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Castillo NA, James WR, Santos RO, Rezek R, Cerveny D, Boucek RE, Adams AJ, Goldberg T, Campbell L, Perez AU, Schmitter-Soto JJ, Lewis JP, Fick J, Brodin T, Rehage JS. Understanding pharmaceutical exposure and the potential for effects in marine biota: A survey of bonefish (Albula vulpes) across the Caribbean Basin. Chemosphere 2024; 349:140949. [PMID: 38096990 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
Most research on pharmaceutical presence in the environment to date has focused on smaller scale assessments of freshwater and riverine systems, relying mainly on assays of water samples, while studies in marine ecosystems and of exposed biota are sparse. This study investigated the pharmaceutical burden in bonefish (Albula vulpes), an important recreational and artisanal fishery, to quantify pharmaceutical exposure throughout the Caribbean Basin. We sampled 74 bonefish from five regions, and analyzed them for 102 pharmaceuticals. We assessed the influence of sampling region on the number of pharmaceuticals, pharmaceutical assemblage, and risk of pharmacological effects. To evaluate the risk of pharmacological effects at the scale of the individual, we proposed a metric based on the human therapeutic plasma concentration (HTPC), comparing measured concentrations to a threshold of 1/3 the HTPC for each pharmaceutical. Every bonefish had at least one pharmaceutical, with an average of 4.9 and a maximum of 16 pharmaceuticals in one individual. At least one pharmaceutical was detected in exceedance of the 1/3 HTPC threshold in 39% of bonefish, with an average of 0.6 and a maximum of 11 pharmaceuticals exceeding in a Key West individual. The number of pharmaceuticals (49 detected in total) differed across regions, but the risk of pharmacological effects did not (23 pharmaceuticals exceeded the 1/3 HTPC threshold). The most common pharmaceuticals were venlafaxine (43 bonefish), atenolol (36), naloxone (27), codeine (27), and trimethoprim (24). Findings suggest that pharmaceutical detections and concentration may be independent, emphasizing the need to monitor risk to biota regardless of exposure diversity, and to focus on risk quantified at the individual level. This study supports the widespread presence of pharmaceuticals in marine systems and shows the utility of applying the HTPC to assess the potential for pharmacological effects, and thus quantify impact of exposure at large spatial scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- N A Castillo
- Earth and Environment Department, Institute of Environment, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA.
| | - W R James
- Earth and Environment Department, Institute of Environment, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA; Department of Biology, Institute of Environment, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - R O Santos
- Department of Biology, Institute of Environment, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - R Rezek
- Department of Marine Science, Coastal Carolina University, Conway, SC, USA
| | - D Cerveny
- Department of Wildlife, Fish and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden; Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - R E Boucek
- Bonefish and Tarpon Trust, Miami, FL, USA
| | - A J Adams
- Bonefish and Tarpon Trust, Miami, FL, USA; Florida Atlantic University Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute, Fort Pierce, FL, USA
| | - T Goldberg
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - L Campbell
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - A U Perez
- Bonefish and Tarpon Trust, Miami, FL, USA
| | - J J Schmitter-Soto
- Departmento de Sistemática y Ecología Acuática, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Chetumal, Mexico
| | - J P Lewis
- Bonefish and Tarpon Trust, Miami, FL, USA
| | - J Fick
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - T Brodin
- Department of Wildlife, Fish and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - J S Rehage
- Earth and Environment Department, Institute of Environment, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
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Lewis JP, Ryves DB, Rasmussen P, Olsen J, van der Sluis LG, Reimer PJ, Knudsen KL, McGowan S, Anderson NJ, Juggins S. Reply to "Marine abundance and its prehistoric past in the Baltic". Nat Commun 2022; 13:2824. [PMID: 35595731 PMCID: PMC9123011 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30151-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J P Lewis
- Geography and Environment, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK.
| | - D B Ryves
- Geography and Environment, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - P Rasmussen
- Environmental Archaeology and Materials Science, National Museum of Denmark, Brede Værk, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - J Olsen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - L G van der Sluis
- School of Natural and Built Environment, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - P J Reimer
- School of Natural and Built Environment, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - K-L Knudsen
- Department of Earth Science, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - S McGowan
- School of Geography, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherland Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - N J Anderson
- Geography and Environment, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - S Juggins
- School of Geography, Politics and Sociology, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Lewis JP, Ryves DB, Rasmussen P, Olsen J, van der Sluis LG, Reimer PJ, Knudsen KL, McGowan S, Anderson NJ, Juggins S. Marine resource abundance drove pre-agricultural population increase in Stone Age Scandinavia. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2006. [PMID: 32332739 PMCID: PMC7181652 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15621-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
How climate and ecology affect key cultural transformations remains debated in the context of long-term socio-cultural development because of spatially and temporally disjunct climate and archaeological records. The introduction of agriculture triggered a major population increase across Europe. However, in Southern Scandinavia it was preceded by ~500 years of sustained population growth. Here we show that this growth was driven by long-term enhanced marine production conditioned by the Holocene Thermal Maximum, a time of elevated temperature, sea level and salinity across coastal waters. We identify two periods of increased marine production across trophic levels (P1 7600–7100 and P2 6400–5900 cal. yr BP) that coincide with markedly increased mollusc collection and accumulation of shell middens, indicating greater marine resource availability. Between ~7600–5900 BP, intense exploitation of a warmer, more productive marine environment by Mesolithic hunter-gatherers drove cultural development, including maritime technological innovation, and from ca. 6400–5900 BP, underpinned a ~four-fold human population growth. How the development of human societies is influenced through their ecological environment and climatic conditions has been the subject of intensive debate. Here, the authors present multi-proxy data from southern Scandinavia which suggests that pre-agricultural population growth there was likely influenced by enhanced marine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Lewis
- Geography and Environment, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK.
