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Chen X, Liu Y, Ren L, Dai X, Zhao J, Gao C, Zhang S, Dong J, Zhao Z, Li Y, Wang J, Zhao H, Gong G, He X, Bian Y. Extraction, purification, structural characteristics and biological properties of the polysaccharides from Armillaria mellea (Vahl) P. Kumm.: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 259:129175. [PMID: 38181916 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.129175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Armillaria mellea (Vahl) P. Kumm. is a well-known homoeopathic plant with medicinal and culinary uses. Modern phytochemical researchers have successfully extracted and purified over 40 types of A. mellea polysaccharides (AMPs) from the fruiting bodies, hyphae and fermentation broth of A. mellea, and some of them have been analyzed and identified by their chemical structures. The impressive biological activity of these polysaccharides has been recognized by scientists worldwide. Many studies show that AMPs have remarkable antioxidant, anti-diabetic, anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, immunoregulatory, hypolipidemic, thrombectomy, anti-aging, pulmonary protective, hepatic protective, anti-Alzheimer's properties, etc. However, the current understanding of the relationships between their chemical structure and biological activity, toxicological effects and pharmacokinetics remains limited. This article provides a systematic review of the research conducted over the past decades on the extraction and purification methods, structural characteristics, biological activity and mechanism of action of AMPs. The aim is to provide a research base that will benefit the future application of AMPs as therapeutic drugs and functional foods, and also provide insights for the further development of AMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xufei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Modern Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Yinghai Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, General Hospital of the Western Theater Command of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Chengdu, Sichuan 610036, China
| | - Ling Ren
- Department of Anesthesiology, General Hospital of the Western Theater Command of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Chengdu, Sichuan 610036, China
| | - Xufen Dai
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Modern Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Juanjuan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Modern Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Chunli Gao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Modern Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Shengxiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Modern Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Jianhui Dong
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Modern Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Zeyuan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Modern Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Yanfeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Modern Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Jia Wang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Modern Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Modern Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Gu Gong
- Department of Anesthesiology, General Hospital of the Western Theater Command of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Chengdu, Sichuan 610036, China
| | - Xirui He
- School of Bioengineering, Zhuhai Campus, Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519041, China.
| | - Yangyang Bian
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Modern Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China.
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2
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Liu X, Cai S, Yi J, Chu C. Chinese Sumac Fruits ( Rhus chinesis Mill.) Alleviate Type 2 Diabetes in C57BL/6 Mice through Repairing Islet Cell Functions, Regulating IRS-1/PI3K/AKT Pathways and Promoting the Entry of Nrf2 into the Nucleus. Nutrients 2023; 15:4080. [PMID: 37764863 PMCID: PMC10535436 DOI: 10.3390/nu15184080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This research aimed to probe the potential alleviative effects of ethanol extracts of Chinese sumac (Rhus chinesis Mill.) fruits against type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in C57BL/6 mice induced by high-fat/high-fructose diet (HFFD) and streptozotocin. The results showed that the ethanol extracts could significantly regulate blood glucose levels, glycosylated hemoglobin, blood lipids, insulin, and insulin resistance, while also restoring endogenous oxidative stress. Pathological and immunohistochemical analyses revealed that the extracts partially restored the physiological function of islet cells. Furthermore, Western blotting results suggested that the extracts could regulate the protein expression in IRS-1/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, and immunofluorescence findings demonstrated their potential to promote the translocation of Nrf2 into the nucleus. This study elucidated a novel finding that ethanol extracts derived from Chinese sumac fruits have the potential to alleviate symptoms of T2DM in mice. Moreover, these findings could offer valuable scientific insights into the potential utilization of R. chinensis fruits as nutritional supplement and/or functional food to prevent or ameliorate diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Liu
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Yunnan Institute of Food Safety, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China; (X.L.); (S.C.); (J.Y.)
- State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Shengbao Cai
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Yunnan Institute of Food Safety, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China; (X.L.); (S.C.); (J.Y.)
- Yunnan Engineering Research Center for Fruit & Vegetable Products, Kunming 650500, China
- Green Food Processing International Science and Technology R & D Center of Kunming City, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Junjie Yi
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Yunnan Institute of Food Safety, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China; (X.L.); (S.C.); (J.Y.)
- Yunnan Engineering Research Center for Fruit & Vegetable Products, Kunming 650500, China
- Green Food Processing International Science and Technology R & D Center of Kunming City, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Chuanqi Chu
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Yunnan Institute of Food Safety, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China; (X.L.); (S.C.); (J.Y.)
- Yunnan Engineering Research Center for Fruit & Vegetable Products, Kunming 650500, China
- Green Food Processing International Science and Technology R & D Center of Kunming City, Kunming 650500, China
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3
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Li X, Zhu J, Wang T, Sun J, Guo T, Zhang L, Yu G, Xia X. Antidiabetic activity of Armillaria mellea polysaccharides: Joint ultrasonic and enzyme assisted extraction. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2023; 95:106370. [PMID: 36965312 PMCID: PMC10060363 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2023.106370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Armillaria mellea polysaccharides (AMPs) were obtained by ultrasonic assisted extraction (U), enzyme assisted extraction (E) and ultrasonic-enzyme assisted extraction (UE), respectively. The yield of UE-AMPs (6.32 ± 0.14%) was 1.64 times higher than that of U-AMPs (3.86 ± 0.11%) and 1.21 times higher than that of E-AMPs (5.21 ± 0.09%); meanwhile, the highest total sugar content and the lowest protein content were found in UE-AMPs. AMPs obtained from the three extraction methods had the same monosaccharide composition but in different proportions, allowing UE-AMPs to have the most potent antioxidant activity. The antidiabetic activity of UE-AMPs was investigated in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice. UE-AMPs, when given by gavage, greatly prevented weight loss, increased water intake, and considerably decreased blood glucose levels in diabetic mice, which were dose-dependent (P < 0.05). In addition, UE-AMPs also had a positive effect on the reduction of lipid levels in the blood, oxidative damage and liver function impairment. The pathological observation by hematoxylin-eosin staining (HE) revealed that UE-AMPs protected the organs of mice from diabetic complications (liver disease and nephropathy). Hence, our findings demonstrate that UE-AMPs are a suitable choice for improving diabetes and its complications and have great application prospects in the fields of natural medicine and functional food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Li
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Jingshu Zhu
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Tengyu Wang
- School of Grain Engineering, Heilongjiang Communications Polytechnic, Harbin 150025, China
| | - Jiapeng Sun
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Tianhao Guo
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Lijuan Zhang
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Guoping Yu
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Xiufang Xia
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
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4
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Chen J, Li L, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Zheng Q, Lan M, Li B. Structural characteristics and antioxidant and hypoglycemic activities of a heteropolysaccharide from Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bunge. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 236:123843. [PMID: 36858093 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
