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He J, Ye Q, Pan S, Guo Y, Chu Z, Gao Y, Dai X, Zhao S, Zhao B, Ruan Q. Transcriptional dynamic changes in energy metabolism, protein synthesis and cell cycle regulation reveal the biological adaptation mechanisms of juvenile Acrossocheilus wenchowensis under acute temperature changes. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 283:116835. [PMID: 39106571 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/09/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, frequent acute temperature changes have posed a serious threat to the physiology and survival of fish. This study utilized RNA-Seq technology to analyze the transcriptional dynamics in the muscle tissues of Acrossocheilus wenchowensis under various acute temperature conditions (16◦C, 20◦C, 24◦C, 28◦C and 32◦C). Through comprehensive analysis, we identified 11509 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), a gene set (profiles 19) that was significantly up-regulated with increasing temperature, and two weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) modules that were significantly correlated with acute temperature changes. Furthermore, we identified 28 transcription factors that are pivotal in oxidative stress and energy metabolism under acute temperature changes. Our results showed that, compared to the control group (24°C), KEGG functional enrichment analysis revealed significant enrichment of DEGs in the cell cycle, DNA replication, and p53 signaling pathway, with an overall trend of suppressed expression. This indicates that maintaining cell stability and reducing cell damage is an effective adaptive mechanism for A. wenchowensis to cope with acute temperature changes. Through STEM analysis and the black WGCNA module associated with high-temperature stress, we identified significant up-regulation of pathways and hub genes related to energy metabolism including oxidative phosphorylation, TCA cycle, purine metabolism, and glutathione metabolism, as well as the central roles of signal transduction pathways such as MAPK signaling pathway and AMPK signaling pathway, which synergistically regulate energy production. Under acute low-temperature stress, the turquoise WGCNA module highlighted significant up-regulation of hub genes associated with Ribosomal and Spliceosomal pathways related to protein synthesis and processing, as well as activation of calcium signaling pathways, which plays an important role in maintaining cellular function during low-temperature adaptation. These findings provide a critical theoretical and molecular basis for the adaptation of eurythermal fish to rapid temperature changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghong He
- College of Fisheries, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushang 316022, China
| | - Qiaodie Ye
- College of Fisheries, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushang 316022, China
| | - Shiyuan Pan
- College of Fisheries, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushang 316022, China
| | - Yongyao Guo
- College of Fisheries, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushang 316022, China
| | - Zhangjie Chu
- College of Fisheries, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushang 316022, China
| | - Yang Gao
- College of Fisheries, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushang 316022, China
| | - Xiaoxin Dai
- College of Fisheries, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushang 316022, China
| | - Shanshan Zhao
- College of Fisheries, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushang 316022, China
| | - Bo Zhao
- College of Fisheries, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushang 316022, China.
| | - Qiumei Ruan
- Shaoxing City Shangyu District Aquaculture Technology Extension Center, Shaoxing 312300, China.
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Langille BL, Sae-Lim P, Boison S, Wiper PG, Garber AF. Genome-wide association identifies genomic regions influencing fillet color in Northwest Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar Linnaeus 1758). Front Genet 2024; 15:1402927. [PMID: 39130751 PMCID: PMC11310022 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2024.1402927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) is an important source of food globally; however, fillet color can significantly affect consumer purchasing, leading to potential food waste. Fish diets can be supplemented with astaxanthin to increase the organic pigment, carotenoid, responsible for flesh coloration; however, there is variation in the amount of overall fillet coloration in response to feeding astaxanthin. The uptake of this pigment is influenced by the environment and genetics and has been shown to be heritable. Therefore, we set out to determine the genomic associations of two separate year classes of farmed North American Atlantic salmon with measured Minolta Chroma Meter (lightness, redness, and yellowness) and SalmoFan phenotypic traits. Using ASReml-R genome-wide association, two genetic markers on chromosome 26 were significantly associated with almost all color traits, and these two markers explained between 6.0% and 12.5% of the variances. The genomic region on chromosome 26 was importantly found to be associated with the beta-carotene oxygenase 1 (bco1) gene, which is essential in the conversion of beta-carotenoids to vitamin A, implying that this gene may also play an important role in flesh coloration in North American Atlantic salmon. Additionally, there were several genomic regions significantly associated with color traits, in which the accompanying genes had functions in line with thermogenesis, immune function, and pathogenic responses. Understanding how environmental and genetic factors work together to affect fillet quality traits will help inform genetic improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Philip G. Wiper
- The Huntsman Marine Science Centre, Saint Andrews, NB, Canada
| | - Amber F. Garber
- The Huntsman Marine Science Centre, Saint Andrews, NB, Canada
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Chang Y, Zheng F, Chen M, Liu C, Zheng L. Chlorella pyrenoidosa polysaccharides supplementation increases Drosophila melanogaster longevity at high temperature. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 276:133844. [PMID: 39004249 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Chlorella pyrenoidos polysaccharides (CPPs) are the main active components of Chlorella pyrenoidos. They possess beneficial health properties, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immune-enhancing. This study aims to investigate the protective function and mechanism of CPPs against high-temperature stress injury. Results showed that supplementation with 20 mg/mL CPPs significantly extended the lifespan of Drosophila melanogaster under high-temperature stress, improved its motility, and enhanced its resistance to starvation and oxidative stress. These effects were mainly attributed to the activation of Nrf2 signaling and enhanced antioxidant capacity. Additionally, it has been discovered that CPPs supplementation enhanced Drosophila resilience by preventing the disruption of the intestinal barrier and accumulation of reactive oxygen species caused by heat stress. Overall, these studies suggest that CPPs could be a useful natural therapy for preventing heat stress-induced injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Chang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Feng Zheng
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Miao Chen
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Changhong Liu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China; Engineering Research Center of Bio-Process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China.
| | - Lei Zheng
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China; Engineering Research Center of Bio-Process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China.
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Yang H, Du D, Zhang Q, Teame T, Wang A, Hao Q, Liu S, Ding Q, Yao Y, Yang Y, Ran C, Li S, Zhang Z, Zhou Z. Dietary Bacillus velezensis T23 fermented products supplementation improves growth, hepatopancreas and intestine health of Litopenaeus vannamei. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 149:109595. [PMID: 38692381 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to elucidate the effects of dietary fermented products of Bacillus velezensis T23 on the growth, immune response and gut microbiota in Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). Shrimp were fed with diets containing fermentation products of B. velezensis T23 at levels of (0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5 g/kg) for 4 weeks, to assess the influence on shrimp growth. The results showed that 0.3 and 0.4 g/kg T23 supplementation improved shrimp growth and feed utilization. Based on these results we selected these three diets (Control, 0.3T23 and 0.4T23) to assess the effect on immune response and gut microbiota of shrimp. Compared with the control, the 0.3T23 and 0.4T23 groups enhanced lipase and α-amylase activities in the gut significantly. Moreover, the 0.4T23 group decreased TAG and MDA levels in hepatopancreas, ALT and AST levels of serum significantly (P < 0.05). In hepatopancreas, CAT and SOD activities were improved observably and the MDA content was reduced markedly in both T23 groups. The expressions of antimicrobial related genes, Cru and peroxinectin in the 0.3T23 group, and proPO and peroxinectin in the 0.4T23 group were up-regulated remarkably (P < 0.05). Moreover, hepatopancreas of shrimp fed with a diet amended with T23 showed a significant down-regulated expression of nf-kb and tnf-α genes, while expressions of tgf-β was considerably up-regulated. Furthermore, serum LPS and LBP contents were reduced markedly in T23 groups. Intestinal SOD and CAT were noteworthy higher in T23 groups (P < 0.05). In the intestine of shrimp fed on the diet enriched with T23 the expression of nf-κb and tnf-α exhibited markedly down-regulated, whereas hif1α was up-regulated (P < 0.05). Besides, in the intestine of shrimp grouped under T23, Cru and peroxinectin genes were markedly up-regulated (P < 0.05). Dietary 0.3 g/kg T23 also upregulated the ratio of Rhodobacteraceae to Vibrionaceae in the gut of the shrimp. Taken together, the inclusion of B. velezensis T23 in the diet of shrimp enhanced the growth and feed utilization, enhanced hepatopancreas and intestine health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Yang
- China-Norway Joint Lab on Fish Gut Microbiota, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China; Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Dongdong Du
- China-Norway Joint Lab on Fish Gut Microbiota, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Qingshuang Zhang
- China-Norway Joint Lab on Fish Gut Microbiota, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Tsegay Teame
- China-Norway Joint Lab on Fish Gut Microbiota, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China; Tigray Agricultural Research Institute (TARI), Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia
| | - Anran Wang
- China-Norway Joint Lab on Fish Gut Microbiota, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Qiang Hao
- China-Norway Joint Lab on Fish Gut Microbiota, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China; Norway-China Joint Lab on Fish Gut Microbiota, Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, 7491, Norway
| | - Shubin Liu
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Qianwen Ding
- China-Norway Joint Lab on Fish Gut Microbiota, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yuanyuan Yao
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yalin Yang
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Chao Ran
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Shengkang Li
- Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China; Faculty of Land and Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
| | - Zhigang Zhou
- China-Norway Joint Lab on Fish Gut Microbiota, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China; Kunpeng Institute of Modern Agriculture of Foshan, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Foshan, 528225, China.
