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Chowdhary P, Singh A, Chandra R, Kumar PS, Raj A, Bharagava RN. Detection and identification of hazardous organic pollutants from distillery wastewater by GC-MS analysis and its phytotoxicity and genotoxicity evaluation by using Allium cepa and Cicer arietinum L. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 297:134123. [PMID: 35240156 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Distillery industry generates a huge amount of wastewater, which contains a high strength of organic and inorganic load. Accordingly, this study aims to analyze the physico-chemical pollution parameters and the occurrence of phytotoxic, cytotoxic and genotoxic pollutants in wastewater. The result revealed that values of wastewater parameters were recorded as 13268 mg l-1 (BOD), 25144 mg l-1 (COD), 25144 mg l-1 (TS), and 6634 mg l-1 (phosphate), while pH was alkaline. The organic compounds detected by GC-MS were quercetin 7,3',4'-trimethoxy, octadecadienoic acid, propanoic acid, glycocholic acid methyl ester, cantaxanthin, etc. The Allium cepa was used for the toxicity test with different concentrations of wastewater showed a significant level of reduction in root growth and length after exposure and the maximum reduction was at 25% and 20%. Phytotoxicity studies were performed using Cicer arietinum L. with different concentrations of wastewater, which showed adverse effects on seed germination, root length, and the effect was associated with the increasing concentration of wastewater. A. cepa root tips were used for the analysis of mitotic index (MI), nuclear abnormalities (NA), and chromosomal aberrations (CA). MI was decreasing significantly from 72% (control) to 33%, 22%, 23%, 21%, and 18% at 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25% wastewater concentration, respectively. The A. cepa root tip cells showed chromosomal aberrations and nuclear abnormalities like vagrant, stickiness, chromosomal loss, c-mitosis, binucleated, micronuclei, and aberrant cell. This study concluded that the wastewater treatment process is insufficient and the discharged waste needs a proper assessment to know the associated health risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Chowdhary
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University), Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, 226 025, Uttar Pradesh, India; Environmental Microbiology Laboratory, Environmental Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anjali Singh
- Environmental Microbiology Laboratory, Environmental Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ram Chandra
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University), Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, 226 025, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - P Senthil Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Chennai, 603 110, India; Centre of Excellence in Water Research (CEWAR), Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Chennai, 603 110, India
| | - Abhay Raj
- Environmental Microbiology Laboratory, Environmental Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Ram Naresh Bharagava
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University), Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, 226 025, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Benvindo-Souza M, Hosokawa AV, Dos Santos CGA, de Assis RA, Pedroso TMA, Borges RE, Pacheco SM, de Souza Santos LR, de Melo E Silva D. Evaluation of genotoxicity in bat species found on agricultural landscapes of the Cerrado savanna, central Brazil. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 293:118579. [PMID: 34843846 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Habitat loss and fragmentation together represent the most significant threat to the world's biodiversity. In order to guarantee the survival of this diversity, the monitoring of bioindicators can provide important insights into the health of a natural environment. In this context, we used the comet assay and micronucleus test to evaluate the genotoxic susceptibility of 126 bats of eight species captured in soybean and sugarcane plantation areas, together with a control area (conservation unit) in the Cerrado savanna of central Brazil. No significant differences were found between the specimens captured in the sugarcane and control areas in the frequency of micronuclei and DNA damage (comet assay). However, the omnivore Phyllostomus hastatus had a higher frequency of nuclear abnormalities than the frugivore Carollia perspicillata in the sugarcane area. Insectivorous and frugivorous bats presented a higher frequency of genotoxic damage than the nectarivores in the soybean area. In general, DNA damage and micronuclei were significantly more frequent in agricultural environments than in the control area. While agricultural development is an economic necessity in developing countries, the impacts on the natural landscape may result in genotoxic damage to the local fauna, such as bats. Over the medium to long term, then DNA damage may have an increasingly negative impact on the wellbeing of the local species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelino Benvindo-Souza
- Laboratory of Mutagenesis, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, ICB I - Universidade Federal de Goiás, Samambaia Campus, Goiânia, Goiás, CEP 74.690-900, Brazil; Laboratory of Ecotoxicologia e Sistemática Animal, Instituto Federal Goiano, Rodovia Sul Goiana, Km 01, Zona Rural, Rio Verde, Goiás, CEP 75.901-970, Brazil.
