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Sharma A, Jorvekar SB, Bhowmik S, Mohapatra P, Borkar RM. Comprehensive assessment of per and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) contamination in groundwater of Kamrup, Assam, India: occurrence, health risks, and metabolomic insights. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2024; 26:1601-1617. [PMID: 39099548 DOI: 10.1039/d4em00159a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
Per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are synthetic chemicals that are known for their environmental persistence and adverse health effects. This study comprehensively assessed PFAS contamination in the Kamrup region of Assam, India, focusing on its presence in groundwater and associated health risks. The analysis detected 12 PFAS in groundwater samples from both the Kamrup Metro and Rural regions. In Kamrup Rural, Perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) were prevalent, whereas in Kamrup Metro, PFNA and PFOS were dominant, based on detection frequencies. These findings are noteworthy, as they demonstrate the widespread presence of PFAS in groundwater, a vital source of drinking water in the region. The assessment of PFAS health risks in India involved hazard quotient calculations for different age groups. Perfluorobutanesulfonic acid (PFBS) posed the highest risk, ranking children > boys > men > girls > women. Overall, ∑PFAS had low hazard (HQ: 0.27-0.41). Further, this study assessed PFBS and PFOS toxicity in human kidney epithelial cell lines (HEK293T) cells, revealing that PFBS was more cytotoxic than PFOS. The study examined the metabolomics of HEK293T cells after PFBS exposure, revealing significant alterations in lipid metabolism, particularly glycerophospholipids, potentially affecting cellular function and health. These findings underscore the importance of monitoring PFAS contamination in drinking water sources, especially in regions such as Kamrup, where groundwater is a primary source. Our metabolomics results show significant health effects at the cellular level, raising concerns about the impact of PFAS exposure on human health. This study highlights PFAS contamination in Kamrup, Assam's groundwater and its health risks, providing valuable insights for policymakers and public health management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, Changsari, 781101, India.
| | - Sachin B Jorvekar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, Changsari, 781101, India.
| | - Sujoy Bhowmik
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, Changsari, 781101, India
| | - Purusottam Mohapatra
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, Changsari, 781101, India
| | - Roshan M Borkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, Changsari, 781101, India.
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Wang Y, Yin X, Kang S, Tong Y, Wang X, de Foy B, Schauer JJ, Zhang G, Wu K, Zhang Q. Atmospheric mercury species at Nam Co (4730 m a.s.l.), a highland background site in the inland Tibetan Plateau: implications of mercury potential sources. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:56363-56376. [PMID: 39271610 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-34879-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024]
Abstract
A field survey was conducted in the central Tibetan Plateau (Nam Co) in China for high-time resolution measurements of gaseous elemental mercury (GEM), gaseous oxidized mercury (GOM), and particle-bound mercury (PBM). Average concentrations (± 1 SD) of GEM, PBM, and GOM from November 2014 to March 2015 were 1.11 ± 0.20 ng m-3, 50.8 ± 26.5 pg m-3, and 3.6 ± 3.2 pg m-3, respectively. During the monitoring period, both GEM and GOM exhibited relative stability in their monthly variations, whereas PBM concentrations were significantly higher in winter compared to those in later autumn and early spring. In terms of diurnal variations, the maximum concentration of GEM was typically observed after sunrise, while PBM reached its peak before sunrise, and the highest concentration of GOM was recorded in the afternoon. Vertical convection conditions, photochemical production, and gas-particle partitioning were responsible for the diurnal cycle of atmospheric mercury. Based on modeling results, it was determined that the air mass transported from South Asia significantly impacted atmospheric mercury levels at Nam Co Station. The regions of western and central Nepal, central and eastern Pakistan, and northern India were identified as potential sources of atmospheric mercury at Nam Co.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Wang
- Institute of International Rivers and Transboundary Eco-Security, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China
- Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science and Frozen Soil Engineering, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Xiufeng Yin
- Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science and Frozen Soil Engineering, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Shichang Kang
- Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science and Frozen Soil Engineering, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yindong Tong
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Xuejun Wang
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Benjamin de Foy
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, 63108, USA
| | - James J Schauer
- Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53718, USA
| | - Guoshuai Zhang
- Chinese Academy of Environmental Planning, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Kunpeng Wu
- Institute of International Rivers and Transboundary Eco-Security, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China
| | - Qianggong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Environment and Resources (TPESER), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
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Pal S, Singh SK, Singh P, Pal S, Kashiwar SR. Spatial pattern of groundwater arsenic contamination in Patna, Saran, and Vaishali districts of Gangetic plains of Bihar, India. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:54163-54177. [PMID: 36622595 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-25105-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Groundwater is an essential source of drinking as well as irrigation water. It has recently become a significant challenge to maintain good and safe drinking water for all living beings. The continuous supply of arsenic detected in groundwater poses a severe health problem and has adverse effects on humans and the ecosystem. Researchers also identified arsenic contamination globally across various regions. However, a few studies also identified that the groundwater of Patna, Saran, and Vaishali districts of Bihar is intoxicated by arsenic. To assess the toxic level of arsenic in groundwater, samples from various GPS-based pointed locations were collected from the study area using a GARMIN GPS device. The total concentration of arsenic in drinking water (mostly traces of arsenic, level of μg L-1 or less) can be detected only by sophisticated analytical techniques such as ICP-MS, GF-AAS, and HG-AAS. The standard procedures were followed to determine quality attributes in groundwater. Arsenic contamination persists in most areas and exceeds the permissible limits prescribed by the World Health Organization (WHO), negatively impacting the health of more than 10 million people in the state. The 90.47% and 85.71% groundwater samples of the study area exceeded the permissible limit of the WHO (0.01 mg L-1) and Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS (0.05 mg L-1), respectively. The analyzed data was obtained, and variability was noticed in total arsenic concentrations ranging from 0.002 to 7.801 mg L-1, with a mean value of 0.87 mg L-1. Similarly, the water quality attribute like total dissolved solids were identified in 14.28% of samples, which crossed 201 to 1026 mg L-1, with a mean value of 375.33 mg L-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhajit Pal
- Department of Agriculture Chemistry and Soil Science, BCKV, Mohanpur, West Bengal, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar Singh
- Department of Soil Science, Tirhut College of Agriculture, Dholi, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa, Samastipur, Bihar, India.
