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Chaker L, Baumgartner C, den Elzen WPJ, Collet TH, Ikram MA, Blum MR, Dehghan A, Drechsler C, Luben RN, Portegies MLP, Iervasi G, Medici M, Stott DJ, Dullaart RP, Ford I, Bremner A, Newman AB, Wanner C, Sgarbi JA, Dörr M, Longstreth WT, Psaty BM, Ferrucci L, Maciel RMB, Westendorp RG, Jukema JW, Ceresini G, Imaizumi M, Hofman A, Bakker SJL, Franklyn JA, Khaw KT, Bauer DC, Walsh JP, Razvi S, Gussekloo J, Völzke H, Franco OH, Cappola AR, Rodondi N, Peeters RP. Thyroid Function Within the Reference Range and the Risk of Stroke: An Individual Participant Data Analysis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2016; 101:4270-4282. [PMID: 27603906 PMCID: PMC5095234 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2016-2255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT The currently applied reference ranges for thyroid function are under debate. Despite evidence that thyroid function within the reference range is related with several cardiovascular disorders, its association with the risk of stroke has not been evaluated previously. DESIGN AND SETTING We identified studies through a systematic literature search and the Thyroid Studies Collaboration, a collaboration of prospective cohort studies. Studies measuring baseline TSH, free T4, and stroke outcomes were included, and we collected individual participant data from each study, including thyroid function measurements and incident all stroke (combined fatal and nonfatal) and fatal stroke. The applied reference range for TSH levels was between 0.45 and 4.49 mIU/L. RESULTS We collected individual participant data on 43 598 adults with TSH within the reference range from 17 cohorts, with a median follow-up of 11.6 years (interquartile range 5.1-13.9), including 449 908 person-years. Age- and sex-adjusted pooled hazard ratio for TSH was 0.78 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.65-0.95 across the reference range of TSH) for all stroke and 0.83 (95% CI 0.62-1.09) for fatal stroke. For the free T4 analyses, the hazard ratio was 1.08 (95% CI 0.99-1.15 per SD increase) for all stroke and 1.10 (95% CI 1.04-1.19) for fatal stroke. This was independent of cardiovascular risk factors including systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, smoking, and prevalent diabetes. CONCLUSION Higher levels of TSH within the reference range may decrease the risk of stroke, highlighting the need for further research focusing on the clinical consequences associated with differences within the reference range of thyroid function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Layal Chaker
- Departments of Internal Medicine (R.P.P., L.C., M.M.) and Epidemiology (R.P.P., O.H.F., A.D., A.H., A.I., L.C., M.L.P.P.), Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Rotterdam Thyroid Center (R.P.P., L.C., M.M.) and Department of Radiology and Neurology (M.A.I.), Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of General Internal Medicine (N.R., C.B., M.R.B.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (T.-H.C.), University Hospital of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Departments of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (W.P.J.d.E.), Public Health and Primary Care (J.G.), and Cardiology (W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands; Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (D.C.B.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (A.R.C.), Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104; Department of Epidemiology (A.H.), Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; Department of Endocrinology (S.R.), Gateshead Health Foundation National Health Service Trust, Gateshead, SE18 4QH, United Kingdom; Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes (J.P.W.), Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia; Schools of Medicine and Pharmacology (J.P.W.) and Population Health (A.B.), University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia; National Council Research Institute of Clinical Physiology (G.I.), 56124 Pisa, Italy; Robertson Centre for Biostatistics (I.F.) and Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (D.J.S.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, United Kingdom; Department of Epidemiology (A.B.N.), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260; Department of Internal Medicine (S.J.L.B., R.P.D.), University Medical Center, University of Groningen, 9700 AB Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Medicine (C.W., C.D.), Division of Nephrology, University Hospital of Würzburg, and Comprehensive Heart Failure Centre (C.W., C.D.), 97070 Würzburg, Germany; Department of Clinical Studies (M.I.), Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Nagasaki 850-8555, Japan; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (G.C.), University of Parma, 143100 Parma, Italy; National Institute on Aging (L.F.), Baltimore, Maryland 21225; Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.), Clinical-Epidemiological Research/Study of Health in Pomerania, University Medicine, German Centre of Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site, Department of Internal Medicine (M.D.), and University Medicine (M.D.), German Centre of Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site, 17487 Greifswald, Germany; Departments of Neurology and Epidemiology (W.T.L.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit (W.T.L.), Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98108; Group Health Research Institute (B.M.P.), Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, Washington 98101; Division of Endocrinology (R.M.B.M., J.A.S.), Department of Medicine, Federal University of Sao Paulo, 05508-900 São Paulo, Brazil; Division of Endocrinology (J.A.S.), Faculdade de Medicina de Marília, Marília, Brazil; Department of Public Health and Primary Care (R.N.L., K.-T.K.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, United Kingdom; Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of The Netherlands (W.J.), 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands; School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (J.A.F.), College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom; and Department of Public Health and Center for Healthy Ageing (R.G.W.), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2400 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christine Baumgartner
- Departments of Internal Medicine (R.P.P., L.C., M.M.) and Epidemiology (R.P.P., O.H.F., A.D., A.H., A.I., L.C., M.L.P.P.), Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Rotterdam Thyroid Center (R.P.P., L.C., M.M.) and Department of Radiology and Neurology (M.A.I.), Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of General Internal Medicine (N.R., C.B., M.R.B.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (T.-H.C.), University Hospital of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Departments of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (W.P.J.d.E.), Public Health and Primary Care (J.G.), and Cardiology (W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands; Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (D.C.B.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (A.R.C.), Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104; Department of Epidemiology (A.H.), Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; Department of Endocrinology (S.R.), Gateshead Health Foundation National Health Service Trust, Gateshead, SE18 4QH, United Kingdom; Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes (J.P.W.), Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia; Schools of Medicine and Pharmacology (J.P.W.) and Population Health (A.B.), University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia; National Council Research Institute of Clinical Physiology (G.I.), 56124 Pisa, Italy; Robertson Centre for Biostatistics (I.F.) and Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (D.J.S.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, United Kingdom; Department of Epidemiology (A.B.N.), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260; Department of Internal Medicine (S.J.L.B., R.P.D.), University Medical Center, University of Groningen, 9700 AB Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Medicine (C.W., C.D.), Division of Nephrology, University Hospital of Würzburg, and Comprehensive Heart Failure Centre (C.W., C.D.), 97070 Würzburg, Germany; Department of Clinical Studies (M.I.), Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Nagasaki 850-8555, Japan; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (G.C.), University of Parma, 143100 Parma, Italy; National Institute on Aging (L.F.), Baltimore, Maryland 21225; Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.), Clinical-Epidemiological Research/Study of Health in Pomerania, University Medicine, German Centre of Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site, Department of Internal Medicine (M.D.), and University Medicine (M.D.), German Centre of Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site, 17487 Greifswald, Germany; Departments of Neurology and Epidemiology (W.T.L.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit (W.T.L.), Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98108; Group Health Research Institute (B.M.P.), Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, Washington 98101; Division of Endocrinology (R.M.B.M., J.A.S.), Department of Medicine, Federal University of Sao Paulo, 05508-900 São Paulo, Brazil; Division of Endocrinology (J.A.S.), Faculdade de Medicina de Marília, Marília, Brazil; Department of Public Health and Primary Care (R.N.L., K.-T.K.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, United Kingdom; Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of The Netherlands (W.J.), 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands; School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (J.A.F.), College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom; and Department of Public Health and Center for Healthy Ageing (R.G.W.), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2400 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Wendy P J den Elzen
- Departments of Internal Medicine (R.P.P., L.C., M.M.) and Epidemiology (R.P.P., O.H.F., A.D., A.H., A.I., L.C., M.L.P.P.), Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Rotterdam Thyroid Center (R.P.P., L.C., M.M.) and Department of Radiology and Neurology (M.A.I.), Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of General Internal Medicine (N.R., C.B., M.R.B.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (T.-H.C.), University Hospital of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Departments of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (W.P.J.d.E.), Public Health and Primary Care (J.G.), and Cardiology (W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands; Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (D.C.B.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (A.R.C.), Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104; Department of Epidemiology (A.H.), Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; Department of Endocrinology (S.R.), Gateshead Health Foundation National Health Service Trust, Gateshead, SE18 4QH, United Kingdom; Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes (J.P.W.), Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia; Schools of Medicine and Pharmacology (J.P.W.) and Population Health (A.B.), University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia; National Council Research Institute of Clinical Physiology (G.I.), 56124 Pisa, Italy; Robertson Centre for Biostatistics (I.F.) and Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (D.J.S.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, United Kingdom; Department of Epidemiology (A.B.N.), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260; Department of Internal Medicine (S.J.L.B., R.P.D.), University Medical Center, University of Groningen, 9700 AB Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Medicine (C.W., C.D.), Division of Nephrology, University Hospital of Würzburg, and Comprehensive Heart Failure Centre (C.W., C.D.), 97070 Würzburg, Germany; Department of Clinical Studies (M.I.), Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Nagasaki 850-8555, Japan; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (G.C.), University of Parma, 143100 Parma, Italy; National Institute on Aging (L.F.), Baltimore, Maryland 21225; Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.), Clinical-Epidemiological Research/Study of Health in Pomerania, University Medicine, German Centre of Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site, Department of Internal Medicine (M.D.), and University Medicine (M.D.), German Centre of Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site, 17487 Greifswald, Germany; Departments of Neurology and Epidemiology (W.T.L.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit (W.T.L.), Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98108; Group Health Research Institute (B.M.P.), Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, Washington 98101; Division of Endocrinology (R.M.B.M., J.A.S.), Department of Medicine, Federal University of Sao Paulo, 05508-900 São Paulo, Brazil; Division of Endocrinology (J.A.S.), Faculdade de Medicina de Marília, Marília, Brazil; Department of Public Health and Primary Care (R.N.L., K.-T.K.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, United Kingdom; Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of The Netherlands (W.J.), 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands; School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (J.A.F.), College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom; and Department of Public Health and Center for Healthy Ageing (R.G.W.), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2400 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tinh-Hai Collet
- Departments of Internal Medicine (R.P.P., L.C., M.M.) and Epidemiology (R.P.P., O.H.F., A.D., A.H., A.I., L.C., M.L.P.P.), Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Rotterdam Thyroid Center (R.P.P., L.C., M.M.) and Department of Radiology and Neurology (M.A.I.), Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of General Internal Medicine (N.R., C.B., M.R.B.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (T.-H.C.), University Hospital of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Departments of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (W.P.J.d.E.), Public Health and Primary Care (J.G.), and Cardiology (W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands; Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (D.C.B.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (A.R.C.), Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104; Department of Epidemiology (A.H.), Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; Department of Endocrinology (S.R.), Gateshead Health Foundation National Health Service Trust, Gateshead, SE18 4QH, United Kingdom; Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes (J.P.W.), Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia; Schools of Medicine and Pharmacology (J.P.W.) and Population Health (A.B.), University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia; National Council Research Institute of Clinical Physiology (G.I.), 56124 Pisa, Italy; Robertson Centre for Biostatistics (I.F.) and Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (D.J.S.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, United Kingdom; Department of Epidemiology (A.B.N.), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260; Department of Internal Medicine (S.J.L.B., R.P.D.), University Medical Center, University of Groningen, 9700 AB Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Medicine (C.W., C.D.), Division of Nephrology, University Hospital of Würzburg, and Comprehensive Heart Failure Centre (C.W., C.D.), 97070 Würzburg, Germany; Department of Clinical Studies (M.I.), Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Nagasaki 850-8555, Japan; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (G.C.), University of Parma, 143100 Parma, Italy; National Institute on Aging (L.F.), Baltimore, Maryland 21225; Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.), Clinical-Epidemiological Research/Study of Health in Pomerania, University Medicine, German Centre of Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site, Department of Internal Medicine (M.D.), and University Medicine (M.D.), German Centre of Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site, 17487 Greifswald, Germany; Departments of Neurology and Epidemiology (W.T.L.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit (W.T.L.), Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98108; Group Health Research Institute (B.M.P.), Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, Washington 98101; Division of Endocrinology (R.M.B.M., J.A.S.), Department of Medicine, Federal University of Sao Paulo, 05508-900 São Paulo, Brazil; Division of Endocrinology (J.A.S.), Faculdade de Medicina de Marília, Marília, Brazil; Department of Public Health and Primary Care (R.N.L., K.-T.K.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, United Kingdom; Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of The Netherlands (W.J.), 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands; School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (J.A.F.), College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom; and Department of Public Health and Center for Healthy Ageing (R.G.W.), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2400 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M Arfan Ikram
- Departments of Internal Medicine (R.P.P., L.C., M.M.) and Epidemiology (R.P.P., O.H.F., A.D., A.H., A.I., L.C., M.L.P.P.), Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Rotterdam Thyroid Center (R.P.P., L.C., M.M.) and Department of Radiology and Neurology (M.A.I.), Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of General Internal Medicine (N.R., C.B., M.R.B.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (T.-H.C.), University Hospital of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Departments of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (W.P.J.d.E.), Public Health and Primary Care (J.G.), and Cardiology (W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands; Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (D.C.B.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (A.R.C.), Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104; Department of Epidemiology (A.H.), Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; Department of Endocrinology (S.R.), Gateshead Health Foundation National Health Service Trust, Gateshead, SE18 4QH, United Kingdom; Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes (J.P.W.), Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia; Schools of Medicine and Pharmacology (J.P.W.) and Population Health (A.B.), University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia; National Council Research Institute of Clinical Physiology (G.I.), 56124 Pisa, Italy; Robertson Centre for Biostatistics (I.F.) and Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (D.J.S.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, United Kingdom; Department of Epidemiology (A.B.N.), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260; Department of Internal Medicine (S.J.L.B., R.P.D.), University Medical Center, University of Groningen, 9700 AB Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Medicine (C.W., C.D.), Division of Nephrology, University Hospital of Würzburg, and Comprehensive Heart Failure Centre (C.W., C.D.), 97070 Würzburg, Germany; Department of Clinical Studies (M.I.), Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Nagasaki 850-8555, Japan; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (G.C.), University of Parma, 143100 Parma, Italy; National Institute on Aging (L.F.), Baltimore, Maryland 21225; Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.), Clinical-Epidemiological Research/Study of Health in Pomerania, University Medicine, German Centre of Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site, Department of Internal Medicine (M.D.), and University Medicine (M.D.), German Centre of Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site, 17487 Greifswald, Germany; Departments of Neurology and Epidemiology (W.T.L.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit (W.T.L.), Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98108; Group Health Research Institute (B.M.P.), Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, Washington 98101; Division of Endocrinology (R.M.B.M., J.A.S.), Department of Medicine, Federal University of Sao Paulo, 05508-900 São Paulo, Brazil; Division of Endocrinology (J.A.S.), Faculdade de Medicina de Marília, Marília, Brazil; Department of Public Health and Primary Care (R.N.L., K.-T.K.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, United Kingdom; Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of The Netherlands (W.J.), 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands; School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (J.A.F.), College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom; and Department of Public Health and Center for Healthy Ageing (R.G.W.), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2400 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Manuel R Blum
- Departments of Internal Medicine (R.P.P., L.C., M.M.) and Epidemiology (R.P.P., O.H.F., A.D., A.H., A.I., L.C., M.L.P.P.), Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Rotterdam Thyroid Center (R.P.P., L.C., M.M.) and Department of Radiology and Neurology (M.A.I.), Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of General Internal Medicine (N.R., C.B., M.R.B.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (T.-H.C.), University Hospital of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Departments of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (W.P.J.d.E.), Public Health and Primary Care (J.G.), and Cardiology (W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands; Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (D.C.B.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (A.R.C.), Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104; Department of Epidemiology (A.H.), Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; Department of Endocrinology (S.R.), Gateshead Health Foundation National Health Service Trust, Gateshead, SE18 4QH, United Kingdom; Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes (J.P.W.), Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia; Schools of Medicine and Pharmacology (J.P.W.) and Population Health (A.B.), University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia; National Council Research Institute of Clinical Physiology (G.I.), 56124 Pisa, Italy; Robertson Centre for Biostatistics (I.F.) and Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (D.J.S.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, United Kingdom; Department of Epidemiology (A.B.N.), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260; Department of Internal Medicine (S.J.L.B., R.P.D.), University Medical Center, University of Groningen, 9700 AB Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Medicine (C.W., C.D.), Division of Nephrology, University Hospital of Würzburg, and Comprehensive Heart Failure Centre (C.W., C.D.), 97070 Würzburg, Germany; Department of Clinical Studies (M.I.), Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Nagasaki 850-8555, Japan; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (G.C.), University of Parma, 143100 Parma, Italy; National Institute on Aging (L.F.), Baltimore, Maryland 21225; Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.), Clinical-Epidemiological Research/Study of Health in Pomerania, University Medicine, German Centre of Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site, Department of Internal Medicine (M.D.), and University Medicine (M.D.), German Centre of Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site, 17487 Greifswald, Germany; Departments of Neurology and Epidemiology (W.T.L.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit (W.T.L.), Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98108; Group Health Research Institute (B.M.P.), Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, Washington 98101; Division of Endocrinology (R.M.B.M., J.A.S.), Department of Medicine, Federal University of Sao Paulo, 05508-900 São Paulo, Brazil; Division of Endocrinology (J.A.S.), Faculdade de Medicina de Marília, Marília, Brazil; Department of Public Health and Primary Care (R.N.L., K.-T.K.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, United Kingdom; Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of The Netherlands (W.J.), 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands; School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (J.A.F.), College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom; and Department of Public Health and Center for Healthy Ageing (R.G.W.), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2400 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Abbas Dehghan
- Departments of Internal Medicine (R.P.P., L.C., M.M.) and Epidemiology (R.P.P., O.H.F., A.D., A.H., A.I., L.C., M.L.P.P.), Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Rotterdam Thyroid Center (R.P.P., L.C., M.M.) and Department of Radiology and Neurology (M.A.I.), Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of General Internal Medicine (N.R., C.B., M.R.B.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (T.-H.C.), University Hospital of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Departments of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (W.P.J.d.E.), Public Health and Primary Care (J.G.), and Cardiology (W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands; Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (D.C.B.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (A.R.C.), Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104; Department of Epidemiology (A.H.), Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; Department of Endocrinology (S.R.), Gateshead Health Foundation National Health Service Trust, Gateshead, SE18 4QH, United Kingdom; Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes (J.P.W.), Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia; Schools of Medicine and Pharmacology (J.P.W.) and Population Health (A.B.), University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia; National Council Research Institute of Clinical Physiology (G.I.), 56124 Pisa, Italy; Robertson Centre for Biostatistics (I.F.) and Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (D.J.S.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, United Kingdom; Department of Epidemiology (A.B.N.), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260; Department of Internal Medicine (S.J.L.B., R.P.D.), University Medical Center, University of Groningen, 9700 AB Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Medicine (C.W., C.D.), Division of Nephrology, University Hospital of Würzburg, and Comprehensive Heart Failure Centre (C.W., C.D.), 97070 Würzburg, Germany; Department of Clinical Studies (M.I.), Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Nagasaki 850-8555, Japan; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (G.C.), University of Parma, 143100 Parma, Italy; National Institute on Aging (L.F.), Baltimore, Maryland 21225; Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.), Clinical-Epidemiological Research/Study of Health in Pomerania, University Medicine, German Centre of Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site, Department of Internal Medicine (M.D.), and University Medicine (M.D.), German Centre of Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site, 17487 Greifswald, Germany; Departments of Neurology and Epidemiology (W.T.L.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit (W.T.L.), Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98108; Group Health Research Institute (B.M.P.), Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, Washington 98101; Division of Endocrinology (R.M.B.M., J.A.S.), Department of Medicine, Federal University of Sao Paulo, 05508-900 São Paulo, Brazil; Division of Endocrinology (J.A.S.), Faculdade de Medicina de Marília, Marília, Brazil; Department of Public Health and Primary Care (R.N.L., K.-T.K.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, United Kingdom; Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of The Netherlands (W.J.), 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands; School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (J.A.F.), College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom; and Department of Public Health and Center for Healthy Ageing (R.G.W.), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2400 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christiane Drechsler
