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Simonides W, Tijsma A, Boelen A, Jongejan R, de Rijke Y, Peeters R, Dentice M, Salvatore D, Muller A. Divergent Thyroid Hormone Levels in Plasma and Left Ventricle of the Heart in Compensated and Decompensated Cardiac Hypertrophy Induced by Chronic Adrenergic Stimulation in Mice. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13020308. [PMID: 36837927 PMCID: PMC9960204 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13020308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic hemodynamic overload of the heart induces ventricular hypertrophy that may be either compensatory or progress to decompensation and heart failure. The gradual impairment of ventricular function is, at least in part, the result of a reduction of cardiac thyroid-hormone (TH) action. Here, we examined the proposed roles of increased cardiac expression of the TH-inactivating enzyme deiodinase type 3 (D3) and reduced plasma TH levels in diminishing cardiac TH levels. Using minipumps, mice were infused for one and two weeks with isoproterenol (ISO) alone or in combination with phenylephrine (PE). Remodeling of the heart induced by these adrenergic agonists was assessed by echocardiography. Left ventricular (LV) tissue and plasma TH levels (T4 and T3) were determined using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. LV D3 activity was determined by conversion of radiolabeled substrate and quantification following HPLC. The results show that ISO induced compensated LV hypertrophy with maintained cardiac output. Plasma levels of T4 and T3 remained normal, but LV hormone levels were reduced by approximately 30% after two weeks, while LV D3 activity was not significantly increased. ISO + PE induced decompensated LV hypertrophy with diminished cardiac output. Plasma levels of T4 and T3 were substantially reduced after one and two weeks, together with a more than 50% reduction of hormone levels in the LV. D3 activity was increased after one week and returned to control levels after two weeks. These data show for the first time that relative to controls, decompensated LV hypertrophy with diminished cardiac output is associated with a greater reduction of cardiac TH levels than compensated hypertrophy with maintained cardiac output. LV D3 activity is unlikely to account for these reductions after two weeks in either condition. Whereas the mechanism of the mild reduction in compensated hypertrophy is unclear, changes in systemic TH homeostasis appear to determine the marked drop in LV TH levels and associated impairment of ventricular function in decompensated hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warner Simonides
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1118, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Heart Failure & Arrhythmias, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: (W.S.); (A.M.)
| | - Alice Tijsma
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1118, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Heart Failure & Arrhythmias, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anita Boelen
- Endocrine Laboratory, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rutchanna Jongejan
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yolanda de Rijke
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robin Peeters
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Monica Dentice
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Domenico Salvatore
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Alice Muller
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1118, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Heart Failure & Arrhythmias, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: (W.S.); (A.M.)
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van Andel MM, Groenink M, van den Berg MP, Timmermans J, Scholte AJHA, Mulder BJM, Zwinderman AH, de Waard V. Genome-wide methylation patterns in Marfan syndrome. Clin Epigenetics 2021; 13:217. [PMID: 34895303 PMCID: PMC8665617 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-021-01204-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Marfan syndrome (MFS) is a connective tissue disorder caused by mutations in the Fibrillin-1 gene (FBN1). Here, we undertook the first epigenome-wide association study (EWAS) in patients with MFS aiming at identifying DNA methylation loci associated with MFS phenotypes that may shed light on the disease process. Methods The Illumina 450 k DNA-methylation array was used on stored peripheral whole-blood samples of 190 patients with MFS originally included in the COMPARE trial. An unbiased genome-wide approach was used, and methylation of CpG-sites across the entire genome was evaluated. Additionally, we investigated CpG-sites across the FBN1-locus (15q21.1) more closely, since this is the gene defective in MFS. Differentially Methylated Positions (DMPs) and Differentially Methylated Regions (DMRs) were identified through regression analysis. Associations between methylation levels and aortic diameters and presence or absence of 21 clinical features of MFS at baseline were analyzed. Moreover, associations between aortic diameter change, and the occurrence of clinical events (death any cause, type-A or -B dissection/rupture, or aortic surgery) and methylation levels were analyzed. Results We identified 28 DMPs that are significantly associated with aortic diameters in patients with MFS. Seven of these DMPs (25%) could be allocated to a gene that was previously associated with cardiovascular diseases (HDAC4, IGF2BP3, CASZ1, SDK1, PCDHGA1, DIO3, PTPRN2). Moreover, we identified seven DMPs that were significantly associated with aortic diameter change and five DMP’s that associated with clinical events. No significant associations at p < 10–8 or p < 10–6 were found with any of the non-cardiovascular phenotypic MFS features. Investigating DMRs, clusters were seen mostly on X- and Y, and chromosome 18–22. The remaining DMRs indicated involvement of a large family of protocadherins on chromosome 5, which were not reported in MFS before. Conclusion This EWAS in patients with MFS has identified a number of methylation loci significantly associated with aortic diameters, aortic dilatation rate and aortic events. Our findings add to the slowly growing literature on the regulation of gene expression in MFS patients. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13148-021-01204-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitzi M van Andel
- Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Maarten Groenink
- Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Radiology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten P van den Berg
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Janneke Timmermans
- Department of Cardiology, Radboud University Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Arthur J H A Scholte
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Barbara J M Mulder
- Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Aeilko H Zwinderman
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Vivian de Waard
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Bomer N, Pavez-Giani MG, Deiman FE, Linders AN, Hoes MF, Baierl CL, Oberdorf-Maass SU, de Boer RA, Silljé HH, Berezikov E, Simonides WS, Westenbrink BD, van der Meer P. Selenoprotein DIO2 Is a Regulator of Mitochondrial Function, Morphology and UPRmt in Human Cardiomyocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11906. [PMID: 34769334 PMCID: PMC8584701 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the fetal-gene-program may act as regulatory components to impede deleterious events occurring with cardiac remodeling, and constitute potential novel therapeutic heart failure (HF) targets. Mitochondrial energy derangements occur both during early fetal development and in patients with HF. Here we aim to elucidate the role of DIO2, a member of the fetal-gene-program, in pluripotent stem cell (PSC)-derived human cardiomyocytes and on mitochondrial dynamics and energetics, specifically. RNA sequencing and pathway enrichment analysis was performed on mouse cardiac tissue at different time points during development, adult age, and ischemia-induced HF. To determine the function of DIO2 in cardiomyocytes, a stable human hPSC-line with a DIO2 knockdown was made using a short harpin sequence. Firstly, we showed the selenoprotein, type II deiodinase (DIO2): the enzyme responsible for the tissue-specific conversion of inactive (T4) into active thyroid hormone (T3), to be a member of the fetal-gene-program. Secondly, silencing DIO2 resulted in an increased reactive oxygen species, impaired activation of the mitochondrial unfolded protein response, severely impaired mitochondrial respiration and reduced cellular viability. Microscopical 3D reconstruction of the mitochondrial network displayed substantial mitochondrial fragmentation. Summarizing, we identified DIO2 to be a member of the fetal-gene-program and as a key regulator of mitochondrial performance in human cardiomyocytes. Our results suggest a key position of human DIO2 as a regulator of mitochondrial function in human cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Bomer
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands; (M.G.P.-G.); (F.E.D.); (A.N.L.); (M.F.H.); (C.L.J.B.); (S.U.O.-M.); (R.A.d.B.); (H.H.W.S.); (B.D.W.); (P.v.d.M.)