| | - Akemi Vieira Hosokawa
- Laboratory of Mutagenesis, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, ICB I - Universidade Federal de Goiás, Samambaia Campus, Goiânia, Goiás, CEP 74.690-900, Brazil
| | - Cirley Gomes Araújo Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Mutagenesis, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, ICB I - Universidade Federal de Goiás, Samambaia Campus, Goiânia, Goiás, CEP 74.690-900, Brazil
| | - Rhayane Alves de Assis
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicologia e Sistemática Animal, Instituto Federal Goiano, Rodovia Sul Goiana, Km 01, Zona Rural, Rio Verde, Goiás, CEP 75.901-970, Brazil; Department of Biology, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Júlio de Mesquita Filho, São Josédo Rio Preto, São Paulo, CEP 15.054-000, Brazil
| | - Thays Millena Alves Pedroso
- Laboratory of Mutagenesis, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, ICB I - Universidade Federal de Goiás, Samambaia Campus, Goiânia, Goiás, CEP 74.690-900, Brazil
| | - Rinneu Elias Borges
- Laboratory of Zoology, Universidade de Rio Verde, UniRV, Fazenda Fontes do Saber, Rio Verde, Goiás, CEP 75901-970, Brazil
| | - Susi Missel Pacheco
- Research Department, Instituto Sauver, Rua Dr. Paulo Franco dos Reis 40. Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, CEP 90.480-090, Brazil
| | - Lia Raquel de Souza Santos
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicologia e Sistemática Animal, Instituto Federal Goiano, Rodovia Sul Goiana, Km 01, Zona Rural, Rio Verde, Goiás, CEP 75.901-970, Brazil.
| | - Daniela de Melo E Silva
- Laboratory of Mutagenesis, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, ICB I - Universidade Federal de Goiás, Samambaia Campus, Goiânia, Goiás, CEP 74.690-900, Brazil
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Martinez-Burgos WJ, Bittencourt Sydney E, Bianchi Pedroni Medeiros A, Magalhães AI, de Carvalho JC, Karp SG, Porto de Souza Vandenberghe L, Junior Letti LA, Thomaz Soccol V, de Melo Pereira GV, Rodrigues C, Lorenci Woiciechowski A, Soccol CR. Agro-industrial wastewater in a circular economy: Characteristics, impacts and applications for bioenergy and biochemicals. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 341:125795. [PMID: 34523570 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The generation of agroindustrial byproducts is rising fast worldwide. The slaughter of animals, the production of bioethanol, and the processing of oil palm, cassava, and milk are industrial activities that, in 2019, generated huge amounts of wastewaters, around 2448, 1650, 256, 85, and 0.143 billion liters, respectively. Thus, it is urgent to reduce the environmental impact of these effluents through new integrated processes applying biorefinery and circular economy concepts to produce energy or new products. This review provides the characteristics of some of the most important agro-industrial wastes, including their physicochemical composition, worldwide average production, and possible environmental impacts. In addition, some alternatives for reusing these materials are addressed, focusing mainly on energy savings and the possibilities of generating value-added products. Finally, this review considers recent research and technological innovations and perspectives for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter José Martinez-Burgos
- Federal University of Paraná, Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, Centro Politécnico, 81531-990, Curitiba Paraná, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Bittencourt Sydney
- Federal University of Technology - Paraná, Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, 84016-210, Ponta Grossa Paraná, Brazil
| | - Adriane Bianchi Pedroni Medeiros
- Federal University of Paraná, Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, Centro Politécnico, 81531-990, Curitiba Paraná, Brazil
| | - Antonio Irineudo Magalhães
- Federal University of Paraná, Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, Centro Politécnico, 81531-990, Curitiba Paraná, Brazil
| | - Júlio Cesar de Carvalho
