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Szabo R, Dobie C, Montgomery AP, Steele H, Yu H, Skropeta D. Synthesis of α-Hydroxy-1,2,3-Triazole-linked Sialyltransferase Inhibitors and Evaluation of Selectivity Towards ST3GAL1, ST6GAL1 and ST8SIA2. ChemMedChem 2024:e202400088. [PMID: 38758134 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202400088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Tumour-derived sialoglycans, bearing the charged nonulosonic sugar sialic acid at their termini, play a critical role in tumour cell adhesion and invasion, as well as evading cell death and immune surveillance. Sialyltransferases (ST), the enzymes responsible for the biosynthesis of sialylated glycans, are highly upregulated in cancer, with tumour hypersialylation strongly correlated with tumour growth, metastasis and drug resistance. As a result, desialylation of the tumour cell surface using either targeted delivery of a pan-ST inhibitor (or sialidase) or systemic delivery of a non-toxic selective ST inhibitors are being pursued as potential new anti-metastatic strategies against multiple cancers including pancreatic, ovarian, breast, melanoma and lung cancer. Herein, we have employed molecular modelling to give insights into the selectivity observed in a series of selective ST inhibitors that incorporate a uridyl ring in place of the cytidine of the natural donor (CMP-Neu5Ac) and replace the charged phosphodiester linker of classical ST inhibitors with a neutral α-hydroxy-1,2,3-triazole linker. The inhibitory activities of the nascent compounds were determined against recombinant human ST enzymes (ST3GAL1, ST6GAL1, ST8SIA2) showing promising activity and selectivity towards specific ST sub-types. Our ST inhibitors are non-toxic and show improved synthetic accessibility and drug-likeness compared to earlier nucleoside-based ST inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rémi Szabo
- School of Chemistry & Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Chris Dobie
- School of Chemistry & Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Andrew P Montgomery
- School of Chemistry & Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Harrison Steele
- School of Chemistry & Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Haibo Yu
- School of Chemistry & Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Quantum Biotechnology, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Danielle Skropeta
- School of Chemistry & Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
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2
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Ghosh M, Hazarika P, Dhanya SJ, Pooja D, Kulhari H. Exploration of sialic acid receptors as a potential target for cancer treatment: A comprehensive review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 257:128415. [PMID: 38029891 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
The potential to target anticancer drugs directly to cancer cells is the most difficult challenge in the current scenario. Progressive works are being done on multifarious receptors and are on the horizon, expected to facilitate tailored treatment for cancer. Among several receptors, one is the sialic acid (SA) receptor by which cancer cells can be targeted directly as hyper sialylation is one of the most distinguishing characteristics of cancer cells. SA receptors have shown tremendous potential for tumor targeting because of their elevated expression in a range of human malignancies including prostate, breast, gastric cells, myeloid leukemia, liver, etc. This article reviews the overexpression of SA receptors in various tumors and diverse strategies for targeting these receptors to deliver drugs, enzymes, and genes for therapeutic applications. It also summarizes the diagnostic applications of SA-grafted nanoparticles for imaging various SA-overexpressing cancer cells and technological advances that are propelling sialic acid to the forefront of cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meheli Ghosh
- School of Nano Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382030, India
| | - Priyodarshini Hazarika
- School of Nano Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382030, India
| | - S J Dhanya
- School of Nano Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382030, India
| | - Deep Pooja
- School of Pharmacy, National Forensic Science University, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382007, India.
| | - Hitesh Kulhari
- School of Nano Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382030, India; Department of Pharmaceutical Technology (Formulations), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Guwahati, Assam 781101, India.
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3
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Kuliesiute U, Joseph K, Straehle J, Madapusi Ravi V, Kueckelhaus J, Kada Benotmane J, Zhang J, Vlachos A, Beck J, Schnell O, Neniskyte U, Heiland DH. Sialic acid metabolism orchestrates transcellular connectivity and signaling in glioblastoma. Neuro Oncol 2023; 25:1963-1975. [PMID: 37288604 PMCID: PMC10628944 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noad101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In glioblastoma (GBM), the effects of altered glycocalyx are largely unexplored. The terminal moiety of cell coating glycans, sialic acid, is of paramount importance for cell-cell contacts. However, sialic acid turnover in gliomas and its impact on tumor networks remain unknown. METHODS We streamlined an experimental setup using organotypic human brain slice cultures as a framework for exploring brain glycobiology, including metabolic labeling of sialic acid moieties and quantification of glycocalyx changes. By live, 2-photon and high-resolution microscopy we have examined morphological and functional effects of altered sialic acid metabolism in GBM. By calcium imaging we investigated the effects of the altered glycocalyx on a functional level of GBM networks. RESULTS The visualization and quantitative analysis of newly synthesized sialic acids revealed a high rate of de novo sialylation in GBM cells. Sialyltrasferases and sialidases were highly expressed in GBM, indicating that significant turnover of sialic acids is involved in GBM pathology. Inhibition of either sialic acid biosynthesis or desialylation affected the pattern of tumor growth and lead to the alterations in the connectivity of glioblastoma cells network. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that sialic acid is essential for the establishment of GBM tumor and its cellular network. They highlight the importance of sialic acid for glioblastoma pathology and suggest that dynamics of sialylation have the potential to be targeted therapeutically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ugne Kuliesiute
- Microenvironment and Immunology Research Laboratory, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg University, Freiburg, Germany
- Institute of Biosciences, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
- VU LSC-EMBL Partnership for Genome Editing Technologies, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Kevin Joseph
- Microenvironment and Immunology Research Laboratory, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg University, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Center Brain Links Brain Tools, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jakob Straehle
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg University, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Vidhya Madapusi Ravi
- Microenvironment and Immunology Research Laboratory, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg University, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Center Brain Links Brain Tools, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jan Kueckelhaus
- Microenvironment and Immunology Research Laboratory, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg University, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Center Brain Links Brain Tools, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jasim Kada Benotmane
- Microenvironment and Immunology Research Laboratory, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg University, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Center Brain Links Brain Tools, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Junyi Zhang
- Microenvironment and Immunology Research Laboratory, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg University, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Center Brain Links Brain Tools, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Vlachos
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Center Brain Links Brain Tools, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Basics in Neuromodulation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Juergen Beck
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg University, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Schnell
- Microenvironment and Immunology Research Laboratory, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg University, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Urte Neniskyte
- Institute of Biosciences, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
- VU LSC-EMBL Partnership for Genome Editing Technologies, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Dieter Henrik Heiland
- Microenvironment and Immunology Research Laboratory, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg University, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Freiburg (CCCF), Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner siteFreiburg
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4
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Jastrząb P, Narejko K, Car H, Wielgat P. Cell Membrane Sialome: Sialic Acids as Therapeutic Targets and Regulators of Drug Resistance in Human Cancer Management. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5103. [PMID: 37894470 PMCID: PMC10604966 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15205103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A cellular sialome is a physiologically active and dynamically changing component of the cell membrane. Sialylation plays a crucial role in tumor progression, and alterations in cellular sialylation patterns have been described as modulators of chemotherapy effectiveness. However, the precise mechanisms through which altered sialylation contributes to drug resistance in cancer are not yet fully understood. This review focuses on the intricate interplay between sialylation and cancer treatment. It presents the role of sialic acids in modulating cell-cell interactions, the extracellular matrix (ECM), and the immunosuppressive processes within the context of cancer. The issue of drug resistance is also discussed, and the mechanisms that involve transporters, the tumor microenvironment, and metabolism are analyzed. The review explores drugs and therapeutic approaches that may induce modifications in sialylation processes with a primary focus on their impact on sialyltransferases or sialidases. Despite advancements in cellular glycobiology and glycoengineering, an interdisciplinary effort is required to decipher and comprehend the biological characteristics and consequences of altered sialylation. Additionally, understanding the modulatory role of sialoglycans in drug sensitivity is crucial to applying this knowledge in clinical practice for the benefit of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Jastrząb
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 15A, 15-274 Bialystok, Poland; (P.J.); (K.N.); (H.C.)
| | - Karolina Narejko
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 15A, 15-274 Bialystok, Poland; (P.J.); (K.N.); (H.C.)
| | - Halina Car
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 15A, 15-274 Bialystok, Poland; (P.J.); (K.N.); (H.C.)
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Medical University of Bialystok, Szpitalna 37, 15-295 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Przemyslaw Wielgat
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 15A, 15-274 Bialystok, Poland; (P.J.); (K.N.); (H.C.)
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5
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Jin X, Yang GY. Pathophysiological roles and applications of glycosphingolipids in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer diseases. Prog Lipid Res 2023; 91:101241. [PMID: 37524133 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2023.101241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Glycosphingolipids (GSLs) are major amphiphilic glycolipids present on the surface of living cell membranes. They have important biological functions, including maintaining plasma membrane stability, regulating signal transduction, and mediating cell recognition and adhesion. Specific GSLs and related enzymes are abnormally expressed in many cancer diseases and affect the malignant characteristics of tumors. The regulatory roles of GSLs in signaling pathways suggest that they are involved in tumor pathogenesis. GSLs have therefore been widely studied as diagnostic markers of cancer diseases and important targets of immunotherapy. This review describes the tumor-related biological functions of GSLs and systematically introduces recent progress in using diverse GSLs and related enzymes to diagnose and treat tumor diseases. Development of drugs and biomarkers for personalized cancer therapy based on GSL structure is also discussed. These advances, combined with recent progress in the preparation of GSLs derivatives through synthetic biology technologies, suggest a strong future for the use of customized GSL libraries in treating human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; Department of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences and the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Guang-Yu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
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6
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Zhou X, Chi K, Zhang C, Liu Q, Yang G. Sialylation: A Cloak for Tumors to Trick the Immune System in the Microenvironment. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:832. [PMID: 37372117 DOI: 10.3390/biology12060832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME), where the tumor cells incite the surrounding normal cells to create an immune suppressive environment, reduces the effectiveness of immune responses during cancer development. Sialylation, a type of glycosylation that occurs on cell surface proteins, lipids, and glycoRNAs, is known to accumulate in tumors and acts as a "cloak" to help tumor cells evade immunological surveillance. In the last few years, the role of sialylation in tumor proliferation and metastasis has become increasingly evident. With the advent of single-cell and spatial sequencing technologies, more research is being conducted to understand the effects of sialylation on immunity regulation. This review provides updated insights into recent research on the function of sialylation in tumor biology and summarizes the latest developments in sialylation-targeted tumor therapeutics, including antibody-mediated and metabolic-based sialylation inhibition, as well as interference with sialic acid-Siglec interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoman Zhou
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Kaijun Chi
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Chairui Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Quan Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Ganglong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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7
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Wilczak M, Surman M, Przybyło M. Altered Glycosylation in Progression and Management of Bladder Cancer. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28083436. [PMID: 37110670 PMCID: PMC10146225 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28083436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BC) is the 10th most common malignancy worldwide, with an estimated 573,000 new cases and 213,000 deaths in 2020. Available therapeutic approaches are still unable to reduce the incidence of BC metastasis and the high mortality rates of BC patients. Therefore, there is a need to deepen our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying BC progression to develop new diagnostic and therapeutic tools. One such mechanism is protein glycosylation. Numerous studies reported changes in glycan biosynthesis during neoplastic transformation, resulting in the appearance of the so-called tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens (TACAs) on the cell surface. TACAs affect a wide range of key biological processes, including tumor cell survival and proliferation, invasion and metastasis, induction of chronic inflammation, angiogenesis, immune evasion, and insensitivity to apoptosis. The purpose of this review is to summarize the current information on how altered glycosylation of bladder cancer cells promotes disease progression and to present the potential use of glycans for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Wilczak
- Department of Glycoconjugate Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9 Street, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
- Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Prof. S. Łojasiewicza 11 Street, 30-348 Krakow, Poland
| | - Magdalena Surman
- Department of Glycoconjugate Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9 Street, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Przybyło
- Department of Glycoconjugate Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9 Street, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
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Tamoxifen Modulates the Immune Landscape of the Tumour Microenvironment: The Paired Siglec-5/14 Checkpoint in Anti-Tumour Immunity in an In Vitro Model of Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065512. [PMID: 36982588 PMCID: PMC10057974 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the role of sialome–Siglec axis has been described as a regulatory checkpoint of immune homeostasis, the promotion of stimulatory or inhibitory Siglec-related mechanisms is crucial in cancer progression and therapy. Here, we investigated the effect of tamoxifen on the sialic acid–Siglec interplay and its significance in immune conversion in breast cancer. To mimic the tumour microenvironment, we used oestrogen-dependent or oestrogen-independent breast cancer cells/THP-1 monocytes transwell co-cultures exposed to tamoxifen and/or β-estradiol. We found changes in the cytokine profiles accompanied by immune phenotype switching, as measured by the expression of arginase-1. The immunomodulatory effects of tamoxifen in THP-1 cells occurred with the altered SIGLEC5 and SIGLEC14 genes and the expression of their products, as confirmed by RT-PCR and flow cytometry. Additionally, exposure to tamoxifen increased the binding of Siglec-5 and Siglec-14 fusion proteins to breast cancer cells; however, these effects appeared to be unassociated with oestrogen dependency. Our results suggest that tamoxifen-induced alterations in the immune activity of breast cancer reflect a crosstalk between the Siglec-expressing cells and the tumour’s sialome. Given the distribution of Siglec-5/14, the expression profile of inhibitory and activatory Siglecs in breast cancer patients may be useful in the verification of therapeutic strategies and predicting the tumour’s behaviour and the patient’s overall survival.