| | - Mario G. Pavez-Giani
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands; (M.G.P.-G.); (F.E.D.); (A.N.L.); (M.F.H.); (C.L.J.B.); (S.U.O.-M.); (R.A.d.B.); (H.H.W.S.); (B.D.W.); (P.v.d.M.)
| | - Frederik E. Deiman
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands; (M.G.P.-G.); (F.E.D.); (A.N.L.); (M.F.H.); (C.L.J.B.); (S.U.O.-M.); (R.A.d.B.); (H.H.W.S.); (B.D.W.); (P.v.d.M.)
| | - Annet N. Linders
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands; (M.G.P.-G.); (F.E.D.); (A.N.L.); (M.F.H.); (C.L.J.B.); (S.U.O.-M.); (R.A.d.B.); (H.H.W.S.); (B.D.W.); (P.v.d.M.)
| | - Martijn F. Hoes
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands; (M.G.P.-G.); (F.E.D.); (A.N.L.); (M.F.H.); (C.L.J.B.); (S.U.O.-M.); (R.A.d.B.); (H.H.W.S.); (B.D.W.); (P.v.d.M.)
| | - Christiane L.J. Baierl
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands; (M.G.P.-G.); (F.E.D.); (A.N.L.); (M.F.H.); (C.L.J.B.); (S.U.O.-M.); (R.A.d.B.); (H.H.W.S.); (B.D.W.); (P.v.d.M.)
| | - Silke U. Oberdorf-Maass
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands; (M.G.P.-G.); (F.E.D.); (A.N.L.); (M.F.H.); (C.L.J.B.); (S.U.O.-M.); (R.A.d.B.); (H.H.W.S.); (B.D.W.); (P.v.d.M.)
| | - Rudolf A. de Boer
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands; (M.G.P.-G.); (F.E.D.); (A.N.L.); (M.F.H.); (C.L.J.B.); (S.U.O.-M.); (R.A.d.B.); (H.H.W.S.); (B.D.W.); (P.v.d.M.)
| | - Herman H.W. Silljé
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands; (M.G.P.-G.); (F.E.D.); (A.N.L.); (M.F.H.); (C.L.J.B.); (S.U.O.-M.); (R.A.d.B.); (H.H.W.S.); (B.D.W.); (P.v.d.M.)
| | - Eugene Berezikov
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing (ERIBA), University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Warner S. Simonides
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Vrije Unversiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - B. Daan Westenbrink
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands; (M.G.P.-G.); (F.E.D.); (A.N.L.); (M.F.H.); (C.L.J.B.); (S.U.O.-M.); (R.A.d.B.); (H.H.W.S.); (B.D.W.); (P.v.d.M.)
| | - Peter van der Meer
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands; (M.G.P.-G.); (F.E.D.); (A.N.L.); (M.F.H.); (C.L.J.B.); (S.U.O.-M.); (R.A.d.B.); (H.H.W.S.); (B.D.W.); (P.v.d.M.)
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T3 Critically Affects the Mhrt/Brg1 Axis to Regulate the Cardiac MHC Switch: Role of an Epigenetic Cross-Talk. Cells 2020; 9:cells9102155. [PMID: 32987653 PMCID: PMC7598656 DOI: 10.3390/cells9102155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The LncRNA my-heart (Mhrt) and the chromatin remodeler Brg1 inhibit each other to respectively prevent or favor the maladaptive α-myosin-heavy-chain (Myh6) to β-myosin-heavy-chain (Myh7) switch, so their balance crucially guides the outcome of cardiac remodeling under stress conditions. Even though triiodothyronine (T3) has long been recognized as a critical regulator of the cardiac Myh isoform composition, its role as a modulator of the Mhrt/Brg1 axis is still unexplored. Here the effect of T3 on the Mhrt/Brg1 regulatory circuit has been analyzed in relation with chromatin remodeling and previously identified T3-dependent miRNAs. The expression levels of Mhrt, Brg1 and Myh6/Myh7 have been assessed in rat models of hyperthyroidism or acute myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (IR) treated with T3 replacement therapy. To gain mechanistic insights, in silico analyses and site-directed mutagenesis have been adopted in combination with gene reporter assays and loss or gain of function strategies in cultured cardiomyocytes. Our results indicate a pivotal role of Mhrt over-expression in the T3-dependent regulation of Myh switch. Mechanistically, T3 activates the Mhrt promoter at two putative thyroid hormone responsive elements (TRE) located in a crucial region that is necessary for both Mhrt activation and Brg1-dependent Mhrt repression. This newly identified T3 mode of action requires DNA chromatinization and is critically involved in mitigating the repressive function of the Brg1 protein on Mhrt promoter. In addition, T3 is also able to prevent the Brg1 over-expression observed in the post-IR setting through a pathway that might entail the T3-mediated up-regulation of miR-208a. Taken together, our data evidence a novel T3-responsive network of cross-talking epigenetic factors that dictates the cardiac Myh composition and could be of great translational relevance.