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da Silva DO, Ratko J, Côrrea APN, da Silva NG, Pereira DMC, Schleger IC, Neundorf AKA, de Souza MRDP, Herrerias T, Donatti L. Assessing physiological responses and oxidative stress effects in Rhamdia voulezi exposed to high temperatures. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2024; 50:617-633. [PMID: 38175338 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-023-01294-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Exposure to high temperatures induces changes in fish respiration, resulting in an increased production of reactive oxygen species. This, in turn, affects the enzymatic and non-enzymatic components of antioxidant defenses, which are essential for mitigating cellular stress. Rhamdia voulezi, an economically important fish species endemic to Brazil's Iguaçu River, served as the subject of our study. Our goal was to assess enzymatic antioxidant biomarkers (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione S-transferase, glutathione reductase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase), non-protein thiol levels (reduced glutathione), and markers of oxidative damage (lipoperoxidation and carbonylation) in the liver, gills, and kidneys of R. voulezi after acute exposure to high temperatures (31°C) for 2, 6, 12, 24, and 96 h. Control groups were maintained at 21°C. Our findings revealed that the liver exhibited increased superoxide dismutase levels up to 12 h and elevated glutathione S-transferase levels at 12 and 96 h at 31°C. In the gills, superoxide dismutase levels increased up to 24 h, along with increased lipoperoxidation at 2, 6, 12, and 96 h of exposure to high temperatures. The kidneys responded to heat stress at 12 h, with an increase in superoxide dismutase and catalase activity, and lipid peroxidation was observed at 2 and 6 h at 31°C. The three tissues evaluated responded differently to heat stress, with the liver demonstrating greater physiological adjustment to high temperatures. The intricate interplay of various antioxidant defense biomarkers and oxidative damage suggests the presence of oxidative stress in R. voulezi when exposed to high temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Ortiz da Silva
- Adaptive Biology Laboratory, Federal University of Paraná, Av. Cel.Francisco H. dos Santos, s/n, Jardim das Américas, 19031, Curitiba, Paraná, CEP: 81531-970, Brazil
| | - Jonathan Ratko
- Adaptive Biology Laboratory, Federal University of Paraná, Av. Cel.Francisco H. dos Santos, s/n, Jardim das Américas, 19031, Curitiba, Paraná, CEP: 81531-970, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Nascimento Côrrea
- Adaptive Biology Laboratory, Federal University of Paraná, Av. Cel.Francisco H. dos Santos, s/n, Jardim das Américas, 19031, Curitiba, Paraná, CEP: 81531-970, Brazil
| | - Niumaique Gonçalves da Silva
- Adaptive Biology Laboratory, Federal University of Paraná, Av. Cel.Francisco H. dos Santos, s/n, Jardim das Américas, 19031, Curitiba, Paraná, CEP: 81531-970, Brazil
| | - Diego Mauro Carneiro Pereira
- Adaptive Biology Laboratory, Federal University of Paraná, Av. Cel.Francisco H. dos Santos, s/n, Jardim das Américas, 19031, Curitiba, Paraná, CEP: 81531-970, Brazil
| | - Ieda Cristina Schleger
- Adaptive Biology Laboratory, Federal University of Paraná, Av. Cel.Francisco H. dos Santos, s/n, Jardim das Américas, 19031, Curitiba, Paraná, CEP: 81531-970, Brazil
| | - Ananda Karla Alvez Neundorf
- Adaptive Biology Laboratory, Federal University of Paraná, Av. Cel.Francisco H. dos Santos, s/n, Jardim das Américas, 19031, Curitiba, Paraná, CEP: 81531-970, Brazil
| | - Maria Rosa Dmengeon Pedreiro de Souza
- Adaptive Biology Laboratory, Federal University of Paraná, Av. Cel.Francisco H. dos Santos, s/n, Jardim das Américas, 19031, Curitiba, Paraná, CEP: 81531-970, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Herrerias
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Lucélia Donatti
- Adaptive Biology Laboratory, Federal University of Paraná, Av. Cel.Francisco H. dos Santos, s/n, Jardim das Américas, 19031, Curitiba, Paraná, CEP: 81531-970, Brazil.
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Elbahnaswy S, Elshopakey GE. Recent progress in practical applications of a potential carotenoid astaxanthin in aquaculture industry: a review. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2024; 50:97-126. [PMID: 36607534 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-022-01167-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Astaxanthin is the main natural C40 carotenoid used worldwide in the aquaculture industry. It normally occurs in red yeast Phaffia rhodozyma and green alga Haematococcus pluvialis and a variety of aquatic sea creatures, such as trout, salmon, and shrimp. Numerous biological functions reported its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities since astaxanthin possesses the highest oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) and is considered to be over 500 more times effective than vitamin E and other carotenoids such as lutein and lycopene. Thus, synthetic and natural sources of astaxanthin have a commanding influence on industry trends, causing a wave in the world nutraceutical market of the encapsulated product. In vitro and in vivo studies have associated astaxanthin's unique molecular features with various health benefits, including immunomodulatory, photoprotective, and antioxidant properties, providing its chemotherapeutic potential for improving stress tolerance, disease resistance, growth performance, survival, and improved egg quality in farmed fish and crustaceans without exhibiting any cytotoxic effects. Moreover, the most evident effect is the pigmentation merit, where astaxanthin is supplemented in formulated diets to ameliorate the variegation of aquatic species and eventually product quality. Hence, carotenoid astaxanthin could be used as a curative supplement for farmed fish, since it is regarded as an ecologically friendly functional feed additive in the aquaculture industry. In this review, the currently available scientific literature regarding the most significant benefits of astaxanthin is discussed, with a particular focus on potential mechanisms of action responsible for its biological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samia Elbahnaswy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Infectious and Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt.
| | - Gehad E Elshopakey
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
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Li T, Zheng PH, Zhang XX, Zhang ZL, Li JT, Li JJ, Xu JR, Wang DM, Xian JA, Guo H, Lu YP. Effects of dietary astaxanthin on growth performance, muscle composition, non-specific immunity, gene expression, and ammonia resistance of juvenile ivory shell (Babylonia areolate). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 145:109363. [PMID: 38185392 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Astaxanthin is one of the important immunopotentators in aquaculture. However, little is known about the physiological changes and stress resistance effects of astaxanthin in marine gastropods. In this study, the effects of different astaxanthin concentrations (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 mg/kg) on the growth, muscle composition, immune function, and resistance to ammonia stress in Babylonia areolata were investigated after three months of rearing. With the increase in astaxanthin content, the weight gain rate (WGR), specific growth rate (SGR), and survival rate (SR) of B. areolata showed an increasing trend. The 75-100 mg/kg group was significantly higher than the control group (0 mg/kg). There was no significant difference in the flesh shell ratio (FSR), viscerosomatic index (VSI), and soft tissue index (STI) of the experimental groups. Astaxanthin (75 mg/kg) significantly increased muscle crude protein content and increased hepatopancreas alkaline phosphatase (AKP), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) activity. Astaxanthin (75-100 mg/kg) significantly increased the total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and acid phosphatase (ACP) of the hepatopancreas and decreased the malondialdehyde (MDA) content of B. areolata. Astaxanthin significantly induced the expression levels of functional genes, such as SOD, Cu/ZnSOD, ferritin, ACP, and CYC in hepatopancreas and increased the survival rate of B. areolata under ammonia stress. The addition of 75-100 mg/kg astaxanthin to the feed improved the growth performance, muscle composition, immune function, and resistance to ammonia stress of B. areolata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Li
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Functional Components Research and Utilization of Marine Bio-Resources, Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, People's Republic of China; Guangdong South China Sea Key Laboratory of Aquaculture for Aquatic Economic Animals, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524025, People's Republic of China
| | - Pei-Hua Zheng
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Functional Components Research and Utilization of Marine Bio-Resources, Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiu-Xia Zhang
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Functional Components Research and Utilization of Marine Bio-Resources, Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, People's Republic of China
| | - Ze-Long Zhang
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Functional Components Research and Utilization of Marine Bio-Resources, Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Tao Li
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Functional Components Research and Utilization of Marine Bio-Resources, Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Jun Li
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Functional Components Research and Utilization of Marine Bio-Resources, Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Rui Xu
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Functional Components Research and Utilization of Marine Bio-Resources, Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong-Mei Wang
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Functional Components Research and Utilization of Marine Bio-Resources, Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-An Xian
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Functional Components Research and Utilization of Marine Bio-Resources, Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, People's Republic of China; Guangdong South China Sea Key Laboratory of Aquaculture for Aquatic Economic Animals, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524025, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hui Guo
- Guangdong South China Sea Key Laboratory of Aquaculture for Aquatic Economic Animals, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524025, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yao-Peng Lu
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Functional Components Research and Utilization of Marine Bio-Resources, Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, People's Republic of China.