| | - Pankaj Singh
- Department of Soil Science, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa, Samastipur, Bihar, India
| | - Sukanta Pal
- Department of Agronomy, BCKV, Mohanpur, West Bengal, India
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Li Y, Xiang K, Qu G, Li R. Preparation of ionic liquid modified graphene composites and their adsorption mechanism of arsenic (V) in aqueous solution. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:16401-16412. [PMID: 38311685 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-31830-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Graphene (GR) is a new type of carbon-based material that combines many excellent properties. In order to give full play to the excellent properties of graphene and expand its application scope, this study used ionic liquid SbF6 to modify it and successfully prepared ionic liquid modified graphene composites (H/GR), and studied its adsorption mechanism of arsenic in aqueous solution. By investigating the effects of reaction temperature, reaction time, pH, adsorbent (H/GR) dosage, and humic acid concentration on the removal rate of arsenic in aqueous solution, the experimental results showed that when the reaction temperature was 30 °C, reaction time was 1 h, pH was 6, H/GR dosage was 0.1g·L-1, and humic acid (HA) concentration was 10 mg·L-1, the best arsenic removal effect was achieved with a maximum. The removal rate was 99.4%. The equilibrium adsorption capacity was well modeled by the Langmuir, Freundlich, and Tenkin models at 30 °C. The Langmuir adsorption isotherm was the most consistent, with a calculated maximum value of 137.95 mg·g-1, which is higher than most adsorbents in the field. In addition, it was determined that the graphene surface was indeed immobilized with the ionic liquid [Hmim]SbF6 by SEM mapping and EDS energy spectroscopy observation, and the adsorption isotherms and pore size distribution maps of graphene before and after the loading of the ionic liquid were analyzed by BET, which further confirmed a significant increase in the microporosity and porosity of the modified H/GR, and furthermore, it was demonstrated that the arsenic ions are chemically bonded with and indeed adsorbed on the surface of the H/GR by FT-IR and XPS characterization analyses. The results of all experimental data studies indicate that the main mechanism of As(V) removal from water by H/GR is due to electrostatic adsorption, ion exchange, and complexation between the modified graphene itself and the ionic liquid [Hmim]SbF6 itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingli Li
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, No. 727, Jingming South Road, Chenggong District, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
- National Regional Engineering Research Center-NCW, Yunnan, 650500, China
| | - Keyi Xiang
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, No. 727, Jingming South Road, Chenggong District, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
- National Regional Engineering Research Center-NCW, Yunnan, 650500, China
| | - Guangfei Qu
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, No. 727, Jingming South Road, Chenggong District, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China.
- National Regional Engineering Research Center-NCW, Yunnan, 650500, China.
| | - Rui Li
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, No. 727, Jingming South Road, Chenggong District, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
- National Regional Engineering Research Center-NCW, Yunnan, 650500, China
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Aradhi KK, Dasari BM, Banothu D, Manavalan S. Spatial distribution, sources and health risk assessment of heavy metals in topsoil around oil and natural gas drilling sites, Andhra Pradesh, India. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10614. [PMID: 37391457 PMCID: PMC10313719 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36580-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Soils are usually the interface between human activity and environmental components that must be conserved and protected. As a result of rising industrialization and urbanization, activities such as exploration and extraction operations lead to the release of heavy metals into the environment. This study presents distribution of six heavy metals (As, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn) in 139 top soil samples collected in and around oil and natural gas drilling sites at a sampling density of 1 site/12 km2. The results indicated the concentration ranged from 0.1 to 16 mg/kg for As, 3-707 mg/kg for Cr, 7-2324 mg/kg for Cu, 14-234 mg/kg for Ni, 9-1664 mg/kg for Pb, and 60-962 mg/kg for Zn. The contamination of soil was estimated on the basis of Index of geo accumulation (Igeo), enrichment factor (Ef), and contamination factor (Cf). Further, spatial distribution pattern maps indicated that the pollution levels for Cu, Cr, Zn, and Ni were higher around drilling sites of the study area relative to other regions. Using exposure factors for the local population and references from the USEPA's integrated database, potential ecological risk indices (PERI) and health risk assessments were made. The hazard index (HI) values of Pb (in adults) and Cr, Pb (in children) exceeded the recommended limit of HI = 1, indicating the non-carcinogenic risks. Total carcinogenic risk (TCR) calculations revealed Cr (in adults) and As, Cr (in children) levels in soils exceeded the threshold value of 1.0E - 04, indicating significant carcinogenic risk due to high metal concentrations in the study area. These results may assist in determining the soil's present state and its effect due to extraction strategies used during drilling process and initiate few remedial techniques, particularly for proper management strategies in farming activities to decrease point and non-point source of contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keshav Krishna Aradhi
- CSIR-National Geophysical Research Institute (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research), Habsiguda, Hyderabad, 500007, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
| | - Babu Mallesh Dasari
- CSIR-National Geophysical Research Institute (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research), Habsiguda, Hyderabad, 500007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Dasaram Banothu
- CSIR-National Geophysical Research Institute (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research), Habsiguda, Hyderabad, 500007, India
| | - Satyanarayanan Manavalan
- CSIR-National Geophysical Research Institute (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research), Habsiguda, Hyderabad, 500007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
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Sumdang N, Chotpantarat S, Cho KH, Thanh NN. The risk assessment of arsenic contamination in the urbanized coastal aquifer of Rayong groundwater basin, Thailand using the machine learning approach. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 253:114665. [PMID: 36863158 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The rapid expansion of urbanization has resulted in an insufficient of groundwater resource. In order to use groundwater more efficiently, a risk assessment of groundwater pollution should be proposed. The present study used machine learning with three algorithms consisting of Random Forest (RF), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) to locate risk areas of arsenic contamination in Rayong coastal aquifers, Thailand and selected the suitable model based on model performance and uncertainty for risk assessment. The parameters of 653 groundwater wells (Deep=236, Shallow=417) were selected based on the correlation of each hydrochemical parameters with arsenic concentration in deep and shallow aquifer environments. The models were validated with arsenic concentration collected from 27 well data in the field. The model's performance indicated that the RF algorithm has the highest performance as compared to those of SVM and ANN in both deep and shallow aquifers (Deep: AUC=0.72, Recall=0.61, F1 =0.69; Shallow: AUC=0.81, Recall=0.79, F1 =0.68). In addition, the uncertainty from the quantile regression of each model confirmed that the RF algorithm has the lowest uncertainty (Deep: PICP=0.20; Shallow: PICP=0.34). The result of the risk map obtained from the RF reveals that the deep aquifer, in the northern part of the Rayong basin has a higher risk for people to expose to As. In contrast, the shallow aquifer revealed that the southern part of the basin has a higher risk, which is also supported by the location of the landfill and industrial estates in the area. Therefore, health surveillance is important in monitoring the toxic effects on the residents who use groundwater from these contaminated wells. The outcome of this study can help policymakers in regions to manage the quality of groundwater resources and enhance the sustainable use of groundwater resources. The novelty process of this research can be used to further study other groundwater aquifers contaminated and increase the effectiveness of groundwater quality management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narongpon Sumdang
- International Postgraduate Program in Hazardous Substance and Environmental Management, Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Srilert Chotpantarat
- Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Environmental Innovation and Management of Metals (EnvIMM), Chulalongkorn University, Phayathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
| | - Kyung Hwa Cho
- Department of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, 50, UNIST-gil, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Nguyen Ngoc Thanh
- University of Agriculture and Forestry, Hue University, 102 Phung Hung Str, Hue City, Viet Nam
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Goswami R, Neog N, Bhagat C, Hdeib R, Mahlknecht J, Kumar M. Arsenic in the groundwater of the Upper Brahmaputra floodplain: Variability, health risks and potential impacts. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 306:135621. [PMID: 35810873 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The upper Brahmaputra floodplain (UBF) is highly enriched with geogenic contaminants, mostly the Arsenic (As), owing to its sensitive geomorphology, aquifer groundwater (GW) dynamics, huge sediment deposition along with natural and anthropogenic disturbance significantly accelerate the As leaching rate into the groundwater, leading to an increase the health risk. Concerning the above active processes in the Lakhimpur district of UBF, current work aims to investigate seasonal dynamics of As contamination and associated health hazard for local community. To carry out this study, 51 GW samples analyzed which reveal the seasonal variation in As concentrations with the minimum average concentration in the monsoon season (4.7 μg.L-1) and the maximum in the post-monsoon season (18.5 μg.L-1) with 50% of the samples exceeding permissible limits. The differences in the local geological conditions and the GW flow may contribute to the spatial variations in mean As concentration in the study area. Also, the active GW recharge process identified in post-monsoon season accelerates the As leaching in the area's aquifers. Further, results indicate higher As levels associated with a pH range of 6-7 favours As desorption from minerals under reducing conditions. The hazard index indicates that the children population has high carcinogenic risk compared to adult populations. Furthermore, the study highlights the social risk potential arising from public health crises due to As exposure. Overall, results indicate high As concentrations in region with moderate seasonal variability and demand a dire attention for long-term monitoring to provide sustainable water resources to safeguard the people at risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritusmita Goswami
- Centre for Ecology Environment and Sustainable Development, Tata Institute of Social Sciences, Guwahati, 781013, Assam, India
| | - Nikita Neog
- Centre for Ecology Environment and Sustainable Development, Tata Institute of Social Sciences, Guwahati, 781013, Assam, India
| | - Chandrashekhar Bhagat
- Civil Engineering Discipline, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382355, India; Sustainability Cluster, School of Engineering, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, 248007, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Rouya Hdeib
- College of Engineering, Applied Science University (ASU), Bahrain
| | - Jürgen Mahlknecht
- Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Monterey, Monterrey, 64849, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | - Manish Kumar
- Sustainability Cluster, School of Engineering, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, 248007, Uttarakhand, India.
