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Zhu R, Shang GJ, Zhang BY, Wang HT, Li L, Wei XF, Li DL, Yang ZY, Qu ZH, Quan YN, Liu SY, Wang YT, Meng ST, Wu LF, Qin GX. Unlocking the potential of N-acetylcysteine: Improving hepatopancreas inflammation, antioxidant capacity and health in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) via the MAPK/NF-κB/Nrf2 signalling pathway. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 144:109294. [PMID: 38092096 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.109294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
N-acetylcysteine (NAC) positively contributes to enhancing animal health, regulating inflammation and reducing stress by participating in the synthesis of cysteine, glutathione, and taurine in the body. The present study aims to investigate the effects of dietary different levels of NAC on the morphology, function and physiological state of hepatopancreas in juvenile common carp (Cyprinus carpio). 450 common carps were randomly divided into 5 groups: N1 (basal diet), N2 (1.5 g/kg NAC diet), N3 (3.0 g/kg NAC diet), N4 (4.5 g/kg NAC diet) and N5 (6.0 g/kg NAC diet), and fed for 8 weeks. The results indicated that dietary 3.0-6.0 g/kg NAC reduced hepatopancreas lipid vacuoles and nuclear translocation, and inhibited apoptosis in common carp. Simultaneously, the activities of hepatopancreas alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase progressively increased with rising dietary NAC levels. Dietary NAC enhanced the non-specific immune function of common carp, and exerted anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting the MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway. Additionally, dietary 3.0-6.0 g/kg NAC significantly improved the antioxidant capacity of common carp, which was associated with enhanced glutathione metabolism, clearance of ROS and the activation of Nrf2 signaling pathway. In summary, NAC has the potential to alleviate inflammation, mitigate oxidative stress and inhibit apoptosis via the MAPK/NF-κB/Nrf2 signaling pathway, thereby improving hepatopancreas function and health of common carp. The current findings provide a theoretical basis for promoting the application of NAC in aquaculture and ecological cultivation of aquatic animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun, 130118, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Guo-Jun Shang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Bao-Yuan Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Hao-Tong Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Liang Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Xiao-Fang Wei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Deng-Lai Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Zhi-Yong Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Zi-Hui Qu
- Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 132011, China
| | - Ya-Nan Quan
- Jingyuetan Reservoir Management Office, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Si-Ying Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Yin-Tao Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Si-Tong Meng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Li-Fang Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun, 130118, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China.
| | - Gui-Xin Qin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun, 130118, China.
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Colorado Gómez MA, Melo-Bolívar JF, Ruíz Pardo RY, Rodriguez JA, Villamil LM. Unveiling the Probiotic Potential of the Anaerobic Bacterium Cetobacterium sp. nov. C33 for Enhancing Nile Tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus) Cultures. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2922. [PMID: 38138066 PMCID: PMC10745334 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11122922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The bacterium strain Cetobacterium sp. C33 was isolated from the intestinal microbial content of Nile tilapia (O. niloticus) under anaerobic conditions. Given that Cetobacterium species are recognized as primary constituents of the intestinal microbiota in cultured Nile tilapia by culture-independent techniques, the adaptability of the C33 strain to the host gastrointestinal conditions, its antibacterial activity against aquaculture bacterial and its antibiotic susceptibility were assessed. The genome of C33 was sequenced, assembled, annotated, and subjected to functional inference, particularly regarding pinpointed probiotic activities. Furthermore, phylogenomic comparative analyses were performed including closely reported strains/species relatives. Comparative genomics with closely related species disclosed that the isolate is not phylogenetically identical to other Cetobacterium species, displaying an approximately 5% sequence divergence from C. somerae and a 13% sequence divergence from Cetobacterium ceti. It can be distinguished from other species through physiological and biochemical criteria. Whole-genome annotation highlighted that Cetobacterium sp. nov. C33 possesses a set of genes that may contribute to antagonism against competing bacteria and has specific symbiotic adaptations in fish. Additional in vivo experiments should be carried out to verify favorable features, reinforcing its potential as a probiotic bacterium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Andrés Colorado Gómez
- Doctorado en Biociencias, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de La Sabana, Chía 250001, Colombia; (M.A.C.G.); (J.F.M.-B.); (R.Y.R.P.); (J.A.R.)
