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Adikesavan M, Athiraja P, Divakar MBB. Investigation on the Anticancer Activity of [6]-Gingerol of Zingiber officinale and its Structural Analogs against Skin Cancer. Curr Comput Aided Drug Des 2024; 20:367-373. [PMID: 37076965 DOI: 10.2174/1573409919666230418095105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer caused by the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells in the epidermis and the outermost skin layer. AIM This study aimed to study the anti-skin cancer potential of [6]-Gingerol and 21 related structural analogs using in vitro and in silico studies. METHODS The ethanolic crude extract of the selected plant was subjected to phytochemical and GC-MS analysis to confirm the presence of the [6]-gingerol. The anticancer activity of the extract was evaluated by MTT (3-[4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-y]-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay using the A431 human skin adenocarcinoma cell line. RESULTS The GC-MS analysis confirmed the presence of [6]-Gingerol compound, and its promising cytotoxicity IC50 was found at 81.46 ug/ml in the MTT assay. Furthermore, the in silico studies used [6]-Gingerol and 21 structural analogs collected from the PubChem database to investigate the anticancer potential and drug-likeliness properties. Skin cancer protein, DDX3X, was selected as a target that regulates all stages of RNA metabolism. It was docked with 22 compounds, including [6]-Gingerol and 21 structural analogs. The potent lead molecule was selected based on the lowest binding energy value. CONCLUSION Thus, the [6]-Gingerol and its structure analogs could be used as lead molecules against skin cancer and future drug development process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monisha Adikesavan
- Department of Biotechnology, Prathyusha Engineering College, Thiruvallur, 602025, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Praveena Athiraja
- Department of Biotechnology, Prathyusha Engineering College, Thiruvallur, 602025, Tamil Nadu, India
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Zhang H, Kim E, Yi J, Hai H, Kim H, Park S, Lim SG, Kim SY, Jang S, Kim K, Kim EK, Lee Y, Ryoo Z, Kim M. [6]-Gingerol Suppresses Oral Cancer Cell Growth by Inducing the Activation of AMPK and Suppressing the AKT/mTOR Signaling Pathway. In Vivo 2021; 35:3193-3201. [PMID: 34697150 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.12614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM [6]-Gingerol, a compound extracted from ginger, has been studied for its therapeutic potential in various types of cancers. However, its effects on oral cancer remain largely unknown. Here, we aimed to investigate the potential anticancer activity and underlying mechanisms of [6]-gingerol in oral cancer cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS We analyzed the antigrowth effects of [6]-gingerol in oral cancer cell lines by cell proliferation, colony formation, migration, and invasion assays. We detected cell cycle and apoptosis with flow cytometry and further explored the mechanisms of action by immunoblotting. RESULTS [6]-Gingerol significantly inhibited oral cancer cell growth by inducing apoptosis and cell cycle G2/M phase arrest. [6]-Gingerol also inhibited oral cancer cell migration and invasion by up-regulating E-cadherin and down-regulating N-cadherin and vimentin. Moreover, [6]-gingerol induced the activation of AMPK and suppressed the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway in YD10B and Ca9-22 cells. CONCLUSION [6]-Gingerol exerts anticancer activity by activating AMPK and suppressing the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway in oral cancer cells. Our findings highlight the potential of [6]-gingerol as a therapeutic drug for oral cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Zhang
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, ITRD, Kyungpook National University, Sangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Eungyung Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, ITRD, Kyungpook National University, Sangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Junkoo Yi
- Gyeongsangbukdo Livestock Institute Research, Yeongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Huang Hai
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, ITRD, Kyungpook National University, Sangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeonjin Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, ITRD, Kyungpook National University, Sangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sijun Park
- School of Life Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Geun Lim
- School of Life Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Si-Yong Kim
- School of Life Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyoung Jang
- School of Life Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Kirim Kim
- Department of Dental Hygiene, Kyungpook National University, Sangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Kyong Kim
- Department of Dental Hygiene, Kyungpook National University, Sangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngkyun Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Zaeyoung Ryoo