- Federal University of Paraná, Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, Centro Politécnico, 81531-990, Curitiba Paraná, Brazil
| | - Susan Grace Karp
- Federal University of Paraná, Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, Centro Politécnico, 81531-990, Curitiba Paraná, Brazil
| | - Luciana Porto de Souza Vandenberghe
- Federal University of Paraná, Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, Centro Politécnico, 81531-990, Curitiba Paraná, Brazil; Federal University of Technology - Paraná, Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, 84016-210, Ponta Grossa Paraná, Brazil
| | - Luiz Alberto Junior Letti
- Federal University of Paraná, Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, Centro Politécnico, 81531-990, Curitiba Paraná, Brazil
| | - Vanete Thomaz Soccol
- Federal University of Paraná, Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, Centro Politécnico, 81531-990, Curitiba Paraná, Brazil
| | - Gilberto Vinícius de Melo Pereira
- Federal University of Paraná, Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, Centro Politécnico, 81531-990, Curitiba Paraná, Brazil
| | - Cristine Rodrigues
- Federal University of Paraná, Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, Centro Politécnico, 81531-990, Curitiba Paraná, Brazil
| | - Adenise Lorenci Woiciechowski
- Federal University of Paraná, Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, Centro Politécnico, 81531-990, Curitiba Paraná, Brazil
| | - Carlos Ricardo Soccol
- Federal University of Paraná, Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, Centro Politécnico, 81531-990, Curitiba Paraná, Brazil.
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Kumar V, Bhatti SS, Nagpal AK. Assessment of Metal(loid) Contamination and Genotoxic Potential of Agricultural Soils. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2021; 81:272-284. [PMID: 34272567 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-021-00874-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Soil, a connecting link between biotic and abiotic components of terrestrial ecosystem, receives different kinds of pollutants through various point and nonpoint sources. Among different sources of soil pollution, contaminated irrigation water is one of the most prominent sources affecting soils throughout the globe. The irrigation water (both surface and groundwater) is increasingly getting polluted with contaminants such as metal(loid)s due to various anthropogenic activities. The present study was conducted to analyze metal(loid) contents in agricultural soil samples (N = 24) collected from fields along the banks of rivers Beas and Sutlej flowing through Punjab state of India, using wavelength-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectroscopy. The soil samples were also analyzed for their genotoxic potential using Allium cepa root chromosomal aberration assay. The rivers Beas and Sutlej are contaminated with municipal and industrial effluents in different parts of Punjab. The soil samples analyzed were found to have higher contents of arsenic, cobalt and chromium in comparison with the reference values given by various international agencies. Pollution assessment using different indices like index of geo-accumulation, enrichment factor and contamination factor revealed that the soil samples were highly polluted with cobalt and arsenic. The Allium cepa assay revealed that maximum genotoxicity was found in soil samples having higher contents of As and Co. Pearson's correlation analysis revealed strong positive correlation between the different metal(loid)s which indicated common sources of these metal(loid)s. Therefore, efforts must be taken to reduce the levels of these metal(loid)s in these agricultural soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaneet Kumar
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, India.
- Department of Botany, S.L. Bawa DAV College, Batala, 143505, India.
| | - Sandip Singh Bhatti
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, India
| | - Avinash Kaur Nagpal
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, India.