- Fundación Clínica Shaio, Bogotá 110121, Colombia
| | - Javier Fernando Melo-Bolívar
- Doctorado en Biociencias, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de La Sabana, Chía 250001, Colombia; (M.A.C.G.); (J.F.M.-B.); (R.Y.R.P.); (J.A.R.)
| | - Ruth Yolanda Ruíz Pardo
- Doctorado en Biociencias, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de La Sabana, Chía 250001, Colombia; (M.A.C.G.); (J.F.M.-B.); (R.Y.R.P.); (J.A.R.)
| | - Jorge Alberto Rodriguez
- Doctorado en Biociencias, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de La Sabana, Chía 250001, Colombia; (M.A.C.G.); (J.F.M.-B.); (R.Y.R.P.); (J.A.R.)
| | - Luisa Marcela Villamil
- Doctorado en Biociencias, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de La Sabana, Chía 250001, Colombia; (M.A.C.G.); (J.F.M.-B.); (R.Y.R.P.); (J.A.R.)
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Espe M, Adam AC, Saito T, Skjærven KH. Methionine: An Indispensable Amino Acid in Cellular Metabolism and Health of Atlantic Salmon. AQUACULTURE NUTRITION 2023; 2023:5706177. [PMID: 37927379 PMCID: PMC10624553 DOI: 10.1155/2023/5706177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Methionine is an indispensable amino acid with an important role as the main methyl donor in cellular metabolism for both fish and mammals. Metabolization of methionine to the methyl donor S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) has consequence for polyamine, carnitine, phospholipid, and creatine synthesis as well as epigenetic modifications such as DNA- and histone tail methylation. Methionine can also be converted to cysteine and contributes as a precursor for taurine and glutathione synthesis. Moreover, methionine is the start codon for every protein being synthetized and thereby serves an important role in initiating translation. Modern salmon feed is dominated by plant ingredients containing less taurine, carnitine, and creatine than animal-based ingredients. This shift results in competition for SAM due to an increasing need to endogenously synthesize associated metabolites. The availability of methionine has profound implications for various metabolic pathways including allosteric regulation. This necessitates a higher nutritional need to meet the requirement as a methyl donor, surpassing the quantities for protein synthesis and growth. This comprehensive review provides an overview of the key metabolic pathways in which methionine plays a central role as methyl donor and unfolds the implications for methylation capacity, metabolism, and overall health particularly emphasizing the development of fatty liver, oxidation, and inflammation when methionine abundance is insufficient focusing on nutrition for Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar).
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Espe
- Institute of Marine Research, P.O. Box 5817 Nordnes, Bergen, Norway
| | - A. C. Adam
- Institute of Marine Research, P.O. Box 5817 Nordnes, Bergen, Norway
| | - T. Saito
- Institute of Marine Research, P.O. Box 5817 Nordnes, Bergen, Norway
| | - K. H. Skjærven
- Institute of Marine Research, P.O. Box 5817 Nordnes, Bergen, Norway
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He W, Li X, Wu G. Dietary glycine supplementation improves the growth performance of 110- to 240-g (phase II) hybrid striped bass (Morone saxatilis ♀× Morone chrysops ♂) fed soybean meal-based diets. J Anim Sci 2023; 101:skad400. [PMID: 38038705 PMCID: PMC10734566 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skad400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
We recently reported that supplementing glycine to soybean meal (SBM)-based diets is necessary for optimum growth of 5- to 40-g (phase I) hybrid striped bass (HSB). The present study tested the hypothesis that supplementing glycine to SBM-based diets may enhance the growth of 110- to 240-g (phase II) HSB. HSB (the initial body weight of approximately 110 g) were fed an SBM (58%)-based diet supplemented with 0%, 1%, or 2% of glycine, with l-alanine serving as the isonitrogenous control. There were four tanks per dietary group, with four fish per tank. The fish were fed their respective diets to apparent satiation twice daily. The feed intake and body weight of fish were recorded daily and every 2 wk, respectively. At the end of the 56-d feeding trial, plasma and tissue samples were collected to determine amino acid concentrations and histological alterations, and tissues were used to measure the oxidation of l-glutamate, l-glutamine, l-aspartate, and glycine. Results showed that dietary supplementation with 1% and 2% glycine dose-dependently increased (P < 0.05) the concentration of glycine in the plasma of HSB by 48% and 99%, respectively. Compared with the 0%-glycine group, dietary supplementation with 1% glycine did not affect (P > 0.05) the feed intake of HSB but increased (P < 0.05) their final body weight, weight gain, and gain:feed ratio during the whole period by 13%, 29%, and 21%, respectively. Compared with the 1% glycine group, dietary supplementation with 2% glycine increased (P < 0.05) the feed intake, final body weight, and weight gain of HSB by 13%, 7%, and 14%, respectively. Compared with the 0%-glycine group, fish fed with the 1%-glycine and 2%-glycine diets had a greater (P < 0.05) villus height in the proximal intestine, when compared with the 0%-glycine group. Collectively, these results indicated that SBM-based diets did not provide sufficient glycine for phase II HSB (110 to 240 g) and that dietary glycine supplementation is essential for their optimum growth and intestinal structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenliang He
