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Deshmukh R, Singh R, Sharma S, Mishra AK, Harwansh RK. A Snapshot of Selenium-enclosed Nanoparticles for the Management of Cancer. Curr Pharm Des 2024; 30:841-858. [PMID: 38462835 DOI: 10.2174/0113816128297329240305071103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Among the primary causes of mortality in today's world is cancer. Many drugs are employed to give lengthy and severe chemotherapy and radiation therapy, like nitrosoureas (Cisplatin, Oxaliplatin), Antimetabolites (5-fluorouracil, Methotrexate), Topoisomerase inhibitors (Etoposide), Mitotic inhibitors (Doxorubicin); such treatment is associated with significant adverse effects. Antitumor antibiotics have side effects similar to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element for humans and animals, and additional Se supplementation is required, particularly for individuals deficient in Se. Due to its unique features and high bioactivities, selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs), which act as a supplement to counter Se deficiency, have recently gained worldwide attention. This study presented a safer and more economical way of preparing stable SeNPs. The researcher has assessed the antiproliferative efficiency of SeNPs-based paclitaxel delivery systems against tumor cells in vitro with relevant mechanistic visualization. SeNPs stabilized by Pluronic F-127 were synthesized and studied. The significant properties and biological activities of PTX-loaded SeNPs on cancer cells from the lungs, breasts, cervical, and colons. In one study, SeNPs were formulated using chitosan (CTS) polymer and then incorporated into CTS/citrate gel, resulting in a SeNPs-loaded chitosan/citrate complex; in another study, CTS was used in the synthesis of SeNPs and then situated into CTS/citrate gel, resulting in Se loaded nanoparticles. These formulations were found to be more successful in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohitas Deshmukh
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura 281406, India
| | - Rajesh Singh
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura 281406, India
| | - Sandeep Sharma
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura 281406, India
| | - Ashwini Kumar Mishra
- Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, Delhi 110017, India
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Park S, Jang SS, Lee S, Kim M, Sim H, Jeon H, Hong SE, Lee J, Lee J, Jeon EY, Lee J, Lee CR, Kim SY, Kim MJ, Yoon JG, Lim BC, Kim WJ, Kim KJ, Ko JM, Cho A, Lee JS, Choi M, Chae JH. Systematic analysis of inheritance pattern determination in genes that cause rare neurodevelopmental diseases. Front Genet 2022; 13:990015. [PMID: 36212160 PMCID: PMC9533195 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.990015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite recent advancements in our understanding of genetic etiology and its molecular and physiological consequences, it is not yet clear what genetic features determine the inheritance pattern of a disease. To address this issue, we conducted whole exome sequencing analysis to characterize genetic variants in 1,180 Korean patients with neurological symptoms. The diagnostic yield for definitive pathogenic variant findings was 50.8%, after including 33 cases (5.9%) additionally diagnosed by reanalysis. Of diagnosed patients, 33.4% carried inherited variants. At the genetic level, autosomal recessive-inherited genes were characterized by enrichments in metabolic process, muscle organization and metal ion homeostasis pathways. Transcriptome and interactome profiling analyses revealed less brain-centered expression and fewer protein-protein interactions for recessive genes. The majority of autosomal recessive genes were more tolerant of variation, and functional prediction scores of recessively-inherited variants tended to be lower than those of dominantly-inherited variants. Additionally, we were able to predict the rates of carriers for recessive variants. Our results showed that genes responsible for neurodevelopmental disorders harbor different molecular mechanisms and expression patterns according to their inheritance patterns. Also, calculated frequency rates for recessive variants could be utilized to pre-screen rare neurodevelopmental disorder carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soojin Park
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Children’s Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Se Song Jang
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Children’s Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seungbok Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Children’s Hospital, Seoul, South Korea,Department of Genomic Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Minsoo Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyungtai Sim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyeongseok Jeon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sung Eun Hong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jean Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jeongeun Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eun Young Jeon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jeongha Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Cho-Rong Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Soo Yeon Kim
- Department of Genomic Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Man Jin Kim
- Department of Genomic Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea,Rare Disease Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jihoon G. Yoon
- Department of Genomic Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Byung Chan Lim
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Children’s Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Woo Joong Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Children’s Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ki Joong Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Children’s Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jung Min Ko