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Shastak Y, Pelletier W. Captivating Colors, Crucial Roles: Astaxanthin's Antioxidant Impact on Fish Oxidative Stress and Reproductive Performance. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3357. [PMID: 37958112 PMCID: PMC10648254 DOI: 10.3390/ani13213357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Fish, constantly exposed to environmental stressors due to their aquatic habitat and high metabolic rates, are susceptible to oxidative stress. This review examines the interplay between oxidative stress and fish reproduction, emphasizing the potent antioxidant properties of astaxanthin. Our primary objective is to highlight astaxanthin's role in mitigating oxidative stress during critical reproductive stages, leading to improved gamete quality, ovary development, and hormone levels. We also explore its practical applications in aquaculture, including enhanced pigmentation and overall fish health. We conducted a comprehensive literature review, analyzing studies on astaxanthin's antioxidant properties and its impact on fish reproduction. Astaxanthin, a carotenoid pigment, effectively combats reactive oxygen species, inhibiting lipid peroxidation and maintaining membrane integrity. It significantly enhances reproductive success in fish and improves overall fish health in aquaculture settings. This review reveals astaxanthin's multifaceted benefits in fish health and reproduction, offering economic advantages in aquaculture. Future research should delve into species-specific responses, optimal dosages, and the long-term effects of astaxanthin supplementation to inform sustainable aquaculture strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yauheni Shastak
- Nutrition & Health Division, BASF SE, 67063 Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany
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Amoah K, Tan B, Zhang S, Chi S, Yang Q, Liu H, Yang Y, Zhang H, Dong X. Host gut-derived Bacillus probiotics supplementation improves growth performance, serum and liver immunity, gut health, and resistive capacity against Vibrio harveyi infection in hybrid grouper ( ♀Epinephelus fuscoguttatus × ♂ Epinephelus lanceolatus). ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2023; 14:163-184. [PMID: 37448647 PMCID: PMC10338153 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2023.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Several reports have revealed the vital role that probiotics play in fish growth and health. However, few works are available for host gut-derived probiotics on the growth, immunity, and gut microbiota of fish, especially in hybrid grouper (♀Epinephelus fuscoguttatus × ♂Epinephelus lanceolatus) due to their isolation difficulty and functional verification. This study aimed at assessing 3 host gut-derived Bacillus species' effects on the growth, immune and antioxidant-biochemical responses, haematological parameters, intestinal morphology, immune-related gene expression, gut microbiota, and disease resistance against Vibrio harveyi in hybrid grouper. A total of 480 hybrid grouper (initial weight = 9.03 ± 0.02 g) were randomly allotted into 4 groups, namely, the group fed a basal diet without probiotic inclusion (control, B0), the group fed the basal diet with Bacillus velezensis GPSAK4 (BV), the group fed the basal diet with Bacillus subtilis GPSAK9 (BS), and the group fed the basal diet with Bacillus tequilensis GPSAK2 (BT) strains at 1.0 × 109 CFU/g. After a 6-week feeding trial, the results revealed significant improvements (P < 0.05) in the growth performance, whole fish-body proximate composition, blood haematological parameters, serum, liver, and intestinal biochemical indexes, intestinal morphology, and protection against V. harveyi pathogen in the probiotic-treated groups compared with the untreated. Additionally, the expressions of intestinal tight junction genes (occludin and ZO1), pro- and anti-inflammatory genes, including IL1β, IL6, IL8, TNFα, MyD88, IL10, and TGFβ, were upregulated (P < 0.05) after Bacillus species administration. Host gut-derived Bacillus supplementation shaped the gut microbiota by significantly increasing (P < 0.05) the relative abundance of Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria (except the BS group), Acidobacteria (except the BT group), Cyanobacteria (except the BV and BT groups), and Verrucomicrobia phyla, as well as known beneficial genera (Romboutsia, Turicibacter, Epulopiscium, Clostridium_sensu_stricto 1 and 13, Lactobacillus, and Bacillus), but significantly decreased (P < 0.05) the abundance of Firmicutes, Chloroflexi, and Fusobacteria phyla, and purported pathogenic genera (Staphylococcus and Photobacterium) compared with the control group. Collectively, the results suggest that B. velezensis GPSAK4, B. subtilis GPSAK9 (especially this strain), B. tequilensis GPSAK2 dietary supplementation at 1.0 × 109 CFU/g has positive effects on the intestinal health of hybrid grouper via microbial composition modulation, thus enhancing the assimilation and absorption of nutrients to boost fish growth, immunity, and disease resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwaku Amoah
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524088, China
- Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High-Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Centre of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524088, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524000, China
| | - Beiping Tan
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524088, China
- Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High-Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Centre of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524088, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524000, China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524088, China
- Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High-Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Centre of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524088, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524000, China
| | - Shuyan Chi
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524088, China
- Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High-Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Centre of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524088, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524000, China
| | - Qihui Yang
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524088, China
- Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High-Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Centre of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524088, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524000, China
| | - Hongyu Liu
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524088, China
- Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High-Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Centre of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524088, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524000, China
| | - Yuanzhi Yang
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524088, China
| | - Haitao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524000, China
| | - Xiaohui Dong
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524088, China
- Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High-Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Centre of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524088, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524000, China
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10
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Wu Y, Xiao Y, Li W, Yang C, Ma W, Pang Z, Zhang J, Xiao Z, Li J. Tea polyphenols, astaxanthin, and melittin can significantly enhance the immune response of juvenile spotted knifejaw (Oplegnathus punctatus). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 138:108817. [PMID: 37230309 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The frequent occurrence of diseases seriously hampers the sustainable development of the spotted knifejaw (Oplegnathus punctatus) breeding industry. Our previous genome-wide scan and cross-species comparative genomic analysis revealed that the immune gene family (Toll-like receptors, TLR) members of O. punctatus underwent a significant contraction event (tlr1, tlr2, tlr14, tlr5, and tlr23). To address immune genetic contraction may result in reduced immunity, we investigated whether adding different doses (0, 200, 400, 600, and 800 mg/kg) of immune enhancers (tea polyphenols, astaxanthin, and melittin) to the bait after 30 days of continuous feeding could stimulate the immune response of O. punctatus. We found that the expression of tlr1, tlr14, tlr23 genes in immune organs (spleen and head kidney) was stimulated when tea polyphenols were added at 600 mg/kg. The tlr2 (400 mg/kg), tlr14 (200 mg/kg), tlr5 (200 mg/kg), and tlr23 (200 mg/kg) genes expression of intestine were elevated in the tea polyphenol group. When the addition of astaxanthin is 600 mg/kg, it can effectively stimulate the expression of tlr14 gene in immune organs (liver, spleen and head kidney). In the astaxanthin group, the expression of the genes tlr1 (400 mg/kg), tlr14 (600 mg/kg), tlr5 (400 mg/kg) and tlr23 (400 mg/kg) reached their highest expression in the intestine. Besides, the addition of 400 mg/kg of melittin can effectively induce the expression of tlr genes in the liver, spleen and head kidney, except the tlr5 gene. The tlr-related genes expression in the intestine was not significantly elevated in the melittin group. We hypothesize that the immune enhancers could enhance the immunity of O. punctatus by increasing the expression of tlr genes, and thereby leading to increased resistance to diseases. Meanwhile, our findings further demonstrated that significant increases in weight gain rate (WGR), visceral index (VSI), and feed conversion rate (FCR) were observed at 400 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg of tea polyphenols, astaxanthin and melittin in the diet, respectively. Overall, our study provided valuable insights for future immunity enhancement and viral infection prevention in O. punctatus, as well as offered guidance for the healthy development of the O. punctatus breeding industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanduo Wu
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yongshuang Xiao
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Wensheng Li
- Laizhou Mingbo Aquatic Products Co., Ltd., Yantai, 261418, China
| | - Chuanjun Yang
- Laizhou Mingbo Aquatic Products Co., Ltd., Yantai, 261418, China
| | - Wenhui Ma
- Laizhou Mingbo Aquatic Products Co., Ltd., Yantai, 261418, China
| | - Zunfang Pang
- Laizhou Mingbo Aquatic Products Co., Ltd., Yantai, 261418, China
| | - Jiawei Zhang
- Laizhou Mingbo Aquatic Products Co., Ltd., Yantai, 261418, China
| | - Zhizhong Xiao
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.
| | - Jun Li
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.
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11
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Huang JN, Wen B, Li XX, Xu L, Gao JZ, Chen ZZ. Astaxanthin mitigates oxidative stress caused by microplastics at the expense of reduced skin pigmentation in discus fish. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 874:162494. [PMID: 36863590 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) exposure generally triggers oxidative stress in fish species and vertebrate pigmentation is commonly influenced by oxidative stress, but MPs-induced oxidative stress on fish pigmentation and body color phenotype has not been reported. The aim of this study is to determine whether astaxanthin could mitigate the oxidative stress caused by MPs but at the expense of reduced skin pigmentation in fish. Here, we induced oxidative stress in discus fish (red skin color) by 40 or 400 items/L MPs under both astaxanthin (ASX) deprivation and supplementation. We found that lightness (L*) and redness (a*) values of fish skin were significantly inhibited by MPs under ASX deprivation. Moreover, MPs exposure significantly reduced ASX deposition in fish skin. The total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in fish liver and skin were both significantly increased with the increase of MPs concentration, but content of glutathione (GSH) in fish skin showed a significant decrease. For ASX supplementation, the L*, a* values and ASX deposition were significantly improved by ASX, including the skin of MPs-exposed fish. The T-AOC and SOD levels changed non-significantly in fish liver and skin under the interaction of MPs and ASX, but ASX significantly reduced GSH content in fish liver. Biomarker response index indicated that ASX could improve the moderately altered antioxidant defense status of MPs-exposed fish. This study suggests that the oxidative stress caused by MPs was mitigated by ASX but at expense of reduced fish skin pigmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Nan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Bin Wen
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
| | - Xin-Xin Li
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Lei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Jian-Zhong Gao
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Zai-Zhong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
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12
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Costa DPDA, Silva MJS, Geraldi RM, Lorenzini JP, Mattioli CC, Oliveira ADEL, Luz RK, Miranda-Filho KC. Effects of the use of synthetic astaxanthin in the feeding of Lophiosilurus alexandri, a neotropical siluriform fish. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2022; 94:e20210434. [PMID: 36477818 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202220210434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Aiming to test the capacity of retention of carotenoids in tissues, Lophiosilurus alexandri juveniles were fed diets containing 0, 25, 50, 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg of synthetic astaxanthin for 62 days. The inclusion of astaxanthin did not result in significant differences in growth, weight gain, apparent feed conversion, and feed efficiency of the fish. Blood biochemistry and liver histology did not change with the different treatments. At the level of 100 mg/kg of inclusion, there were the highest levels of carotenoids in the blood, and muscle and the smallest difference between the muscle x integument ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P DA Costa
- Universidade do Estado do Amapá, Campus Território dos Lagos, Av. Desiderio Coelho 420, Sete Mangueiras, 68950-000 Amapá, AP, Brazil
| | - Márcio José S Silva
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Departamento de Zootecnia, Escola de Veterinária, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Marcelo Geraldi
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Departamento de Zootecnia, Escola de Veterinária, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - João Paulo Lorenzini
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Departamento de Zootecnia, Escola de Veterinária, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Cristiano C Mattioli
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Departamento de Zootecnia, Escola de Veterinária, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Afonso DE Liguori Oliveira
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Departamento de Tecnologia e Inspeção de Produtos de Origem Animal, Escola de Veterinária, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Ronald K Luz
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Departamento de Zootecnia, Escola de Veterinária, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Kleber C Miranda-Filho
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Departamento de Zootecnia, Escola de Veterinária, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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13
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Zhang X, Yu H, Yan X, Li P, Wang C, Zhang C, Ji H, Gao Q, Dong S. Selenium improved mitochondrial quality and energy supply in the liver of high-fat diet-fed grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) after heat stress. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2022; 48:1701-1716. [PMID: 36348187 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-022-01140-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to explore the effects of dietary selenium on hepatic mitochondrial quality and energy supply of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) fed with high-fat diet (HFD) after heat stress (HS). Grass carp were fed with HFD, and HFD contained 0.3 mg/kg nano-selenium for 10 weeks, thereafter exposed to HS from 26 to 34 °C, and named the HFD + HS (control) group and the HFD + Se + HS group, respectively. The results show that selenium significantly prompted the growth, increased glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activity, but reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) content in the liver and the levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in the serum of grass carp fed with HFD after HS. Further, selenium alleviated mitochondrial damage and increased the number of mitochondrial DNA copies in the liver of the grass carp fed with HFD after HS. And selenium also maintained mitochondrial homeostasis by upregulating the expression of mitochondrial quality control-related genes (pgc-1α, nrf1/2, tfam, opa1, mfn1/2, and drp1), mitophagy-related genes (beclin1, atg5, atg12, pink1, and parkin), and the protein expression of parkin and LC3-II/I in the liver of grass carp. Finally, selenium reduced the triglyceride (TG) level and increased the free fatty acid (FFA) level and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production in the liver of grass carp fed with HFD after HS. In conclusion, dietary selenium alleviated liver damage and improved liver mitochondrial quality and ATP production by increasing liver antioxidant capacity and promoting liver mitochondrial quality in grass carp fed with HFD after HS, which help grass carp to resist these two stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotian Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang, 712100, China
| | - Haibo Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang, 712100, China.