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Karhadkar TR, Chen W, Pilling D, Gomer RH. Inhibitors of the Sialidase NEU3 as Potential Therapeutics for Fibrosis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:239. [PMID: 36613682 PMCID: PMC9820515 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrosing diseases are a major medical problem, and are associated with more deaths per year than cancer in the US. Sialidases are enzymes that remove the sugar sialic acid from glycoconjugates. In this review, we describe efforts to inhibit fibrosis by inhibiting sialidases, and describe the following rationale for considering sialidases to be a potential target to inhibit fibrosis. First, sialidases are upregulated in fibrotic lesions in humans and in a mouse model of pulmonary fibrosis. Second, the extracellular sialidase NEU3 appears to be both necessary and sufficient for pulmonary fibrosis in mice. Third, there exist at least three mechanistic ways in which NEU3 potentiates fibrosis, with two of them being positive feedback loops where a profibrotic cytokine upregulates NEU3, and the upregulated NEU3 then upregulates the profibrotic cytokine. Fourth, a variety of NEU3 inhibitors block pulmonary fibrosis in a mouse model. Finally, the high sialidase levels in a fibrotic lesion cause an easily observed desialylation of serum proteins, and in a mouse model, sialidase inhibitors that stop fibrosis reverse the serum protein desialylation. This then indicates that serum protein sialylation is a potential surrogate biomarker for the effect of sialidase inhibitors, which would facilitate clinical trials to test the exciting possibility that sialidase inhibitors could be used as therapeutics for fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Richard H. Gomer
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3474, USA
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10
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Mass spectrometry imaging in gynecological cancers: the best is yet to come. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:414. [PMID: 36536419 PMCID: PMC9764543 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02832-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) enables obtaining multidimensional results simultaneously in a single run, including regiospecificity and m/z values corresponding with specific proteins, peptides, lipids, etc. The knowledge obtained in this way allows for a multifaceted analysis of the studied issue, e.g., the specificity of the neoplastic process and the search for new therapeutic targets. Despite the enormous possibilities, this relatively new technique in many aspects still requires the development or standardization of analytical protocols (from collecting biological material, through sample preparation, analysis, and data collection, to data processing). The introduction of standardized protocols for MSI studies, with its current potential to extend diagnostic and prognostic capabilities, can revolutionize clinical pathology. As far as identifying ovarian cancer subtypes can be challenging, especially in poorly differentiated tumors, developing MSI-based algorithms may enhance determining prognosis and tumor staging without the need for extensive surgery and optimize the choice of subsequent therapy. MSI might bring new solutions in predicting response to treatment in patients with endometrial cancer. Therefore, MSI may help to revolutionize the future of gynecological oncology in terms of diagnostics, treatment, and predicting the response to therapy. This review will encompass several aspects, e.g., contemporary discoveries in gynecological cancer research utilizing MSI, indicates current challenges, and future perspectives on MSI.
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11
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Kirolos SA, Pilling D, Gomer RH. The extracellular sialidase NEU3 primes neutrophils. J Leukoc Biol 2022; 112:1399-1411. [PMID: 35899930 PMCID: PMC9701152 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3a0422-217rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Some extracellular glycoconjugates have sialic acid as the terminal sugar, and sialidases are enzymes that remove this sugar. Mammals have 4 sialidases and can be elevated in inflammation and fibrosis. In this report, we show that incubation of human neutrophils with the extracellular human sialidase NEU3, but not NEU1, NEU2 or NEU4, induces human male and female neutrophils to change from a round to a more amoeboid morphology, causes the primed human neutrophil markers CD11b, CD18, and CD66a to localize to the cell cortex, and decreases the localization of the unprimed human neutrophil markers CD43 and CD62-L at the cell cortex. NEU3, but not the other 3 sialidases, also causes human male and female neutrophils to increase their F-actin content. Human neutrophils treated with NEU3 show a decrease in cortical levels of Sambucus nigra lectin staining and an increase in cortical levels of peanut agglutinin staining, indicating a NEU3-induced desialylation. The inhibition of NEU3 by the NEU3 inhibitor 2-acetylpyridine attenuated the NEU3 effect on neutrophil morphology, indicating that the effect of NEU3 is dependent on its enzymatic activity. Together, these results indicate that NEU3 can prime human male and female neutrophils, and that NEU3 is a potential regulator of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara A Kirolos
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Darrell Pilling
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Richard H Gomer
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
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12
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Quirino MWL, Albuquerque APB, De Souza MFD, Da Silva Filho AF, Martins MR, Da Rocha Pitta MG, Pereira MC, De Melo Rêgo MJB. alpha2,3 sialic acid processing enzymes expression in gastric cancer tissues reveals that ST3Gal3 but not Neu3 are associated with Lauren's classification, angiolymphatic invasion and histological grade. Eur J Histochem 2022; 66. [PMID: 36172711 PMCID: PMC9577379 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2022.3330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Despite progress in the last decades, there are still no reliable biomarkers for the diagnosis of and prognosis for GC. Aberrant sialylation is a widespread critical event in the development of GC. Neuraminidases (Neu) and sialyltransferases (STs) regulate the ablation and addition of sialic acid during glycoconjugates biosynthesis, and they are a considerable source of biomarkers in various cancers. This study retrospectively characterized Neu3 and ST3Gal3 expression by immunohistochemistry in 71 paraffin-embedded GC tissue specimens and analyzed the relationship between their expression and the clinicopathological parameters. Neu3 expression was markedly increased in GC tissues compared with non-tumoral tissues (p<0.0001). Intratumoral ST3Gal3 staining was significantly associated with intestinal subtype (p=0.0042) and was negatively associated with angiolymphatic invasion (p=0.0002) and higher histological grade G3 (p=0.0066). Multivariate analysis revealed that ST3Gal3 positivity is able to predict Lauren's classification. No associations were found between Neu3 staining and clinical parameters. The in silico analysis of mRNA expression in GC validation cohorts corroborates the significant ST3Gal3 association with higher histological grade observed in our study. These findings suggest that ST3Gal3 expression may be an indicator for aggressiveness of primary GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael W L Quirino
- Laboratory of Immunomodulation and New Therapeutical Approaches, Research Centre for -Therapeutic Innovation Suely Galdino (NUPIT-SG), Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE.
| | - Amanda P B Albuquerque
- Laboratory of Immunomodulation and New Therapeutical Approaches, Research Centre for -Therapeutic Innovation Suely Galdino (NUPIT-SG), Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE.
| | - Maria F D De Souza
- Laboratory of Immunomodulation and New Therapeutical Approaches, Research Centre for -Therapeutic Innovation Suely Galdino (NUPIT-SG), Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE.
| | - Antônio F Da Silva Filho
- Laboratory of Immunomodulation and New Therapeutical Approaches, Research Centre for -Therapeutic Innovation Suely Galdino (NUPIT-SG), Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE.
| | | | - Maira G Da Rocha Pitta
- Laboratory of Immunomodulation and New Therapeutical Approaches, Research Centre for -Therapeutic Innovation Suely Galdino (NUPIT-SG), Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE.
| | - Michelly C Pereira
- Laboratory of Immunomodulation and New Therapeutical Approaches, Research Centre for -Therapeutic Innovation Suely Galdino (NUPIT-SG), Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE.
| | - Moacyr J B De Melo Rêgo
- Laboratory of Immunomodulation and New Therapeutical Approaches, Research Centre for -Therapeutic Innovation Suely Galdino (NUPIT-SG), Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE.
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Aberrant Sialylation in Cancer: Therapeutic Opportunities. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14174248. [PMID: 36077781 PMCID: PMC9454432 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14174248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The surface of every eukaryotic cell is coated in a thick layer of glycans that acts as a key interface with the extracellular environment. Cancer cells have a different ‘glycan coat’ to healthy cells and aberrant glycosylation is a universal feature of cancer cells linked to all of the cancer hallmarks. This means glycans hold huge potential for the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. One key change in tumour glycosylation is increased sialylation, both on N-glycans and O-glycans, which leads to a dense forest of sialylated structures covering the cell surface. This hypersialylation has far-reaching consequences for cancer cells, and sialylated glycans are fundamental in tumour growth, metastasis, immune evasion and drug resistance. The development of strategies to inhibit aberrant sialylation in cancer represents an important opportunity to develop new therapeutics. Here, I summarise recent advances to target aberrant sialylation in cancer, including the development of sialyltransferase inhibitors and strategies to inhibit Siglecs and Selectins, and discuss opportunities for the future.