- Departments of Internal Medicine (R.P.P., L.C., M.M.) and Epidemiology (R.P.P., O.H.F., A.D., A.H., A.I., L.C., M.L.P.P.), Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Rotterdam Thyroid Center (R.P.P., L.C., M.M.) and Department of Radiology and Neurology (M.A.I.), Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of General Internal Medicine (N.R., C.B., M.R.B.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (T.-H.C.), University Hospital of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Departments of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (W.P.J.d.E.), Public Health and Primary Care (J.G.), and Cardiology (W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands; Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (D.C.B.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (A.R.C.), Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104; Department of Epidemiology (A.H.), Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; Department of Endocrinology (S.R.), Gateshead Health Foundation National Health Service Trust, Gateshead, SE18 4QH, United Kingdom; Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes (J.P.W.), Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia; Schools of Medicine and Pharmacology (J.P.W.) and Population Health (A.B.), University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia; National Council Research Institute of Clinical Physiology (G.I.), 56124 Pisa, Italy; Robertson Centre for Biostatistics (I.F.) and Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (D.J.S.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, United Kingdom; Department of Epidemiology (A.B.N.), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260; Department of Internal Medicine (S.J.L.B., R.P.D.), University Medical Center, University of Groningen, 9700 AB Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Medicine (C.W., C.D.), Division of Nephrology, University Hospital of Würzburg, and Comprehensive Heart Failure Centre (C.W., C.D.), 97070 Würzburg, Germany; Department of Clinical Studies (M.I.), Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Nagasaki 850-8555, Japan; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (G.C.), University of Parma, 143100 Parma, Italy; National Institute on Aging (L.F.), Baltimore, Maryland 21225; Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.), Clinical-Epidemiological Research/Study of Health in Pomerania, University Medicine, German Centre of Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site, Department of Internal Medicine (M.D.), and University Medicine (M.D.), German Centre of Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site, 17487 Greifswald, Germany; Departments of Neurology and Epidemiology (W.T.L.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit (W.T.L.), Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98108; Group Health Research Institute (B.M.P.), Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, Washington 98101; Division of Endocrinology (R.M.B.M., J.A.S.), Department of Medicine, Federal University of Sao Paulo, 05508-900 São Paulo, Brazil; Division of Endocrinology (J.A.S.), Faculdade de Medicina de Marília, Marília, Brazil; Department of Public Health and Primary Care (R.N.L., K.-T.K.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, United Kingdom; Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of The Netherlands (W.J.), 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands; School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (J.A.F.), College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom; and Department of Public Health and Center for Healthy Ageing (R.G.W.), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2400 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Robert N Luben
- Departments of Internal Medicine (R.P.P., L.C., M.M.) and Epidemiology (R.P.P., O.H.F., A.D., A.H., A.I., L.C., M.L.P.P.), Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Rotterdam Thyroid Center (R.P.P., L.C., M.M.) and Department of Radiology and Neurology (M.A.I.), Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of General Internal Medicine (N.R., C.B., M.R.B.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (T.-H.C.), University Hospital of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Departments of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (W.P.J.d.E.), Public Health and Primary Care (J.G.), and Cardiology (W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands; Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (D.C.B.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (A.R.C.), Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104; Department of Epidemiology (A.H.), Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; Department of Endocrinology (S.R.), Gateshead Health Foundation National Health Service Trust, Gateshead, SE18 4QH, United Kingdom; Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes (J.P.W.), Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia; Schools of Medicine and Pharmacology (J.P.W.) and Population Health (A.B.), University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia; National Council Research Institute of Clinical Physiology (G.I.), 56124 Pisa, Italy; Robertson Centre for Biostatistics (I.F.) and Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (D.J.S.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, United Kingdom; Department of Epidemiology (A.B.N.), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260; Department of Internal Medicine (S.J.L.B., R.P.D.), University Medical Center, University of Groningen, 9700 AB Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Medicine (C.W., C.D.), Division of Nephrology, University Hospital of Würzburg, and Comprehensive Heart Failure Centre (C.W., C.D.), 97070 Würzburg, Germany; Department of Clinical Studies (M.I.), Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Nagasaki 850-8555, Japan; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (G.C.), University of Parma, 143100 Parma, Italy; National Institute on Aging (L.F.), Baltimore, Maryland 21225; Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.), Clinical-Epidemiological Research/Study of Health in Pomerania, University Medicine, German Centre of Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site, Department of Internal Medicine (M.D.), and University Medicine (M.D.), German Centre of Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site, 17487 Greifswald, Germany; Departments of Neurology and Epidemiology (W.T.L.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit (W.T.L.), Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98108; Group Health Research Institute (B.M.P.), Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, Washington 98101; Division of Endocrinology (R.M.B.M., J.A.S.), Department of Medicine, Federal University of Sao Paulo, 05508-900 São Paulo, Brazil; Division of Endocrinology (J.A.S.), Faculdade de Medicina de Marília, Marília, Brazil; Department of Public Health and Primary Care (R.N.L., K.-T.K.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, United Kingdom; Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of The Netherlands (W.J.), 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands; School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (J.A.F.), College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom; and Department of Public Health and Center for Healthy Ageing (R.G.W.), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2400 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marileen L P Portegies
- Departments of Internal Medicine (R.P.P., L.C., M.M.) and Epidemiology (R.P.P., O.H.F., A.D., A.H., A.I., L.C., M.L.P.P.), Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Rotterdam Thyroid Center (R.P.P., L.C., M.M.) and Department of Radiology and Neurology (M.A.I.), Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of General Internal Medicine (N.R., C.B., M.R.B.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (T.-H.C.), University Hospital of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Departments of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (W.P.J.d.E.), Public Health and Primary Care (J.G.), and Cardiology (W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands; Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (D.C.B.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (A.R.C.), Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104; Department of Epidemiology (A.H.), Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; Department of Endocrinology (S.R.), Gateshead Health Foundation National Health Service Trust, Gateshead, SE18 4QH, United Kingdom; Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes (J.P.W.), Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia; Schools of Medicine and Pharmacology (J.P.W.) and Population Health (A.B.), University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia; National Council Research Institute of Clinical Physiology (G.I.), 56124 Pisa, Italy; Robertson Centre for Biostatistics (I.F.) and Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (D.J.S.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, United Kingdom; Department of Epidemiology (A.B.N.), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260; Department of Internal Medicine (S.J.L.B., R.P.D.), University Medical Center, University of Groningen, 9700 AB Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Medicine (C.W., C.D.), Division of Nephrology, University Hospital of Würzburg, and Comprehensive Heart Failure Centre (C.W., C.D.), 97070 Würzburg, Germany; Department of Clinical Studies (M.I.), Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Nagasaki 850-8555, Japan; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (G.C.), University of Parma, 143100 Parma, Italy; National Institute on Aging (L.F.), Baltimore, Maryland 21225; Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.), Clinical-Epidemiological Research/Study of Health in Pomerania, University Medicine, German Centre of Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site, Department of Internal Medicine (M.D.), and University Medicine (M.D.), German Centre of Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site, 17487 Greifswald, Germany; Departments of Neurology and Epidemiology (W.T.L.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit (W.T.L.), Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98108; Group Health Research Institute (B.M.P.), Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, Washington 98101; Division of Endocrinology (R.M.B.M., J.A.S.), Department of Medicine, Federal University of Sao Paulo, 05508-900 São Paulo, Brazil; Division of Endocrinology (J.A.S.), Faculdade de Medicina de Marília, Marília, Brazil; Department of Public Health and Primary Care (R.N.L., K.-T.K.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, United Kingdom; Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of The Netherlands (W.J.), 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands; School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (J.A.F.), College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom; and Department of Public Health and Center for Healthy Ageing (R.G.W.), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2400 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Giorgio Iervasi
- Departments of Internal Medicine (R.P.P., L.C., M.M.) and Epidemiology (R.P.P., O.H.F., A.D., A.H., A.I., L.C., M.L.P.P.), Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Rotterdam Thyroid Center (R.P.P., L.C., M.M.) and Department of Radiology and Neurology (M.A.I.), Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of General Internal Medicine (N.R., C.B., M.R.B.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (T.-H.C.), University Hospital of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Departments of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (W.P.J.d.E.), Public Health and Primary Care (J.G.), and Cardiology (W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands; Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (D.C.B.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (A.R.C.), Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104; Department of Epidemiology (A.H.), Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; Department of Endocrinology (S.R.), Gateshead Health Foundation National Health Service Trust, Gateshead, SE18 4QH, United Kingdom; Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes (J.P.W.), Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia; Schools of Medicine and Pharmacology (J.P.W.) and Population Health (A.B.), University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia; National Council Research Institute of Clinical Physiology (G.I.), 56124 Pisa, Italy; Robertson Centre for Biostatistics (I.F.) and Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (D.J.S.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, United Kingdom; Department of Epidemiology (A.B.N.), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260; Department of Internal Medicine (S.J.L.B., R.P.D.), University Medical Center, University of Groningen, 9700 AB Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Medicine (C.W., C.D.), Division of Nephrology, University Hospital of Würzburg, and Comprehensive Heart Failure Centre (C.W., C.D.), 97070 Würzburg, Germany; Department of Clinical Studies (M.I.), Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Nagasaki 850-8555, Japan; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (G.C.), University of Parma, 143100 Parma, Italy; National Institute on Aging (L.F.), Baltimore, Maryland 21225; Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.), Clinical-Epidemiological Research/Study of Health in Pomerania, University Medicine, German Centre of Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site, Department of Internal Medicine (M.D.), and University Medicine (M.D.), German Centre of Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site, 17487 Greifswald, Germany; Departments of Neurology and Epidemiology (W.T.L.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit (W.T.L.), Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98108; Group Health Research Institute (B.M.P.), Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, Washington 98101; Division of Endocrinology (R.M.B.M., J.A.S.), Department of Medicine, Federal University of Sao Paulo, 05508-900 São Paulo, Brazil; Division of Endocrinology (J.A.S.), Faculdade de Medicina de Marília, Marília, Brazil; Department of Public Health and Primary Care (R.N.L., K.-T.K.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, United Kingdom; Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of The Netherlands (W.J.), 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands; School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (J.A.F.), College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom; and Department of Public Health and Center for Healthy Ageing (R.G.W.), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2400 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marco Medici
- Departments of Internal Medicine (R.P.P., L.C., M.M.) and Epidemiology (R.P.P., O.H.F., A.D., A.H., A.I., L.C., M.L.P.P.), Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Rotterdam Thyroid Center (R.P.P., L.C., M.M.) and Department of Radiology and Neurology (M.A.I.), Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of General Internal Medicine (N.R., C.B., M.R.B.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (T.-H.C.), University Hospital of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Departments of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (W.P.J.d.E.), Public Health and Primary Care (J.G.), and Cardiology (W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands; Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (D.C.B.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (A.R.C.), Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104; Department of Epidemiology (A.H.), Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; Department of Endocrinology (S.R.), Gateshead Health Foundation National Health Service Trust, Gateshead, SE18 4QH, United Kingdom; Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes (J.P.W.), Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia; Schools of Medicine and Pharmacology (J.P.W.) and Population Health (A.B.), University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia; National Council Research Institute of Clinical Physiology (G.I.), 56124 Pisa, Italy; Robertson Centre for Biostatistics (I.F.) and Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (D.J.S.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, United Kingdom; Department of Epidemiology (A.B.N.), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260; Department of Internal Medicine (S.J.L.B., R.P.D.), University Medical Center, University of Groningen, 9700 AB Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Medicine (C.W., C.D.), Division of Nephrology, University Hospital of Würzburg, and Comprehensive Heart Failure Centre (C.W., C.D.), 97070 Würzburg, Germany; Department of Clinical Studies (M.I.), Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Nagasaki 850-8555, Japan; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (G.C.), University of Parma, 143100 Parma, Italy; National Institute on Aging (L.F.), Baltimore, Maryland 21225; Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.), Clinical-Epidemiological Research/Study of Health in Pomerania, University Medicine, German Centre of Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site, Department of Internal Medicine (M.D.), and University Medicine (M.D.), German Centre of Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site, 17487 Greifswald, Germany; Departments of Neurology and Epidemiology (W.T.L.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit (W.T.L.), Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98108; Group Health Research Institute (B.M.P.), Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, Washington 98101; Division of Endocrinology (R.M.B.M., J.A.S.), Department of Medicine, Federal University of Sao Paulo, 05508-900 São Paulo, Brazil; Division of Endocrinology (J.A.S.), Faculdade de Medicina de Marília, Marília, Brazil; Department of Public Health and Primary Care (R.N.L., K.-T.K.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, United Kingdom; Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of The Netherlands (W.J.), 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands; School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (J.A.F.), College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom; and Department of Public Health and Center for Healthy Ageing (R.G.W.), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2400 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - David J Stott
- Departments of Internal Medicine (R.P.P., L.C., M.M.) and Epidemiology (R.P.P., O.H.F., A.D., A.H., A.I., L.C., M.L.P.P.), Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Rotterdam Thyroid Center (R.P.P., L.C., M.M.) and Department of Radiology and Neurology (M.A.I.), Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of General Internal Medicine (N.R., C.B., M.R.B.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (T.-H.C.), University Hospital of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Departments of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (W.P.J.d.E.), Public Health and Primary Care (J.G.), and Cardiology (W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands; Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (D.C.B.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (A.R.C.), Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104; Department of Epidemiology (A.H.), Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; Department of Endocrinology (S.R.), Gateshead Health Foundation National Health Service Trust, Gateshead, SE18 4QH, United Kingdom; Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes (J.P.W.), Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia; Schools of Medicine and Pharmacology (J.P.W.) and Population Health (A.B.), University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia; National Council Research Institute of Clinical Physiology (G.I.), 56124 Pisa, Italy; Robertson Centre for Biostatistics (I.F.) and Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (D.J.S.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, United Kingdom; Department of Epidemiology (A.B.N.), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260; Department of Internal Medicine (S.J.L.B., R.P.D.), University Medical Center, University of Groningen, 9700 AB Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Medicine (C.W., C.D.), Division of Nephrology, University Hospital of Würzburg, and Comprehensive Heart Failure Centre (C.W., C.D.), 97070 Würzburg, Germany; Department of Clinical Studies (M.I.), Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Nagasaki 850-8555, Japan; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (G.C.), University of Parma, 143100 Parma, Italy; National Institute on Aging (L.F.), Baltimore, Maryland 21225; Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.), Clinical-Epidemiological Research/Study of Health in Pomerania, University Medicine, German Centre of Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site, Department of Internal Medicine (M.D.), and University Medicine (M.D.), German Centre of Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site, 17487 Greifswald, Germany; Departments of Neurology and Epidemiology (W.T.L.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit (W.T.L.), Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98108; Group Health Research Institute (B.M.P.), Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, Washington 98101; Division of Endocrinology (R.M.B.M., J.A.S.), Department of Medicine, Federal University of Sao Paulo, 05508-900 São Paulo, Brazil; Division of Endocrinology (J.A.S.), Faculdade de Medicina de Marília, Marília, Brazil; Department of Public Health and Primary Care (R.N.L., K.-T.K.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, United Kingdom; Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of The Netherlands (W.J.), 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands; School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (J.A.F.), College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom; and Department of Public Health and Center for Healthy Ageing (R.G.W.), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2400 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Robin P Dullaart
- Departments of Internal Medicine (R.P.P., L.C., M.M.) and Epidemiology (R.P.P., O.H.F., A.D., A.H., A.I., L.C., M.L.P.P.), Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Rotterdam Thyroid Center (R.P.P., L.C., M.M.) and Department of Radiology and Neurology (M.A.I.), Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of General Internal Medicine (N.R., C.B., M.R.B.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (T.-H.C.), University Hospital of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Departments of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (W.P.J.d.E.), Public Health and Primary Care (J.G.), and Cardiology (W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands; Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (D.C.B.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (A.R.C.), Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104; Department of Epidemiology (A.H.), Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; Department of Endocrinology (S.R.), Gateshead Health Foundation National Health Service Trust, Gateshead, SE18 4QH, United Kingdom; Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes (J.P.W.), Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia; Schools of Medicine and Pharmacology (J.P.W.) and Population Health (A.B.), University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia; National Council Research Institute of Clinical Physiology (G.I.), 56124 Pisa, Italy; Robertson Centre for Biostatistics (I.F.) and Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (D.J.S.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, United Kingdom; Department of Epidemiology (A.B.N.), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260; Department of Internal Medicine (S.J.L.B., R.P.D.), University Medical Center, University of Groningen, 9700 AB Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Medicine (C.W., C.D.), Division of Nephrology, University Hospital of Würzburg, and Comprehensive Heart Failure Centre (C.W., C.D.), 97070 Würzburg, Germany; Department of Clinical Studies (M.I.), Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Nagasaki 850-8555, Japan; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (G.C.), University of Parma, 143100 Parma, Italy; National Institute on Aging (L.F.), Baltimore, Maryland 21225; Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.), Clinical-Epidemiological Research/Study of Health in Pomerania, University Medicine, German Centre of Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site, Department of Internal Medicine (M.D.), and University Medicine (M.D.), German Centre of Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site, 17487 Greifswald, Germany; Departments of Neurology and Epidemiology (W.T.L.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit (W.T.L.), Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98108; Group Health Research Institute (B.M.P.), Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, Washington 98101; Division of Endocrinology (R.M.B.M., J.A.S.), Department of Medicine, Federal University of Sao Paulo, 05508-900 São Paulo, Brazil; Division of Endocrinology (J.A.S.), Faculdade de Medicina de Marília, Marília, Brazil; Department of Public Health and Primary Care (R.N.L., K.-T.K.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, United Kingdom; Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of The Netherlands (W.J.), 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands; School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (J.A.F.), College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom; and Department of Public Health and Center for Healthy Ageing (R.G.W.), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2400 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ian Ford