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Masood F, Pandey R, Singh HP, Gupta AS, Kaur S, Batish DR, Kohli RK. Cytotoxic and genotoxic assessment of agricultural soils from an industrial region. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2021; 193:526. [PMID: 34322773 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-021-09289-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Industrial effluents contain hazardous substances that can be a serious threat to the agriculture and human health. In the present study, the cytotoxic and genotoxic impacts of agricultural soil from the industrial area of Dera Bassi (Punjab, India) have been evaluated. Assays such as defects in DNA repair in K-12 mutants of Escherichia coli and chromosomal aberrations in Allium cepa were used to estimate the acute toxicity and chromosomal mutagenesis, respectively. Atomic absorption spectrometry and GC-MS analysis revealed contamination of the soil with high concentrations of heavy metals and organic compounds, respectively. Dichloromethane extract of site I soil sample caused maximum damage to 40 μL mL-1 DNA repair defective mutants and showed 38 and 49% survival in lexA and recA mutants, respectively, which was least among all the sites. In A. cepa test, an inverse relationship between soil extract concentration and the mitotic index was observed. Exposure of growing roots of A. cepa to soil extracts induced chromosomal abnormalities and alterations in mitotic phases in root tip cells. The study concludes that agricultural sites near the industrial area were contaminated with genotoxic and mutagenic compounds. Hence, adequate measures should be taken to reduce the toxicity of industrial effluents discharged onto the agricultural fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhana Masood
- Department of Environment Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Ranjan Pandey
- Department of Environment Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Harminder Pal Singh
- Department of Environment Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
| | - Aditya Sen Gupta
- Department of Environment Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Shalinder Kaur
- Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
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Kaur J, Kaur V, Pakade YB, Katnoria JK. A study on water quality monitoring of Buddha Nullah, Ludhiana, Punjab (India). ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2021; 43:2699-2722. [PMID: 32949005 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-020-00719-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Diverse genotoxic agents, entering the aquatic environment through natural and anthropogenic events, pose serious threats to its biotic components. The present study involves the monitoring of water quality by assessing the genotoxic effects and physico-chemical parameters including heavy metals of 10 surface water samples collected from different locations of Buddha Nullah, a tributary of Sutlej flowing through Ludhiana, Punjab (India). Genotoxicity was evaluated following Allium cepa root chromosomal aberration assay and DNA nicking assay using plasmid (pBR322) whilst the metal (cadmium, chromium, cobalt, copper, lead, nickel and zinc) analysis was conducted using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. All water samples collected from the study area had cobalt and lead content more than the permissible limits (0.04 and 0.01, respectively) recommended by the Bureau of Indian Standards and the World Health Organization. The samples also induced genotoxicity following both bioassays. The water samples collected from Gaunspur (GP), a site approx. 75.53 km upstream of the Sutlej-Buddha Nullah joining point, has shown the maximum genotoxic effect, i.e. 38.62% in terms of per cent total aberrant cells during A. cepa assay and 100% DNA damage during DNA nicking assay. The Pearson correlation indicated that genotoxicity had a significant positive correlation with the content of cobalt (at p ≤ 0.5). During cluster analysis, the samples from 10 sites formed four statistically significant clusters based on the level of pollution that was dependent on two factors like similarity in physico-chemical characteristics and source of pollution at a specific site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaskaran Kaur
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India
| | - Varinder Kaur
- Department of Chemistry- Centre for Advanced Studies, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India
| | - Yogesh B Pakade
- Cleaner Technology Centre, CSIR- National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Jatinder Kaur Katnoria
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India.
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Evaluation of acute toxicity of vinasse by means of Daphnia magna and Aliivibrio fischeri: a comparative study. Interdiscip Toxicol 2020; 12:143-148. [PMID: 32210703 PMCID: PMC7085298 DOI: 10.2478/intox-2019-0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In the bioethanol industry, per liter of the produced alcohol 9 to 14 liters of vinasse are obtained as a byproduct. If the vinasse is directly shed into bodies of water without an adequate treatment, it may have negative effects on the existing biota and human health due to its high turbidity and color, low pH and high content of organic material. The purpose of this study was to assess the acute toxicity of vinasse by means of a rapid test with Aliivibrio fischeri and compare it with a standard immobilization assay with Daphnia magna. The standard assay of D. magna by means of its EC50 of 4.7% showed that organism was more sensitive to the contaminant, in comparison with the 69.6% obtained with the A. fischeri which suggests that it should be continuesly used as one of the organisms of first choice for the evaluation of the acute toxicity of this effluent.
