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Lopes EDS, Ferreira Santaren KC, Araujo de Souza LC, Parente CET, Picão RC, Jurelevicius DDA, Seldin L. Cross-environmental cycling of antimicrobial resistance in agricultural areas fertilized with poultry litter: A one health approach. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 363:125177. [PMID: 39447633 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.125177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2024] [Revised: 10/08/2024] [Accepted: 10/21/2024] [Indexed: 10/26/2024]
Abstract
Poultry litter, commonly used as an organic fertilizer, can contain antimicrobial residues, resistant bacteria, and/or antimicrobial resistance genes. After application to soil, these contaminants can reach crops and be transported to aquatic systems through leaching and runoff. Once in water bodies, they can return to soil and crops through irrigation, establishing a cycle that promotes the selection, spread and persistence of antimicrobial resistance. To investigate the hypothesis of a cyclical event, samples of poultry litter, cultivable soil fertilized with this organic residue, rhizosphere soil from Sechium edule (chayote), water, and sediments from irrigation ponds were collected across two agricultural and poultry-producing areas during the dry and rainy seasons. Clinically significant bacteria, especially bacteria belonging to the Enterobacteriaceae family, were isolated. Fifty-three strains exhibited one or more antimicrobial resistance genes, as detected by PCR amplification, including those conferring resistance to sulfonamides (sul1 and sul2), fluoroquinolones (qnrB, qnrA, and qnrS), and β-lactams (blaGES, blaTEM, blaSHV, blaCTX-M-1/2,blaCTX-M-8, and blaCTX-M-14). Genes encoding integrases related to class-1 and 2 integrons (intI1 and intI2) were also observed. A rare occurrence of the blaGES gene was observed in Stenotrophomonas sp. and Brevundimonas sp. Strains of Escherichia sp. were multidrug resistant. Sequencing of the 16S rRNA encoding gene indicated unique operational taxonomic units (OTUs) originating from poultry litter and found in the soil, rhizosphere, water, and sediment, highlighting the dissemination of this material across agricultural substrates. These findings strongly suggest the spread of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in agricultural environments, posing potential risks to both human and animal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliene Dos Santos Lopes
- Laboratório de Genética Microbiana, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil
| | - Karen Caroline Ferreira Santaren
- Laboratório de Genética Microbiana, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil
| | - Larissa Coutinho Araujo de Souza
- Laboratório de Genética Microbiana, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil
| | | | - Renata Cristina Picão
- Laboratório de Investigação em Microbiologia Médica, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, UFRJ, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Lucy Seldin
- Laboratório de Genética Microbiana, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil.
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Heng H, Yang X, Zhang H, Sun R, Ye L, Li J, Chan EWC, Zhang R, Chen S. Early detection of OXA-232-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in China predating its global emergence. Microbiol Res 2024; 282:127672. [PMID: 38447456 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2024.127672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is a global health issue, with Klebsiella pneumoniae (KP) posing a particular threat due to its ability to acquire resistance to multiple drug classes rapidly. OXA-232 is a carbapenemase that confers resistance to carbapenems, a class of antibiotics often used as a last resort for treating severe bacterial infections. The study reports the earliest known identification of six OXA-232-producing KP strains that were isolated in Zhejiang, China, in 2008 and 2009 within a hospital, two years prior to the first reported identification of OXA-232 in France. The four KP strains carry the OXA-232 gene and exhibit hypervirulent loci, suggesting a broader temporal and geographical spread and integration of this resistance and virulence than previously recognized with implications for public health. Global analysis of all OXA-232-bearing KP strains revealed that OXA-232-encoding plasmids are conservative, while the strains were very diverse suggesting the plasmid mediated transmission of this carbapenemase genes. Importantly, a large proportion of the OXA-232-bearing KP strains also carried virulence plasmids, in particular the recent emergence of ST15 type of KP that carried both OXA-232-encoding plasmids and hypervirulent (hv) plasmids in China since 2019, highlighting the importance of the emergence of this type of KP strains in clinical setting. The early detection and investigations of OXA-232 in these strains warrants the retrospective studies to uncover the true timeline of antibiotic resistance spread, which could provide valuable insights for shaping future strategies to tackle the global health crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Heng
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; State Key Lab of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery and the Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Xuemei Yang
- State Key Lab of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery and the Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Food Biological Safety Control, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Haoshuai Zhang
- State Key Lab of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery and the Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Food Biological Safety Control, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ruanyang Sun
- State Key Lab of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery and the Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Food Biological Safety Control, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lianwei Ye
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; State Key Lab of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery and the Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Edward Wai-Chi Chan
- State Key Lab of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery and the Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Rong Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Sheng Chen
- State Key Lab of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery and the Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Food Biological Safety Control, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China.