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14
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Sialic acids: An Avenue to Target Cancer Progression, Metastasis, and Resistance to Therapy. FORUM OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.2478/fco-2021-0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Sialic acids are alpha-keto acids with nine carbons that are commonly present in the terminal sugars of glycans on glycoproteins and glycolipids on the cell surface. Sialic acids have a role in a variety of physiological and pathological processes by interacting with carbohydrates and proteins, communicating between cells, and acting as cell surface receptors for viruses and bacteria. Several studies have shown the aberrant pattern of sialic acids on cancer cells due to change in their glycosylation status. This pattern may be attributed to various physiological and pathological changes occurring in tumour cells. Hypersialylation in tumours, its involvement in tumour growth, immune evasion and escape from the apoptotic pathway, metastasis formation, and therapeutic resistance have all been fairly well investigated.
Methods
A PubMed search was conducted and published articles in different studies from 2000 to 2020 were included and reviewed. Here, we discuss current outcomes that emphasize the unfavourable effects of hypersialylation on multiple aspects of tumour genesis, immune evasion, metastasis and resistance to therapy.
Conclusion
These recent investigations have found that aberrant sialylation is an essential process for tumour cells to evade immune surveillance and maintain their malignancy. Together, these noteworthy views provide a solid platform for designing and developing therapeutic approaches that target hypersialylation of cancer cells.
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Tampa M, Nicolae I, Mitran CI, Mitran MI, Ene C, Matei C, Georgescu SR, Ene CD. Serum Sialylation Changes in Actinic Keratosis and Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patients. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11101027. [PMID: 34683168 PMCID: PMC8538811 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11101027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC), a malignant proliferation of the cutaneous epithelium, is the second most common skin cancer after basal cell carcinoma (BCC). Unlike BCC, cSCC exhibits a greater aggressiveness and the ability to metastasize to any organ in the body. Chronic inflammation and immunosuppression are important processes linked to the development of cSCC. The tumor can occur de novo or from the histological transformation of preexisting actinic keratoses (AK). Malignant cells exhibit a higher amount of sialic acid in their membranes than normal cells, and changes in the amount, type, or linkage of sialic acid in malignant cell glycoconjugates are related to tumor progression and metastasis. The aim of our study was to investigate the sialyation in patients with cSCC and patients with AK. We have determined the serum levels of total sialic acid (TSA), lipid-bound sialic acid (LSA), beta-galactoside 2,6-sialyltransferase I (ST6GalI), and neuraminidase 3 (NEU3) in 40 patients with cSCC, 28 patients with AK, and 40 healthy subjects. Data analysis indicated a significant increase in serum levels of TSA (p < 0.001), LSA (p < 0.001), ST6GalI (p < 0.001), and NEU3 (p < 0.001) in the cSCC group compared to the control group, whereas in patients with AK only the serum level of TSA was significantly higher compared to the control group (p < 0.001). When the cSCC and AK groups were compared, significant differences between the serum levels of TSA (p < 0.001), LSA (p < 0.001), ST6GalI (p < 0.001) and NEU3 (p < 0.001) were found. The rate of synthesis of sialoglycoconjugates and their rate of enzymatic degradation, expressed by the ST6GalI/NEU3 ratio, is 1.64 times lower in the cSCC group compared to the control group (p < 0.01) and 1.53 times lower compared to the AK group (p < 0.01). The tumor diameter, depth of invasion, and Ki67 were associated with higher levels of TSA and LSA. These results indicate an aberrant sialylation in cSCC that correlates with tumor aggressiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mircea Tampa
- Department of Dermatology, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (M.T.); (C.M.)
- Department of Dermatology, ‘Victor Babes’ Clinical Hospital for Infectious Diseases, 030303 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ilinca Nicolae
- Department of Dermatology, ‘Victor Babes’ Clinical Hospital for Infectious Diseases, 030303 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence: (I.N.); (S.R.G.)
| | - Cristina Iulia Mitran
- Department of Microbiology, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (C.I.M.); (M.I.M.)
| | - Madalina Irina Mitran
- Department of Microbiology, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (C.I.M.); (M.I.M.)
| | - Cosmin Ene
- Departments of Urology, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Clara Matei
- Department of Dermatology, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (M.T.); (C.M.)
| | - Simona Roxana Georgescu
- Department of Dermatology, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (M.T.); (C.M.)
- Department of Dermatology, ‘Victor Babes’ Clinical Hospital for Infectious Diseases, 030303 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence: (I.N.); (S.R.G.)
| | - Corina Daniela Ene
- Department of Nephrology, ‘Carol Davila’ Nephrology Hospital, 010731 Bucharest, Romania;
- Departments of Nephrology, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
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16
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Neu1 deficiency induces abnormal emotional behavior in zebrafish. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13477. [PMID: 34188220 PMCID: PMC8241872 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92778-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
NEU1 sialidase hydrolyzes sialic acids from glycoconjugates in lysosomes. Deficiency of NEU1 causes sialidosis with symptoms including facial dysmorphism, bone dysplasia, and neurodegeneration. However, the effects of NEU1 deficiency on emotional activity have not been explored. Here, we conducted the behavioral analysis using Neu1-knockout zebrafish (Neu1-KO). Neu1-KO zebrafish showed normal swimming similar to wild-type zebrafish (WT), whereas shoaling was decreased and accompanied by greater inter-fish distance than WT zebrafish. The aggression test showed a reduced aggressive behavior in Neu1-KO zebrafish than in WT zebrafish. In the mirror and 3-chambers test, Neu1-KO zebrafish showed more interest toward the opponent in the mirror and multiple unfamiliar zebrafish, respectively, than WT zebrafish. Furthermore, Neu1-KO zebrafish also showed increased interaction with different fish species, whereas WT zebrafish avoided them. In the black-white preference test, Neu1-KO zebrafish showed an abnormal preference for the white region, whereas WT zebrafish preferred the black region. Neu1-KO zebrafish were characterized by a downregulation of the anxiety-related genes of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and upregulation of lamp1a, an activator of lysosomal exocytosis, with their brains accumulating several sphingoglycolipids. This study revealed that Neu1 deficiency caused abnormal emotional behavior in zebrafish, possibly due to neuronal dysfunction induced by lysosomal exocytosis.
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Suleiman RB, Muhammad A, Umara IA, Ibrahima MA, Erukainure OL, Forcados GE, Katsayal SB. Kolaviron Ameliorates 7, 12-Dimethylbenzanthracene - Induced Mammary Damage in Female Wistar Rats. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 22:181-192. [PMID: 34225638 DOI: 10.2174/1871520621666210322101232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kolaviron (KV) is a flavonoid rich portion obtained from Garcinia kola seeds with a number of reported pharmacological effects. However, its ameliorative effects on 7,12-Dimethylbenzanthracene (DMBA)-induced mammary damage has not been fully investigated, despite the reported use of the seeds in the treatment of inflammatory related disorders. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the ameliorative effects of KV on DMBA-induced mammary damage in female Wistar rats. METHODS Forty-nine (49) female Wistar rats were randomly assigned into seven groups of seven rats each. DMBA was administered orally to rats in five of the groups as a single dose of 80 mg/kg body wt while the remaining two groups received the vehicle. The rats were palpated weekly for 3 months to monitor tumor formation. After 3 months of DMBA administration, 1 ml of blood was collected to assay for estrogen receptor- α (ER-α) level. Thereafter, the vehicle (dimethyl sulfoxide) was daily administered to the negative control and positive control groups for the 14 days duration of the experiment while three groups were each given a daily oral dose of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg body wt of KV for the duration of the experiment. The last DMBA-induced group received 10 mg/kg body wt of the standard drug tamoxifen twice in a week and the remaining DMBA-free group received 200 mg/kg body wt KV. Subsequently, the animals were humanly sacrificed and ER-α, sialic acids, sialidase, sialyltransferase levels were assay for in blood and mammary tissues followed by histopathological examinations. RESULTS Significantly higher levels of estrogen receptor-α (ER-α), formation of lobular neoplastic cells, epithelial hyperplasia, lymphocyte infiltration and increased sialylation were detected in DMBA-induced rats. Treatment with KV at 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight resulted in a significant (p<0.05) decrease in ER-α level, significantly (p<0.05) lower free serum sialic acid (21.1%), total sialic acid level of the mammary tissue (21.57%), sialyltransferase activity (30.83%) as well as mRNA level of the sialyltransferase gene (ST3Gal1) were observed after KV interventions. CONCLUSION The findings suggest that KV could be further explored in targeting DMBA-induced mammary damage implicated in mammary carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabiatu B Suleiman
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria
| | - Aliyu Muhammad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria
| | - Ismaila A Umara
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria
| | - Mohammed A Ibrahima
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria
| | - Ochuko L Erukainure
- Department of Pharmacology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300. South Africa
| | - Gilead E Forcados
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria
| | - Sanusi B Katsayal
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria
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18
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Wielgat P, Wawrusiewicz-Kurylonek N, Czarnomysy R, Rogowski K, Bielawski K, Car H. The Paired Siglecs in Brain Tumours Therapy: The Immunomodulatory Effect of Dexamethasone and Temozolomide in Human Glioma In Vitro Model. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041791. [PMID: 33670244 PMCID: PMC7916943 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The paired sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin like lectins (Siglecs) are characterized by similar cellular distribution and ligand recognition but opposing signalling functions attributed to different intracellular sequences. Since sialic acid—Siglec axis are known to control immune homeostasis, the imbalance between activatory and inhibitory mechanisms of glycan-dependent immune control is considered to promote pathology. The role of sialylation in cancer is described, however, its importance in immune regulation in gliomas is not fully understood. The experimental and clinical observation suggest that dexamethasone (Dex) and temozolomide (TMZ), used in the glioma management, alter the immunity within the tumour microenvironment. Using glioma-microglia/monocytes transwell co-cultures, we investigated modulatory action of Dex/TMZ on paired Siglecs. Based on real-time PCR and flow cytometry, we found changes in SIGLEC genes and their products. These effects were accompanied by altered cytokine profile and immune cells phenotype switching measured by arginases expression. Additionally, the exposure to Dex or TMZ increased the binding of inhibitory Siglec-5 and Siglec-11 fusion proteins to glioma cells. Our study suggests that the therapy-induced modulation of the interplay between sialoglycans and paired Siglecs, dependently on patient’s phenotype, is of particular signification in the immune surveillance in the glioma management and may be useful in glioma patient’s therapy plan verification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Przemyslaw Wielgat
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 15A, 15-274 Bialystok, Poland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-85-7450-647
| | | | - Robert Czarnomysy
- Department of Synthesis and Technology of Drugs, Medical University of Bialystok, Kilińskiego 1, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland; (R.C.); (K.B.)
| | - Karol Rogowski
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Medical University of Bialystok, Szpitalna 37, 15-295 Bialystok, Poland;
| | - Krzysztof Bielawski
- Department of Synthesis and Technology of Drugs, Medical University of Bialystok, Kilińskiego 1, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland; (R.C.); (K.B.)
| | - Halina Car
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 15A, 15-274 Bialystok, Poland;
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Medical University of Bialystok, Szpitalna 37, 15-295 Bialystok, Poland;
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19
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Skropeta D, Dobie C, Montgomery AP, Steele H, Szabo R, Yu H. Sialyltransferase Inhibitors as Potential Anti-Cancer Agents. Aust J Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1071/ch21195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Sialic acid occupies a privileged position at the terminus of the glycan chain of many cell-surface glycoconjugates. Owing to both their structure and location, charged sialic acid residues mediate numerous critical interactions in cell–cell communication including cell recognition, invasion, migration, receptor binding, and immunological responses. Sialyltransferases (STs) are the enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of sialylated glycans and are highly upregulated, up to 40–60 %, in a range of cancers, with tumour hypersialylation strongly correlated with both tumour progression and treatment resistance. Accordingly, inhibiting sialylation is currently being explored by several research groups worldwide as a potential new cancer treatment strategy. However, to progress small molecule ST inhibitors into the clinic, issues around selectivity, synthetic accessibility, and cell permeability need to be addressed. Using computationally guided design principles, we produced a leading series of ST inhibitors by replacing the cytidine nucleoside with uridine and substituting the charged phosphodiester linker with a carbamate or triazole moiety. Biological evaluation of the newly developed inhibitors was performed using commercially available human ST enzymes, with the Ki inhibition values of the lead compounds ranging from 1 to 20 µM. Compared with earlier generations of sialylation inhibitors, our inhibitors are non-toxic in a range of cell studies, with improved synthetic accessibility.