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de Lima RMT, Dos Reis AC, de Oliveira Santos JV, de Oliveira Ferreira JR, Lima Braga A, de Oliveira Filho JWG, de Menezes AAPM, da Mata AMOF, de Alencar MVOB, do Nascimento Rodrigues DC, Pinheiro Ferreira PM, de Jesus Aguiar Dos Santos Andrade T, Ramos Gonçalves JC, Carneiro da Silva FC, de Castro E Sousa JM, de Carvalho Melo Cavalcante AA. Toxic, cytogenetic and antitumor evaluations of [6]-gingerol in non-clinical in vitro studies. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 115:108873. [PMID: 31003079 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.108873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Gingerol - [6]-gingerol ((S)-5-hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3-decanone; [6]-G) - is a phenolic compound with several pharmacological properties. Herein, the aim of the study was to evaluate the toxicogenic effects of [6]-G on Artemia salina nauplii, Allium cepa, HL-60 cell line and Sarcoma 180 (S-180) ascitic fluid cells.For toxic and genotoxic analysis, it was used [6]-G concentrations of 5, 10, 20 and 40 μg mL-1. For cytotoxic evaluation using the MTT test (3- [4,5-dimethyl-thiazol-2-yl] -2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide), serial [6]-G dilutions (1.56-100 μg mL-1) were performed, and S-180, HL-60 and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were treated for 72 h. The IC50 of [6]-G were 1.14, 5.73 and 11.18 μg mL-1 for HL-60, S-180 and PBMC, respectively, indicating a possible selectivity against tumor cell lines. At higher concentrations (>10 μg mL-1), toxicity and genotoxicity were observed in the A. cepa test, especially at 40 μg mL-1. Mechanisms indicating apoptosis, such as toxicity, cytotoxicity and nuclear abnormalities (bridges, fragments, delays, loose chromosomes and micronuclei) suggest that [6]-G has potential for antitumor pharmaceutical formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosália Maria Tôrres de Lima
- Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, 64049-550, Brazil
| | - Antonielly Campinho Dos Reis
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, 64049-550, Brazil
| | - José Victor de Oliveira Santos
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, 64049-550, Brazil
| | | | - Antonio Lima Braga
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, 64049-550, Brazil
| | | | - Ag-Anne Pereira Melo de Menezes
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, 64049-550, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria Oliveira Ferreira da Mata
- Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, 64049-550, Brazil
| | | | | | - Paulo Michel Pinheiro Ferreira
- Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, 64049-550, Brazil; Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Laboratory of Experimental Cancerology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, 64049-550, Brazil
| | | | - Juan Carlos Ramos Gonçalves
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, 64049-550, Brazil
| | | | - João Marcelo de Castro E Sousa
- Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, 64049-550, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, 64049-550, Brazil; Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Piauí, Picos, Piauí, 64607-670, Brazil.