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Children’s Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Anna Cho
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Jin Sook Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Hospital Child Cancer and Rare Disease Administration, Seoul National University Children’s Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Murim Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea,*Correspondence: Murim Choi, ; Jong-Hee Chae,
| | - Jong-Hee Chae
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Children’s Hospital, Seoul, South Korea,Department of Genomic Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea,*Correspondence: Murim Choi, ; Jong-Hee Chae,
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Maccaroni E, Giampieri R, Lenci E, Scortichini L, Bianchi F, Belvederesi L, Brugiati C, Pagliaretta S, Ambrosini E, Berardi R. BRCA mutations and gastrointestinal cancers: When to expect the unexpected? World J Clin Oncol 2021; 12:565-580. [PMID: 34367929 PMCID: PMC8317649 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v12.i7.565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BRCA1/2 pathogenic variants are widely known as major risk factors mainly for breast and ovarian cancer, while their role in gastrointestinal (GI) malignancies such as colorectal cancer (CRC), gastric cancer and oesophageal cancer (OeC) is still not well established. The main objective of this review is to summarise the available evidence on this matter. The studies included in the review were selected from PubMed/GoogleScholar/ScienceDirect databases to identify published articles where BRCA1/2 pathogenic variants were assessed either as a risk factor or a prognostic/predictive factor in these malignancies. Our review suggests that BRCA1/2 might have a role as a risk factor for colorectal, gastric and OeC, albeit with differences among these diseases: In particular BRCA1 seems to be much more frequently mutated in CRC whereas BRCA2 appears to be much more closely associated with gastric and OeC. Early-onset cancer seems to be also associated with BRCA1/2 mutations and a few studies suggest a positive prognostic role of these mutations. The assessment of a potentially predictive role of these mutations is hampered by the fact that most patients with these diseases have been treated with platinum compounds, where it is expected that a higher probability of response should be seen. A few clinical trials focused on poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors use in GI cancers are currently ongoing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Maccaroni
- Department of Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti di Ancona, Ancona 60126, Italy
| | - Riccardo Giampieri
- Department of Oncology, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti di Ancona, Ancona 60126, Italy
| | - Edoardo Lenci
- Department of Oncology, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona 60126, Italy
| | - Laura Scortichini
- Department of Oncology, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona 60126, Italy
| | - Francesca Bianchi
- Molecular and Clinical Science Department, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona 60126, Italy
| | - Laura Belvederesi
- Molecular and Clinical Science Department, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona 60126, Italy
| | - Cristiana Brugiati
- Molecular and Clinical Science Department, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona 60126, Italy
| | - Silvia Pagliaretta
- Molecular and Clinical Science Department, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona 60126, Italy
| | - Elisa Ambrosini
- Molecular and Clinical Science Department, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona 60126, Italy
| | - Rossana Berardi
- Department of Oncology, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti di Ancona, Ancona 60126, Italy
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Llach J, Carballal S, Moreira L. Familial Pancreatic Cancer: Current Perspectives. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:743-758. [PMID: 32099470 PMCID: PMC6999545 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s172421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a highly lethal disease, mostly incurable when detected. Thus, despite advances in PC treatments, only around 7% of patients survive 5-years after diagnosis. This morbid outcome is secondary to multifactorial reasons, such as late-stage diagnosis, rapid progression and minimal response to chemotherapy. Based on these factors, it is of special relevance to identify PC high-risk individuals in order to establish preventive and early detection measures. Although most PC are sporadic, approximately 10% cases have a familial basis. No main causative gene of PC has been identified but several known germline pathogenic mutations are related with an increased risk of this tumor. These inherited cancer syndromes represent 3% of all PC. On the other hand, in 7% of cases of PC, there is a strong family history without a causative germline mutation, a situation known as familial pancreatic cancer (FPC). In recent years, there is increasing evidence supporting the benefit of genetic germline analysis in PC patients, and periodic pancreatic screening in PC high-risk patients (mainly those with a lifetime risk greater than 5%), although there is no general agreement in the group of patients and individuals to study and screen. In the present review, we expose an update in the field of hereditary and FPC, with the aim of describing the current strategies and implications in genetic counseling, surveillance and therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Llach
- Departmento de Gastroenterología, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Institut d' Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universidad de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sabela Carballal