| | - D B Ryves
- Geography and Environment, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK
| | - P Rasmussen
- Environmental Archaeology and Materials Science, National Museum of Denmark, Brede Værk, I.C. Modewegsvej, DK-2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - J Olsen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 120, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - L G van der Sluis
- School of Natural and Built Environment, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT7 1NN, UK
| | - P J Reimer
- School of Natural and Built Environment, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT7 1NN, UK
| | - K-L Knudsen
- Department of Earth Science, Aarhus University, Høegh-Guldbergs Gade 2, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - S McGowan
- School of Geography, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RG, UK
| | - N J Anderson
- Geography and Environment, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK
| | - S Juggins
- School of Geography, Politics and Sociology, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
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Lewis JP, Goins T. INTEREST GROUP SESSION - INDIGENOUS PEOPLES AND AGING: HEALTH BEHAVIORS AMONG INDIGENOUS OLDER ADULTS. Innov Aging 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igy023.629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J P Lewis
- University of Alaska Anchorage, Anchorage, Alaska
| | - T Goins
- Western Carolina University, Cullowhee, North Carolina
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Lewis JP, Patterson WF, Carlson JK. Natural variability and effects of cleaning and storage procedures on vertebral chemistry of the blacktip shark Carcharhinus limbatus. J Fish Biol 2017; 91:1284-1300. [PMID: 29023719 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Key methodological assumptions regarding the degree of natural variability and influence of sample handling and storage of elasmobranch vertebral chemistry were assessed using laser-ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Vertebral chemistry of juvenile blacktip sharks Carcharhinus limbatus was examined to identify whether differences existed among different regions of the vertebral column, between thoracic vertebrae of individual fish or within individual vertebrae. Additionally, the effects of bleach exposure and storage in ethanol on vertebral chemistry were compared. No significant variation in vertebral chemistry was found among different regions of the vertebral column or between thoracic vertebrae, but significant differences among transect locations within individual vertebrae were observed. The variation at all three levels appears comparable with published data on sagittal otoliths of bilaterally symmetrical teleost fishes. The experimental assessment of potential treatment effects indicated vertebral chemistry was not significantly affected by bleach or exposure to ethanol. Taken together, these results support the idea that vertebrae taken from the same region of the vertebral column can be treated as equivalent and at least certain elements remain robust to exposure to bleach and ethanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Lewis
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of South Alabama, 307 N. University Blvd, Mobile, AL, 36608, U.S.A
- Dauphin Island Sea Lab, 101 Bienville Blvd., Dauphin Island, AL, 36528, U.S.A
| | - W F Patterson
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of South Alabama, 307 N. University Blvd, Mobile, AL, 36608, U.S.A
- Dauphin Island Sea Lab, 101 Bienville Blvd., Dauphin Island, AL, 36528, U.S.A
| | - J K Carlson
- National Marine Fisheries Service, Southeast Fisheries Science Center, Panama City Laboratory, 3500 Delwood Beach Road, Panama City, FL, 32408, U.S.A
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Chevis MG, Godley BJ, Lewis JP, Jackson Lewis J, Scales KL, Graham RT. Movement patterns of juvenile hawksbill turtles Eretmochelys imbricata at a Caribbean coral atoll: long-term tracking using passive acoustic telemetry. ENDANGER SPECIES RES 2017. [DOI: 10.3354/esr00812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Backman JD, Yerges-Armstrong LM, Horenstein RB, Newcomer S, Shaub S, Morrisey M, Donnelly P, Drolet M, Tanner K, Pavlovich MA, O'Connell JR, Mitchell BD, Lewis JP. Prospective Evaluation of Genetic Variation in Platelet Endothelial Aggregation Receptor 1 Reveals Aspirin-Dependent Effects on Platelet Aggregation Pathways. Clin Transl Sci 2017; 10:102-109. [PMID: 28075528 PMCID: PMC5355965 DOI: 10.1111/cts.12438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic variation in the platelet endothelial aggregation receptor 1 (PEAR1) gene, most notably rs12041331, is implicated in altered on‐aspirin platelet aggregation and increased cardiovascular event risk. We prospectively tested the effects of aspirin administration at commonly prescribed doses (81, 162, and 324 mg/day) on agonist‐induced platelet aggregation by rs12041331 genotype in 67 healthy individuals. Prior to aspirin administration, rs12041331 minor allele carriers had significantly reduced adenosine diphosphate (ADP)‐induced platelet aggregation compared with noncarriers (P = 0.03) but was not associated with other platelet pathways. In contrast, rs12041331 was significantly associated with on‐aspirin platelet aggregation when collagen and epinephrine were used to stimulate platelet aggregation (P < 0.05 for all associations), but not ADP. The influence of PEAR1 rs12041331 on platelet aggregation is pathway‐specific and is altered by aspirin at therapeutic doses, but not in a dose‐dependent manner. Additional studies are needed to determine the impact of PEAR1 on cardiovascular events in aspirin‐treated patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Backman
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, and Program for Personalized and Genomic Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - L M Yerges-Armstrong
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, and Program for Personalized and Genomic Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - R B Horenstein
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, and Program for Personalized and Genomic Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - S Newcomer
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, and Program for Personalized and Genomic Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - S Shaub
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, and Program for Personalized and Genomic Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - M Morrisey
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, and Program for Personalized and Genomic Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - P Donnelly
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, and Program for Personalized and Genomic Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - M Drolet
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, and Program for Personalized and Genomic Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - K Tanner
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, and Program for Personalized and Genomic Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - M A Pavlovich
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, and Program for Personalized and Genomic Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - J R O'Connell
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, and Program for Personalized and Genomic Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - B D Mitchell
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, and Program for Personalized and Genomic Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Geriatrics Research and Education Clinical Center, Baltimore Veterans Administration Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - J P Lewis
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, and Program for Personalized and Genomic Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Lewis JP, Shuldiner AR. Clopidogrel pharmacogenetics: Beyond candidate genes and genome-wide association studies. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2016; 101:323-325. [PMID: 27649515 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
While it is well established that genetic variation is a significant contributor to interindividual variability in clopidogrel efficacy, candidate gene and genome-wide approaches have failed to reproducibly identify genetic determinants of antiplatelet response, apart from variants in CYP2C19, prompting the need for more innovative study designs. Herein, we highlight the potential benefit of exome sequencing of patients at the extremes of clopidogrel responsivity through examination of data reported in this issue of Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Lewis
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Program in Personalized and Genomic Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - A R Shuldiner
- Program in Personalized and Genomic Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Samant S, Jiang XL, Peletier LA, Shuldiner AR, Horenstein RB, Lewis JP, Lesko LJ, Schmidt S. Identifying clinically relevant sources of variability: The clopidogrel challenge. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2016; 101:264-273. [DOI: 10.1002/cpt.459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Revised: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Samant
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Center for Pharmacometrics and Systems Pharmacology; University of Florida at Lake Nona; Orlando Florida USA
| | - XL Jiang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Center for Pharmacometrics and Systems Pharmacology; University of Florida at Lake Nona; Orlando Florida USA
| | - LA Peletier
- Mathematical Institute; Leiden University; PB 9512 2300 RA Leiden The Netherlands
| | - AR Shuldiner
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition; University of Maryland School of Medicine; Baltimore Maryland USA
| | - RB Horenstein
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition; University of Maryland School of Medicine; Baltimore Maryland USA
| | - JP Lewis
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition; University of Maryland School of Medicine; Baltimore Maryland USA
| | - LJ Lesko
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Center for Pharmacometrics and Systems Pharmacology; University of Florida at Lake Nona; Orlando Florida USA
| | - S Schmidt
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Center for Pharmacometrics and Systems Pharmacology; University of Florida at Lake Nona; Orlando Florida USA
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10
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Lewis JP. Book Review: Inside God's Shed: Memoirs of an Intensive Care Specialist. Anaesth Intensive Care 2015. [DOI: 10.1177/0310057x1504300623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Barberis IM, Pire EF, Lewis JP. Spatial heterogeneity and woody species distribution in a Schinopsis balansae (Anacardiaceae) forest of the Southern Chaco, Argentina. REV BIOL TROP 2015. [DOI: 10.15517/rbt.v46i3.19720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
El objeto de esle trabfljo es analizarla ,heterogeneidad espacial de un bosque de Schinopsis balansae ("Quebrachal") cerca de Vera (Santa Fe, Argentina) y establecer sí ,hay correlaCión entre la distribución de las especies leñosas y los factores ambient,ales.Este tipo de bosque es la comunidad vegetal más importante de la Cuña Boscosa. de Santa Fe, que es la. porción más austral del Chaco Oriental. En un stand, parcialmente recuperado se instalaron 32 parcelas contiguas de 10 x 10 m a lo largo de dos transectas. Se cartografiaron todos los individuos de las distintas especies de leñosas, así como los distintos micrositios caracterizados por el microrelieve, humedad del suelo y presencia de bromeliáceas terrestres. El 54% del suelo es plano, la mitad del cual es barroso o está .frecuentemente inundado, y algo más del JI % es cóncavo y está casi siempre inundado, La mayor parte de las leñosas crecen en micro sitios bien drenados mientras ,que en suelos ,muy húmedos solamente crecen Geoffroea decorticans, Prosopis spp. y S. balansae, Los resultados obtenidos sugieren que la heterogeneidad del suelo, (microrrelieve y humedad) es el factor más importante que determina la distribuc:ión de las especies leñosas sobre el terreno.