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Lopes ES, Parente CET, Picão RC, Seldin L. Irrigation Ponds as Sources of Antimicrobial-Resistant Bacteria in Agricultural Areas with Intensive Use of Poultry Litter. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:1650. [PMID: 36421294 PMCID: PMC9686582 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11111650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Poultry litter is widely used worldwide as an organic fertilizer in agriculture. However, poultry litter may contain high concentrations of antibiotics and/or antimicrobial-resistant bacteria (ARB), which can be mobilized through soil erosion to water bodies, contributing to the spread of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) in the environment. To better comprehend this kind of mobilization, the bacterial communities of four ponds used for irrigation in agricultural and poultry production areas were determined in two periods of the year: at the beginning (low volume of rainfall) and at the end of the rainy season (high volume of rainfall). 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed not only significantly different bacterial community structures and compositions among the four ponds but also between the samplings. When the DNA obtained from the water samples was PCR amplified using primers for ARGs, those encoding integrases (intI1) and resistance to sulfonamides (sul1 and sul2) and β-lactams (blaGES, blaTEM and blaSHV) were detected in three ponds. Moreover, bacterial strains were isolated from CHROMagar plates supplemented with sulfamethoxazole, ceftriaxone or ciprofloxacin and identified as belonging to clinically important Enterobacteriaceae. The results presented here indicate a potential risk of spreading ARB through water resources in agricultural areas with extensive fertilization with poultry litter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliene S. Lopes
- Laboratório de Genética Microbiana, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Cláudio E. T. Parente
- Laboratório de Radioisótopos Eduardo Penna Franca, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Renata C. Picão
- Laboratório de Investigação em Microbiologia Médica, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Lucy Seldin
- Laboratório de Genética Microbiana, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
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High Carriage of Extended-Spectrum, Beta Lactamase-Producing, and Colistin-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae in Tibetan Outpatients with Diarrhea. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11040508. [PMID: 35453259 PMCID: PMC9032258 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11040508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic-resistance genes (ARGs) have been detected in human-impacted habitats, especially in densely populated cities. The Qinghai–Tibet Plateau is located far from the heavily populated regions of China, and Tibetan residents have distinct dietary habits and gut microbes. Antibiotic-resistance monitoring in the Tibetan population is rare. Here, we collected stool samples from Tibetan outpatients with diarrhea. From 59 samples, 48 antibiotic-resistant Enterobacteriaceae isolates were obtained, including 19 extended-spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL)-producing isolates from 16 patients and 29 polymyxin-resistant isolates from 22 patients. Either ESBL or mcr genes were found in 17 Escherichia coli isolates, approximately 58.8% of which were multidrug-resistant, and ten incompatible plasmid types were found. The gene blaCTX-M was a common genotype in the ESBL-producing E. coli isolates. Four E. coli isolates contained mcr-1. The same mcr-1-carrying plasmid was found in distinct E. coli isolates obtained from the same sample, thus confirming horizontal transmission of mcr-1 between bacteria. Genomic clustering of E. coli isolates obtained from Lhasa, with strains from other regions providing evidence of clone spreading. Our results reveal a strong presence of ARB and ARGs in Tibetan outpatients with diarrhea, implying that ARB and ARGs should be monitored in the Tibetan population.