- School of Life Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea;
| | - Myoungok Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, ITRD, Kyungpook National University, Sangju, Republic of Korea;
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Bhaskar A, Kumari A, Singh M, Kumar S, Kumar S, Dabla A, Chaturvedi S, Yadav V, Chattopadhyay D, Prakash Dwivedi V. [6]-Gingerol exhibits potent anti-mycobacterial and immunomodulatory activity against tuberculosis. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 87:106809. [PMID: 32693356 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The currently available anti-tuberculosis treatment (ATT) comprises exclusively of anti-bacterial drugs, is very lengthy, has adverse side effects on the host and leads to the generation of drug-resistant variants. Therefore, a combination therapy directed against the pathogen and the host is required to counter tuberculosis (TB). Here we demonstrate that [6]-Gingerol, one of the most potent and pharmacologically active ingredients of ginger restricted mycobacterial growth inside the lungs, spleen and liver of mice infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). The spleen of [6]-Gingerol treated mice displayed increased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and enhanced Th1/Th17 responses confirming the immunomodulatory action of [6]-Gingerol. Finally, [6]-Gingerol displayed an excellent potential as an adjunct drug, along with front line anti-TB drug isoniazid. Interestingly, [6]-Gingerol displayed stark anti-tubercular activity against dormant/starved bacilli and drug-resistant variants of Mtb. Taken together, these results indicate strong prospects of [6]-Gingerol as an adjunct anti-mycobacterial and immunomodulatory drug for the treatment of drug-susceptible and drug-resistant strains of TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashima Bhaskar
- Signal Transduction Laboratory-1, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India.
| | - Anjna Kumari
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Mona Singh
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Santosh Kumar
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Suresh Kumar
- Signal Transduction Laboratory-1, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| | - Ankita Dabla
- Signal Transduction Laboratory-1, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| | - Shivam Chaturvedi
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Vinod Yadav
- Department of Microbiology, Central University of Haryana, Haryana, India
| | | | - Ved Prakash Dwivedi
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India.
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de Lima RMT, Dos Reis AC, de Oliveira Santos JV, de Oliveira Ferreira JR, de Oliveira Filho JWG, Soares Dias AC, de Menezes APM, da Mata AMOF, de Alencar MVOB, de Jesus Aguiar Dos Santos Andrade T, Jardim Paz MFC, do Nascimento Rodrigues DC, Ferreira PMP, de Castro E Sousa JM, Mishra SK, Islam MT, de Carvalho Melo-Cavalcante AA. Antitumoral effects of [6]-gingerol [(S)-5-hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3-decanone] in sarcoma 180 cells through cytogenetic mechanisms. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 126:110004. [PMID: 32145583 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND [6]-Gingerol [(S)-5-hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3-decanone] is a phenolic substance reported for several ethnopharmacological usage by virtue of its antioxidant, antiemetic, anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties. This study assessed the antitumoral effects of [6]-Gingerol in primary cells of Sarcoma 180 as well as in peripheral blood lymphocytes of mice. METHODS The effect of [6]-Gingerol was assessed by applying cytogenetic biomarkers as indicative of genotoxicity, mutagenicity and apoptosis. Ascitic liquid cells were treated with [6]-Gingerol at concentrations of 21.33, 42.66 and 85.33 μM and subjected to the cytotoxicity assays using Trypan blue test and the comet assay, as well as the cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay. Doxorubicin (6 μM) and hydrogen peroxide (85.33 μM) were used as positive controls. RESULTS [6]-Gingerol, especially at concentrations of 42.66 and 85.33 μM, showed notable cytotoxicity in Sarcoma 180 cells by reducing cell viability and cell division rates via induction of apoptosis. Genotoxicity at the concentrations used was punctuated by the increase in the index and frequency of DNA damage in tested groups. [6]-Gingerol, at all concentrations tested, did not induce significant aneugenic and/or clastogenic effects. It did, however, induced other nuclear abnormalities, such as nucleoplasmic bridges, nuclear buds and apoptosis. The genotoxic effects observed in the cotreatment with H2O2 (challenge assay) employing neoplastic and healthy cells, indicated that [6]-Gingerol may induce oxidative stress. CONCLUSIONS Observations suggest that [6]-Gingerol may be a candidate for pharmaceutical antitumoral formulations due to its cytotoxicity and to mechanisms associated with genetic instability generated by nuclear alterations especially by apoptosis.