| | - Ana Amélia de Carvalho Melo Cavalcante
- Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, 64049-550, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, 64049-550, Brazil
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Fuess LT, Rodrigues IJ, Garcia ML. Fertirrigation with sugarcane vinasse: Foreseeing potential impacts on soil and water resources through vinasse characterization. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2017; 52:1063-1072. [PMID: 28737443 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2017.1338892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports the characterization of the polluting potential of sugarcane vinasse, the main wastewater from ethanol production. Compositional data from vinasse samples collected from sugarcane biorefineries were used to predict negative effects on the soil, water resources and crops potentially associated with fertirrigation, the primary final destination of vinasse in Brazil. High risks of soil salinization were associated with the land disposal of vinasse, as evidenced by the high levels of total dissolved solids (TDS; >4,000 mg L-1) and electrical conductivity (>6.7 dS m-1). The high TDS levels coupled with the high biodegradable organic content of vinasse (>14 g L-1) also favor organic overloading events, leading to local anaerobiosis conditions. Conversely, soil sodification should not be observed in areas fertirrigated with sugarcane vinasse, given the low Na concentrations (<66 mg L-1) relative to Mg (>145.1 mg L-1) and Ca (>458.4 mg L-1) levels. Priority pollutants (Cu, Cr, Ni, Pb and Zn) and phytotoxic elements (Al and Fe) were also found in the analyzed samples; however, relevant environmental impacts should not be associated with these particular constituents. Overall, the relatively simple methodology used herein could efficiently replace massive field data collection to provide a basic understanding of the fate of vinasse in the environment in order to highlight the priority points to be considered in the management of this effluent. In summary, the prompt implementation of treatment plants in distilleries, in addition to a continuous and broad compositional characterization of vinasse, is essential to guarantee its adequate reuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas T Fuess
- a Biological Processes Laboratory (LPB) , São Carlos School of Engineering (EESC), University of São Paulo (USP) , São Carlos, São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Isabella J Rodrigues
- b São Paulo State University (UNESP) , Institute of Geosciences and Exact Sciences (IGCE) , Rio Claro, São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Marcelo L Garcia
- b São Paulo State University (UNESP) , Institute of Geosciences and Exact Sciences (IGCE) , Rio Claro, São Paulo , Brazil
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Garcia CFH, Souza RBD, de Souza CP, Christofoletti CA, Fontanetti CS. Toxicity of two effluents from agricultural activity: Comparing the genotoxicity of sugar cane and orange vinasse. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2017; 142:216-221. [PMID: 28412625 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.03.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Vinasse, produced by several countries as a by-product of agricultural activity, has different alternatives for its reuse, mainly fertirrigation. Several monocultures, such as sugar cane and orange crops, produce this effluent. Sugar cane vinasse is already widely used in fertirrigation and orange vinasse has potential for this intention. However, its use as a fertilizer has caused great concern. Thus, ecotoxicological evaluation is extremely important in order to assess the possible effects on the environment. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the potential toxicity of vinasse of two different crops: sugar cane and orange. For this purpose, bioassays with Allium cepa as a test organism were performed with two vinasse dilutions (2.5% and 5%) to detect chromosomal aberrations and micronucleus induction. The results showed that both types of vinasse are able to induce chromosomal aberrations in meristematic cells, mainly nuclear and anaphasic bridges, suggesting genotoxic potential. The induction of micronuclei in cells of the F1 region suggests that the two residues have mutagenic potential. Thus, caution is advised when applying these effluents in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Fernandes H Garcia
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Instituto de Biociências, Rio Claro - Avenida 24A, 1515, Bela Vista, 13506-900 Rio Claro, Brazil
| | - Raphael B de Souza
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Instituto de Biociências, Rio Claro - Avenida 24A, 1515, Bela Vista, 13506-900 Rio Claro, Brazil
| | - Cleiton Pereira de Souza
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Instituto de Biociências, Rio Claro - Avenida 24A, 1515, Bela Vista, 13506-900 Rio Claro, Brazil
| | - Cintya Ap Christofoletti
- UNIARARAS - Centro Universitário Hermínio Ometto, Araras - Avenida Dr. Maximiliano Baruto, 500, Jardim Universitario, 13607-339 Araras, Brazil
| | - Carmem S Fontanetti
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Instituto de Biociências, Rio Claro - Avenida 24A, 1515, Bela Vista, 13506-900 Rio Claro, Brazil.