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Furlan JPR, Dos Santos LDR, Ramos MS, Gallo IFL, Moretto JAS, Stehling EG. Occurrence of clinically relevant antimicrobial resistance genes, including mcr-3 and mcr-7.1, in soil and water from a recreation club. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2022; 32:819-828. [PMID: 32735122 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2020.1799953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We researched clinically relevant antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) in environmental samples from a recreation club in Brazil. A total of 172 amplicons (105 from soil and 67 from water) of 26 ARGs (20 among the soil and water samples; four only in soil samples; two only in water samples) were detected. Nine MGEs were detected, including plasmids and class 1 integron. The absolute abundance of the mcr-3 gene ranged from 1.12 × 102 to 1.81 × 103 copies/mL-1 in water samples. The rapid spread of mcr-like genes in several sources has generated a huge concern to public health. Accordingly, understanding of antimicrobial resistance, carry out surveillance studies may contribute to tackle antimicrobial resistance. As the environmental samples were collected from a popular recreation club in Brazil, this study points out to the risk and exposure to clinically relevant ARGs, especially to mcr-3 and mcr-7.1 genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Pedro Rueda Furlan
- Departamento De Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas E Bromatológicas, Faculdade De Ciências Farmacêuticas De Ribeirão Preto, Universidade De São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brasil
| | - Lucas David Rodrigues Dos Santos
- Departamento De Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas E Bromatológicas, Faculdade De Ciências Farmacêuticas De Ribeirão Preto, Universidade De São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brasil
| | - Micaela Santana Ramos
- Departamento De Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas E Bromatológicas, Faculdade De Ciências Farmacêuticas De Ribeirão Preto, Universidade De São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brasil
| | - Inara Fernanda Lage Gallo
- Departamento De Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas E Bromatológicas, Faculdade De Ciências Farmacêuticas De Ribeirão Preto, Universidade De São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brasil
| | - Jéssica Aparecida Silva Moretto
- Departamento De Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas E Bromatológicas, Faculdade De Ciências Farmacêuticas De Ribeirão Preto, Universidade De São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brasil
| | - Eliana Guedes Stehling
- Departamento De Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas E Bromatológicas, Faculdade De Ciências Farmacêuticas De Ribeirão Preto, Universidade De São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brasil
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Dankittipong N, Fischer EAJ, Swanenburg M, Wagenaar JA, Stegeman AJ, de Vos CJ. Quantitative Risk Assessment for the Introduction of Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) into Dutch Livestock Farms. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:281. [PMID: 35203883 PMCID: PMC8868399 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11020281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Early detection of emerging carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) in food-producing animals is essential to control the spread of CPE. We assessed the risk of CPE introduction from imported livestock, livestock feed, companion animals, hospital patients, and returning travelers into livestock farms in The Netherlands, including (1) broiler, (2) broiler breeder, (3) fattening pig, (4) breeding pig, (5) farrow-to-finish pig, and (6) veal calf farms. The expected annual number of introductions was calculated from the number of farms exposed to each CPE source and the probability that at least one animal in an exposed farm is colonized. The total number of farms with CPE colonization was estimated to be the highest for fattening pig farms, whereas the probability of introduction for an individual farm was the highest for broiler farms. Livestock feed and imported livestock are the most likely sources of CPE introduction into Dutch livestock farms. Sensitivity analysis indicated that the number of fattening pig farms determined the number of high introductions in fattening pigs from feed, and that uncertainty on CPE prevalence impacted the absolute risk estimate for all farm types. The results of this study can be used to inform risk-based surveillance for CPE in livestock farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natcha Dankittipong
- Department Population Health Sciences, Farm Animal Health, Utrecht University, Martinus G. de Bruingebouw, Yalelaan 7, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands; (E.A.J.F.); (A.J.S.)
| | - Egil A. J. Fischer
- Department Population Health Sciences, Farm Animal Health, Utrecht University, Martinus G. de Bruingebouw, Yalelaan 7, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands; (E.A.J.F.); (A.J.S.)