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Xinyu Li
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Guoyao Wu
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
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Li X, He W, Wu G. Dietary glycine supplementation enhances the growth performance of hybrid striped bass (Morone saxatilis ♀× Morone chrysops ♂) fed soybean meal-based diets. J Anim Sci 2023; 101:skad345. [PMID: 37801645 PMCID: PMC10635675 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skad345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to test the hypothesis that supplementing 1% and 2% glycine to soybean meal (SBM)-based diets can improve the growth performance of juvenile hybrid striped bass (HSB). The basal diets contained 15% fishmeal and 58% SBM (DM basis). Alanine was used as the isonitrogenous control in different diets. All diets contained 44% crude protein and 10% lipids (DM basis). There were four tanks (15 fish per tank) per dietary group, with the mean of the initial body weight (BW) of fish being 5.3 g. Fish were fed to apparent satiation twice daily, and their BW was recorded every 2 wk. The trial lasted for 8 wk. Results indicated that the BW, weight gain, protein efficiency ratio, and retention of dietary lipids in fish were enhanced (P < 0.05) by dietary supplementation with 1% or 2% glycine. In addition, dietary supplementation with glycine did not affect (P > 0.05) the feed intake of fish but increased (P < 0.05) the retention of dietary nitrogen, most amino acids, and phosphorus in the body, compared to the 0% glycine group. Dietary supplementation with 1% and 2% glycine dose-dependently augmented (P < 0.05) the villus height of the proximal intestine and reduced the submucosal thickness of the gut, while preventing submucosal and lamina propria hemorrhages. Compared with the 0% glycine group, dietary supplementation with 1% or 2% glycine decreased (P < 0.05) the proportion of skeletal-muscle fibers with diameters of 40 to 60 µm but increased (P < 0.05) the proportion of skeletal-muscle fibers with diameters of 80 to 100 µm and > 100 µm. Collectively, these findings indicate that glycine in SBM-based diets is inadequate for maximum growth of juvenile HSB and that dietary supplementation with 1% or 2% glycine is required to improve their weight gain and feed efficiency. Glycine is a conditionally essential amino acid for this fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Li
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Wenliang He
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Guoyao Wu
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
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Xie S, He J, Masagounder K, Liu Y, Tian L, Tan B, Niu J. Dietary lysine levels modulate the lipid metabolism, mitochondrial biogenesis and immune response of grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idellus. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2022.115375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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7
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Luo G, Liu J, Bian T, Zhang Z, Li M. The mechanism of N-acetyl-l-cysteine in improving the secretion of porcine follicle-stimulating hormone in Pichia pastoris. Yeast 2021; 38:601-611. [PMID: 34486746 DOI: 10.1002/yea.3668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous study revealed that N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) could enhance the secretion of recombinant proteins by Pichia pastoris, but the corresponding molecular mechanisms are still unclear. In the present study, we explored whether other thiols have a similar action on the secretion of recombinant human serum albumin and porcine follicle-stimulating hormone fusion protein (HSA-pFSHβ), to reveal the mechanism of NAC on HSA-pFSHβ secretion. Transcriptome analysis showed that genes involved in oxidoreductase activity and oxidation-reduction process were upregulated in cells supplemented with NAC. The other three thiol-reducing regents including dimercaptopropanol (DT), thioglycolic acid, and mercaptolactic acid could improve HSA-pFSHβ production in the culture supernatant. Among them, only DT had similar effect as NAC on HSA-pFSHβ secretion and the increase of GSH content. Moreover, 1-20 mM GSH, 1-10 mM cysteine, or 1-20 mM N-acetyl-d-cysteine supplementation could improve the secretion of HSA-pFSHβ. Furthermore, 0.4-3.2 mM ethacrynic acid, rather than 1-16 mM BSO could inhibit the effect of NAC on the production of HSA-pFSHβ. These results indicated that NAC improved the secretion of HSA-pFSHβ by increasing the intracellular GSH content through its thiol activity rather than as a precursor for GSH synthesis. In conclusion, our results demonstrate, for the first time, that the secretion of recombinant HSA-pFSHβ in Pichia pastoris could be improved through thiol-reducing agent supplementation, and the mechanism of the effect NAC has on HSA-pFSHβ secretion is associated with improving the intracellular GSH content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Luo