In this study, an acid polysaccharide (AABP-1B) was extracted from the rhizome of Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bunge and purified using 60 % alcohol precipitation and DEAE-52 cellulose. The molecular weight of AABP-1B was 105 kDa, and it consisted of mannose (Man), rhamnose (Rha), galacturonic acid (GalA), glucose (Glc), galactose (Gal), and arabinose (Ara) in a ratio of 6.3:1.3:1.1:0.2:0.4:0.7. Methylation and NMR analyses revealed that the backbone of AABP-1 consists of 4)-β-D-Manp-(1 and 4)-2-O-acetyl-β-D-Manp-(1. In addition, the biological activity assays showed that AABP-1B not only displays potential antioxidant activity but also exhibits the α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitory effect. Moreover, AABP-1B enhanced glucose consumption and glycogen synthesis in insulin-resistant (IR) HepG2 cells. These results suggest that AABP-1B has potential hypoglycemic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juncheng Chen
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, Engineering Research Center of Starch and Plant Protein Deep Processing, Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; International School of Public Health and One Health, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan 571199, China
| | - Lin Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, Engineering Research Center of Starch and Plant Protein Deep Processing, Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; School of Chemical Engineering and Energy Technology, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Xia Zhang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, Engineering Research Center of Starch and Plant Protein Deep Processing, Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Sports Science, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Qingsong Zheng
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, Engineering Research Center of Starch and Plant Protein Deep Processing, Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Meijuan Lan
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, Engineering Research Center of Starch and Plant Protein Deep Processing, Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Bing Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, Engineering Research Center of Starch and Plant Protein Deep Processing, Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
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5
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Tang P, Tang Y, Liu Y, He B, Shen X, Zhang ZJ, Qin DL, Tian J. Quercetin-3-O-α-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranoside Isolated from Eucommia ulmoides Leaf Relieves Insulin Resistance in HepG2 Cells via the IRS-1/PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β Pathway. Biol Pharm Bull 2023; 46:219-229. [PMID: 36517007 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b22-00597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
For nearly 2000 years, Eucommia ulmoides Oliver (EUO) has been utilized in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) throughout China. Flavonoids present in bark and leaves of EUO are responsible for their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, anti-osteoporosis, hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, antibacterial, and antiviral properties, but the main bioactive compound has not been established yet. In this study, we isolated and identified quercetin glycoside (QAG) from EUO leaves (EUOL) and preliminarily explored its molecular mechanism in improving insulin resistance (IR). The results showed that QAG increased uptake of glucose as well as glycogen production in the palmitic acid (PA)-induced HepG2 cells in a dose-dependent way. Further, we observed that QAG increases glucose transporters 2 and 4 (GLUT2 and GLUT4) expression and suppresses the phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-1 at serine612, thus promoting the expression of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) at tyrosine458 and tyrosine199, as well as protein kinase B (Akt) and glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3β at serine473 and serine9, respectively. The influence posed by QAG on the improvement of uptake of glucose was significantly inhibited by LY294002, a PI3K inhibitor. In addition, the molecular docking result showed that QAG could bind to insulin receptors. In summary, our data established that QAG improved IR as demonstrated by the increased uptake of glucose and glycogen production through a signaling pathway called IRS-1/PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Tang
- Clinical Medical College & Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University.,School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University
| | - Yong Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology.,Sichuan Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Bioactivity Screening in Traditional Chinese Medicine and Druggability Evalution, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University
| | - Yan Liu
- Drug Discovery Research Center of Southwest Medical University
| | - Bing He
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University
| | - Xin Shen
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Bioactivity Screening in Traditional Chinese Medicine and Druggability Evalution, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University.,Department of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | | | - Da-Lian Qin
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University.,Sichuan Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Bioactivity Screening in Traditional Chinese Medicine and Druggability Evalution, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University
| | - Ji Tian
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University
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6
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Arunachalam K, Sreeja PS, Yang X. The Antioxidant Properties of Mushroom Polysaccharides can Potentially Mitigate Oxidative Stress, Beta-Cell Dysfunction and Insulin Resistance. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:874474. [PMID: 35600869 PMCID: PMC9117613 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.874474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a prevalent metabolic and endocrine illness affecting people all over the world and is of serious health and financial concern. Antidiabetic medicine delivered through pharmacotherapy, including synthetic antidiabetic drugs, are known to have several negative effects. Fortunately, several natural polysaccharides have antidiabetic properties, and the use of these polysaccharides as adjuncts to conventional therapy is becoming more common, particularly in underdeveloped nations. Oxidative stress has a critical role in the development of diabetes mellitus (DM). The review of current literature presented here focusses, therefore, on the antioxidant properties of mushroom polysaccharides used in the management of diabetic complications, and discusses whether these antioxidant properties contribute to the deactivation of the oxidative stress-related signalling pathways, and to the amelioration of β-cell dysfunction and insulin resistance. In this study, we conducted a systematic review of the relevant information concerning the antioxidant and antidiabetic effects of mushrooms from electronic databases, such as PubMed, Scopus or Google Scholar, for the period 1994 to 2021. In total, 104 different polysaccharides from mushrooms have been found to have antidiabetic effects. Most of the literature on mushroom polysaccharides has demonstrated the beneficial effects of these polysaccharides on reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) levels. This review discuss the effects of these polysaccharides on hyperglycemia and other alternative antioxidant therapies for diabetic complications through their applications and limits, in order to gain a better understanding of how they can be used to treat DM. Preclinical and phytochemical investigations have found that most of the active polysaccharides extracted from mushrooms have antioxidant activity, reducing oxidative stress and preventing the development of DM. Further research is necessary to confirm whether mushroom polysaccharides can effectively alleviate hyperglycemia, and the mechanisms by which they do this, and to investigate whether these polysaccharides might be utilized as a complementary therapy for the prevention and management of DM in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karuppusamy Arunachalam
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology and the Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | | | - Xuefei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology and the Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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7
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Ma X, Duan D, Chen X, Feng X, Ma Y. A polysaccharide-based bioflocculant BP50-2 from banana peel waste: Purification, structure and flocculation performance. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 205:604-614. [PMID: 35217082 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.02.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the purification and characterization of a polysaccharide-based bioflocculant BP50-2 of banana peel waste were investigated. BP50-2 was purified and identified through HPLC, XPS, TG, SEM, AFM, etc. The results showed that BP50-2 was a heteropolysaccharide composed of Mannose, Rhamnose, Glucuronic acid, Galacturonic acid, Glucose, Galactose, and Fucose at a molar ratio of 8.97:5.36:1.92:1.00:32.52:8.30:2.64, respectively. The MW of BP50-2 was 1.47 × 10 3 KDa. BP50-2 had high pH stability that maintained flocculation activity on kaolin suspension for a pH range from 3 to 11, and high-temperature stability ranged from room temperature to 90 °C. BP50-2 was non-sensitive to cation and affected by HCl, EDTA, little affected by urea, which showed that the BP50-2 was non-cation dependent and its main binding mode with kaolin was ionic bond and contained a small amount of hydrogen bond. And flocculation mechanisms were discussed, which indicated that adsorption bridging was the main mechanism of the flocculation process of BP50-2-Kaolin or BP50-2-Mg2+-Kaolin. Moreover, BP50-2 had decolorization activity on RhB and removal activity of heavy metal ion, of which removal rate of Pb2+ was the highest. In brief, BP50-2 showed good performance on the removal of pigment, adsorption of heavy metals, and flocculation of particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Ma
- The Institute of Seawater Desalination and Multi-Purpose Utilization, Ministry of Natural Resources of the People's Republic of China (MNR), Tianjin 300192, China.