| | - Xianfang Yan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang, 712100, China
| | - Pengju Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang, 712100, China
| | - Chi Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang, 712100, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang, 712100, China
| | - Hong Ji
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang, 712100, China
| | - Qinfeng Gao
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuanglin Dong
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, People's Republic of China
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14
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Li W, Wang J, Li J, Liu P, Li J. Transcriptomics revealed the effect of astaxanthin on apoptosis and immunity of the adult prawn of Exopalaemon carinicauda. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 131:480-486. [PMID: 36195268 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.09.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Astaxanthin (Axn), a common aquatic feed additive, can enhance immunity, improve the antioxidant capacity of the crustacean and then improve the anti-stress ability of crustaceans. Exopalaemon carinicauda (E. carinicauda) is an economically important fishery species in China that has been found that dietary Axn can significantly increase ACP and AKP compared to a control diet for shrimp hepatopancreas in this study. RNA-sequencing and comparative transcriptomic analyses were utilized to explore changes in E. carinicauda gene expression following Axn feeding. Differential gene expression analyses comparing the control and Axn groups identified 631 transcripts that were differentially expressed following Axn feeding, of which 314 and 317 were respectively upregulated and downregulated. Functional enrichment analyses of these genes revealed their enrichment in 22 Gene Ontology categories and 11 KEGG pathways. In the GO and KEGG enrichment analysis, it was found that dietary astaxanthin can regulate the gene expression level of adult E. carinicauda. Many of the signal pathways enriched by these genes are related to immunity, apoptosis and anti-stress. In addition, through KEGG enrichment analysis, it was found that dietary Axn could also regulate the amino acid metabolism of hepatopancreas of adult E. carinicauda. The comprehensive comparative transcriptomic analysis showed that Axn could improve the hepatopancreatic immunity and anti-apoptosis ability of adult E. carinicauda.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyang Li
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Wuxi Fisheries College of Nanjing Agricultural University, China
| | - Jiajia Wang
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Jitao Li
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Ping Liu
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Jian Li
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China.
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15
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Zhuang Y, Li Q, Cao C, Tang XS, Wang NA, Yuan K, Zhong GF. Bovine lactoferricin on non-specific immunity of giant freshwater prawns, Macrobrachium rosenbergii. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 131:891-897. [PMID: 36334700 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary Bovine lactoferricin (LFcinB) on the growth performance and non-specific immunity in Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Five experimental diets were 1.0‰ Bovine lactoferricin (LCB1); 1.5‰ Bovine lactoferricin (LCB1.5); 2.0‰ Bovine lactoferricin (LCB2); 2.5‰ Bovine lactoferricin (LCB2.5); the control group, basal diet without Bovine lactoferricin. A total of 600 prawns were randomly assigned to 5 groups in triplicate in 15 tanks for an 8-week feeding trial. The results showed the final weight, weight gain rate, specific growth rate and survival rate of prawns in the treatment groups were significantly improved versus the control (P < 0.05). The feed conversion ratio was reduced significantly in treatment groups compared to the control (P < 0.05). Compared with the control, alkaline phosphatase (AKP), acid phosphatase (ACP), lysozyme (LZM), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities in the hepatopancreas of the treatment groups were significantly enhanced, and malondialdehyde (MDA) content was reduced significantly (P < 0.05). Compared with the control, the relative expression levels of AKP, ACP, LZM, CAT, SOD, Hsp70, peroxiredoxin-5, Toll, dorsal and relish genes were significantly higher among treatment groups, except for the AKP gene in the LCB1 group and the Hsp70 gene in the LCB1.5 group (P < 0.05). Compared with the control, the relative expression levels of TOR, 4E-BP, eIF4E1α and eIF4E2 genes were significantly enhanced in the LCB1.5 group (P < 0.05). When resistance against Vibrio parahaemolyticus in prawn is considered, higher doses of Bovine lactoferricin show better antibacterial ability. The present study indicated that dietary Bovine lactoferricin could significantly improve the growth performance and improve the antioxidative status of M. rosenbergii. The suitable addition level is 1.5 g/kg. LFcinB has great potential as a new feed additive without the threat of drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhuang
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Qi Li
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Cong Cao
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Xiang-Shan Tang
- Zhejiang Hangzhou Tiao Wang Biological Technology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, 310015, China
| | - Nu-An Wang
- South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Kun Yuan
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
| | - Guo-Fang Zhong
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; Centre for Research on Environmental Ecology and Fish Nutrition (CREEFN) of the Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, 201306, China.
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16
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Fang H, Niu J. Diet supplementation of astaxanthin mitigates cadmium induced negative effects on oxidative, inflammatory and non-specific immune responses, and the intestinal morphology in Trachinotus ovatus. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2022; 260:109407. [PMID: 35820614 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2022.109407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Knowledge about additive on alleviating the negative effects of fish exposed to cadmium (Cd) needs to be more identified in the aquaculture. Therefore, the present study aims to investigate whether diet supplemented with astaxanthin could mitigate adverse effects on hepatic Cd deposition, oxidative, inflammatory and non-specific immune responses, and intestinal morphology of Trachinotus ovatus exposed to dietary Cd treatment. Three isonitrogen-isolipid experimental diets supplemented with/without CdCl2/Astaxanthin were formulated to feed the T. ovatus for 30 days. Results demonstrated that considerably higher hepatic Cd level was found in two Cd supplementing groups compared to the control group (p < 0.05), while no statistical difference of hepatic Cd concentration between these two Cd supplementing groups (p > 0.05). The activity of hepatic total superoxide dismutase, RNA expression levels of hepatic Nrf2-keap1 pathway genes, pro-inflammatory genes, and non-specific immune genes were no statistical differences between the control group and the dietary Cd supplementing group (p > 0.05), while these data in the dietary Cd with astaxanthin group showed significantly higher than that in the dietary Cd without astaxanthin group (p < 0.05). On the contrary, hepatic malondialdehyde content in the dietary Cd group showed significantly higher than that in the control group and dietary Cd with astaxanthin group (p < 0.05). Significantly lower mid-intestine morphology parameters were obtained in the dietary Cd group than the control group (p < 0.05), while significantly higher data were found in the dietary Cd with astaxanthin group compared to the dietary Cd group (p < 0.05). These results indicated that astaxanthin could mitigate the inhibitory effects of Cd on the oxidative, inflammatory and non-specific immune responses, and intestinal morphology of T. ovatus while not reduce the hepatic Cd deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- HaoHang Fang
- State key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China; Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway
| | - Jin Niu
- State key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China.