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Sabatino L, Kusmic C, Iervasi G. Modification of cardiac thyroid hormone deiodinases expression in an ischemia/reperfusion rat model after T3 infusion. Mol Cell Biochem 2020; 475:205-214. [PMID: 32780210 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-020-03873-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The deiodinases regulate the activation and inactivation of Thyroid hormones (TH), in both physiological and pathological conditions. The three deiodinases, DIO1, DIO2 and DIO3, have different catalytic role and cellular and tissue distribution. Aim of this study is to evaluate a rat model of regional ischemia/reperfusion (I/R), the modification of cardiac main function after the administration of 6 µg/kg/day of triiodothyronine (T3), and the associated to DIO1, DIO2 and DIO3 gene expression. We also aim to study DIO1 and DIO2 protein levels in different left ventricular regions after an ischemic event. Four groups of rats were studied: sham-operated, sham-operated + T3, I/R rats and I/R rats + T3. DIO1, DIO2 and DIO3 expression were evaluated in I/R region (AAR: area-at-risk) and in a more distant region from ischemic wound (RZ: remote zone). In I/R group, circulating free-T3 (FT3) levels were significantly decreased with respect to basal values, whereas in I/R + T3 rats, FT3 levels were comparable to basal values. In AAR of I/R + T3 rats, DIO1 and DIO2 gene expression significantly increased with respect to sham. In RZ, DIO1 and DIO3 gene expression was significantly lower in sham and I/R rats when compared to I/R + T3. In sham + T3 group, DIO1 and DIO2 gene expression was not detectable, whereas DIO3 was significantly higher than in the other three groups. The present study gives interesting new insights on DIO1, DIO2 and DIO3 in the ischemic heart and their role in relation to T3-mediated amelioration of cardiac function and structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Sabatino
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council (C.N.R.), Pisa, Italy.
| | - Claudia Kusmic
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council (C.N.R.), Pisa, Italy
| | - Giorgio Iervasi
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council (C.N.R.), Pisa, Italy
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Marschner RA, Banda P, Wajner SM, Markoski MM, Schaun M, Lehnen AM. Short-term exercise training improves cardiac function associated to a better antioxidant response and lower type 3 iodothyronine deiodinase activity after myocardial infarction. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0222334. [PMID: 31513640 PMCID: PMC6742396 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0222334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims We assessed the effects of a short-term exercise training on cardiac function, oxidative stress markers, and type 3 iodothyronine deiodinase (D3) activity in cardiac tissue of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) following experimental myocardial infarction (MI). Methods Twenty-four SHR (aged 3 months) were allocated to 4 groups: sham+sedentary, sham+trained, MI+sedentary and MI+trained. MI was performed by permanent ligation of the coronary artery. Exercise training (treadmill) started 96 hours after MI and lasted for 4 weeks (~60% maximum effort, 4x/week and 40 min/day). Cardiac function (echocardiography), thioredoxin reductase (TRx), total carbonyl levels, among other oxidative stress markers and D3 activity were measured. A Generalized Estimating Equation was used, followed by Bonferroni’s test (p<0.05). Results MI resulted in an increase in left ventricular mass (p = 0.002) with decreased cardiac output (~22.0%, p = 0.047) and decreased ejection fraction (~41%, p = 0.008) as well as an increase in the carbonyl levels (p = 0.001) and D3 activity (~33%, p<0.001). Exercise training resulted in a decrease in left ventricular mass, restored cardiac output (~34%, p = 0.048) and ejection fraction (~20%, p = 0.040), increased TRx (~85%, p = 0.007) and reduced carbonyl levels (p<0.001) and D3 activity (p<0.001). Conclusions Our short-term exercise training helped reverse the effects of MI on cardiac function. These benefits seem to derive from a more efficient antioxidant response and lower D3 activity in cardiac tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Aguiar Marschner
- Institute of Cardiology of Rio Grande do Sul/University Foundation of Cardiology, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Thyroid Division, Endocrinology Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre/Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Banda
- Institute of Cardiology of Rio Grande do Sul/University Foundation of Cardiology, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Simone Magagnin Wajner
- Thyroid Division, Endocrinology Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre/Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Maximiliano Schaun
- Institute of Cardiology of Rio Grande do Sul/University Foundation of Cardiology, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Machado Lehnen
- Institute of Cardiology of Rio Grande do Sul/University Foundation of Cardiology, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Lin KY, Wang SY, Jiang H, Chen HC, Wu ZY, Guo YS, Zhu PL. Negative association between free triiodothyronine level and contrast-induced acute kidney injury in patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention. BMC Nephrol 2019; 20:201. [PMID: 31159763 PMCID: PMC6545736 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-019-1386-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A low FT3 level is significantly associated with a variety of kidney disease and acute myocardial infarction (AMI). However, it remains unclear whether low FT3 is associated with CI-AKI in patients who underwent pPCI. METHODS Single-center retrospective study evaluated 363 STEMI patients undergoing pPCI. Patients were classfied into 2 groups, low FT3 group (FT3 < 3.1 pmol/L) and normal FT3 group (FT3 ≥ 3.1 pmol/L);CI-AKI was defined as an increase in the serum creatinine levels of ≥50% or 0.3 mg/dL above the baseline level within 48 h after contrast medium exposure. RESULTS Overall, 80(22.0%) patients had low FT3, and 59(16.3%) patients developed CI-AKI. The incidence of CI-AKI and in-hospital mortality was significantly higher in patients with low FT3 than normal (31.3% vs 12.0%; 15.0% vs 3.2%, respectively, both p < 0.0001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that