| | - Duomo Duan
- Tianjin Rehabilitation Center, The PLA Joint Logistic Support Force, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Xi Chen
- The Institute of Seawater Desalination and Multi-Purpose Utilization, Ministry of Natural Resources of the People's Republic of China (MNR), Tianjin 300192, China; Tianjin HaiYue Water Treatment Hi-Tech Co., LTD., Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Xuemin Feng
- The Institute of Seawater Desalination and Multi-Purpose Utilization, Ministry of Natural Resources of the People's Republic of China (MNR), Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Yuhui Ma
- The Institute of Seawater Desalination and Multi-Purpose Utilization, Ministry of Natural Resources of the People's Republic of China (MNR), Tianjin 300192, China
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8
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Chen J, Wan L, Zheng Q, Lan M, Zhang X, Li Y, Li B, Li L. Structural characterization and in vitro hypoglycaemic activity of glucomannan from Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bunge. Food Funct 2022; 13:1797-1807. [PMID: 35083996 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo03010h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A new polysaccharide (AABP-2B) was obtained from Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bunge after purification by gradient alcohol precipitation and DEAE-52 cellulose column chromatography. AABP-2B was confirmed to be a homogeneous polysaccharide with a molecular weight of 5800 Da and was composed of mannose and glucose at a molar ratio of 7.2 : 2.8. Structural analysis demonstrated that the backbone of AABP-2B was mainly composed of 4)-β-D-Manp-(1, 4,6)-β-D-Glcp-(1 and 3,6)-β-D-Manp-(1. The hypoglycaemic effect of AABP-2B was evaluated by its inhibition of α-glucosidase activities and insulin resistance in a HepG2 cell model. The results showed that AABP-2B displayed α-glucosidase inhibitory activities and could significantly improve glucose consumption by activating the IRS-1/PI3K/Akt signalling pathway in insulin-resistant HepG2 cells. Hence, AABP-2B may have potential as a functional food or medicine for diabetes therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juncheng Chen
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, Engineering Research Center of Starch and Plant Protein Deep Processing, Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China. .,International School of Public Health and One Health, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan 571199, China.
| | - Liting Wan
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, Engineering Research Center of Starch and Plant Protein Deep Processing, Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
| | - Qingsong Zheng
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, Engineering Research Center of Starch and Plant Protein Deep Processing, Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
| | - Meijuan Lan
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, Engineering Research Center of Starch and Plant Protein Deep Processing, Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
| | - Xia Zhang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, Engineering Research Center of Starch and Plant Protein Deep Processing, Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
| | - Yuting Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Energy Technology, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Bing Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, Engineering Research Center of Starch and Plant Protein Deep Processing, Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
| | - Lin Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, Engineering Research Center of Starch and Plant Protein Deep Processing, Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China. .,School of Chemical Engineering and Energy Technology, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, 523808, China
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9
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Zhang J, Liu D, Wen C, Liu J, Xu X, Liu G, Kan J, Qian C, Jin C. New light on Grifola frondosa polysaccharides as biological response modifiers. Trends Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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10
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Oral administration of Grifola frondosa affect lipid metabolism and insulin signaling pathway on BKS. Cg-+Leprdb/+Leprdb/OlaHsd mouse. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL REPRODUCTION AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.12750/jarb.36.4.203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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11
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Liu ZH, Li B. (-)-Epicatechin and β-glucan from highland barley grain modulated glucose metabolism and showed synergistic effect via Akt pathway. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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12
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Chun S, Gopal J, Muthu M. Antioxidant Activity of Mushroom Extracts/Polysaccharides-Their Antiviral Properties and Plausible AntiCOVID-19 Properties. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:1899. [PMID: 34943001 PMCID: PMC8750169 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10121899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mushrooms have been long accomplished for their medicinal properties and bioactivity. The ancients benefitted from it, even before they knew that there was more to mushrooms than just the culinary aspect. This review addresses the benefits of mushrooms and specifically dwells on the positive attributes of mushroom polysaccharides. Compared to mushroom research, mushroom polysaccharide-based reports were observed to be significantly less frequent. This review highlights the antioxidant properties and mechanisms as well as consolidates the various antioxidant applications of mushroom polysaccharides. The biological activities of mushroom polysaccharides are also briefly discussed. The antiviral properties of mushrooms and their polysaccharides have been reviewed and presented. The lacunae in implementation of the antiviral benefits into antiCOVID-19 pursuits has been highlighted. The need for expansion and extrapolation of the knowns of mushrooms to extend into the unknown is emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Manikandan Muthu
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea; (S.C.); (J.G.)
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Xu N, Zhou Y, Lu X, Chang Y. Auricularia auricula-judae (Bull.) polysaccharides improve type 2 diabetes in HFD/STZ-induced mice by regulating the AKT/AMPK signaling pathways and the gut microbiota. J Food Sci 2021; 86:5479-5494. [PMID: 34787328 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.15963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Auricularia auricula-judae is an edible fungus with high nutritional value due to abundant polysaccharides, and is acknowledged as traditional food and medicine in Asia. Polysaccharides from A. auricula (AAPs) are typically fungal polysaccharides and have a wide range of biological activities. It has been shown the potential of AAPs to improve diabetes as an effective adjuvant, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we explored the effects and potential mechanism of AAPs on type 2 diabetes (T2D) using a high-fat diet and streptozotocin (STZ) induced C57BL/6J mice. The results indicated that 50 and 100 mg/kg AAPs significantly decreased inflammation, liver injury, and insulin resistance. In addition, AAPs improved glycolipid metabolism disorders by activating the AKT and adenosine 5`monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathways in T2D mice. Furthermore, we investigated the association between changes of gut microbiota and AAPs effects using high-throughput sequencing of 16S rDNA for fecal samples. In our study, AAPs elevated gut microbiota diversity and optimized microbial composition and function in T2D mice, characterized by increased Lactobacillus and Bacteroides abundance and decreased Clostridium and Allobaculum abundance. Particularly, AAPs intervention mainly affected the amino acid metabolism and glycolipid metabolism pathways. Overall, this study confirms that AAPs can improve type 2 diabetes by regulating the AKT and AMPK pathways and modulating intestinal microbiota. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: The article systematically verified the positive effects of AAPs on insulin resistance, glycolipid metabolism disorder, inflammation, and liver injury, key factors closely related to T2D. Furthermore, our study firstly determined the specific underlying mechanism that AAPs ameliorates T2D through regulating AKT/AMPK pathways and modifying the gut microbiota. These results could offer a full explanation and a potential option for the adjuvant therapy of diabetes with AAPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuo Xu
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Bioengineering, East China University of Science and Technology, No. 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, Xuhui District, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Yingjun Zhou
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Bioengineering, East China University of Science and Technology, No. 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, Xuhui District, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Xinyang Lu
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Bioengineering, East China University of Science and Technology, No. 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, Xuhui District, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Yaning Chang
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Bioengineering, East China University of Science and Technology, No. 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, Xuhui District, 200237, P. R. China