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DeNardo GL, DeNardo SJ, O�Grady LF, Mills SL, Lewis JP, Macey DJ. Radiation Treatment of B Cell Malignancies with Immunoconjugate. The Present and Future Role of Monoclonal Antibodies in the Management of Cancer 2015. [DOI: 10.1159/000417785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Abstract
Although iron under anaerobic conditions is more accessible and highly reactive because of its reduced form, iron-dependent regulation is not well known in anaerobic bacteria. Here, we investigated iron- and hemin-dependent gene regulation in Porphyromonas gingivalis, an established periodontopathogen that primarily inhabits anaerobic pockets. Whole-genome microarrays of P. gingivalis genes were used to compare the levels of gene expression under iron-replete and iron-depleted conditions as well as under hemin-replete and hemin-depleted conditions. Under iron-depleted conditions, the expression of genes encoding proteins that participate in iron uptake and adhesion/invasion of host cells was increased, while that of genes encoding proteins involved in iron storage, energy metabolism, and electron transport was decreased. Interestingly, many of the genes with altered expression had no known function. Limiting the amount of hemin also resulted in a reduced expression of the genes encoding proteins involved in energy metabolism and electron transport. However, hemin also had a significant effect on many other biological processes such as oxidative stress protection and lipopolysaccharide synthesis. Overall, comparison of the data from iron-depleted conditions to those from hemin-depleted ones showed that although some regulation is through the iron derived from hemin, there also is significant distinct regulation through hemin only. Furthermore, our data showed that the molecular mechanisms of iron-dependent regulation are novel as the deletion of the putative Fur protein had no effect on the expression of iron-regulated genes. Finally, our functional studies demonstrated greater survivability of host cells in the presence of the iron-stressed bacterium than the iron-replete P. gingivalis cells. The major iron-regulated proteins encoded by PG1019-20 may play a role in this process as deletion of these sequences also resulted in reduced survival of the bacterium when grown with eukaryotic cells. Taken together, the results of this study demonstrated the utility of whole-genome microarray analysis for the identification of genes with altered expression profiles during varying growth conditions and provided a framework for the detailed analysis of the molecular mechanisms of iron and hemin acquisition, metabolism and virulence of P. gingivalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Anaya-Bergman
- Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
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Lewis JP, Stephens SH, Horenstein RB, O'Connell JR, Ryan K, Peer CJ, Figg WD, Spencer SD, Pacanowski MA, Mitchell BD, Shuldiner AR. The CYP2C19*17 variant is not independently associated with clopidogrel response. J Thromb Haemost 2013; 11:1640-6. [PMID: 23809542 PMCID: PMC3773276 DOI: 10.1111/jth.12342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2013] [Accepted: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cytochrome P450 2C19 (CYP2C19) is the principal enzyme responsible for converting clopidogrel into its active metabolite, and common genetic variants have been identified, most notably CYP2C19*2 and CYP2C19*17, that are believed to alter its activity and expression, respectively. OBJECTIVE We evaluated whether the consequences of the CYP2C19*2 and CYP2C19*17 variants on clopidogrel response were independent of each other or genetically linked through linkage disequilibrium (LD). PATIENTS/METHODS We genotyped the CYP2C19*2 and CYP2C19*17 variants in 621 members of the Pharmacogenomics of Anti-Platelet Intervention (PAPI) Study and evaluated the effects of these polymorphisms singly and then jointly, taking into account LD, on clopidogrel prodrug level, clopidogrel active metabolite level, and adenosine 5'-diphosphate (ADP)-stimulated platelet aggregation before and after clopidogrel exposure. RESULTS The CYP2C19*2 and CYP2C19*17 variants were in LD (|D'| = 1.0; r(2) = 0.07). In association analyses that did and did not account for the effects of CYP2C19*17, CYP2C19*2 was strongly associated with levels of clopidogrel active metabolite (β = -5.24, P = 3.0 × 10(-9) and β = -5.36, P = 3.3 × 10(-14) , respectively) and posttreatment ADP-stimulated platelet aggregation (β = 7.55, P = 2.9 × 10(-16) and β = 7.51, P = 7.0 × 10(-15) , respectively). In contrast, CYP2C19*17 was marginally associated with clopidogrel active metabolite levels and ADP-stimulated platelet aggregation before (β = 1.57, P = 0.04 and β = -1.98, P = 0.01, respectively) but not after (β = 0.40, P = 0.59 and β = -0.13, P = 0.69, respectively) adjustment for the CYP2C19*2 variant. Stratified analyses of CYP2C19*2/CYP2C19*17 genotype combinations revealed that CYP2C19*2, and not CYP2C19*17, was the primary determinant in altering clopidogrel response. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that CYP2C19*17 has a small (if any) effect on clopidogrel-related traits and that the observed effect of this variant is due to LD with the CYP2C19*2 loss-of-function variant.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Lewis
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition and Program in Personalized and Genomic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Lewis JP. Book Review: Civetta, Taylor and Kirby's Manual of Critical Care. Anaesth Intensive Care 2013. [DOI: 10.1177/0310057x1304100219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Haycock BJ, Trabada DG, Ortega J, O'Mahony JD, Lewis JP. Metallization of the potassium overlayer on the β-SiC(100) c(4 × 2) surface. J Phys Condens Matter 2012; 24:485001. [PMID: 23086310 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/24/48/485001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We present new data on the potassium-induced semiconducting to metallic transition of the silicon-terminated β-SiC(100) c(4 × 2) surface, resulting from density functional theory simulations. We have analysed many different SiC(100)-K surface topologies, corresponding to K coverages ranging from 0.08 to 1.25 monolayers (ML), paying special attention to the 2/3 ML and 1 ML cases where a metal-insulator transition has been reported to occur. We find that the SiC(100)-K surface is metallic in all the cases. In spite of that, the potassium layer shows a very low density of states in the semiconductor gap up to potassium coverages of ~1 ML, beyond which the potassium layer undergoes a transition to metallic behaviour, explaining the experimental observation. We propose a new atomic model for the surface reconstruction of the 1 ML case which is lower in total energy than the previously suggested model based on linear potassium chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry J Haycock
- School of Physics, Dublin Institute of Technology, Dublin 2, Ireland.
