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Bhuiya A, Yasmin S, Mustafa MG, Shaikh MAA, Saima J, Moniruzzaman M, Kabir MH. Spatiotemporal distribution, ecological risk assessment, and human health implications of currently used pesticide (CUP) residues in the surface water of Feni River, Bangladesh. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 944:173857. [PMID: 38871333 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Spatiotemporal monitoring of pesticide residues in river water is urgently needed due to its negative environmental and human health consequences. The present study is to investigate the occurrence of multiclass pesticide residue in the surface water of the Feni River, Bangladesh, using an optimized salting-out assisted liquid-liquid microextraction (SALLME) coupled with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The optimized SALLME method was developed and validated following the SANTE/11312/2021 guidelines. A total of 42 water samples were collected and analyzed to understand the spatiotemporal distribution of azoxystrobin (AZ), buprofezin (BUP), carbofuran (CAR), pymetrozine (PYM), dimethoate (DMT), chlorantraniliprole (CLP), and difenoconazole (DFN). At four spike levels (n = 5) of 20, 40, 200, and 400 μg/L, the recovery percentages were satisfactory, ranging between 71.1 % and 107.0 % (RSD ≤13.8 %). The residues ranged from below the detection level (BDL) to 14.5 μg/L. The most frequently detected pesticide was DMT (100 %), followed by CLP (52.3809-57.1429), CAR (4.7619-14.2867), and PYM (4.7619-9.5238). However, AZ and BUP were below the detection limit in the analyzed samples of both seasons. Most pesticides and the highest concentrations were detected in March 2023, while the lowest concentrations were present in August 2023.Furthermore, ecological risk assessment based on the general-case scenario (RQm) and worst-case scenario (RQex) indicated a high (RQ > 1) risk to aquatic organisms, from the presence of PYM and CLP residue in river water. Human health risk via dietary exposure was estimated using the hazard quotient (HQ). Based on the detected residues, the HQ (<1) value indicated no significant health risk. This report provides the first record of pesticide residue occurrences scenario and their impact on the river environment of Bangladesh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananya Bhuiya
- Institute of National Analytical Research and Service (INARS), Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dr. Kudrat-i-Khuda Road, Dhanmondi, Dhaka 1205, Bangladesh; Department of Oceanography, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali 3814, Bangladesh
| | - Sabina Yasmin
- Institute of National Analytical Research and Service (INARS), Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dr. Kudrat-i-Khuda Road, Dhanmondi, Dhaka 1205, Bangladesh.
| | - M Golam Mustafa
- Department of Oceanography, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali 3814, Bangladesh
| | - Md Aftab Ali Shaikh
- Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dr. Kudrat-i-Khuda Road, Dhanmondi, Dhaka 1205, Bangladesh; Department of Chemistry, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Jerin Saima
- Department of Oceanography, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali 3814, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Moniruzzaman
- Central Analytical and Research Facilities (CARF), Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dr. Kudrat-i-Khuda Road, Dhanmondi, Dhaka 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Md Humayun Kabir
- Institute of National Analytical Research and Service (INARS), Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dr. Kudrat-i-Khuda Road, Dhanmondi, Dhaka 1205, Bangladesh.