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Mirzadeh M, Keshavarz Lelekami A, Khedmat L. Plant/algal polysaccharides extracted by microwave: A review on hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, prebiotic, and immune-stimulatory effect. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 266:118134. [PMID: 34044950 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) is an emerging technology to obtain polysaccharides with an extensive spectrum of biological characteristics. In this study, the hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, prebiotic, and immunomodulatory (e.g., antiinflammatory, anticoagulant, and phagocytic) effects of algal- and plant-derived polysaccharides rich in glucose, galactose, and mannose using MAE were comprehensively discussed. The in vitro and in vivo results showed that these bioactive macromolecules with the low digestibility rate could effectively alleviate the fatty acid-induced lipotoxicity, acute hemolysis, and dyslipidemia status. The optimally extracted glucomannan- and glucogalactan-containing polysaccharides revealed significant antidiabetic effects through inhibiting α-amylase and α-glucosidase, improving dynamic insulin sensitivity and secretion, and promoting pancreatic β-cell proliferation. These bioactive macromolecules as prebiotics not only improve the digestibility in gastrointestinal tract but also reduce the survival rate of pathogens and tumor cells by activating macrophages and producing pro-inflammatory biomarkers and cytokines. They can effectively prevent gastrointestinal disorders and microbial infections without any toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monirsadat Mirzadeh
- Metabolic Disease Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Ali Keshavarz Lelekami
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Khedmat
- Health Management Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Fu CY, Ren L, Liu WJ, Sui Y, Nong QN, Xiao QH, Li XQ, Cao W. Structural characteristics of a hypoglycemic polysaccharide from Fructus Corni. Carbohydr Res 2021; 506:108358. [PMID: 34111687 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2021.108358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
PFC-3 is a homogeneous polysaccharide extracted from the dried pulps of Fructus Corni with a molecular weight of 40.3 kDa. The crude polysaccharide was obtained and further purified by DEAE-Sephadex A-25 and Sephadex G-100 columns to investigate its structure and glycemic effect. The monosaccharides in the PFC-3, determined by high-performance liquid chromatography, consisted of glucose (Glc), xylose (Xyl), and galactose (Gal) with a mass molar ratio of 2.35:12.49:1.00. The methylation analysis combined with 1D (1H and 13C), and 2D NMR (1H-1H COSY, HSQC, and HMBC) further demonstrated that PFC-3 was mainly composed of 1,3-α-D-Xylp, 1,6-α-D-Galp, 1,2-α-D-Glcp, and T-α-D-Galp, and contained a backbone fragment of →6)-α-D-Galp-(1 → 2)-α-D-Glcp-(1 → 3)-α-D-Xylp-(1 → . The hypoglycemic effect of PFC-3 in vitro was evaluated by glucose uptake and consumption assays, and the results showed that PFC-3 concentration-dependently enhanced glucose uptake and significantly improved glucose consumption in insulin-resistant HepG2 cells. Furthermore, PFC-3 significantly reduced fasting blood glucose level, glycosylated hemoglobin level, amylase activity, ameliorate lipid metabolism, and hepatic lesions in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Our research provided insights into the hypoglycemic activities of PFC-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Yang Fu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Li Ren
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Wen-Juan Liu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Yi Sui
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Qiu-Na Nong
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Qian-Han Xiao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Xiao-Qiang Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wei Cao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China; Department of Pharmacology and Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
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16
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Xiao C, Jiao C, Xie Y, Ye L, Li Q, Wu Q. Grifola frondosa GF5000 improves insulin resistance by modulation the composition of gut microbiota in diabetic rats. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.104313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
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Aramabašić Jovanović J, Mihailović M, Uskoković A, Grdović N, Dinić S, Vidaković M. The Effects of Major Mushroom Bioactive Compounds on Mechanisms That Control Blood Glucose Level. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:58. [PMID: 33467194 PMCID: PMC7830770 DOI: 10.3390/jof7010058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a life-threatening multifactorial metabolic disorder characterized by high level of glucose in the blood. Diabetes and its chronic complications have a significant impact on human life, health systems, and countries' economies. Currently, there are many commercial hypoglycemic drugs that are effective in controlling hyperglycemia but with several serious side-effects and without a sufficient capacity to significantly alter the course of diabetic complications. Over many centuries mushrooms and their bioactive compounds have been used in the treatment of diabetes mellitus, especially polysaccharides and terpenoids derived from various mushroom species. This review summarizes the effects of these main mushroom secondary metabolites on diabetes and underlying molecular mechanisms responsible for lowering blood glucose. In vivo and in vitro data revealed that treatment with mushroom polysaccharides displayed an anti-hyperglycemic effect by inhibiting glucose absorption efficacy, enhancing pancreatic β-cell mass, and increasing insulin-signaling pathways. Mushroom terpenoids act as inhibitors of α-glucosidase and as insulin sensitizers through activation of PPARγ in order to reduce hyperglycemia in animal models of diabetes. In conclusion, mushroom polysaccharides and terpenoids can effectively ameliorate hyperglycemia by various mechanisms and can be used as supportive candidates for prevention and control of diabetes in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Aramabašić Jovanović
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.M.); (A.U.); (N.G.); (S.D.); (M.V.)
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Veratrilla baillonii Franch exerts anti-diabetic activity and improves liver injury through IRS/PI3K/AKT signaling pathways in type 2 diabetic db/db mice. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.104204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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19
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Li R, Tao A, Yang R, Fan M, Zhang X, Du Z, Shang F, Xia C, Duan B. Structural characterization, hypoglycemic effects and antidiabetic mechanism of a novel polysaccharides from Polygonatum kingianum Coll. et Hemsl. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 131:110687. [PMID: 33152904 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The rhizome of Polygonatum kingianum has been used as a traditional medicine in China. In this study, a novel polysaccharides (PKPs-1) was isolated from P. kingianum and characterized by its molecular weight, primary structure. The hypoglycemic activity of PKPs-1was investigated by in vitro assay with the HepG2 cell line and in vivo test using STZ-induced diabetic mice. Results showed that the average molecular weight of PKPs-1 was 14.05 kDa and is composed mainly of glucose and mannose. Methylation analysis indicated that this polysaccharides fraction consisted mainly of β1,2-link glucose. Besides, PKPs-1 exhibited significant anti-hyperglycemic activity on STZ-induced mice, improved insulin tolerance, and affected the metabolism of serum lipids. Results of real-time quantitative PCR (RT-PCR) showed that PKPs-1 significantly increased the expression of insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1), phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and protein kinase B (AKT), indicating that PKPs-1 regulates glucose metabolism by activating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. This study provides new insights for investigating the hypoglycemic effects of PKPs-1 and suggests that PKPs-1 could be a promising functional food or medicine for treating T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoshi Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Dali University, Dali, 671000, China; Key Laboratory of Yunnan Provincial Higher Education Institutions for Development of Yunnan Daodi Medicinal Materials Resources, Dali, 671000, China
| | - Aien Tao
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Dali University, Dali, 671000, China; Key Laboratory of Yunnan Provincial Higher Education Institutions for Development of Yunnan Daodi Medicinal Materials Resources, Dali, 671000, China
| | - Runmei Yang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Min Fan
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Dali University, Dali, 671000, China; Key Laboratory of Yunnan Provincial Higher Education Institutions for Development of Yunnan Daodi Medicinal Materials Resources, Dali, 671000, China
| | - Xiaocan Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Dali University, Dali, 671000, China; Key Laboratory of Yunnan Provincial Higher Education Institutions for Development of Yunnan Daodi Medicinal Materials Resources, Dali, 671000, China
| | - Zefei Du
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Dali University, Dali, 671000, China; Key Laboratory of Yunnan Provincial Higher Education Institutions for Development of Yunnan Daodi Medicinal Materials Resources, Dali, 671000, China
| | - Feineng Shang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Dali University, Dali, 671000, China
| | - Conglong Xia
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Dali University, Dali, 671000, China; Key Laboratory of Yunnan Provincial Higher Education Institutions for Development of Yunnan Daodi Medicinal Materials Resources, Dali, 671000, China
| | - Baozhong Duan
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Dali University, Dali, 671000, China; Key Laboratory of Yunnan Provincial Higher Education Institutions for Development of Yunnan Daodi Medicinal Materials Resources, Dali, 671000, China.