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Yanamandra SS, Sarrafee SS, Anaya-Bergman C, Jones K, Lewis JP. Role of the Porphyromonas gingivalis extracytoplasmic function sigma factor, SigH. Mol Oral Microbiol 2012; 27:202-19. [PMID: 22520389 DOI: 10.1111/j.2041-1014.2012.00643.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Little is known about the regulatory mechanisms that allow Porphyromonas gingivalis to survive in the oral cavity. Here we characterize the sigma (σ) factor SigH, one of six extracytoplasmic function (ECF) σ factors encoded in the P. gingivalis genome. Our results indicate that sigH expression is upregulated by exposure to molecular oxygen, suggesting that sigH plays a role in adaptation of P. gingivalis to oxygen. Furthermore, several genes involved in oxidative stress protection, such as sod, trx, tpx, ftn, feoB2 and the hemin uptake hmu locus, are downregulated in a mutant deficient in SigH designated as V2948. ECF σ consensus sequences were identified upstream of the transcriptional start sites of these genes, consistent with the SigH-dependent regulation of these genes. Growth of V2948 was inhibited in the presence of 6% oxygen when compared with the wild-type W83 strain, whereas in anaerobic conditions both strains were able to grow. In addition, reduced growth of V2948 was observed in the presence of peroxide and the thiol-oxidizing reagent diamide when compared with the W83 strain. The SigH-deficient strain V2948 also exhibited reduced hemin uptake, consistent with the observed reduced expression of genes involved in hemin uptake. Finally, survival of V2948 was reduced in the presence of host cells compared with the wild-type W83 strain. Collectively, our studies demonstrate that SigH is a positive regulator of gene expression required for survival of the bacterium in the presence of oxygen and oxidative stress, hemin uptake and virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Yanamandra
- The Philips Institute of Oral and Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-0566, USA
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Johnson JA, Cavallari LH, Beitelshees AL, Lewis JP, Shuldiner AR, Roden DM. Pharmacogenomics: application to the management of cardiovascular disease. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2011; 90:519-31. [PMID: 21918509 PMCID: PMC3190669 DOI: 10.1038/clpt.2011.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The past decade has seen substantial advances in cardiovascular pharmacogenomics. Genetic determinants of response to clopidogrel and warfarin have been defined, resulting in changes to the product labels for these drugs that suggest the use of genetic information as a guide for therapy. Genetic tests are available, as are guidelines for incorporation of genetic information into patient-care decisions. These guidelines and the literature supporting them are reviewed herein. Significant advances have also been made in the pharmacogenomics of statin-induced myopathy and the response to β-blockers in heart failure, although the clinical applications of these findings are less clear. Other areas hold promise, including the pharmacogenomics of antihypertensive drugs, aspirin, and drug-induced long-QT syndrome (diLQTS). The potential value of pharmacogenomics in the discovery and development of new drugs is also described. In summary, pharmacogenomics has current applications in the management of cardiovascular disease, with clinically relevant data continuing to mount.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Johnson
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research and Center for Pharmacogenomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
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Lewis JP, Fisch AS, Ryan K, O'Connell JR, Gibson Q, Mitchell BD, Shen H, Tanner K, Horenstein RB, Pakzy R, Tantry US, Bliden KP, Gurbel PA, Shuldiner AR. Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) gene variants are not associated with clopidogrel response. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2011; 90:568-74. [PMID: 21881565 DOI: 10.1038/clpt.2011.194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
A common functional variant in paraoxonase 1 (PON1), Q192R, was recently reported to be a major determinant of clopidogrel response. This variant was genotyped in 566 participants of the Amish Pharmacogenomics of Anti-Platelet Intervention (PAPI) study and in 227 percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) patients. Serum paraoxonase activity was measured in a subset of 79 PAPI participants. PON1 Q192R was not associated with pre- or post-clopidogrel platelet aggregation in the PAPI study (P = 0.16 and P = 0.21, respectively) or the PCI cohort (P = 0.47 and P = 0.91, respectively). The Q192 allele was not associated with cardiovascular events (hazard ratio (HR) 0.46, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.20-1.06; P = 0.07). No correlation was observed between paraoxonase activity and post-clopidogrel platelet aggregation (r(2) < 0.01, P = 0.78). None of 49 additional PON1 variants evaluated was associated with post-clopidogrel platelet aggregation. These findings do not support a role for PON1 as a determinant of clopidogrel response.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Lewis
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Rhee T, Lewis JP, Neumann U, Nayak KS. Scan-based volume animation driven by locally adaptive articulated registrations. IEEE Trans Vis Comput Graph 2011; 17:368-379. [PMID: 21233517 DOI: 10.1109/tvcg.2010.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes a complete system to create anatomically accurate example-based volume deformation and animation of articulated body regions, starting from multiple in vivo volume scans of a specific individual. In order to solve the correspondence problem across volume scans, a template volume is registered to each sample. The wide range of pose variations is first approximated by volume blend deformation (VBD), providing proper initialization of the articulated subject in different poses. A novel registration method is presented to efficiently reduce the computation cost while avoiding strong local minima inherent in complex articulated body volume registration. The algorithm highly constrains the degrees of freedom and search space involved in the nonlinear optimization, using hierarchical volume structures and locally constrained deformation based on the biharmonic clamped spline. Our registration step establishes a correspondence across scans, allowing a data-driven deformation approach in the volume domain. The results provide an occlusion-free person-specific 3D human body model, asymptotically accurate inner tissue deformations, and realistic volume animation of articulated movements driven by standard joint control estimated from the actual skeleton. Our approach also addresses the practical issues arising in using scans from living subjects. The robustness of our algorithms is tested by their applications on the hand, probably the most complex articulated region in the body, and the knee, a frequent subject area for medical imaging due to injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taehyun Rhee
- 3D Graphics & VR Group, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., San 14-1, NongSeo-dong, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyenggi-do 446-712, South Korea.
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Abstract
This paper introduces a simple direct manipulation algorithm for the popular blendshape facial animation approach. As is the case for body animation, direct manipulation of blendshape models is an inverse problem: when a single vertex is moved, the system must infer the movement of other points. The key to solving the inverse problem is the observation that the blendshape sliders are a semantic parameterization -- the corresponding blendshape targets have clear, interpretable functions. Distance in "slider space'' is easily computed and provides the necessary regularization for the inverse problem: The change in semantic position is minimized subject to interpolating the artist's direct manipulations. We give empirical and mathematical demonstrations that a single direct manipulation edit is often the equivalent of multiple slider edits, but the converse is also true, confirming the principle that both editing modes should be supported.