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Hassaan MA, Ragab S, Elkatory MR, El Nemr A. Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) distribution, origins, and risk evaluation in the Egyptian Mediterranean coast sediments. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2024; 96:e11093. [PMID: 39129319 DOI: 10.1002/wer.11093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
A study was conducted on 31 surface sediments located in different sectors of the Egyptian Mediterranean coast. The sediments were analyzed for their pollution levels of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). The sediments were collected from various depths in harbors, coastal lakes, bays, and lagoons, covering the southeastern Mediterranean of the Nile Delta region. The study aimed at determining the distribution, origin, and potential ecological impact of OCP and PCB pollutants. The researchers used the SRM method of GC-MS/MS to measure the concentration of 18 PCBs and 16 OCPs residues. The study found that the total concentration of OCPs in the samples ranged from 3.091 to 20.512 ng/g, with a mean of 8.749 ± 3.677 ng/g. The total concentration of PCB residues ranged from 2.926 to 20.77 ng/g, with a mean of 5.68 ± 3.282 ng/g. The concentration of DDTs exceeded the effect range low (ERL) (1.00) and threshold effect level (TEL) (1.19) in several stations, but it was still below the effect range median (ERM) (7.00) and the probable effect level (PEL) (4.77). This indicates a low ecological risk. The principal component analysis (PCA) was also conducted to determine the sources of all pollutants in the sediment. The PCA showed significant correlations between the concentrations of Gama-HCH and Beta-HCH (0.741), suggesting similar sources. PRACTITIONER POINTS: OCPs and PCBs residues were analyzed in the sediment of the southeastern Mediterranean. The concentration, existence, and causes of OCPs and PCBs were investigated. OCPs and PCBs ecological risk and ecotoxicological calculation were investigated in detail. Cluster analysis, PCA, and correlation coefficient were also investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Hassaan
- Environment Division, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Safaa Ragab
- Environment Division, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Marwa R Elkatory
- Advanced Technology and New Materials Research Institute, SRTA-City, New Borg El-Arab City, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ahmed El Nemr
- Environment Division, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Alexandria, Egypt
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Hassaan MA, Elkatory MR, Ragab S, El Nemr A. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in water-sediment system of southern Mediterranean: Concentration, source and ecological risk assessment. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 196:115692. [PMID: 37871457 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) were studied in the Nile Delta area of Egypt's southern Mediterranean for their environmental impacts, probable sources, and ecological risk assessment. Using the Gas Chromatography Triple Quadrupole technique, the residues of 16 OCPs and 18 PCBs were determined. The total OCPs content in the seawater and sediment samples ranged from 0.108 to 10.97 μg/L and 0.301 to 5.268 ng/g, respectively, while the PCBs residues had values between 0.808 and 1069.75 μg/L in seawater and between not detected and 575.50 ng/g in sediment samples. The findings of the risk evaluation showed that, except for endosulfan-I, OCPs caused little harm in seawater. However, PCB180, PCB153, PCB156, PCB126 and PCB138 posed a comparatively significant risk. The concentration of DDTs was higher than the effect range low and threshold effect level but remained below the effect range median and probable effect level, posing a minimal ecological concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Hassaan
- Environment Division, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Kayet Bey, El-Anfoushy, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Marwa R Elkatory
- Environment Division, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Kayet Bey, El-Anfoushy, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Safaa Ragab
- Environment Division, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Kayet Bey, El-Anfoushy, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ahmed El Nemr
- Environment Division, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Kayet Bey, El-Anfoushy, Alexandria, Egypt.
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Briones-Venegas A, Ponce-Vélez G, Elías-García VG, Botello AV. Organochlorine contaminants in sediments and factors influencing their distribution in the natural marine protected area in the gulf of Mexico. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 339:139781. [PMID: 37567268 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the concentration of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in marine sediments of a natural marine protected area (NMPA), Veracruz Reef System (VRS), in the Gulf of Mexico (GoM). This NMPA represents one of the first coastal sites with port activity in Mexico, which causes a range of human activities that require adequate planning so as not to impact and destroy this marine protected area; In this sense, this work represents the first effort aimed at diagnosing the presence of organochlorine contaminants in reef sediments from the mainland, both from the adjacent port area and from more distant regions with dominant agricultural activities that ultimately affect this NMPA. Content of organic matter (OM), carbonates and grain-size composition were determined to investigate their influence on compounds distribution in the sediment through multivariate analysis. The potential risk represented by organochlorines concentrations was evaluated taking as reference Sediment Quality Guidelines (SQGs). Levels of ∑PCBs, ∑DDTs, ∑HCHs and ∑Cyclodienes ranged from 11.59 to 29.79, < 0.01 to 34.11, 22.10 to 102.80, and 17.21-104.45 ng g-1 dry weight (DW), respectively. The statistical analysis revealed that the content of mud and organic matter were the parameters that might influence PCBs distribution in the sediment while OCPs could be influenced by sand and carbonate. The theoretical risk assessment estimated with the results obtained showed that concentrations of lindane, endrin, dieldrin and p,p'-DDT could have an adverse effect on the reef benthic community and continued monitoring is required. The data obtained on the organochlorine contaminants (OCs) considered in this work will contribute to support the strategies proposed by the Mexican federal government entity to continue with the conservation and surveillance of this NMPA and thereby guarantee the least impact derived mainly from port and related agricultural activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aura Briones-Venegas
- Laboratorio de Contaminación Marina, Instituto de Ciencias Del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Circuito Exterior S/n, Cd. Universitaria, Ciudad de México, 04510, Mexico.