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20
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Zhang G, Cai X, He L, Qin D, Li H, Fan X. Skimmin Improves Insulin Resistance via Regulating the Metabolism of Glucose: In Vitro and In Vivo Models. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:540. [PMID: 32425786 PMCID: PMC7207098 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Skimmin is the major pharmacologically active component present in Hydrangea paniculata, in the traditional Chinese medicine as an anti-inflammatory agent, and its anti-inflammation and anti-diabetic effect has had been studied in previous studies. The metabolism of glucose plays an important role in the pathophysiology of diabetes. Therefore, it was identified as an important target for improving diabetic. Herein, we found that skimmin relieved the palmitic acid and high-fat and high sugar-induced insulin resistance. Furthermore, skimmin enhanced the glucose uptake via inhibiting reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reducing the level of inflammatory correlation factor. Meanwhile, skimmin reduced the glucose output by promoting PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and down-regulating the expression of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK3β) and glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase). In conclusion, skimmin can improve the insulin resistance by increasing glucose uptake and decreasing glucose output in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqiang Zhang
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, China.,Department of Human Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Xin Cai
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, China
| | - Lingmin He
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, China
| | - Dingmei Qin
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Hongwen Li
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Xiaoming Fan
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
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21
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Xu F, Na L, Li Y, Chen L. Roles of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling pathways in neurodegenerative diseases and tumours. Cell Biosci 2020; 10:54. [PMID: 32266056 PMCID: PMC7110906 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-020-00416-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 359] [Impact Index Per Article: 89.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The PI3 K/AKT/mTOR signalling pathway plays an important role in the regulation of signal transduction and biological processes such as cell proliferation, apoptosis, metabolism and angiogenesis. Compared with those of other signalling pathways, the components of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling pathway are complicated. The regulatory mechanisms and biological functions of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling pathway are important in many human diseases, including ischaemic brain injury, neurodegenerative diseases, and tumours. PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling pathway inhibitors include single-component and dual inhibitors. Numerous PI3K inhibitors have exhibited good results in preclinical studies, and some have been clinically tested in haematologic malignancies and solid tumours. In this review, we briefly summarize the results of research on the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and discuss the structural composition, activation, communication processes, regulatory mechanisms and biological functions of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling pathway in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases and tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Xu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, 279 Zhouzhu Rd, Shanghai, 201318 China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318 China
| | - Lixin Na
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318 China
- Department of Inspection and Quarantine, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318 China
| | - Yanfei Li
- Department of Inspection and Quarantine, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318 China
| | - Linjun Chen
- Department of Inspection and Quarantine, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318 China
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Guo WL, Chen M, Pan WL, Zhang Q, Xu JX, Lin YC, Li L, Liu B, Bai WD, Zhang YY, Ni L, Rao PF, Lv XC. Hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic mechanism of organic chromium derived from chelation of Grifola frondosa polysaccharide-chromium (III) and its modulation of intestinal microflora in high fat-diet and STZ-induced diabetic mice. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 145:1208-1218. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.09.206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Wang L, Li C, Huang Q, Fu X. Polysaccharide from Rosa roxburghii Tratt Fruit Attenuates Hyperglycemia and Hyperlipidemia and Regulates Colon Microbiota in Diabetic db/db Mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:147-159. [PMID: 31826616 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b06247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study was aimed at investigating the hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of a polysaccharide (RTFP) isolated from Rosa roxburghii Tratt fruit on type-2 diabetic db/db mice. The results indicated that the oral administration of RTFP could significantly decrease the body weight, fat, and liver hypertrophy and the levels of fasting blood glucose, serum insulin, and serum lipids of the db/db mice. Histopathological observation showed that RTFP could effectively protect the pancreas, liver, and epididymal fat against damage and dysfunction. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis confirmed that the gene expression levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors-γ (PPAR-γ), sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1 (SREBP-1c), acetyl-CoA carboxylase-1 (ACC-1), fatty acid synthase (FAS), and glucose-6-phosphatase (G6 Pase) were significantly down-regulated in the liver of db/db mice after treatment with RTFP. Moreover, RTFP treatment reversed gut dysbiosis by lowering the Firmicutes-to-Bacteroidetes ratio and enhancing the relative abundances of beneficial bacteria including Bacteroidaceae, Bacteroidaceae S24-7 group, and Lactobacillaceae. These findings suggest that RTFP can be used as a promising functional supplement for the prevention and treatment of type-2 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- College of Grain, Oil and Food Science , Henan University of Technology , Zhengzhou 45001 , Henan , China
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, National Joint Research Center of Tropical Health Foods , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , China
| | - Chao Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, National Joint Research Center of Tropical Health Foods , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , China
- Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Food Nutrition and Human Health (111 Center) , Guangzhou 510640 , China
| | - Qiang Huang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, National Joint Research Center of Tropical Health Foods , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , China
- Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Food Nutrition and Human Health (111 Center) , Guangzhou 510640 , China
| | - Xiong Fu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, National Joint Research Center of Tropical Health Foods , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , China
- Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Food Nutrition and Human Health (111 Center) , Guangzhou 510640 , China
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Meng M, Guo M, Feng C, Wang R, Cheng D, Wang C. Water-soluble polysaccharides from Grifola Frondosa fruiting bodies protect against immunosuppression in cyclophosphamide-induced mice via JAK2/STAT3/SOCS signal transduction pathways. Food Funct 2019; 10:4998-5007. [PMID: 31355400 DOI: 10.1039/c8fo02062k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Grifola Frondosa, the king of mushrooms, is one of the most valued traditional medicines and has been used as a health food for a long time in China, Japan, and other Asian countries. The present study was designed to evaluate the immune-modulating effects of water-soluble polysaccharides from the Grifola Frondosa fruiting body (GFP) by using mouse peritoneal macrophage and cytoxan (CTX) induced immunosuppression models. Compared with CTX-induced immunosuppressive mice, the spleen and thymus indexes in mice with GFP orally administrated were significantly increased, body weight loss was alleviated, and the natural killer (NK) cytotoxicity and the proliferative activities of lymphocytes were elevated. Furthermore, levels of interleukin-2 (IL-2), interferon-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were notably reduced by CTX, while GFP abolished these effects. GFP also effectively increased total antioxidant capacity and superoxidase dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities, and inhibited an increase in the malondialdehyde level. Histopathological analysis of spleens revealed the protective effect of GFP against CTX-induced immunosuppression. Western blotting results showed that GFP possessed immunomodulatory activity by up-regulating transcription factors (p-JAK2/JAK2, p-STAT3/STAT3 and SOCS3) in JAK2/STAT3/SOCS signaling pathways. This study suggested that GFP may provide an alternative strategy for lessening chemotherapy-induced immunosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China.
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Anti-Diabetic Effects and Mechanisms of Dietary Polysaccharides. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24142556. [PMID: 31337059 PMCID: PMC6680889 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24142556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a multifactorial, heterogeneous metabolic disorder, causing various health complications and economic issues, which apparently impacts the human's life. Currently, commercial diabetic drugs are clinically managed for diabetic treatment that has definite side effects. Dietary polysaccharides mainly derive from natural sources, including medicinal plants, grains, fruits, vegetables, edible mushroom, and medicinal foods, and possess anti-diabetic potential. Hence, this review summarizes the effects of dietary polysaccharides on diabetes and underlying molecular mechanisms related to inflammatory factors, oxidative stress, and diabetes in various animal models. The analysis of literature and appropriate data on anti-diabetic polysaccharide from electronic databases was conducted. In vivo and in vitro trials have revealed that treatment of these polysaccharides has hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects, which enhance pancreatic β-cell mass and alleviates β-cell dysfunction. It enhances insulin signaling pathways through insulin receptors and activates the PI3K/Akt pathway, and eventually modulates ERK/JNK/MAPK pathway. In conclusion, dietary polysaccharides can effectively ameliorate hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, low-grade inflammation, and oxidative stress in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and, thus, consumption of polysaccharides can be a valuable choice for diabetic control.