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Lewis JP. Book Review: Manual of Emergency and Critical Care Ultrasound. Anaesth Intensive Care 2009. [DOI: 10.1177/0310057x0903700125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Bento JL, Palmer ND, Zhong M, Roh B, Lewis JP, Wing MR, Pandya H, Freedman BI, Langefeld CD, Rich SS, Bowden DW, Mychaleckyj JC. Heterogeneity in gene loci associated with type 2 diabetes on human chromosome 20q13.1. Genomics 2008; 92:226-34. [PMID: 18602983 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2008.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2008] [Revised: 04/11/2008] [Accepted: 06/04/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Human chromosome 20q12-q13.1 has been linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in multiple studies. We screened a 5.795-Mb region for diabetes-related susceptibility genes in a Caucasian cohort of 310 controls and 300 cases with T2DM and end-stage renal disease (ESRD), testing 390 SNPs for association with T2DM-ESRD. The most significant SNPs were found in the perigenic regions: HNF4A (hepatocyte nuclear factor 4alpha), SLC12A5 (potassium-chloride cotransporter member 5), CDH22 (cadherin-like 22), ELMO2 (engulfment and cell motility 2), SLC13A3 (sodium-dependent dicarboxylate transporter member 3), and PREX1 (phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-triphosphate-dependent RAC exchanger 1). Haplotype analysis found six haplotype blocks globally associated with disease (p<0.05). We replicated the PREX1 SNP association in an independent case-control T2DM population and inferred replication of CDH22, ELMO2, SLC13A3, SLC12A5, and PREX1 using in silico perigenic analysis of two T2DM Genome-Wide Association Study data sets. We found substantial heterogeneity between study results.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Bento
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
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Rhee T, Lewis JP, Neumann U, Nayak K. Creating an animatable 3D volume hand model from in vivo MRI. Stud Health Technol Inform 2008; 132:402-407. [PMID: 18391330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Volume graphics has obvious benefits to medical visualization, since it represents the complete 3D information of both surface appearance and the underlying anatomical structures. This study presents an approach to rapidly creating an animatable 3D volume from in vivo human hand MRI scans. The result is a fully articulated hand volume driven by intuitive joint control that respects rigid deformation of the bone structures and produces smooth deformations of both the skin surface and the interior soft tissue regions. While the method can potentially be applied to any articulated body region, the human hand is chosen to illustrate the process, both due to its intrinsic interest in medical applications and because of the large number of degrees of freedom and challenging anatomy of the hand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taehyun Rhee
- Dept. of Computer Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
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Abstract
Many deaths among patients treated in intensive care units (ICUs) occur following the withdrawal or withholding of life support. Following limitation of life support, most of these patients die in the ICU or ward after the decision to limit life support is made, although some may survive to hospital discharge. This study described the characteristics of patients who had life support limitations in ICU and their subsequent in-hospital and out-of-hospital survival using linked data from the state's death registry. Among 26,019 ICU admissions between 1987 and 2002 there were 396 patients (1.5%) who had life support limitations. The hospital mortality of the patients who had life support limitations was 97.7% and this accounted for 16.2% of the hospital mortality of all ICU admissions. Of the 396 patients who had life support limitations, 315 patients (79.5%) died in the ICU, 72 patients (18.2%) died in the wards and nine patients (2.3%) were discharged from hospital. Of these nine patients who survived to hospital discharge, four died within 10 days of hospital discharge and a further two died within six months. There were two patients, both with significant neurological disabilities at hospital discharge, who survived for longer than three years after hospital discharge. Long-term survival in critically ill patients who had life support limitations was very rare in this ICU.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Lewis
- Intensive Care Unit, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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Abstract
Self-assembling cyclic D,L-peptide nanotubes are electronically insulating and possess wide band gaps (E(g) > 4 eV). Our ab initio electronic structure calculations indicate that the presence of aromatic rings in the side chain of peptide nanotubes significantly reduces the band gap. We investigate the conductivity of the modified peptide nanotubes through calculations of the electron tunneling probability. The electron tunneling probability through a molecule depends on the length of the molecule, L, as e-beta(E)L, where the tunneling beta(E)-factor is strongly energy-dependent. We have calculated beta(E) in three types of peptide nanotubes that have different sequences of amino acid residue, (L-Gln, D-Ala)(4), (L-Gln, D-Leu)(4) and (L-Gln, D-Phe)(4), using the complex band structure approach. We find large beta values near midgap, making these peptide nanotubes a poor tunneling conductor.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Takahashi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, USA
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Lewis JP, Farnes MP, Albala M, Trobaugh FE. TRANSPLANTATION POTENTIAL OF FRESH AND STORED HEMATOPOIETIC TISSUE AS ESTIMATED BY STANDARD IN VITRO TECHNIQUES*. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2006. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1964.tb53623.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Deng Z, Neumann U, Lewis JP, Kim TY, Bulut M, Narayanan S. Expressive facial animation synthesis by learning speech coarticulation and expression spaces. IEEE Trans Vis Comput Graph 2006; 12:1523-34. [PMID: 17073374 DOI: 10.1109/tvcg.2006.90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Synthesizing expressive facial animation is a very challenging topic within the graphics community. In this paper, we present an expressive facial animation synthesis system enabled by automated learning from facial motion capture data. Accurate 3D motions of the markers on the face of a human subject are captured while he/she recites a predesigned corpus, with specific spoken and visual expressions. We present a novel motion capture mining technique that "learns" speech coarticulation models for diphones and triphones from the recorded data. A Phoneme-Independent Expression Eigenspace (PIEES) that encloses the dynamic expression signals is constructed by motion signal processing (phoneme-based time-warping and subtraction) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) reduction. New expressive facial animations are synthesized as follows: First, the learned coarticulation models are concatenated to synthesize neutral visual speech according to novel speech input, then a texture-synthesis-based approach is used to generate a novel dynamic expression signal from the PIEES model, and finally the synthesized expression signal is blended with the synthesized neutral visual speech to create the final expressive facial animation. Our experiments demonstrate that the system can effectively synthesize realistic expressive facial animation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Deng
- Department of Computer Science, University of Houston, TX 77004, USA.
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Bruque N, Pandey RR, Lake RK, Wang H, Lewis JP. Electronic transport through a CNT-Pseudopeptide-CNT hybrid material. Molecular Simulation 2005. [DOI: 10.1080/08927020500323879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Hatch DM, Stokes HT, Gunter J, Dong JJ, Lewis JP. General method for determining atomic pathways in reconstructive phase transitions: SiC and GaN. Acta Crystallogr A 2005. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767305086162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Deng
- Computer Science Department, University of Southern California, USA.