- Departmento de Gastroenterología, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Institut d' Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universidad de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Leticia Moreira
- Departmento de Gastroenterología, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Institut d' Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universidad de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Granot-Hershkovitz E, Karasik D, Friedlander Y, Rodriguez-Murillo L, Dorajoo R, Liu J, Sewda A, Peter I, Carmi S, Hochner H. A study of Kibbutzim in Israel reveals risk factors for cardiometabolic traits and subtle population structure. Eur J Hum Genet 2018; 26:1848-1858. [PMID: 30108283 PMCID: PMC6244281 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-018-0230-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 06/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic studies in isolated populations often increase power for identifying loci associated with complex diseases and traits. We present here the Kibbutzim Family Study (KFS), aimed at investigating the genetic basis of cardiometabolic traits in extended Israeli families characterized by long-term social stability and a homogeneous environment. Extensive information on cardiometabolic traits, as well as genome-wide genotypes, were collected on 901 individuals. We observed that most KFS participants were of Ashkenazi Jewish (AJ) genetic origin, confirmed a recent severe bottleneck in the AJ recent history, and detected a subtle within-AJ population structure. Focusing on genetic variants relatively common in the KFS but very rare in Europeans, we observed that AJ-enriched variants appear in cancer-related pathways more than expected by chance. We conducted an association study of the AJ-enriched variants against 16 cardiometabolic traits, and found seven loci (24 variants) to be significantly associated. The strongest association, which we also replicated in an independent study, was between a variant upstream of MSRA (frequency ≈1% in the KFS and nearly absent in Europeans) and weight (P = 3.6∙10-8). In conclusion, the KFS is a valuable resource for the study of the population genetics of Israel as well as the genetics of cardiometabolic traits.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David Karasik
- Faculty of Medicine in the Galilee, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Yechiel Friedlander
- Braun School of Public Health, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Laura Rodriguez-Murillo
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rajkumar Dorajoo
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Anshuman Sewda
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Inga Peter
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shai Carmi
- Braun School of Public Health, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.
| | - Hagit Hochner
- Braun School of Public Health, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.
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6
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Bognar CLFB, Simon SD, Gansl RC, Abramoff R, Aisen M, Lopes Junior GDL, Smaletz O, Peres SV, Tabacof J. The impact of erlotinib use in non-small-cell lung cancer patients treated in a private reference general hospital and in a private cancer clinic from 2005 to 2011. EINSTEIN-SAO PAULO 2015; 13:215-20. [PMID: 26154542 PMCID: PMC4943812 DOI: 10.1590/s1679-45082015ao3326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To report the demographic data and clinical outcomes of non-small-cell lung cancer patients exposed to erlotinib in any line of treatment. METHODS This was a retrospective cohort study of nonsmall-cell lung cancer patients from a reference general hospital and a private oncology clinic, who received erlotinib from 2005 to 2011. Statistical analysis was performed and we evaluated demographic data and response to treatment, by correlating the results of this first cohort published in Brazil with results of current literature. RESULTS A total of 44 patients were included; 65.9% were diagnosed with adenocarcinoma, and 63.6% had metastatic disease. The mean age was 63.3 years. The median follow-up was 47.9 months. Epidermal growth factor receptor mutation screening was performed in 22.7% of patients (n=10), with mutation present in 30% of patients. The median overall survival was 46.3 months, and there was a higher probability of survival at 60 months for females compared to males (29.4% versus 15.8%; p=0.042). The other variables did not present significant statistical difference. CONCLUSION We collected the largest cohort of patients with non-small-cell lung cancer who have used erlotinib in Brazil to date, and demonstrated that outcomes of patients treated at our clinic during the study period were consistent with the results of current literature in similar patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Oren Smaletz
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Abstract
It is known that mortality of Jews is different from the mortality of the populations that surround them. However, the existence of commonalities in mortality of different Jewish communities across the world has not received scholarly attention. This paper aims to identify common features of the evolution of Jewish mortality among Jews living in Israel and the Diaspora. In the paper the mortality of Jews in Israel is systematically compared with the mortality of the populations of developed countries, and the findings from the earlier studies of mortality of Jews in selected Diaspora communities are re-examined. The outcome is a re-formulation and extension of the notion of the 'Jewish pattern of mortality'. The account of this pattern is based on the consistently low level of behaviourally induced mortality, the migration history of Jewish populations and the enduring influence of early-life conditions on mortality at older ages.