low FT3 was an independent predictor of CI-AKI (odds ratio [OR] = 2.62, 95%CI:1.35-5.07, p < 0.05). In addition, low FT3 was associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality during a mean follow-up period of 20 months (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.54, 95%CI:1.15-5.60, p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Low FT3 was associated with CI-AKI, short- and long-term mortality in STEMI patients after pPCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Yang Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cardiovascular Institute, Fujian Provincial Center for Geriatrics, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Sun-Ying Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cardiovascular Institute, Fujian Provincial Center for Geriatrics, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Hui Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cardiovascular Institute, Fujian Provincial Center for Geriatrics, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Han-Chuan Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cardiovascular Institute, Fujian Provincial Center for Geriatrics, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Zhi-Yong Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cardiovascular Institute, Fujian Provincial Center for Geriatrics, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Yan-Song Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cardiovascular Institute, Fujian Provincial Center for Geriatrics, Fuzhou, 350001, China.
| | - Peng-Li Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cardiovascular Institute, Fujian Provincial Center for Geriatrics, Fuzhou, 350001, China.
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la Cour JL, Christensen HM, Köhrle J, Lehmphul I, Kistorp C, Nygaard B, Faber J. Association Between 3-Iodothyronamine (T1am) Concentrations and Left Ventricular Function in Chronic Heart Failure. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2019; 104:1232-1238. [PMID: 30383216 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2018-01466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Thyroid hormone metabolites might affect the heart. The endogenous aminergic metabolite 3-iodothyronamine (T1am) reduces left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) in rodents. OBJECTIVE To investigate concentration of T1am and its association with LVEF and biomarkers of heart function in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) without thyroid disease, including patients with cardiac cachexia (nonedematous weight loss >5% over 6 months). METHODS Cross-sectional study. CHF was characterized by LVEF <45% and symptoms. Three groups were included (n = 19 in each group, matched on age, sex, and kidney function): patients with cachexia (CAC), patients without (non-CAC), and control (C) patients with prior myocardial infarction and LVEF >45%. T1am was measured by a monoclonal antibody-based chemiluminescence immunoassay. N-amino terminal pro-BNP (NT-proBNP) concentrations were also analyzed. RESULTS Mean (SD) LVEF: CAC, 32 ± 9%; non-CAC, 38 ± 8%; and C, 60 ± 8% (P < 0.0001). TSH, T4, and T3 levels did not differ between groups and did not correlate to T1am. Serum T1am (nmol/L) concentrations were higher in CHF: CAC (mean ± SD), 12.4 ± 6.6; non-CAC, 9.1 ± 5; and C, 7.3 ± 2.9. A negative association between T1am and LVEF was present after adjusting for sex, age, T3, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (P = 0.03). Further, serum T1am levels tended to be associated with NT-proBNP (P = 0.053). CONCLUSION Serum T1am levels were increased in patients with CHF and numerically highest (although nonsignificant) in patients with cardiac cachexia. Increasing T1am concentrations were independently associated with reduced LVEF, suggesting a direct effect on the human heart.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Heidi M Christensen
- Department of Endocrinology, Herlev University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Herlev University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Josef Köhrle
- Institut für Experimentelle Endokrinologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ina Lehmphul
- Institut für Experimentelle Endokrinologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Caroline Kistorp
- Department of Endocrinology, Herlev University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Birte Nygaard
- Department of Endocrinology, Herlev University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens Faber
- Department of Endocrinology, Herlev University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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9
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Stage-dependent cardiac regeneration in Xenopus is regulated by thyroid hormone availability. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:3614-3623. [PMID: 30755533 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1803794116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite therapeutic advances, heart failure is the major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, but why cardiac regenerative capacity is lost in adult humans remains an enigma. Cardiac regenerative capacity widely varies across vertebrates. Zebrafish and newt hearts regenerate throughout life. In mice, this ability is lost in the first postnatal week, a period physiologically similar to thyroid hormone (TH)-regulated metamorphosis in anuran amphibians. We thus assessed heart regeneration in Xenopus laevis before, during, and after TH-dependent metamorphosis. We found that tadpoles display efficient cardiac regeneration, but this capacity is abrogated during the metamorphic larval-to-adult switch. Therefore, we examined the consequence of TH excess and deprivation on the efficiently regenerating tadpole heart. We found that either acute TH treatment or blocking TH production before resection significantly but differentially altered gene expression and kinetics of extracellular matrix components deposition, and negatively impacted myocardial wall closure, both resulting in an impeded regenerative process. However, neither treatment significantly influenced DNA synthesis or mitosis in cardiac tissue after amputation. Overall, our data highlight an unexplored role of TH availability in modulating the cardiac regenerative outcome, and present X. laevis as an alternative model to decipher the developmental switches underlying stage-dependent constraint on cardiac regeneration.