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Khieokhajonkhet A, Aeksiri N, Ratanasut K, Kannika K, Suwannalers P, Tatsapong P, Inyawilert W, Kaneko G. Effects of dietary Hericium erinaceus powder on growth, hematology, disease resistance, and expression of genes related immune response against thermal challenge of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Anim Feed Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2022.115342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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18
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Effects of dietary astaxanthin enrichment on enhancing the colour and growth of red tilapia, Oreochromis sp. AQUACULTURE AND FISHERIES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aaf.2022.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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19
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Zhu X, Hao R, Zhang J, Tian C, Hong Y, Zhu C, Li G. Dietary astaxanthin improves the antioxidant capacity, immunity and disease resistance of coral trout (Plectropomus leopardus). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 122:38-47. [PMID: 35085737 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The effects of astaxanthin on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity, antioxidant capacity, immune ability, resistance to Vibrio harveyi infection of coral trout (Plectropomus leopardus, initial weight 17.44 ± 0.05 g) were studied by 8-week feeding trial. Four iso-nitrogenous and iso-lipidic experimental diets containing astaxanthin 0 (A0), 0.05 (A1), 0.1 (A2) and 0.2 (A3) g/kg were formulated with the addition of Haematococcus pluvialis powder (astaxanthin content accounts for 100 g/kg) of 0, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 g/kg, separately. The feeding experiment lasted for 56 days, and it was found that supplementing the diet with astaxanthin-rich H. pluvialis powder had no significant impact on the growth performance about coral trout (P > 0.05). Compared with the A0 group, the activities of amylase, lipase, and trypsin in the liver of the A2 group was dramatically increased (P < 0.05); catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) level in serum and liver were dramatically higher in the A2 group before as well as after the challenge (P < 0.05); after the challenge, the acid phosphatase (ACP) and lysozyme (LZ) activities, and complement (C3 and C4) contents in serum and liver were significantly raised for the A2 group (P < 0.05); the liver relative expressions of copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (sod-1), manganese superoxide dismutase (sod-2), cat, acp6, akp, lz-c, immunoglobulin M (igm), c3, and c4-b in the A2 group were significantly up-regulated before and after the challenge (P < 0.05); the rate of survival follow V. harveyi challenge in the group A2 was dramatically higher (P < 0.05). In summary, this study indicated that adding 1.0 g/kg astaxanthin-rich H. pluvialis powder (the content of astaxanthin is 0.091 g/kg) could improve the digestive enzyme activity, antioxidant capacity, immunity, and the ability to resist the challenge of V. harveyi in coral trout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Zhu
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China; Guangdong Research Center on Reproductive Control and Breeding Technology of Indigenous Valuable Fish Species & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China
| | - Ruijuan Hao
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhanjiang), Zhanjiang, 524025, PR China
| | - Junpeng Zhang
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China; Guangdong Research Center on Reproductive Control and Breeding Technology of Indigenous Valuable Fish Species & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China
| | - Changxu Tian
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China; Guangdong Research Center on Reproductive Control and Breeding Technology of Indigenous Valuable Fish Species & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China
| | - Yucong Hong
- Guangdong Yuequn Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Larvae Feed, Jieyang, 522000, PR China
| | - Chunhua Zhu
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhanjiang), Zhanjiang, 524025, PR China
| | - Guangli Li
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China; Guangdong Research Center on Reproductive Control and Breeding Technology of Indigenous Valuable Fish Species & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China.
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20
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Wu J, Tian S, Luo K, Zhang Y, Pan H, Zhang W, Mai K. Dietary recombinant human lysozyme improves the growth, intestinal health, immunity and disease resistance of Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 121:39-52. [PMID: 34983003 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.12.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary recombinant human lysozyme (RHL) on the growth, immune response, anti-oxidative activity, intestinal morphology, intestinal microflora and disease resistance of shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. Shrimps with an initial body weight of 2.36 ± 0.02 g were fed diets supplemented with 0 (control group, R0), 0.0025% (R1), 0.005% (R2), 0.01% (R3), 0.02% (R4) and 0.04% (R5) of RHL, respectively. After a 10-week feeding trial, the final body weight, survival rate, weight gain ratio and protein efficiency rate of the shrimps in dietary RHL supplemented groups were significantly higher than that in the control group, while feed conversion ratio was significantly lower (P < 0.05). The total haemocyte count, total anti-oxidative capacity, respiratory burst, activities of phagocytosis, nitric oxide synthase, phenol oxidase and lysozyme in serum were significantly higher in dietary RHL supplemented groups than those in the control group (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, the intestinal pile height and wall thickness were significantly higher in dietary RHL supplemented groups than those in the control group (P < 0.05). Dietary RHL significantly improved the expressions of immune-related genes in gill, such as lipopolysaccharide-β-glucan binding protein, Toll, immune deficiency, heat shock protein 70 and Crustin (P < 0.05). The abundance of proteobacteria and bacteroidetes in intestine was higher, while the abundance of firmicutes and cyanobacteria was lower than those in the control group at the phylum level. In addition, dietary RHL supplementation significantly improved the protective ability of shrimp against V. parahaemolyticus infection (P < 0.05). Based on the broken-line model analysis for weight gain ratio after the feeding trial, the optimal level of dietary RHL supplementation for shrimp was estimated to be 0.006375%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feeds, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China; The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, China; Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Shuangjie Tian
- The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feeds, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China; The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, China; Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Kai Luo
- The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feeds, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China; The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, China; Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Yanjiao Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feeds, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China; The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, China; Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Hongtao Pan
- Zhejiang Aegis Biotech Co., Ltd., Jinghua, 322200, China
| | - Wenbing Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feeds, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China; The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, China; Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Wen Hai Road, Qingdao, 266237, China.
| | - Kangsen Mai
- The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feeds, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China; The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, China; Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Wen Hai Road, Qingdao, 266237, China
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Mugwanya M, Dawood MA, Kimera F, Sewilam H. Anthropogenic temperature fluctuations and their effect on aquaculture: A comprehensive review. AQUACULTURE AND FISHERIES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aaf.2021.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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22
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Kumar S, Kumar R, Kumari A, Panwar A. Astaxanthin: A super antioxidant from microalgae and its therapeutic potential. J Basic Microbiol 2021; 62:1064-1082. [PMID: 34817092 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202100391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Astaxanthin is a ketocarotenoid, super antioxidant molecule. It has higher antioxidant activity than a range of carotenoids, thus has applications in cosmetics, aquaculture, nutraceuticals, therapeutics, and pharmaceuticals. Naturally, it is derived from Haematococcus pluvialis via a one-stage process or two-stage process. Natural astaxanthin significantly reduces oxidative and free-radical stress as compared to synthetic astaxanthin. The present review summarizes all the aspects of astaxanthin, including its structure, chemistry, bioavailability, and current production technology. Also, this paper gives a detailed mechanism for the potential role of astaxanthin as nutraceuticals for cardiovascular disease prevention, skin protection, antidiabetic and anticancer, cosmetic ingredient, natural food colorant, and feed supplement in poultry and aquaculture. Astaxanthin is one of the high-valued microalgae products of the future. However, due to some risks involved or not having adequate research in terms of long-term consumption, it is still yet to be explored by food industries. Although the cost of naturally derived astaxanthin is high, it accounts for only a 1% share in total astaxanthin available in the global market. Therefore, scientists are looking for ways to cut down the cost of natural astaxanthin to be made available to consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satish Kumar
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, India
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- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, India
| | - Anju Kumari
- Centre of Food Science and Technology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, India
| | - Anil Panwar
- Department of Molecular Biology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, India
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23
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Effects of Different Temperatures on the Antibacterial, Immune and Growth Performance of Crucian Carp Epidermal Mucus. FISHES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/fishes6040066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Fish is one of the important sources of energy and protein, and proper water temperature is key to successful fish breeding. The authors of this study evaluated crucian carp growth, mucus antibacterial properties, and immune indicators at 17, 21, 24, 27, and 31 °C. The results indicated that in the range of 17–31 °C, the resistance of epidermal mucus to Vibrio harveyi decreased with temperature rising. At 24 and 27 °C, the activities of lysozyme and catalase significantly increased; alkaline phosphatase activity, superoxide dismutase activity, and total protein concentration first increased and then decreased with rising temperature; the highest values were observed at 24 °C, with increases of 56.55%, 26.64%, and 44.52%, respectively, compared to those under the 17 °C treatment. When the treatment reached 27 °C, the temperature had an effect on the growth and antibacterial properties of crucian carp, and the activities of alkaline phosphatase and superoxide dismutase were significantly reduced. At temperatures of 17–24 °C, the survival rate of crucian carp could reach more than 93%, and at the temperature of 24 °C, the specific growth rate reached the highest value of 43.29%. Therefore, the most favorable temperature for the long-term breeding of crucian carp was found to be 24 °C. This study provides a favorable experimental basis for the establishment of intelligent aquaculture systems and the setting of water environment parameters.