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Dutta S, Barman R, Radhapyari K, Datta S, Lale K, Ray B, Chakraborty T, Srivastava SK. Potentially toxic elements in groundwater of the upper Brahmaputra floodplains of Assam, India: water quality and health risk. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2022; 194:923. [PMID: 36258132 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-10637-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents the groundwater quality assessment of the upper Brahmaputra floodplains of Assam on a seasonal basis. A total of 88 samples were analyzed for the presence of potentially toxic elements in two seasons. In addition, an attempt is made to identify any possible associated health risks to the residents via the drinking water pathway. The study reveals the presence of various potentially toxic elements, in particular, manganese, iron, nickel, and fluoride concentration exceeding the drinking water specifications set by BIS and WHO drinking water standards. The degree of groundwater contamination was assessed using the Water Quality Index, Heavy metal Pollution Index, Heavy metal Evaluation Index, and Degree of Contamination. The spatial distribution maps of groundwater quality were prepared using geographical information system. The non-carcinogenic health risk was evaluated using hazard quotients and hazard index as per the United States Environmental Protection Agency methodology. The hazard quotient of fluoride and manganese have values > 1, which exceeds USEPA recommended benchmark. The health risk assessment identified that the risk was highest during the pre-monsoon season, and the child population is more vulnerable to non-carcinogenic risk than the adults. Findings of cancer risk identified that pre-monsoon groundwater samples from the Golaghat District pose the highest health risks in the upper Brahmaputra floodplains. The risk is highest in the southwest of the study area, followed by the south and then by the north.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snigdha Dutta
- Central Ground Water Board, North Eastern Region, Guwahati, 781035, Assam, India
| | - Rinkumoni Barman
- Central Ground Water Board, North Eastern Region, Guwahati, 781035, Assam, India
| | - Keisham Radhapyari
- Central Ground Water Board, North Eastern Region, Guwahati, 781035, Assam, India.
| | - Suparna Datta
- Central Ground Water Board, Eastern Region, Kolkata, 700091, West Bengal, India
| | - Kiran Lale
- Central Ground Water Board, North Western Region, Chandigarh, 160019, India
| | - Biplab Ray
- Central Ground Water Board, North Eastern Region, Guwahati, 781035, Assam, India
| | - Tapan Chakraborty
- Central Ground Water Board, State Unit Office, Shillong, 793001, Meghalaya, India
- Central Ground Water Board, Central Head Quarters, Faridabad, 121001, Haryana, India
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Goswami R, Neog N, Thakur R. Hydrogeochemical analysis of groundwater quality for drinking and irrigation with elevated arsenic and potential impact on agro-ecosystem in the upper Brahmaputra plain, India. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:68735-68756. [PMID: 35551594 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20600-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The upper Brahmaputra floodplain is considerably enriched with geogenic contaminants, mainly Arsenic (As) exhibiting high spatial heterogeneity. With this concern, the present study was conducted in Lakhimpur district located in the upper Brahmaputra floodplain aiming to assess the groundwater (GW) suitability for drinking and irrigation. Chemical analysis of 78 GW samples revealed significantly high As (max 0.12 mgL-1, mean 0.02 mgL-1) followed by iron (max 62.2 mgL-1, mean 19.94 mgL-1) showing uneven distribution. Hydrogeochemical analysis of the GW samples revealed that majority of the water samples belong to mixed Ca2+- Na+- HCO3- type with weathering and forward ion exchange as the dominant processes in the aquifer system. Positive correlation among iron (Fe) and As, together with close grouping in hierarchical cluster analysis and principal components analysis, indicated the involvement of reductive hydrolysis process. Calculation of saturation indices indicated that, precipitation of Fe minerals may lead to de-coupling of Fe and As contributing to the enrichment of both the elements in the GW. Further, assessment of key parameters for irrigation water quality including water quality index indicated the GW to be suitable for irrigation purpose. Finally, toxicity implications of crops produced from As contaminated water indicated higher accumulation potential of As in the food grains implying significant impacts on the agro-ecosystem and associated health hazards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritusmita Goswami
- Centre for Ecology, Environment and Sustainable Development, Tata Institute of Social Sciences, Guwahati, 781013, India.