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Wen J, Wang J, Li P, Wang R, Wang J, Zhou X, Zhang L, Li H, Wei S, Cai H, Zhao Y. Protective effects of higenamine combined with [6]-gingerol against doxorubicin-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and toxicity in H9c2 cells and potential mechanisms. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 115:108881. [PMID: 31028997 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.108881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Higenamine (HG) is a well-known selective activator of beta2-adrenergic receptor (β2-AR) with a positive inotropic effect. The present study showed that HG combined with [6]-gingerol (HG/[6]-GR) protects H9c2 cells from doxorubicin (DOX)-induced mitochondrial energy metabolism disorder and respiratory dysfunction. H9c2 cells were pretreated with HG/[6]-GR for 2 h before DOX treatment in all procedures. Cell viability was quantified by a cell counting kit‑8 assay. Cardiomyocyte morphology, proliferation, and mitochondrial function were detected by a high content screening (HCS) assay. Cell mitochondrial stress was measured by a Seahorse XFp analyzer. To further investigate the protective mechanism of HG/[6]-GR, mRNA and protein expression levels of PPARα/PGC-1α/Sirt3 pathway-related molecules were detected. The present data demonstrated that protective effects of HG/[6]-GR combination were presented in mitochondria, which increased cell viability, ameliorated DOX-induced mitochondrial dysfunction, increased mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate (OCR) and extracellular acidification rate (ECAR). Most importantly, the protective effects were abrogated by GW6471 (a PPARα inhibitor) and ameliorated by Wy14643 (a PPARα agonist). Moreover, the combined use of HG and [6]-GR exerted more profound protective effects than either drug as a single agent. In conclusion, the results suggested that HG/[6]-GR ameliorates DOX-induced mitochondrial energy metabolism disorder and respiratory function impairment in H9c2 cells, and it indicated that the protective mechanism may be related to upregulation of the PPARα/PGC-1α/Sirt3 pathway, which promotes mitochondrial energy metabolism and protects against heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxia Wen
- College of Pharmacy, Provincial and State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of System Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China; Department of Pharmacy, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Provincial and State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of System Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
| | - Pengyan Li
- China Military Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ruilin Wang
- Integrative Medical Center, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jiabo Wang
- China Military Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xuelin Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang University of Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haotian Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shizhang Wei
- Department of Pharmacy, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Huadan Cai
- Department of Pharmacy, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yanling Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
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de Lima RMT, Dos Reis AC, de Oliveira Santos JV, de Oliveira Ferreira JR, Lima Braga A, de Oliveira Filho JWG, de Menezes AAPM, da Mata AMOF, de Alencar MVOB, do Nascimento Rodrigues DC, Pinheiro Ferreira PM, de Jesus Aguiar Dos Santos Andrade T, Ramos Gonçalves JC, Carneiro da Silva FC, de Castro E Sousa JM, de Carvalho Melo Cavalcante AA. Toxic, cytogenetic and antitumor evaluations of [6]-gingerol in non-clinical in vitro studies. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 115:108873. [PMID: 31003079 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.108873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Gingerol - [6]-gingerol ((S)-5-hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3-decanone; [6]-G) - is a phenolic compound with several pharmacological properties. Herein, the aim of the study was to evaluate the toxicogenic effects of [6]-G on Artemia salina nauplii, Allium cepa, HL-60 cell line and Sarcoma 180 (S-180) ascitic fluid cells.For toxic and genotoxic analysis, it was used [6]-G concentrations of 5, 10, 20 and 40 μg mL-1. For cytotoxic evaluation using the MTT test (3- [4,5-dimethyl-thiazol-2-yl] -2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide), serial [6]-G dilutions (1.56-100 μg mL-1) were performed, and S-180, HL-60 and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were treated for 72 h. The IC50 of [6]-G were 1.14, 5.73 and 11.18 μg mL-1 for HL-60, S-180 and PBMC, respectively, indicating a possible selectivity against tumor cell lines. At higher concentrations (>10 μg mL-1), toxicity and genotoxicity were observed in the A. cepa test, especially at 40 μg mL-1. Mechanisms indicating apoptosis, such as toxicity, cytotoxicity and nuclear abnormalities (bridges, fragments, delays, loose chromosomes and micronuclei) suggest that [6]-G has potential for antitumor pharmaceutical formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosália Maria Tôrres de Lima
- Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, 64049-550, Brazil
| | - Antonielly Campinho Dos Reis
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, 64049-550, Brazil
| | - José Victor de Oliveira Santos
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, 64049-550, Brazil
| | | | - Antonio Lima Braga
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, 64049-550, Brazil
| | | | - Ag-Anne Pereira Melo de Menezes
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, 64049-550, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria Oliveira Ferreira da Mata
- Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, 64049-550, Brazil
| | | | | | - Paulo Michel Pinheiro Ferreira
- Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, 64049-550, Brazil; Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Laboratory of Experimental Cancerology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, 64049-550, Brazil
| | | | - Juan Carlos Ramos Gonçalves
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, 64049-550, Brazil
| | | | - João Marcelo de Castro E Sousa
- Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, 64049-550, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, 64049-550, Brazil; Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Piauí, Picos, Piauí, 64607-670, Brazil.
| | - Ana Amélia de Carvalho Melo Cavalcante
- Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, 64049-550, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, 64049-550, Brazil
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Zhang M, Peng Y, Wang M, Gao B, Zhao L, Li X. The influence of compatibility of Si-Ni decoction with metabolism in intestinal bacteria on transports of toxic diterpenoid alkaloids from processed aconite root across Caco-2 monolayers. J Ethnopharmacol 2019; 228:164-178. [PMID: 30223050 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE In traditional Chinese medicine, processed aconite root (lateral root of Aconitum carmichaelii Debx.) is used as the principle herb of the Si-Ni decoction (SND) formula due to its cardiotonic effect, while its cardiotoxicity and neurotoxicity caused by diester and monoester diterpenoid alkaloids are reduced by compatibility of dried ginger and honey-processed liquorice in SND. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the detoxification of processed aconite root by compatibility of SND from the perspective of intestinal absorption with metabolism in intestinal bacteria. MATERIALS AND METHODS Decoctions of processed aconite root (AD), processed aconite root and honey-processed liquorice (ALD), and SND with the same amount of each herb were prepared, then were incubated in human intestinal bacteria juice (IBJ) in vitro for different durations. Bidirectional transmembrane transports of these decoctions and their IBJ-incubated decoctions were conducted on Caco-2 monolayers. Correlation between efflux ratios changes of benzoylmesaconine, benzoylaconine, benzoylhypaconine (monoester-diterpenoid alkaloids, MDAs) and hypaconitine (diester-diterpenoid alkaloids) from processed aconite root, and metabolic trends of compounds from honey-processed liquorice and dried ginger were also performed. RESULTS The absorption of MDAs from processed aconite root was increased by combination with honey-processed liquorice in ALD, but they were decreased significantly by the addition of dried ginger in SND. Take benzoylhypaconine for example, the Papp, AP to BL soared from (3.13 ± 0.18) × 10-7 cm/s in AD to (23.32 ± 3.51) × 10-7 cm/s in ALD, while it dropped to (1.12 ± 0.17) × 10-7 cm/s in SND. When herb combined decoctions metabolised by intestinal bacteria for 12 h, the efflux ratio of benzoylhypaconine were both increased from 0.56 to 1.21 in ALD and from 1.10 to 2.61 in SND, which was correlative with the generation of davidigenin and glycyrrhetic acid (the metabolites of chalcones and pentacyclic triterpenoids from liquorice) in ALD and with the metabolism of [6]-gingerol (the major compound from dried ginger) in SND, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Compatibility of SND altered the intestinal absorption of toxic MDAs and hypaconitine from processed aconite root. In SND, dried ginger rather than honey-processed liquorice played the role of detoxification of these toxic compounds in the intestinal absorption. The intestinal detoxification of SND was significantly and strongly correlative with metabolism of dried ginger and honey-processed liquorice by intestinal bacteria, simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Ying Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Mengyue Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Beibei Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Lijuan Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Xiaobo Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China.