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Zhang X, Wang H, Zhang J, Lin B, Chen L, Wang Q, Li G, Deng J. Utilization of different lysine isomers: A case study on the growth, metabolic enzymes, antioxidant capacity and muscle amino acid composition in Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2021.115078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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25
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Lim KC, Yusoff FM, Shariff M, Kamarudin MS. Dietary astaxanthin augments disease resistance of Asian seabass, Lates calcarifer (Bloch, 1790), against Vibrio alginolyticus infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 114:90-101. [PMID: 33838221 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This investigation describes the impacts of dietary provisioning with astaxanthin on hemato-biochemistry, non-specific immunity, and disease resistance of the Asian seabass, Lates calcarifer, against the virulent Vibrio alginolyticus; with specific reference to dose-response associations and variations over different post-infection periods (0-, 7-, and 14-day). Triplicate groups of fish weighing 28 g, on average, were fed various diets (C, the control or astaxanthin-free; AXT50, 50 mg astaxanthin kg-1 diet; AXT100, 100 mg astaxanthin kg-1 diet; and AXT150, 150 mg astaxanthin kg-1 diet) for 90 days and subsequently challenged with V. alginolyticus at the end of the feeding period. Experimental infection unveiled that supplemented fish demonstrated significant improvements (P < 0.05) of hematological parameters (white blood cell [WBC] and red blood cell [RBC] counts, and hemoglobin and hematocrit levels) when fed diets with elevating supplemental doses of astaxanthin through distinct post-infection periods (0-, 7-, and 14-day). Furthermore, the administration of dietary astaxanthin at escalating levels markedly enhanced (P < 0.05) the serum biochemical profile (aspartate aminotransferase [AST], alanine aminotransferase [ALT], glucose, cortisol, cholesterol, and triglyceride contents) of challenged fish, resulting in better welfare. Significantly higher (P < 0.05) contents of serum total protein were observed in supplemented fish, as opposed to the control. Additionally, immunological defense mechanisms (lysozyme activity, phagocytic activity, respiratory burst activity, and total serum immunoglobulin) of challenged fish were pronouncedly elicited (P < 0.05) following the ingestion of astaxanthin. Besides, the supplementation with dietary astaxanthin significantly augmented (P < 0.05) the post-challenge survival rate of fish. Collectively, the results manifest that supplementary feeding of astaxanthin is effective in reinforcing fish immunocompetence and disease resistance against V. alginolyticus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keng Chin Lim
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Fatimah Md Yusoff
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; International Institute of Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Mohamed Shariff
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Aquatic Animal Health Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Salleh Kamarudin
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; International Institute of Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Wu S, Xu B. Effect of dietary astaxanthin administration on the growth performance and innate immunity of juvenile crucian carp ( Carassius auratus). 3 Biotech 2021; 11:151. [PMID: 33747701 PMCID: PMC7925722 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-02700-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aims to explore the effects of oral astaxanthin administration on the growth performance and innate immunity of juvenile crucian carp (Carassius auratus). Juvenile crucian carps with a bodyweight of 40.06 ± 2.17 g were randomly assigned to four groups, i.e., one control group fed with a basic diet and three treatment groups fed with a diet that contains 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg astaxanthin. After 60 days of feeding, the groups fed with astaxanthin-containing diets had improved body weight gain rate; feed conversion ratio; intestinal digestive protease, lipase and amylase levels; serum superoxide dismutase, catalase, acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase and lysozyme activities; complement 3 and complement 4 levels; interleukin (IL)-10 and resistance to Aeromonas hydrophilia and reduced serum aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase activities and tumour necrosis factor-α, IL-1β and IL-8 levels compared with those of the control group. Based on the efficiency of the oral administration of astaxanthin on the growth performance of juvenile crucian carps, the optimum dose of astaxanthin was 400 mg/kg. Results indicated that astaxanthin may be used as a dietary supplement for the crucian carp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengjun Wu
- Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, 59 Cangwu Road, Haizhou, 222005 China
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Ocean University, 59 Cangwu Road, Haizhou, 222005 China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, 59 Cangwu Road, Haizhou, 222005 China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, 59 Cangwu Road, Haizhou, 222005 China
| | - Bing Xu
- Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, 59 Cangwu Road, Haizhou, 222005 China
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Ocean University, 59 Cangwu Road, Haizhou, 222005 China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, 59 Cangwu Road, Haizhou, 222005 China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, 59 Cangwu Road, Haizhou, 222005 China
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Jin X, Chen Z, Shi Y, Gui JF, Zhao Z. Response of gut microbiota to feed-borne bacteria depends on fish growth rate: a snapshot survey of farmed juvenile Takifugu obscurus. Microb Biotechnol 2021; 15:683-702. [PMID: 33393737 PMCID: PMC8867974 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Environmental bacteria have a great impact on fish gut microbiota, yet little is known as to where fish acquire their gut symbionts, and how gut microbiota response to the disturbance from environmental bacteria. Through the integrative analysis by community profiling and source tracking, we show that feed‐associated bacteria can impose a strong disturbance upon the hindgut microbiota of cultured fugu. Consequently, marked alterations in the composition and function of gut microbiota in slow growth fugu were observed, implying a reduced stability upon bacterial disturbance from feed. Moreover, quantitative ecological analyses indicated that homogeneous selection and dispersal limitation largely contribute to the community stability and partial variations among hosts in the context of lower degree of disturbance. While the disturbance peaked, variable selection leads to an augmented interaction within gut microbiota, entailing community unstability and shift. Our findings emphasized the intricate linkage between feed and gut microbiota and highlighted the importance of resolving the feed source signal before the conclusion of comparative analysis of microbiota can be drawn. Our results provide a deeper insight into aquaculture of fugu and other economically important fishes and have further implications for an improved understanding of host–microbe interactions in the vertebrate gastrointestinal tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingkun Jin
- Department of Marine Biology, College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Ziwei Chen
- Department of Marine Biology, College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Yan Shi
- Department of Marine Biology, College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Jian-Fang Gui
- Department of Marine Biology, College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China.,State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Zhe Zhao
- Department of Marine Biology, College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
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Nakano T, Wiegertjes G. Properties of Carotenoids in Fish Fitness: A Review. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:E568. [PMID: 33227976 PMCID: PMC7699198 DOI: 10.3390/md18110568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Carotenoids, one of the most common types of natural pigments, can influence the colors of living organisms. More than 750 kinds of carotenoids have been identified. Generally, carotenoids occur in organisms at low levels. However, the total amount of carotenoids in nature has been estimated to be more than 100 million tons. There are two major types of carotenoids: carotene (solely hydrocarbons that contain no oxygen) and xanthophyll (contains oxygen). Carotenoids are lipid-soluble pigments with conjugated double bonds that exhibit robust antioxidant activity. Many carotenoids, particularly astaxanthin (ASX), are known to improve the antioxidative state and immune system, resulting in providing disease resistance, growth performance, survival, and improved egg quality in farmed fish without exhibiting any cytotoxicity or side effects. ASX cooperatively and synergistically interacts with other antioxidants such as α-tocopherol, ascorbic acid, and glutathione located in the lipophilic hydrophobic compartments of fish tissue. Moreover, ASX can modulate gene expression accompanying alterations in signal transduction by regulating reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Hence, carotenoids could be used as chemotherapeutic supplements for farmed fish. Carotenoids are regarded as ecologically friendly functional feed additives in the aquaculture industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiki Nakano
- Marine Biochemistry Laboratory, International Education and Research Center for Food and Agricultural Immunology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
| | - Geert Wiegertjes
- Aquaculture and Fisheries Group, Wageningen University and Research, 6708 WD Wageningen, The Netherlands;
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Jiang X, Zu L, Wang Z, Cheng Y, Yang Y, Wu X. Micro-algal astaxanthin could improve the antioxidant capability, immunity and ammonia resistance of juvenile Chinese mitten crab, Eriocheir sinensis. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 102:499-510. [PMID: 32408019 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Green alga Haematococcus pluvialis is an important source of natural astaxanthin (Ast), which have been shown to be beneficial for the color formulation, survival, antioxidation, immunity and stress resistance of many crustacean. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of H. pluvialis meal on growth, antioxidant status, ammonia resistance, color parameters, and carotenoids composition of juvenile Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis. Five diets were formulated to contain 0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 mg/kg dry diets of natural Ast (defined as Diet 1-5) using H. pluvialis meal as astaxanthin source. The results showed that: (1) Although all treatments with Ast supplementation had the relatively higher growth performance and survival than the control (Diet 1 treatment), no significant differences were found on growth performance, feed conversion ratio and hepatosomatic index among all treatments. (2) The highest total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) in hepatopancreas and hemolymph were observed in Diet 4 and 3 treatments respectively, while the lowest malondialdehyde (MDA) contents in hepatopancreas and hemolymph were also found in these two treatments. Furthermore, the significantly positive relationships were detected on acid phosphatase (ACP) activities and dietary Ast contents for hepatopancreas and hemolymph. (3) Diet 3 treatment had the highest mRNA levels of EsLecA, EsTrx, and EsPrx6 in hepatopancreas, while both Diet 3 and 4 treatments reached the peaks for mRNA expression levels of EsMyd88 and EsHc, respectively. (4) The stress test with ammonia-N indicated Diet 1 treatment had the highest mortality among all treatments, and the lowest mortality was found on Diet 3 treatment during the stress test. (5) Dietary Ast significantly improved the redness (a*) of carapace and hepatopancreas, which were consistent with the Ast contents in these tissues from the different treatments. Ast concentrations in carapace reached the plateau for Diet 3 treatment while hepatopancreatic Ast concentration kept increasing with elevating dietary Ast contents. In conclusion, natural astaxanthin could enhance the antioxidative capability, non-specific immunity, tissue Ast contents and stress resistance to ammonia-N, and these results suggested the optimal diet micro-algal astaxanthin was around 60 mg/kg for juvenile E. sinensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150036, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Lu Zu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Zhiyan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Yongxu Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Yuhong Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150036, China.
| | - Xugan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China.