| | - Nikita Neog
- Centre for Ecology, Environment and Sustainable Development, Tata Institute of Social Sciences, Guwahati, 781013, India
| | - Ritu Thakur
- North Eastern Regional Institute of Water and Land Management, Tezpur, 784027, India
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Nath B, Chowdhury R, Ni‐Meister W, Mahanta C. Predicting the Distribution of Arsenic in Groundwater by a Geospatial Machine Learning Technique in the Two Most Affected Districts of Assam, India: The Public Health Implications. GEOHEALTH 2022; 6:e2021GH000585. [PMID: 35340282 PMCID: PMC8934026 DOI: 10.1029/2021gh000585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) is a well-known carcinogen and chemical contaminant in groundwater. The spatial heterogeneity in As distribution in groundwater makes it difficult to predict the location of safe areas for tube well installations, consumption, and agriculture. Geospatial machine learning techniques have been used to predict the location of safe and unsafe areas of groundwater As. We used a similar machine learning technique and developed a habitation-level (spatial resolution 250 m) predictive model to determine the risk and extent of As >10 μg/L in groundwater in the two most affected districts of Assam, India, with an aim to advise policymakers on targeted interventions. A random forest model was employed in Python environments to predict the probabilities of As at concentrations >10 μg/L using intrinsic and extrinsic predictor variables, which were selected for their inherent relationship with As occurrence in groundwater. The relationships between predictor variables and proportions of As occurrences >10 μg/L follow the well-documented processes leading to As release in groundwater. We identified potential As hotspots based on a probability of ≥0.7 for As >10 μg/L, including regions not previously surveyed and extending beyond previously known As hotspots. Of the total land area (6,500 km2), 25% was identified as a high-risk zone, with an estimated 155,000 people potentially consuming As through drinking water or cooking food. The ternary hazard probability map (showing high, moderate, and low risk for As >10 μg/L) could inform policymakers on establishing newer drinking water treatment plants and providing safe drinking water connections to rural households.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bibhash Nath
- Department of Geography and Environmental ScienceHunter College of City University of New YorkNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Runti Chowdhury
- Department of Geological SciencesGauhati UniversityGuwahatiIndia
| | - Wenge Ni‐Meister
- Department of Geography and Environmental ScienceHunter College of City University of New YorkNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Chandan Mahanta
- Department of Civil EngineeringIndian Institute of Technology GuwahatiGuwahatiIndia
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Facile preparation of iron oxyhydroxide–biopolymer (Chitosan/Alginate) beads and their comparative insights into arsenic removal. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.118983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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12
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Kalita PJ, Gogoi C, Bhattacharyya SM, Goswamee RL. Hydro chemical Assessment of Ground Water in North-Eastern Region of India: A Case Study of Western Suburb of Jorhat Town of Assam, India. CURRENT RESEARCH IN NUTRITION AND FOOD SCIENCE JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.12944/cwe.16.1.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
In the current study, the quality of ground water (GW) from an area of western part of Jorhat district of Assam (India) was assessed in order to ensure the safety of its use in irrigation and drinking purposes. The physico-chemical parameters of the collected GW samples were evaluated and compared the data with the Indian Standards (IS) for drinking purposes. The investigation was mainly emphasised on the evaluation of Water Quality Index (WQI) and different parameters for the quality measurement of water for drinking and irrigation purposes, respectively. Correlations among the physico-chemical parameters were evaluated through statistical analysis. The physico-chemical parameters revealed that almost all the parameters except iron were within the permissible limit. Arsenic was found to be present in few water samples in both seasons (pre and post monsoon). In both the seasons, the WQI of the majority of collected water samples were observed to be falling under the poor category for drinking. Almost all the collected water samples were found to be fit for irrigation purposes. However, based on sodium percentage (Na %), Kelly’s ratio (KR), and Magnesium ratio (MR), few of the water samples are classified to be doubtful and inappropriate for irrigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paran Jyoti Kalita
- 1Advanced Materials Group, Materials Science and amp; Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and amp; Technology, Jorhat, Assam, India . 2Department of Chemistry, Gauhati University, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Champa Gogoi
- 1Advanced Materials Group, Materials Science and amp; Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and amp; Technology, Jorhat, Assam, India ., 3Department of Chemistry, CNB College, Bokakhat, Golaghat, Assam, India
| | - Sausthov Maunash Bhattacharyya
- 4Geo Sciences and amp; Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and amp; Technology, Jorhat, Assam, India
| | - Rajib Lochan Goswamee
- 1Advanced Materials Group, Materials Science and amp; Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and amp; Technology, Jorhat, Assam, India
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Baruah SG, Ahmed I, Das B, Ingtipi B, Boruah H, Gupta SK, Nema AK, Chabukdhara M. Heavy metal(loid)s contamination and health risk assessment of soil-rice system in rural and peri-urban areas of lower brahmaputra valley, northeast India. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 266:129150. [PMID: 33310523 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The soil-rice system in rural and peri-urban areas of the lower Brahmaputra valley, northeast India was investigated for heavy metal(loid)s using Nemerow's pollution index (PIN) and potential ecological risk index (RI). Potential health risk due to rice consumption grown in the region was assessed in terms of carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks. Around 95% of the soil showed acidic nature that ranged from weakly acidic to strongly acidic soil. In terms of PIN, 27.3% of the sampling sites were heavily polluted (PIN≥3), 34.8% moderately, and 37.9% were slightly polluted. The Pb concentration was comparably higher in 57.1% of the rice grain samples and the mean As level (0.17 mg kg-1) was close to the WHO limit. The non-carcinogenic risk in terms of hazard quotient (HQ) was high primarily due to As (HQ > 1), whereas other metals had limited contribution (HQ < 1). The carcinogenic risk based on total cancer risk (TCR) values for adults and children ranged between 0.0039 - 0.019 and 0.0043-0.0211, respectively, exceeding the maximum acceptable level of 1 × 10-4. Among the rice varieties, for non-carcinogenic risks, the maximum hazard index (HI) was noticed for Bahadur and the minimum for Ranjit. Whereas for carcinogenic risks, the maximum TCR was observed for Mahsuri and the minimum for Moynagiri.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunitee Gohain Baruah
- Department of Environmental Biology and Wildlife Sciences, Cotton University, Panbazar, Guwahati, Assam, 781001, India
| | - Imdadul Ahmed
- Department of Environmental Biology and Wildlife Sciences, Cotton University, Panbazar, Guwahati, Assam, 781001, India
| | - Banashree Das
- Department of Environmental Biology and Wildlife Sciences, Cotton University, Panbazar, Guwahati, Assam, 781001, India
| | - Bhomtalika Ingtipi
- Department of Environmental Biology and Wildlife Sciences, Cotton University, Panbazar, Guwahati, Assam, 781001, India
| | - Himangshu Boruah
- Department of Environmental Biology and Wildlife Sciences, Cotton University, Panbazar, Guwahati, Assam, 781001, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar Gupta
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110 016, India
| | - Arvind K Nema
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110 016, India
| | - Mayuri Chabukdhara
- Department of Environmental Biology and Wildlife Sciences, Cotton University, Panbazar, Guwahati, Assam, 781001, India.
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Pandey D, Singh A, Ramanathan A, Kumar M. The combined exposure of microplastics and toxic contaminants in the floodplains of north India: A review. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 279:111557. [PMID: 33223351 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics in aquatic ecosystem are an emerging environmental threat, primarily aggregating into sediments and living biota besides providing active transportation to toxic pollutants. Recent studies have revealed that a microplastic surface cannot be considered as "inert" and therefore the rate and stage of degradation of microplastic will determine its capability in adsorbing and transporting the solute to longer distances. Our concern is driven by the fact that there has been an absence of widescale research in India despite a country with one of the longest networks of rivers and a 7500 km long active coastline. Anthropogenic pollutants are expected to increase and the situation will further worsen when more persistent organic pollutants (POCs) and geogenic contaminants will find its sink via monsoon runoff. Studies on aquatic species including COD, daphnia magna and zebrafish suggest strong links of bio-accumulation, suspecting to a more serious situation for the coastal India where there is an almost three times increase in the density of the microplastics as the monsoon progresses. Evidences also suggests that microplastics can adsorb known carcinogens as well as endocrine disrupting chemicals leaving our aquatic life exposed to higher mortality. Our review is a first ever scientific attempt in compiling these evidences through researches done in this field to understand the risk that the major floodplains of North India are currently facing. We have adapted the theories and inferences of the available research to predict and postulate a probable mechanism that could explain the severity of the situation in India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deeptija Pandey
- Discipline of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Gandhinagar, 382355, India
| | - Ashwin Singh
- Discipline of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Gandhinagar, 382355, India
| | - Alagappan Ramanathan
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Manish Kumar
- Discipline of Earth Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, Gandhinagar, 382355, India.