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Lewis JP. The Breast Cancer Continuum: insights from the tamoxifen trials impact future drug development strategies. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2001; 949:327-32. [PMID: 11795371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
The Breast Cancer Continuum includes women at high risk, as in the Breast Cancer Prevention Trial; those with a history of atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH) or lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS); women with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS); those with <1 cm invasive disease or node-negative or node-positive disease; and those at risk of developing contralateral breast cancer. Women in all these categories benefit from therapeutic intervention with tamoxifen because each clinical state is associated with a certain probability of having early undiagnosed invasive breast cancer responsive to tamoxifen. This framework, relating these disorders to each other through their 5-year incidence of developing invasive breast cancer, leads to important conclusions relative to pharmaceutical drug development strategies, including chemoprevention investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Lewis
- AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals, Wilmington, Delaware 19850, USA.
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Lewis JP, Stofella SL, Feldman SR. Monk's tonsure-like gaps in the tussock grass Spartina argentinensis (Gramineae). REV BIOL TROP 2001; 49:313-6. [PMID: 11795161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Monk's tonsure-like gaps develop inside gramineans and other plants. The tonsures of Spartina argentinensis originate as a result of tussock development and disturbance. As the tonsure develops the ring of tillers around it breaks down and new tussocks develop from the fragments, regenerating the grassland matrix vegetatively. The microenvironment inside the tonsure is different from the surroundings and microhabitat-specific taxa grow there.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Lewis
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, CC 14, 2123 Zavalla, Argentina
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Carnevale NJ, Lewis JP. Litterfall and organic matter decomposition in a seasonal forest of the eastern Chaco (Argentina). REV BIOL TROP 2001; 49:203-12. [PMID: 11795149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Amazonia and the Gran Chaco are the largest phytogeographic units of the Neotropical Region. The Forest Wedge of the Santa Fe province of Argentina is the southernmost part of the Eastern Chaco, and there are three main types of forest, 1) the mixed dense forests, 2) the Schinopsis balansae "quebrachal" and 3) the Prosopis nigra var. ragonesei forests, distributed along an environmental gradient correlated with topographic elevation. In this paper litterfall and organic matter decomposition of four species were studied in two different microsites in a Schinopsis balansae forest during three years. Litter fall varied along the year following seasonal environmental variation but litterfall variations between years were not significant. Litterfall was not uniform over the whole surface, under close canopy monthly average litterfall amounts 32.67 g/m2, in open gaps 4.47 g/m2 and 15.07 g/m2 under medium density canopy. Organic matter decomposition, like in other forests, was a negative exponential function of time, and the decomposition rate is independent from the microsites where it falls, 0.15 and 0.12 in sunny and shadow microsites respectively for Maytenus vitis-idaea, 0.10 and 0.11 in sunny and shadow microsites respectively for Achatocarpus praecox, 0.04 and 0.03 for Acacia praecox, 0.04 and 0.06 for Schinopsis balansae in sunny and shadow microsites respectively. Shurbs litter was decomposed faster than the tree litter, and the shurbs litter nutrientes level was also higher. Therefore the rate of organic matter decomposition is more correlated with leaf characteristics than with environmental variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- N J Carnevale
- Cátedra de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, C.C. 14, 2123 Zavalla, Santa Fe, Argentina.
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Mehta SM, Pae WE, Rosenberg G, Snyder AJ, Weiss WJ, Lewis JP, Frank DJ, Thompson JJ, Pierce WS. The LionHeart LVD-2000: a completely implanted left ventricular assist device for chronic circulatory support. Ann Thorac Surg 2001; 71:S156-61; discussion S183-4. [PMID: 11265852 DOI: 10.1016/s0003-4975(00)02641-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Management of patients with end-stage cardiac disease remains a vexing problem. Limitations in medical management and a fixed supply of donor organs for cardiac transplant have a continued impact on this growing population of patients. Mechanical circulatory support has proved very successful as a means of bridging patients to cardiac transplant when all medical options have been exhausted. The development of a chronic system of circulatory support has been underway at the Pennsylvania State University for nearly 30 years. These efforts have been recently merged with the industrial partnership with Arrow International toward the development of the LionHeart LVD-2000 (Arrow International, Reading, PA) completely implanted left ventricular support system. We present an overview of the system, details of implantation, a review of preclinical studies, and a synopsis of the first European implants. Early results have demonstrated the system to be safe, effective, and reliable. Transcutaneous energy transmission and the compliance chamber have been validated.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Mehta
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery and Artificial Organs, The Milton S Hershey Medical Center, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey 17033, USA.
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Franceschi EA, Franceschi EA, Torres PS, Torres PS, Prado DE, Prado DE, Lewis JP, Lewis JP. Disturbance, succession and stability: a ten year study of temporal variation of species composition after a catastrophic flood in the river Paraná, Argentina. COMMUNITY ECOL 2001. [DOI: 10.1556/comec.1.2000.2.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Califano JV, Kitten T, Lewis JP, Macrina FL, Fleischmann RD, Fraser CM, Duncan MJ, Dewhirst FE. Characterization of Porphyromonas gingivalis insertion sequence-like element ISPg5. Infect Immun 2000; 68:5247-53. [PMID: 10948151 PMCID: PMC101785 DOI: 10.1128/iai.68.9.5247-5253.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis, a black-pigmented, gram-negative anaerobe, is found in periodontitis lesions, and its presence in subgingival plaque significantly increases the risk for periodontitis. In contrast to many bacterial pathogens, P. gingivalis strains display considerable variability, which is likely due to genetic exchange and intragenomic changes. To explore the latter possibility, we have studied the occurrence of insertion sequence (IS)-like elements in P. gingivalis W83 by utilizing a convenient and rapid method of capturing IS-like sequences and through analysis of the genome sequence of P. gingivalis strain W83. We adapted the method of Matsutani et al. (S. Matsutani, H. Ohtsubo, Y. Maeda, and E. Ohtsubo, J. Mol. Biol. 196:445-455, 1987) to isolate and clone rapidly annealing DNA sequences characteristic of repetitive regions within a genome. We show that in P. gingivalis strain W83, such sequences include (i) nucleotide sequence with homology to tRNA genes, (ii) a previously described IS element, and (iii) a novel IS-like element. Analysis of the P. gingivalis genome sequence for the distribution of the least used tetranucleotide, CTAG, identified regions in many of the initial 218 contigs which contained CTAG clusters. Examination of these CTAG clusters led to the discovery of 11 copies of the same novel IS-like element identified by the repeated sequence capture method of Matsutani et al. This new 1,512-bp IS-like element, designated ISPg5, has features of the IS3 family of IS elements. When a recombinant plasmid containing much of ISPg5 was used in Southern analysis of several P. gingivalis strains, including clinical isolates, diversity among strains was apparent. This suggests that ISPg5 and other IS elements may contribute to strain diversity and can be used for strain fingerprinting.
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Affiliation(s)
- J V Califano
- Department of Periodontics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298, USA.