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Wang Q, Wei Q, Yang Q, Cao X, Li Q, Shi F, Tong SS, Feng C, Yu Q, Yu J, Xu X. A novel formulation of [6]-gingerol: Proliposomes with enhanced oral bioavailability and antitumor effect. Int J Pharm 2017; 535:308-315. [PMID: 29126908 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
[6]-Gingerol, one of the components of the rhizome of Ginger, has a variety of biological activities such as anticoagulant, antioxidative, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, antihypertensive, and so forth. However, as one of the homologous phenolic ketones, [6]-gingerol is insoluble in water which limits its applications. Herein, we prepared [6]-gingerol proliposomes through modified thin-film dispersion method, which was spherical or oval, and physicochemically stable with narrow size distribution. Surprisingly, in vitro release of [6]-gingerol loaded proliposome compared with the free [6]-gingerol was significantly higher and its oral bioavailability increased 5-fold in vivo. Intriguingly, its antitumor effect was enhanced in the liposome formulation. Thus, our prepared [6]-gingerol proliposome proved to be a novel formulation for [6]-gingerol, which significantly improved its antitumor effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qilong Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Center for Nano Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuyu Wei
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Center for Nano Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuxuan Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Center for Nano Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Xia Cao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Center for Nano Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Center for Nano Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Shi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Center for Nano Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Shan Shan Tong
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Center for Nano Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunlai Feng
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Center for Nano Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingtong Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Center for Nano Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiangnan Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Center for Nano Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ximing Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Center for Nano Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, People's Republic of China.
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Samad MB, Mohsin MNAB, Razu BA, Hossain MT, Mahzabeen S, Unnoor N, Muna IA, Akhter F, Kabir AU, Hannan JMA. [6]-Gingerol, from Zingiber officinale, potentiates GLP-1 mediated glucose-stimulated insulin secretion pathway in pancreatic β-cells and increases RAB8/RAB10-regulated membrane presentation of GLUT4 transporters in skeletal muscle to improve hyperglycemia in Lepr db/db type 2 diabetic mice. BMC Complement Altern Med 2017; 17:395. [PMID: 28793909 PMCID: PMC5550996 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-017-1903-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND [6]-Gingerol, a major component of Zingiber officinale, was previously reported to ameliorate hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetic mice. Endocrine signaling is involved in insulin secretion and is perturbed in db/db Type-2 diabetic mice. [6]-Gingerol was reported to restore the disrupted endocrine signaling in rodents. In this current study on Leprdb/db diabetic mice, we investigated the involvement of endocrine pathway in the insulin secretagogue activity of [6]-Gingerol and the mechanism(s) through which [6]-Gingerol ameliorates hyperglycemia. METHODS Leprdb/db type 2 diabetic mice were orally administered a daily dose of [6]-Gingerol (200 mg/kg) for 28 days. We measured the plasma levels of different endocrine hormones in fasting and fed conditions. GLP-1 levels were modulated using pharmacological approaches, and cAMP/PKA pathway for insulin secretion was assessed by qRT-PCR and ELISA in isolated pancreatic islets. Total skeletal muscle and its membrane fractions were used to measure glycogen synthase 1 level and Glut4 expression and protein levels. RESULTS 4-weeks treatment of [6]-Gingerol dramatically increased glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and improved glucose tolerance. Plasma GLP-1 was found to be significantly elevated in the treated mice. Pharmacological intervention of GLP-1 levels regulated the effect of [6]-Gingerol on insulin secretion. Mechanistically, [6]-Gingerol treatment upregulated and activated cAMP, PKA, and CREB in the pancreatic islets, which are critical components of GLP-1-mediated insulin secretion pathway. [6]-Gingerol upregulated both Rab27a GTPase and its effector protein Slp4-a expression in isolated islets, which regulates the exocytosis of insulin-containing dense-core granules. [6]-Gingerol treatment improved skeletal glycogen storage by increased glycogen synthase 1 activity. Additionally, GLUT4 transporters were highly abundant in the membrane of the skeletal myocytes, which could be explained by the increased expression of Rab8 and Rab10 GTPases that are responsible for GLUT4 vesicle fusion to the membrane. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our study reports that GLP-1 mediates the insulinotropic activity of [6]-Gingerol, and [6]-Gingerol treatment facilitates glucose disposal in skeletal muscles through increased activity of glycogen synthase 1 and enhanced cell surface presentation of GLUT4 transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Bin Samad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Bodiul Alam Razu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Sinayat Mahzabeen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Department of Pharmacy, BRAC University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Naziat Unnoor
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Ishrat Aklima Muna
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Farjana Akhter
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Ashraf Ul Kabir
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO USA
| | - J. M. A. Hannan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Department of Pharmacy, East West University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Sampath C, Rashid MR, Sang S, Ahmedna M. Specific bioactive compounds in ginger and apple alleviate hyperglycemia in mice with high fat diet-induced obesity via Nrf2 mediated pathway. Food Chem 2017; 226:79-88. [PMID: 28254022 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.01.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Prolonged hyperglycemia activates the formation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs). Major dicarbonyl compounds such as methylglyoxal or glyoxal are found to be the main precursors of AGEs and N(ε)-(carboxymethyl)lysine (CML) found to be predominantly higher in the diabetic population. We hypothesized that phloretin from apple and [6]-gingerol from ginger inhibit formation of AGEs and suppress the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) via nuclear factor erythroid-2-related-factor-2 (Nrf2)-dependent pathway. Phloretin and [6]-gingerol were supplemented at two different doses to C57BL/6 mice on high fat diet or standard diet for a period of 17weeks. Phloretin or [6]-gingerol supplementation significantly reduced plasma glucose, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, AGEs and insulin levels. Phloretin and [6]-gingerol also decreased the levels of AGEs and CML levels, via Nrf2 pathway, enhancing GSH/GSSG ratio, heme oxygenase-1 and glyoxalase 1 in liver tissue. These results suggest that phloretin and [6]-gingerol are potential dietary compounds that can alleviate diabetes-induced complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chethan Sampath
- Department of Human Nutrition, College of Health Sciences, Qatar University, Qatar
| | | | - Shengmin Sang
- Center for Excellence in Post-Harvest Technologies, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, NC 28081, United States
| | - Mohamed Ahmedna
- Department of Human Nutrition, College of Health Sciences, Qatar University, Qatar.
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11
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Lee JH, Kim Y, Yoon YE, Kim YJ, Oh SG, Jang JH, Kim E. Development of efficient adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated gene delivery system with a phytoactive material for targeting human melanoma cells. N Biotechnol 2017; 37:194-199. [PMID: 28179151 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2017.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
We exploited the emerging potential of gene therapy strategies to design a powerful therapeutic system that combines two key components-AAV vector and [6]-gingerol. In this study, we created an AAV2 construct expressing the proapoptotic protein BIM, which uses HSPG as its primary receptor, to target HSPG-overexpressing melanoma cells. This combination treatment showed promising results in vitro, inducing apoptosis in human melanoma cells. This new platform technology will make a significant contribution to numerous therapeutic applications, most notably for melanoma, including overcoming resistance to conventional anticancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Hwan Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, 222, Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoojin Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50, Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ye-Eun Yoon
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50, Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Jin Kim
- Skin Research Division, R&D Unit, AmorePacific Corporation, 1920, Yonggu-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Geun Oh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, 222, Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hyung Jang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50, Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunmi Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50, Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Skin Research Division, R&D Unit, AmorePacific Corporation, 1920, Yonggu-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.