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15
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Coomar P, Mukherjee A, Bhattacharya P, Bundschuh J, Verma S, Fryar AE, Ramos Ramos OE, Muñoz MO, Gupta S, Mahanta C, Quino I, Thunvik R. Contrasting controls on hydrogeochemistry of arsenic-enriched groundwater in the homologous tectonic settings of Andean and Himalayan basin aquifers, Latin America and South Asia. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 689:1370-1387. [PMID: 31466173 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
High groundwater arsenic (As) across the globe has been one of the most well researched environmental concerns during the last two decades. Consequently, a large scientific knowledge-base has been developed on As distributions from local to global scales. However, differences in bulk sediment As concentrations cannot account for the As concentration variability in groundwater. Instead, in general, only aquifers in sedimentary basins adjacent to mountain chains (orogenic foreland basins) along continental convergent tectonic margins are found to be As-enriched. We illustrate this association by integrating observations from long-term studies of two of the largest orogenic systems (i.e., As sources) and the aquifers in their associated foreland basins (As sinks), which are located in opposite hemispheres and experience distinct differences in climate and land-use patterns. The Andean orogenic system of South America (AB), an active continental margin, is in principle a modern analogue of the Himalayan orogenic system associated with the Indus-Ganges-Brahmaputra river systems in South Asia (HB). In general, the differences in hydrogeochemistry between AB and HB groundwaters are conspicuous. Major-solute composition of the arid, oxic AB groundwater exhibits a mixed-ion hydrochemical facies dominated by Na-Ca-Cl-SO4-HCO3. Molar calculations and thermodynamic modeling show that although groundwater of AB is influenced by cation exchange, its hydrochemical evolution is predominated by feldspar dissolution and relationships with secondary clays. In contrast, humid, strongly reducing groundwater of HB is dominated by Ca-HCO3 facies, suggestive of calcite dissolution, along with some weathering of silicates (monosiallitization). This work demonstrates that although hydrogeochemical evolutionary trends may vary with local climate and lithology, the fundamental similarities in global tectonic settings can still lead to the elevated concentrations of groundwater As.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poulomee Coomar
- Department of Geology and Geophysics, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India
| | - Abhijit Mukherjee
- Department of Geology and Geophysics, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India.
| | - Prosun Bhattacharya
- KTH-International Groundwater Arsenic Research Group, Department of Sustainable Development, Environmental Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 10B, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jochen Bundschuh
- School of Civil Engineering & Surveying & International Centre for Applied Climate Sciences, University of Southern Queensland (USQ), Toowoomba, QLD 4350, Australia
| | - Swati Verma
- Department of Geology and Geophysics, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India; CSIR-National Geophysical Research Institute (NGRI), Hyderabad, Telangana 500007, India
| | - Alan E Fryar
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506-0053, USA
| | - Oswaldo E Ramos Ramos
- KTH-International Groundwater Arsenic Research Group, Department of Sustainable Development, Environmental Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 10B, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden; Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, 303 La Paz, Bolivia
| | - Mauricio Ormachea Muñoz
- KTH-International Groundwater Arsenic Research Group, Department of Sustainable Development, Environmental Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 10B, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden; Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, 303 La Paz, Bolivia
| | - Saibal Gupta
- Department of Geology and Geophysics, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India
| | - Chandan Mahanta
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
| | - Israel Quino
- KTH-International Groundwater Arsenic Research Group, Department of Sustainable Development, Environmental Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 10B, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden; Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, 303 La Paz, Bolivia
| | - Roger Thunvik
- KTH-International Groundwater Arsenic Research Group, Department of Sustainable Development, Environmental Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 10B, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
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16
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Sathe SS, Mahanta C. Groundwater flow and arsenic contamination transport modeling for a multi aquifer terrain: Assessment and mitigation strategies. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 231:166-181. [PMID: 30342329 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.08.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic contaminated shallow aquifers evaluation, mitigation, and management strategies are the challenging task to all the hydrologist and provide a safe drinking water demand in the Holocene age, alluvial aquifers. To manage and mitigate such problems, we used numerical groundwater modeling software (GMS 10.2), for the development of 3D transient state predictive (groundwater flow and contaminant transport) conceptual model for two topographically different arsenic contaminated regions. The models were built by using the measured hydro-geological data, empirical values, and equations. Groundwater flow calibration, sensitivity analyses, and validation were performed for each soil parameters, varying boundary conditions and for alternate meteorological scenarios. The MODFLOW results suggested that, the distribution of As contaminant was directly controlled by the complex hydrostratigraphy, surface water bodies and indirectly controlled by the change in meteorological conditions. The MT3DMS model, for As contaminant transport, used for the assessment of shallow and deeper aquifers. The results showed that the downward movement of As has made the deeper aquifer unsafe for drinking water and irrigation purposes. However, the aquifers and regions with high flushing capability, negligible vertical hydraulic conductivity can be delineated as As safe groundwater source, irrespective of their sediment color. Therefore, for the geogenic source of As, both the simulation results inferred that to estimate and mitigate As contaminant groundwater aquifers or regions, the numerical modeling solution is a technically viable means an effective decision-making tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandip S Sathe
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India.
| | - Chandan Mahanta
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
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17
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Choudhury R, Nath B, Khan MR, Mahanta C, Ellis T, van Geen A. The Impact of Aquifer Flushing on Groundwater Arsenic Across a 35-km Transect Perpendicular to the Upper Brahmaputra River in Assam, India. WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH 2018; 54:8160-8173. [PMID: 30906078 PMCID: PMC6424526 DOI: 10.1029/2017wr022485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Well testing in the floodplain of the Brahmaputra River in Golaghat and Jorhat districts of Assam, India, shows that groundwater arsenic (As) concentrations increase with distance from the river. To establish the origin of this pattern, an additional 900 wells <60 m deep were tested for As and 9 sites were drilled along a 35-km transect perpendicular to the river. The field data show no relation between groundwater As concentrations ranging from <1 to 660 μg/L along the transect and (a) As concentrations of <1-5 mg/kg in cuttings of aquifer sand recovered while drilling or (b) the degree of reduction of iron oxides in these cuttings. The drilling indicates, however, a marked increase in the thickness of a clay layer capping the aquifer starting from <1-5 m near the river to over 60 m at the most distant site towards the base of the Naga foothills. Organic radiocarbon ages of 18-46 kyr obtained from all but one of 13 clay samples indicate pre-Holocene deposition of the underlying sands across the entire transect. Radiocarbon ages of dissolved inorganic carbon of 0.2, 4.7, and 17.8 kyr were measured in groundwater from 3 monitoring wells installed to 30-60 m depth at distances of 10, 20, and 40 km from the river, respectively. A conceptual groundwater flow model consistent with monitored heads and groundwater ages suggests that thick clay layers capping the aquifer further from the river inhibited flushing of the aquifer and, as a result, preserved higher As levels in groundwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Choudhury
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
- Now at Department of Geological Sciences, Gauhati University, Gauhati 781014, Assam, India
| | - B Nath
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, NY 10964, USA
| | - M R Khan
- Department of Geology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - C Mahanta
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | - T Ellis
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, NY 10964, USA
| | - A van Geen
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, NY 10964, USA
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18
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Das S, Barooah M. Characterization of siderophore producing arsenic-resistant Staphylococcus sp. strain TA6 isolated from contaminated groundwater of Jorhat, Assam and its possible role in arsenic geocycle. BMC Microbiol 2018; 18:104. [PMID: 30180796 PMCID: PMC6122220 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-018-1240-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Microorganisms specifically bacteria play a crucial role in arsenic mobilization and its distribution in aquatic systems. Although bacteria are well known for their active participation in the different biogeochemical cycles, the role of these bacteria in regulating the concentration of arsenic in Brahmaputra valley has not been investigated in detail. Results In this paper, we report the isolation of an arsenic resistant bacterium TA6 which can efficiently reduce arsenate. The isolate identified as Staphylococcus sp. TA6 based on the molecular and chemotaxonomic identification (FAME) showed resistance to the high concentration of both arsenate and arsenite (As(III) = 30 mM; As(V) = 250 mM), along with cross-tolerance to other heavy metals viz., Hg2+, Cd2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Cr2+. The bacterium also had a high siderophore activity (78.7 ± 0.004 μmol) that positively correlated with its ability to resist arsenic. The isolate, Staphylococcus sp. TA6 displayed high bio-transformation ability and reduced 2 mM As(V) initially added into As(III) in a period of 72 h with 88.2% efficiency. The characterization of arsenate reductase enzyme with NADPH coupled assay showed the highest activity at pH 5.5 and temperature of 50 °C. Conclusions This study demonstrates the role of an isolate, Staphylococcus sp. TA6, in the biotransformation of arsenate to arsenite. The presence of ars operon along with the high activity of the arsenate reductase and siderophore production in this isolate may have played an important role in mobilizing arsenate to arsenite and thus increasing the toxicity of arsenic in the aquatic systems of the Brahmaputra valley. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12866-018-1240-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurav Das
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat, Assam, 785013, India.,Present Address: Panhandle Research and Extension Centre, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Scottsbluff, Nebraska, 69361, USA
| | - Madhumita Barooah
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat, Assam, 785013, India.
