3. However, carriers of the common PON1 polymorphisms L55M or Q192R showed no difference in δ-lactone hydrolysis or PON expression. Haplotype analysis revealed decreased δ-lactone hydrolysis in carriers of the most common haplotype *1 compared to carriers of haplotypes *2, *3, *4, and *7. Analysis of non-genetic factors showed association of hepatocellular and cholangiocellular carcinoma with decreased PON1 and PON3 expression, respectively. Increased C-reactive protein and γ-glutamyl transferase levels were associated with decreased protein expression of both enzymes, and increased bilirubin levels, cholestasis, and presurgical exposure to omeprazole or pantoprazole were related to decreased PON3 protein. In conclusion, PON-locus polymorphisms affect PON1 expression whereas non-genetic factors have an effect on PON1 and PON3 expression. This may influence response to therapy or adverse events in statin treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Riedmaier
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Tuebingen Stuttgart, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|