| | - Manon Swanenburg
- Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Wageningen University & Research, Houtribweg 39, 8221 RA Lelystad, The Netherlands; (M.S.); (C.J.d.V.)
| | - Jaap A. Wagenaar
- Department Biomolecular Health Science, Infectious Diseases & Immunology, Utrecht University, Androclusgebouw, Yalelaan 1, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands;
| | - Arjan J. Stegeman
- Department Population Health Sciences, Farm Animal Health, Utrecht University, Martinus G. de Bruingebouw, Yalelaan 7, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands; (E.A.J.F.); (A.J.S.)
| | - Clazien J. de Vos
- Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Wageningen University & Research, Houtribweg 39, 8221 RA Lelystad, The Netherlands; (M.S.); (C.J.d.V.)
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Anthropogenic Activities and the Problem of Antibiotic Resistance in Latin America: A Water Issue. WATER 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/w13192693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotics revolutionized modern medicine and have been an excellent tool to fight infections. However, their overuse and misuse in different human activities such as health care, food production and agriculture has resulted in a global antimicrobial resistance crisis. Some regions such as Latin America present a more complex scenario because of the lack of resources, systematic studies and legislation to control the use of antimicrobials, thus increasing the spread of antibiotic resistance. This review aims to summarize the state of environmental antibiotic resistance in Latin America, focusing on water resources. Three databases were searched to identify publications on antimicrobial resistance and anthropogenic activities in relation to natural and artificial water ecosystems. We found that antibiotic resistant bacteria, mainly against beta lactam antibiotics, have been reported in several Latin American countries, and that resistant bacteria as well as resistant genes can be isolated from a wide variety of aquatic environments, including drinking, surface, irrigation, sea and wastewater. It is urgent to establish policies and regulations for antibiotic use to prevent the increase of multi-drug resistant microorganisms in the environment.
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Lee S, An JU, Guk JH, Song H, Yi S, Kim WH, Cho S. Prevalence, Characteristics and Clonal Distribution of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase- and AmpC β-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli Following the Swine Production Stages, and Potential Risks to Humans. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:710747. [PMID: 34367116 PMCID: PMC8334370 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.710747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The worldwide spread of extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)- and AmpC β-lactamase (AmpC)-producing Escherichia coli poses serious threats to public health. Swine farms have been regarded as important reservoirs of ESBL/AmpC-EC. This study aimed to determine the prevalence, ESBL/AmpC types, and clonal distribution of ESBL/AmpC-EC from swine farms and analyze the difference according to the swine production stages. In addition, we evaluated the potential risks of swine ESBL/AmpC-EC clones to humans. Individual fecal samples (n = 292) were collected from weaning, growing, finishing, and pregnant pigs in nine swine farms of South Korea between July 2017 and March 2020. In total, 161 ESBL/AmpC-EC isolates were identified (55.1%), with the highest prevalence detected in the weaning stage (86.3%). The dominant ESBL and AmpC types were CTX-M-55 (69.6%) and CMY-2 (4.3%), respectively. CTX-M found in all production stages, while CMY was only found in growing and finishing stages. In the conjugation assay, the high transferability of CTX-M gene (55.8%) was identified, while the transfer of CMY gene was not identified. The major clonal complexes (CCs) were CC101-B1 (26.8%), CC10-A (8.7%), and CC648-F (2.9%). There was similarity in clonal distribution between different swine production stages within swine farms, estimated using the k-means analysis, which suggested a clonal transmission between the different swine stages. Among swine ESBL/AmpC-EC sequence types (STs), seven STs (ST101, ST10, ST648, ST457, ST410, ST617, and ST744) were common with the human ESBL/AmpC-EC, which registered in National Center for Biotechnology Information database. The clonal population structure analysis based on the virulence factor (VF) presented that swine ESBL/AmpC-EC clones, especially ST101-B1, harbored a highly virulent profile. In conclusion, ESBL/AmpC-EC was distributed throughout the swine production stages, with the highest prevalence in the weaning stage. The CTX-M was present in all stages, while CMY was mostly found in growing-finishing stages. The swine ESBL/AmpC-EC was identified to harbor shared clone types with human ESBL/AmpC-EC and a virulent profile posing potential risk to humans. Considering the possibility of genetic and clonal distribution of ESBL/AmpC-EC among swine production stages, this study suggests the need for strategies considering the production system to control the prevalence of ESBL/AmpC-EC in swine farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soomin Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae-Uk An
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae-Ho Guk
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyokeun Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Saehah Yi
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Woo-Hyun Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seongbeom Cho