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Jain CK, Sharma SK, Singh S. Physico-chemical characteristics and hydrogeological mechanisms in groundwater with special reference to arsenic contamination in Barpeta District, Assam (India). ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2018; 190:417. [PMID: 29926193 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-018-6781-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Deterioration in the groundwater quality is prevalent in many parts of the eastern and north-eastern India; however, little attention has been paid for its assessment. In order to evaluate the groundwater suitability in the north-eastern region of India, this study was carried out in Barpeta District of Assam. The groundwater samples were collected from various locations to represent the overall water quality of the district. Suitability was assessed in terms of its usability for drinking and irrigation. It was found that the groundwater samples are contaminated with high amount of arsenic, which refers that water is unfit for consumption as well as agricultural activities. Hydrogeological studies revealed that regional geological factors might be responsible for excess arsenic concentration in the region. Overall, groundwater quality was found to be alkaline having moderate hardness with high amount of iron, manganese, and lead as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- C K Jain
- National Institute of Hydrology, Roorkee, 247 667, India.
| | - S K Sharma
- National Institute of Hydrology, Roorkee, 247 667, India
| | - Surya Singh
- National Institute of Hydrology, Roorkee, 247 667, India
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20
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Shakoor MB, Bibi I, Niazi NK, Shahid M, Nawaz MF, Farooqi A, Naidu R, Rahman MM, Murtaza G, Lüttge A. The evaluation of arsenic contamination potential, speciation and hydrogeochemical behaviour in aquifers of Punjab, Pakistan. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 199:737-746. [PMID: 29475162 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 01/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we tested 123 groundwater wells from five different areas of Punjab, Pakistan for arsenic (As) contamination level and species, as well as delineated hydrogeochemical behaviour of As in aquifers. Results revealed that 75% and 41% of the groundwater wells exceeded the safe As limit of World Health Organisation (WHO, 10 μg L-1) and Pakistan-EPA (50 μg L-1), respectively. Arsenite (As(III)) and arsenate (As(V)) spanned 0-80% and 20-100% of total As (1.2-206 μg L-1), respectively. The mean As content (5.2 μg L-1) of shallow wells at 9-40 m depth did not exceed the WHO safe limit, representing a safe aquifer zone for pumping of groundwater compared to deeper wells at 41-90 m (51 μg L-1) and >90 m (23 μg L-1) depths. Piper-plot elucidated that the aqueous chemistry was dominated with Na-SO4, Na-Ca-SO4, Na-Mg-SO4 type saline water. Principal component analysis grouped As concentration with well depth, pH, salinity, Fe and CO3, exhibiting that these hydrogeochemical factors could have potential role in controlling As release/sequestration into the aquifers of study area. Geochemical modeling showed positive saturation indices only for iron (Fe) oxide-phases, indicating Fe oxides as the major carriers of As. Overall, this study provides insights to tackle emerging As threat to the communities in Punjab, Pakistan, as well as help develop suitable management/mitigation strategies - based on the baseline knowledge of As levels/species and factors governing As contamination in the study area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Bilal Shakoor
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan; Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Irshad Bibi
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan; MARUM and Department of Geosciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, D-28359, Germany
| | - Nabeel Khan Niazi
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan; MARUM and Department of Geosciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, D-28359, Germany; Southern Cross GeoScience, Southern Cross University, Lismore, 2480, NSW, Australia.
| | - Muhammad Shahid
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Vehari, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Farrakh Nawaz
- Department of Forestry and Range Management, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Abida Farooqi
- Environmental Geochemistry Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Ravi Naidu
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), ATC Building, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Mohammad Mahmudur Rahman
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), ATC Building, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Ghulam Murtaza
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Andreas Lüttge
- MARUM and Department of Geosciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, D-28359, Germany
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21
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Shakoor MB, Nawaz R, Hussain F, Raza M, Ali S, Rizwan M, Oh SE, Ahmad S. Human health implications, risk assessment and remediation of As-contaminated water: A critical review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 601-602:756-769. [PMID: 28577410 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.05.223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) is a naturally occurring metalloid and Class-A human carcinogen. Exposure to As via direct intake of As-contaminated water or ingestion of As-contaminated edible crops is considered a life threatening problem around the globe. Arsenic-laced drinking water has affected the lives of over 200 million people in 105 countries worldwide. Limited data are available on various health risk assessment models/frameworks used to predict carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health effects caused by As-contaminated water. Therefore, this discussion highlights the need for future research focusing on human health risk assessment of individual As species (both organic and inorganic) present in As-contaminated water. Various conventional and latest technologies for remediation of As-contaminated water are also reviewed along with a discussion of the fate of As-loaded waste and sludge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Bilal Shakoor
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Faisalabad, Allama Iqbal Road, 38000 Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | - Rab Nawaz
- Department of Environmental Sciences, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Fida Hussain
- Department of Biological Environment, Kangwon National University, 200-701 Chuncheon, Kangwon-do, South Korea
| | - Maimoona Raza
- Department of Geology, Kangwon National University, 24341 Chuncheon, South Korea; National Water Quality Laboratory, Pakistan Council of Research in Water Resources, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Shafaqat Ali
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Faisalabad, Allama Iqbal Road, 38000 Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Rizwan
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Faisalabad, Allama Iqbal Road, 38000 Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Sang-Eun Oh
- Department of Biological Environment, Kangwon National University, 200-701 Chuncheon, Kangwon-do, South Korea
| | - Sajjad Ahmad
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology (CIIT), Vehari Campus, Pakistan
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Kumar M, Patel AK, Das A, Kumar P, Goswami R, Deka P, Das N. Hydrogeochemical controls on mobilization of arsenic and associated health risk in Nagaon district of the central Brahmaputra Plain, India. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2017; 39:161-178. [PMID: 26979055 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-016-9816-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, elevated concentration of arsenic (As) in groundwater in the northeastern states of India has become a major cause of concern. Since many regions of the Brahmaputra plains are reported with groundwater As contamination, an attempt was made to study the As contamination and factors governing its release in the Nagaon district in Brahmaputra floodplain, based on various water types, relation of As with other major ions and with various depth profiles. The origin of groundwater mineralization and the processes responsible for As enrichment in groundwater was determined by calculating saturation index using PHREEQC code. Multivariate statistical analysis was carried out for identification of As-releasing mechanism based on rock-water interaction. Principle component analysis of physicochemical parameters revealed the association of As with SiO2 and Cl- in pre-monsoon and the fact that alkaline condition favors release of As. The relation between As and Fe shows that reductive dissolution of solid Fe oxide and hydroxide phases could be the source of As in Nagaon district. The result of hierarchical cluster analysis indicates that As release could also be associated with the agrochemicals application. Health risk assessment revealed that children are more susceptible to carcinogenic as well as non-carcinogenic health impact with consumption of As-contaminated drinking water. The male population is more susceptible to cancer as compared to females as the average water consumption is higher in case of male. Overall, the study highlights the health risk assessment is a matter of chief concern in this study as the younger generation are at higher risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Kumar
- Department of Environmental Science, Tezpur University, Napaam, Assam, 784028, India.