| | - Guadalupe Ponce-Vélez
- Laboratorio de Contaminación Marina, Instituto de Ciencias Del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Circuito Exterior S/n, Cd. Universitaria, Ciudad de México, 04510, Mexico.
| | - Víctor Gabriel Elías-García
- Laboratorio de Contaminación Marina, Instituto de Ciencias Del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Circuito Exterior S/n, Cd. Universitaria, Ciudad de México, 04510, Mexico.
| | - Alfonso V Botello
- Laboratorio de Contaminación Marina, Instituto de Ciencias Del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Circuito Exterior S/n, Cd. Universitaria, Ciudad de México, 04510, Mexico.
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Lavandier RC, Arêas J, Lemos LS, de Moura JF, Taniguchi S, Montone R, Quinete NS, Hauser-Davis RA, Siciliano S, Moreira I. Trophic Chain Organochlorine Pesticide Contamination in a Highly Productive Upwelling Area in Southeastern Brazil. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:6343. [PMID: 37510576 PMCID: PMC10379595 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20146343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Organochlorine pesticides (OCP) are legacy anthropogenic compounds known to persist for several years in the environment. The continuous use of some OCP, such as DDT, after restrictions in developing countries are cause of concern, due to their deleterious effects to marine life and humans. Studies assessing OCP contamination in coastal environments are still scarce in South America and there is a need to understand the impacts from trophic chain accumulation of these pollutants in marine life. In this study, we have assessed OCP levels in muscle and liver and estimated the biomagnification factor in several upwelling system trophic chain members, including fish, squid, and marine mammal from Southeastern Brazil. DDT degradation product DDE was the OCP detected in the highest concentrations in Franciscana dolphins (Pontoporia blainvillei), 86.4 ng·g-1 wet weight, and fish muscle and liver. In general, higher OCP levels were found in liver than in muscle, except for croaker. Biomagnification factors (BMF) of OCP in the top predator P. blainvillei and the carnivorous cutlass fish (Trichiurus lepturus) were on average between 0.2 and 1.8. Continued OCP monitoring in this region is warranted to better understand the distribution and fate of these compounds over time, with the goal to establish strategies for the conservation of local dolphin species and to assess human health risks from local coastal region populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Cavalcanti Lavandier
- Departamento de Química, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio), Rua Marquês de São Vicente, 225, Gávea, Rio de Janeiro 22453-900, Brazil
| | - Jennifer Arêas
- PIBIC/Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Brasil, 4.365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil
| | - Leila Soledade Lemos
- Institute of Environment, Florida International University, North Miami, FL 33181, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Jailson Fulgêncio de Moura
- Systems Ecology, Leibniz Center for Tropical Marine Ecology (ZMT), Fahrenheitstrasse 6, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Satie Taniguchi
- Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, Butantã, São Paulo 05508-120, Brazil
| | - Rosalinda Montone
- Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, Butantã, São Paulo 05508-120, Brazil
| | - Natalia Soares Quinete
- Institute of Environment, Florida International University, North Miami, FL 33181, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Rachel Ann Hauser-Davis
- Laboratório de Avaliação e Promoção da Saúde Ambiental, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Brasil, 4.365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil
| | - Salvatore Siciliano
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública/Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rua Leopoldo Bulhões, 1.480, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 20911-300, Brazil
| | - Isabel Moreira
- Departamento de Química, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio), Rua Marquês de São Vicente, 225, Gávea, Rio de Janeiro 22453-900, Brazil
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Said TO, Ragab S, El Sikaily A, Hassaan MA, Arshad M, El Nemr A. Chlorinated pesticides and PCB residues in the Egyptian Western Desert oases sediments. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 193:115236. [PMID: 37418808 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
This preliminary investigation aimed to detect concentrations of chlorinated pesticides and PCBs in 40 sediment samples from three desert oases located in Kharga, Dakhla and Farafra in western Egypt. The residues of 18 PCBs and 16 chlorinated pesticides were measured by GC-MS/MS (SRM) method. The results showed that PCBs and pesticides were present in all studied samples. The concentrations of individual PCBs ranged from undetected to 3.99 ng/g dw in all these sediment samples. The total residue of pesticides (ng/g, dry weight) in sediment samples also varied from 5.18 to 25.92, 5.41 to 29.49, and 5.93 to 24.19 ng/g dw for the Kharga, Dakhla and Farafra Oases, respectively. The concentrations of PCBs and chlorinated pesticides detected in these oasis sediments were lower than that reported for other worldwide locations. According to the recorded concentrations in this baseline study of PCBs and total DDTs, the results revealed the minimal risks to organisms and people in the studied area according to the Effects Range-Low (ERL) and Effects Range-Median (ERM) guideline values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarek O Said
- Environment Division, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Kayet Bey, El-Anfoushy, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Safaa Ragab
- Environment Division, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Kayet Bey, El-Anfoushy, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Amany El Sikaily
- Environment Division, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Kayet Bey, El-Anfoushy, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Hassaan
- Environment Division, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Kayet Bey, El-Anfoushy, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Muhammad Arshad
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ahmed El Nemr
- Environment Division, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Kayet Bey, El-Anfoushy, Alexandria, Egypt.