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10
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Association between Low Free Triiodothyronine Levels and Poor Prognosis in Patients with Acute ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:9803851. [PMID: 29850596 PMCID: PMC5926512 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9803851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Background Low free triiodothyronine (fT3) levels are generally associated with poor prognosis in patients with heart diseases, but this is controversial and there is a lack of data about ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) in Chinese patients. Objective To assess the association between fT3 levels and the prognosis of patients with STEMI. Methods This was a prospective observational study of 699 consecutive patients with STEMI treated at the Xinqiao Hospital between January 1, 2013, and December 31, 2014. The patients were divided into the low fT3 (fT3 < 3.1 pmol/L; n = 179, 27.5%) and normal fT3 (fT3 ≥ 3.1 pmol/L; n = 473, 72.5%) groups according to fT3 levels at admission. Patients were followed up at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months for all-cause death and major adverse cardiac events (MACE). Results During the 1-year follow-up, there were 70 all-cause deaths (39.1%) in the low fT3 group and 40 (8.5%) in the normal fT3 group (P < 0.001). MACE occurred in 105 patients (58.7%) in the low fT3 group and 74 (15.6%) in the normal fT3 group (P < 0.001). Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis indicated that fT3 levels were independently associated with 30-day and 1-year all-cause death [30-day: hazard ratio (HR) = 0.702, 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 0.501–0.983, P = 0.04; 1-year: HR = 0.557, 95% CI: 0.411–0.755, P < 0.001] and MACE (30-day: HR = 0.719, 95% CI: 0.528–0.979, P = 0.036; 1-year: HR = 0.557, 95% CI: 0.445–0.698, P < 0.001). Conclusion Low fT3 levels were strongly associated with poor prognosis in patients with STEMI. Measurement of fT3 levels may be a valuable and simple way to identify high-risk STEMI patients.
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11
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Rutigliano G, Zucchi R. Cardiac actions of thyroid hormone metabolites. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 458:76-81. [PMID: 28069537 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid hormones (THs) have a major role in regulating cardiac function. Their classical mechanism of action is genomic. Recent findings have broadened our knowledge about the (patho)physiology of cardiac regulation by THs, to include non-genomic actions of THs and their metabolites (THM). This review provides an overview of classical and non-classical cardiac effects controlled by: i) iodothyronines (thyroxine, T4; 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine,T3; 3, 5-diiodothyronine, T2); ii) thyronamines (thyronamine, T0AM; 3-iodothyronamine, T1AM); and iii) iodothyroacetic acids (3, 5, 3', 5'-tetraiodothyroacetic acid, tetrac; 3, 5, 3'-triiodothyroacetic acid, triac; 3-iodothyroacetic acid, TA1). Whereas iodothyronines enhance both diastolic and systolic function and heart rate, thyronamines were observed to have negative inotropic and chronotropic effects and might function as a brake with respect to THs, although their physiological role is unclear. Moreover, thyronamines showed a cardioprotective effect at physiological concentrations. The cardiac effects of iodothyroacetic acids seem to be limited and need to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grazia Rutigliano
- Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Piazza Martiri della Libertà 33, 56127 Pisa, Italy; National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Clinical Physiology (IFC), Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Riccardo Zucchi
- Department of Pathology, University of Pisa, Via Roma 55, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
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12
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Janssen R, Muller A, Simonides WS. Cardiac Thyroid Hormone Metabolism and Heart Failure. Eur Thyroid J 2017; 6:130-137. [PMID: 28785539 PMCID: PMC5527173 DOI: 10.1159/000469708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The heart is a principal target of thyroid hormone, and a reduction of cardiac thyroid hormone signaling is thought to play a role in pathological ventricular remodeling and the development of heart failure. Studies in various rodent models of heart disease have identified increased activity of cardiac type III deiodinase as a possible cause of diminished levels and action of thyroid hormone. Recent data indicate novel mechanisms underlying the induction of this thyroid hormone-degrading enzyme in the heart as well as post-transcriptional regulation of its expression by microRNAs. In addition, the relevance of diminished thyroid hormone signaling for cardiac remodeling is suggested to include miRNA-mediated effects on pathological signaling pathways. These and other recent studies are reviewed and discussed in the context of other processes and factors that have been implicated in the reduction of cardiac thyroid hormone signaling in heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Warner S. Simonides
- *Warner S. Simonides, PhD, Department of Physiology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1118, NL–1081 HV Amsterdam (The Netherlands), E-Mail
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13
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Alves RN, Cardoso JCR, Harboe T, Martins RST, Manchado M, Norberg B, Power DM. Duplication of Dio3 genes in teleost fish and their divergent expression in skin during flatfish metamorphosis. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2017; 246:279-293. [PMID: 28062304 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2017.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2016] [Revised: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Deiodinase 3 (Dio3) plays an essential role during early development in vertebrates by controlling tissue thyroid hormone (TH) availability. The Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus) possesses duplicate dio3 genes (dio3a and dio3b). Expression analysis indicates that dio3b levels change in abocular skin during metamorphosis and this suggests that this enzyme is associated with the divergent development of larval skin to the juvenile phenotype. In larvae exposed to MMI, a chemical that inhibits TH production, expression of dio3b in ocular skin is significantly up-regulated suggesting that THs normally modulate this genes expression during this developmental event. The molecular basis for divergent dio3a and dio3b expression and responsiveness to MMI treatment is explained by the multiple conserved TREs in the proximal promoter region of teleost dio3b and their absence from the promoter of dio3a. We propose that the divergent expression of dio3 in ocular and abocular skin during halibut metamorphosis contributes to the asymmetric pigment development in response to THs.