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Yang D, Zhou Z, Zhang L. An overview of fungal glycan-based therapeutics. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2019; 163:135-163. [PMID: 31030746 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Edible medicinal mushrooms have been traditionally used for health promotion and longevity in China and other East Asian countries for centuries. Structural and pharmacological studies revealed that fungal glycans show multiple physiological and healthy promoting effects including immunomodulation, anti-tumor, anti-aging, anti-oxidation, hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, anti-radiation, and other effects. Fungal glycans isolated from different kinds of medicinal mushrooms are partially purified and clinically tested. Without serious safety concerns of mostly glycans from edible mushrooms and/or the cultured mycelium, eight of them are approved by Chinese Food and Drug Administration (SFDA) and used clinically in China since 1980s. In this chapter, 185 independent studies involving in biochemical, pharmacological and clinical studies of fungal glycans during the past four decades (1977-2019) from PubMed, CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure) and Wanfang databases are summarized. In future, understanding the fungal glycan-based drugs at molecular biological level would be needed to comprehend the clinical efficacy of glycan-based drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Yang
- Systems Biology and Medicine Center for Complex Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Zijing Zhou
- Systems Biology and Medicine Center for Complex Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China; School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Lijuan Zhang
- Systems Biology and Medicine Center for Complex Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
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The biological activities of the antitumor drug Grifola frondosa polysaccharide. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2019; 163:221-261. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2019.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Zheng Y, Bai L, Zhou Y, Tong R, Zeng M, Li X, Shi J. Polysaccharides from Chinese herbal medicine for anti-diabetes recent advances. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 121:1240-1253. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.10.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Fan X, Tao J, Zhou Y, Hou Y, Wang Y, Gu D, Su Y, Jang Y, Li S. Investigations on the effects of ginsenoside-Rg1 on glucose uptake and metabolism in insulin resistant HepG2 cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 843:277-284. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Anticancer and other therapeutic relevance of mushroom polysaccharides: A holistic appraisal. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 105:377-394. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.05.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 05/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Hypoglycemic mechanism of a novel proteoglycan, extracted from Ganoderma lucidum , in hepatocytes. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 820:77-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Huang CN, Wang CJ, Lin CL, Lin HT, Peng CH. The nutraceutical benefits of subfractions of Abelmoschus esculentus in treating type 2 diabetes mellitus. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0189065. [PMID: 29216237 PMCID: PMC5720626 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Abelmoschus esculentus (AE), a commonly consumed vegetable, is well-known for its anti-hyperglycemic effects. However, few scientific reports have identified its targets because mucilage increases the difficulty of manipulation. We recently reported extraction steps to obtain subfractions of AE, which were found to attenuate the adverse effects of high glucose and fatty acid in vitro. In this study, we used modified extraction steps and type 2 diabetic rats to explore whether AE subfractions can improve the metabolic disturbances caused by insulin resistance in vivo. AE subfractions (F1, F2, and FR) were prepared. The type 2 diabetes model was induced by feeding male Sprague-Dawley rats with a high-fat diet and injecting them with 35 mg/kgbw streptozotocin when their body weight reached 475 ± 15 g. After a hyperglycemic status had been confirmed, the rats were tube-fed with or without different doses of AE subfractions. Serum glucose, lipid markers, insulin, HbA1c and HOMA-IR were measured in the following 12 weeks. Serum glucose promptly increased and insulin resistance was noted in the diabetic rats (glucose: 360–500 mg/dl, HOMA-IR 9.8–13.8). F2, rich in polysaccharides and carbohydrates, was most effective in attenuating hyperglycemia and insulin resistance (glucose: 200 mg/dl; HOMA-IR: 5.3) and especially HbA1C (from 8.0% to 6.5%). All of the AE subfractions lowered the level of triglycerides and free fatty acid, but not the level of total cholesterol. FR significantly increased the high-density lipoprotein/low-density lipoprotein ratio, indicating its benefits for lipoprotein profiles. While F2 and FR were associated with weight gain, F1 possessed an anti-obese effect. In conclusion, whether it is consumed as a vegetable or as a nutraceutical, AE has the potential to be an adjuvant therapy for diabetes. AE subfractions could be developed individually and deserve further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Ning Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Institute of Medicine, Chung-Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chau-Jong Wang
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung-Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Li Lin
- Institute of Medicine, Chung-Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ting Lin
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung-Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chiung-Huei Peng
- Division of Basic Medical Science, Hungkuang University, Shalu District, Taichung City, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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Ma X, Xie B, Du J, Zhang A, Hao J, Wang S, Wang J, Cao G. The Anti-Inflammatory Effect and Structure of EPCP1-2 from Crypthecodinium cohnii via Modulation of TLR4-NF-κB Pathways in LPS-Induced RAW 264.7 Cells. Mar Drugs 2017; 15:E376. [PMID: 29194423 PMCID: PMC5742836 DOI: 10.3390/md15120376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Exopolysaccharide from Crypthecodinium cohnii (EPCP1-2) is a marine exopolysaccharide that evidences a variety of biological activities. We isolated a neutral polysaccharide from the fermentation liquid of Crypthecodinium cohnii (CP). In this study, a polysaccharide that is derived from Crypthecodinium cohnii were analyzed and its anti-inflammatory effect was evaluated on protein expression of toll-like receptor 4 and nuclear factor κB pathways in macrophages. The structural characteristics of EPCP1-2 were characterized by GC (gas chromatography) and GC-MS (gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer) analyses. The molecular weight was about 82.5 kDa. The main chain of EPCP1-2 consisted of (1→6)-linked mannopyranosyl, (1→6)-linked glucopyranosyl, branched-chain consisted of (1→3,6)-linked galactopyranosyl and terminal consisted of t-l-Rhapyranosyl. The in vitro anti-inflammatory activity was representated through assay of proliferation rate, pro-inflammatory factor (NO) and expressions of proteins on RAW 264.7, the macrophage cell line. The results revealed that EPCP1-2 exhibited significant anti-inflammatory activity by regulating the expression of toll-like receptor 4, mitogen-activated protein kinases, and Nuclear Factor-κB protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Ma
- The Institute of Seawater Desalination and Multipurpose Utilization, SOA, Tianjin 300192, China.
| | - Baolong Xie
- The Institute of Seawater Desalination and Multipurpose Utilization, SOA, Tianjin 300192, China.
| | - Jin Du
- The Institute of Seawater Desalination and Multipurpose Utilization, SOA, Tianjin 300192, China.
| | - Aijun Zhang
- The Institute of Seawater Desalination and Multipurpose Utilization, SOA, Tianjin 300192, China.
| | - Jianan Hao
- The Institute of Seawater Desalination and Multipurpose Utilization, SOA, Tianjin 300192, China.
| | - Shuxun Wang
- The Institute of Seawater Desalination and Multipurpose Utilization, SOA, Tianjin 300192, China.
| | - Jing Wang
- The Institute of Seawater Desalination and Multipurpose Utilization, SOA, Tianjin 300192, China.
| | - Guorui Cao
- The Institute of Seawater Desalination and Multipurpose Utilization, SOA, Tianjin 300192, China.