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Lai Y, Chi K, Zhou W, Hsu Y, Weng Y. Detection of organochlorine pesticides in estuarine sediments of protected wetlands in Taiwan using high‐resolution gas chromatography/high‐resolution mass spectrometry and gas chromatography‐electron capture detector. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.202200551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
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García-Hernández J, Leyva-Morales JB, Bastidas-Bastidas PDJ, Leyva-García GN, Valdez-Torres JB, Aguilar-Zarate G, Betancourt-Lozano M. A comparison of pesticide residues in soils from two highly technified agricultural valleys in northwestern Mexico. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2021; 56:548-565. [PMID: 33999759 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2021.1918977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A pesticide characterization is presented for two highly technified valleys in northwest Mexico: Culiacan Valley (CV) in Sinaloa and Yaqui Valley (YV) in Sonora. Approximately 250,000 kg of active ingredients are used every year, half of which are considered highly hazardous pesticides. Legacy pesticides are still present in the soils of these valleys. The aim of the present study was to identify and quantify a wide variety of pesticides in soils and correlate their concentrations with historical and current use. Agricultural soils from both valleys were sampled and analyzed using accelerated solvent extraction and subsequent quantification by gas chromatography with selective detectors. The most frequently detected pesticides (mean, µg g-1) in CV were organochlorines (0.1967), organophosphates (0.0928), synthetic pyrethroids (0.2565), organonitrogen (0.0552), and miscellaneous pesticides (0.1851). In YV, the most frequently detected pesticides were organochlorines (0.8607), organophosphates (0.0001), synthetic pyrethroids (0.0124), and miscellaneous pesticides (0.0009). The pesticides were more diverse in CV compared to those of YV, which was based on the types of crops produced. Both locations presented highly hazardous pesticides, including concentrations above the action levels established by the Canadian Soil Quality Guide. A follow-up risk assessment is recommended to assess potential effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaqueline García-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Ciencias Ambientales, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A.C. (CIAD) Coordinación Guaymas, Guaymas, Sonora, México
| | - José Belisario Leyva-Morales
- Departamento de Salud-Licenciatura en Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Occidente (Unidad Regional Guasave), Guasave, Sinaloa
- Doctorado en Sustentabilidad, Universidad Autónoma de Occidente (Unidad Regional Guasave), Guasave, Sinaloa, México
| | - Pedro de Jesús Bastidas-Bastidas
- Laboratorio de Análisis de Plaguicidas, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. (Unidad Culiacán), Culiacán, Sinaloa, México
| | - Germán Nepomuceno Leyva-García
- Laboratorio de Ciencias Ambientales, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A.C. (CIAD) Coordinación Guaymas, Guaymas, Sonora, México
| | - José Benigno Valdez-Torres
- Laboratorio de Análisis de Plaguicidas, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. (Unidad Culiacán), Culiacán, Sinaloa, México
| | - Gabriela Aguilar-Zarate
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. (Unidad Mazatlán), Mazatlán, Sinaloa, México
| | - Miguel Betancourt-Lozano
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. (Unidad Mazatlán), Mazatlán, Sinaloa, México
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Sultan M, Waheed S, Ali U, Sweetman AJ, Jones KC, Malik RN. Insight into occurrence, profile and spatial distribution of organochlorine pesticides in soils of solid waste dumping sites of Pakistan: Influence of soil properties and implications for environmental fate. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 170:195-204. [PMID: 30529619 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2018] [Revised: 10/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Waste dumping sites are considered as significant disposal pathway for waste contaminants including pesticides. In the present study OCPs were analyzed in soils of waste dumping sites of Pakistan. The mean concentrations of OCPs were in the order: ∑DDTs>∑HCHs>∑Endosulfan>∑HCB>Heptachlor. Order of overall ∑OCPs contamination with respect to location was Lahore>Sukkur>Karachi>Kamoki>Faisalabad>Hyderabad>Losar>Gujrat>Peshawar. Distribution of OCPs in solid waste dumping site was mainly influenced by textural