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20
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Läubli H, Kawanishi K, George Vazhappilly C, Matar R, Merheb M, Sarwar Siddiqui S. Tools to study and target the Siglec-sialic acid axis in cancer. FEBS J 2020; 288:6206-6225. [PMID: 33251699 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Siglecs are widely expressed on leucocytes and bind to ubiquitously presented glycans containing sialic acids (sialoglycans). Most Siglecs carry an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibition motif (ITIM) and elicit an inhibitory intracellular signal upon ligand binding. A few Siglec receptors can, however, recruit immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM)-containing factors, which activate cells. The role of hypersialylation (the enhanced expression of sialoglycans) has recently been explored in cancer progression. Mechanistic studies have shown that hypersialylation on cancer cells can engage inhibitory Siglecs on the surface of immune cells and induce immunosuppression. These recent studies strongly suggest that the Siglec-sialic acid axis can act as a potential target for cancer immunotherapy. Moreover, the use of new tools and techniques is facilitating these studies. In this review, we summarise techniques used to study Siglecs, including different mouse models, monoclonal antibodies, Siglec fusion proteins, and sialoglycan arrays. Furthermore, we discuss the recent major developments in the study of Siglecs in cancer immunosuppression, tools, and techniques used in targeting the Siglec-sialic acid axis and the possibility of clinical intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heinz Läubli
- Laboratory for Cancer Immunotherapy, Department of Biomedicine, and Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland
| | - Kunio Kawanishi
- Kidney and Vascular Pathology, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | | | - Rachel Matar
- Department of Biotechnology, American University of Ras Al Khaimah (AURAK), UAE
| | - Maxime Merheb
- Department of Biotechnology, American University of Ras Al Khaimah (AURAK), UAE
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Karhadkar TR, Meek TD, Gomer RH. Inhibiting Sialidase-Induced TGF- β1 Activation Attenuates Pulmonary Fibrosis in Mice. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2020; 376:106-117. [PMID: 33144389 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.120.000258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The active form of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) plays a key role in potentiating fibrosis. TGF-β1 is sequestered in an inactive state by a latency-associated glycopeptide (LAP). Sialidases (also called neuraminidases (NEU)) cleave terminal sialic acids from glycoconjugates. The sialidase NEU3 is upregulated in fibrosis, and mice lacking Neu3 show attenuated bleomycin-induced increases in active TGF-β1 in the lungs and attenuated pulmonary fibrosis. Here we observe that recombinant human NEU3 upregulates active human TGF-β1 by releasing active TGF-β1 from its latent inactive form by desialylating LAP. Based on the proposed mechanism of action of NEU3, we hypothesized that compounds with a ring structure resembling picolinic acid might be transition state analogs and thus possible NEU3 inhibitors. Some compounds in this class showed nanomolar IC50 for recombinant human NEU3 releasing active human TGF-β1 from the latent inactive form. The compounds given as daily 0.1-1-mg/kg injections starting at day 10 strongly attenuated lung inflammation, lung TGF-β1 upregulation, and pulmonary fibrosis at day 21 in a mouse bleomycin model of pulmonary fibrosis. These results suggest that NEU3 participates in fibrosis by desialylating LAP and releasing TGF-β1 and that the new class of NEU3 inhibitors are potential therapeutics for fibrosis. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The extracellular sialidase NEU3 appears to be a key driver of pulmonary fibrosis. The significance of this report is that 1) we show the mechanism (NEU3 desialylates the latency-associated glycopeptide protein that keeps the profibrotic cytokine transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) in an inactive state, causing active TGF-β1 release), 2) we then use the predicted NEU3 mechanism to identify nM IC50 NEU3 inhibitors, and 3) these new NEU3 inhibitors are potent therapeutics in a mouse model of pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tejas R Karhadkar
- Departments of Biology (T.R.K., R.H.G.) and Biochemistry and Biophysics (T.D.M.), Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Thomas D Meek
- Departments of Biology (T.R.K., R.H.G.) and Biochemistry and Biophysics (T.D.M.), Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Richard H Gomer
- Departments of Biology (T.R.K., R.H.G.) and Biochemistry and Biophysics (T.D.M.), Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
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22
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Dobie C, Skropeta D. Insights into the role of sialylation in cancer progression and metastasis. Br J Cancer 2020; 124:76-90. [PMID: 33144696 PMCID: PMC7782833 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-020-01126-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Upregulation of sialyltransferases—the enzymes responsible for the addition of sialic acid to growing glycoconjugate chains—and the resultant hypersialylation of up to 40–60% of tumour cell surfaces are established hallmarks of several cancers, including lung, breast, ovarian, pancreatic and prostate cancer. Hypersialylation promotes tumour metastasis by several routes, including enhancing immune evasion and tumour cell survival, and stimulating tumour invasion and migration. The critical role of enzymes that regulate sialic acid in tumour cell growth and metastasis points towards targeting sialylation as a potential new anti-metastatic cancer treatment strategy. Herein, we explore insights into the mechanisms by which hypersialylation plays a role in promoting metastasis, and explore the current state of sialyltransferase inhibitor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Dobie
- School of Chemistry & Molecular Bioscience, Faculty of Science, Medicine & Health; and Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Danielle Skropeta
- School of Chemistry & Molecular Bioscience, Faculty of Science, Medicine & Health; and Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Wollongong, Australia. .,Illawarra Health & Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia.
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23
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Wielgat P, Rogowski K, Godlewska K, Car H. Coronaviruses: Is Sialic Acid a Gate to the Eye of Cytokine Storm? From the Entry to the Effects. Cells 2020; 9:E1963. [PMID: 32854433 PMCID: PMC7564400 DOI: 10.3390/cells9091963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronaviruses (CoVs) are a diverse family of the enveloped human and animal viruses reported as causative agents for respiratory and intestinal infections. The high pathogenic potential of human CoVs, including SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2, is closely related to the invasion mechanisms underlying the attachment and entry of viral particles to the host cells. There is increasing evidence that sialylated compounds of cellular glycocalyx can serve as an important factor in the mechanism of CoVs infection. Additionally, the sialic acid-mediated cross-reactivity with the host immune lectins is known to exert the immune response of different intensity in selected pathological stages. Here, we focus on the last findings in the field of glycobiology in the context of the role of sialic acid in tissue tropism, viral entry kinetics and immune regulation in the CoVs infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Przemyslaw Wielgat
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 15A, 15274 Bialystok, Poland;
| | - Karol Rogowski
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Medical University of Bialystok, Szpitalna 37, 15295 Bialystok, Poland;
| | - Katarzyna Godlewska
- Department of Haematology, Medical University of Bialystok, M. Sklodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15276 Bialystok, Poland;
| | - Halina Car
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 15A, 15274 Bialystok, Poland;
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Medical University of Bialystok, Szpitalna 37, 15295 Bialystok, Poland;
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Rasheduzzaman M, Kulasinghe A, Dolcetti R, Kenny L, Johnson NW, Kolarich D, Punyadeera C. Protein glycosylation in head and neck cancers: From diagnosis to treatment. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2020; 1874:188422. [PMID: 32853734 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2020.188422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Glycosylation is the most common post-translational modification (PTM) of proteins. Malignant tumour cells frequently undergo an alteration in surface protein glycosylation. This phenomenon is also common in cancers of the head and neck, most of which are squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC). It affects cell functions, including proliferation, motility and invasiveness, thus increasing the propensity to metastasise. HNSCC represents the sixth most frequent malignancy worldwide. These neoplasms, which arise from the mucous membranes of the various anatomical subsites of the upper aero-digestive tract, are heterogeneous in terms of aetiology and clinico-pathologic features. With current treatments, only about 50% of HNSCC patients survive beyond 5-years. Therefore, there is the pressing need to dissect NHSCC heterogeneity to inform treatment choices. In particular, reliable biomarkers of predictive and prognostic value are eagerly needed. This review describes the current state of the art and bio-pathological meaning of glycosylation signatures associated with HNSCC and explores the possible role of tumour specific glycoproteins as potential biomarkers and attractive therapeutic targets. We have also compiled data relating to altered glycosylation and the nature of glycoproteins as tools for the identification of circulating tumour cells (CTCs) in the new era of liquid biopsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Rasheduzzaman
- Saliva and Liquid Biopsy Translational Laboratory, The School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia; Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Arutha Kulasinghe
- Saliva and Liquid Biopsy Translational Laboratory, The School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia; Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Riccardo Dolcetti
- Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia.; The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, 37 Kent Street Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Liz Kenny
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Care Services, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Joyce Tweddell Building, Herston, QLD, 4029, Australia
| | - Newell W Johnson
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, Australia; Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King's College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Kolarich
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, Griffith University, QLD, Australia.
| | - Chamindie Punyadeera
- Saliva and Liquid Biopsy Translational Laboratory, The School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia; Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia..