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Carroll MRR, Seaman HE, Halloran SP. Tests and investigations for colorectal cancer screening. Clin Biochem 2014; 47:921-39. [PMID: 24769265 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2014.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Revised: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Worldwide, colorectal (CRC) is the third most common form of cancer, after lung and breast cancer, and the fourth most common cause of cancer death, although in developed countries CRC incidence is higher and it accounts for an even higher proportion of cancer deaths. Successful treatment of early-stage CRC confers substantial survival advantage, and there is now overwhelming evidence that screening average-risk individuals for CRC reduces the incidence and disease-specific mortality. In spite of considerable research for new biomarkers for CRC, the detection of blood in faeces remains the most effective screening tool. The best evidence to date for population-based CRC screening comes from randomised-controlled trials that used a guaiac-based faecal occult blood test (gFOBt) as the first-line screening modality, whereby test-positive individuals are referred for follow-up investigations, usually colonoscopy. A major innovation in the last ten years or so has been the development of other more analytically sensitive and specific screening techniques for blood in faeces. The faecal immunochemical test for haemoglobin (FIT) confers substantial benefits over gFOBt in terms of analytical sensitivity, specificity and practicality and FIT are now recommended for CRC screening by the European guidelines for quality assurance in colorectal cancer screening and diagnosis. The challenge internationally is to develop high quality CRC screening programmes for which uptake is high. This is especially important for developing countries witnessing an increase in the incidence of CRC as populations adopt more westernised lifestyles. This review describes the tests available for CRC screening and how they are being used worldwide. The reader will gain an understanding of developments in CRC screening and issues that arise in choosing the most appropriate screening test (or tests) for organised population-based screening internationally and optimising the performance of the chosen test (or tests). Whilst a wide range of literature has been cited, this is not a systematic review. The authors provide FOBT CRC screening for a population of 14.6 million in the south of England and the senior author (SPH) was the lead author of the European guidelines for quality assurance in colorectal cancer screening and diagnosis and leads the World Endoscopy Organization Colorectal Cancer Committee's Expert Working Group on 'FIT for Screening'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalen R R Carroll
- NHS Bowel Cancer Screening Programme Southern Hub, 20 Priestley Road, Surrey Research Park, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7YS, UK; Royal Surrey County Hospital Foundation Trust, Egerton Road, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XX, UK.
| | - Helen E Seaman
- NHS Bowel Cancer Screening Programme Southern Hub, 20 Priestley Road, Surrey Research Park, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7YS, UK; Royal Surrey County Hospital Foundation Trust, Egerton Road, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XX, UK; University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, UK.
| | - Stephen P Halloran
- NHS Bowel Cancer Screening Programme Southern Hub, 20 Priestley Road, Surrey Research Park, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7YS, UK; Royal Surrey County Hospital Foundation Trust, Egerton Road, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XX, UK; University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, UK.