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Affiliation(s)
- R N Alves
- Comparative Endocrinology and Integrative Biology, Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal.
| | - J C R Cardoso
- Comparative Endocrinology and Integrative Biology, Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal.
| | - T Harboe
- Institute of Marine Research, Austevoll Research Station, Austevoll, Norway.
| | - R S T Martins
- Comparative Endocrinology and Integrative Biology, Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal.
| | - M Manchado
- IFAPA Centro El Toruño, Junta de Andalucía, Camino Tiro Pichón s/n, 11500 El Puerto de Santa María, Cádiz, Spain.
| | - B Norberg
- Institute of Marine Research, Austevoll Research Station, Austevoll, Norway.
| | - D M Power
- Comparative Endocrinology and Integrative Biology, Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal.
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Lehnen TE, Santos MV, Lima A, Maia AL, Wajner SM. N-Acetylcysteine Prevents Low T3 Syndrome and Attenuates Cardiac Dysfunction in a Male Rat Model of Myocardial Infarction. Endocrinology 2017; 158:1502-1510. [PMID: 28323971 DOI: 10.1210/en.2016-1586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Nonthyroidal illness syndrome (NTIS) affects patients with myocardial infarction (MI). Oxidative stress has been implicated as a causative factor of NTIS, and reversed via N-acetylcysteine (NAC). Male Wistar rats submitted to left anterior coronary artery occlusion received NAC or placebo. Decreases in triiodothyronine (T3) levels were noted in MI-placebo at 10 and 28 days post-MI, but not in MI-NAC. Groups exhibited similar infarct areas whereas MI-NAC exhibited higher ejection fraction than did MI-placebo. Left ventricular systolic and diastolic diameters were also preserved in MI-NAC, but not in MI-placebo. Ejection fraction was positively correlated with T3 levels. Oxidative balance was deranged only in MI-placebo animals. Increased type 3 iodothyronine deiodinase expression was detected in the cardiomyocytes of MI-placebo compared with normal heart tissue. NAC was shown to diminish type 3 iodothyronine deiodinase expression and activity in MI-NAC. These results show that restoring redox balance by NAC treatment prevents NTIS- related thyroid hormone derangement and preserves heart function in rats subjected to MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Ederich Lehnen
- Thyroid Section, Endocrine Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90035-003, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Marcus Vinicius Santos
- Thyroid Section, Endocrine Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90035-003, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Adrio Lima
- Thyroid Section, Endocrine Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90035-003, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Ana Luiza Maia
- Thyroid Section, Endocrine Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90035-003, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Simone Magagnin Wajner
- Thyroid Section, Endocrine Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90035-003, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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15
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Wassner AJ, Jugo RH, Dorfman DM, Padera RF, Maynard MA, Zavacki AM, Jay PY, Huang SA. Myocardial Induction of Type 3 Deiodinase in Dilated Cardiomyopathy. Thyroid 2017; 27:732-737. [PMID: 28314380 PMCID: PMC5421592 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2016.0570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The thyroid hormone-inactivating enzyme type 3 deiodinase (D3) is induced during hypertrophic and ischemic cardiomyopathy, leading to a state of local cardiac hypothyroidism. Whether D3 induction occurs in dilated cardiomyopathy is unknown. METHODS This study characterized changes in cardiac D3 and thyroid hormone signaling in a transgenic model of progressive dilated cardiomyopathy (TG9 mice). RESULTS Cardiac D3 was dramatically induced 15-fold during the progression of dilated cardiomyopathy in TG9 mice. This D3 induction localized to cardiomyocytes and was associated with a decrease in myocardial thyroid hormone signaling. CONCLUSIONS Cardiac D3 is induced in a mouse model of dilated cardiomyopathy, indicating that D3 induction may be a general response to diverse forms of cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ari J. Wassner
- Thyroid Program, Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Rebecca H. Jugo
- Thyroid Program, Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - David M. Dorfman
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Robert F. Padera
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Michelle A. Maynard
- Thyroid Program, Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ann M. Zavacki
- Thyroid Section, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Patrick Y. Jay
- Departments of Pediatrics and Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Stephen A. Huang
- Thyroid Program, Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
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16
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Widiapradja A, Chunduri P, Levick SP. The role of neuropeptides in adverse myocardial remodeling and heart failure. Cell Mol Life Sci 2017; 74:2019-2038. [PMID: 28097372 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2452-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In addition to traditional neurotransmitters of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems, the heart also contains numerous neuropeptides. These neuropeptides not only modulate the effects of neurotransmitters, but also have independent effects on cardiac function. While in most cases the physiological actions of these neuropeptides are well defined, their contributions to cardiac pathology are less appreciated. Some neuropeptides are cardioprotective, some promote adverse cardiac remodeling and heart failure, and in the case of others their functions are unclear. Some have both cardioprotective and adverse effects depending on the specific cardiac pathology and progression of that pathology. In this review, we briefly describe the actions of several neuropeptides on normal cardiac physiology, before describing in more detail their role in adverse cardiac remodeling and heart failure. It is our goal to bring more focus toward understanding the contribution of neuropeptides to the pathogenesis of heart failure, and to consider them as potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Widiapradja
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.,Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Prasad Chunduri
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Scott P Levick
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA. .,Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
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17
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Li Q, Qi X, Jia W. 3,3',5-triiodothyroxine inhibits apoptosis and oxidative stress by the PKM2/PKM1 ratio during oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion AC16 and HCM-a cells: T3 inhibits apoptosis and oxidative stress by PKM2/PKM1 ratio. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 475:51-6. [PMID: 27163637 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS) plays a crucial role in the development of myocardial disease, which can induce the dysfunction of cardiac muscle cells. 3,3',5-triiodothyroxine (T3) is a hormone secreted from the thyroid gland that has been shown to protect cells by improving the redox state and to regulate the expression of pyruvate kinase muscle isozyme (PKM, including two isoforms PKM1 and PKM2). The present study aimed to reveal the key effects of T3 on protecting human myocardial cell lines from oxidative stress and the downstream molecular mechanism. An oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion model (OGDR) and three subtypes of the deiodinase family (DIO1, DIO2, and DIO3), which convert thyroxine (T4) to T3, were tested in this model. Our results show that the expression of DIO1, DIO2 and T3 was downregulated, but DIO3 was upregulated in OGDR-treated AC16 and HCM-a cells. Then, OGDR-treated cells were treated with T3 and T4. The results show that T3 inhibited the expression of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malonic dialdehyde (MDA), but upregulated glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). The effects of T4 were not notable. T3 also protected OGDR cells from apoptosis and upregulated the PKM2/PKM1 ratio. Further mechanistic studies found that PKM2 inhibition by small interfering RNA (siRNA) could attenuate the anti-OS and anti-apoptotic effects of T3. These findings suggest that T3 can inhibit apoptosis and oxidative stress in OGDR-treated AC16 and HCM-a cells by regulating the PKM2/PKM1 ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Li
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, 300121, China
| | - Xin Qi
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, 300121, China.