- Departments of Internal Medicine (R.P.P., L.C., M.M.) and Epidemiology (R.P.P., O.H.F., A.D., A.H., A.I., L.C., M.L.P.P.), Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Rotterdam Thyroid Center (R.P.P., L.C., M.M.) and Department of Radiology and Neurology (M.A.I.), Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of General Internal Medicine (N.R., C.B., M.R.B.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (T.-H.C.), University Hospital of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Departments of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (W.P.J.d.E.), Public Health and Primary Care (J.G.), and Cardiology (W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands; Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (D.C.B.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (A.R.C.), Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104; Department of Epidemiology (A.H.), Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; Department of Endocrinology (S.R.), Gateshead Health Foundation National Health Service Trust, Gateshead, SE18 4QH, United Kingdom; Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes (J.P.W.), Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia; Schools of Medicine and Pharmacology (J.P.W.) and Population Health (A.B.), University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia; National Council Research Institute of Clinical Physiology (G.I.), 56124 Pisa, Italy; Robertson Centre for Biostatistics (I.F.) and Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (D.J.S.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, United Kingdom; Department of Epidemiology (A.B.N.), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260; Department of Internal Medicine (S.J.L.B., R.P.D.), University Medical Center, University of Groningen, 9700 AB Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Medicine (C.W., C.D.), Division of Nephrology, University Hospital of Würzburg, and Comprehensive Heart Failure Centre (C.W., C.D.), 97070 Würzburg, Germany; Department of Clinical Studies (M.I.), Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Nagasaki 850-8555, Japan; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (G.C.), University of Parma, 143100 Parma, Italy; National Institute on Aging (L.F.), Baltimore, Maryland 21225; Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.), Clinical-Epidemiological Research/Study of Health in Pomerania, University Medicine, German Centre of Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site, Department of Internal Medicine (M.D.), and University Medicine (M.D.), German Centre of Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site, 17487 Greifswald, Germany; Departments of Neurology and Epidemiology (W.T.L.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit (W.T.L.), Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98108; Group Health Research Institute (B.M.P.), Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, Washington 98101; Division of Endocrinology (R.M.B.M., J.A.S.), Department of Medicine, Federal University of Sao Paulo, 05508-900 São Paulo, Brazil; Division of Endocrinology (J.A.S.), Faculdade de Medicina de Marília, Marília, Brazil; Department of Public Health and Primary Care (R.N.L., K.-T.K.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, United Kingdom; Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of The Netherlands (W.J.), 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands; School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (J.A.F.), College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom; and Department of Public Health and Center for Healthy Ageing (R.G.W.), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2400 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alexandra Bremner
- Departments of Internal Medicine (R.P.P., L.C., M.M.) and Epidemiology (R.P.P., O.H.F., A.D., A.H., A.I., L.C., M.L.P.P.), Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Rotterdam Thyroid Center (R.P.P., L.C., M.M.) and Department of Radiology and Neurology (M.A.I.), Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of General Internal Medicine (N.R., C.B., M.R.B.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (T.-H.C.), University Hospital of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Departments of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (W.P.J.d.E.), Public Health and Primary Care (J.G.), and Cardiology (W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands; Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (D.C.B.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (A.R.C.), Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104; Department of Epidemiology (A.H.), Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; Department of Endocrinology (S.R.), Gateshead Health Foundation National Health Service Trust, Gateshead, SE18 4QH, United Kingdom; Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes (J.P.W.), Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia; Schools of Medicine and Pharmacology (J.P.W.) and Population Health (A.B.), University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia; National Council Research Institute of Clinical Physiology (G.I.), 56124 Pisa, Italy; Robertson Centre for Biostatistics (I.F.) and Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (D.J.S.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, United Kingdom; Department of Epidemiology (A.B.N.), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260; Department of Internal Medicine (S.J.L.B., R.P.D.), University Medical Center, University of Groningen, 9700 AB Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Medicine (C.W., C.D.), Division of Nephrology, University Hospital of Würzburg, and Comprehensive Heart Failure Centre (C.W., C.D.), 97070 Würzburg, Germany; Department of Clinical Studies (M.I.), Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Nagasaki 850-8555, Japan; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (G.C.), University of Parma, 143100 Parma, Italy; National Institute on Aging (L.F.), Baltimore, Maryland 21225; Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.), Clinical-Epidemiological Research/Study of Health in Pomerania, University Medicine, German Centre of Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site, Department of Internal Medicine (M.D.), and University Medicine (M.D.), German Centre of Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site, 17487 Greifswald, Germany; Departments of Neurology and Epidemiology (W.T.L.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit (W.T.L.), Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98108; Group Health Research Institute (B.M.P.), Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, Washington 98101; Division of Endocrinology (R.M.B.M., J.A.S.), Department of Medicine, Federal University of Sao Paulo, 05508-900 São Paulo, Brazil; Division of Endocrinology (J.A.S.), Faculdade de Medicina de Marília, Marília, Brazil; Department of Public Health and Primary Care (R.N.L., K.-T.K.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, United Kingdom; Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of The Netherlands (W.J.), 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands; School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (J.A.F.), College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom; and Department of Public Health and Center for Healthy Ageing (R.G.W.), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2400 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne B Newman
- Departments of Internal Medicine (R.P.P., L.C., M.M.) and Epidemiology (R.P.P., O.H.F., A.D., A.H., A.I., L.C., M.L.P.P.), Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Rotterdam Thyroid Center (R.P.P., L.C., M.M.) and Department of Radiology and Neurology (M.A.I.), Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of General Internal Medicine (N.R., C.B., M.R.B.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (T.-H.C.), University Hospital of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Departments of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (W.P.J.d.E.), Public Health and Primary Care (J.G.), and Cardiology (W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands; Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (D.C.B.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (A.R.C.), Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104; Department of Epidemiology (A.H.), Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; Department of Endocrinology (S.R.), Gateshead Health Foundation National Health Service Trust, Gateshead, SE18 4QH, United Kingdom; Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes (J.P.W.), Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia; Schools of Medicine and Pharmacology (J.P.W.) and Population Health (A.B.), University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia; National Council Research Institute of Clinical Physiology (G.I.), 56124 Pisa, Italy; Robertson Centre for Biostatistics (I.F.) and Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (D.J.S.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, United Kingdom; Department of Epidemiology (A.B.N.), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260; Department of Internal Medicine (S.J.L.B., R.P.D.), University Medical Center, University of Groningen, 9700 AB Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Medicine (C.W., C.D.), Division of Nephrology, University Hospital of Würzburg, and Comprehensive Heart Failure Centre (C.W., C.D.), 97070 Würzburg, Germany; Department of Clinical Studies (M.I.), Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Nagasaki 850-8555, Japan; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (G.C.), University of Parma, 143100 Parma, Italy; National Institute on Aging (L.F.), Baltimore, Maryland 21225; Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.), Clinical-Epidemiological Research/Study of Health in Pomerania, University Medicine, German Centre of Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site, Department of Internal Medicine (M.D.), and University Medicine (M.D.), German Centre of Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site, 17487 Greifswald, Germany; Departments of Neurology and Epidemiology (W.T.L.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit (W.T.L.), Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98108; Group Health Research Institute (B.M.P.), Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, Washington 98101; Division of Endocrinology (R.M.B.M., J.A.S.), Department of Medicine, Federal University of Sao Paulo, 05508-900 São Paulo, Brazil; Division of Endocrinology (J.A.S.), Faculdade de Medicina de Marília, Marília, Brazil; Department of Public Health and Primary Care (R.N.L., K.-T.K.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, United Kingdom; Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of The Netherlands (W.J.), 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands; School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (J.A.F.), College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom; and Department of Public Health and Center for Healthy Ageing (R.G.W.), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2400 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christoph Wanner
- Departments of Internal Medicine (R.P.P., L.C., M.M.) and Epidemiology (R.P.P., O.H.F., A.D., A.H., A.I., L.C., M.L.P.P.), Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Rotterdam Thyroid Center (R.P.P., L.C., M.M.) and Department of Radiology and Neurology (M.A.I.), Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of General Internal Medicine (N.R., C.B., M.R.B.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (T.-H.C.), University Hospital of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Departments of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (W.P.J.d.E.), Public Health and Primary Care (J.G.), and Cardiology (W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands; Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (D.C.B.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (A.R.C.), Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104; Department of Epidemiology (A.H.), Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; Department of Endocrinology (S.R.), Gateshead Health Foundation National Health Service Trust, Gateshead, SE18 4QH, United Kingdom; Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes (J.P.W.), Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia; Schools of Medicine and Pharmacology (J.P.W.) and Population Health (A.B.), University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia; National Council Research Institute of Clinical Physiology (G.I.), 56124 Pisa, Italy; Robertson Centre for Biostatistics (I.F.) and Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (D.J.S.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, United Kingdom; Department of Epidemiology (A.B.N.), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260; Department of Internal Medicine (S.J.L.B., R.P.D.), University Medical Center, University of Groningen, 9700 AB Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Medicine (C.W., C.D.), Division of Nephrology, University Hospital of Würzburg, and Comprehensive Heart Failure Centre (C.W., C.D.), 97070 Würzburg, Germany; Department of Clinical Studies (M.I.), Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Nagasaki 850-8555, Japan; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (G.C.), University of Parma, 143100 Parma, Italy; National Institute on Aging (L.F.), Baltimore, Maryland 21225; Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.), Clinical-Epidemiological Research/Study of Health in Pomerania, University Medicine, German Centre of Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site, Department of Internal Medicine (M.D.), and University Medicine (M.D.), German Centre of Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site, 17487 Greifswald, Germany; Departments of Neurology and Epidemiology (W.T.L.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit (W.T.L.), Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98108; Group Health Research Institute (B.M.P.), Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, Washington 98101; Division of Endocrinology (R.M.B.M., J.A.S.), Department of Medicine, Federal University of Sao Paulo, 05508-900 São Paulo, Brazil; Division of Endocrinology (J.A.S.), Faculdade de Medicina de Marília, Marília, Brazil; Department of Public Health and Primary Care (R.N.L., K.-T.K.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, United Kingdom; Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of The Netherlands (W.J.), 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands; School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (J.A.F.), College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom; and Department of Public Health and Center for Healthy Ageing (R.G.W.), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2400 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - José A Sgarbi
- Departments of Internal Medicine (R.P.P., L.C., M.M.) and Epidemiology (R.P.P., O.H.F., A.D., A.H., A.I., L.C., M.L.P.P.), Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Rotterdam Thyroid Center (R.P.P., L.C., M.M.) and Department of Radiology and Neurology (M.A.I.), Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of General Internal Medicine (N.R., C.B., M.R.B.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (T.-H.C.), University Hospital of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Departments of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (W.P.J.d.E.), Public Health and Primary Care (J.G.), and Cardiology (W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands; Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (D.C.B.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (A.R.C.), Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104; Department of Epidemiology (A.H.), Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; Department of Endocrinology (S.R.), Gateshead Health Foundation National Health Service Trust, Gateshead, SE18 4QH, United Kingdom; Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes (J.P.W.), Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia; Schools of Medicine and Pharmacology (J.P.W.) and Population Health (A.B.), University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia; National Council Research Institute of Clinical Physiology (G.I.), 56124 Pisa, Italy; Robertson Centre for Biostatistics (I.F.) and Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (D.J.S.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, United Kingdom; Department of Epidemiology (A.B.N.), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260; Department of Internal Medicine (S.J.L.B., R.P.D.), University Medical Center, University of Groningen, 9700 AB Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Medicine (C.W., C.D.), Division of Nephrology, University Hospital of Würzburg, and Comprehensive Heart Failure Centre (C.W., C.D.), 97070 Würzburg, Germany; Department of Clinical Studies (M.I.), Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Nagasaki 850-8555, Japan; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (G.C.), University of Parma, 143100 Parma, Italy; National Institute on Aging (L.F.), Baltimore, Maryland 21225; Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.), Clinical-Epidemiological Research/Study of Health in Pomerania, University Medicine, German Centre of Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site, Department of Internal Medicine (M.D.), and University Medicine (M.D.), German Centre of Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site, 17487 Greifswald, Germany; Departments of Neurology and Epidemiology (W.T.L.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit (W.T.L.), Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98108; Group Health Research Institute (B.M.P.), Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, Washington 98101; Division of Endocrinology (R.M.B.M., J.A.S.), Department of Medicine, Federal University of Sao Paulo, 05508-900 São Paulo, Brazil; Division of Endocrinology (J.A.S.), Faculdade de Medicina de Marília, Marília, Brazil; Department of Public Health and Primary Care (R.N.L., K.-T.K.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, United Kingdom; Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of The Netherlands (W.J.), 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands; School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (J.A.F.), College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom; and Department of Public Health and Center for Healthy Ageing (R.G.W.), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2400 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marcus Dörr
- Departments of Internal Medicine (R.P.P., L.C., M.M.) and Epidemiology (R.P.P., O.H.F., A.D., A.H., A.I., L.C., M.L.P.P.), Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Rotterdam Thyroid Center (R.P.P., L.C., M.M.) and Department of Radiology and Neurology (M.A.I.), Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of General Internal Medicine (N.R., C.B., M.R.B.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (T.-H.C.), University Hospital of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Departments of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (W.P.J.d.E.), Public Health and Primary Care (J.G.), and Cardiology (W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands; Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (D.C.B.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (A.R.C.), Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104; Department of Epidemiology (A.H.), Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; Department of Endocrinology (S.R.), Gateshead Health Foundation National Health Service Trust, Gateshead, SE18 4QH, United Kingdom; Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes (J.P.W.), Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia; Schools of Medicine and Pharmacology (J.P.W.) and Population Health (A.B.), University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia; National Council Research Institute of Clinical Physiology (G.I.), 56124 Pisa, Italy; Robertson Centre for Biostatistics (I.F.) and Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (D.J.S.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, United Kingdom; Department of Epidemiology (A.B.N.), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260; Department of Internal Medicine (S.J.L.B., R.P.D.), University Medical Center, University of Groningen, 9700 AB Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Medicine (C.W., C.D.), Division of Nephrology, University Hospital of Würzburg, and Comprehensive Heart Failure Centre (C.W., C.D.), 97070 Würzburg, Germany; Department of Clinical Studies (M.I.), Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Nagasaki 850-8555, Japan; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (G.C.), University of Parma, 143100 Parma, Italy; National Institute on Aging (L.F.), Baltimore, Maryland 21225; Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.), Clinical-Epidemiological Research/Study of Health in Pomerania, University Medicine, German Centre of Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site, Department of Internal Medicine (M.D.), and University Medicine (M.D.), German Centre of Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site, 17487 Greifswald, Germany; Departments of Neurology and Epidemiology (W.T.L.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit (W.T.L.), Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98108; Group Health Research Institute (B.M.P.), Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, Washington 98101; Division of Endocrinology (R.M.B.M., J.A.S.), Department of Medicine, Federal University of Sao Paulo, 05508-900 São Paulo, Brazil; Division of Endocrinology (J.A.S.), Faculdade de Medicina de Marília, Marília, Brazil; Department of Public Health and Primary Care (R.N.L., K.-T.K.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, United Kingdom; Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of The Netherlands (W.J.), 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands; School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (J.A.F.), College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom; and Department of Public Health and Center for Healthy Ageing (R.G.W.), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2400 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - W T Longstreth
- Departments of Internal Medicine (R.P.P., L.C., M.M.) and Epidemiology (R.P.P., O.H.F., A.D., A.H., A.I., L.C., M.L.P.P.), Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Rotterdam Thyroid Center (R.P.P., L.C., M.M.) and Department of Radiology and Neurology (M.A.I.), Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of General Internal Medicine (N.R., C.B., M.R.B.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (T.-H.C.), University Hospital of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Departments of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (W.P.J.d.E.), Public Health and Primary Care (J.G.), and Cardiology (W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands; Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (D.C.B.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (A.R.C.), Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104; Department of Epidemiology (A.H.), Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; Department of Endocrinology (S.R.), Gateshead Health Foundation National Health Service Trust, Gateshead, SE18 4QH, United Kingdom; Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes (J.P.W.), Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia; Schools of Medicine and Pharmacology (J.P.W.) and Population Health (A.B.), University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia; National Council Research Institute of Clinical Physiology (G.I.), 56124 Pisa, Italy; Robertson Centre for Biostatistics (I.F.) and Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (D.J.S.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, United Kingdom; Department of Epidemiology (A.B.N.), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260; Department of Internal Medicine (S.J.L.B., R.P.D.), University Medical Center, University of Groningen, 9700 AB Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Medicine (C.W., C.D.), Division of Nephrology, University Hospital of Würzburg, and Comprehensive Heart Failure Centre (C.W., C.D.), 97070 Würzburg, Germany; Department of Clinical Studies (M.I.), Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Nagasaki 850-8555, Japan; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (G.C.), University of Parma, 143100 Parma, Italy; National Institute on Aging (L.F.), Baltimore, Maryland 21225; Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.), Clinical-Epidemiological Research/Study of Health in Pomerania, University Medicine, German Centre of Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site, Department of Internal Medicine (M.D.), and University Medicine (M.D.), German Centre of Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site, 17487 Greifswald, Germany; Departments of Neurology and Epidemiology (W.T.L.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit (W.T.L.), Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98108; Group Health Research Institute (B.M.P.), Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, Washington 98101; Division of Endocrinology (R.M.B.M., J.A.S.), Department of Medicine, Federal University of Sao Paulo, 05508-900 São Paulo, Brazil; Division of Endocrinology (J.A.S.), Faculdade de Medicina de Marília, Marília, Brazil; Department of Public Health and Primary Care (R.N.L., K.-T.K.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, United Kingdom; Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of The Netherlands (W.J.), 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands; School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (J.A.F.), College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom; and Department of Public Health and Center for Healthy Ageing (R.G.W.), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2400 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bruce M Psaty
- Departments of Internal Medicine (R.P.P., L.C., M.M.) and Epidemiology (R.P.P., O.H.F., A.D., A.H., A.I., L.C., M.L.P.P.), Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Rotterdam Thyroid Center (R.P.P., L.C., M.M.) and Department of Radiology and Neurology (M.A.I.), Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of General Internal Medicine (N.R., C.B., M.R.B.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (T.-H.C.), University Hospital of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Departments of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (W.P.J.d.E.), Public Health and Primary Care (J.G.), and Cardiology (W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands; Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (D.C.B.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (A.R.C.), Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104; Department of Epidemiology (A.H.), Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; Department of Endocrinology (S.R.), Gateshead Health Foundation National Health Service Trust, Gateshead, SE18 4QH, United Kingdom; Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes (J.P.W.), Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia; Schools of Medicine and Pharmacology (J.P.W.) and Population Health (A.B.), University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia; National Council Research Institute of Clinical Physiology (G.I.), 56124 Pisa, Italy; Robertson Centre for Biostatistics (I.F.) and Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (D.J.S.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, United Kingdom; Department of Epidemiology (A.B.N.), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260; Department of Internal Medicine (S.J.L.B., R.P.D.), University Medical Center, University of Groningen, 9700 AB Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Medicine (C.W., C.D.), Division of Nephrology, University Hospital of Würzburg, and Comprehensive Heart Failure Centre (C.W., C.D.), 97070 Würzburg, Germany; Department of Clinical Studies (M.I.), Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Nagasaki 850-8555, Japan; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (G.C.), University of Parma, 143100 Parma, Italy; National Institute on Aging (L.F.), Baltimore, Maryland 21225; Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.), Clinical-Epidemiological Research/Study of Health in Pomerania, University Medicine, German Centre of Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site, Department of Internal Medicine (M.D.), and University Medicine (M.D.), German Centre of Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site, 17487 Greifswald, Germany; Departments of Neurology and Epidemiology (W.T.L.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit (W.T.L.), Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98108; Group Health Research Institute (B.M.P.), Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, Washington 98101; Division of Endocrinology (R.M.B.M., J.A.S.), Department of Medicine, Federal University of Sao Paulo, 05508-900 São Paulo, Brazil; Division of Endocrinology (J.A.S.), Faculdade de Medicina de Marília, Marília, Brazil; Department of Public Health and Primary Care (R.N.L., K.-T.K.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, United Kingdom; Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of The Netherlands (W.J.), 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands; School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (J.A.F.), College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom; and Department of Public Health and Center for Healthy Ageing (R.G.W.), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2400 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Departments of Internal Medicine (R.P.P., L.C., M.M.) and Epidemiology (R.P.P., O.H.F., A.D., A.H., A.I., L.C., M.L.P.P.), Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Rotterdam Thyroid Center (R.P.P., L.C., M.M.) and Department of Radiology and Neurology (M.A.I.), Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of General Internal Medicine (N.R., C.B., M.R.B.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (T.-H.C.), University Hospital of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Departments of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (W.P.J.d.E.), Public Health and Primary Care (J.G.), and Cardiology (W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands; Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (D.C.B.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (A.R.C.), Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104; Department of Epidemiology (A.H.), Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; Department of Endocrinology (S.R.), Gateshead Health Foundation National Health Service Trust, Gateshead, SE18 4QH, United Kingdom; Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes (J.P.W.), Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia; Schools of Medicine and Pharmacology (J.P.W.) and Population Health (A.B.), University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia; National Council Research Institute of Clinical Physiology (G.I.), 56124 Pisa, Italy; Robertson Centre for Biostatistics (I.F.) and Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (D.J.S.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, United Kingdom; Department of Epidemiology (A.B.N.), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260; Department of Internal Medicine (S.J.L.B., R.P.D.), University Medical Center, University of Groningen, 9700 AB Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Medicine (C.W., C.D.), Division of Nephrology, University Hospital of Würzburg, and Comprehensive Heart Failure Centre (C.W., C.D.), 97070 Würzburg, Germany; Department of Clinical Studies (M.I.), Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Nagasaki 850-8555, Japan; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (G.C.), University of Parma, 143100 Parma, Italy; National Institute on Aging (L.F.), Baltimore, Maryland 21225; Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.), Clinical-Epidemiological Research/Study of Health in Pomerania, University Medicine, German Centre of Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site, Department of Internal Medicine (M.D.), and University Medicine (M.D.), German Centre of Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site, 17487 Greifswald, Germany; Departments of Neurology and Epidemiology (W.T.L.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit (W.T.L.), Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98108; Group Health Research Institute (B.M.P.), Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, Washington 98101; Division of Endocrinology (R.M.B.M., J.A.S.), Department of Medicine, Federal University of Sao Paulo, 05508-900 São Paulo, Brazil; Division of Endocrinology (J.A.S.), Faculdade de Medicina de Marília, Marília, Brazil; Department of Public Health and Primary Care (R.N.L., K.-T.K.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, United Kingdom; Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of The Netherlands (W.J.), 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands; School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (J.A.F.), College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom; and Department of Public Health and Center for Healthy Ageing (R.G.W.), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2400 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rui M B Maciel
