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Cao J, Su Y, Chen Z, Ma C, Xiong W. The risk factors for Graves' ophthalmopathy. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2021; 260:1043-1054. [PMID: 34787691 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-021-05456-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This review aimed to provide an overview of current research into the risk factors for Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO). METHODS To find information about the risk factors for GO, the research database PubMed was searched and relevant articles were obtained to extract information about risk factors. RESULTS Smoking has been widely accepted as an important risk factor and cigarette smoking cessation has been shown to improve the outcome and decrease the onset of GO. Radioactive iodine on the thyroid may induce hyperthyroidism and increase the occurrence of GO. Selenium deficiency is a risk factor for GO and the supplementation of selenium has been an adjuvant therapy. Decreasing stressful life events (SLE) may help improve GO. Imbalance in intestinal flora is essential to GO, with Yersinia enterocolitica and Escherichia coli both increased in the digestive tract of the individual with GO. In addition, controlling serum cholesterol may help improve GO since adipogenesis is an important pathological change in its pathogenesis. Considering the correlation between Graves' disease and GO, maintaining normal thyroid function hormone level is the first-line therapeutic strategy to prevent progression of GO. An increase in antibodies such as TSHR and IGF-1R is the main predictor of GO. Besides, gender and gene polymorphism are also risk factors towards GO. CONCLUSIONS Risk factors for GO arise from five sources: physical and chemical environment, social-psychological environment, biological environment, the human organism, and genetic codes. Risk factors within these categories may interact with each other and their mechanisms in promoting the development of GO are complex. Research into risk factors for GO may promote emerging fields related to GO such as control of autoantibodies and intestinal microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiamin Cao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Yuelu District, 138 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhe Su
- Zhuzhou Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhuokun Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Yuelu District, 138 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Ma
- Department of Ophthalmology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Yuelu District, 138 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Xiong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Yuelu District, 138 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
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Bergler-Czop B, Brzezińska-Wcisło L. MORPHEA AND LICHEN SCLEROSUS IN A PATIENT WITH HYPORTHYROIDISM. Acta Clin Croat 2020; 59:765-770. [PMID: 34285450 PMCID: PMC8253060 DOI: 10.20471/acc.2020.59.04.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid gland is one of the key organs regulating the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins and fats. Its primary function is connected with increase of the metabolic conversion of the body. Skin lesions are often one of the first symptoms of hypothyroidism. In a 71-year-old patient, skin lesions in the form of thickened areas with severe hyperkeratosis first appeared 12 years before. Eight years before, the patient was diagnosed with hypothyroidism of unknown cause. Upon admission, lesions were observed in the trunk area, left arm and vulva. These lesions had the appearance of brownish spots with hyperkeratosis. Initially, they were localized on the trunk, then involving upper limbs and neck area with time. Significant progression was present in the back area. In the anogenital area, porcelain-white discolorations were observed. Laboratory examinations were normal. During hospital stay, iv. ceftriaxone at a dose of 2.0 g/day for 10 days and intramuscular injection of vitamin B6 were administered, along with 10% urea ointment for hyperkeratosis lesions as topical therapy. The patient had lesions in the form of skin induration and discoloration, with visible, very severe hyperkeratosis, which is not characteristic of changes of the scleroderma and lichen sclerosus type. These lesions caused diagnostic problems due to the atypical clinical appearance.
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3
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Wang Y, Wu H, Sun ZS. The biological basis of sexual orientation: How hormonal, genetic, and environmental factors influence to whom we are sexually attracted. Front Neuroendocrinol 2019; 55:100798. [PMID: 31593707 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2019.100798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Humans develop relatively stable attractions to sexual partners during maturation and present a spectrum of sexual orientation from homosexuality to heterosexuality encompassing varying degrees of bisexuality, with some individuals also displaying asexuality. Sexual orientation represents a basic life phenomenon for humans. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying these diverse traits of sexual orientation remain highly controversial. In this review, we systematically discuss recent advancements in sexual orientation research, including those related to measurements and associated brain regions. Current findings regarding sexual orientation modulation by hormonal, genetic, maternal immune system, and environmental factors are summarized in both human and model systems. We also emphasize that future studies should recognize the differences between males and females and pay more attention to minor traits and the epigenetic regulation of sexual orientation. A comprehensive view of sexual orientation may promote our understanding of the biological basis of sex, and that of human reproduction, and evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Haoda Wu
- Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Sino-Danish College, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Zhong Sheng Sun
- Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Sino-Danish College, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; Institute of Genomic Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China.