classes, input history and pollution source. Soil texture was the dominant factor for retention of OCPs, whereas TOC and black carbon has not significantly impacted the concentrations of OCPs. Diagnostic ratios indicated the historical input, anaerobic degradation pathway and use of technical mixtures of DDTs in majority of waste dumping sites whereas for HCHs recent as well as past usage of technical mixture was prevalent in most of the areas. Regression analysis revealed a weak positive correlation of OCPs with socioeconomic indices (HDI, Population, waste generation) which is linked with history of use of these contaminants in the respective areas. Forecasted waste generation quantity for the year 2026 showed that waste generation amount will get doubled by the year 2026 suggesting the need properly designed waste management system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marriya Sultan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Sidra Waheed
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Usman Ali
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Andrew James Sweetman
- Centre for Chemicals Management, Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, 12 Bailrigg, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - Kevin C Jones
- Centre for Chemicals Management, Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, 12 Bailrigg, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - Riffat Naseem Malik
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan.
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Vizuete J, Hernández-Moreno D, Fidalgo LE, Bertini S, Andreini R, Soler F, Míguez-Santiyán MP, López-Beceiro A, Pérez-López M. Concentrations of chlorinated pollutants in adipose tissue of yellow-legged gulls (Larus michahellis) from Spain: Role of gender and age. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 164:493-499. [PMID: 30145489 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.08.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Concentrations of 7 different polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners, and eleven organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and metabolites, including DDTs (dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane), HCHs (hexachlorocyclohexane isomers), Endosulfan, Endosulfan sulfate, Endrin, Dieldrin and HCB (hexachlorobenzene), were determined in adipose tissue of 57 yellow-legged gulls collected from NW and N Spain. Furthermore, the possible differences due to two endogenous factors, age and gender, were determined. All the analyzed PCBs were detected in over 66% of the samples, with levels of 291.9 (PCB 180), 34.5 (PCB 118), 0.7 (PCB 28), 432.6 (PCB 153), 225.5 (PCB 138), 1.3 (PCB 101) and 0.4 (PCB 52) µg/kg of adipose tissue. With respect to the OCPs and metabolites, only 4,4'-DDE and HCB were detected in more than 50% of the samples, with means of 360.6 and 2.5 µg/kg of adipose tissue, respectively. From all the considered contaminants, only 4,4'-DDE levels presented significant differences depending on the gender, with females showing higher values than males (p < 0.01). Significant differences (p < 0.001) were also found related to age for the levels of PCBs 180, 138, 101, 28 and 153, as well as 4,4'-DDE, with adult levels being higher than those in young birds. The results of the present study constitute a baseline to better assess the environmental impacts of PCB and OCP contamination at other coastal sites for future biomonitoring studies, with particular emphasis on gender- and age-related differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Vizuete
- Toxicology Area, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (UEX), 10003 Caceres, Spain
| | - D Hernández-Moreno
- National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology (INIA), 28040 Madrid, Spain; Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Chile.
| | - L E Fidalgo
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (USC), 27003 Lugo, Spain
| | - S Bertini
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - R Andreini
- Delfini Bizantini, Via Colonna 9, 48121 Ravenna, Italy
| | - F Soler
- Toxicology Area, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (UEX), 10003 Caceres, Spain; IMPROCAR Research Institutes, Spain
| | - M P Míguez-Santiyán
- Toxicology Area, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (UEX), 10003 Caceres, Spain; INBIO G+C Research Institutes, Spain
| | - A López-Beceiro
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (USC), 27003 Lugo, Spain
| | - M Pérez-López
- Toxicology Area, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (UEX), 10003 Caceres, Spain; INBIO G+C Research Institutes, Spain.