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Boursi B, Sella T, Liberman E, Shapira S, David M, Kazanov D, Arber N, Kraus S. The APC p.I1307K polymorphism is a significant risk factor for CRC in average risk Ashkenazi Jews. Eur J Cancer 2013; 49:3680-5. [PMID: 23896379 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2013.06.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2012] [Revised: 06/27/2013] [Accepted: 06/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The p.I1307K adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene variant, prevalent among Ashkenazi Jews, may increase the risk for colorectal neoplasia. We studied the clinical importance of screening for this polymorphism in 3305 Israelis undergoing colonoscopy. PATIENTS AND METHODS Clinical data regarding potential risk factors for colorectal cancer (CRC) were collected from individuals undergoing colonoscopic examination at the Tel-Aviv medical center. The APC p.I1307K was detected using real-time PCR (polymerase chain reaction) from DNA extracted from peripheral mononuclear cells. RESULTS The overall prevalence of the p.I1307K polymorphism was 8.0% (10.1% among Ashkenazi and 2.7% among Sephardic Jews, p<0.001). The overall adjusted odds ratio (OR) for colorectal neoplasia among carriers was 1.51 (95% confidence intervals (CI), 1.16-1.98). Among average risk Ashkenazi Jews, the adjusted OR was 1.75 (95% CI 1.26-2.45). A multiplicative interaction was identified between Ashkenazi ethnicity and APC p.I1307K carrier status (P(INTERACTION) = 0.055). The histopathological features of adenomas and carcinomas did not differ between carriers and non-carriers. CONCLUSIONS The APC p.I1307K gene variant is an important risk factor for colorectal neoplasia in average risk Ashkenazi Jews. Carriers in this group should be considered for screening colonoscopy at the age of 40, to be repeated every 5 years, similar to recommendations in individuals with family history of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Boursi
- The Integrated Cancer Prevention Center, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel; Department of Medical Oncology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel
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Soloway LE, Boscoe FP, Schymura MJ, Kahn AR, Weinstein AL, Qiao B, McLaughlin CC. Thyroid cancer incidence in highly observant Jewish neighborhoods in metropolitan New York City. Thyroid 2011; 21:1255-61. [PMID: 21877931 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2011.0091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thyroid cancer incidence in New York State has increased rapidly in recent years, particularly in New York City and its surrounding metropolitan area. In 2007 among white non-Hispanics, incidence rates were about 40% higher in the New York City metropolitan area than in the rest of the state. Here we explore the extent to which living in neighborhoods with a high percentage of highly observant Jews may be associated with this pattern. METHODS We identify neighborhoods with concentrations of highly observant Jewish persons based on the use of Yiddish among children and the location of Orthodox synagogues. Thyroid cancer risk is modeled as a function of living in such a neighborhood, adjusting for age, sex, and other factors. The model was repeated for small (<2 cm) and large (≥2 cm) tumors to assess the role of diagnostic improvements in driving the spatial-temporal patterns. RESULTS A moderate association with thyroid cancer was found among those living in Jewish neighborhoods and downstate New York. A lesser association was found among those who live in neighborhoods of high levels of people born in Russia, Belarus, or Ukraine. Similar elevated rate ratios were seen for small and large tumors in Jewish neighborhoods, providing evidence against differences in diagnostic practices in this group. Smaller tumors were more pronounced among women and persons diagnosed more recently. CONCLUSIONS The associations found do not seem to be diagnostically driven, but rather due to environmental, genetic, or cultural factors in the highly observant population of New York State.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E Soloway
- New York State Cancer Registry, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, USA.
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11
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MDM2 SNP309 polymorphism and breast cancer risk: a meta-analysis. Mol Biol Rep 2011; 39:3471-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-011-1119-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2010] [Accepted: 06/20/2011] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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12
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Abstract
PURPOSE This study was designed to characterize the entity of colorectal cancer (CRC) in young patients and to evaluate whether it has any unique epidemiological or clinicopathological features. METHODS The study population consisted of all consecutive young (≤50 years old at diagnosis) patients with CRC who were diagnosed during the years 1997-2007 and were treated at our institution, and a matching group of patients (>50 years at diagnosis). The medical files of these patients were reviewed, and the epidemiological, clinical, and pathological features of both groups were compared. RESULTS There were 406 patients: 203 in each group. The features of the older group were typical for patients with CRC, but the younger group showed female predominance, different ethnic composition, prevalence of family history of cancer and hereditary CRC syndromes, and lower incidence of polyps. The incidence of left-sided tumors and advanced stages (III-IV) at diagnosis was higher in the younger patients. Mucinous/signet ring histology, grade, stage, lymphatic and vascular invasion were all predictive of survival, whereas age was not. CONCLUSIONS Colorectal cancer in young patients was found to display a cluster of unique characteristics but fewer than previously reported and young age by itself was not found to impact patient outcome.