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4
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Beatrice A, Sumana K, Mengade MG. Juvenile Autoimmune Hypothyroidism and Gender Dysphoria: A Causal Relationship or A Casual Coincidence? Indian J Endocrinol Metab 2019; 23:166-167. [PMID: 31016173 PMCID: PMC6446668 DOI: 10.4103/ijem.ijem_656_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Beatrice
- Department of Endocrinology, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - K. Sumana
- Department of Endocrinology, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Manoj Gopinath Mengade
- Department of Endocrinology, Dr. M. Manoj Endocrinology Clinic, Warangal, Telangana, India
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5
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Basavanhally T, Fonseca R, Uversky VN. Born This Way: Using Intrinsic Disorder to Map the Connections between SLITRKs, TSHR, and Male Sexual Orientation. Proteomics 2018; 18:e1800307. [PMID: 30156382 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201800307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Recently, genome-wide association study reveals a significant association between specific single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in men and their sexual orientation. These SNPs (rs9547443 and rs1035144) reside in the intergenic region between the SLITRK5 and SLITRK6 genes and in the intronic region of the TSHR gene and might affect functionality of SLITRK5, SLITRK6, and TSHR proteins that are engaged in tight control of key developmental processes, such as neurite outgrowth and modulation, cellular differentiation, and hormonal regulation. SLITRK5 and SLITRK6 are single-pass transmembrane proteins, whereas TSHR is a heptahelical G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR). Mutations in these proteins are associated with various diseases and are linked to phenotypes found at a higher rate in homosexual men. A bioinformatics analysis of SLITRK5, SLITRK6, and TSHR proteins is conducted to look at their structure, protein interaction networks, and propensity for intrinsic disorder. It is assumed that this information might improve understanding of the roles that SLITRK5, SLITRK6, and TSHR play within neuronal and thyroidal tissues and give insight into the phenotypes associated with male homosexuality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara Basavanhally
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Renée Fonseca
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Vladimir N Uversky
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.,USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Research Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.,Protein Research Group, Institute for Biological Instrumentation of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290, Pushchino, Moscow, Russia
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6
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Carosa E, Lenzi A, Jannini EA. Thyroid hormone receptors and ligands, tissue distribution and sexual behavior. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2018; 467:49-59. [PMID: 29175529 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Carosa
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Andrea Lenzi
- Chair of Endocrinology, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Emmanuele A Jannini
- Chair of Endocrinology & Medical Sexology (ENDOSEX), Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
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Sanders AR, Beecham GW, Guo S, Dawood K, Rieger G, Badner JA, Gershon ES, Krishnappa RS, Kolundzija AB, Duan J, Gejman PV, Bailey JM, Martin ER. Genome-Wide Association Study of Male Sexual Orientation. Sci Rep 2017; 7:16950. [PMID: 29217827 PMCID: PMC5721098 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15736-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Family and twin studies suggest that genes play a role in male sexual orientation. We conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of male sexual orientation on a primarily European ancestry sample of 1,077 homosexual men and 1,231 heterosexual men using Affymetrix single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) arrays. We identified several SNPs with p < 10-5, including regions of multiple supporting SNPs on chromosomes 13 (minimum p = 7.5 × 10-7) and 14 (p = 4.7 × 10-7). The genes nearest to these peaks have functions plausibly relevant to the development of sexual orientation. On chromosome 13, SLITRK6 is a neurodevelopmental gene mostly expressed in the diencephalon, which contains a region previously reported as differing in size in men by sexual orientation. On chromosome 14, TSHR genetic variants in intron 1 could conceivably help explain past findings relating familial atypical thyroid function and male homosexuality. Furthermore, skewed X chromosome inactivation has been found in the thyroid condition, Graves' disease, as well as in mothers of homosexual men. On pericentromeric chromosome 8 within our previously reported linkage peak, we found support (p = 4.1 × 10-3) for a SNP association previously reported (rs77013977, p = 7.1 × 10-8), with the combined analysis yielding p = 6.7 × 10-9, i.e., a genome-wide significant association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan R Sanders
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, NorthShore University HealthSystem Research Institute, Evanston, Illinois, 60201, United States of America.
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, 60637, United States of America.