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Establishment and characterization of Neu1-knockout zebrafish and its abnormal clinical phenotypes. Biochem J 2020; 477:2841-2857. [PMID: 32686823 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20200348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian sialidase Neu1 is involved in various physiological functions, including cell adhesion, differentiation, cancer metastasis, and diabetes through lysosomal catabolism and desialylation of glycoproteins at the plasma membrane. Various animal models have been established to further explore the functions of vertebrate Neu1. The present study focused on zebrafish (Danio rerio) belonging to Cypriniformes as an experimental animal model with neu1 gene deficiency. The results revealed that the zebrafish Neu1 desialyzed both α2-3 and α2-6 sialic acid linkages from oligosaccharides and glycoproteins at pH 4.5, and it is highly conserved with other fish species and mammalian Neu1. Furthermore, Neu1-knockout zebrafish (Neu1-KO) was established through CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing. Neu1-KO fish exhibited slight abnormal embryogenesis with the accumulation of pleural effusion; however, no embryonic lethality was observed. Although Neu1-KO fish were able to be maintained as homozygous, they showed smaller body length and weight than the wild-type (WT) fish, and muscle atrophy and curvature of the vertebra were observed in adult Neu1-KO fish (8 months). The expression patterns of myod and myog transcription factors regulating muscle differentiation varied between Neu1-KO and WT fish embryo. Expression of lysosomal-related genes, including ctsa, lamp1a, and tfeb were up-regulated in adult Neu1-KO muscle as compared with WT. Furthermore, the expression pattern of genes involved in bone remodeling (runx2a, runx2b, and mmp9) was decreased in Neu1-KO fish. These phenotypes were quite similar to those of Neu1-KO mice and human sialidosis patients, indicating the effectiveness of the established Neu1-KO zebrafish for the study of vertebrate Neu1 sialidase.
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Wielgat P, Rogowski K, Niemirowicz-Laskowska K, Car H. Sialic Acid-Siglec Axis as Molecular Checkpoints Targeting of Immune System: Smart Players in Pathology and Conventional Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21124361. [PMID: 32575400 PMCID: PMC7352527 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The sialic acid-based molecular mimicry in pathogens and malignant cells is a regulatory mechanism that leads to cross-reactivity with host antigens resulting in suppression and tolerance in the immune system. The interplay between sialoglycans and immunoregulatory Siglec receptors promotes foreign antigens hiding and immunosurveillance impairment. Therefore, molecular targeting of immune checkpoints, including sialic acid-Siglec axis, is a promising new field of inflammatory disorders and cancer therapy. However, the conventional drugs used in regular management can interfere with glycome machinery and exert a divergent effect on immune controlling systems. Here, we focus on the known effects of standard therapies on the sialoglycan-Siglec checkpoint and their importance in diagnosis, prediction, and clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Przemyslaw Wielgat
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 15A, 15-274 Bialystok, Poland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-85-7450-647
| | - Karol Rogowski
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Medical University of Bialystok, Szpitalna 37, 15-295 Bialystok, Poland; (K.R.); (K.N.-L.)
| | - Katarzyna Niemirowicz-Laskowska
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Medical University of Bialystok, Szpitalna 37, 15-295 Bialystok, Poland; (K.R.); (K.N.-L.)
| | - Halina Car
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 15A, 15-274 Bialystok, Poland;
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Medical University of Bialystok, Szpitalna 37, 15-295 Bialystok, Poland; (K.R.); (K.N.-L.)
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27
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Bauer TJ, Gombocz E, Wehland M, Bauer J, Infanger M, Grimm D. Insight in Adhesion Protein Sialylation and Microgravity Dependent Cell Adhesion-An Omics Network Approach. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21051749. [PMID: 32143440 PMCID: PMC7084616 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The adhesion behavior of human tissue cells changes in vitro, when gravity forces affecting these cells are modified. To understand the mechanisms underlying these changes, proteins involved in cell-cell or cell-extracellular matrix adhesion, their expression, accumulation, localization, and posttranslational modification (PTM) regarding changes during exposure to microgravity were investigated. As the sialylation of adhesion proteins is influencing cell adhesion on Earth in vitro and in vivo, we analyzed the sialylation of cell adhesion molecules detected by omics studies on cells, which change their adhesion behavior when exposed to microgravity. Using a knowledge graph created from experimental omics data and semantic searches across several reference databases, we studied the sialylation of adhesion proteins glycosylated at their extracellular domains with regards to its sensitivity to microgravity. This way, experimental omics data networked with the current knowledge about the binding of sialic acids to cell adhesion proteins, its regulation, and interactions in between those proteins provided insights into the mechanisms behind our experimental findings, suggesting that balancing the sialylation against the de-sialylation of the terminal ends of the adhesion proteins' glycans influences their binding activity. This sheds light on the transition from two- to three-dimensional growth observed in microgravity, mirroring cell migration and cancer metastasis in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J. Bauer
- Clinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, D-39120 Magdeburg, Germany; (T.J.B.); (M.W.); (M.I.); (D.G.)
| | - Erich Gombocz
- Melissa Informatics, 2550 Ninth Street, Suite 114, Berkeley, CA 94710, USA;
| | - Markus Wehland
- Clinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, D-39120 Magdeburg, Germany; (T.J.B.); (M.W.); (M.I.); (D.G.)
| | - Johann Bauer
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, D-82152 Martinsried, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-89-85783803
| | - Manfred Infanger
- Clinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, D-39120 Magdeburg, Germany; (T.J.B.); (M.W.); (M.I.); (D.G.)
| | - Daniela Grimm
- Clinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, D-39120 Magdeburg, Germany; (T.J.B.); (M.W.); (M.I.); (D.G.)
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University Hospital, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
- Department of Microgravity and Translational Regenerative Medicine, Otto von Guericke University, Pfälzer Platz, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
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Shamsi Kazem Abadi S, Deen MC, Watson JN, Shidmoossavee FS, Bennet AJ. Directed evolution of a remarkably efficient Kdnase from a bacterial neuraminidase. Glycobiology 2019; 30:325-333. [DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwz099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractN-acetylneuraminic acid (5-acetamido-3,5-dideoxy-d-glycero-d-galacto-non-2-ulosonic acid), which is the principal sialic acid family member of the non-2-ulosonic acids and their various derivatives, is often found at the terminal position on the glycan chains that adorn all vertebrate cells. This terminal position combined with subtle variations in structure and linkage to the underlying glycan chains between humans and other mammals points to the importance of this diverse group of nine-carbon sugars as indicators of the unique aspects of human evolution and is relevant to understanding an array of human conditions. Enzymes that catalyze the removal N-acetylneuraminic acid from glycoconjugates are called neuraminidases. However, despite their documented role in numerous diseases, due to the promiscuous activity of many neuraminidases, our knowledge of the functions and metabolism of many sialic acids and the effect of the attachment to cellular glycans is limited. To this end, through a concerted effort of generation of random and site-directed mutagenesis libraries, subsequent screens and positive and negative evolutionary selection protocols, we succeeded in identifying three enzyme variants of the neuraminidase from the soil bacterium Micromonospora viridifaciens with markedly altered specificity for the hydrolysis of natural Kdn (3-deoxy-d-glycero-d-galacto-non-2-ulosonic acid) glycosidic linkages compared to those of N-acetylneuraminic acid. These variants catalyze the hydrolysis of Kdn-containing disaccharides with catalytic efficiencies (second-order rate constants: kcat/Km) of greater than 105 M−1 s−1; the best variant displayed an efficiency of >106 M−1 s−1 at its optimal pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeideh Shamsi Kazem Abadi
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Matthew C Deen
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Jacqueline N Watson
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Fahimeh S Shidmoossavee
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Andrew J Bennet
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
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Lee J, Hwang H, Kim S, Hwang J, Yoon J, Yin D, Choi SI, Kim YH, Kim YS, An HJ. Comprehensive Profiling of Surface Gangliosides Extracted from Various Cell Lines by LC-MS/MS. Cells 2019; 8:cells8111323. [PMID: 31717732 PMCID: PMC6912501 DOI: 10.3390/cells8111323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Gangliosides act as a surface marker at the outer cellular membrane and play key roles in cancer cell invasion and metastasis. Despite the biological importance of gangliosides, they have been still poorly characterized due to the lack of effective analytical tools. Herein, we performed molecular profiling and structural elucidation of intact gangliosides in various cell lines including CFPAC1, A549, NCI-H358, MCF7, and Caski. We identified and quantified a total of 76 gangliosides on cell membrane using C18 LC-MS/MS. Gangliosides found in each cell line exhibited high complexity and diversity both qualitatively and quantitatively. The most abundant species was GM3(d34:1) in CFPAC1, NCI-H358, and MCF7, while GM2(d34:1) and GM1(d34:1) were major components in A549 and Caski, respectively. Notably, glycan moieties showed more diversity between cancer cell lines than ceramide moieties. In addition, noncancerous pancreatic cell line (hTERT/HPNE) could be distinguished by gangliosides containing different levels of sialic acid compared with cancerous pancreatic cell line (CFPAC1). These results clearly demonstrated the feasibility of our analytical platform to comprehensive profile of cell surface gangliosides for identifying cell types and subgrouping cancer cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jua Lee
- Graduate School of Analytical Science & Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (J.L.); (S.K.); (J.H.); (J.Y.); (D.Y.)
- Asia-Pacific Glycomics Reference Site, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Heeyoun Hwang
- Research Center of Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju-si 28119, Korea;
| | - Sumin Kim
- Graduate School of Analytical Science & Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (J.L.); (S.K.); (J.H.); (J.Y.); (D.Y.)
- Asia-Pacific Glycomics Reference Site, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Jaeyun Hwang
- Graduate School of Analytical Science & Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (J.L.); (S.K.); (J.H.); (J.Y.); (D.Y.)
- Asia-Pacific Glycomics Reference Site, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Jaekyung Yoon
- Graduate School of Analytical Science & Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (J.L.); (S.K.); (J.H.); (J.Y.); (D.Y.)
- Asia-Pacific Glycomics Reference Site, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Dongtan Yin
- Graduate School of Analytical Science & Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (J.L.); (S.K.); (J.H.); (J.Y.); (D.Y.)
- Asia-Pacific Glycomics Reference Site, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Sun Il Choi
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, National Cancer Center Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, Goyang 10408, Korea; (S.I.C.); (Y.-H.K.)
| | - Yun-Hee Kim
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, National Cancer Center Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, Goyang 10408, Korea; (S.I.C.); (Y.-H.K.)
| | - Yong-Sam Kim
- Genome Editing Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea;
- Department of Biomolecular Science, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Hyun Joo An
- Graduate School of Analytical Science & Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (J.L.); (S.K.); (J.H.); (J.Y.); (D.Y.)