- Departments of Internal Medicine (R.P.P., L.C., M.M.) and Epidemiology (R.P.P., O.H.F., A.D., A.H., A.I., L.C., M.L.P.P.), Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Rotterdam Thyroid Center (R.P.P., L.C., M.M.) and Department of Radiology and Neurology (M.A.I.), Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of General Internal Medicine (N.R., C.B., M.R.B.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (T.-H.C.), University Hospital of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Departments of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (W.P.J.d.E.), Public Health and Primary Care (J.G.), and Cardiology (W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands; Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (D.C.B.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (A.R.C.), Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104; Department of Epidemiology (A.H.), Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; Department of Endocrinology (S.R.), Gateshead Health Foundation National Health Service Trust, Gateshead, SE18 4QH, United Kingdom; Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes (J.P.W.), Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia; Schools of Medicine and Pharmacology (J.P.W.) and Population Health (A.B.), University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia; National Council Research Institute of Clinical Physiology (G.I.), 56124 Pisa, Italy; Robertson Centre for Biostatistics (I.F.) and Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (D.J.S.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, United Kingdom; Department of Epidemiology (A.B.N.), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260; Department of Internal Medicine (S.J.L.B., R.P.D.), University Medical Center, University of Groningen, 9700 AB Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Medicine (C.W., C.D.), Division of Nephrology, University Hospital of Würzburg, and Comprehensive Heart Failure Centre (C.W., C.D.), 97070 Würzburg, Germany; Department of Clinical Studies (M.I.), Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Nagasaki 850-8555, Japan; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (G.C.), University of Parma, 143100 Parma, Italy; National Institute on Aging (L.F.), Baltimore, Maryland 21225; Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.), Clinical-Epidemiological Research/Study of Health in Pomerania, University Medicine, German Centre of Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site, Department of Internal Medicine (M.D.), and University Medicine (M.D.), German Centre of Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site, 17487 Greifswald, Germany; Departments of Neurology and Epidemiology (W.T.L.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit (W.T.L.), Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98108; Group Health Research Institute (B.M.P.), Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, Washington 98101; Division of Endocrinology (R.M.B.M., J.A.S.), Department of Medicine, Federal University of Sao Paulo, 05508-900 São Paulo, Brazil; Division of Endocrinology (J.A.S.), Faculdade de Medicina de Marília, Marília, Brazil; Department of Public Health and Primary Care (R.N.L., K.-T.K.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, United Kingdom; Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of The Netherlands (W.J.), 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands; School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (J.A.F.), College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom; and Department of Public Health and Center for Healthy Ageing (R.G.W.), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2400 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rudi G Westendorp
- Departments of Internal Medicine (R.P.P., L.C., M.M.) and Epidemiology (R.P.P., O.H.F., A.D., A.H., A.I., L.C., M.L.P.P.), Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Rotterdam Thyroid Center (R.P.P., L.C., M.M.) and Department of Radiology and Neurology (M.A.I.), Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of General Internal Medicine (N.R., C.B., M.R.B.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (T.-H.C.), University Hospital of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Departments of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (W.P.J.d.E.), Public Health and Primary Care (J.G.), and Cardiology (W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands; Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (D.C.B.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (A.R.C.), Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104; Department of Epidemiology (A.H.), Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; Department of Endocrinology (S.R.), Gateshead Health Foundation National Health Service Trust, Gateshead, SE18 4QH, United Kingdom; Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes (J.P.W.), Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia; Schools of Medicine and Pharmacology (J.P.W.) and Population Health (A.B.), University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia; National Council Research Institute of Clinical Physiology (G.I.), 56124 Pisa, Italy; Robertson Centre for Biostatistics (I.F.) and Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (D.J.S.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, United Kingdom; Department of Epidemiology (A.B.N.), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260; Department of Internal Medicine (S.J.L.B., R.P.D.), University Medical Center, University of Groningen, 9700 AB Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Medicine (C.W., C.D.), Division of Nephrology, University Hospital of Würzburg, and Comprehensive Heart Failure Centre (C.W., C.D.), 97070 Würzburg, Germany; Department of Clinical Studies (M.I.), Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Nagasaki 850-8555, Japan; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (G.C.), University of Parma, 143100 Parma, Italy; National Institute on Aging (L.F.), Baltimore, Maryland 21225; Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.), Clinical-Epidemiological Research/Study of Health in Pomerania, University Medicine, German Centre of Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site, Department of Internal Medicine (M.D.), and University Medicine (M.D.), German Centre of Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site, 17487 Greifswald, Germany; Departments of Neurology and Epidemiology (W.T.L.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit (W.T.L.), Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98108; Group Health Research Institute (B.M.P.), Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, Washington 98101; Division of Endocrinology (R.M.B.M., J.A.S.), Department of Medicine, Federal University of Sao Paulo, 05508-900 São Paulo, Brazil; Division of Endocrinology (J.A.S.), Faculdade de Medicina de Marília, Marília, Brazil; Department of Public Health and Primary Care (R.N.L., K.-T.K.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, United Kingdom; Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of The Netherlands (W.J.), 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands; School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (J.A.F.), College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom; and Department of Public Health and Center for Healthy Ageing (R.G.W.), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2400 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J Wouter Jukema
- Departments of Internal Medicine (R.P.P., L.C., M.M.) and Epidemiology (R.P.P., O.H.F., A.D., A.H., A.I., L.C., M.L.P.P.), Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Rotterdam Thyroid Center (R.P.P., L.C., M.M.) and Department of Radiology and Neurology (M.A.I.), Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of General Internal Medicine (N.R., C.B., M.R.B.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (T.-H.C.), University Hospital of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Departments of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (W.P.J.d.E.), Public Health and Primary Care (J.G.), and Cardiology (W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands; Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (D.C.B.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (A.R.C.), Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104; Department of Epidemiology (A.H.), Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; Department of Endocrinology (S.R.), Gateshead Health Foundation National Health Service Trust, Gateshead, SE18 4QH, United Kingdom; Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes (J.P.W.), Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia; Schools of Medicine and Pharmacology (J.P.W.) and Population Health (A.B.), University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia; National Council Research Institute of Clinical Physiology (G.I.), 56124 Pisa, Italy; Robertson Centre for Biostatistics (I.F.) and Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (D.J.S.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, United Kingdom; Department of Epidemiology (A.B.N.), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260; Department of Internal Medicine (S.J.L.B., R.P.D.), University Medical Center, University of Groningen, 9700 AB Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Medicine (C.W., C.D.), Division of Nephrology, University Hospital of Würzburg, and Comprehensive Heart Failure Centre (C.W., C.D.), 97070 Würzburg, Germany; Department of Clinical Studies (M.I.), Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Nagasaki 850-8555, Japan; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (G.C.), University of Parma, 143100 Parma, Italy; National Institute on Aging (L.F.), Baltimore, Maryland 21225; Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.), Clinical-Epidemiological Research/Study of Health in Pomerania, University Medicine, German Centre of Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site, Department of Internal Medicine (M.D.), and University Medicine (M.D.), German Centre of Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site, 17487 Greifswald, Germany; Departments of Neurology and Epidemiology (W.T.L.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit (W.T.L.), Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98108; Group Health Research Institute (B.M.P.), Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, Washington 98101; Division of Endocrinology (R.M.B.M., J.A.S.), Department of Medicine, Federal University of Sao Paulo, 05508-900 São Paulo, Brazil; Division of Endocrinology (J.A.S.), Faculdade de Medicina de Marília, Marília, Brazil; Department of Public Health and Primary Care (R.N.L., K.-T.K.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, United Kingdom; Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of The Netherlands (W.J.), 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands; School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (J.A.F.), College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom; and Department of Public Health and Center for Healthy Ageing (R.G.W.), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2400 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Graziano Ceresini
- Departments of Internal Medicine (R.P.P., L.C., M.M.) and Epidemiology (R.P.P., O.H.F., A.D., A.H., A.I., L.C., M.L.P.P.), Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Rotterdam Thyroid Center (R.P.P., L.C., M.M.) and Department of Radiology and Neurology (M.A.I.), Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of General Internal Medicine (N.R., C.B., M.R.B.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (T.-H.C.), University Hospital of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Departments of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (W.P.J.d.E.), Public Health and Primary Care (J.G.), and Cardiology (W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands; Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (D.C.B.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (A.R.C.), Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104; Department of Epidemiology (A.H.), Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; Department of Endocrinology (S.R.), Gateshead Health Foundation National Health Service Trust, Gateshead, SE18 4QH, United Kingdom; Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes (J.P.W.), Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia; Schools of Medicine and Pharmacology (J.P.W.) and Population Health (A.B.), University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia; National Council Research Institute of Clinical Physiology (G.I.), 56124 Pisa, Italy; Robertson Centre for Biostatistics (I.F.) and Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (D.J.S.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, United Kingdom; Department of Epidemiology (A.B.N.), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260; Department of Internal Medicine (S.J.L.B., R.P.D.), University Medical Center, University of Groningen, 9700 AB Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Medicine (C.W., C.D.), Division of Nephrology, University Hospital of Würzburg, and Comprehensive Heart Failure Centre (C.W., C.D.), 97070 Würzburg, Germany; Department of Clinical Studies (M.I.), Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Nagasaki 850-8555, Japan; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (G.C.), University of Parma, 143100 Parma, Italy; National Institute on Aging (L.F.), Baltimore, Maryland 21225; Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.), Clinical-Epidemiological Research/Study of Health in Pomerania, University Medicine, German Centre of Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site, Department of Internal Medicine (M.D.), and University Medicine (M.D.), German Centre of Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site, 17487 Greifswald, Germany; Departments of Neurology and Epidemiology (W.T.L.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit (W.T.L.), Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98108; Group Health Research Institute (B.M.P.), Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, Washington 98101; Division of Endocrinology (R.M.B.M., J.A.S.), Department of Medicine, Federal University of Sao Paulo, 05508-900 São Paulo, Brazil; Division of Endocrinology (J.A.S.), Faculdade de Medicina de Marília, Marília, Brazil; Department of Public Health and Primary Care (R.N.L., K.-T.K.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, United Kingdom; Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of The Netherlands (W.J.), 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands; School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (J.A.F.), College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom; and Department of Public Health and Center for Healthy Ageing (R.G.W.), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2400 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Misa Imaizumi
- Departments of Internal Medicine (R.P.P., L.C., M.M.) and Epidemiology (R.P.P., O.H.F., A.D., A.H., A.I., L.C., M.L.P.P.), Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Rotterdam Thyroid Center (R.P.P., L.C., M.M.) and Department of Radiology and Neurology (M.A.I.), Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of General Internal Medicine (N.R., C.B., M.R.B.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (T.-H.C.), University Hospital of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Departments of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (W.P.J.d.E.), Public Health and Primary Care (J.G.), and Cardiology (W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands; Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (D.C.B.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (A.R.C.), Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104; Department of Epidemiology (A.H.), Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; Department of Endocrinology (S.R.), Gateshead Health Foundation National Health Service Trust, Gateshead, SE18 4QH, United Kingdom; Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes (J.P.W.), Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia; Schools of Medicine and Pharmacology (J.P.W.) and Population Health (A.B.), University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia; National Council Research Institute of Clinical Physiology (G.I.), 56124 Pisa, Italy; Robertson Centre for Biostatistics (I.F.) and Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (D.J.S.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, United Kingdom; Department of Epidemiology (A.B.N.), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260; Department of Internal Medicine (S.J.L.B., R.P.D.), University Medical Center, University of Groningen, 9700 AB Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Medicine (C.W., C.D.), Division of Nephrology, University Hospital of Würzburg, and Comprehensive Heart Failure Centre (C.W., C.D.), 97070 Würzburg, Germany; Department of Clinical Studies (M.I.), Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Nagasaki 850-8555, Japan; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (G.C.), University of Parma, 143100 Parma, Italy; National Institute on Aging (L.F.), Baltimore, Maryland 21225; Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.), Clinical-Epidemiological Research/Study of Health in Pomerania, University Medicine, German Centre of Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site, Department of Internal Medicine (M.D.), and University Medicine (M.D.), German Centre of Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site, 17487 Greifswald, Germany; Departments of Neurology and Epidemiology (W.T.L.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit (W.T.L.), Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98108; Group Health Research Institute (B.M.P.), Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, Washington 98101; Division of Endocrinology (R.M.B.M., J.A.S.), Department of Medicine, Federal University of Sao Paulo, 05508-900 São Paulo, Brazil; Division of Endocrinology (J.A.S.), Faculdade de Medicina de Marília, Marília, Brazil; Department of Public Health and Primary Care (R.N.L., K.-T.K.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, United Kingdom; Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of The Netherlands (W.J.), 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands; School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (J.A.F.), College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom; and Department of Public Health and Center for Healthy Ageing (R.G.W.), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2400 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Albert Hofman
- Departments of Internal Medicine (R.P.P., L.C., M.M.) and Epidemiology (R.P.P., O.H.F., A.D., A.H., A.I., L.C., M.L.P.P.), Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Rotterdam Thyroid Center (R.P.P., L.C., M.M.) and Department of Radiology and Neurology (M.A.I.), Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of General Internal Medicine (N.R., C.B., M.R.B.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (T.-H.C.), University Hospital of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Departments of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (W.P.J.d.E.), Public Health and Primary Care (J.G.), and Cardiology (W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands; Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (D.C.B.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (A.R.C.), Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104; Department of Epidemiology (A.H.), Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; Department of Endocrinology (S.R.), Gateshead Health Foundation National Health Service Trust, Gateshead, SE18 4QH, United Kingdom; Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes (J.P.W.), Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia; Schools of Medicine and Pharmacology (J.P.W.) and Population Health (A.B.), University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia; National Council Research Institute of Clinical Physiology (G.I.), 56124 Pisa, Italy; Robertson Centre for Biostatistics (I.F.) and Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (D.J.S.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, United Kingdom; Department of Epidemiology (A.B.N.), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260; Department of Internal Medicine (S.J.L.B., R.P.D.), University Medical Center, University of Groningen, 9700 AB Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Medicine (C.W., C.D.), Division of Nephrology, University Hospital of Würzburg, and Comprehensive Heart Failure Centre (C.W., C.D.), 97070 Würzburg, Germany; Department of Clinical Studies (M.I.), Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Nagasaki 850-8555, Japan; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (G.C.), University of Parma, 143100 Parma, Italy; National Institute on Aging (L.F.), Baltimore, Maryland 21225; Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.), Clinical-Epidemiological Research/Study of Health in Pomerania, University Medicine, German Centre of Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site, Department of Internal Medicine (M.D.), and University Medicine (M.D.), German Centre of Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site, 17487 Greifswald, Germany; Departments of Neurology and Epidemiology (W.T.L.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit (W.T.L.), Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98108; Group Health Research Institute (B.M.P.), Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, Washington 98101; Division of Endocrinology (R.M.B.M., J.A.S.), Department of Medicine, Federal University of Sao Paulo, 05508-900 São Paulo, Brazil; Division of Endocrinology (J.A.S.), Faculdade de Medicina de Marília, Marília, Brazil; Department of Public Health and Primary Care (R.N.L., K.-T.K.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, United Kingdom; Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of The Netherlands (W.J.), 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands; School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (J.A.F.), College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom; and Department of Public Health and Center for Healthy Ageing (R.G.W.), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2400 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stephan J L Bakker
- Departments of Internal Medicine (R.P.P., L.C., M.M.) and Epidemiology (R.P.P., O.H.F., A.D., A.H., A.I., L.C., M.L.P.P.), Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Rotterdam Thyroid Center (R.P.P., L.C., M.M.) and Department of Radiology and Neurology (M.A.I.), Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of General Internal Medicine (N.R., C.B., M.R.B.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (T.-H.C.), University Hospital of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Departments of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (W.P.J.d.E.), Public Health and Primary Care (J.G.), and Cardiology (W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands; Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (D.C.B.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (A.R.C.), Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104; Department of Epidemiology (A.H.), Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; Department of Endocrinology (S.R.), Gateshead Health Foundation National Health Service Trust, Gateshead, SE18 4QH, United Kingdom; Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes (J.P.W.), Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia; Schools of Medicine and Pharmacology (J.P.W.) and Population Health (A.B.), University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia; National Council Research Institute of Clinical Physiology (G.I.), 56124 Pisa, Italy; Robertson Centre for Biostatistics (I.F.) and Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (D.J.S.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, United Kingdom; Department of Epidemiology (A.B.N.), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260; Department of Internal Medicine (S.J.L.B., R.P.D.), University Medical Center, University of Groningen, 9700 AB Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Medicine (C.W., C.D.), Division of Nephrology, University Hospital of Würzburg, and Comprehensive Heart Failure Centre (C.W., C.D.), 97070 Würzburg, Germany; Department of Clinical Studies (M.I.), Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Nagasaki 850-8555, Japan; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (G.C.), University of Parma, 143100 Parma, Italy; National Institute on Aging (L.F.), Baltimore, Maryland 21225; Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.), Clinical-Epidemiological Research/Study of Health in Pomerania, University Medicine, German Centre of Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site, Department of Internal Medicine (M.D.), and University Medicine (M.D.), German Centre of Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site, 17487 Greifswald, Germany; Departments of Neurology and Epidemiology (W.T.L.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit (W.T.L.), Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98108; Group Health Research Institute (B.M.P.), Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, Washington 98101; Division of Endocrinology (R.M.B.M., J.A.S.), Department of Medicine, Federal University of Sao Paulo, 05508-900 São Paulo, Brazil; Division of Endocrinology (J.A.S.), Faculdade de Medicina de Marília, Marília, Brazil; Department of Public Health and Primary Care (R.N.L., K.-T.K.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, United Kingdom; Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of The Netherlands (W.J.), 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands; School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (J.A.F.), College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom; and Department of Public Health and Center for Healthy Ageing (R.G.W.), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2400 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jayne A Franklyn