| | - Wenjun Jia
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, 300121, China
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19
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Bomb R, Heckle MR, Sun Y, Mancarella S, Guntaka RV, Gerling IC, Weber KT. Myofibroblast secretome and its auto-/paracrine signaling. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2016; 14:591-8. [PMID: 26818589 DOI: 10.1586/14779072.2016.1147348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Myofibroblasts (myoFb) are phenotypically transformed, contractile fibroblast-like cells expressing α-smooth muscle actin microfilaments. They are integral to collagen fibrillogenesis with scar tissue formation at sites of repair irrespective of the etiologic origins of injury or tissue involved. MyoFb can persist long after healing is complete, where their ongoing turnover of collagen accounts for a progressive structural remodeling of an organ (a.k.a. fibrosis, sclerosis or cirrhosis). Such persistent metabolic activity is derived from a secretome consisting of requisite components in the de novo generation of angiotensin (Ang) II. Autocrine and paracrine signaling induced by tissue AngII is expressed via AT1 receptor ligand binding to respectively promote: i) regulation of myoFb collagen synthesis via the fibrogenic cytokine TGF-β1-Smad pathway; and ii) dedifferentiation and protein degradation of atrophic myocytes immobilized and ensnared by fibrillar collagen at sites of scarring. Several cardioprotective strategies in the prevention of fibrosis and involving myofibroblasts are considered. They include: inducing myoFb apoptosis through inactivation of antiapoptotic proteins; AT1 receptor antagonist to interfere with auto-/paracrine myoFb signaling or to induce counterregulatory expression of ACE2; and attacking the AngII-AT1R-TGF-β1-Smad pathway by antibody or the use of triplex-forming oligonucleotides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritin Bomb
- a Division of Cardiovascular Diseases , University of Tennessee Health Science Center , Memphis , TN , USA
| | - Mark R Heckle
- b Department of Medicine , University of Tennessee Health Science Center , Memphis , TN , USA
| | - Yao Sun
- a Division of Cardiovascular Diseases , University of Tennessee Health Science Center , Memphis , TN , USA
| | - Salvatore Mancarella
- c Department of Physiology , University of Tennessee Health Science Center , Memphis , TN , USA
| | - Ramareddy V Guntaka
- d Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry , University of Tennessee Health Science Center , Memphis , TN , USA
| | - Ivan C Gerling
- e Division of Endocrinology , University of Tennessee Health Science Center , Memphis , TN , USA
| | - Karl T Weber
- a Division of Cardiovascular Diseases , University of Tennessee Health Science Center , Memphis , TN , USA
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20
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Janssen R, Zuidwijk MJ, Muller A, van Mil A, Dirkx E, Oudejans CBM, Paulus WJ, Simonides WS. MicroRNA 214 Is a Potential Regulator of Thyroid Hormone Levels in the Mouse Heart Following Myocardial Infarction, by Targeting the Thyroid-Hormone-Inactivating Enzyme Deiodinase Type III. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2016; 7:22. [PMID: 27014189 PMCID: PMC4783388 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2016.00022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac thyroid-hormone signaling is a critical determinant of cellular metabolism and function in health and disease. A local hypothyroid condition within the failing heart in rodents has been associated with the re-expression of the fetally expressed thyroid-hormone-inactivating enzyme deiodinase type III (Dio3). While this enzyme emerges as a common denominator in the development of heart failure, the mechanism underlying its regulation remains largely unclear. In the present study, we investigated the involvement of microRNAs (miRNAs) in the regulation of Dio3 mRNA expression in the remodeling left ventricle (LV) of the mouse heart following myocardial infarction (MI). In silico analysis indicated that of the miRNAs that are differentially expressed in the post-MI heart, miR-214 has the highest potential to target Dio3 mRNA. In accordance, a luciferase reporter assay, including the full-length 3'UTR of mouse Dio3 mRNA, showed a 30% suppression of luciferase activity by miR-214. In the post-MI mouse heart, miR-214 and Dio3 protein were shown to be co-expressed in cardiomyocytes, while time-course analysis revealed that Dio3 mRNA expression precedes miR-214 expression in the post-MI LV. This suggests that a Dio3-induced decrease of T3 levels is involved in the induction of miR-214, which was supported by the finding that cardiac miR-214 expression is down regulated by T3 in mice. In vitro analysis of human DIO3 mRNA furthermore showed that miR-214 is able to suppress both mRNA and protein expression. Dio3 mRNA is a target of miR-214 and the Dio3-dependent stimulation of miR-214 expression in post-MI cardiomyocytes supports the involvement of a negative feedback mechanism regulating Dio3 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rob Janssen
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marian J. Zuidwijk
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Alice Muller
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Alain van Mil
- Department of Cardiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Ellen Dirkx
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Cees B. M. Oudejans
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Walter J. Paulus
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Warner S. Simonides
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Warner S. Simonides,