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12
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Amri M, Touil-Boukoffa C. In vitro anti-hydatic and immunomodulatory effects of ginger and [6]-gingerol. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2016; 9:749-56. [PMID: 27569883 DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtm.2016.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2016] [Revised: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study in vitro anti-hydatic and immunomodulatory effects of ginger and [6]-gingerol as an alternative therapy for cystic echinococcosis. METHODS Effect of a commonly used herbal product and ginger (Zingiber officinale) towards protoscoleces (PSC) and cyst wall in vitro was studied. The effect of [6]-gingerol, and the pungent constituent of ginger, was also evaluated on PSC culture. Furthermore, the activity of both extracts in association with interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) on PSC co-cultured with mononuclear cells of hydatic patients was evaluated. The nitric oxide (NO) production was measured in each co-culture. RESULTS Ginger exhibited a concentration- and time-dependent cytotoxic effect against PSC and cyst wall. Interestingly, ginger was more effective than the [6]-gingerol. Moreover, additional parasitic effect between extracts and IFN-γ are also observed in co-cultures. Furthermore, both extracts attenuated the NO production elicited by this infection or by the IFN-γ. CONCLUSIONS Ginger has an important anti-hydatic effect in vitro. This effect is amplified in the presence of IFN-γ. Moreover, this herbal product may protect against host's cell death by reducing the high levels of NO. Ginger may act, at least, through the [6]-gingerol. All our data suggest the promising use of ginger in the treatment of Echinococcus granulosus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manel Amri
- University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene, Faculty of Biological Science, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Team 'Cytokines and NO Synthases', PB 32 El-Alia, Algiers 16111, Algeria
| | - Chafia Touil-Boukoffa
- University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene, Faculty of Biological Science, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Team 'Cytokines and NO Synthases', PB 32 El-Alia, Algiers 16111, Algeria.
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13
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Tzeng TF, Liou SS, Chang CJ, Liu IM. [6]-gingerol dampens hepatic steatosis and inflammation in experimental nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Phytomedicine 2015; 22:452-461. [PMID: 25925967 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2015.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Revised: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of [6]-gingerol ((S)-5-hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3-decanone) in experimental models of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. HepG2 cells were exposed to 500 µmol/l oleic acid (OA) for 24 h and preincubated for an additional 24 h with [6]-gingerol (25, 50 or 100 µmol/l). [6]-Gingerol (100 µmol/l) inhibited OA-induced triglyceride and inflammatory marker accumulation in HepG2 cells. After being fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 2 weeks, male golden hamsters were dosed orally with [6]-gingerol (25, 50 or 100 mg/kg/day) once daily for 8 weeks while maintained on HFD. [6]-Gingerol (100 mg/kg/day) alleviated liver steatosis, inflammation, and reversed plasma markers of metabolic syndrome in HFD-fed hamsters. The expression of inflammatory cytokine genes and nuclear transcription factor-κB (NF-κB) were increased in the HFD group; these effects were attenuated by [6]-gingerol. The hepatic mRNA expression of lipogenic genes such as liver X receptor-α, sterol regulating element binding protein-1c and its target genes including acetyl-CoA carboxylase, fatty acid synthase, stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1, and acyl-CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase 2 in HFD-fed hamsters was also blocked by [6]-gingerol. [6]-Gingerol may attenuate HFD-induced steatohepatitis by downregulating NF-κB-mediated inflammatory responses and reducing hepatic lipogenic gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thing-Fong Tzeng
- Department of Pharmacy and Graduate Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Tajen University, Yanpu Township, Pingtung County, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shorong-Shii Liou
- Department of Pharmacy and Graduate Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Tajen University, Yanpu Township, Pingtung County, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chia Ju Chang
- Department of Pharmacy and Graduate Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Tajen University, Yanpu Township, Pingtung County, Taiwan, ROC
| | - I-Min Liu
- Department of Pharmacy and Graduate Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Tajen University, Yanpu Township, Pingtung County, Taiwan, ROC .