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Zhong G, Tang J, Xie Z, Mi W, Chen Y, Möller A, Sturm R, Zhang G, Ebinghaus R. Selected current-use pesticides (CUPs) in coastal and offshore sediments of Bohai and Yellow seas. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:1653-1661. [PMID: 24584589 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-2648-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
China is one of the largest producers, consumers, and traders for pesticides in the world. Currently, there are more than 600 pesticide-active substances registered in China, whereas few studies were conducted to improve our understanding of the occurrence and environmental impact of current-use pesticides (CUPs) in China's environment. In this work, 72 surface sediment samples were taken from the coastal and offshore of Bohai and Yellow seas and were analyzed for six CUPs (trifluralin, dacthal, quintozene, endosulfan, chlorpyrifos, and dicofol) and two metabolites (pentachloroanisole and endosulfan sulfate). Sediment samples were categorized as estuarine or near-shore sediments (Laizhou Bay, Taozi Bay, Sishili Bay, and Jiaozhou Bay) and offshore sediments. Trifluralin, α-endosulfan, endosulfan sulfate, chlorpyrifos, dicofol, and pentachloroanisole were detected in more than 60 % of the samples. Dicofol was the predominant compound with concentrations mostly higher than 100 pg/g dry weight (dw) with the highest concentration of 18,000 pg/g dw. Concentrations of other compounds were mainly below 100 pg/g dw. CUP levels were much lower than the sediment screening benchmark calculated. The highest levels of α-endosulfan, endosulfan sulfate, trifluralin, and chlorpyrifos existed at Laizhou Bay, whereas pentachloroanisole and dicofol had highest mean concentrations at Jiaozhou Bay. Generally, no correlation between pesticide concentrations and total organic carbon was observed either for offshore samples or for near-shore samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangcai Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, China
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12
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Galvao P, Henkelmann B, Longo R, Dorneles PR, Torres JPM, Malm O, Schramm KW. Partition of organochlorine concentrations among suspended solids, sediments and brown mussel Perna perna, in tropical bays. CHEMOSPHERE 2014; 114:9-15. [PMID: 25113178 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2013] [Revised: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
For evaluating the brown mussel Perna perna as a sentinel organism regarding environmental concentrations of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), the present study reports original data on the relationship between the concentrations of these chemicals in bottom surface sediments, suspended solids (SS) and concentrations bioaccumulated by this bivalve. Three P. perna cultivation areas, located at three bays in southeastern Brazil were used in this study. The three estuaries are under different degrees of environmental impact. Variations in the OCP and PCB concentrations bioaccumulated by the bivalves tended to be similar to those observed in the sediment, but differed from those found in SS. This latter difference might suggest that the SS trapping apparatuses should have been left in place for approximately 60 days (not only 15 days). This longer period would allow the integration of the environmental variability of the OCP and PCB burden adsorbed to this compartment. Authors encourage future studies to evaluate P. perna exposure to OCPs and PCBs through the evaluation of sediment concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petrus Galvao
- Programa de Biofísica Ambiental - Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Laboratório de Radioisótopos Eduardo Penna-Franca, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Bernhard Henkelmann
- Helmholtz ZentrumMünchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Molecular EXposomics, IngolstädterLandstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Renan Longo
- Laboratório de Radioisótopos Eduardo Penna-Franca, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Paulo Renato Dorneles
- Laboratório de Radioisótopos Eduardo Penna-Franca, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - João Paulo Machado Torres
- Laboratório de Radioisótopos Eduardo Penna-Franca, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Olaf Malm
- Laboratório de Radioisótopos Eduardo Penna-Franca, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Karl-Werner Schramm
- Helmholtz ZentrumMünchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Molecular EXposomics, IngolstädterLandstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Technische Universität München, Wissenschaftszentrum Weihenstephan für Ernährung und Landnutzung, Department für Biowissenschaften, Weihenstephaner Steig 23, 85350 Freising, Germany.