- Departments of Internal Medicine (R.P.P., L.C., M.M.) and Epidemiology (R.P.P., O.H.F., A.D., A.H., A.I., L.C., M.L.P.P.), Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Rotterdam Thyroid Center (R.P.P., L.C., M.M.) and Department of Radiology and Neurology (M.A.I.), Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of General Internal Medicine (N.R., C.B., M.R.B.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (T.-H.C.), University Hospital of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Departments of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (W.P.J.d.E.), Public Health and Primary Care (J.G.), and Cardiology (W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands; Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (D.C.B.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (A.R.C.), Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104; Department of Epidemiology (A.H.), Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; Department of Endocrinology (S.R.), Gateshead Health Foundation National Health Service Trust, Gateshead, SE18 4QH, United Kingdom; Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes (J.P.W.), Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia; Schools of Medicine and Pharmacology (J.P.W.) and Population Health (A.B.), University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia; National Council Research Institute of Clinical Physiology (G.I.), 56124 Pisa, Italy; Robertson Centre for Biostatistics (I.F.) and Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (D.J.S.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, United Kingdom; Department of Epidemiology (A.B.N.), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260; Department of Internal Medicine (S.J.L.B., R.P.D.), University Medical Center, University of Groningen, 9700 AB Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Medicine (C.W., C.D.), Division of Nephrology, University Hospital of Würzburg, and Comprehensive Heart Failure Centre (C.W., C.D.), 97070 Würzburg, Germany; Department of Clinical Studies (M.I.), Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Nagasaki 850-8555, Japan; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (G.C.), University of Parma, 143100 Parma, Italy; National Institute on Aging (L.F.), Baltimore, Maryland 21225; Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.), Clinical-Epidemiological Research/Study of Health in Pomerania, University Medicine, German Centre of Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site, Department of Internal Medicine (M.D.), and University Medicine (M.D.), German Centre of Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site, 17487 Greifswald, Germany; Departments of Neurology and Epidemiology (W.T.L.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit (W.T.L.), Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98108; Group Health Research Institute (B.M.P.), Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, Washington 98101; Division of Endocrinology (R.M.B.M., J.A.S.), Department of Medicine, Federal University of Sao Paulo, 05508-900 São Paulo, Brazil; Division of Endocrinology (J.A.S.), Faculdade de Medicina de Marília, Marília, Brazil; Department of Public Health and Primary Care (R.N.L., K.-T.K.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, United Kingdom; Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of The Netherlands (W.J.), 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands; School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (J.A.F.), College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom; and Department of Public Health and Center for Healthy Ageing (R.G.W.), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2400 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kay-Tee Khaw
- Departments of Internal Medicine (R.P.P., L.C., M.M.) and Epidemiology (R.P.P., O.H.F., A.D., A.H., A.I., L.C., M.L.P.P.), Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Rotterdam Thyroid Center (R.P.P., L.C., M.M.) and Department of Radiology and Neurology (M.A.I.), Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of General Internal Medicine (N.R., C.B., M.R.B.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (T.-H.C.), University Hospital of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Departments of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (W.P.J.d.E.), Public Health and Primary Care (J.G.), and Cardiology (W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands; Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (D.C.B.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (A.R.C.), Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104; Department of Epidemiology (A.H.), Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; Department of Endocrinology (S.R.), Gateshead Health Foundation National Health Service Trust, Gateshead, SE18 4QH, United Kingdom; Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes (J.P.W.), Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia; Schools of Medicine and Pharmacology (J.P.W.) and Population Health (A.B.), University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia; National Council Research Institute of Clinical Physiology (G.I.), 56124 Pisa, Italy; Robertson Centre for Biostatistics (I.F.) and Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (D.J.S.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, United Kingdom; Department of Epidemiology (A.B.N.), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260; Department of Internal Medicine (S.J.L.B., R.P.D.), University Medical Center, University of Groningen, 9700 AB Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Medicine (C.W., C.D.), Division of Nephrology, University Hospital of Würzburg, and Comprehensive Heart Failure Centre (C.W., C.D.), 97070 Würzburg, Germany; Department of Clinical Studies (M.I.), Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Nagasaki 850-8555, Japan; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (G.C.), University of Parma, 143100 Parma, Italy; National Institute on Aging (L.F.), Baltimore, Maryland 21225; Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.), Clinical-Epidemiological Research/Study of Health in Pomerania, University Medicine, German Centre of Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site, Department of Internal Medicine (M.D.), and University Medicine (M.D.), German Centre of Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site, 17487 Greifswald, Germany; Departments of Neurology and Epidemiology (W.T.L.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit (W.T.L.), Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98108; Group Health Research Institute (B.M.P.), Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, Washington 98101; Division of Endocrinology (R.M.B.M., J.A.S.), Department of Medicine, Federal University of Sao Paulo, 05508-900 São Paulo, Brazil; Division of Endocrinology (J.A.S.), Faculdade de Medicina de Marília, Marília, Brazil; Department of Public Health and Primary Care (R.N.L., K.-T.K.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, United Kingdom; Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of The Netherlands (W.J.), 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands; School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (J.A.F.), College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom; and Department of Public Health and Center for Healthy Ageing (R.G.W.), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2400 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Douglas C Bauer
- Departments of Internal Medicine (R.P.P., L.C., M.M.) and Epidemiology (R.P.P., O.H.F., A.D., A.H., A.I., L.C., M.L.P.P.), Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Rotterdam Thyroid Center (R.P.P., L.C., M.M.) and Department of Radiology and Neurology (M.A.I.), Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of General Internal Medicine (N.R., C.B., M.R.B.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (T.-H.C.), University Hospital of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Departments of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (W.P.J.d.E.), Public Health and Primary Care (J.G.), and Cardiology (W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands; Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (D.C.B.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (A.R.C.), Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104; Department of Epidemiology (A.H.), Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; Department of Endocrinology (S.R.), Gateshead Health Foundation National Health Service Trust, Gateshead, SE18 4QH, United Kingdom; Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes (J.P.W.), Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia; Schools of Medicine and Pharmacology (J.P.W.) and Population Health (A.B.), University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia; National Council Research Institute of Clinical Physiology (G.I.), 56124 Pisa, Italy; Robertson Centre for Biostatistics (I.F.) and Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (D.J.S.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, United Kingdom; Department of Epidemiology (A.B.N.), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260; Department of Internal Medicine (S.J.L.B., R.P.D.), University Medical Center, University of Groningen, 9700 AB Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Medicine (C.W., C.D.), Division of Nephrology, University Hospital of Würzburg, and Comprehensive Heart Failure Centre (C.W., C.D.), 97070 Würzburg, Germany; Department of Clinical Studies (M.I.), Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Nagasaki 850-8555, Japan; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (G.C.), University of Parma, 143100 Parma, Italy; National Institute on Aging (L.F.), Baltimore, Maryland 21225; Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.), Clinical-Epidemiological Research/Study of Health in Pomerania, University Medicine, German Centre of Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site, Department of Internal Medicine (M.D.), and University Medicine (M.D.), German Centre of Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site, 17487 Greifswald, Germany; Departments of Neurology and Epidemiology (W.T.L.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit (W.T.L.), Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98108; Group Health Research Institute (B.M.P.), Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, Washington 98101; Division of Endocrinology (R.M.B.M., J.A.S.), Department of Medicine, Federal University of Sao Paulo, 05508-900 São Paulo, Brazil; Division of Endocrinology (J.A.S.), Faculdade de Medicina de Marília, Marília, Brazil; Department of Public Health and Primary Care (R.N.L., K.-T.K.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, United Kingdom; Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of The Netherlands (W.J.), 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands; School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (J.A.F.), College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom; and Department of Public Health and Center for Healthy Ageing (R.G.W.), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2400 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - John P Walsh
- Departments of Internal Medicine (R.P.P., L.C., M.M.) and Epidemiology (R.P.P., O.H.F., A.D., A.H., A.I., L.C., M.L.P.P.), Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Rotterdam Thyroid Center (R.P.P., L.C., M.M.) and Department of Radiology and Neurology (M.A.I.), Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of General Internal Medicine (N.R., C.B., M.R.B.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (T.-H.C.), University Hospital of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Departments of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (W.P.J.d.E.), Public Health and Primary Care (J.G.), and Cardiology (W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands; Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (D.C.B.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (A.R.C.), Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104; Department of Epidemiology (A.H.), Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; Department of Endocrinology (S.R.), Gateshead Health Foundation National Health Service Trust, Gateshead, SE18 4QH, United Kingdom; Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes (J.P.W.), Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia; Schools of Medicine and Pharmacology (J.P.W.) and Population Health (A.B.), University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia; National Council Research Institute of Clinical Physiology (G.I.), 56124 Pisa, Italy; Robertson Centre for Biostatistics (I.F.) and Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (D.J.S.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, United Kingdom; Department of Epidemiology (A.B.N.), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260; Department of Internal Medicine (S.J.L.B., R.P.D.), University Medical Center, University of Groningen, 9700 AB Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Medicine (C.W., C.D.), Division of Nephrology, University Hospital of Würzburg, and Comprehensive Heart Failure Centre (C.W., C.D.), 97070 Würzburg, Germany; Department of Clinical Studies (M.I.), Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Nagasaki 850-8555, Japan; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (G.C.), University of Parma, 143100 Parma, Italy; National Institute on Aging (L.F.), Baltimore, Maryland 21225; Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.), Clinical-Epidemiological Research/Study of Health in Pomerania, University Medicine, German Centre of Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site, Department of Internal Medicine (M.D.), and University Medicine (M.D.), German Centre of Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site, 17487 Greifswald, Germany; Departments of Neurology and Epidemiology (W.T.L.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit (W.T.L.), Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98108; Group Health Research Institute (B.M.P.), Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, Washington 98101; Division of Endocrinology (R.M.B.M., J.A.S.), Department of Medicine, Federal University of Sao Paulo, 05508-900 São Paulo, Brazil; Division of Endocrinology (J.A.S.), Faculdade de Medicina de Marília, Marília, Brazil; Department of Public Health and Primary Care (R.N.L., K.-T.K.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, United Kingdom; Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of The Netherlands (W.J.), 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands; School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (J.A.F.), College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom; and Department of Public Health and Center for Healthy Ageing (R.G.W.), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2400 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Salman Razvi
- Departments of Internal Medicine (R.P.P., L.C., M.M.) and Epidemiology (R.P.P., O.H.F., A.D., A.H., A.I., L.C., M.L.P.P.), Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Rotterdam Thyroid Center (R.P.P., L.C., M.M.) and Department of Radiology and Neurology (M.A.I.), Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of General Internal Medicine (N.R., C.B., M.R.B.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (T.-H.C.), University Hospital of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Departments of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (W.P.J.d.E.), Public Health and Primary Care (J.G.), and Cardiology (W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands; Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (D.C.B.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (A.R.C.), Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104; Department of Epidemiology (A.H.), Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; Department of Endocrinology (S.R.), Gateshead Health Foundation National Health Service Trust, Gateshead, SE18 4QH, United Kingdom; Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes (J.P.W.), Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia; Schools of Medicine and Pharmacology (J.P.W.) and Population Health (A.B.), University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia; National Council Research Institute of Clinical Physiology (G.I.), 56124 Pisa, Italy; Robertson Centre for Biostatistics (I.F.) and Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (D.J.S.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, United Kingdom; Department of Epidemiology (A.B.N.), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260; Department of Internal Medicine (S.J.L.B., R.P.D.), University Medical Center, University of Groningen, 9700 AB Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Medicine (C.W., C.D.), Division of Nephrology, University Hospital of Würzburg, and Comprehensive Heart Failure Centre (C.W., C.D.), 97070 Würzburg, Germany; Department of Clinical Studies (M.I.), Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Nagasaki 850-8555, Japan; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (G.C.), University of Parma, 143100 Parma, Italy; National Institute on Aging (L.F.), Baltimore, Maryland 21225; Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.), Clinical-Epidemiological Research/Study of Health in Pomerania, University Medicine, German Centre of Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site, Department of Internal Medicine (M.D.), and University Medicine (M.D.), German Centre of Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site, 17487 Greifswald, Germany; Departments of Neurology and Epidemiology (W.T.L.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit (W.T.L.), Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98108; Group Health Research Institute (B.M.P.), Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, Washington 98101; Division of Endocrinology (R.M.B.M., J.A.S.), Department of Medicine, Federal University of Sao Paulo, 05508-900 São Paulo, Brazil; Division of Endocrinology (J.A.S.), Faculdade de Medicina de Marília, Marília, Brazil; Department of Public Health and Primary Care (R.N.L., K.-T.K.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, United Kingdom; Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of The Netherlands (W.J.), 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands; School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (J.A.F.), College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom; and Department of Public Health and Center for Healthy Ageing (R.G.W.), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2400 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jacobijn Gussekloo
- Departments of Internal Medicine (R.P.P., L.C., M.M.) and Epidemiology (R.P.P., O.H.F., A.D., A.H., A.I., L.C., M.L.P.P.), Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Rotterdam Thyroid Center (R.P.P., L.C., M.M.) and Department of Radiology and Neurology (M.A.I.), Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of General Internal Medicine (N.R., C.B., M.R.B.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (T.-H.C.), University Hospital of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Departments of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (W.P.J.d.E.), Public Health and Primary Care (J.G.), and Cardiology (W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands; Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (D.C.B.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (A.R.C.), Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104; Department of Epidemiology (A.H.), Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; Department of Endocrinology (S.R.), Gateshead Health Foundation National Health Service Trust, Gateshead, SE18 4QH, United Kingdom; Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes (J.P.W.), Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia; Schools of Medicine and Pharmacology (J.P.W.) and Population Health (A.B.), University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia; National Council Research Institute of Clinical Physiology (G.I.), 56124 Pisa, Italy; Robertson Centre for Biostatistics (I.F.) and Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (D.J.S.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, United Kingdom; Department of Epidemiology (A.B.N.), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260; Department of Internal Medicine (S.J.L.B., R.P.D.), University Medical Center, University of Groningen, 9700 AB Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Medicine (C.W., C.D.), Division of Nephrology, University Hospital of Würzburg, and Comprehensive Heart Failure Centre (C.W., C.D.), 97070 Würzburg, Germany; Department of Clinical Studies (M.I.), Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Nagasaki 850-8555, Japan; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (G.C.), University of Parma, 143100 Parma, Italy; National Institute on Aging (L.F.), Baltimore, Maryland 21225; Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.), Clinical-Epidemiological Research/Study of Health in Pomerania, University Medicine, German Centre of Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site, Department of Internal Medicine (M.D.), and University Medicine (M.D.), German Centre of Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site, 17487 Greifswald, Germany; Departments of Neurology and Epidemiology (W.T.L.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit (W.T.L.), Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98108; Group Health Research Institute (B.M.P.), Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, Washington 98101; Division of Endocrinology (R.M.B.M., J.A.S.), Department of Medicine, Federal University of Sao Paulo, 05508-900 São Paulo, Brazil; Division of Endocrinology (J.A.S.), Faculdade de Medicina de Marília, Marília, Brazil; Department of Public Health and Primary Care (R.N.L., K.-T.K.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, United Kingdom; Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of The Netherlands (W.J.), 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands; School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (J.A.F.), College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom; and Department of Public Health and Center for Healthy Ageing (R.G.W.), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2400 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henry Völzke
- Departments of Internal Medicine (R.P.P., L.C., M.M.) and Epidemiology (R.P.P., O.H.F., A.D., A.H., A.I., L.C., M.L.P.P.), Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Rotterdam Thyroid Center (R.P.P., L.C., M.M.) and Department of Radiology and Neurology (M.A.I.), Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of General Internal Medicine (N.R., C.B., M.R.B.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (T.-H.C.), University Hospital of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Departments of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (W.P.J.d.E.), Public Health and Primary Care (J.G.), and Cardiology (W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands; Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (D.C.B.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (A.R.C.), Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104; Department of Epidemiology (A.H.), Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; Department of Endocrinology (S.R.), Gateshead Health Foundation National Health Service Trust, Gateshead, SE18 4QH, United Kingdom; Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes (J.P.W.), Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia; Schools of Medicine and Pharmacology (J.P.W.) and Population Health (A.B.), University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia; National Council Research Institute of Clinical Physiology (G.I.), 56124 Pisa, Italy; Robertson Centre for Biostatistics (I.F.) and Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (D.J.S.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, United Kingdom; Department of Epidemiology (A.B.N.), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260; Department of Internal Medicine (S.J.L.B., R.P.D.), University Medical Center, University of Groningen, 9700 AB Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Medicine (C.W., C.D.), Division of Nephrology, University Hospital of Würzburg, and Comprehensive Heart Failure Centre (C.W., C.D.), 97070 Würzburg, Germany; Department of Clinical Studies (M.I.), Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Nagasaki 850-8555, Japan; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (G.C.), University of Parma, 143100 Parma, Italy; National Institute on Aging (L.F.), Baltimore, Maryland 21225; Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.), Clinical-Epidemiological Research/Study of Health in Pomerania, University Medicine, German Centre of Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site, Department of Internal Medicine (M.D.), and University Medicine (M.D.), German Centre of Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site, 17487 Greifswald, Germany; Departments of Neurology and Epidemiology (W.T.L.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit (W.T.L.), Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98108; Group Health Research Institute (B.M.P.), Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, Washington 98101; Division of Endocrinology (R.M.B.M., J.A.S.), Department of Medicine, Federal University of Sao Paulo, 05508-900 São Paulo, Brazil; Division of Endocrinology (J.A.S.), Faculdade de Medicina de Marília, Marília, Brazil; Department of Public Health and Primary Care (R.N.L., K.-T.K.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, United Kingdom; Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of The Netherlands (W.J.), 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands; School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (J.A.F.), College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom; and Department of Public Health and Center for Healthy Ageing (R.G.W.), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2400 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Oscar H Franco