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Calderon-Margalit R, Friedlander Y, Yanetz R, Deutsch L, Perrin MC, Kleinhaus K, Tiram E, Harlap S, Paltiel O. Preeclampsia and subsequent risk of cancer: update from the Jerusalem Perinatal Study. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2009; 200:63.e1-5. [PMID: 18822400 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2008.06.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2008] [Revised: 05/15/2008] [Accepted: 06/19/2008] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to examine the association between preeclampsia and cancer incidence. STUDY DESIGN The Jerusalem Perinatal Study is a population-based cohort of all births to 41,206 residents of Western Jerusalem from 1964-76. Cancer incidence to 2004 was assessed by linkage of the cohort with the Israel Cancer Registry. Cox's proportional hazards models were constructed to estimate the hazard ratio for cancer among women who had had preeclampsia. RESULTS Preeclampsia was associated with a 1.23-fold increased risk of cancer at all sites, a 37% increased risk of breast cancer, and more than a doubling of ovarian cancer risk. Analysis by morphologic condition yielded significantly increased risks for malignancies that were classed as cystic mucinous and serous (relative risk, 1.96; 95% CI, 1.00-3.83) and for ductal, lobular, and medullary carcinomas (relative risk, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.07-1.83). No differential association was observed by sex of offspring. CONCLUSION Our study suggests that the previously described protective effect of preeclampsia on cancer is not universal.
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Gomez LC, Marzese DM, Adi J, Bertani D, Ibarra J, Mol B, Vos IJ, De Marchi G, Roqué M. MLPA mutation detection in Argentine HNPCC and FAP families. Fam Cancer 2008; 8:67-73. [PMID: 18615272 DOI: 10.1007/s10689-008-9200-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2008] [Accepted: 06/11/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CC) is the secondary cause of death in the Western countries of which approximately 15% are considered to be hereditary. The hereditary forms are Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (FAP) and Hereditary Non Polyposis Colorectal Cancer (HNPCC) which is the commonest form. The detection of mutations in the MMR and apc related genes, allows the development of health prevention strategies. Different molecular diagnostic strategies are available for the detection of mutations in these genes, i.e. DGGE, SSCP and direct sequencing. However, deletions and duplications of one or more consecutive exons, which account for around 50% of the total alterations in MMR genes, cannot be detected by PCR based methodologies due to the non quantitative nature of these techniques. The aim of our work has been the standardization of a methodology, called Multiplex Ligation-Dependent Probe Amplification, which allows the detection of genomic deletions and duplications as primary analysis in HNPCC and FAP patients in Argentina. In this case, we inform that the application of MLPA allowed the detection of a missence mutation, without the need for direct sequencing of the complete genes involved. A PCR/RFLP strategy was afterwards designed to detect the C<T change on codon 718 of mlh1 gene in members of the family. For a developing country like Argentina, which has limited resources for genetic diagnosis, this MLPA application has avoided an unaffordable cost as the complete sequencing of all the involved genes. The application of MLPA in our country contributes to improvement in the diagnosis of hereditary CC and allows the development of preventive health interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura C Gomez
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology-IHEM-CONICET, School of Medical Sciences, National University of Cuyo, Mendoza, 5500, Argentina
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Cohen T, Prus D, Shia J, Abu-Wasel B, Pinto MG, Freund HR, Stojadinovic A, Grakov A, Peretz T, Nissan A. Expression of P53, P27 and KI-67 in colorectal cancer patients of various ethnic origins: clinical and tissue microarray based analysis. J Surg Oncol 2008; 97:416-22. [PMID: 18286523 DOI: 10.1002/jso.20989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study was conducted to determine survival according to the expression of molecular markers in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients of various ethnic origins. METHODS Resection of primary tumor was conducted on 171 patients with CRC. Corresponding archived paraffin-embedded blocks were retrieved and tissue microarray (TMA) constructed. Immunohistochemical staining of the TMA for p53, p27 and Ki-67 was quantified by two independent pathologists. Survival was analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier product limit method. RESULTS With a median follow-up of 65 months, 56 patients (32.7%) died of disease. AJCC stage correlated with disease-free (DFS, P < 0.0001) and overall survival (OS, P < 0.0001). IHC staining was positive for Ki-67 in 77.4%, p53 in 55.8% and p27 in 54.2% of patients. Primary tumor marker expression did not correlate with DFS or OS. The 5-year DFS for Ashkenazi Jews was 75%, significantly higher than Sephardic Jews (SJ) 64% and Palestinian Arabs (PA) 38%, P = 0.001. CONCLUSIONS Ethnicity among Ashkenazi and SJ and PA appears to have a significant impact on disease outcome in patients with CRC patients, while primary tumor expression of p53, p27 and Ki-67 was unrelated to disease outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzeela Cohen