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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Moretto VT, Cordeiro SM, Bartley PS, Silva LK, Ponce-Terashima R, Reis MG, Blanton RE, Barbosa LM. Antimicrobial-resistant enterobacteria in surface waters with fecal contamination from urban and rural communities. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2021; 54:S0037-86822021000100631. [PMID: 33681934 PMCID: PMC8008923 DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0724-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Inadequate wastewater treatment and fecal contamination have a strong environmental impact on antimicrobial resistance (AMR). This study evaluated the profile of AMR enterobacteria and fecal contamination from four surface waters: Jiquiriça-Brejões River and Cabrito, Tororó, and Abaeté Lagoons. METHODS: We analyzed AMR β-lactamase genes using the polymerase chain reaction method and fecal contamination using Coliscan®. RESULTS: We found high levels of fecal contamination, β-lactamase producers, and AMR genes (blaOXA-48, blaSPM, and blaVIM) in all waterbodies. CONCLUSIONS: Poor sanitation evidenced by fecal contamination and human activities around these surface waters contributed to the distribution and increase in AMR enterobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Tibolla Moretto
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Laboratório de Patologia e Biologia Celular, Salvador, BA, Brasil
| | | | | | - Luciano Kalabric Silva
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Laboratório de Patologia e Biologia Celular, Salvador, BA, Brasil
| | - Rafael Ponce-Terashima
- Mercer University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Macon, Georgia, USA
| | - Mitermayer Galvão Reis
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Laboratório de Patologia e Biologia Celular, Salvador, BA, Brasil.,Universidade Federal da Bahia, Faculdade de Medicina, Salvador, BA, Brasil.,Yale University, School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Ronald Edward Blanton
- Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Department of Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Lúcio Macedo Barbosa
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Laboratório de Patologia e Biologia Celular, Salvador, BA, Brasil.,Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública, Salvador, BA, Brasil
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10
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Böger B, Surek M, Vilhena RDO, Fachi MM, Junkert AM, Santos JM, Domingos EL, Cobre ADF, Momade DR, Pontarolo R. Occurrence of antibiotics and antibiotic resistant bacteria in subtropical urban rivers in Brazil. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 402:123448. [PMID: 32688189 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of antibiotics in the natural environment has been a growing issue and correlations between this presence and developing resistance bacteria are explored. The purpose of this study was to investigate the presence of antibiotics of different classes and associated resistant bacteria, in water samples taken from urban river waters in Curitiba, Brazil. A method for the quantification of antibiotics (azithromycin, amoxicillin, norfloxacin ciprofloxacin, doxycycline and sulfamethoxazole) was developed and validated using liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. To investigate and identify coliforms resistant to these antibiotics, we performed selective microbiological culturing techniques. We detected antibiotics in our water samples; concentrations ranged from 0.13 to 4.63 μg L-1, with the highest being amoxicillin at 4.63 μg L-1. In all water samples this study, antibiotic resistant bacteria were detected. Escherichia coli was resistant to amoxicillin, norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, doxycycline and sulfamethoxazole. Strains producing β-lactamase with extended spectrum (ESBL and AmpC) were also found in these isolates. Enterococcus spp. displayed resistance to norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin, and some isolates were resistant to vancomycin, gentamicin and streptomycin (complementary tests). No P. aeruginosa resistant strains were observed. It is possible these antibiotics came from domestic effluents and may be contributing to the spread of bacterial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Böger
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Post-Graduate Program, Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil.
| | - Monica Surek
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Post-Graduate Program, Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil.
| | - Raquel de O Vilhena
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Post-Graduate Program, Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil.
| | - Mariana M Fachi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Post-Graduate Program, Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil.
| | - Allan M Junkert
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Post-Graduate Program, Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil.
| | - Josiane Mmf Santos
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Post-Graduate Program, Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil.
| | - Eric L Domingos
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Post-Graduate Program, Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil.
| | - Alexandre de F Cobre
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Post-Graduate Program, Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil.
| | - Danilo R Momade
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Post-Graduate Program, Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil.
| | - Roberto Pontarolo
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Post-Graduate Program, Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil.