- Departments of Internal Medicine (R.P.P., L.C., M.M.) and Epidemiology (R.P.P., O.H.F., A.D., A.H., A.I., L.C., M.L.P.P.), Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Rotterdam Thyroid Center (R.P.P., L.C., M.M.) and Department of Radiology and Neurology (M.A.I.), Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of General Internal Medicine (N.R., C.B., M.R.B.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (T.-H.C.), University Hospital of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Departments of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (W.P.J.d.E.), Public Health and Primary Care (J.G.), and Cardiology (W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands; Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (D.C.B.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (A.R.C.), Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104; Department of Epidemiology (A.H.), Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; Department of Endocrinology (S.R.), Gateshead Health Foundation National Health Service Trust, Gateshead, SE18 4QH, United Kingdom; Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes (J.P.W.), Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia; Schools of Medicine and Pharmacology (J.P.W.) and Population Health (A.B.), University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia; National Council Research Institute of Clinical Physiology (G.I.), 56124 Pisa, Italy; Robertson Centre for Biostatistics (I.F.) and Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (D.J.S.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, United Kingdom; Department of Epidemiology (A.B.N.), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260; Department of Internal Medicine (S.J.L.B., R.P.D.), University Medical Center, University of Groningen, 9700 AB Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Medicine (C.W., C.D.), Division of Nephrology, University Hospital of Würzburg, and Comprehensive Heart Failure Centre (C.W., C.D.), 97070 Würzburg, Germany; Department of Clinical Studies (M.I.), Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Nagasaki 850-8555, Japan; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (G.C.), University of Parma, 143100 Parma, Italy; National Institute on Aging (L.F.), Baltimore, Maryland 21225; Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.), Clinical-Epidemiological Research/Study of Health in Pomerania, University Medicine, German Centre of Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site, Department of Internal Medicine (M.D.), and University Medicine (M.D.), German Centre of Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site, 17487 Greifswald, Germany; Departments of Neurology and Epidemiology (W.T.L.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit (W.T.L.), Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98108; Group Health Research Institute (B.M.P.), Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, Washington 98101; Division of Endocrinology (R.M.B.M., J.A.S.), Department of Medicine, Federal University of Sao Paulo, 05508-900 São Paulo, Brazil; Division of Endocrinology (J.A.S.), Faculdade de Medicina de Marília, Marília, Brazil; Department of Public Health and Primary Care (R.N.L., K.-T.K.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, United Kingdom; Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of The Netherlands (W.J.), 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands; School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (J.A.F.), College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom; and Department of Public Health and Center for Healthy Ageing (R.G.W.), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2400 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne R Cappola
- Departments of Internal Medicine (R.P.P., L.C., M.M.) and Epidemiology (R.P.P., O.H.F., A.D., A.H., A.I., L.C., M.L.P.P.), Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Rotterdam Thyroid Center (R.P.P., L.C., M.M.) and Department of Radiology and Neurology (M.A.I.), Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of General Internal Medicine (N.R., C.B., M.R.B.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (T.-H.C.), University Hospital of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Departments of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (W.P.J.d.E.), Public Health and Primary Care (J.G.), and Cardiology (W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands; Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (D.C.B.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (A.R.C.), Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104; Department of Epidemiology (A.H.), Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; Department of Endocrinology (S.R.), Gateshead Health Foundation National Health Service Trust, Gateshead, SE18 4QH, United Kingdom; Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes (J.P.W.), Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia; Schools of Medicine and Pharmacology (J.P.W.) and Population Health (A.B.), University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia; National Council Research Institute of Clinical Physiology (G.I.), 56124 Pisa, Italy; Robertson Centre for Biostatistics (I.F.) and Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (D.J.S.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, United Kingdom; Department of Epidemiology (A.B.N.), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260; Department of Internal Medicine (S.J.L.B., R.P.D.), University Medical Center, University of Groningen, 9700 AB Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Medicine (C.W., C.D.), Division of Nephrology, University Hospital of Würzburg, and Comprehensive Heart Failure Centre (C.W., C.D.), 97070 Würzburg, Germany; Department of Clinical Studies (M.I.), Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Nagasaki 850-8555, Japan; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (G.C.), University of Parma, 143100 Parma, Italy; National Institute on Aging (L.F.), Baltimore, Maryland 21225; Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.), Clinical-Epidemiological Research/Study of Health in Pomerania, University Medicine, German Centre of Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site, Department of Internal Medicine (M.D.), and University Medicine (M.D.), German Centre of Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site, 17487 Greifswald, Germany; Departments of Neurology and Epidemiology (W.T.L.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit (W.T.L.), Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98108; Group Health Research Institute (B.M.P.), Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, Washington 98101; Division of Endocrinology (R.M.B.M., J.A.S.), Department of Medicine, Federal University of Sao Paulo, 05508-900 São Paulo, Brazil; Division of Endocrinology (J.A.S.), Faculdade de Medicina de Marília, Marília, Brazil; Department of Public Health and Primary Care (R.N.L., K.-T.K.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, United Kingdom; Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of The Netherlands (W.J.), 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands; School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (J.A.F.), College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom; and Department of Public Health and Center for Healthy Ageing (R.G.W.), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2400 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nicolas Rodondi
- Departments of Internal Medicine (R.P.P., L.C., M.M.) and Epidemiology (R.P.P., O.H.F., A.D., A.H., A.I., L.C., M.L.P.P.), Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Rotterdam Thyroid Center (R.P.P., L.C., M.M.) and Department of Radiology and Neurology (M.A.I.), Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of General Internal Medicine (N.R., C.B., M.R.B.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (T.-H.C.), University Hospital of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Departments of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (W.P.J.d.E.), Public Health and Primary Care (J.G.), and Cardiology (W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands; Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (D.C.B.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (A.R.C.), Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104; Department of Epidemiology (A.H.), Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; Department of Endocrinology (S.R.), Gateshead Health Foundation National Health Service Trust, Gateshead, SE18 4QH, United Kingdom; Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes (J.P.W.), Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia; Schools of Medicine and Pharmacology (J.P.W.) and Population Health (A.B.), University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia; National Council Research Institute of Clinical Physiology (G.I.), 56124 Pisa, Italy; Robertson Centre for Biostatistics (I.F.) and Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (D.J.S.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, United Kingdom; Department of Epidemiology (A.B.N.), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260; Department of Internal Medicine (S.J.L.B., R.P.D.), University Medical Center, University of Groningen, 9700 AB Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Medicine (C.W., C.D.), Division of Nephrology, University Hospital of Würzburg, and Comprehensive Heart Failure Centre (C.W., C.D.), 97070 Würzburg, Germany; Department of Clinical Studies (M.I.), Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Nagasaki 850-8555, Japan; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (G.C.), University of Parma, 143100 Parma, Italy; National Institute on Aging (L.F.), Baltimore, Maryland 21225; Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.), Clinical-Epidemiological Research/Study of Health in Pomerania, University Medicine, German Centre of Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site, Department of Internal Medicine (M.D.), and University Medicine (M.D.), German Centre of Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site, 17487 Greifswald, Germany; Departments of Neurology and Epidemiology (W.T.L.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit (W.T.L.), Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98108; Group Health Research Institute (B.M.P.), Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, Washington 98101; Division of Endocrinology (R.M.B.M., J.A.S.), Department of Medicine, Federal University of Sao Paulo, 05508-900 São Paulo, Brazil; Division of Endocrinology (J.A.S.), Faculdade de Medicina de Marília, Marília, Brazil; Department of Public Health and Primary Care (R.N.L., K.-T.K.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, United Kingdom; Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of The Netherlands (W.J.), 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands; School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (J.A.F.), College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom; and Department of Public Health and Center for Healthy Ageing (R.G.W.), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2400 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Robin P Peeters
- Departments of Internal Medicine (R.P.P., L.C., M.M.) and Epidemiology (R.P.P., O.H.F., A.D., A.H., A.I., L.C., M.L.P.P.), Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Rotterdam Thyroid Center (R.P.P., L.C., M.M.) and Department of Radiology and Neurology (M.A.I.), Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of General Internal Medicine (N.R., C.B., M.R.B.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (T.-H.C.), University Hospital of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Departments of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (W.P.J.d.E.), Public Health and Primary Care (J.G.), and Cardiology (W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands; Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (D.C.B.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (A.R.C.), Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104; Department of Epidemiology (A.H.), Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; Department of Endocrinology (S.R.), Gateshead Health Foundation National Health Service Trust, Gateshead, SE18 4QH, United Kingdom; Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes (J.P.W.), Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia; Schools of Medicine and Pharmacology (J.P.W.) and Population Health (A.B.), University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia; National Council Research Institute of Clinical Physiology (G.I.), 56124 Pisa, Italy; Robertson Centre for Biostatistics (I.F.) and Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (D.J.S.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, United Kingdom; Department of Epidemiology (A.B.N.), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260; Department of Internal Medicine (S.J.L.B., R.P.D.), University Medical Center, University of Groningen, 9700 AB Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Medicine (C.W., C.D.), Division of Nephrology, University Hospital of Würzburg, and Comprehensive Heart Failure Centre (C.W., C.D.), 97070 Würzburg, Germany; Department of Clinical Studies (M.I.), Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Nagasaki 850-8555, Japan; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (G.C.), University of Parma, 143100 Parma, Italy; National Institute on Aging (L.F.), Baltimore, Maryland 21225; Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.), Clinical-Epidemiological Research/Study of Health in Pomerania, University Medicine, German Centre of Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site, Department of Internal Medicine (M.D.), and University Medicine (M.D.), German Centre of Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site, 17487 Greifswald, Germany; Departments of Neurology and Epidemiology (W.T.L.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit (W.T.L.), Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98108; Group Health Research Institute (B.M.P.), Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, Washington 98101; Division of Endocrinology (R.M.B.M., J.A.S.), Department of Medicine, Federal University of Sao Paulo, 05508-900 São Paulo, Brazil; Division of Endocrinology (J.A.S.), Faculdade de Medicina de Marília, Marília, Brazil; Department of Public Health and Primary Care (R.N.L., K.-T.K.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, United Kingdom; Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of The Netherlands (W.J.), 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands; School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (J.A.F.), College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom; and Department of Public Health and Center for Healthy Ageing (R.G.W.), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2400 Copenhagen, Denmark
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- Departments of Internal Medicine (R.P.P., L.C., M.M.) and Epidemiology (R.P.P., O.H.F., A.D., A.H., A.I., L.C., M.L.P.P.), Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Rotterdam Thyroid Center (R.P.P., L.C., M.M.) and Department of Radiology and Neurology (M.A.I.), Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of General Internal Medicine (N.R., C.B., M.R.B.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (T.-H.C.), University Hospital of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Departments of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (W.P.J.d.E.), Public Health and Primary Care (J.G.), and Cardiology (W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands; Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (D.C.B.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (A.R.C.), Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104; Department of Epidemiology (A.H.), Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; Department of Endocrinology (S.R.), Gateshead Health Foundation National Health Service Trust, Gateshead, SE18 4QH, United Kingdom; Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes (J.P.W.), Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia; Schools of Medicine and Pharmacology (J.P.W.) and Population Health (A.B.), University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia; National Council Research Institute of Clinical Physiology (G.I.), 56124 Pisa, Italy; Robertson Centre for Biostatistics (I.F.) and Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (D.J.S.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, United Kingdom; Department of Epidemiology (A.B.N.), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260; Department of Internal Medicine (S.J.L.B., R.P.D.), University Medical Center, University of Groningen, 9700 AB Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Medicine (C.W., C.D.), Division of Nephrology, University Hospital of Würzburg, and Comprehensive Heart Failure Centre (C.W., C.D.), 97070 Würzburg, Germany; Department of Clinical Studies (M.I.), Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Nagasaki 850-8555, Japan; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (G.C.), University of Parma, 143100 Parma, Italy; National Institute on Aging (L.F.), Baltimore, Maryland 21225; Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.), Clinical-Epidemiological Research/Study of Health in Pomerania, University Medicine, German Centre of Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site, Department of Internal Medicine (M.D.), and University Medicine (M.D.), German Centre of Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site, 17487 Greifswald, Germany; Departments of Neurology and Epidemiology (W.T.L.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit (W.T.L.), Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98108; Group Health Research Institute (B.M.P.), Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, Washington 98101; Division of Endocrinology (R.M.B.M., J.A.S.), Department of Medicine, Federal University of Sao Paulo, 05508-900 São Paulo, Brazil; Division of Endocrinology (J.A.S.), Faculdade de Medicina de Marília, Marília, Brazil; Department of Public Health and Primary Care (R.N.L., K.-T.K.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, United Kingdom; Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of The Netherlands (W.J.), 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands; School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (J.A.F.), College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom; and Department of Public Health and Center for Healthy Ageing (R.G.W.), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2400 Copenhagen, Denmark
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Chaker L, Baumgartner C, den Elzen WPJ, Ikram MA, Blum MR, Collet TH, Bakker SJL, Dehghan A, Drechsler C, Luben RN, Hofman A, Portegies MLP, Medici M, Iervasi G, Stott DJ, Ford I, Bremner A, Wanner C, Ferrucci L, Newman AB, Dullaart RP, Sgarbi JA, Ceresini G, Maciel RMB, Westendorp RG, Jukema JW, Imaizumi M, Franklyn JA, Bauer DC, Walsh JP, Razvi S, Khaw KT, Cappola AR, Völzke H, Franco OH, Gussekloo J, Rodondi N, Peeters RP. Subclinical Hypothyroidism and the Risk of Stroke Events and Fatal Stroke: An Individual Participant Data Analysis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2015; 100:2181-91. [PMID: 25856213 PMCID: PMC4454799 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2015-1438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective was to determine the risk of stroke associated with subclinical hypothyroidism. DATA SOURCES AND STUDY SELECTION Published prospective cohort studies were identified through a systematic search through November 2013 without restrictions in several databases. Unpublished studies were identified through the Thyroid Studies Collaboration. We collected individual participant data on thyroid function and stroke outcome. Euthyroidism was defined as TSH levels of 0.45-4.49 mIU/L, and subclinical hypothyroidism was defined as TSH levels of 4.5-19.9 mIU/L with normal T4 levels. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS We collected individual participant data on 47 573 adults (3451 subclinical hypothyroidism) from 17 cohorts and followed up from 1972-2014 (489 192 person-years). Age- and sex-adjusted pooled hazard ratios (HRs) for participants with subclinical hypothyroidism compared to euthyroidism were 1.05 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.91-1.21) for stroke events (combined fatal and nonfatal stroke) and 1.07 (95% CI, 0.80-1.42) for fatal stroke. Stratified by age, the HR for stroke events was 3.32 (95% CI, 1.25-8.80) for individuals aged 18-49 years. There was an increased risk of fatal stroke in the age groups 18-49 and 50-64 years, with a HR of 4.22 (95% CI, 1.08-16.55) and 2.86 (95% CI, 1.31-6.26), respectively (p trend 0.04). We found no increased risk for those 65-79 years old (HR, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.86-1.18) or ≥ 80 years old (HR, 1.31; 95% CI, 0.79-2.18). There was a pattern of increased risk of fatal stroke with higher TSH concentrations. CONCLUSIONS Although no overall effect of subclinical hypothyroidism on stroke could be demonstrated, an increased risk in subjects younger than 65 years and those with higher TSH concentrations was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Layal Chaker
- Department of Internal Medicine (L.C., M.M., R.P.P.), and Rotterdam Thyroid Center, Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology (L.C., M.A.I., A.D., A.H., M.L.P.P., O.H.F.), Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of General Internal Medicine (C.B., M.R.B., N.R.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; Departments of Epidemiology, Public Health, and Primary Care (W.P.J.d.E., J.G.), Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Radiology (M.A.I.), Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.A.I., M.L.P.P.), Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (T.-H.C.), University Hospital of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Internal Medicine (S.J.L.B., R.P.D.), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Medicine (C.D., C.W.), Division of Nephrology, University Hospital of Würzburg, Germany Comprehensive Heart Failure Centre, D-97080 Würzburg, Germany; Department of Public Health and Primary Care (R.N.L., K.-T.K.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, United Kingdom; National Council Research Institute of Clinical Physiology (G.I.), Pisa 56124, Italy; Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine (D.J.S.), and Robertson Centre for Biostatistics (I.F.), University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom; School of Population Health (A.B.), University of Western Australia, Crawley, Perth 6009, Western Australia, Australia; National Institute on Aging (L.F.), Baltimore, Maryland 20892; Department of Epidemiology (A.B.N.), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260; Division of Endocrinology (J.A.S.), Faculdade de Medicina de Marília, Marília, Sao Paulo 17519, Brazil; Di
| | - Christine Baumgartner
- Department of Internal Medicine (L.C., M.M., R.P.P.), and Rotterdam Thyroid Center, Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology (L.C., M.A.I., A.D., A.H., M.L.P.P., O.H.F.), Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of General Internal Medicine (C.B., M.R.B., N.R.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; Departments of Epidemiology, Public Health, and Primary Care (W.P.J.d.E., J.G.), Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Radiology (M.A.I.), Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.A.I., M.L.P.P.), Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (T.-H.C.), University Hospital of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Internal Medicine (S.J.L.B., R.P.D.), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Medicine (C.D., C.W.), Division of Nephrology, University Hospital of Würzburg, Germany Comprehensive Heart Failure Centre, D-97080 Würzburg, Germany; Department of Public Health and Primary Care (R.N.L., K.-T.K.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, United Kingdom; National Council Research Institute of Clinical Physiology (G.I.), Pisa 56124, Italy; Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine (D.J.S.), and Robertson Centre for Biostatistics (I.F.), University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom; School of Population Health (A.B.), University of Western Australia, Crawley, Perth 6009, Western Australia, Australia; National Institute on Aging (L.F.), Baltimore, Maryland 20892; Department of Epidemiology (A.B.N.), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260; Division of Endocrinology (J.A.S.), Faculdade de Medicina de Marília, Marília, Sao Paulo 17519, Brazil; Di
| | - Wendy P J den Elzen
- Department of Internal Medicine (L.C., M.M., R.P.P.), and Rotterdam Thyroid Center, Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology (L.C., M.A.I., A.D., A.H., M.L.P.P., O.H.F.), Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of General Internal Medicine (C.B., M.R.B., N.R.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; Departments of Epidemiology, Public Health, and Primary Care (W.P.J.d.E., J.G.), Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Radiology (M.A.I.), Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.A.I., M.L.P.P.), Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (T.-H.C.), University Hospital of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Internal Medicine (S.J.L.B., R.P.D.), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Medicine (C.D., C.W.), Division of Nephrology, University Hospital of Würzburg, Germany Comprehensive Heart Failure Centre, D-97080 Würzburg, Germany; Department of Public Health and Primary Care (R.N.L., K.-T.K.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, United Kingdom; National Council Research Institute of Clinical Physiology (G.I.), Pisa 56124, Italy; Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine (D.J.S.), and Robertson Centre for Biostatistics (I.F.), University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom; School of Population Health (A.B.), University of Western Australia, Crawley, Perth 6009, Western Australia, Australia; National Institute on Aging (L.F.), Baltimore, Maryland 20892; Department of Epidemiology (A.B.N.), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260; Division of Endocrinology (J.A.S.), Faculdade de Medicina de Marília, Marília, Sao Paulo 17519, Brazil; Di
| | - M Arfan Ikram
- Department of Internal Medicine (L.C., M.M., R.P.P.), and Rotterdam Thyroid Center, Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology (L.C., M.A.I., A.D., A.H., M.L.P.P., O.H.F.), Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of General Internal Medicine (C.B., M.R.B., N.R.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; Departments of Epidemiology, Public Health, and Primary Care (W.P.J.d.E., J.G.), Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Radiology (M.A.I.), Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.A.I., M.L.P.P.), Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (T.-H.C.), University Hospital of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Internal Medicine (S.J.L.B., R.P.D.), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Medicine (C.D., C.W.), Division of Nephrology, University Hospital of Würzburg, Germany Comprehensive Heart Failure Centre, D-97080 Würzburg, Germany; Department of Public Health and Primary Care (R.N.L., K.-T.K.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, United Kingdom; National Council Research Institute of Clinical Physiology (G.I.), Pisa 56124, Italy; Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine (D.J.S.), and Robertson Centre for Biostatistics (I.F.), University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom; School of Population Health (A.B.), University of Western Australia, Crawley, Perth 6009, Western Australia, Australia; National Institute on Aging (L.F.), Baltimore, Maryland 20892; Department of Epidemiology (A.B.N.), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260; Division of Endocrinology (J.A.S.), Faculdade de Medicina de Marília, Marília, Sao Paulo 17519, Brazil; Di
| | - Manuel R Blum
- Department of Internal Medicine (L.C., M.M., R.P.P.), and Rotterdam Thyroid Center, Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology (L.C., M.A.I., A.D., A.H., M.L.P.P., O.H.F.), Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of General Internal Medicine (C.B., M.R.B., N.R.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; Departments of Epidemiology, Public Health, and Primary Care (W.P.J.d.E., J.G.), Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Radiology (M.A.I.), Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.A.I., M.L.P.P.), Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (T.-H.C.), University Hospital of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Internal Medicine (S.J.L.B., R.P.D.), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Medicine (C.D., C.W.), Division of Nephrology, University Hospital of Würzburg, Germany Comprehensive Heart Failure Centre, D-97080 Würzburg, Germany; Department of Public Health and Primary Care (R.N.L., K.-T.K.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, United Kingdom; National Council Research Institute of Clinical Physiology (G.I.), Pisa 56124, Italy; Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine (D.J.S.), and Robertson Centre for Biostatistics (I.F.), University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom; School of Population Health (A.B.), University of Western Australia, Crawley, Perth 6009, Western Australia, Australia; National Institute on Aging (L.F.), Baltimore, Maryland 20892; Department of Epidemiology (A.B.N.), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260; Division of Endocrinology (J.A.S.), Faculdade de Medicina de Marília, Marília, Sao Paulo 17519, Brazil; Di