| | - Arbind Kumar Patel
- Department of Environmental Science, Tezpur University, Napaam, Assam, 784028, India
| | - Aparna Das
- Department of Environmental Science, Tezpur University, Napaam, Assam, 784028, India
| | - Pankaj Kumar
- United Nations University, Institute for the Advanced Study of Sustainability (UNU-IAS), 5-53-70, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo, 150-8925, Japan
| | - Ritusmita Goswami
- Department of Environmental Science, Tezpur University, Napaam, Assam, 784028, India
| | - Parismita Deka
- Department of Environmental Science, Tezpur University, Napaam, Assam, 784028, India
| | - Nilotpal Das
- Department of Environmental Science, Tezpur University, Napaam, Assam, 784028, India
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Shrivastava BK. Policy intervention for arsenic mitigation in drinking water in rural habitations in India: achievements and challenges. JOURNAL OF WATER AND HEALTH 2016; 14:827-838. [PMID: 27740548 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2016.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This article provides updated status of the arsenic affected rural habitations in India, summarizes the policy initiatives of the Ministry of Drinking Water & Sanitation (Government of India), reviews the technologies for arsenic treatment and analyses the progress made by states in tackling arsenic problems in rural habitations. It also provides a list of constraints based on experiences and recommends suggested measures to tackle arsenic problems in an holistic manner. It is expected that the paper would be useful for policy formulators in states, non-government organizations, researchers of academic and scientific institutions and programme managers working in the area of arsenic mitigation in drinking water, especially in developing countries, as it provides better insights compared to other available information in India on mitigating arsenic problems in drinking water in rural areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brajesh K Shrivastava
- Ministry of Drinking Water & Sanitation, 9th Floor, Paryavaran Bhavan, CGO Complex, Lodhi Road, New Delhi 110003, India E-mail:
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Sharma S, Kaur J, Nagpal AK, Kaur I. Quantitative assessment of possible human health risk associated with consumption of arsenic contaminated groundwater and wheat grains from Ropar Wetand and its environs. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2016; 188:506. [PMID: 27491949 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-016-5507-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) is a carcinogenic metalloid that enters food chain through food and water and poses health risk to living beings. It is important to assess the As status in the environment and risks associated with it. Hence, a risk assessment study was conducted across Ropar wetland, Punjab, India and its environs in pre-monsoon season of 2013, to estimate the risk posed to adults and children via daily consumption of As contaminated groundwater and wheat grains. Arsenic concentrations determined in groundwater, soil and wheat grain samples using atomic absorption spectrometer ranged from 2.90 to 10.56 μg L(-1), 0.06 to 0.12 mg kg(-1) and 0.03 to 0.21 mg kg(-1), respectively. Arsenic in wheat grains showed significant negative correlation with phosphate content in soil indicating a competitive uptake of arsenate and phosphate ions by plants. Principal component analysis and cluster analysis suggested that both natural and anthropogenic factors contribute to variation in As content and other variables studied in soil and groundwater samples. Total cancer risk and hazard index were higher than the USEPA safety limits of 1.00 × 10(-6) and 1, respectively, for both adults and children indicating a high risk of cancer and other health disorders. Consumption of As contaminated wheat grains was found to pose higher risk of cancer and non-cancer health disorders as compared to intake of As contaminated groundwater by both adults and children. Moreover, children were found to be more prone to cancer and other heath disorders due to As exposure via wheat grains and groundwater as compared to adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakshi Sharma
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India
| | - Jagdeep Kaur
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India
| | - Avinash Kaur Nagpal
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India
| | - Inderpreet Kaur
- Department of Chemistry, Centre of Advance Studies, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India.
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25
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Zhang R, Zhang X, Wu K, Wu H, Sun Q, Hu FB, Han J, Willett WC, Giovannucci EL. Rice consumption and cancer incidence in US men and women. Int J Cancer 2016; 138:555-64. [PMID: 26219234 PMCID: PMC4919813 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Revised: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
While both the 2012 and 2014 Consumer Reports concerned arsenic levels in US rice, no previous study has evaluated long-term consumption of total rice, white rice and brown rice in relation to risk of developing cancers. We investigated this in the female Nurses' Health Study (1984-2010), and Nurses' Health Study II (1989-2009), and the male Health Professionals Follow-up Study (1986-2008), which included a total of 45,231 men and 160,408 women, free of cancer at baseline. Validated food frequency questionnaires were used to measure rice consumption at baseline and repeated almost every 4 years thereafter. We employed Cox proportional hazards regression model to estimate multivariable relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). During up to 26 years of follow-up, we documented 31,655 incident cancer cases (10,833 in men and 20,822 in women). Age-adjusted results were similar to multivariable-adjusted results. Compared to participants with less than one serving per week, the multivariable RRs of overall cancer for individuals who ate at least five servings per week were 0.97 for total rice (95% CI: 0.85-1.07), 0.87 for white rice (95% CI: 0.75-1.01), and 1.17 for brown rice (95% CI: 0.90-1.26). Similar non-significant associations were observed for specific sites of cancers including prostate, breast, colon and rectum, melanoma, bladder, kidney, and lung. Additionally, the null associations were observed among European Americans and non-smokers, and were not modified by BMI. Long-term consumption of total rice, white rice or brown rice was not associated with risk of developing cancer in US men and women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Zhang
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Xuehong Zhang
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Kana Wu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Hongyu Wu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Qi Sun
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Frank B. Hu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Jiali Han
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Public Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Walter C. Willett
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Edward L. Giovannucci
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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Bhowmick P, Banerjee D, Santra S, Sen D, Das B, Chattopadhyay KK. Amorphous carbon nanotubes as potent sorbents for removal of a phenolic derivative compound and arsenic: theoretical support of experimental findings. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra23382h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Amorphous carbon nanotubes can be uses as potential material for water purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Bhowmick
- School of Material Science and Nanotechnology
- Jadavpur University
- Kolkata 700032
- India
| | - D. Banerjee
- School of Material Science and Nanotechnology
- Jadavpur University
- Kolkata 700032
- India
| | - S. Santra
- Thin Film and NanoScience Laboratory
- Department of Physics
- Jadavpur University
- Kolkata 700032
- India
| | - D. Sen
- Thin Film and NanoScience Laboratory
- Department of Physics
- Jadavpur University
- Kolkata 700032
- India
| | - B. Das
- School of Material Science and Nanotechnology
- Jadavpur University
- Kolkata 700032
- India
| | - K. K. Chattopadhyay
- School of Material Science and Nanotechnology
- Jadavpur University
- Kolkata 700032
- India
- Thin Film and NanoScience Laboratory
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27
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Krishnatreya M. Epidemiological research on cancers by cancer registries: A view point. South Asian J Cancer 2015; 4:50. [PMID: 25839027 PMCID: PMC4382791 DOI: 10.4103/2278-330x.149957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Manigreeva Krishnatreya