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He X, Wang X, Fang J, Chang Y, Ning N, Guo H, Huang L, Huang X, Zhao Z. Polysaccharides in Grifola frondosa mushroom and their health promoting properties: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 101:910-921. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.03.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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35
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Liu X, Hao J, He X, Wang S, Cao S, Qin L, Mao W. A rhamnan-type sulfated polysaccharide with novel structure from Monostroma angicava Kjellm (Chlorophyta) and its bioactivity. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 173:732-748. [PMID: 28732920 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Revised: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A homogeneous polysaccharide was obtained from Monostroma angicava Kjellm by water extraction, preparative anion-exchange and size-exclusion chromatography. Results of chemical and spectroscopic analyses showed that the polysaccharide was a glucuronic acid-containing rhamnan-type sulfated polysaccharide. The backbone mainly consisted of →3)-α-l-Rhap-(1→ and →2)-α-l-Rhap-(1→ residues, partially sulfated at C-2 of →3)-α-l-Rhap-(1→ and C-3/C-4 of →2)-α-l-Rhap-(1→. The branching contained unsulfated or monosulfated 3-linked, 2-linked, 4-linked α-l-rhamnose and terminal β-d-glucuronic acid residues. The polysaccharide had strong antidiabetic activity assessed by glucose consumption, total cholesterol and triglyceride levels using human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) and insulin-resistant HepG2 cells. The polysaccharide exhibited high anticoagulant property by activated partial thromboplastin time and thrombin time assays, and possessed high fibrin(ogen)olytic activity evaluated by plasminogen activator inhibitior-1, fibrin(ogen) degradation products and D-dimer levels using rats plasma. The investigation demonstrated that the polysaccharide from Monostroma angicava Kjellm was a novel sulfated rhamnan and could be a potential antidiabetic and anticoagulant polysaccharide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Jiejie Hao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Xiaoxi He
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Shuyao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Sujian Cao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Ling Qin
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Wenjun Mao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China.
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Ren B, Chen C, Li C, Fu X, You L, Liu RH. Optimization of microwave-assisted extraction of Sargassum thunbergii polysaccharides and its antioxidant and hypoglycemic activities. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 173:192-201. [PMID: 28732858 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.05.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 04/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In the present work, optimization of microwave-assisted extraction of polysaccharides from Sargassum thunbergii was investigated. The physicochemical properties, structural characteristics, and in vitro antioxidant and hypoglycemic activities were determined. The optimal extraction conditions with a yield of 2.84±0.09% for extraction of polysaccharides (STP-1) were extraction time 23min, microwave power 547W, extraction temperature 80°C, and the ratio of raw material to water 1:27g/mL. STP-1 contained 32.7% of total carbohydrate, 1.86% of protein, and 15.2% of sulfates. STP-1 had a major molecular weight of 190.4kDa, and comprised of arabinose, galactose, glucose, xylose, mannose, galacturonic acid, and glucuronic acid with molar percentages of 1.94, 30.7, 4.54, 23.2, 17.6, 8.11, and 13.9%, respectively. In addition, STP-1 showed strong antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities, and could improve the glucose uptake in insulin-resistant HepG2 cells, suggesting that STP-1 can be exploited as a promising natural antioxidant and hypoglycemic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Ren
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381Wushan Road, Guangzhou, 510640, PR China
| | - Chun Chen
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381Wushan Road, Guangzhou, 510640, PR China
| | - Chao Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381Wushan Road, Guangzhou, 510640, PR China.
| | - Xiong Fu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381Wushan Road, Guangzhou, 510640, PR China.
| | - Lijun You
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381Wushan Road, Guangzhou, 510640, PR China
| | - Rui Hai Liu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381Wushan Road, Guangzhou, 510640, PR China; Department of Food Science, Stocking Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
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37
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Li W, Yuan G, Pan Y, Wang C, Chen H. Network Pharmacology Studies on the Bioactive Compounds and Action Mechanisms of Natural Products for the Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus: A Review. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:74. [PMID: 28280467 PMCID: PMC5322182 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a kind of chronic and metabolic disease, which can cause a number of diseases and severe complications. Network pharmacology approach is introduced to study DM, which can combine the drugs, target proteins and disease and form drug-target-disease networks. Network pharmacology has been widely used in the studies of the bioactive compounds and action mechanisms of natural products for the treatment of DM due to the multi-components, multi-targets, and lower side effects. This review provides a balanced and comprehensive summary on network pharmacology from current studies, highlighting different bioactive constituents, related databases and applications in the investigations on the treatment of DM especially type 2. The mechanisms related to type 2 DM, including α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory, targeting β cell dysfunction, AMPK signal pathway and PI3K/Akt signal pathway are summarized and critiqued. It suggests that the network pharmacology approach cannot only provide a new research paradigm for natural products, but also improve the current antidiabetic drug discovery strategies. Furthermore, we put forward the perspectives on the reasonable applications of network pharmacology for the therapy of DM and related drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Haixia Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin UniversityTianjin, China
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38
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Friedman M. Mushroom Polysaccharides: Chemistry and Antiobesity, Antidiabetes, Anticancer, and Antibiotic Properties in Cells, Rodents, and Humans. Foods 2016; 5:E80. [PMID: 28231175 PMCID: PMC5302426 DOI: 10.3390/foods5040080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Revised: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
More than 2000 species of edible and/or medicinal mushrooms have been identified to date, many of which are widely consumed, stimulating much research on their health-promoting properties. These properties are associated with bioactive compounds produced by the mushrooms, including polysaccharides. Although β-glucans (homopolysaccharides) are believed to be the major bioactive polysaccharides of mushrooms, other types of mushroom polysaccharides (heteropolysaccharides) also possess biological properties. Here we survey the chemistry of such health-promoting polysaccharides and their reported antiobesity and antidiabetic properties as well as selected anticarcinogenic, antimicrobial, and antiviral effects that demonstrate their multiple health-promoting potential. The associated antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulating activities in fat cells, rodents, and humans are also discussed. The mechanisms of action involve the gut microbiota, meaning the polysaccharides act as prebiotics in the digestive system. Also covered here are the nutritional, functional food, clinical, and epidemiological studies designed to assess the health-promoting properties of polysaccharides, individually and as blended mixtures, against obesity, diabetes, cancer, and infectious diseases, and suggestions for further research. The collated information and suggested research needs might guide further studies needed for a better understanding of the health-promoting properties of mushroom polysaccharides and enhance their use to help prevent and treat human chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mendel Friedman
- Western Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 800 Buchanan Street, Albany, CA 94710, USA.