- Asia-Pacific Glycomics Reference Site, Daejeon 34134, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-42-821-8552
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30
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Karhadkar TR, Chen W, Gomer RH. Attenuated pulmonary fibrosis in sialidase-3 knockout ( Neu3-/-) mice. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2019; 318:L165-L179. [PMID: 31617733 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00275.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis involves the formation of inappropriate scar tissue in the lungs, but what drives fibrosis is unclear. Sialidases (also called neuraminidases) cleave terminal sialic acids from glycoconjugates. In humans and mice, pulmonary fibrosis is associated with desialylation of glycoconjugates and upregulation of sialidases. Of the four mammalian sialidases, we previously detected only NEU3 in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from mice with bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. In this report, we show that NEU3 upregulates extracellular accumulation of the profibrotic cytokines IL-6 and IL-1β, and IL-6 upregulates NEU3 in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, suggesting that NEU3 may be part of a positive feedback loop potentiating fibrosis. To further elucidate the role of NEU3 in fibrosis, we used bleomycin to induce lung fibrosis in wild-type C57BL/6 and Neu3-/- mice. At 21 days after bleomycin, compared with male and female C57BL/6 mice, male and female Neu3-/- mice had significantly less inflammation, less upregulation of other sialidases and the profibrotic cytokine active transforming growth factor β1, and less fibrosis in the lungs. Our results suggest that NEU3 participates in fibrosis and that NEU3 could be a target to develop treatments for fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wensheng Chen
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Richard H Gomer
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
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Li F, Ding J. Sialylation is involved in cell fate decision during development, reprogramming and cancer progression. Protein Cell 2019; 10:550-565. [PMID: 30478534 PMCID: PMC6626595 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-018-0597-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Sialylation, or the covalent addition of sialic acid to the terminal end of glycoproteins, is a biologically important modification that is involved in embryonic development, neurodevelopment, reprogramming, oncogenesis and immune responses. In this review, we have given a comprehensive overview of the current literature on the involvement of sialylation in cell fate decision during development, reprogramming and cancer progression. Sialylation is essential for early embryonic development and the deletion of UDP-GlcNAc 2-epimerase, a rate-limiting enzyme in sialic acid biosynthesis, is embryonically lethal. Furthermore, the sialyltransferase ST6GAL1 is required for somatic cell reprogramming, and its downregulation is associated with decreased reprogramming efficiency. In addition, sialylation levels and patterns are altered during cancer progression, indicating the potential of sialylated molecules as cancer biomarkers. Taken together, the current evidences demonstrate that sialylation is involved in crucial cell fate decision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenjie Li
- Program in Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Department of Cell Biology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junjun Ding
- Program in Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
- Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Department of Cell Biology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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Kurebayashi Y, Takahashi T, Miura T, Otsubo T, Minami A, Fujita Y, Sakakibara K, Tanabe M, Iuchi A, Ota R, Ikeda K, Suzuki T. Fluorogenic Probes for Accurate in Situ Imaging of Viral and Mammalian Sialidases. ACS Chem Biol 2019; 14:1195-1204. [PMID: 31120724 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.9b00103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Sialidases are widely distributed in nature and are involved in many physiological and pathological processes. Sialidases are expressed and work in various tissues and organelles. Clarification of the localization of sialidases is very helpful as a way to understand their functions. We previously developed a novel fluorogenic probe for sialidases, BTP3-Neu5Ac, that visualized the localization of sialidase activity in live cells and tissues by precipitating the hydrophobic fluorescent compound; however, for the purpose of accurate fluorescence imaging of sialidase-expressing cells or the distribution of intracellular sialidase activity, BTP3-Neu5Ac was inadequate in imaging performance. We report the design and development of a sialidase imaging probe that improves the sensitivity and accuracy of in situ fluorescence imaging performance as well as increases the hydrophobicity by attaching linear unsaturated hydrocarbon chains into the hydrophobic fluorescent compound of BTP3-Neu5Ac. The newly developed probe showed low diffusivity and high brightness for fluorescence imaging, and it enabled sensitive and highly accurate imaging of viral sialidase in virus-infected cells and sialidase-expressing cells as well as mammalian sialidase in the rat brain. The probe also enabled the fluorescence imaging of intracellular viral sialidase in live-virus-infected cells. The newly developed probe is expected to be a useful tool that will contribute to the progress of research on sialidases in various fields such as research on viruses and brains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuuki Kurebayashi
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka-shi, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Tadanobu Takahashi
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka-shi, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Tomomi Miura
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka-shi, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Tadamune Otsubo
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hiroshima International University, Kure-shi, Hiroshima 737-0112, Japan
| | - Akira Minami
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka-shi, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Yuka Fujita
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka-shi, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Keiko Sakakibara
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka-shi, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Momoko Tanabe
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka-shi, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Ayano Iuchi
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka-shi, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Ryohei Ota
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka-shi, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Ikeda
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hiroshima International University, Kure-shi, Hiroshima 737-0112, Japan
| | - Takashi Suzuki
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka-shi, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
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Liu Y, Liu L, Li S, Wang G, Ju H, Ding L. Filter Beacon: A Gating-Free Architecture for Protein-Specific Glycoform Imaging on Cell Surface. Anal Chem 2019; 91:6027-6034. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b00551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yiran Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Lu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Siqiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Guyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Huangxian Ju
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Lin Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
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Shiozaki K, Oishi K, Honda A. Functional Characterization of Fish Sialidases and Their Diversity among Different Orders. TRENDS GLYCOSCI GLYC 2019. [DOI: 10.4052/tigg.1518.1j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Shiozaki
- Department of Food Life Sciences, Faculty of Fisheries, Kagoshima University
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University
| | - Kazuki Oishi
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University
| | - Akinobu Honda
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University
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35
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Overexpression of sialidase NEU3 increases the cellular radioresistance potential of U87MG glioblastoma cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 508:31-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.11.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Rocher AE, Angeleri AAG, Guerra F, Palaoro LA. Use of Sialic Acid as a Complementary Method in the Cytological Diagnosis: Preliminary Study. J Cytol 2018; 35:242-246. [PMID: 30498298 PMCID: PMC6210818 DOI: 10.4103/joc.joc_161_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cellular morphology does not allow, in many cases, to safely establish a diagnosis of malignancy or benignity. Sialic acid is found in the membranes of well-differentiated mature cells, normally located in the alpha-2,3 position. During tumor progression, changes occur in glycosylation of proteins and lipids, including alterations in the sialylation patterns of tumor cells. OBJECTIVE To confirm the overexpression of alpha-2,6 sialinization in exfoliated cells of body fluids and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) as a malignant indicator mechanism, using glycan-binding lectins. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty samples (20 effusion liquids and 10 BAL) diagnosed by Giemsa and Papanicolaou staining as negative and positive for malignancy, were studied. They were then stained with fluorescein-labeled Sambucus nigra lectin (Sigma Chemicals, USA), which specifically recognizes sialic acid in alpha-2,6 position. The fluorescence obtained at 515 nm evidenced the presence of sialic acid in the 2,6 position. RESULTS Negative body fluids for malignancy showed a fine and homogeneous fluorescence pattern for reactive mesothelial cells. Neoplastic cells revealed a thick, heterogeneous pattern. In BAL, benign hyperplastic cells showed a homogeneous fine pattern while neoplastic cells showed a thick and heterogeneous fluorescence pattern. The pattern described was observed in all cases in the cell membrane. CONCLUSION It was observed that the change in sialic acid conformation detected through Sambucus nigra Lectin could be used as a complementary method for the diagnosis of malignancy in different cytological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana E. Rocher
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Laboratory of Cytology, INFIBIOC, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Anabela A. G. Angeleri
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Laboratory of Cytology, INFIBIOC, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fernando Guerra
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Laboratory of Cytology, INFIBIOC, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Luis A. Palaoro
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Laboratory of Cytology, INFIBIOC, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Forcella M, Mozzi A, Stefanini FM, Riva A, Epistolio S, Molinari F, Merlo E, Monti E, Fusi P, Frattini M. Deregulation of sialidases in human normal and tumor tissues. Cancer Biomark 2018; 21:591-601. [PMID: 29278877 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-170548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aberrant sialylation is a characteristic feature associated with cancer. The four types of mammalian sialidases identified to date have been shown to behave in different manners during carcinogenesis. While NEU1, NEU2 and NEU4 have been observed to oppose malignant phenotypes, the membrane-bound sialidase NEU3 was revealed to promote cancer progression. OBJECTIVES With the aim of improving the knowledge about sialidases deregulation in various cancer types, we investigated the amount of NEU1, NEU3 and NEU4 transcripts in paired normal and tumor tissues from 170 patients with 11 cancer types. METHODS mRNA was extracted from patients' tissue specimens and retrotranscribed into cDNA, which was quantified by Real-Time PCR. RESULTS We found NEU1 and NEU3 to be up regulated, while NEU4 was down regulated in most cancer types. In particular, colorectal cancer tissues showed the highest increase in NEU3 expression. Both NEU1 and NEU3 showed a strong up-regulation in ovarian cancer. CONCLUSIONS Our data show that human sialidases are expressed at different levels in healthy tissues and are strongly deregulated in tumors. Moreover, sialidases expression in our European cohort showed significant differences from Asian populations. Some of these peculiar features open potential applications of sialidases in cancer diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matilde Forcella
- Department of Biotechnologies and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Mozzi
- Department of Biotechnologies and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Federico M Stefanini
- Department of Statistics, Computer Science, Applications, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Alice Riva
- Institute of Pathology, Locarno, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - Eugenio Monti
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Paola Fusi
- Department of Biotechnologies and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.,Department of Biotechnologies and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Milo Frattini
- Institute of Pathology, Locarno, Switzerland.,Department of Biotechnologies and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
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Yang X, Li S, Xiang S, Wu Y, Wang L, Peng J, Feng Y. [Effect of attenuated expression of neuraminidase 3 via RNA interference on the proliferation and apoptosis of osteosarcoma MG-63 cells]. ZHONGGUO XIU FU CHONG JIAN WAI KE ZA ZHI = ZHONGGUO XIUFU CHONGJIAN WAIKE ZAZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF REPARATIVE AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY 2018; 32:887-892. [PMID: 30129313 PMCID: PMC8435967 DOI: 10.7507/1002-1892.201801077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Objective To investigate the effect of attenuated expression of neuraminidase 3 (NEU3) via RNA interference on the proliferation and apoptosis in human osteosarcoma MG-63 cells. Methods MG-63 cells were immunostained to observe the expression of NEU3. The cells were then divided into 5 groups: MG-63 cells in normal control group (group A) were not treated; MG-63 cells in 30, 50, and 100 nmol/L NEU3 RNA interference groups (groups B, C, and D) were transfected with 30, 50, and 100 nmol/L of NEU3 small interfering RNA (siRNA); negative control group (group E), MG-63 cells were transfected with different species negative siRNA (actin siRNA of mice, 50 nmol/L). The expression level of NEU3 mRNA was measured with real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (qPCR). The proliferation of the cells was measured by cell counting kit 8 (CCK-8). The cell apoptosis rate was detected by flowcytometry (FCM). The expressions of cell apoptosis related proteins (Ras and Bcl-2) were detected by Western blot assay. Results NEU3 expressed in the cytoplasm of MG-63 cells under fluorescence microscope. The qPCR results showed that NEU3 mRNA levels were significantly lower in groups B, C, D than that in groups A and E ( P<0.05) after 24 hours of transfection; meanwhile, with the increase of siRNA concentration, NEU3 mRNA levels were significantly decreased ( P<0.05). The CCK-8 results showed that with the increase of siRNA concentration, the survival rate of MG-63 cells was significantly suppressed ( P<0.05) and the apoptosis rate of MG-63 cells was significantly accelerated ( P<0.05) after 48 hours of transfection. FCM results showed that after 24 hours of transfection, the number of live MG-63 cells decreased as that of the dead cells increased in groups B, C, D, and showing significant differences between 3 groups ( P<0.05). While the apoptosis rate in groups B, C, and D showed significant difference when compared with that of group A ( P<0.05); and when compared with group E, the apoptosis rate in groups C and D were significantly reduced ( P<0.05), but there was no significant difference between groups B and E ( P>0.05). The results of Western bolt assay showed that the protein levels of Ras and Bcl-2 in groups B and C were not significantly different from groups A and E ( P>0.05), while the protein levels of Ras and Bcl-2 were significantly decreased in group D ( P<0.05). Conclusion Attenuated expression of NEU3 could inhibit the survival of MG-63 cells and accelerate its apoptosis. The results suggest that NEU3 could be a possible target for treating osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu Sichuan, 610072, P.R.China
| | - Si Li
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu Sichuan, 610041, P.R.China
| | - Shang Xiang
- West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu Sichuan, 610041, P.R.China
| | - Yilun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu Sichuan, 610041, P.R.China
| | - Lin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu Sichuan, 610041, P.R.China
| | - Jin Peng
- West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu Sichuan, 610041, P.R.China
| | - Ying Feng
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu Sichuan, 610041,
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Zhang Z, Wuhrer M, Holst S. Serum sialylation changes in cancer. Glycoconj J 2018; 35:139-160. [PMID: 29680984 PMCID: PMC5916985 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-018-9820-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a major cause of death in both developing and developed countries. Early detection and efficient therapy can greatly enhance survival. Aberrant glycosylation has been recognized to be one of the hallmarks of cancer as glycans participate in many cancer-associated events. Cancer-associated glycosylation changes often involve sialic acids which play important roles in cell-cell interaction, recognition and immunological response. This review aims at giving a comprehensive overview of the literature on changes of sialylation in serum of cancer patients. Furthermore, the methods available to measure serum and plasma sialic acids as well as possible underlying biochemical mechanisms involved in the serum sialylation changes are surveyed. In general, total serum sialylation levels appear to be increased with various malignancies and show a potential for clinical applications, especially for disease monitoring and prognosis. In addition to overall sialic acid levels and the amount of sialic acid per total protein, glycoprofiling of specific cancer-associated glycoproteins, acute phase proteins and immunoglobulins in serum as well as the measurements of sialylation-related enzymes such as sialidases and sialyltransferases have been reported for early detection of cancer, assessing cancer progression and improving prognosis of cancer patients. Moreover, sialic-acid containing glycan antigens such as CA19-9, sialyl Lewis X and sialyl Tn on serum proteins have also displayed their value in cancer diagnosis and management whereby increased levels of these factors positively correlated with metastasis or poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zejian Zhang
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Postzone S3, Postbus 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, NL, The Netherlands.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research Ministry of Public Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Postzone S3, Postbus 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, NL, The Netherlands
| | - Stephanie Holst
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Postzone S3, Postbus 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, NL, The Netherlands.