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11
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Dias MF, da Rocha Fernandes G, Cristina de Paiva M, Christina de Matos Salim A, Santos AB, Amaral Nascimento AM. Exploring the resistome, virulome and microbiome of drinking water in environmental and clinical settings. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 174:115630. [PMID: 32105997 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.115630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic ecosystems harbor a vast pool of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), which can suffer mutation, recombination and selection events. Here, we explored the diversity of ARGs, virulence factors and the bacterial community composition in water samples before (surface raw water, RW) and after (disinfected water, DW) drinking water conventional treatment, as well as in tap water (TW) and ultrafiltration membranes (UM, recovered from hemodialysis equipment) through metagenomics. A total of 852 different ARGs were identified, 21.8% of them only in RW, which might reflect the impact of human activities on the river at the sampling point. Although a similar resistance profile has been observed between the samples, significant differences in the frequency of clinically relevant antibiotic classes (penam and peptide) were identified. Resistance determinants to last resort antibiotics, including sequences related to mcr, optrA and poxtA and clinically relevant beta-lactamase genes (i.e. blaKPC, blaGES, blaIMP, blaVIM, blaSPM and blaNDM) were detected. 830 coding sequences (CDSs - related to 217 different ARGs) were embedded in contigs associated with mobile genetic elements, specially plasmids, of which 68% in RW, DW and TW, suggesting the importance of water environments in resistance dissemination. Shifts in bacterial pathogens genera were observed, such as a significant increase in Mycobacterium after treatment and distribution. In UM, the potentially pathogenic genus Halomonas predominated. Its draft genome was closely related to H. stevensii, hosting mainly multidrug efflux pumps. These results broaden our understanding of the global ARGs diversity and stress the importance of tracking the ever-expanding environmental resistome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela França Dias
- Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Alexandre Bueno Santos
- Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Andréa Maria Amaral Nascimento
- Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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12
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Furlan JPR, Dos Santos LDR, Ramos MS, Gallo IFL, Stehling EG. Fecal cultivable aerobic microbiota of dairy cows and calves acting as reservoir of clinically relevant antimicrobial resistance genes. Braz J Microbiol 2020; 51:1377-1382. [PMID: 32246396 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-020-00265-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance has become a global threat to public health since multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria have been reported worldwide carrying different antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs), and animals have been described as a reservoir of ARGs. The presence of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria and ARGs in the food matrix is a risk to public health. This study aimed to research the presence of clinically relevant ARGs for important antimicrobials and genetic elements in fecal samples from dairy cows and calves on a Brazilian farm. In this study, a total of 21 fecal samples were collected, and then, the DNA of cultivable aerobic bacteria was extracted. Fifty-seven ARGs and twenty-three genetic elements were researched by PCR and confirmed by sequencing. Several ARGs that confer resistance to β-lactams, tetracyclines, fluoroquinolones, sulphonamides, phenicols, aminoglycoside, glycopeptides, and macrolides were detected. A total of 200 amplicons from 23 ARGs (blaCTX-M-Gp2, blaCMY, blaSHV, tetA, tetB, tetC, qepA, qnrB, qnrS, oqxA, oqxB, vanC1, vanC2/3, aadA, sul1, sul2, sul3, ermB, mefAE, floR, cmlA, aadA, aph(3')-Ia, aac(3')-Ia), and 145 amplicons from 12 genetic elements (IncF, IncFIA, IncFIB, IncI1, IncY, IncU, IncK, IncP, IncR, IncHI1, ColE-like, intI1) were detected. The results presented in this study call attention to the monitoring of antimicrobial resistance in dairy farms worldwide. MDR bacteria and ARGs can spread to different sources, including milk products, which are one of the most consumed products worldwide, representing a potential risk to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Pedro Rueda Furlan
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Lucas David Rodrigues Dos Santos
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Micaela Santana Ramos
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Inara Fernanda Lage Gallo
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Eliana Guedes Stehling