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39
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Song JJ, Wang Q, Du M, Li TG, Chen B, Mao XY. Casein glycomacropeptide-derived peptide IPPKKNQDKTE ameliorates high glucose-induced insulin resistance in HepG2 cells via activation of AMPK signaling. Mol Nutr Food Res 2016; 61. [PMID: 27506476 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201600301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Recently, casein glycomacropeptide (GMP)-derived peptide was found to possess potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. In this study, the improvement effects and underlying molecular mechanisms of GMP-derived peptide on hepatic insulin resistance were investigated. METHODS AND RESULTS The peptide IPPKKNQDKTE was identified from GMP papain hydrolysates by LC-ESI-MS/MS. Effects of IPPKKNQDKTE on glucose metabolism and expression levels of the hepatic insulin signaling proteins in high glucose-induced insulin-resistant HepG2 cells were evaluated. Results showed that IPPKKNQDKTE dose-dependently increased glucose uptake and intracellular glycogen in insulin-resistant HepG2 cells without affecting cell viability. IPPKKNQDKTE increased the phosphorylation of Akt and GSK3β and decreased the expression levels of p-GS, G6Pase and PEPCK. These IPPKKNQDKTE-mediated protection effects were reversed by PI3K/Akt inhibitor LY294002, showing the mediatory role of PI3K/Akt. Moreover, treatment with IPPKKNQDKTE reduced IRS-1 Ser307 phosphorylation and increased phosphorylation of AMPK. Knockdown AMPK using siRNA in HepG2 cells increased Ser307 phosphorylation of IRS-1 and reduced Akt phosphorylation in IPPKKNQDKTE-treated insulin-resistant cells. CONCLUSION IPPKKNQDKTE prevents high glucose-induced insulin resistance in HepG2 cells by modulating the IRS-1/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway through AMPK activation, indicating that IPPKKNQDKTE plays a potential role in the prevention and treatment of hepatic insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Jia Song
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Wang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Min Du
- Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Tian-Ge Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Space Nutrition and Food Engineering, China Astronauts Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xue-Ying Mao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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40
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Liu X, Yao Z. Chronic over-nutrition and dysregulation of GSK3 in diseases. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2016; 13:49. [PMID: 27493677 PMCID: PMC4972972 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-016-0108-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss of cellular response to hormonal regulation in maintaining metabolic homeostasis is common in the process of aging. Chronic over-nutrition may render cells insensitive to such a hormonal regulation owing to overstimulation of certain signaling pathways, thus accelerating aging and causing diseases. The glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) plays a pivotal role in relaying various extracellular and intracellular regulatory signals critical to cell growth, survival, regeneration, or death. The main signaling pathway regulating GSK3 activity through serine-phosphorylation is the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/phosphoinositide-dependent kinase-1 (PDK1)/Akt relay that catalyzes serine-phosphorylation and thus inactivation of GSK3. In addition, perilipin 2 (PLIN2) has recently been shown to regulate GSK3 activation through direct association with GSK3. This review summarizes current understanding on environmental and nutritional factors contributing to GSK3 regulation (or dysregulation) through the PI3K/PDK1/Akt/GSK3 axis, and highlights the newly discovered role that PLIN2 plays in regulating GSK3 activity and GSK3 downstream pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xunxian Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5 Canada
| | - Zemin Yao
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5 Canada
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41
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Mechanisms underlying the effect of polysaccharides in the treatment of type 2 diabetes: A review. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 144:474-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.02.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Revised: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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42
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Wang PC, Zhao S, Yang BY, Wang QH, Kuang HX. Anti-diabetic polysaccharides from natural sources: A review. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 148:86-97. [PMID: 27185119 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.02.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Revised: 02/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease attracted worldwide concerns, which severely impairs peoples' quality of life and is attributed to several life-threatening complications, including atherosclerosis, nephropathy and retinopathy. The current therapies for DM include mainly oral anti-diabetic drugs and insulin. However, continuous use of these causes insulin resistance and side-effects, and the demand of effective, nontoxic and affordable drugs for DM patients is eager. Several previous studies have shown that non-toxic biological macromolecules, mainly polysaccharides, possess prominent efficacies on DM. Based on these encouraging observations, a great deal of efforts have been focused on discovering anti-diabetic polysaccharides for the development of effective therapeutics for DM. This review focuses on the advancements in the anti-diabetic efficacy of various natural polysaccharides and polysaccharide complexes from 2010 to 2015.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Cheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica (Ministry of Education), Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, People's Republic of China
| | - Shan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica (Ministry of Education), Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing-You Yang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica (Ministry of Education), Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiu-Hong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica (Ministry of Education), Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hai-Xue Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica (Ministry of Education), Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, People's Republic of China.
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Lin CH, Chang CY, Lee KR, Lin HJ, Lin WC, Chen TH, Wan L. Cold-water extracts of Grifola frondosa and its purified active fraction inhibit hepatocellular carcinoma in vitro and in vivo. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2016; 241:1374-85. [PMID: 27013543 DOI: 10.1177/1535370216640149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mushrooms are used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat a variety of diseases. Grifola frondosa (GF) is an edible mushroom indigenous to many Asian countries with a large fruiting body characterized by overlapping caps. In particular, GF is known for its anti-tumor activity, which has been targeted by scientific and clinical research. This study aimed to investigate the effects of the cold-water extract of GF (GFW) and its active fraction (GFW-GF) on autophagy and apoptosis, and the underlying mechanisms in vitro and in vivo Our results revealed that GFW and GFW-GF inhibited phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and stimulated c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathways, thereby inducing autophagy. We also demonstrated that GFW and GFW-GF inhibited proliferation, induced cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis in Hep3B hepatoma cells. GFW and GFW-GF markedly arrested cells in S phase and promoted cleavage of caspase-3 and -9. In addition, GFW and GFW-GF decreased the expression levels of the anti-apoptotic proteins protein kinase B and extracellular signal-regulated kinase. We also found that GFW significantly inhibited tumor growth in nude mice implanted with Hep3B cells. Our work demonstrates that GF and its active fraction inhibit hepatoma growth by inducing autophagy and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hung Lin
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yao Chang
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Rong Lee
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ju Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Wu-Chou Lin
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan Department of Gynecology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Ter-Hsin Chen
- Graduate Institute of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Lei Wan
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan Department of Gynecology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
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Zhang W, Lu Y, Zhang Y, Ding Q, Hussain S, Wu Q, Pan W, Chen Y. Antioxidant and antitumour activities of exopolysaccharide from liquid-culturedGrifola frondosaby chemical modification. Int J Food Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.13059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenna Zhang
- School of Life Sciences; Anhui University; 111 Jiulong Road Hefei 230601 Anhui China
| | - Yongming Lu
- School of Life Sciences; Anhui University; 111 Jiulong Road Hefei 230601 Anhui China
| | - Yaping Zhang
- School of Life Sciences; Anhui University; 111 Jiulong Road Hefei 230601 Anhui China
| | - Qiuying Ding
- School of Life Sciences; Anhui University; 111 Jiulong Road Hefei 230601 Anhui China
| | - Sajid Hussain
- School of Life Sciences; Anhui University; 111 Jiulong Road Hefei 230601 Anhui China
| | - Qingxi Wu
- School of Life Sciences; Anhui University; 111 Jiulong Road Hefei 230601 Anhui China
| | - Wenjuan Pan
- School of Life Sciences; Anhui University; 111 Jiulong Road Hefei 230601 Anhui China
| | - Yan Chen
- School of Life Sciences; Anhui University; 111 Jiulong Road Hefei 230601 Anhui China
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Ma X, Meng M, Han L, Cheng D, Cao X, Wang C. Structural characterization and immunomodulatory activity of Grifola frondosa polysaccharide via toll-like receptor 4–mitogen-activated protein kinases–nuclear factor κB pathways. Food Funct 2016; 7:2763-72. [DOI: 10.1039/c6fo00279j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We isolated a neutral polysaccharide from the fruiting body of a mushroom Grifola frondosa (GFP-A).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Ma
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety Ministry of Education
- College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology
- Tianjin University of Science & Technology
- Tianjin
- P.R. China
| | - Meng Meng
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety Ministry of Education
- College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology
- Tianjin University of Science & Technology
- Tianjin
- P.R. China
| | - Lirong Han
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety Ministry of Education
- College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology
- Tianjin University of Science & Technology
- Tianjin
- P.R. China
| | - Dai Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety Ministry of Education
- College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology
- Tianjin University of Science & Technology
- Tianjin
- P.R. China
| | - Xiaohong Cao
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety Ministry of Education
- College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology
- Tianjin University of Science & Technology
- Tianjin
- P.R. China
| | - Chunling Wang
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety Ministry of Education
- College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology
- Tianjin University of Science & Technology
- Tianjin
- P.R. China
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46
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Ma X, Li C, Qi W, Li X, Wang S, Cao X, Wang C. Protective effect of extracellular polysaccharides from Grifola frondosa mycelium on CCl4-injured liver in vitro. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcdf.2015.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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