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Guo K, Ruan G, Fan W, Wang Q, Fang L, Luo J, Liu Y. Immune response to acute heat stress in the intestine of the red swamp crayfish, Procambarus clarkii. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 100:146-151. [PMID: 32165247 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
High temperature is an important environmental factor that affects the survival and immunity of aquatic animals. The intestine of crustaceans is their first line of defense, and the physiological homeostasis of this organ can be influenced by high temperature stress. The red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii is an important commercial aquaculture species in China, but little is known about its intestinal immune response to acute heat stress. In this study, we investigated the intestinal immune response of P. clarkii individuals that were assigned to the control (25 °C) and heat stress (35 °C) groups. Biochemical assays were conducted for the oxidative stress parameters ·O2- generation capacity, lipid peroxide content, and malondialdehyde content; the activities of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase; and the activities of the immunity-related enzymes alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, and lysozyme. The relative expression level of the antioxidant genes heat shock protein 70 (hsp70), ferritin (fer), and metallothione (met) was examined by RT-PCR. Based on the data obtained, all the parameters tended to increase, peak and then decrease with time, and were significantly different between the two groups (P < 0.05). These findings reveal that acute heat stress adversely affects the antioxidant status and immune function in the P. clarkii intestine. They lay the groundwork for future studies on the effect of rising water temperatures on immune function and survival of this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Guo
- Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, PR China; Hubei Research Institute of Aquatic Industry Technology, Jingzhou, 434000, PR China
| | - Guoliang Ruan
- Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, PR China; Hubei Research Institute of Aquatic Industry Technology, Jingzhou, 434000, PR China.
| | - Wenhao Fan
- Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, PR China
| | - Qian Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, PR China
| | - Liu Fang
- Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, PR China
| | - Jingbo Luo
- Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, PR China
| | - Yulin Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, PR China
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Yu Y, Liu Y, Yin P, Zhou W, Tian L, Liu Y, Xu D, Niu J. Astaxanthin Attenuates Fish Oil-Related Hepatotoxicity and Oxidative Insult in Juvenile Pacific White Shrimp ( Litopenaeus vannamei). Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18040218. [PMID: 32316590 PMCID: PMC7230248 DOI: 10.3390/md18040218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the effect of dietary astaxanthin (AX) on the growth performance, antioxidant parameters, and repair of hepatopancreas damage in Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). To evaluate the hepatopancreas protective function of AX in shrimps, we compared the effect of five isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets under oxidized fish oil conditions with varying AX levels during the 50-day experimental period. The formulated diets were as follows: (i) OFO (oxidized fish oil); (ii) OFO/AX150 (oxidized fish oil + AX150 mg/kg); (iii) OFO/AX250 (oxidized fish oil + AX250 mg/kg); (iv) OFO/AX450 (oxidized fish oil + AX450 mg/kg); and, (v) control group (fresh fish oil). Results showed that the oxidized fish oil with 275.2 meq/kg peroxide value (POV) resulted in a substantial decrease in the final body weight of L. vannamei (P > 0.05) and induced some visible histopathological alterations in the hepatopancreas. Growth performance was significantly higher in shrimps fed with the OFO/AX450 diet than those fed with the OFO diet (p < 0.05). However, no significant difference was observed when the OFO/AX450 diet was compared to the control diet containing fresh fish oil (p > 0.05). Moreover, shrimps under the OFO/AX450 diet displayed a significant improvement in hepatopancreatic health and showed a reduction of malondialdehyde (MDA) compared to those under the OFO diet (p < 0.05). Dietary AX improved the antioxidant capacity of L. vannamei by increasing the catalase (CAT) activity in the hemolymph. Acute salinity change test showed a higher shrimp survival rate under OFO/AX450 diet than the OFO diet (p < 0.05), suggesting that AX can contribute to enhanced stress tolerance. In conclusion, our data suggest that AX confers dose-dependent protection against OFO-induced oxidative insults and hepatopancreatic damage in shrimp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; (Y.Y.); (P.Y.); (W.Z.); (L.T.); (Y.L.)
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precision Breeding, School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, Guangdong, China;
- Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Marine Drugs, Department of Biochemistry, Traditional Chinese Medicine and Marine Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China;
| | - Yang Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precision Breeding, School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, Guangdong, China;
| | - Peng Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; (Y.Y.); (P.Y.); (W.Z.); (L.T.); (Y.L.)
| | - Weiwen Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; (Y.Y.); (P.Y.); (W.Z.); (L.T.); (Y.L.)
| | - Lixia Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; (Y.Y.); (P.Y.); (W.Z.); (L.T.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yongjian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; (Y.Y.); (P.Y.); (W.Z.); (L.T.); (Y.L.)
| | - Donghui Xu
- Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Marine Drugs, Department of Biochemistry, Traditional Chinese Medicine and Marine Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China;
| | - Jin Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; (Y.Y.); (P.Y.); (W.Z.); (L.T.); (Y.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-0284110789
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Du X, Wang X, Bai M, Liu S, Huang G, Zhang Q, Ni H, Chen F. A Quantitative Analysis Model Established to Determine the Concentration of Each Source in Mixed Astaxanthin from Different Sources. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25030628. [PMID: 32023961 PMCID: PMC7036820 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25030628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Astaxanthin from different sources possesses different biological activities and optical isomers. The ingredients of astaxanthin mixtures from different sources on the market have often been mislabeled. Therefore, it is important to determine the sources of astaxanthin and their respective concentrations in a mixture. To solve this problem, a quantitative analysis model was established and further verified. The results showed that the deviation between the calculated concentration and the actual concentration ranged from 0 to 7 µg/mL, and the recovery rate was between 88.90% and 103.56%. This indicates that the quantitative analysis model of astaxanthin was feasible and reliable. This study not only has important applications in the astaxanthin mixture component determination but may also shed light on the quantitative analysis of other sample mixtures with stereoisomers from different sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiping Du
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, Fujian, China; (X.D.); (X.W.); (M.B.); (G.H.); (H.N.)
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering, Xiamen 361021, Fujian, China
- Research Center of Food Biotechnology of Xiamen City, Xiamen 361021, Fujian, China
- Key Laboratory of Systemic Utilization and In-depth Processing of Economic Seaweed, Xiamen Southern Ocean Technology Center of China, Xiamen 361021, Fujian, China
| | - Xin Wang
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, Fujian, China; (X.D.); (X.W.); (M.B.); (G.H.); (H.N.)
| | - Manli Bai
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, Fujian, China; (X.D.); (X.W.); (M.B.); (G.H.); (H.N.)
| | - Shaosong Liu
- Plant Introduction & Quarantine and Plant Product Key Laboratory of Xiamen City, Xiamen Overseas Chinese Subtropical Plant Introduction Garden, Xiamen 361002, Fujian, China;
| | - Gaoling Huang
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, Fujian, China; (X.D.); (X.W.); (M.B.); (G.H.); (H.N.)
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering, Xiamen 361021, Fujian, China
- Research Center of Food Biotechnology of Xiamen City, Xiamen 361021, Fujian, China
- Key Laboratory of Systemic Utilization and In-depth Processing of Economic Seaweed, Xiamen Southern Ocean Technology Center of China, Xiamen 361021, Fujian, China
| | - Qin Zhang
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, Fujian, China; (X.D.); (X.W.); (M.B.); (G.H.); (H.N.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +861-596-081-0583
| | - Hui Ni
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, Fujian, China; (X.D.); (X.W.); (M.B.); (G.H.); (H.N.)
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering, Xiamen 361021, Fujian, China
- Research Center of Food Biotechnology of Xiamen City, Xiamen 361021, Fujian, China
- Key Laboratory of Systemic Utilization and In-depth Processing of Economic Seaweed, Xiamen Southern Ocean Technology Center of China, Xiamen 361021, Fujian, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Department of Food, Nutrition and Packaging Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA;
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Effects of cold stress on juvenile Piaractus mesopotamicus and the mitigation by β-carotene. J Therm Biol 2019; 88:102497. [PMID: 32125985 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2019.102497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of cold stress on morphometrical and hematological biomarkers, energy metabolism, and oxidative stress in different tissues of P. mesopotamicus, and the protective role of β-carotene. Fish were fed with a control diet (CD) and the same diet supplemented with 105 mg/kg β-carotene (BD) for 60 days. After the feeding trial, fish fed CD or BD diets were exposed to control (24 °C) and low temperature (14 °C) for 24 h. Fish (CD and BD) exposed to thermal stress showed lower hepatosomatic index. The hemoglobin increased only in CD-fed fish exposed to 14 °C. Increased glycemia, plasmatic protein depletion, and decreased hepatic glycogen were observed in fish fed the CD, while only the lipid levels in liver were augmented in BD-fed fish exposed at 14 °C. Regarding the oxidative stress, increased antioxidant enzymes activity and lipid peroxidation were observed in CD-fed fish exposed to cold. The two-way ANOVA showed an interaction between dietary treatment and temperature for glucose and oxidative stress biomarkers, with the highest values recorded in 14 °C-exposed fish fed with the CD. Our study demonstrated that cold stress had the greatest impact on fish oxidative status, and β-carotene reduces harmful effects induced by cold in P. mesopotamicus.