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Mahanine drives pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells into endoplasmic reticular stress-mediated apoptosis through modulating sialylation process and Ca 2+-signaling. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3911. [PMID: 29500369 PMCID: PMC5834441 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-22143-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress results from protein unfolding/misfolding during cellular maturation, which requires a coordinated action of several chaperones and enzymes and Ca2+ signalling. ER-stress possibly has a positive effect on survival of pancreatic cancer cell. Therefore, detailed insights into this complex signaling network are urgently needed. Here, we systematically analyzed the impact of ER stress-mediated unfolded protein response (UPR) and Ca2+-signaling cross-talk for the survival of pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cells. We observed enhanced ER activity and initiation of UPR signaling induced by a carbazole alkaloid (mahanine). This event triggers a time-dependent increase of intracellular Ca2+ leakage from ER and subsequently Ca2+ signaling induced by enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by this pro-oxidant agent. In addition, we observed an altered glycosylation, in particular with regard to reduced linkage-specific sialic acids possibly due to decreased sialyltransferase activity. Changes in sialylation entailed enhanced expression of the ganglioside GD3 in the treated cells. GD3, an inducer of apoptosis, inhibited pancreatic xenograft tumor. Taken together, our study describes a molecular scenario how PDAC cells are driven into apoptosis by mahanine by UPR-driven ER stress-associated and ROS-mediated calcium signaling and possibly defective sialylation.
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Guo T, Dätwyler P, Demina E, Richards MR, Ge P, Zou C, Zheng R, Fougerat A, Pshezhetsky AV, Ernst B, Cairo CW. Selective Inhibitors of Human Neuraminidase 3. J Med Chem 2018; 61:1990-2008. [PMID: 29425031 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Human neuraminidases (NEU) are associated with human diseases including cancer, atherosclerosis, and diabetes. To obtain small molecule inhibitors as research tools for the study of their biological functions, we designed a library of 2-deoxy-2,3-didehydro- N-acetylneuraminic acid (DANA) analogues with modifications at C4 and C9 positions. This library allowed us to discover selective inhibitors targeting the human NEU3 isoenzyme. Our most selective inhibitor for NEU3 has a Ki of 320 ± 40 nM and a 15-fold selectivity over other human neuraminidase isoenzymes. This inhibitor blocks glycolipid processing by NEU3 in vitro. To improve their pharmacokinetic properties, various esters of the best inhibitors were synthesized and evaluated. Finally, we confirmed that our best compounds exhibited selective inhibition of NEU orthologues from murine brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianlin Guo
- Alberta Glycomics Centre and Department of Chemistry , University of Alberta , Edmonton Alberta T6G 2G2 , Canada
| | - Philipp Dätwyler
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacenter , University of Basel , Klingelbergstrasse 50 , CH-4056 Basel , Switzerland
| | - Ekaterina Demina
- Division of Medical Genetics, Sainte-Justine University Hospital Research Center , University of Montreal , Montréal , Quebec H3T 1C5 , Canada
| | - Michele R Richards
- Alberta Glycomics Centre and Department of Chemistry , University of Alberta , Edmonton Alberta T6G 2G2 , Canada
| | - Peng Ge
- Alberta Glycomics Centre and Department of Chemistry , University of Alberta , Edmonton Alberta T6G 2G2 , Canada
| | - Chunxia Zou
- Alberta Glycomics Centre and Department of Chemistry , University of Alberta , Edmonton Alberta T6G 2G2 , Canada
| | - Ruixiang Zheng
- Alberta Glycomics Centre and Department of Chemistry , University of Alberta , Edmonton Alberta T6G 2G2 , Canada
| | - Anne Fougerat
- Division of Medical Genetics, Sainte-Justine University Hospital Research Center , University of Montreal , Montréal , Quebec H3T 1C5 , Canada
| | - Alexey V Pshezhetsky
- Division of Medical Genetics, Sainte-Justine University Hospital Research Center , University of Montreal , Montréal , Quebec H3T 1C5 , Canada
| | - Beat Ernst
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacenter , University of Basel , Klingelbergstrasse 50 , CH-4056 Basel , Switzerland
| | - Christopher W Cairo
- Alberta Glycomics Centre and Department of Chemistry , University of Alberta , Edmonton Alberta T6G 2G2 , Canada
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Ferreira IG, Pucci M, Venturi G, Malagolini N, Chiricolo M, Dall'Olio F. Glycosylation as a Main Regulator of Growth and Death Factor Receptors Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19020580. [PMID: 29462882 PMCID: PMC5855802 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19020580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycosylation is a very frequent and functionally important post-translational protein modification that undergoes profound changes in cancer. Growth and death factor receptors and plasma membrane glycoproteins, which upon activation by extracellular ligands trigger a signal transduction cascade, are targets of several molecular anti-cancer drugs. In this review, we provide a thorough picture of the mechanisms bywhich glycosylation affects the activity of growth and death factor receptors in normal and pathological conditions. Glycosylation affects receptor activity through three non-mutually exclusive basic mechanisms: (1) by directly regulating intracellular transport, ligand binding, oligomerization and signaling of receptors; (2) through the binding of receptor carbohydrate structures to galectins, forming a lattice thatregulates receptor turnover on the plasma membrane; and (3) by receptor interaction with gangliosides inside membrane microdomains. Some carbohydrate chains, for example core fucose and β1,6-branching, exert a stimulatory effect on all receptors, while other structures exert opposite effects on different receptors or in different cellular contexts. In light of the crucial role played by glycosylation in the regulation of receptor activity, the development of next-generation drugs targeting glyco-epitopes of growth factor receptors should be considered a therapeutically interesting goal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Gomes Ferreira
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), General Pathology Building, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Michela Pucci
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), General Pathology Building, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Giulia Venturi
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), General Pathology Building, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Nadia Malagolini
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), General Pathology Building, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Mariella Chiricolo
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), General Pathology Building, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Fabio Dall'Olio
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), General Pathology Building, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
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Association of cytosolic sialidase Neu2 with plasma membrane enhances Fas-mediated apoptosis by impairing PI3K-Akt/mTOR-mediated pathway in pancreatic cancer cells. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:210. [PMID: 29434218 PMCID: PMC5833727 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-017-0191-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Modulation of sialylation by sialyltransferases and sialidases plays essential role in carcinogenesis. There are few reports on sialyltransferase, however, the contribution of cytosolic sialidase (Neu2) remains unexplored in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). We observed lower expression of Neu2 in different PDAC cells, patient tissues, and a significant strong association with clinicopathological characteristics. Neu2 overexpression guided drug-resistant MIAPaCa2 and AsPC1 cells toward apoptosis as evidenced by decreased Bcl2/Bax ratio, activation of caspase-3/caspase-6/caspase-8, PARP reduction, reduced CDK2/CDK4/CDK6, and cyclin-B1/cyclin-E with unaffected caspase-9. Neu2-overexpressed cells exhibited higher expression of Fas/CD95-death receptor, FasL, FADD, and Bid cleavage confirming extrinsic pathway-mediated apoptosis. α2,6-linked sialylation of Fas helps cancer cells to survive, which is a substrate for Neu2. Therefore, their removal should enhance Fas-mediated apoptosis. Neu2-overexpressed cells indeed showed increased enzyme activity even on membrane. Interestingly, this membrane-bound Neu2 exhibited enhanced association with Fas causing its desialylation and activation as corroborated by decreased association of Fas with α2,6-sialic acid-binding lectin. Additionally, enhanced cytosolic Neu2 inhibited the expression of several growth factor-mediated signaling molecules involved in PI3K/Akt–mTOR pathway probably through desialylation which in turn also causes Fas activation. Furthermore, Neu2-overexpressed cells exhibited reduced cell migration, invasion with decreased VEGF, VEGFR, and MMP9 levels. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of cytosolic Neu2 on membrane, its association with Fas, enhanced desialylation, activation, and Fas-mediated apoptosis. Taken together, our study ascertains a novel concept by which the function of Fas/CD95 could be modulated indicating a critical role of upstream Neu2 as a promising target for inducing apoptosis in pancreatic cancer.