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jiying Liu
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ting Bian
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhendong Zhang
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Muwang Li
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
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Huang Z, Aweya JJ, Zhu C, Tran NT, Hong Y, Li S, Yao D, Zhang Y. Modulation of Crustacean Innate Immune Response by Amino Acids and Their Metabolites: Inferences From Other Species. Front Immunol 2020; 11:574721. [PMID: 33224140 PMCID: PMC7674553 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.574721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquaculture production of crustaceans (mainly shrimp and crabs) has expanded globally, but disease outbreaks and pathogenic infections have hampered production in the last two decades. As invertebrates, crustaceans lack an adaptive immune system and mainly defend and protect themselves using their innate immune system. The immune system derives energy and metabolites from nutrients, with amino acids constituting one such source. A growing number of studies have shown that amino acids and their metabolites are involved in the activation, synthesis, proliferation, and differentiation of immune cells, as well as in the activation of immune related signaling pathways, reduction of inflammatory response and regulation of oxidative stress. Key enzymes in amino acid metabolism have also been implicated in the regulation of the immune system. Here, we reviewed the role played by amino acids and their metabolites in immune-modulation in crustaceans. Information is inferred from mammals and fish where none exists for crustaceans. Research themes are identified and the relevant research gaps highlighted for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zishu Huang
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, China.,Shantou University-Universiti Malaysia Terengganu (STU-UMT) Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Jude Juventus Aweya
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, China.,Shantou University-Universiti Malaysia Terengganu (STU-UMT) Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Chunhua Zhu
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Ngoc Tuan Tran
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, China.,Shantou University-Universiti Malaysia Terengganu (STU-UMT) Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Yujian Hong
- Guangdong Yuequn Marine Biological Research and Development Co., Ltd., Jieyang, China
| | - Shengkang Li
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, China.,Shantou University-Universiti Malaysia Terengganu (STU-UMT) Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Defu Yao
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, China.,Shantou University-Universiti Malaysia Terengganu (STU-UMT) Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Yueling Zhang
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, China.,Shantou University-Universiti Malaysia Terengganu (STU-UMT) Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, China
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Jiang G, Li C, Huang X, Zhang X, Hu Y, Wang X, Wu D, Dai Q. The Effects of Threonine on Performance Parameters, Carcass Traits, Visceral Organ Indices and Serum Biochemical Parameters of Linwu Ducks, Aged 4 to 8 Weeks. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF POULTRY SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9061-2017-0614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G Jiang
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, P. R. China; Hunan Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine; Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, China
| | - C Li
- Hunan Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine; Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, China
| | - X Huang
- Hunan Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine; Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, China
| | - X Zhang
- Hunan Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine; Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, China
| | - Y Hu
- Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, China
| | - X Wang
- Hunan Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine; Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, China
| | - D Wu
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, P. R. China
| | - Q Dai
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, P. R. China; Hunan Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine; Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, China
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