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14
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Kumar NV, Murthy PS, Manjunatha JR, Bettadaiah BK. Synthesis and quorum sensing inhibitory activity of key phenolic compounds of ginger and their derivatives. Food Chem 2014; 159:451-7. [PMID: 24767081 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Revised: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Phenolic components of ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) viz. [6]-gingerol, [6]-shogaol and zingerone exhibited quorum sensing inhibitory activity (QSI) against Chromobacterium violaceum and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The inhibitory activity of all the compounds was studied by zone inhibition, pyocyanin, and violacein assay. All the compounds displayed good inhibition at 500ppm. [6]-Azashogaol, a new derivative of [6]-shogaol has been synthesized by Beckmann rearrangement of its oxime in the presence of ZnCl2. The structure elucidation of this new derivative was carried out by 1D ((1)H NMR and (13)C NMR) and 2D-NMR (COSY, HSQC and NOESY) spectral studies. This compound showed good QSI activity against P. aeruginosa. An isoxazoline derivative of [6]-gingerol was prepared and it exhibited good QSI activity. Present study illustrated that, the phenolic compounds of ginger and their derivatives form a class of compounds with promising QSI activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Vijendra Kumar
- Plantation Products, Spices and Flavour Technology Department, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore 570 020, India
| | - Pushpa S Murthy
- Plantation Products, Spices and Flavour Technology Department, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore 570 020, India
| | - J R Manjunatha
- Plantation Products, Spices and Flavour Technology Department, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore 570 020, India
| | - B K Bettadaiah
- Plantation Products, Spices and Flavour Technology Department, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore 570 020, India.
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15
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Swapna Sonale R, Kadimi US. Characterization of gingerol analogues in supercritical carbon dioxide (SC CO2) extract of ginger (Zingiber officinale, R.,). J Food Sci Technol 2012; 51:3383-9. [PMID: 26396335 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-012-0851-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 09/04/2012] [Accepted: 09/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Organically grown ginger rhizome (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) SC CO2 extract obtained at 280 bar and 40 °C and its column chromatographic fractions are characterised for its composition. The components in the extract and fractions are identified by HPLC and LC based MS and are used as standard for the estimation of gingerol analogues in the extract. HPLC and mass analysis of the extracts confirmed the various forms of gingerol constituents [4]-, [6]-, [10]-gingerols and [6]-, [8]-, [10]-shogaols in ginger extracts. SC CO2 extract of organic ginger was found to show 6-gingerol around 25.97 % of total extract. The estimation of [6]-gingerol, [6]-shogaols, [4]gingerol, [10]-gingerol and 6-gingediol content of the SC CO2 purified ginger extract was found to be 75.92 ± 1.14, 1.25 ± 0.04, 4.54 ± 0.04, 13.15 ± 0.30 and 0.37 ± 0.00 % respectively. Antioxidant activity was measured by 2, 2-diphenyl-1-pycryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and the assay have shown 652 ± 0.37 mg TE/g and 3.68 ± 0.18 mg TE/100 g respectively, are significantly higher results with SC CO2 organic ginger extract. Paradol analogues are not detected in this study. Small quantities of [4]-, [10]gingediol and [6]-gingediacetate are also found in ginger extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Swapna Sonale
- Food Engineering Department, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, 570020 India
| | - Udaya Sankar Kadimi
- Food Engineering Department, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, 570020 India
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