| | - Gary W Beecham
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, 33136, United States of America
| | - Shengru Guo
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, 33136, United States of America
| | - Khytam Dawood
- Department of Psychology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, 16802, United States of America
| | - Gerulf Rieger
- Department of Psychology, University of Essex, Colchester, England, CO4 3SQ, United Kingdom
| | - Judith A Badner
- Department of Psychiatry, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, 60612, United States of America
| | - Elliot S Gershon
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, 60637, United States of America
| | - Ritesha S Krishnappa
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Elmhurst, New York, 11373, United States of America
| | - Alana B Kolundzija
- Department of Sociomedical Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, 10027, United States of America
| | - Jubao Duan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, NorthShore University HealthSystem Research Institute, Evanston, Illinois, 60201, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, 60637, United States of America
| | - Pablo V Gejman
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, NorthShore University HealthSystem Research Institute, Evanston, Illinois, 60201, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, 60637, United States of America
| | - J Michael Bailey
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, 60208, United States of America
| | - Eden R Martin
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, 33136, United States of America
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Sabuncuoglu O. Towards a further understanding of prenatal thyroid theory of homosexuality: Autoimmune thyroiditis, polycystic ovary syndrome, autism and low birth weight. Ment Illn 2017; 9:7325. [PMID: 29142667 PMCID: PMC5661141 DOI: 10.4081/mi.2017.7325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Research into the neurobiological origins of same-sex attraction is inconclusive. A recent theory of homosexuality posited that maternal thyroid dysfunction during pregnancy is associated with an increased rate of homosexual orientation in offspring. Relevant studies from the prenatal thyroid model perspective were reviewed, the major findings of which are as follows: i) An increased prevalence of Hashimoto’s disease in lesbian women suggests a maternal and even familial presence of the same autoimmune thyroid disease. Female-tomale transsexuals and lesbian women were also reported to have higher rates of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Over the last several years, reports suggesting a strong link between PCOS and thyroid autoimmunity have accumulated. ii) The increased risk of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) in the offspring of mothers with thyroid autoimmunity in pregnancy and the association between ASD and gender dysphoria indicate a link between maternal thyroid dysfunction and gender dysphoria/same-sex attraction in the offspring. iii) The high risk of miscarriage and retarded fetal growth in pregnancies of mothers who give birth to homosexual offspring can be explained by the impact of maternal thyroid dysfunction during pregnancy. This perspective review highlights relevant research findings and integrates them into the prenatal thyroid model of homosexuality. A better understanding of the mechanisms involved in the generation of same-sex orientation will contribute to the betterment of individual lives, as well as of society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osman Sabuncuoglu
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Marmara University Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
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9
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Azizi F, Mehran L, Hosseinpanah F, Delshad H, Amouzegar A. Primordial and Primary Preventions of Thyroid Disease. Int J Endocrinol Metab 2017; 15:e57871. [PMID: 29344036 PMCID: PMC5750785 DOI: 10.5812/ijem.57871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 07/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primordial and primary preventions of thyroid diseases are concerned with avoiding the appearance of risk factors, delaying the progression to overt disease, and minimizing the impact of illness. SUMMARY Using related key words, 446 articles related to primordial and primary, preventions of thyroid diseases published between 2001-2015 were evaluated, categorized and analyzed. Prevention and elimination of iodine deficiency are major steps that have been successfully achieved and maintained in many countries of the world in last 2 decades. Recent investigations related to the effect of cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, and autoimmunity in the prevention of thyroid disorders have been reviewed. CONCLUSIONS The cornerstone for successful prevention of thyroid disease entails timely implementation of its primordial and primary preventions, which must be highly prioritized in related health strategies by health authorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fereidoun Azizi
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Ladan Mehran
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Farhad Hosseinpanah
- Obesity Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Hossein Delshad
- Obesity Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Atieh Amouzegar
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
- Corresponding author: Atieh Amouzegar, Assistant Professor of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran, P.O. Box: 19395-4763. Tel: +98-2122432503, Fax: +98-2122402463, E-mail:
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Ulff-Møller CJ, Simonsen J, Kyvik KO, Jacobsen S, Frisch M. Family history of systemic lupus erythematosus and risk of autoimmune disease: Nationwide Cohort Study in Denmark 1977-2013. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2017; 56:957-964. [PMID: 28339674 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kex005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To provide population-based estimates of relative risk of SLE and other autoimmune diseases (ADs) in relatives of SLE patients. Methods A cohort of 5 237 319 Danish residents identified through the Civil Registration System was coupled to their relatives through the parental link and followed for SLE and other ADs between 1977 and 2013 through linkage to the National Patient Register. Twin zygosity was established through the Danish Twin Registry. Hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% CIs were calculated using Cox proportional hazards regression analyses. Results During 117.5 million person-years of follow-up, 3612 persons were hospitalized with SLE. HRs of SLE were high among first-degree (HR = 10.3; 95% CI: 8.25, 12.9; n = 80) and second- or third-degree relatives of SLE patients (HR = 3.60; 95% CI: 2.20, 5.90; n = 16). HRs for any AD were elevated in first-degree (HR = 1.51; 95% CI: 1.41, 1.62; n = 785) and second- or third-degree relatives of SLE patients (HR = 1.28; 95% CI: 1.18, 1.39; n = 582). Among individuals with SLE-affected first-degree relatives, the risk was significantly increased for RA (HR = 1.64; 95% CI: 1.35, 1.99; n = 103), IBD (HR = 1.21; 95% CI: 1.02, 1.43; n = 130) and type 1 diabetes mellitus (HR = 1.23; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.48; n = 106). Risk of other ADs was significantly increased both among SLE-affected first-degree (HR = 2.08; 95% CI: 1.88, 2.31; n = 371) and second- or third-degree relatives (HR = 1.38; 95% CI: 1.23, 1.54; n = 313). Conclusion Family history of SLE is associated with a clearly elevated risk of SLE and, to a much lesser degree, of RA and other ADs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jacob Simonsen
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen
| | - Kirsten Ohm Kyvik
- Department of Clinical Research and the Danish Twin Registry, EBB, University of Southern Denmark.,Odense Patient data Explorative Network (OPEN), Odense University Hospital, J.B. Winsløws Odense C, Denmark
| | - Søren Jacobsen
- Copenhagen Lupus and Vasculitis Clinic, Centre for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Rigshospitalet
| | - Morten Frisch
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen
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Sabuncuoglu O. High Rates of Same-Sex Attraction/Gender Nonconformity in the Offspring of Mothers with Thyroid Dysfunction During Pregnancy: Proposal of Prenatal Thyroid Model. Ment Illn 2015; 7:5810. [PMID: 26605033 PMCID: PMC4620281 DOI: 10.4081/mi.2015.5810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Revised: 04/06/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Both youngsters and adults with same-sex attraction are at greater risk for negative health outcomes. Despite mounting efforts to determine the biological background, a satisfactory conclusion has not been reached and there is a need to explore alternate factors like functioning of thyroid system during pregnancy. A retrospective chart review was undertaken of 790 eligible children and adolescents who had been admitted to child psychiatry between 2005 and 2013. This population consisted of 520 (65%) males and 270 (35%) females, aged 8 to 17 years. Fifteen mothers (1.8%) were found to have a history of thyroid dysfunction during pregnancy. Sixteen youngsters (2%) had a history of same-sex attraction. Twelve overlapping cases with both same-sex attraction and maternal thyroid dysfunction during pregnancy were identified, which was extremely significant (P<0.0001, by Fisher’s exact test). The association was also significant for each sex (P<0.0001, by Fisher’s exact test). There is evidence that thyroid gland plays a crucial and decisive role in determining sexual orientation in people. Maternal thyroid dysfunctions during pregnancy may result in homosexual orientation in the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osman Sabuncuoglu
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Marmara University Hospital , Istanbul, Turkey
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12
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Abstract
The Rotterdam Study is a prospective cohort study ongoing since 1990 in the city of Rotterdam in The Netherlands. The study targets cardiovascular, endocrine, hepatic, neurological, ophthalmic, psychiatric, dermatological, otolaryngological, locomotor, and respiratory diseases. As of 2008, 14,926 subjects aged 45 years or over comprise the Rotterdam Study cohort. The findings of the Rotterdam Study have been presented in over 1200 research articles and reports (see www.erasmus-epidemiology.nl/rotterdamstudy ). This article gives the rationale of the study and its design. It also presents a summary of the major findings and an update of the objectives and methods.
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13
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Graugaard C, Giraldi A, Frisch M, Falgaard Eplov L, Davidsen M. Self-reported sexual and psychosocial health among non-heterosexual Danes. Scand J Public Health 2015; 43:309-14. [DOI: 10.1177/1403494814563371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Little is known about the sexual and psychosocial health of non-heterosexual Danes. Based on a large population study, the aim of this article was to compare quality-of-life-related key variables of heterosexual and non-heterosexual men and women, aged 16–66. Materials and methods: Cross-sectional data from the nationwide, representative Health and Morbidity Survey ( n = 8496) were used to compare variables concerning both general and sexual well-being of self-identified heterosexual and non-heterosexual respondents. Results: Nearly twice as many non-heterosexual than heterosexual men rated their sexual life as bad or very bad (22.5% versus 12.8%), while no statistical difference was seen among women (13.6% versus 10.6%). For both genders, significantly more non-heterosexuals than heterosexuals stated that their sexual needs were not met (17.9% versus 7.7% for men and 14.8% versus 6.9% for women), and significantly more non-heterosexuals reported acts of sexual violence (8.3% versus 2.1% for men and 35.8% versus 13.0% for women). Finally, non-heterosexual respondents had contemplated suicide more than twice as often as heterosexuals (15.9% versus 7.4% for men and 19.7% versus 8.3% for women). Actual suicide attempts were roughly three times more frequent in the non-heterosexual groups (8.3% versus 2.6 % for men and 11.8% versus 4.2% for women). Conclusions: Overall, non-heterosexual Danes reported higher degrees of sexual and/or psychosocial distress than heterosexuals. Further research is needed; but scientists, clinicians and public health workers should be aware that non-heterosexuals may pose specific health-related challenges and requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Graugaard
- Center for Sexology Research, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Denmark
| | | | - Morten Frisch
- Center for Sexology Research, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Denmark
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Michael Davidsen
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
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