- Department of Cancer Registry, Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Dr. B Borooah Cancer Institute, Guwahati, Assam, India
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28
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Krishnatreya M, Saikia A, Kataki A, Sharma J, Baruah M. Variations in the spatial distribution of gall bladder cancer: a call for collaborative action. Ann Med Health Sci Res 2014; 4:S329-31. [PMID: 25364614 PMCID: PMC4212402 DOI: 10.4103/2141-9248.141984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The incidence of gall bladder cancers in this part of the world is high and the spatial variation in occurrence of gall bladder cancers can be identified by using geographical information system. Materials and Methods: Data set containing the address information of gall bladder cancer patients from the District of Kamrup, India was obtained from cancer registry of a regional cancer center. The data set consisted of patients registered during the period of January 2010 to December 2012. The ArcGIS 10.0 used for the present analysis and the population density map of the District was prepared by using LandScan, 2008™. Results: There were isolated areas with very high density of cases and low population density termed as “hot spots”. Alternatively there were areas with very high population density and lesser number of cases with gall bladder cancers. Conclusion: This type of an analysis using GIS provides evidence to conduct joint research by epidemiologists and specialists from environmental and geological sciences in tandem.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Krishnatreya
- Department of Cancer Registry, A Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Dr. B Borooah Cancer Institute, Guwahati, India
| | - A Saikia
- Department of Geography, Guwahati University, Guwahati, India
| | - Ac Kataki
- Department of Cancer Registry, A Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Dr. B Borooah Cancer Institute, Guwahati, India
| | - Jd Sharma
- Department of Pathology, Dr. B Borooah Cancer Institute, Guwahati, India
| | - M Baruah
- Department of Geography, Guwahati University, Guwahati, India
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29
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Das B, Mandal S, Chaudhuri K. Role of arginine, a component of aqueous garlic extract, in remediation of sodium arsenite induced toxicity in A375 cells. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3tx50098e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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30
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Wang Y, Jiao JJ, Zhu S, Li Y. Arsenic K-edge X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy to determine oxidation states of arsenic of a coastal aquifer-aquitard system. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2013; 179:160-166. [PMID: 23680973 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2013.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Revised: 03/25/2013] [Accepted: 04/03/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Determination of oxidation states of solid-phase arsenic in bulk sediments is a valuable step in the evaluation of its bioavailability and environmental fate in deposits, but is difficult when the sediments have low arsenic contents and heterogeneous distribution of arsenic species. As K-edge X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy (XANES) was used to determine quantitatively the oxidation states of arsenic in sediments collected from different depths of boreholes in the Pearl River Delta, China, where the highest aquatic arsenic concentration is 161.4 μg/L, but the highest solid arsenic content only 39.6 mg/kg. The results demonstrated that XANES is efficient in determining arsenic oxidation states of the sediments with low arsenic contents and multiple arsenic species. The study on the high-resolution vertical variations of arsenic oxidation states also indicated that these states are influenced strongly by groundwater activities. With the help of geochemical data, solid arsenic speciation, toxicity and availability were further discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Wang
- Department of Earth Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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32
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Rao NS, Rao PS, Reddy GV, Nagamani M, Vidyasagar G, Satyanarayana NLVV. Chemical characteristics of groundwater and assessment of groundwater quality in Varaha River Basin, Visakhapatnam District, Andhra Pradesh, India. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2012; 184:5189-5214. [PMID: 21931947 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-011-2333-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2010] [Accepted: 08/29/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Study on chemical characteristics of groundwater and impacts of groundwater quality on human health, plant growth, and industrial sector is essential to control and improve the water quality in every part of the country. The area of the Varaha River Basin is chosen for the present study, where the Precambrian Eastern Ghats underlain the Recent sediments. Groundwater quality is of mostly brackish and very hard, caused by the sources of geogenic, anthropogenic, and marine origin. The resulting groundwater is characterized by Na(+) > Mg(2+) > Ca(2+) : [Formula: see text] > Cl(-) > [Formula: see text], Na(+) > Mg(2+) > Ca(2+) : [Formula: see text] > Cl(-) > [Formula: see text] > [Formula: see text], Na(+) > Mg(2+) > Ca(2+) : [Formula: see text] > Cl(-), and Na(+) > Mg(2+) > Ca(2+) : Cl(-) > [Formula: see text] > [Formula: see text] facies, following the topographical and water flow-path conditions. The genetic geochemical evolution of groundwater ([Formula: see text] and Cl(-)-[Formula: see text] types under major group of [Formula: see text]) and the hydrogeochemical signatures (Na(+)/Cl(-), >1 and [Formula: see text]/Cl(-), <1) indicate that the groundwater is of originally fresh quality, but is subsequently modified to brackish by the influences of anthropogenic and marine sources, which also supported by the statistical analysis. The concentrations of total dissolved solids (TDS), TH, Mg(2+), Na(+), K(+), [Formula: see text], Cl(-), [Formula: see text], and F(-) are above the recommended limits prescribed for drinking water in many locations. The quality of groundwater is of mostly moderate in comparison with the salinity hazard versus sodium hazard, the total salt concentration versus percent sodium, the residual sodium carbonate, and the magnesium hazard, but is of mostly suitable with respect to the permeability index for irrigation. The higher concentrations of TDS, TH, [Formula: see text], Cl(-), and [Formula: see text] in the groundwater cause the undesirable effects of incrustation and corrosion in many locations. Appropriate management measures are, therefore, suggested to improve the groundwater quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Subba Rao
- Department of Geology, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam 530 003, India.
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33
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AddoNtim S, Mitra S. Adsorption of arsenic on multiwall carbon nanotube-zirconia nanohybrid for potential drinking water purification. J Colloid Interface Sci 2012; 375:154-9. [PMID: 22424815 PMCID: PMC3321230 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2012.01.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2011] [Revised: 01/20/2012] [Accepted: 01/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The adsorptive removal of arsenic from water using a multiwall carbon nanotube-zirconia nanohybrid (MWCNT-ZrO(2)) is presented. The MWCNT-ZrO(2) with 4.85% zirconia was effective in meeting the drinking water standard levels of 10 μg L(-1). The absorption capacity of the composite were 2000 μg g(-1) and 5000 μg g(-1) for As(III) and As(V) respectively, which were significantly higher than those reported previously for iron oxide coated MWCNTs. The adsorption of As(V) on MWCNT-ZrO(2) was faster than that of As(III), and a pseudo-second order rate equation effectively described the uptake kinetics. The adsorption isotherms for As(III) and As(V) fitted both the Langmuir and Freundlich models. A major advantage of the MWCNT-ZrO(2) was that the adsorption capacity was not a function of pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana AddoNtim
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey 07102, USA
| | - Somenath Mitra
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey 07102, USA
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