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Fleischmann C, Horowitz M, Yanovich R, Raz H, Heled Y. Asthaxanthin Improves Aerobic Exercise Recovery Without Affecting Heat Tolerance in Humans. Front Sports Act Living 2019; 1:17. [PMID: 33344941 PMCID: PMC7739736 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2019.00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To examine the supplementation effects of the xanthophyll carotenoid Astaxanthin on physical performance and exertional heat strain in humans. Design: A randomized double blind placebo controlled trial. Methods: Twenty two male participants (Age: 23.14 ± 3.5 y, height: 175 ± 6 cm, body mass: 69.6 ± 8.7 kg, % body fat: 16.8 ± 3.8) received placebo (PLA, n = 10) or Astaxanthin (ATX, n = 12) 12 mg/day Per os (P.O), for 30 days, and were tested pre and post-supplementation with a maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 Max) test and the heat tolerance test (HTT) (2 h walk at 40°C, 40% relative humidity (RH), 5 kph, 2% incline). NIH database registration no. NCT02088242. Gas exchange, Heart rate (HR), Relative perceived exertion (RPE), and blood lactate were measured during the VO2 Max test. Heart rate (HR), rectal (Trec), and skin (Tskin) temperatures, RPE, and sweat rate (SR) were monitored in the HTT. Serum heat shock protein 72 (HSP72), Creatine phospho-kinase (CPK), C-reactive protein (CRP), and lipid profile were measured before and after the test. Results: The rise in blood lactate caused by the VO2 Max test was significantly diminished in the ATX group (9.4 ± 3.1 and 13.0 ± 3.1 mmole*l−1 in the ATX and PLA groups, respectively P < 0.02), as was the change in oxygen uptake during recovery (−2.02 ± 0.64 and 0.83 ± 0.79% of VO2 Max in the ATX and PLA group, respectively, p = 0.001). No significant differences were observed in the anaerobic threshold or VO2 Max. In the HTT, no significant physiological or biochemical differences were observed (HR <120 bpm, Trec rose by ~1°C to <38°C, no difference in SR). Conclusions: Astaxanthin supplementation improved exercise recovery. No benefit was observed for ATX over PLA in response to heat stress. Further examination of Astaxanthin in higher exertional heat strain is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Fleischmann
- Institute of Military Physiology, IDF Medical Corps, Tel-Hashomer, Israel.,Heller Institute of Medical Research, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Laboratory of Environmental Physiology, Dentistry Faculty, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Michal Horowitz
- Heller Institute of Medical Research, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Ran Yanovich
- Institute of Military Physiology, IDF Medical Corps, Tel-Hashomer, Israel.,Heller Institute of Medical Research, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.,The Academic College at Wingate, Wingate Institute, Netanya, Israel
| | - Hany Raz
- The Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Hebrew University, Rechovot, Israel
| | - Yuval Heled
- Heller Institute of Medical Research, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
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Abd El-Gawad EA, Wang HP, Yao H. Diet Supplemented With Synthetic Carotenoids: Effects on Growth Performance and Biochemical and Immunological Parameters of Yellow Perch ( Perca flavescens). Front Physiol 2019; 10:1056. [PMID: 31496952 PMCID: PMC6712420 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The current study assessed the effect of dietary canthaxanthin and lycopene supplementation at different concentrations on growth performance and antioxidant status in yellow perch (Perca flavescens). In this regard, fish with initial weight (32 ± 1.0 g) were divided into five groups in triplicate, and fed on carotenoid-free diet (control), canthaxanthin (CTX) (50 and 100 mg/kg diet), and lycopene (200 and 400 mg/kg diet) for 60 days. Growth parameters and antioxidant enzymes were evaluated after 30 and 60 days post feeding. Tissue liver and intestine from six fish per treatment was collected for antioxidant and digestive enzymes analysis. The results revealed a significant increase (P < 0.05) of lipid content in the group fed lycopene at a dietary level 400 mg/kg for 60 days, compared to the control. Moreover, dietary carotenoids exhibited no significant effect on growth performance; this was evidenced by no significant up-regulation of growth hormone (gh) and insulin-like growth factor 1b (igf-1b) genes after 30 and 60 days post feeding. Intestinal lipase and trypsin activities were significantly improved with dietary lycopene especially at a dose of (400 mg/kg diet) for 60 days. Malondialdehyde (MDA) level in liver was also significantly decreased with dietary lycopene (400 mg/kg diet) for 60 days. Hepatic superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and Glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities were significantly decreased with dietary CTX, especially at dose (100 mg/kg diet) and lycopene at a concentration of 200 and 400 mg/kg diet after 60 days feeding. Additionally, the immune-related gene interleukin-1 beta (il-1b) mRNA expression level revealed up-regulation in groups fed on CTX at different concentrations for 30 days, and fish fed lycopene at a concentration level 400 mg/kg diet for 60 days. The obtained results concluded that dietary supplementation of canthaxanthin and lycopene could enhance immune response and maintain antioxidants defense of fish. Therefore, it considered as a functional aquafeed ingredient for yellow perch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman A Abd El-Gawad
- Aquaculture Genetics and Breeding Laboratory, The Ohio State University South Centers, Piketon, OH, United States.,Department of Aquatic Animals Diseases and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Toukh, Egypt
| | - Han-Ping Wang
- Aquaculture Genetics and Breeding Laboratory, The Ohio State University South Centers, Piketon, OH, United States
| | - Hong Yao
- Aquaculture Genetics and Breeding Laboratory, The Ohio State University South Centers, Piketon, OH, United States
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Abarike ED, Jian J, Tang J, Cai J, Yu H, Chen L. Traditional Chinese Medicine Enhances Growth, Immune Response, and Resistance to Streptococcus agalactiae in Nile Tilapia. JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH 2019; 31:46-55. [PMID: 30768873 DOI: 10.1002/aah.10049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Herbal supplements are suitable for improving fish health and combating diseases in fish culture. However, the mechanism of action of many herbal mixtures remains unclear. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM; a mix of Astragalus membranaceus, Angelica sinensis, and Crataegus hupehensis at a ratio of 1:1:1 on a weight basis) on growth, immune response, and disease resistance in Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus. Experimental fish (mean ± SE weight = 57 ± 1 g) were divided into two groups: a control group and a TCM (10 g/kg) group. After 4 weeks of the experimental trial, a significant increase in weight gain and specific growth rate and a lower feed conversion ratio were observed in fish fed a TCM-supplemented diet compared with control fish. Similarly, the immune response of Nile Tilapia in the TCM group showed enhanced lysozyme, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and immunoglobulin levels compared with the control fish. In comparison with the control, fish fed TCM showed significant up-regulation of β-defensin, lysozyme, heat shock protein 70, superoxide dismutase, and catalase genes in the intestine and head-kidney tissues. After a Streptococcus agalactiae challenge, survival of Nile Tilapia in the TCM group was 70% compared with 35% in the control. These results indicate that the TCM mixture in this study can elevate the immune response and disease resistance of Nile Tilapia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Delwin Abarike
- College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Animals, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Control for Diseases of Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
- Department of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources Management, University for Development Studies, Tamale-Ghana, China
| | - Jichang Jian
- College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Animals, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Control for Diseases of Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Jufen Tang
- College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Animals, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Control for Diseases of Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Jia Cai
- College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Animals, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Control for Diseases of Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Huang Yu
- College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Animals, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Control for Diseases of Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Lihua Chen
- Langye Animal Husbandry Company Limited, Gaozhou City, Guangdong Province, China
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Dynamics of the gut microbiota in developmental stages of Litopenaeus vannamei reveal its association with body weight. Sci Rep 2019; 9:734. [PMID: 30679786 PMCID: PMC6345827 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37042-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidences have revealed a close interaction between the intestinal microbes and host growth performance. The shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) gut harbors a diverse microbial community, yet its associations with dietary, body weight and weaning age remain a matter of debate. In this study, we analyzed the effects of different dietary (fishmeal group (NC), krill meal group (KM)) and different growth stages (age from 42 day-old to 98 day-old) of the shrimp on the intestinal microbiota. High throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA genes of shrimp intestinal microbes determined the novelty of bacteria in the shrimp gut microbiota and a core of 58 Operation Taxonomic Units (OTUs) was present among the shrimp gut samples. Analysis results indicated that the development of the shrimp gut microbiota is a dynamic process with three stages across the age according to the gut microbiota compositions. Furthermore, the dietary of KM group did not significantly change the intestinal microbiota of the shrimps compared with NC group. Intriguingly, compared to NC group, we observed in KM group that a fluctuation of the shrimp gut microbiota coincided with the shrimp body weight gain between weeks 6–7. Six OTUs associated with the microbiota change in KM group were identified. This finding strongly suggests that the shrimp gut microbiota may be correlated with the shrimp body weight likely by influencing nutrient uptake in the gut. The results obtained from this study potentially will be guidelines for manipulation to provide novel shrimp feed management approaches.
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Xie S, Fang W, Wei D, Liu Y, Yin P, Niu J, Tian L. Dietary supplementation of Haematococcus pluvialis improved the immune capacity and low salinity tolerance ability of post-larval white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 80:452-457. [PMID: 29933110 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.06.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 06/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A 25-days experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary Haematococcus pluvialis on growth, survival, immune response and stress tolerance ability of post-larval Litopenaeus vannamei. Post-larval white shrimp (mean initial weight 2.1 mg) were fed five isoenergic and isonitrogenous diets containing grade levels of Haematococcus pluvialis (0, 1.7, 3.3, 6.7 and 13.3 g kg-1 diet, respectively). Results indicated that 3.3 g Haematococcus pluvialis kg-1 diet increased the survival rate of post-larval white shrimp. Specific growth rate (SGR) and weight gain (WG) showed no difference among each groups. After the acute salinity stress (salinity decreased rapidly from 28‰ to 5‰), survival of shrimp fed 6.7 g Haematococcus pluvialis kg-1 diet significant higher than the control (P < 0.05), and the total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) was increased with the increasing dietary Haematococcus pluvialis levels. The malonaldehyde (MDA) contents in whole body decreased with the increasing dietary Haematococcus pluvialis levels before and after the salinity stress. Before the salinity stress, relative mRNA levels of Caspase 3, Rho and Janus kinase (JAK) decreased in shrimp fed diets contain Haematococcus pluvialis. After the salinity stress, relative mRNA levels of anti-oxidative related genes and immune related genes decreased with the dietary Haematococcus pluvialis level increased to 3.3 g kg-1. Based on the effect of Haematococcus pluvialis on survival, salinity stress tolerance ability and the immune response of post-larval L. vannamei, the optimal level of Haematococcus pluvialis was 3.3-6.7 g kg-1 diet (100-200 mg astaxanthin kg-1 diet).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiwei Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Improved Variety Reproduction in Aquatic Economic Animals, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiping Fang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Improved Variety Reproduction in Aquatic Economic Animals, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dan Wei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Improved Variety Reproduction in Aquatic Economic Animals, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongjian Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Improved Variety Reproduction in Aquatic Economic Animals, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng Yin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Improved Variety Reproduction in Aquatic Economic Animals, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jin Niu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Improved Variety Reproduction in Aquatic Economic Animals, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lixia Tian
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Improved Variety Reproduction in Aquatic Economic Animals, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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