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Haxho F, Neufeld RJ, Szewczuk MR. Neuraminidase-1: a novel therapeutic target in multistage tumorigenesis. Oncotarget 2018; 7:40860-40881. [PMID: 27029067 PMCID: PMC5130050 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Several of the growth factors and their receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK) such as epidermal growth factor (EGF), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), fibroblast growth factor (FGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), nerve growth factor (NGF) and insulin are promising candidate targets for cancer therapy. Indeed, tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) have been developed to target these growth factors and their receptors, and have demonstrated dramatic initial responses in cancer therapy. Yet, most patients ultimately develop TKI drug resistance and relapse. It is essential in the clinical setting that the targeted therapies are to circumvent multistage tumorigenesis, including genetic mutations at the different growth factor receptors, tumor neovascularization, chemoresistance of tumors, immune-mediated tumorigenesis and the development of tissue invasion and metastasis. Here, we identify a novel receptor signaling platform linked to EGF, NGF, insulin and TOLL-like receptor (TLR) activations, all of which are known to play major roles in tumorigenesis. The importance of these findings signify an innovative and promising entirely new targeted therapy for cancer. The role of mammalian neuraminidase-1 (Neu1) in complex with matrix metalloproteinase-9 and G protein-coupled receptor tethered to RTKs and TLRs is identified as a major target in multistage tumorigenesis. Evidence exposing the link connecting growth factor-binding and immune-mediated tumorigenesis to this novel receptor-signaling paradigm will be reviewed in its current relationship to cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Haxho
- Departments of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ronald J Neufeld
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Myron R Szewczuk
- Departments of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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Biological and Pathological Roles of Ganglioside Sialidases. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2018; 156:121-150. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2017.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Abstract
Tumor-associated gangliosides play important roles in regulation of signal transduction induced by growth-factor receptors including EGFR, FGFR, HGF and PDGFR in a specific microdomain called glycosynapse in the cancer cell membranes, and in interaction with glycan recognition molecules involved in cell adhesion and immune regulation including selectins and siglecs. As the genes involved in the synthesis and degradation of tumor-associated gangliosides were identified, biological functions became clearer from the experimental results employing forced overexpression and/or knockdown/knockout of the genes. Studies on the regulatory mechanisms for their expression also achieved great advancements. Epigenetic silencing of glycan-related genes is a dominant mechanism in glycan alteration at early stages of carcinogenesis. Development of hypoxia resistance involving activation of a transcription factor HIF, and acquisition of cancer stem cell-like characteristics through epithelial-mesenchymal transition are important mechanisms for glycan modulations in the later stages of cancer progression. In the initial stages of studies, the gangliosides which specifically appear in cancers attracted attention under the name of tumor-associated gangliosides. However, it became apparent that not only the cancer-associated gangliosides but also the normal gangliosides present in nonmalignant cells and tissues perform important biological functions, and some of them tend to disappear in cancer cells resulting in the loss of the physiological functions, and this sometimes facilitates progression of cancers.
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Karhadkar TR, Pilling D, Cox N, Gomer RH. Sialidase inhibitors attenuate pulmonary fibrosis in a mouse model. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15069. [PMID: 29118338 PMCID: PMC5678159 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15198-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis involves increasing amounts of scar tissue appearing in a tissue, but what drives this is unclear. In fibrotic lesions in human and mouse lungs, we found extensive desialylation of glycoconjugates, and upregulation of sialidases. The fibrosis-associated cytokine TGF-β1 upregulates sialidases in human airway epithelium cells, lung fibroblasts, and immune system cells. Conversely, addition of sialidases to human peripheral blood mononuclear cells induces accumulation of extracellular TGF-β1, forming what appears to be a sialidase - TGF-β1 - sialidase positive feedback loop. Monocyte-derived cells called fibrocytes also activate fibroblasts, and we found that sialidases potentiate fibrocyte differentiation. A sialylated glycoprotein called serum amyloid P (SAP) inhibits fibrocyte differentiation, and sialidases attenuate SAP function. Injections of the sialidase inhibitors DANA and oseltamivir (Tamiflu) starting either 1 day or 10 days after bleomycin strongly attenuate pulmonary fibrosis in the mouse bleomycin model, and by breaking the feedback loop, cause a downregulation of sialidase and TGF-β1 accumulation. Together, these results suggest that a positive feedback loop involving sialidases potentiates fibrosis, and suggest that sialidase inhibitors could be useful for the treatment of fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tejas R Karhadkar
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, 301 Old Main Drive, College Station, Texas, 77843-3474, USA
| | - Darrell Pilling
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, 301 Old Main Drive, College Station, Texas, 77843-3474, USA
| | - Nehemiah Cox
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, 301 Old Main Drive, College Station, Texas, 77843-3474, USA
| | - Richard H Gomer
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, 301 Old Main Drive, College Station, Texas, 77843-3474, USA.
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Sialidase NEU3 defines invasive potential of human glioblastoma cells by regulating calpain-mediated proteolysis of focal adhesion proteins. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2017; 1861:2778-2788. [PMID: 28760640 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2017.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma multiforme is one of the most malignant tumors of the human central nervous system characterized by high degree of invasiveness. Focusing on this invasive nature, we investigated whether ganglioside-specific sialidase NEU3 might be involved, because gangliosides are major components of brain tissues, and cell surface sialic acids, as target residues of sialidase catalysis, are thought to be closely related to cell invasion. METHODS NEU3 mRNA levels of human glioblastoma specimens were evaluated by quantitative RT-PCR. Human glioblastoma cell lines, U251, A172, and T98G were used for cell invasion and migration by transwell and cell scratching assay. The molecules involved in the signaling cascade were investigated by western blot and immunofluorescent microscopy. RESULTS NEU3 expression was down-regulated in human glioblastoma specimens. In the human glioblastoma cell lines, NEU3 overexpression reduced invasion and migration by promoting the assembly of focal adhesions through reduced calpain-dependent proteolysis, but NEU3 silencing resulted in accelerating cell invasion via disassembly of focal adhesions. In NEU3-silenced cells, elevation of calpain activity and GM3 accumulation were observed, as results of reduced sialidase hydrolysis, localization of calpain and GM3 at the cell lamellipodium being demonstrated by immunofluorescence microscopy. CONCLUSION Sialidase NEU3 was found to exert a great influence on cell invasion in regulation of calpain activity and focal adhesion disassembly and consequent invasive potential of glioblastoma cells. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE This first demonstration of sialidase involvement in invasive potential of gliolastoma cells may point to NEU3 as an attractive treatment target of human gliomas.
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Badr HA, AlSadek DMM, El-Houseini ME, Saeui CT, Mathew MP, Yarema KJ, Ahmed H. Harnessing cancer cell metabolism for theranostic applications using metabolic glycoengineering of sialic acid in breast cancer as a pioneering example. Biomaterials 2017; 116:158-173. [PMID: 27926828 PMCID: PMC5193387 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.11.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Abnormal cell surface display of sialic acids - a family of unusual 9-carbon sugars - is widely recognized as distinguishing feature of many types of cancer. Sialoglycans, however, typically cannot be identified with sufficiently high reproducibility and sensitivity to serve as clinically accepted biomarkers and similarly, almost all efforts to exploit cancer-specific differences in sialylation signatures for therapy remain in early stage development. In this report we provide an overview of important facets of glycosylation that contribute to cancer in general with a focus on breast cancer as an example of malignant disease characterized by aberrant sialylation. We then describe how cancer cells experience nutrient deprivation during oncogenesis and discuss how the resulting metabolic reprogramming, which endows breast cancer cells with the ability to obtain nutrients during scarcity, constitutes an "Achilles' heel" that we believe can be exploited by metabolic glycoengineering (MGE) strategies to develop new diagnostic methods and therapeutic approaches. In particular, we hypothesize that adaptations made by breast cancer cells that allow them to efficiently scavenge sialic acid during times of nutrient deprivation renders them vulnerable to MGE, which refers to the use of exogenously-supplied, non-natural monosaccharide analogues to modulate targeted aspects of glycosylation in living cells and animals. In specific, once non-natural sialosides are incorporated into the cancer "sialome" they can be exploited as epitopes for immunotherapy or as chemical tags for targeted delivery of imaging or therapeutic agents selectively to tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitham A Badr
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Dina M M AlSadek
- Department of Histology and Cytology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Motawa E El-Houseini
- Cancer Biology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo 11796, Egypt
| | - Christopher T Saeui
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Translational Tissue Engineering Center, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Mohit P Mathew
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Translational Tissue Engineering Center, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Kevin J Yarema
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Translational Tissue Engineering Center, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA.
| | - Hafiz Ahmed
- GlycoMantra, Inc., Baltimore, MD 21227, USA.
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Gattu S, Crihfield CL, Holland LA. Microscale Measurements of Michaelis-Menten Constants of Neuraminidase with Nanogel Capillary Electrophoresis for the Determination of the Sialic Acid Linkage. Anal Chem 2016; 89:929-936. [PMID: 27936604 PMCID: PMC5214287 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b04074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Phospholipid nanogels enhance the stability and performance of the exoglycosidase enzyme neuraminidase and are used to create a fixed zone of enzyme within a capillary. With nanogels, there is no need to covalently immobilize the enzyme, as it is physically constrained. This enables rapid quantification of Michaelis-Menten constants (KM) for different substrates and ultimately provides a means to quantify the linkage (i.e., 2-3 versus 2-6) of sialic acids. The fixed zone of enzyme is inexpensive and easily positioned in the capillary to support electrophoresis mediated microanalysis using neuraminidase to analyze sialic acid linkages. To circumvent the limitations of diffusion during static incubation, the incubation period is reproducibly achieved by varying the number of forward and reverse passes the substrate makes through the stationary fixed zone using in-capillary electrophoretic mixing. A KM value of 3.3 ± 0.8 mM (Vmax, 2100 ± 200 μM/min) was obtained for 3'-sialyllactose labeled with 2-aminobenzoic acid using neuraminidase from Clostridium perfringens that cleaves sialic acid monomers with an α2-3,6,8,9 linkage, which is similar to values reported in the literature that required benchtop analyses. The enzyme cleaves the 2-3 linkage faster than the 2-6, and a KM of 2 ± 1 mM (Vmax, 400 ± 100 μM/min) was obtained for the 6'-sialyllactose substrate. An alternative neuraminidase selective for 2-3 sialic acid linkages generated a KM value of 3 ± 2 mM (Vmax, 900 ± 300 μM/min) for 3'-sialyllactose. With a knowledge of Vmax, the method was applied to a mixture of 2-3 and 2-6 sialyllactose as well as 2-3 and 2-6 sialylated triantennary glycan. Nanogel electrophoresis is an inexpensive, rapid, and simple alternative to current technologies used to distinguish the composition of 3' and 6' sialic acid linkages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srikanth Gattu
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University , Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
| | - Cassandra L Crihfield
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University , Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
| | - Lisa A Holland
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University , Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
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