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
- , Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
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Reichert G, Hilgert S, Fuchs S, Azevedo JCR. Emerging contaminants and antibiotic resistance in the different environmental matrices of Latin America. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 255:113140. [PMID: 31541833 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
This review aims to gather and summarize information about the occurrence of emerging contaminants and antibiotic resistance genes in environmental matrices in Latin America. We aim to contribute to future research by compiling a list of priority pollutants adjusted to the needs and characteristics of Latin America, according to the data presented in this study. In order to perform a comprehensive research and secure a representative and unbiased amount of quality data concerning emerging contaminants in Latin America, the research was performed within the Scopus® database in a time frame from 2000 to July 2019. The countries with higher numbers of published articles were Brazil and México, while most studies were performed in the surroundings of Mexico City and in Southern and Southeastern Brazil. The main investigated environmental matrices were drinking water and surface water. The presence of antibiotic resistance was frequently reported, mainly in Brazil. Monitoring efforts should be performed in other countries in Latin America, as well as in other regions of Brazil and México. The suggested priority list for monitoring of emerging contaminants in Latin America covers: di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), bisphenol-A (BP-A), 4-nonylphenol (4-NP), triclosan (TCS), estrone (E1), estradiol (E2), ethinylestradiol (EE2), tetracycline (TC), amoxicillin (AMOX), norfloxacin (NOR), ampicillin (AMP) and imipenem (IMP). We hope this list serves as a basis for the orientation of the future research and monitoring projects to better understand the distribution and concentration of the listed emerging substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Reichert
- Department of Hydraulics and Sanitation, Federal University of Parana, Av. Coronel Francisco Heráclito dos Santos, 210, 81531-980, Curitiba PR, Brazil; Capes Foundation, Ministry of Education of Brazil, Brasilia, 70040-020, DF, Brazil.
| | - Stephan Hilgert
- Institute for Water and River Basin Management, Department of Aquatic Environmental Engineering, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Gotthard-Franz-Str. 3, Building 50.31, 3rd Floor, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Stephan Fuchs
- Institute for Water and River Basin Management, Department of Aquatic Environmental Engineering, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Gotthard-Franz-Str. 3, Building 50.31, 3rd Floor, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Júlio César Rodrigues Azevedo
- Department of Hydraulics and Sanitation, Federal University of Parana, Av. Coronel Francisco Heráclito dos Santos, 210, 81531-980, Curitiba PR, Brazil; Capes Foundation, Ministry of Education of Brazil, Brasilia, 70040-020, DF, Brazil; Department of Chemistry and Biology, Federal Technology University of Paraná, Rua Deputado Heitor Alencar Furtado, 5000, 81280-340, Curitiba PR, Brazil
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Guzman-Otazo J, Gonzales-Siles L, Poma V, Bengtsson-Palme J, Thorell K, Flach CF, Iñiguez V, Sjöling Å. Diarrheal bacterial pathogens and multi-resistant enterobacteria in the Choqueyapu River in La Paz, Bolivia. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0210735. [PMID: 30640938 PMCID: PMC6331111 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0210735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Water borne diarrheal pathogens might accumulate in river water and cause contamination of drinking and irrigation water. The La Paz River basin, including the Choqueyapu River, flows through La Paz city in Bolivia where it is receiving sewage, and residues from inhabitants, hospitals, and industry. Using quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR), we determined the quantity and occurrence of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC), Salmonella enterica, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Shigella spp. and total enterobacteria in river water, downstream agricultural soil, and irrigated crops, during one year of sampling. The most abundant and frequently detected genes were gapA and eltB, indicating presence of enterobacteria and enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) carrying the heat labile toxin, respectively. Pathogen levels in the samples were significantly positively associated with high water conductivity and low water temperature. In addition, a set of bacterial isolates from water, soil and crops were analyzed by PCR for presence of the genes blaCTX-M, blaKPC, blaNDM, blaVIM and blaOXA-48. Four isolates were found to be positive for blaCTX-M genes and whole genome sequencing identified them as E. coli and one Enterobacter cloacae. The E. coli isolates belonged to the emerging, globally disseminated, multi-resistant E. coli lineages ST648, ST410 and ST162. The results indicate not only a high potential risk of transmission of diarrheal diseases by the consumption of contaminated water and vegetables but also the possibility of antibiotic resistance transfer from the environment to the community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Guzman-Otazo