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Anacleto LR, Roberto MM, Marin-Morales MA. Toxicological effects of the waste of the sugarcane industry, used as agricultural fertilizer, on the test system Allium cepa. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 173:31-42. [PMID: 28104478 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2016] [Revised: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Sugarcane is cultivated in tropical countries for sugar and ethanol production. In Brazil, this culture is among the most profitable with a production of 658.7 million tons/harvest. Sugarcane filter cake (SCFC) is a waste rich in organic matter and micronutrients, but also contains toxic metals. As it has been used as fertilizer and there is not enough knowledge about its environmental impacts, this work assessed the genotoxicogenetic effects of raw SCFC and associations with soil and sugarcane bagasse (SCB), by Allium cepa tests. Six associations of SCFC + soil and five associations of SCFC + soil + SCB were tested at three moments of degradation: initial (T0), 3 and 6 months (T1 and T2). Genotoxicogenetic assays were performed with solid substrates of these associations and with their respective aqueous extracts. Chemical analysis showed a decrease in metals, total organic carbon and nitrogen after 6 months of biodegradation, complying with Brazilian laws. In general, the combination of SCFC + soil + SCB was better than using only SCFC. T0 solubilized samples of different associations composed by highest quantities of SCFC inhibited the MI and induced CA without presenting mutagenicity (except for 75%-SCFC + soil + SCB). T1 samples showed more cytotoxicity than T0 samples, and also presented genotoxic and mutagenic effects. Solid substrate and solubilized associations of SCFC + soil + SCB of T2 samples had no toxicity. These results suggest 6 months of biodegradation and the SCB adding as effective to reduce toxicogenetic effects induced by SCFC. Also, small proportions of SCFC interfered less on the A. cepa test-system when compared with those containing high quantities of residue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Ramos Anacleto
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Departamento de Biologia, Instituto de Biociências, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Matheus Mantuanelli Roberto
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Departamento de Biologia, Instituto de Biociências, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil; Centro Universitário Hermínio Ometto (UNIARARAS), Araras, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Aparecida Marin-Morales
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Departamento de Biologia, Instituto de Biociências, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Correia JE, Christofoletti CA, Marcato ACC, Marinho JFU, Fontanetti CS. Histopathological analysis of tilapia gills (Oreochromis niloticus Linnaeus, 1758) exposed to sugarcane vinasse. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2017; 135:319-326. [PMID: 27770647 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2016.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Revised: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Sugarcane vinasse is one of the main residues generated by the transformation of cane into ethanol. Because of the high organic content (COD), high biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), low pH, the large amount that this residue is generated (15l for every liter of ethanol produced) and their use as fertilizer on the sugarcane crop, this residue is potentially polluting to the soil ecossystem and by percolation to water ecossystem too. Thus, this study aimed to assess the toxicity of vinasse by analyzing Oreochromis niloticus gills exposed to different dilutions (1%, 2.5%, 5% and 10%) in two bioassays. The gills were collected, fixed and analyzed using ultra morphological, histological, and histochemical techniques. After exposure to the vinasse, a statistically significant reduction of the ridges present on the surface of pavimentous cells was observed in one of the bioassays; such structures are responsible for mucus retention, which helps to protect the tissue. In addition, an intumescence of the cells was observed in the treatments with vinasse as well as an increase in the amount of chloridric cells. Some striking tissue changes detected in the treatments were epithelial detachment and loss of integrity of secondary lamellae, causing their rupture and consequent hemorrhage. In the first bioassay, the amount of these changes was statistically significant at the 5% dilution, and the focus of hemorrhage was significant at all dilution ratios. In the second bioassay, the epithelial disorganization was statistically significant only at the 2.5% dilution of vinasse. Moreover, for both bioassays performed, a significant increase in mucous cells was observed when compared with the control. Our results demonstrate the toxic action of sugarcane vinasse, which caused histopathological changes in the exposed animals at all four dilution tested. This highlights the need for caution in the disposal of sugarcane vinasse on the soil, especially due to its capacity for being leached or percolated into water resources, which could seriously damage aquatic fauna.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Correia
- UNESP (Universidade Estadual Paulista), Av. 24-A, 1515. Bela Vista, Rio Claro, SP, Brasil
| | - C A Christofoletti
- UNESP (Universidade Estadual Paulista), Av. 24-A, 1515. Bela Vista, Rio Claro, SP, Brasil; Centro Universitário Hermínio Ometto (FHO-UNIARARAS), Av. Dr. João Maximiliano Baruto, 500. Jd. Universitário. Araras, SP, Brasil
| | - A C C Marcato
- UNESP (Universidade Estadual Paulista), Av. 24-A, 1515. Bela Vista, Rio Claro, SP, Brasil
| | - J F U Marinho
- UNESP (Universidade Estadual Paulista), Av. 24-A, 1515. Bela Vista, Rio Claro, SP, Brasil
| | - C S Fontanetti
- UNESP (Universidade Estadual Paulista), Av. 24-A, 1515. Bela Vista, Rio Claro, SP, Brasil.