- Department of Surgery, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
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Lum SS, Chua HW, Li H, Li WF, Rao N, Wei J, Shao Z, Sabapathy K. MDM2 SNP309 G allele increases risk but the T allele is associated with earlier onset age of sporadic breast cancers in the Chinese population. Carcinogenesis 2008; 29:754-61. [PMID: 18281248 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgn024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sporadic breast cancer in women <40 years is uncommon in Caucasians, in contrast to a much earlier onset in Chinese Asians. However, the molecular determinants for this earlier onset are unclear. It has been reported that SNP309 in the promoter of MDM2, the negative regulator of p53, affects the onset age of cancers in females. Essentially, the G allele, rather than the T allele, has been suggested to accelerate the age of cancer onset. Hence, we examined if MDM2 and p53 polymorphisms would be determinants of the early onset phenomenon in Chinese women. Our results indicate that the MDM2 SNP309 G allele is more prevalent in the Chinese population compared with reported frequencies in Caucasians, and increases breast cancer risk of both sporadic cases and those with family history. However, it was the T/T genotype that was associated with earlier onset age of sporadic breast cancers in contrast to the G allele that was associated with the familial cases. Though p53 codon 72 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) did not affect general cancer risk or age of onset, arginine homozygozity, in contrast to proline homozygozity, was found to decrease breast cancer risk in the later onset sporadic cases. Both SNP309 and codon 72 polymorphisms did not affect the stage of cancer. Together, the data suggest that though the MDM2 SNP309 G allele is a risk factor for breast cancer, it does not accelerate, but delays the onset of the sporadic disease in Chinese women, highlighting that differences in ethnicity and family history may influence the role of MDM2 SNP309 in cancer susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- San San Lum
- Laboratory of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Division of Cellular and Molecular Research, Humphrey Oei Institute of Cancer Research, National Cancer Centre, 11 Hospital Drive, Singapore 169610, Singapore
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Brandt-Rauf SI, Raveis VH, Drummond NF, Conte JA, Rothman SM. Ashkenazi Jews and breast cancer: the consequences of linking ethnic identity to genetic disease. Am J Public Health 2006; 96:1979-88. [PMID: 17018815 PMCID: PMC1751808 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2005.083014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
We explored the advantages and disadvantages of using ethnic categories in genetic research. With the discovery that certain breast cancer gene mutations appeared to be more prevalent in Ashkenazi Jews, breast cancer researchers moved their focus from high-risk families to ethnicity. The concept of Ashkenazi Jews as genetically unique, a legacy of Tay-Sachs disease research and a particular reading of history, shaped this new approach even as methodological imprecision and new genetic and historical research challenged it. Our findings cast doubt on the accuracy and desirability of linking ethnic groups to genetic disease. Such linkages exaggerate genetic differences among ethnic groups and lead to unequal access to testing and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherry I Brandt-Rauf
- Center for the Study of Society and Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
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Hoppe E, Frankel R. Optometrists as key providers in the prevention and early detection of malignancies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 77:397-404. [PMID: 16877205 DOI: 10.1016/j.optm.2006.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2006] [Accepted: 03/29/2006] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Optometrists have become active in many aspects of primary health care. Opportunities exist for optometrists to join other health care providers in the fight against cancer. The purpose of this article is to review information about cancer epidemiology, describe cancer screening guidelines, and to provide examples of ways for optometrists to become involved in promoting goals for reducing cancer risk and increasing the early detection of cancer. In addition to diagnosing ocular cancers and metastases to the eye and orbital region, optometrists may provide cancer information as part of their case history, provide positive health messages to reduce cancer risk factors, and directly observe signs of skin cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Hoppe
- New England College of Optometry, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
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