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Hesselman DM, Motes ML, Lewis JP. Effects of a commercial heat-shock process on Vibrio vulnificus in the American oyster, Crassostrea virginica, harvested from the Gulf Coast. J Food Prot 1999; 62:1266-9. [PMID: 10571315 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x-62.11.1266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Oysters (Crassostrea virginica) harvested from the Gulf Coast, containing 10(2) to 10(4) most probable number (MPN) per gram of Vibrio vulnificus, were subjected to a commercial heat-shock process. After 1 to 4 min at internal oyster meat temperatures exceeding 50 degrees C, shellstock oysters were shucked, chilled, washed, and packed. V. vulnificus and total bacterial levels in Gulf Coast oysters were significantly reduced from 1 to 4 logs in the finished product. Similar reductions were not observed in shellstock oysters that were subject to conventional processing. Under the National Shellfish Sanitation Program, heat shocking is an acceptable process to use to assist in the shucking of shellstock. This research revealed that the heat-shock process may also serve to significantly reduce V. vulnificus in summer Gulf Coast oysters.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Hesselman
- Charleston Resident Post, US Food and Drug Administration, South Carolina 29413, USA
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43
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Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis, an important periodontal disease pathogen, forms black-pigmented colonies on blood agar. Pigmentation is believed to result from accumulation of iron protoporphyrin IX (FePPIX) derived from erythrocytic hemoglobin. The Lys-X (Lys-gingipain) and Arg-X (Arg-gingipain) cysteine proteases of P. gingivalis bind and degrade erythrocytes. We have observed that mutations abolishing activity of the Lys-X-specific cysteine protease, Kgp, resulted in loss of black pigmentation of P. gingivalis W83. Because the hemagglutinating and hemolytic potentials of mutant strains were reduced but not eliminated, we hypothesized that this protease played a role in acquisition of FePPIX from hemoglobin. In contrast to Arg-gingipain, Lys-gingipain was not inhibited by hemin, suggesting that this protease played a role near the cell surface where high concentrations of hemin confer the black pigmentation. Human hemoglobin contains 11 Lys residues in the alpha chain and 10 Lys residues in the beta chain. In contrast, there are only three Arg residues in each of the alpha and beta chains. These observations are consistent with human hemoglobin being a preferred substrate for Lys-gingipain but not Arg-gingipain. The ability of the Lys-gingipain to cleave human hemoglobin at Lys residues was confirmed by electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry of hemoglobin fragments resulting from digestion with the purified protease. We were able to detect several of the predicted hemoglobin fragments rendered by digestion with purified Lys-gingipain. Thus, we postulate that the Lys-gingipain of P. gingivalis is a hemoglobinase which plays a role in heme and iron uptake by effecting the accumulation of FePPIX on the bacterial cell surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Lewis
- Institute of Oral and Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298, USA
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44
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Abstract
We have mapped a group of virulence genes of Porphyromonas gingivalis to a single large fragment of the genome. These genes (rgpA, kgp, and hagA) all contain a consensus repeat sequence (HArep). rgpA and kgp encode cysteine proteases with Arg-X and Lys-X specificity, respectively, and hagA encodes a hemagglutinin. Genomic DNA fragments separated by pulse-field gel electrophoresis were blotted and probed in order to localize the genes to a 0.25-Mb NheI fragment of the P. gingivalis W83 genome. Further hybridization analyses with single- and double-restriction digestion allowed us to generate a physical map of the fragment and determine the precise locations of the protease and hemagglutinin genes. In addition, we found an insertion-like sequence, IS195, near the ends of the 0. 25-Mb NheI fragment. A similarly sized fragment carrying HArep sequences was also demonstrated in the P. gingivalis W12 and W50 genomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Lewis
- Institute of Oral and Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298-0566, USA
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45
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Abstract
A classic Gestalt figure is a 4 x 4 array of items grouped by similarity into either rows or columns. We found that some people do not see rows ("row blindness"). Furthermore, row blindness correlates with difficulties processing written language--more than half of the college-age dyslexics tested were row blind. Reading difficulties are probably not a cause of row blindness and forming rows by grouping is a part of reading, suggesting that row blindness might be one source of problems processing written language.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Lewis
- SUNY, Stony Brook, Department of Psychology, NY 11794-2500, USA
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46
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Pantalos GM, Altieri F, Berson A, Borovetz H, Butler K, Byrd G, Ciarkowski AA, Dunn R, Frazier OH, Griffith B, Hoeppner DW, Jassawalla JS, Kormos RH, Kung RT, Lemperle B, Lewis JP, Pennington DG, Poirier VL, Portner PM, Rosenberg G, Shanker R, Watson JT. Long-term mechanical circulatory support system reliability recommendation: American Society for Artificial Internal Organs and The Society of Thoracic Surgeons: long-term mechanical circulatory support system reliability recommendation. Ann Thorac Surg 1998; 66:1852-9. [PMID: 9875819 DOI: 10.1016/s0003-4975(98)01164-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Jointly developed by members of the American Society for Artificial Internal Organs and the Society of Thoracic Surgeons along with staff from the Food and Drug Administration, the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute and other experts, this recommendation describes the reliability considerations and goals for Investigational Device Exemption and Premarket Approval submissions for long-term, mechanical circulatory support systems. The recommendation includes a definition of system failure, a discussion of an appropriate reliability model, a suggested in vitro reliability test plan, reliability considerations for animal implantation tests, in vitro and animal in vivo performance goals, the qualification of design changes during the Investigational Device Exemption clinical trial, the development of a Failure Modes Effects and Criticality Analysis, and the reliability information for surgeons and patient candidates. The document will be periodically reviewed to assess its timeliness and appropriateness within five years.