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Kuppusamy S, Palanisami T, Megharaj M, Venkateswarlu K, Naidu R. Ex-Situ Remediation Technologies for Environmental Pollutants: A Critical Perspective. REVIEWS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2016; 236:117-192. [PMID: 26423074 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-20013-2_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Pollution and the global health impacts from toxic environmental pollutants are presently of great concern. At present, more than 100 million people are at risk from exposure to a plethora of toxic organic and inorganic pollutants. This review is an exploration of the ex-situ technologies for cleaning-up the contaminated soil, groundwater and air emissions, highlighting their principles, advantages, deficiencies and the knowledge gaps. Challenges and strategies for removing different types of contaminants, mainly heavy metals and priority organic pollutants, are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saranya Kuppusamy
- CERAR-Centre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA, 5095, Australia
- CRC CARE-Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of Environment, 486, Salisbury South, SA, 5106, Australia
| | - Thavamani Palanisami
- CRC CARE-Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of Environment, 486, Salisbury South, SA, 5106, Australia
- GIER- Global Institute for Environmental Research, Faculty of Science and Information Technology, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Mallavarapu Megharaj
- CRC CARE-Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of Environment, 486, Salisbury South, SA, 5106, Australia.
- GIER- Global Institute for Environmental Research, Faculty of Science and Information Technology, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia.
| | - Kadiyala Venkateswarlu
- Formerly Department of Microbiology, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapur, 515055, India
| | - Ravi Naidu
- CRC CARE-Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of Environment, 486, Salisbury South, SA, 5106, Australia
- GIER- Global Institute for Environmental Research, Faculty of Science and Information Technology, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
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Soodan RK, Pakade YB, Nagpal A, Katnoria JK. Analytical techniques for estimation of heavy metals in soil ecosystem: A tabulated review. Talanta 2014; 125:405-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2014.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Revised: 02/15/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Christofoletti CA, Escher JP, Correia JE, Marinho JFU, Fontanetti CS. Sugarcane vinasse: environmental implications of its use. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2013; 33:2752-61. [PMID: 24084103 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2013.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2013] [Revised: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 09/04/2013] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The inadequate and indiscriminate disposal of sugarcane vinasse in soils and water bodies has received much attention since decades ago, due to environmental problems associated to this practice. Vinasse is the final by-product of the biomass distillation, mainly for the production of ethanol, from sugar crops (beet and sugarcane), starch crops (corn, wheat, rice, and cassava), or cellulosic material (harvesting crop residues, sugarcane bagasse, and wood). Because of the large quantities of vinasse produced, alternative treatments and uses have been developed, such as recycling of vinasse in fermentation, fertirrigation, concentration by evaporation, and yeast and energy production. This review was aimed at examining the available data on the subject as a contribution to update the information on sugarcane vinasse, from its characteristics and chemical composition to alternatives uses in Brazil: fertirrigation, concentration by evaporation, energy production; the effects on soil physical, chemical and biological properties; its influence on seed germination, its use as biostimulant and environmental contaminant. The low pH, electric conductivity, and chemical elements present in sugarcane vinasse may cause changes in the chemical and physical-chemical properties of soils, rivers, and lakes with frequent discharges over a long period of time, and also have adverse effects on agricultural soils and biota in general. Thus, new studies and green methods need to be developed aiming at sugarcane vinasse recycling and disposal.
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