| | - Tinh-Hai Collet
- Department of Internal Medicine (L.C., M.M., R.P.P.), and Rotterdam Thyroid Center, Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology (L.C., M.A.I., A.D., A.H., M.L.P.P., O.H.F.), Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of General Internal Medicine (C.B., M.R.B., N.R.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; Departments of Epidemiology, Public Health, and Primary Care (W.P.J.d.E., J.G.), Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Radiology (M.A.I.), Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.A.I., M.L.P.P.), Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (T.-H.C.), University Hospital of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Internal Medicine (S.J.L.B., R.P.D.), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Medicine (C.D., C.W.), Division of Nephrology, University Hospital of Würzburg, Germany Comprehensive Heart Failure Centre, D-97080 Würzburg, Germany; Department of Public Health and Primary Care (R.N.L., K.-T.K.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, United Kingdom; National Council Research Institute of Clinical Physiology (G.I.), Pisa 56124, Italy; Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine (D.J.S.), and Robertson Centre for Biostatistics (I.F.), University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom; School of Population Health (A.B.), University of Western Australia, Crawley, Perth 6009, Western Australia, Australia; National Institute on Aging (L.F.), Baltimore, Maryland 20892; Department of Epidemiology (A.B.N.), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260; Division of Endocrinology (J.A.S.), Faculdade de Medicina de Marília, Marília, Sao Paulo 17519, Brazil; Di
| | - Stephan J L Bakker
- Department of Internal Medicine (L.C., M.M., R.P.P.), and Rotterdam Thyroid Center, Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology (L.C., M.A.I., A.D., A.H., M.L.P.P., O.H.F.), Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of General Internal Medicine (C.B., M.R.B., N.R.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; Departments of Epidemiology, Public Health, and Primary Care (W.P.J.d.E., J.G.), Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Radiology (M.A.I.), Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.A.I., M.L.P.P.), Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (T.-H.C.), University Hospital of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Internal Medicine (S.J.L.B., R.P.D.), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Medicine (C.D., C.W.), Division of Nephrology, University Hospital of Würzburg, Germany Comprehensive Heart Failure Centre, D-97080 Würzburg, Germany; Department of Public Health and Primary Care (R.N.L., K.-T.K.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, United Kingdom; National Council Research Institute of Clinical Physiology (G.I.), Pisa 56124, Italy; Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine (D.J.S.), and Robertson Centre for Biostatistics (I.F.), University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom; School of Population Health (A.B.), University of Western Australia, Crawley, Perth 6009, Western Australia, Australia; National Institute on Aging (L.F.), Baltimore, Maryland 20892; Department of Epidemiology (A.B.N.), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260; Division of Endocrinology (J.A.S.), Faculdade de Medicina de Marília, Marília, Sao Paulo 17519, Brazil; Di
| | - Abbas Dehghan
- Department of Internal Medicine (L.C., M.M., R.P.P.), and Rotterdam Thyroid Center, Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology (L.C., M.A.I., A.D., A.H., M.L.P.P., O.H.F.), Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of General Internal Medicine (C.B., M.R.B., N.R.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; Departments of Epidemiology, Public Health, and Primary Care (W.P.J.d.E., J.G.), Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Radiology (M.A.I.), Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.A.I., M.L.P.P.), Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (T.-H.C.), University Hospital of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Internal Medicine (S.J.L.B., R.P.D.), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Medicine (C.D., C.W.), Division of Nephrology, University Hospital of Würzburg, Germany Comprehensive Heart Failure Centre, D-97080 Würzburg, Germany; Department of Public Health and Primary Care (R.N.L., K.-T.K.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, United Kingdom; National Council Research Institute of Clinical Physiology (G.I.), Pisa 56124, Italy; Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine (D.J.S.), and Robertson Centre for Biostatistics (I.F.), University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom; School of Population Health (A.B.), University of Western Australia, Crawley, Perth 6009, Western Australia, Australia; National Institute on Aging (L.F.), Baltimore, Maryland 20892; Department of Epidemiology (A.B.N.), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260; Division of Endocrinology (J.A.S.), Faculdade de Medicina de Marília, Marília, Sao Paulo 17519, Brazil; Di
| | - Christiane Drechsler
- Department of Internal Medicine (L.C., M.M., R.P.P.), and Rotterdam Thyroid Center, Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology (L.C., M.A.I., A.D., A.H., M.L.P.P., O.H.F.), Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of General Internal Medicine (C.B., M.R.B., N.R.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; Departments of Epidemiology, Public Health, and Primary Care (W.P.J.d.E., J.G.), Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Radiology (M.A.I.), Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.A.I., M.L.P.P.), Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (T.-H.C.), University Hospital of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Internal Medicine (S.J.L.B., R.P.D.), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Medicine (C.D., C.W.), Division of Nephrology, University Hospital of Würzburg, Germany Comprehensive Heart Failure Centre, D-97080 Würzburg, Germany; Department of Public Health and Primary Care (R.N.L., K.-T.K.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, United Kingdom; National Council Research Institute of Clinical Physiology (G.I.), Pisa 56124, Italy; Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine (D.J.S.), and Robertson Centre for Biostatistics (I.F.), University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom; School of Population Health (A.B.), University of Western Australia, Crawley, Perth 6009, Western Australia, Australia; National Institute on Aging (L.F.), Baltimore, Maryland 20892; Department of Epidemiology (A.B.N.), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260; Division of Endocrinology (J.A.S.), Faculdade de Medicina de Marília, Marília, Sao Paulo 17519, Brazil; Di
| | - Robert N Luben
- Department of Internal Medicine (L.C., M.M., R.P.P.), and Rotterdam Thyroid Center, Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology (L.C., M.A.I., A.D., A.H., M.L.P.P., O.H.F.), Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of General Internal Medicine (C.B., M.R.B., N.R.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; Departments of Epidemiology, Public Health, and Primary Care (W.P.J.d.E., J.G.), Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Radiology (M.A.I.), Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.A.I., M.L.P.P.), Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (T.-H.C.), University Hospital of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Internal Medicine (S.J.L.B., R.P.D.), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Medicine (C.D., C.W.), Division of Nephrology, University Hospital of Würzburg, Germany Comprehensive Heart Failure Centre, D-97080 Würzburg, Germany; Department of Public Health and Primary Care (R.N.L., K.-T.K.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, United Kingdom; National Council Research Institute of Clinical Physiology (G.I.), Pisa 56124, Italy; Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine (D.J.S.), and Robertson Centre for Biostatistics (I.F.), University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom; School of Population Health (A.B.), University of Western Australia, Crawley, Perth 6009, Western Australia, Australia; National Institute on Aging (L.F.), Baltimore, Maryland 20892; Department of Epidemiology (A.B.N.), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260; Division of Endocrinology (J.A.S.), Faculdade de Medicina de Marília, Marília, Sao Paulo 17519, Brazil; Di
| | - Albert Hofman
- Department of Internal Medicine (L.C., M.M., R.P.P.), and Rotterdam Thyroid Center, Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology (L.C., M.A.I., A.D., A.H., M.L.P.P., O.H.F.), Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of General Internal Medicine (C.B., M.R.B., N.R.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; Departments of Epidemiology, Public Health, and Primary Care (W.P.J.d.E., J.G.), Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Radiology (M.A.I.), Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.A.I., M.L.P.P.), Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (T.-H.C.), University Hospital of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Internal Medicine (S.J.L.B., R.P.D.), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Medicine (C.D., C.W.), Division of Nephrology, University Hospital of Würzburg, Germany Comprehensive Heart Failure Centre, D-97080 Würzburg, Germany; Department of Public Health and Primary Care (R.N.L., K.-T.K.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, United Kingdom; National Council Research Institute of Clinical Physiology (G.I.), Pisa 56124, Italy; Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine (D.J.S.), and Robertson Centre for Biostatistics (I.F.), University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom; School of Population Health (A.B.), University of Western Australia, Crawley, Perth 6009, Western Australia, Australia; National Institute on Aging (L.F.), Baltimore, Maryland 20892; Department of Epidemiology (A.B.N.), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260; Division of Endocrinology (J.A.S.), Faculdade de Medicina de Marília, Marília, Sao Paulo 17519, Brazil; Di
| | - Marileen L P Portegies
- Department of Internal Medicine (L.C., M.M., R.P.P.), and Rotterdam Thyroid Center, Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology (L.C., M.A.I., A.D., A.H., M.L.P.P., O.H.F.), Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of General Internal Medicine (C.B., M.R.B., N.R.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; Departments of Epidemiology, Public Health, and Primary Care (W.P.J.d.E., J.G.), Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Radiology (M.A.I.), Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.A.I., M.L.P.P.), Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (T.-H.C.), University Hospital of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Internal Medicine (S.J.L.B., R.P.D.), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Medicine (C.D., C.W.), Division of Nephrology, University Hospital of Würzburg, Germany Comprehensive Heart Failure Centre, D-97080 Würzburg, Germany; Department of Public Health and Primary Care (R.N.L., K.-T.K.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, United Kingdom; National Council Research Institute of Clinical Physiology (G.I.), Pisa 56124, Italy; Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine (D.J.S.), and Robertson Centre for Biostatistics (I.F.), University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom; School of Population Health (A.B.), University of Western Australia, Crawley, Perth 6009, Western Australia, Australia; National Institute on Aging (L.F.), Baltimore, Maryland 20892; Department of Epidemiology (A.B.N.), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260; Division of Endocrinology (J.A.S.), Faculdade de Medicina de Marília, Marília, Sao Paulo 17519, Brazil; Di
| | - Marco Medici
- Department of Internal Medicine (L.C., M.M., R.P.P.), and Rotterdam Thyroid Center, Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology (L.C., M.A.I., A.D., A.H., M.L.P.P., O.H.F.), Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of General Internal Medicine (C.B., M.R.B., N.R.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; Departments of Epidemiology, Public Health, and Primary Care (W.P.J.d.E., J.G.), Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Radiology (M.A.I.), Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.A.I., M.L.P.P.), Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (T.-H.C.), University Hospital of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Internal Medicine (S.J.L.B., R.P.D.), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Medicine (C.D., C.W.), Division of Nephrology, University Hospital of Würzburg, Germany Comprehensive Heart Failure Centre, D-97080 Würzburg, Germany; Department of Public Health and Primary Care (R.N.L., K.-T.K.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, United Kingdom; National Council Research Institute of Clinical Physiology (G.I.), Pisa 56124, Italy; Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine (D.J.S.), and Robertson Centre for Biostatistics (I.F.), University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom; School of Population Health (A.B.), University of Western Australia, Crawley, Perth 6009, Western Australia, Australia; National Institute on Aging (L.F.), Baltimore, Maryland 20892; Department of Epidemiology (A.B.N.), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260; Division of Endocrinology (J.A.S.), Faculdade de Medicina de Marília, Marília, Sao Paulo 17519, Brazil; Di
| | - Giorgio Iervasi
- Department of Internal Medicine (L.C., M.M., R.P.P.), and Rotterdam Thyroid Center, Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology (L.C., M.A.I., A.D., A.H., M.L.P.P., O.H.F.), Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of General Internal Medicine (C.B., M.R.B., N.R.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; Departments of Epidemiology, Public Health, and Primary Care (W.P.J.d.E., J.G.), Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Radiology (M.A.I.), Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.A.I., M.L.P.P.), Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (T.-H.C.), University Hospital of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Internal Medicine (S.J.L.B., R.P.D.), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Medicine (C.D., C.W.), Division of Nephrology, University Hospital of Würzburg, Germany Comprehensive Heart Failure Centre, D-97080 Würzburg, Germany; Department of Public Health and Primary Care (R.N.L., K.-T.K.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, United Kingdom; National Council Research Institute of Clinical Physiology (G.I.), Pisa 56124, Italy; Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine (D.J.S.), and Robertson Centre for Biostatistics (I.F.), University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom; School of Population Health (A.B.), University of Western Australia, Crawley, Perth 6009, Western Australia, Australia; National Institute on Aging (L.F.), Baltimore, Maryland 20892; Department of Epidemiology (A.B.N.), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260; Division of Endocrinology (J.A.S.), Faculdade de Medicina de Marília, Marília, Sao Paulo 17519, Brazil; Di
| | - David J Stott
- Department of Internal Medicine (L.C., M.M., R.P.P.), and Rotterdam Thyroid Center, Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology (L.C., M.A.I., A.D., A.H., M.L.P.P., O.H.F.), Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of General Internal Medicine (C.B., M.R.B., N.R.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; Departments of Epidemiology, Public Health, and Primary Care (W.P.J.d.E., J.G.), Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Radiology (M.A.I.), Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.A.I., M.L.P.P.), Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (T.-H.C.), University Hospital of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Internal Medicine (S.J.L.B., R.P.D.), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Medicine (C.D., C.W.), Division of Nephrology, University Hospital of Würzburg, Germany Comprehensive Heart Failure Centre, D-97080 Würzburg, Germany; Department of Public Health and Primary Care (R.N.L., K.-T.K.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, United Kingdom; National Council Research Institute of Clinical Physiology (G.I.), Pisa 56124, Italy; Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine (D.J.S.), and Robertson Centre for Biostatistics (I.F.), University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom; School of Population Health (A.B.), University of Western Australia, Crawley, Perth 6009, Western Australia, Australia; National Institute on Aging (L.F.), Baltimore, Maryland 20892; Department of Epidemiology (A.B.N.), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260; Division of Endocrinology (J.A.S.), Faculdade de Medicina de Marília, Marília, Sao Paulo 17519, Brazil; Di
| | - Ian Ford
- Department of Internal Medicine (L.C., M.M., R.P.P.), and Rotterdam Thyroid Center, Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology (L.C., M.A.I., A.D., A.H., M.L.P.P., O.H.F.), Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of General Internal Medicine (C.B., M.R.B., N.R.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; Departments of Epidemiology, Public Health, and Primary Care (W.P.J.d.E., J.G.), Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Radiology (M.A.I.), Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.A.I., M.L.P.P.), Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (T.-H.C.), University Hospital of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Internal Medicine (S.J.L.B., R.P.D.), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Medicine (C.D., C.W.), Division of Nephrology, University Hospital of Würzburg, Germany Comprehensive Heart Failure Centre, D-97080 Würzburg, Germany; Department of Public Health and Primary Care (R.N.L., K.-T.K.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, United Kingdom; National Council Research Institute of Clinical Physiology (G.I.), Pisa 56124, Italy; Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine (D.J.S.), and Robertson Centre for Biostatistics (I.F.), University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom; School of Population Health (A.B.), University of Western Australia, Crawley, Perth 6009, Western Australia, Australia; National Institute on Aging (L.F.), Baltimore, Maryland 20892; Department of Epidemiology (A.B.N.), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260; Division of Endocrinology (J.A.S.), Faculdade de Medicina de Marília, Marília, Sao Paulo 17519, Brazil; Di
| | - Alexandra Bremner
- Department of Internal Medicine (L.C., M.M., R.P.P.), and Rotterdam Thyroid Center, Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology (L.C., M.A.I., A.D., A.H., M.L.P.P., O.H.F.), Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of General Internal Medicine (C.B., M.R.B., N.R.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; Departments of Epidemiology, Public Health, and Primary Care (W.P.J.d.E., J.G.), Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Radiology (M.A.I.), Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.A.I., M.L.P.P.), Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (T.-H.C.), University Hospital of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Internal Medicine (S.J.L.B., R.P.D.), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Medicine (C.D., C.W.), Division of Nephrology, University Hospital of Würzburg, Germany Comprehensive Heart Failure Centre, D-97080 Würzburg, Germany; Department of Public Health and Primary Care (R.N.L., K.-T.K.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, United Kingdom; National Council Research Institute of Clinical Physiology (G.I.), Pisa 56124, Italy; Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine (D.J.S.), and Robertson Centre for Biostatistics (I.F.), University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom; School of Population Health (A.B.), University of Western Australia, Crawley, Perth 6009, Western Australia, Australia; National Institute on Aging (L.F.), Baltimore, Maryland 20892; Department of Epidemiology (A.B.N.), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260; Division of Endocrinology (J.A.S.), Faculdade de Medicina de Marília, Marília, Sao Paulo 17519, Brazil; Di
| | - Christoph Wanner
- Department of Internal Medicine (L.C., M.M., R.P.P.), and Rotterdam Thyroid Center, Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology (L.C., M.A.I., A.D., A.H., M.L.P.P., O.H.F.), Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of General Internal Medicine (C.B., M.R.B., N.R.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; Departments of Epidemiology, Public Health, and Primary Care (W.P.J.d.E., J.G.), Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Radiology (M.A.I.), Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.A.I., M.L.P.P.), Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (T.-H.C.), University Hospital of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Internal Medicine (S.J.L.B., R.P.D.), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Medicine (C.D., C.W.), Division of Nephrology, University Hospital of Würzburg, Germany Comprehensive Heart Failure Centre, D-97080 Würzburg, Germany; Department of Public Health and Primary Care (R.N.L., K.-T.K.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, United Kingdom; National Council Research Institute of Clinical Physiology (G.I.), Pisa 56124, Italy; Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine (D.J.S.), and Robertson Centre for Biostatistics (I.F.), University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom; School of Population Health (A.B.), University of Western Australia, Crawley, Perth 6009, Western Australia, Australia; National Institute on Aging (L.F.), Baltimore, Maryland 20892; Department of Epidemiology (A.B.N.), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260; Division of Endocrinology (J.A.S.), Faculdade de Medicina de Marília, Marília, Sao Paulo 17519, Brazil; Di
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Department of Internal Medicine (L.C., M.M., R.P.P.), and Rotterdam Thyroid Center, Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology (L.C., M.A.I., A.D., A.H., M.L.P.P., O.H.F.), Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of General Internal Medicine (C.B., M.R.B., N.R.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; Departments of Epidemiology, Public Health, and Primary Care (W.P.J.d.E., J.G.), Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Radiology (M.A.I.), Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.A.I., M.L.P.P.), Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (T.-H.C.), University Hospital of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Internal Medicine (S.J.L.B., R.P.D.), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Medicine (C.D., C.W.), Division of Nephrology, University Hospital of Würzburg, Germany Comprehensive Heart Failure Centre, D-97080 Würzburg, Germany; Department of Public Health and Primary Care (R.N.L., K.-T.K.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, United Kingdom; National Council Research Institute of Clinical Physiology (G.I.), Pisa 56124, Italy; Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine (D.J.S.), and Robertson Centre for Biostatistics (I.F.), University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom; School of Population Health (A.B.), University of Western Australia, Crawley, Perth 6009, Western Australia, Australia; National Institute on Aging (L.F.), Baltimore, Maryland 20892; Department of Epidemiology (A.B.N.), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260; Division of Endocrinology (J.A.S.), Faculdade de Medicina de Marília, Marília, Sao Paulo 17519, Brazil; Di
| | - Anne B Newman
- Department of Internal Medicine (L.C., M.M., R.P.P.), and Rotterdam Thyroid Center, Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology (L.C., M.A.I., A.D., A.H., M.L.P.P., O.H.F.), Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of General Internal Medicine (C.B., M.R.B., N.R.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; Departments of Epidemiology, Public Health, and Primary Care (W.P.J.d.E., J.G.), Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Radiology (M.A.I.), Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.A.I., M.L.P.P.), Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (T.-H.C.), University Hospital of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Internal Medicine (S.J.L.B., R.P.D.), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Medicine (C.D., C.W.), Division of Nephrology, University Hospital of Würzburg, Germany Comprehensive Heart Failure Centre, D-97080 Würzburg, Germany; Department of Public Health and Primary Care (R.N.L., K.-T.K.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, United Kingdom; National Council Research Institute of Clinical Physiology (G.I.), Pisa 56124, Italy; Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine (D.J.S.), and Robertson Centre for Biostatistics (I.F.), University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom; School of Population Health (A.B.), University of Western Australia, Crawley, Perth 6009, Western Australia, Australia; National Institute on Aging (L.F.), Baltimore, Maryland 20892; Department of Epidemiology (A.B.N.), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260; Division of Endocrinology (J.A.S.), Faculdade de Medicina de Marília, Marília, Sao Paulo 17519, Brazil; Di
| | - Robin P Dullaart
- Department of Internal Medicine (L.C., M.M., R.P.P.), and Rotterdam Thyroid Center, Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology (L.C., M.A.I., A.D., A.H., M.L.P.P., O.H.F.), Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of General Internal Medicine (C.B., M.R.B., N.R.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; Departments of Epidemiology, Public Health, and Primary Care (W.P.J.d.E., J.G.), Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Radiology (M.A.I.), Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.A.I., M.L.P.P.), Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (T.-H.C.), University Hospital of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Internal Medicine (S.J.L.B., R.P.D.), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Medicine (C.D., C.W.), Division of Nephrology, University Hospital of Würzburg, Germany Comprehensive Heart Failure Centre, D-97080 Würzburg, Germany; Department of Public Health and Primary Care (R.N.L., K.-T.K.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, United Kingdom; National Council Research Institute of Clinical Physiology (G.I.), Pisa 56124, Italy; Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine (D.J.S.), and Robertson Centre for Biostatistics (I.F.), University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom; School of Population Health (A.B.), University of Western Australia, Crawley, Perth 6009, Western Australia, Australia; National Institute on Aging (L.F.), Baltimore, Maryland 20892; Department of Epidemiology (A.B.N.), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260; Division of Endocrinology (J.A.S.), Faculdade de Medicina de Marília, Marília, Sao Paulo 17519, Brazil; Di
| | - José A Sgarbi