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13
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Development of a multiresidue method for analysis of pesticides in sediments based on isotope dilution and liquid chromatography-electrospray–tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1305:176-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2013] [Revised: 07/01/2013] [Accepted: 07/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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14
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El Nemr A, Moneer AA, Khaled A, El-Sikaily A. Levels, distribution, and risk assessment of organochlorines in surficial sediments of the Red Sea coast, Egypt. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2013; 185:4835-4853. [PMID: 23054273 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-012-2907-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2012] [Accepted: 09/24/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The analyses of environmentally persistent pollutants like polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) isomers, and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and its metabolites in surficial sediment samples collected from 17 locations along with the coast of the Red Sea in Egypt were carried out using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Several potential organic contaminants from agricultural (e.g., DDT and its breakdown products, lindane, endrin, dieldrin, and endosulfan) and industrial (PCBs) sources were measured. The levels of 20 organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and ten PCB congeners in sediment collected from 17 stations along ~1,200 km were investigated. Concentrations of PCBs, HCHs, DDTs, and cyclodienes ranged from 0.40 to 6.17, 0.01 to 0.09, n.d. to 0.46, and 0.08 to 0.90 ppb dry weight. Two statistical programs were applied on the data (principal component analysis, PCA, and cluster analysis, CA), and it was concluded that it is impossible to predict the distribution patterns of the OCPs in a contaminated area. Risk assessment of the organochlorines contaminated in the sediments of the studied area was investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed El Nemr
- Environmental Division, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Kayet Bey, El-Anfoushy, Alexandria, Egypt.
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Saadati N, Abdullah MP, Zakaria Z, Rezayi M, Hosseinizare N. Distribution and fate of HCH isomers and DDT metabolites in a tropical environment-case study Cameron Highlands-Malaysia. Chem Cent J 2012; 6:130. [PMID: 23130650 PMCID: PMC3531265 DOI: 10.1186/1752-153x-6-130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2012] [Accepted: 11/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The serious impact effects of persistent organic pollutants such as organochlorine pesticides, especially dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane family (DDTs) and hexachlorocyclohexane isomers (HCHs) have been causing widespread concern, despite effective control on their manufacturing, agricultural and vector practices. In that, in addition to the previous global limitations on DDTs usage, α-HCH, β-HCH and lindane have also became an on-going topic of global relevance based on the latest Stockholm Convention list on 10th of May 2009. Concentrations of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane family (DDTs) and hexachlorocyclohexane isomers (HCHs) were determined by GC-ECD in Cameron Highlands, the main vegetables and flowers farming area in Malaysia as an agricultural tropical environment. A total of 112 surface water and sediment samples at eight points were collected along the main rivers in the area namely Telom and Bertam in the dry and wet seasons of 2011. Results Total concentration of HCH isomers ranged from not detected to 25.03 ng/L in the water (mean of 5.55 ±6.0 ng/L), while, it ranged from 0.002 to 59.17 ng/g (mean of 8.06±9.39 ng/g) in the sediment. Total concentration of DDT and its metabolites in the water samples varied from not detected to 8.0 ng/L (mean of 0.90±1.66 ng/g), whereas, it was in the range of 0.025 to 23.24 ng/g (mean of 2.55±4.0 ng/g) in the surface sediment samples. The ratio of HCHs and DDTs composition indicated an obvious historical usage and new inputs of these pesticides. Among alpha, beta, gamma and delta isomers of HCH, gamma was the most dominant component in the sediment and water as well. Some seasonal variations in the level of selected pesticides were noted. Conclusions The results illustrate distribution, behaviour and fate of HCHs, and DDTs have closely connected with topological and meteorological properties of the area beyond their chemical characterizations. The features of environmental circumstances exceed one or more of these characters in importance than the other. Although the results show that the situation is better than 1998, the impact of persistent agrochemicals such as lindane and 4,4′DDE are revealed in a key tropical area of Malaysia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naghmeh Saadati
- School of Chemical Sciences and Food Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan of Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia.
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Klok C, de Vries P, Jongbloed R, Tamis J. Literature review on the sensitivity and exposure of marine and estuarine organisms to pesticides in comparison to corresponding fresh water species. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.2903/sp.efsa.2012.en-357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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