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, La Paz, Bolivia
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| | - Lucia Gonzales-Siles
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Violeta Poma
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, La Paz, Bolivia
| | - Johan Bengtsson-Palme
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Centre for Antibiotic Resistance Research (CARe) at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States of America
| | - Kaisa Thorell
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Carl-Fredrik Flach
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Centre for Antibiotic Resistance Research (CARe) at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Volga Iñiguez
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, La Paz, Bolivia
| | - Åsa Sjöling
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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15
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The β-Lactamase Gene Profile and a Plasmid-Carrying Multiple Heavy Metal Resistance Genes of Enterobacter cloacae. Int J Genomics 2018; 2018:4989602. [PMID: 30671441 PMCID: PMC6317114 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4989602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, by high-throughput sequencing, antibiotic resistance genes, including class A (blaCTX-M, blaZ, blaTEM, blaVEB, blaKLUC, and blaSFO), class C (blaSHV, blaDHA, blaMIR, blaAZECL-29, and blaACT), and class D (blaOXA) β-lactamase genes, were identified among the pooled genomic DNA from 212 clinical Enterobacter cloacae isolates. Six blaMIR-positive E. cloacae strains were identified, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) showed that these strains were not clonally related. The complete genome of the blaMIR-positive strain (Y546) consisted of both a chromosome (4.78 Mb) and a large plasmid pY546 (208.74 kb). The extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) (blaSHV-12 and blaCTX-M-9a) and AmpC (blaMIR) were encoded on the chromosome, and the pY546 plasmid contained several clusters of genes conferring resistance to metals, such as copper (pco), arsenic (ars), tellurite (ter), and tetrathionate (ttr), and genes encoding many divalent cation transporter proteins. The comparative genomic analyses of the whole plasmid sequence and of the heavy metal resistance gene-encoding regions revealed that the plasmid sequences of Klebsiella pneumoniae (such as pKPN-332, pKPN-3967, and pKPN-262) shared the highest similarity with those of pY546. It may be concluded that a variety of β-lactamase genes present in E. cloacae which confer resistance to β-lactam antibiotics and the emergence of plasmids carrying heavy metal resistance genes in clinical isolates are alarming and need further surveillance.
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Sanchez DG, de Melo FM, Savazzi EA, Stehling EG. Detection of different β-lactamases encoding genes, including bla NDM, and plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes in different water sources from Brazil. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2018; 190:407. [PMID: 29909525 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-018-6801-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial resistance occurs by spontaneous mutations or horizontal gene transfer mediated by mobile genetic elements, which represents a great concern. Resistance to β-lactam antibiotics is mainly due to the production of β-lactamases, and an important mechanism of fluoroquinolone resistance is the acquisition plasmid determinants. The aim of this study was to verify the presence of β-lactamase-encoding genes and plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes in different water samples obtained from São Paulo state, Brazil. A high level of these resistance genes was detected, being the blaSHV, blaGES, and qnr the most prevalent. Besides that, the blaNDM gene, which codify an important and hazardous metallo-β-lactamase, was detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Garcia Sanchez
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Av. do Café S/N. Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Maciel de Melo
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Av. do Café S/N. Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-903, Brazil
| | | | - Eliana Guedes Stehling
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Av. do Café S/N. Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-903, Brazil.
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