- Department of Internal Medicine (L.C., M.M., R.P.P.), and Rotterdam Thyroid Center, Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology (L.C., M.A.I., A.D., A.H., M.L.P.P., O.H.F.), Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of General Internal Medicine (C.B., M.R.B., N.R.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; Departments of Epidemiology, Public Health, and Primary Care (W.P.J.d.E., J.G.), Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Radiology (M.A.I.), Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.A.I., M.L.P.P.), Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (T.-H.C.), University Hospital of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Internal Medicine (S.J.L.B., R.P.D.), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Medicine (C.D., C.W.), Division of Nephrology, University Hospital of Würzburg, Germany Comprehensive Heart Failure Centre, D-97080 Würzburg, Germany; Department of Public Health and Primary Care (R.N.L., K.-T.K.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, United Kingdom; National Council Research Institute of Clinical Physiology (G.I.), Pisa 56124, Italy; Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine (D.J.S.), and Robertson Centre for Biostatistics (I.F.), University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom; School of Population Health (A.B.), University of Western Australia, Crawley, Perth 6009, Western Australia, Australia; National Institute on Aging (L.F.), Baltimore, Maryland 20892; Department of Epidemiology (A.B.N.), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260; Division of Endocrinology (J.A.S.), Faculdade de Medicina de Marília, Marília, Sao Paulo 17519, Brazil; Di
| | - Graziano Ceresini
- Department of Internal Medicine (L.C., M.M., R.P.P.), and Rotterdam Thyroid Center, Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology (L.C., M.A.I., A.D., A.H., M.L.P.P., O.H.F.), Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of General Internal Medicine (C.B., M.R.B., N.R.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; Departments of Epidemiology, Public Health, and Primary Care (W.P.J.d.E., J.G.), Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Radiology (M.A.I.), Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.A.I., M.L.P.P.), Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (T.-H.C.), University Hospital of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Internal Medicine (S.J.L.B., R.P.D.), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Medicine (C.D., C.W.), Division of Nephrology, University Hospital of Würzburg, Germany Comprehensive Heart Failure Centre, D-97080 Würzburg, Germany; Department of Public Health and Primary Care (R.N.L., K.-T.K.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, United Kingdom; National Council Research Institute of Clinical Physiology (G.I.), Pisa 56124, Italy; Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine (D.J.S.), and Robertson Centre for Biostatistics (I.F.), University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom; School of Population Health (A.B.), University of Western Australia, Crawley, Perth 6009, Western Australia, Australia; National Institute on Aging (L.F.), Baltimore, Maryland 20892; Department of Epidemiology (A.B.N.), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260; Division of Endocrinology (J.A.S.), Faculdade de Medicina de Marília, Marília, Sao Paulo 17519, Brazil; Di
| | - Rui M B Maciel
- Department of Internal Medicine (L.C., M.M., R.P.P.), and Rotterdam Thyroid Center, Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology (L.C., M.A.I., A.D., A.H., M.L.P.P., O.H.F.), Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of General Internal Medicine (C.B., M.R.B., N.R.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; Departments of Epidemiology, Public Health, and Primary Care (W.P.J.d.E., J.G.), Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Radiology (M.A.I.), Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.A.I., M.L.P.P.), Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (T.-H.C.), University Hospital of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Internal Medicine (S.J.L.B., R.P.D.), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Medicine (C.D., C.W.), Division of Nephrology, University Hospital of Würzburg, Germany Comprehensive Heart Failure Centre, D-97080 Würzburg, Germany; Department of Public Health and Primary Care (R.N.L., K.-T.K.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, United Kingdom; National Council Research Institute of Clinical Physiology (G.I.), Pisa 56124, Italy; Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine (D.J.S.), and Robertson Centre for Biostatistics (I.F.), University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom; School of Population Health (A.B.), University of Western Australia, Crawley, Perth 6009, Western Australia, Australia; National Institute on Aging (L.F.), Baltimore, Maryland 20892; Department of Epidemiology (A.B.N.), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260; Division of Endocrinology (J.A.S.), Faculdade de Medicina de Marília, Marília, Sao Paulo 17519, Brazil; Di
| | - Rudi G Westendorp
- Department of Internal Medicine (L.C., M.M., R.P.P.), and Rotterdam Thyroid Center, Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology (L.C., M.A.I., A.D., A.H., M.L.P.P., O.H.F.), Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of General Internal Medicine (C.B., M.R.B., N.R.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; Departments of Epidemiology, Public Health, and Primary Care (W.P.J.d.E., J.G.), Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Radiology (M.A.I.), Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.A.I., M.L.P.P.), Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (T.-H.C.), University Hospital of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Internal Medicine (S.J.L.B., R.P.D.), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Medicine (C.D., C.W.), Division of Nephrology, University Hospital of Würzburg, Germany Comprehensive Heart Failure Centre, D-97080 Würzburg, Germany; Department of Public Health and Primary Care (R.N.L., K.-T.K.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, United Kingdom; National Council Research Institute of Clinical Physiology (G.I.), Pisa 56124, Italy; Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine (D.J.S.), and Robertson Centre for Biostatistics (I.F.), University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom; School of Population Health (A.B.), University of Western Australia, Crawley, Perth 6009, Western Australia, Australia; National Institute on Aging (L.F.), Baltimore, Maryland 20892; Department of Epidemiology (A.B.N.), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260; Division of Endocrinology (J.A.S.), Faculdade de Medicina de Marília, Marília, Sao Paulo 17519, Brazil; Di
| | - J Wouter Jukema
- Department of Internal Medicine (L.C., M.M., R.P.P.), and Rotterdam Thyroid Center, Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology (L.C., M.A.I., A.D., A.H., M.L.P.P., O.H.F.), Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of General Internal Medicine (C.B., M.R.B., N.R.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; Departments of Epidemiology, Public Health, and Primary Care (W.P.J.d.E., J.G.), Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Radiology (M.A.I.), Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.A.I., M.L.P.P.), Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (T.-H.C.), University Hospital of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Internal Medicine (S.J.L.B., R.P.D.), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Medicine (C.D., C.W.), Division of Nephrology, University Hospital of Würzburg, Germany Comprehensive Heart Failure Centre, D-97080 Würzburg, Germany; Department of Public Health and Primary Care (R.N.L., K.-T.K.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, United Kingdom; National Council Research Institute of Clinical Physiology (G.I.), Pisa 56124, Italy; Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine (D.J.S.), and Robertson Centre for Biostatistics (I.F.), University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom; School of Population Health (A.B.), University of Western Australia, Crawley, Perth 6009, Western Australia, Australia; National Institute on Aging (L.F.), Baltimore, Maryland 20892; Department of Epidemiology (A.B.N.), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260; Division of Endocrinology (J.A.S.), Faculdade de Medicina de Marília, Marília, Sao Paulo 17519, Brazil; Di
| | - Misa Imaizumi
- Department of Internal Medicine (L.C., M.M., R.P.P.), and Rotterdam Thyroid Center, Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology (L.C., M.A.I., A.D., A.H., M.L.P.P., O.H.F.), Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of General Internal Medicine (C.B., M.R.B., N.R.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; Departments of Epidemiology, Public Health, and Primary Care (W.P.J.d.E., J.G.), Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Radiology (M.A.I.), Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.A.I., M.L.P.P.), Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (T.-H.C.), University Hospital of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Internal Medicine (S.J.L.B., R.P.D.), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Medicine (C.D., C.W.), Division of Nephrology, University Hospital of Würzburg, Germany Comprehensive Heart Failure Centre, D-97080 Würzburg, Germany; Department of Public Health and Primary Care (R.N.L., K.-T.K.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, United Kingdom; National Council Research Institute of Clinical Physiology (G.I.), Pisa 56124, Italy; Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine (D.J.S.), and Robertson Centre for Biostatistics (I.F.), University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom; School of Population Health (A.B.), University of Western Australia, Crawley, Perth 6009, Western Australia, Australia; National Institute on Aging (L.F.), Baltimore, Maryland 20892; Department of Epidemiology (A.B.N.), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260; Division of Endocrinology (J.A.S.), Faculdade de Medicina de Marília, Marília, Sao Paulo 17519, Brazil; Di
| | - Jayne A Franklyn
- Department of Internal Medicine (L.C., M.M., R.P.P.), and Rotterdam Thyroid Center, Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology (L.C., M.A.I., A.D., A.H., M.L.P.P., O.H.F.), Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of General Internal Medicine (C.B., M.R.B., N.R.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; Departments of Epidemiology, Public Health, and Primary Care (W.P.J.d.E., J.G.), Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Radiology (M.A.I.), Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.A.I., M.L.P.P.), Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (T.-H.C.), University Hospital of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Internal Medicine (S.J.L.B., R.P.D.), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Medicine (C.D., C.W.), Division of Nephrology, University Hospital of Würzburg, Germany Comprehensive Heart Failure Centre, D-97080 Würzburg, Germany; Department of Public Health and Primary Care (R.N.L., K.-T.K.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, United Kingdom; National Council Research Institute of Clinical Physiology (G.I.), Pisa 56124, Italy; Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine (D.J.S.), and Robertson Centre for Biostatistics (I.F.), University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom; School of Population Health (A.B.), University of Western Australia, Crawley, Perth 6009, Western Australia, Australia; National Institute on Aging (L.F.), Baltimore, Maryland 20892; Department of Epidemiology (A.B.N.), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260; Division of Endocrinology (J.A.S.), Faculdade de Medicina de Marília, Marília, Sao Paulo 17519, Brazil; Di
| | - Douglas C Bauer
- Department of Internal Medicine (L.C., M.M., R.P.P.), and Rotterdam Thyroid Center, Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology (L.C., M.A.I., A.D., A.H., M.L.P.P., O.H.F.), Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of General Internal Medicine (C.B., M.R.B., N.R.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; Departments of Epidemiology, Public Health, and Primary Care (W.P.J.d.E., J.G.), Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Radiology (M.A.I.), Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.A.I., M.L.P.P.), Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (T.-H.C.), University Hospital of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Internal Medicine (S.J.L.B., R.P.D.), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Medicine (C.D., C.W.), Division of Nephrology, University Hospital of Würzburg, Germany Comprehensive Heart Failure Centre, D-97080 Würzburg, Germany; Department of Public Health and Primary Care (R.N.L., K.-T.K.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, United Kingdom; National Council Research Institute of Clinical Physiology (G.I.), Pisa 56124, Italy; Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine (D.J.S.), and Robertson Centre for Biostatistics (I.F.), University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom; School of Population Health (A.B.), University of Western Australia, Crawley, Perth 6009, Western Australia, Australia; National Institute on Aging (L.F.), Baltimore, Maryland 20892; Department of Epidemiology (A.B.N.), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260; Division of Endocrinology (J.A.S.), Faculdade de Medicina de Marília, Marília, Sao Paulo 17519, Brazil; Di
| | - John P Walsh
- Department of Internal Medicine (L.C., M.M., R.P.P.), and Rotterdam Thyroid Center, Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology (L.C., M.A.I., A.D., A.H., M.L.P.P., O.H.F.), Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of General Internal Medicine (C.B., M.R.B., N.R.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; Departments of Epidemiology, Public Health, and Primary Care (W.P.J.d.E., J.G.), Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Radiology (M.A.I.), Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.A.I., M.L.P.P.), Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (T.-H.C.), University Hospital of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Internal Medicine (S.J.L.B., R.P.D.), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Medicine (C.D., C.W.), Division of Nephrology, University Hospital of Würzburg, Germany Comprehensive Heart Failure Centre, D-97080 Würzburg, Germany; Department of Public Health and Primary Care (R.N.L., K.-T.K.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, United Kingdom; National Council Research Institute of Clinical Physiology (G.I.), Pisa 56124, Italy; Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine (D.J.S.), and Robertson Centre for Biostatistics (I.F.), University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom; School of Population Health (A.B.), University of Western Australia, Crawley, Perth 6009, Western Australia, Australia; National Institute on Aging (L.F.), Baltimore, Maryland 20892; Department of Epidemiology (A.B.N.), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260; Division of Endocrinology (J.A.S.), Faculdade de Medicina de Marília, Marília, Sao Paulo 17519, Brazil; Di
| | - Salman Razvi
- Department of Internal Medicine (L.C., M.M., R.P.P.), and Rotterdam Thyroid Center, Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology (L.C., M.A.I., A.D., A.H., M.L.P.P., O.H.F.), Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of General Internal Medicine (C.B., M.R.B., N.R.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; Departments of Epidemiology, Public Health, and Primary Care (W.P.J.d.E., J.G.), Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Radiology (M.A.I.), Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.A.I., M.L.P.P.), Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (T.-H.C.), University Hospital of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Internal Medicine (S.J.L.B., R.P.D.), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Medicine (C.D., C.W.), Division of Nephrology, University Hospital of Würzburg, Germany Comprehensive Heart Failure Centre, D-97080 Würzburg, Germany; Department of Public Health and Primary Care (R.N.L., K.-T.K.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, United Kingdom; National Council Research Institute of Clinical Physiology (G.I.), Pisa 56124, Italy; Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine (D.J.S.), and Robertson Centre for Biostatistics (I.F.), University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom; School of Population Health (A.B.), University of Western Australia, Crawley, Perth 6009, Western Australia, Australia; National Institute on Aging (L.F.), Baltimore, Maryland 20892; Department of Epidemiology (A.B.N.), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260; Division of Endocrinology (J.A.S.), Faculdade de Medicina de Marília, Marília, Sao Paulo 17519, Brazil; Di
| | - Kay-Tee Khaw
- Department of Internal Medicine (L.C., M.M., R.P.P.), and Rotterdam Thyroid Center, Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology (L.C., M.A.I., A.D., A.H., M.L.P.P., O.H.F.), Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of General Internal Medicine (C.B., M.R.B., N.R.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; Departments of Epidemiology, Public Health, and Primary Care (W.P.J.d.E., J.G.), Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Radiology (M.A.I.), Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.A.I., M.L.P.P.), Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (T.-H.C.), University Hospital of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Internal Medicine (S.J.L.B., R.P.D.), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Medicine (C.D., C.W.), Division of Nephrology, University Hospital of Würzburg, Germany Comprehensive Heart Failure Centre, D-97080 Würzburg, Germany; Department of Public Health and Primary Care (R.N.L., K.-T.K.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, United Kingdom; National Council Research Institute of Clinical Physiology (G.I.), Pisa 56124, Italy; Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine (D.J.S.), and Robertson Centre for Biostatistics (I.F.), University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom; School of Population Health (A.B.), University of Western Australia, Crawley, Perth 6009, Western Australia, Australia; National Institute on Aging (L.F.), Baltimore, Maryland 20892; Department of Epidemiology (A.B.N.), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260; Division of Endocrinology (J.A.S.), Faculdade de Medicina de Marília, Marília, Sao Paulo 17519, Brazil; Di
| | - Anne R Cappola
- Department of Internal Medicine (L.C., M.M., R.P.P.), and Rotterdam Thyroid Center, Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology (L.C., M.A.I., A.D., A.H., M.L.P.P., O.H.F.), Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of General Internal Medicine (C.B., M.R.B., N.R.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; Departments of Epidemiology, Public Health, and Primary Care (W.P.J.d.E., J.G.), Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Radiology (M.A.I.), Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.A.I., M.L.P.P.), Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (T.-H.C.), University Hospital of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Internal Medicine (S.J.L.B., R.P.D.), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Medicine (C.D., C.W.), Division of Nephrology, University Hospital of Würzburg, Germany Comprehensive Heart Failure Centre, D-97080 Würzburg, Germany; Department of Public Health and Primary Care (R.N.L., K.-T.K.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, United Kingdom; National Council Research Institute of Clinical Physiology (G.I.), Pisa 56124, Italy; Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine (D.J.S.), and Robertson Centre for Biostatistics (I.F.), University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom; School of Population Health (A.B.), University of Western Australia, Crawley, Perth 6009, Western Australia, Australia; National Institute on Aging (L.F.), Baltimore, Maryland 20892; Department of Epidemiology (A.B.N.), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260; Division of Endocrinology (J.A.S.), Faculdade de Medicina de Marília, Marília, Sao Paulo 17519, Brazil; Di
| | - Henry Völzke
- Department of Internal Medicine (L.C., M.M., R.P.P.), and Rotterdam Thyroid Center, Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology (L.C., M.A.I., A.D., A.H., M.L.P.P., O.H.F.), Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of General Internal Medicine (C.B., M.R.B., N.R.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; Departments of Epidemiology, Public Health, and Primary Care (W.P.J.d.E., J.G.), Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Radiology (M.A.I.), Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.A.I., M.L.P.P.), Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (T.-H.C.), University Hospital of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Internal Medicine (S.J.L.B., R.P.D.), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Medicine (C.D., C.W.), Division of Nephrology, University Hospital of Würzburg, Germany Comprehensive Heart Failure Centre, D-97080 Würzburg, Germany; Department of Public Health and Primary Care (R.N.L., K.-T.K.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, United Kingdom; National Council Research Institute of Clinical Physiology (G.I.), Pisa 56124, Italy; Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine (D.J.S.), and Robertson Centre for Biostatistics (I.F.), University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom; School of Population Health (A.B.), University of Western Australia, Crawley, Perth 6009, Western Australia, Australia; National Institute on Aging (L.F.), Baltimore, Maryland 20892; Department of Epidemiology (A.B.N.), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260; Division of Endocrinology (J.A.S.), Faculdade de Medicina de Marília, Marília, Sao Paulo 17519, Brazil; Di
| | - Oscar H Franco
- Department of Internal Medicine (L.C., M.M., R.P.P.), and Rotterdam Thyroid Center, Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology (L.C., M.A.I., A.D., A.H., M.L.P.P., O.H.F.), Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of General Internal Medicine (C.B., M.R.B., N.R.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; Departments of Epidemiology, Public Health, and Primary Care (W.P.J.d.E., J.G.), Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Radiology (M.A.I.), Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.A.I., M.L.P.P.), Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (T.-H.C.), University Hospital of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Internal Medicine (S.J.L.B., R.P.D.), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Medicine (C.D., C.W.), Division of Nephrology, University Hospital of Würzburg, Germany Comprehensive Heart Failure Centre, D-97080 Würzburg, Germany; Department of Public Health and Primary Care (R.N.L., K.-T.K.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, United Kingdom; National Council Research Institute of Clinical Physiology (G.I.), Pisa 56124, Italy; Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine (D.J.S.), and Robertson Centre for Biostatistics (I.F.), University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom; School of Population Health (A.B.), University of Western Australia, Crawley, Perth 6009, Western Australia, Australia; National Institute on Aging (L.F.), Baltimore, Maryland 20892; Department of Epidemiology (A.B.N.), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260; Division of Endocrinology (J.A.S.), Faculdade de Medicina de Marília, Marília, Sao Paulo 17519, Brazil; Di
| | - Jacobijn Gussekloo
- Department of Internal Medicine (L.C., M.M., R.P.P.), and Rotterdam Thyroid Center, Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology (L.C., M.A.I., A.D., A.H., M.L.P.P., O.H.F.), Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of General Internal Medicine (C.B., M.R.B., N.R.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; Departments of Epidemiology, Public Health, and Primary Care (W.P.J.d.E., J.G.), Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Radiology (M.A.I.), Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.A.I., M.L.P.P.), Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (T.-H.C.), University Hospital of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Internal Medicine (S.J.L.B., R.P.D.), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Medicine (C.D., C.W.), Division of Nephrology, University Hospital of Würzburg, Germany Comprehensive Heart Failure Centre, D-97080 Würzburg, Germany; Department of Public Health and Primary Care (R.N.L., K.-T.K.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, United Kingdom; National Council Research Institute of Clinical Physiology (G.I.), Pisa 56124, Italy; Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine (D.J.S.), and Robertson Centre for Biostatistics (I.F.), University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom; School of Population Health (A.B.), University of Western Australia, Crawley, Perth 6009, Western Australia, Australia; National Institute on Aging (L.F.), Baltimore, Maryland 20892; Department of Epidemiology (A.B.N.), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260; Division of Endocrinology (J.A.S.), Faculdade de Medicina de Marília, Marília, Sao Paulo 17519, Brazil; Di
| | - Nicolas Rodondi
- Department of Internal Medicine (L.C., M.M., R.P.P.), and Rotterdam Thyroid Center, Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology (L.C., M.A.I., A.D., A.H., M.L.P.P., O.H.F.), Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of General Internal Medicine (C.B., M.R.B., N.R.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; Departments of Epidemiology, Public Health, and Primary Care (W.P.J.d.E., J.G.), Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Radiology (M.A.I.), Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.A.I., M.L.P.P.), Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (T.-H.C.), University Hospital of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Internal Medicine (S.J.L.B., R.P.D.), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Medicine (C.D., C.W.), Division of Nephrology, University Hospital of Würzburg, Germany Comprehensive Heart Failure Centre, D-97080 Würzburg, Germany; Department of Public Health and Primary Care (R.N.L., K.-T.K.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, United Kingdom; National Council Research Institute of Clinical Physiology (G.I.), Pisa 56124, Italy; Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine (D.J.S.), and Robertson Centre for Biostatistics (I.F.), University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom; School of Population Health (A.B.), University of Western Australia, Crawley, Perth 6009, Western Australia, Australia; National Institute on Aging (L.F.), Baltimore, Maryland 20892; Department of Epidemiology (A.B.N.), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260; Division of Endocrinology (J.A.S.), Faculdade de Medicina de Marília, Marília, Sao Paulo 17519, Brazil; Di
| | - Robin P Peeters
- Department of Internal Medicine (L.C., M.M., R.P.P.), and Rotterdam Thyroid Center, Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology (L.C., M.A.I., A.D., A.H., M.L.P.P., O.H.F.), Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of General Internal Medicine (C.B., M.R.B., N.R.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; Departments of Epidemiology, Public Health, and Primary Care (W.P.J.d.E., J.G.), Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Radiology (M.A.I.), Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.A.I., M.L.P.P.), Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (T.-H.C.), University Hospital of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Internal Medicine (S.J.L.B., R.P.D.), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Medicine (C.D., C.W.), Division of Nephrology, University Hospital of Würzburg, Germany Comprehensive Heart Failure Centre, D-97080 Würzburg, Germany; Department of Public Health and Primary Care (R.N.L., K.-T.K.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, United Kingdom; National Council Research Institute of Clinical Physiology (G.I.), Pisa 56124, Italy; Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine (D.J.S.), and Robertson Centre for Biostatistics (I.F.), University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom; School of Population Health (A.B.), University of Western Australia, Crawley, Perth 6009, Western Australia, Australia; National Institute on Aging (L.F.), Baltimore, Maryland 20892; Department of Epidemiology (A.B.N.), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260; Division of Endocrinology (J.A.S.), Faculdade de Medicina de Marília, Marília, Sao Paulo 17519, Brazil; Di
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