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Affiliation(s)
- G M Pantalos
- Artificial Heart Research Laboratory, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City 84103-1414, USA
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47
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DeNardo GL, DeNardo SJ, Goldstein DS, Kroger LA, Lamborn KR, Levy NB, McGahan JP, Salako Q, Shen S, Lewis JP. Maximum-tolerated dose, toxicity, and efficacy of (131)I-Lym-1 antibody for fractionated radioimmunotherapy of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. J Clin Oncol 1998; 16:3246-56. [PMID: 9779698 DOI: 10.1200/jco.1998.16.10.3246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Lym-1, a monoclonal antibody that preferentially targets malignant lymphocytes, has induced remissions in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) when labeled with iodine 131 ((131)I). Based on the strategy of fractionating the total dose, this study was designed to define the maximum-tolerated dose (MTD) and efficacy of the first two, of a maximum of four, doses of (131)I-Lym-1 given 4 weeks apart. Additionally, toxicity and radiation dosimetry were assessed. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty patients with advanced NHL entered the study a total of 21 times. Thirteen (62%) of the 21 entries had diffuse large-cell histologies. All patients had disease resistant to standard therapy and had received a mean of four chemotherapy regimens. (131)I-Lym-1 was given after Lym-1 and (131)I was escalated in cohorts of patients from 40 to 100 mCi (1.5 to 3.7 GBq)/m2 body surface area. RESULTS Mean radiation dose to the bone marrow from body and blood (131)I was 0.34 (range, 0. 1 6 to 0.63) rad/mCi (0.09 mGy/MBq; range, 0.04 to 0.17 mGy/ MBq). Dose-limiting toxicity was grade 3 to 4 thrombocytopenia with an MTD of 100 mCi/m2 (3.7 GBq/m2) for each of the first two doses of (131)I-Lym-1 given 4 weeks apart. Nonhematologic toxicities did not exceed grade 2 except for one instance of grade 3 hypotension. Ten (71 %) of 14 entries who received at least two doses of (131)I-Lym-1 therapy and 11 (52%) of 21 total entries responded. Seven of the responses were complete, with a mean duration of 14 months. All three entries in the 100 mCi/m2 (3.7 MBq/m2) cohort had complete remissions (CRs). All responders had at least a partial remission (PR) after the first therapy dose of (131)I-Lym-1. CONCLUSION (131)I-Lym-1 induced durable remissions in patients with NHL resistant to chemotherapy and was associated with acceptable toxicity. The nonmyeloablative MTD for each of the first two doses of (131)I-Lym-1 was 100 mCi/m2 (total, 200 mCi/m2) (3.7 GBq/m2; total, 7.4 GBq/m2).
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Affiliation(s)
- G L DeNardo
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, USA.
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48
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DeNardo GL, DeNardo SJ, Lamborn KR, Goldstein DS, Levy NB, Lewis JP, O'Grady LF, Raventos A, Kroger LA, Macey DJ, McGahan JP, Mills SL, Shen S. Low-dose, fractionated radioimmunotherapy for B-cell malignancies using 131I-Lym-1 antibody. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 1998; 13:239-54. [PMID: 10850360 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.1998.13.239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This trial was conducted to assess the toxicity and efficacy of 131I-Lym-1 in patients with either malignant B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) or chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) using low-dose, fractionated radioimmunotherapy (RIT). MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty adult patients who had advanced B-cell malignancies (25 NHL and 5 CLL) had progressed despite standard therapy; 12 patients entered the trial with Karnofsky performance status (KPS) of equal to or greater than 60. Patients were treated with a series of intravenous doses of 131I-Lym-1 with a goal of reaching a cumulative dose in each patient of at least 300 mCi. All patients were Lym-1 reactive. Clinical responses and immediate toxicity were evaluable in all 30 patients and delayed toxicity in 26. RESULTS Toxicity to Lym-1 antibody occurred with 28% of the 176 doses and was transient. Human antimouse antibodies (HAMA) were generated in 30% after a mean of 4 doses, but interrupted therapy in only 10% of the patients. Thrombocytopenia was dose-limiting; there were no deaths due to toxicity. Tumor regression occurred in 25 (83%) of the patients and was great enough, and durable enough, in 17 (57%) to qualify them as responders; 13 NHL patients and 4 CLL patients. Advanced disease often interrupted therapy prematurely. However, 18 patients received at least 180 mCi of 131I-Lym-1; 17 (94%) of these responded to the therapy. CONCLUSION Although advanced disease often interrupted therapy prematurely, the results from 131I-Lym-1 therapy are clearly promising and warrant additional trials.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/adverse effects
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived
- Dose Fractionation, Radiation
- Female
- Humans
- Iodine Radioisotopes/adverse effects
- Iodine Radioisotopes/therapeutic use
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/pathology
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/radiotherapy
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/pathology
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/radiotherapy
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasm Staging
- Radioimmunotherapy/adverse effects
- Radiopharmaceuticals/adverse effects
- Radiopharmaceuticals/therapeutic use
- Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon
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Affiliation(s)
- G L DeNardo
- University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento 95816, USA
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49
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Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis is recognized as an important etiologic agent in adult and early-onset periodontal disease. Proteases produced by this organism contribute to its virulence in mice. Protease-encoding genes have been shown to contain multiple copies of repeated nucleotide sequences. These conserved sequences have also been found in hemagglutinin genes. In the process of studying the genetic loci containing the conserved repeated sequences, we have characterized a prtP gene homolog from P. gingivalis W83 encoding a cysteine protease with Lys-X specificity. However, this prtP gene was interrupted by an insertion sequence-like element which we designated IS195. Furthermore, IS195 and another element, IS1126, were present downstream of prtP gene homologs (kgp) found in P. gingivalis H66 and 381. IS195, a 1,068-bp insertion sequence-like element, contained 11-bp inverted repeats at its termini and was bordered by 9-bp direct repeats presumed to be a transposition-mediated target site duplication. Its central region contained one large open reading frame encoding a predicted 300-amino-acid protein which appeared to be a transposase. We isolated two naturally occurring variants of P. gingivalis W83, one carrying IS195 within the coding region of the prtP gene and another containing an intact prtP gene. Biochemical characterization revealed a lack of trypsin-like Lys-X specific proteolytic activity in the P. gingivalis W83 variant carrying the disrupted prtP gene. Studies using a mouse model revealed a reduction of virulence resulting from insertion of IS195 into the coding region of the prtP gene. An allelic-exchange mutant defective in the prtP gene also was constructed and tested in vivo. It displayed intermediate virulence compared to that of the wild-type and prtP::IS195 mutant strains. We conclude that the Lys-X cysteine protease contributes to virulence in soft tissue infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Lewis
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298-0678, USA
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50
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Altieri F, Berson A, Borovetz H, Butler K, Byrd G, Ciarkowski AA, Dunn R, Frazier OH, Griffith B, Hoeppner DW, Jassawalla JS, Kormos RH, Kung RT, Lemperle B, Lewis JP, Pantalos GM, Pennington DG, Poirier VL, Portner PM, Rosenberg G, Shanker R, Watson JT. Long-term mechanical circulatory support system reliability recommendation: American Society for Artificial Internal Organs and Society of Thoracic Surgeons: long-term mechanical circulatory support system reliability recommendation. ASAIO J 1998; 44:108-14. [PMID: 9466510 DOI: 10.1097/00002480-199801000-00020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Jointly developed by members of the American Society for Artificial Internal Organs and the Society of Thoracic Surgeons along with staff from the Food and Drug Administration, the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute and other experts, this recommendation describes the reliability considerations and goals for Investigational Device Exemption and Premarket Approval submissions for long-term, mechanical circulatory support systems. The recommendation includes a definition of system failure, a discussion of an appropriate reliability model, a suggested in vitro reliability test plan, reliability considerations for animal implantation tests, in vitro and animal in vivo performance goals, the qualification of design changes during the Investigational Device Exemption clinical trial, the development of a Failure Modes Effects and Criticality Analysis, and the reliability information for surgeons and patient candidates. The document will be periodically reviewed to assess its timeliness and appropriateness within five years.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Altieri
- ASAIO-STS Long-Term Circulatory Support System Reliability Working Group Recommendation
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