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Holmager P, Schmidt U, Mark P, Andersen U, Dominguez H, Raymond I, Zerahn B, Nygaard B, Kistorp C, Faber J. Long-term L-Triiodothyronine (T3) treatment in stable systolic heart failure patients: a randomised, double-blind, cross-over, placebo-controlled intervention study. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2015; 83:931-7. [PMID: 25359424 DOI: 10.1111/cen.12648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Revised: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic heart failure (HF) is characterized by reduced serum T3 levels and increased activity of the T3 degrading enzyme deiodinase D3. This may result in an intracellular composition of the cardiomyocyte mimicking that of hypothyroidism. Short-term T3-administration to systolic HF patients might be beneficial. QUESTION Does long-term treatment with T3 have a beneficial effect on cardiac function and neurohormonal activation in chronic systolic HF patients with serum T3 levels below 1·6 nmol/l? DESIGN A randomized, double-blind, cross-over, placebo-controlled intervention study with oral T3 treatment twice daily for 3 months. The T3 dose was uptitrated to a final dose avoiding reduced TSH levels. PRIMARY END-POINT Left-ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). METHODS Cardiac imaging was performed using multiple gated tomographic radionuclide ventriculography (MUGA-SPECT). Neurohormonal stimulation was evaluated by plasma measurements of natriuretic peptides, aldosterone, renin, noradrenalin and copeptin levels. The patients were monitored for potential cardiac arrhythmias at the start of each treatment period. RESULTS Thirteen patients completed the protocol. Mean LVEF was 43%, range: 37-52 and serum T3 levels 1·4 nmol/l (0·9-1·6). The T3 dose was 20 μg per day (10-40). TSH levels did not change between groups, whereas serum T3 levels increased in the active arm. Cardiac function as measured by LVEF, end-diastolic and end-systolic volumes and cardiac output did not change during T3-treatment and neither did the neurohormonal profile. There were no side-effects in terms of cardiac arrhythmias and no change in resting heart rate. CONCLUSIONS This study does not support the hypothesis that oral T3 treatment might be beneficial to patients with chronic, stable systolic HF with a modest degree of reduced LVEF and low-normal serum T3 concentrations. The study included both functional studies of heart contractility as well as measures of the neurohormonal activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pernille Holmager
- Department of Medicine, Endocrine Unit, Herlev University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Ulla Schmidt
- Department of Medicine, Endocrine Unit, Herlev University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Peter Mark
- Department of Medicine, Endocrine Unit, Herlev University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Ulrik Andersen
- Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Glostrup University Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Helena Dominguez
- Department of Cardiology, Frederiksberg Hospital, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Ilan Raymond
- Department of Cardiology, Frederiksberg Hospital, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Bo Zerahn
- Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Herlev University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Birte Nygaard
- Department of Medicine, Endocrine Unit, Herlev University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Caroline Kistorp
- Department of Medicine, Endocrine Unit, Herlev University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Copenhagen University, Denmark
| | - Jens Faber
- Department of Medicine, Endocrine Unit, Herlev University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Copenhagen University, Denmark
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Vidart J, Wajner SM, Leite RS, Manica A, Schaan BD, Larsen PR, Maia AL. N-acetylcysteine administration prevents nonthyroidal illness syndrome in patients with acute myocardial infarction: a randomized clinical trial. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2014; 99:4537-45. [PMID: 25148231 PMCID: PMC4255112 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2014-2192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT The acute phase of the nonthyroidal illness syndrome (NTIS) is characterized by low T3 and high rT3 levels, affecting up to 75% of critically ill patients. Oxidative stress has been implicated as a causative factor of the disturbed peripheral thyroid hormone metabolism. OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to investigate whether N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a potent intracellular antioxidant, can prevent NTIS in patients with acute myocardial infarction. DESIGN This was a randomized, multicenter clinical trial. SETTINGS Consecutive patients admitted to the emergency and intensive care units of two tertiary hospitals in southern Brazil were recruited. Patients and intervention included 67 patients were randomized to receive NAC or placebo during 48 hours. Baseline characteristics and blood samples for thyroid hormones and oxidative parameters were collected. MAIN OUTCOME Variation of serum T3 and rT3 levels was measured. RESULTS Baseline characteristics were similar between groups (all P > .05). T3 levels decreased in the placebo group at 12 hours of follow-up (P = .002) but not in NAC-treated patients (P = .10). Baseline rT3 levels were elevated in both groups and decreased over the initial 48 hours in the NAC-treated patients (P = .003) but not in the control group (P = .75). The free T4 and TSH levels were virtually identical between the groups throughout the study period (P > .05). Measurement of total antioxidant status and total carbonyl content demonstrated that oxidative balance was deranged in acute myocardial infarction patients, whereas NAC corrected these alterations (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS NAC administration prevents the derangement in thyroid hormone concentrations commonly occurring in the acute phase of acute myocardial infarction, indicating that oxidative stress is involved in the NTIS pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josi Vidart
- Thyroid Unit (J.V., S.M.W., B.D.S., A.L.M.), Endocrine Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, CEP 90620-000, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil; Instituto de Cardiologia do RS/Fundação Universitária de Cardiologia (R.S.L., A.M.); and Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension (P.R.L.), Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
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Gerdes AM. Restoration of thyroid hormone balance: a game changer in the treatment of heart failure? Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2014; 308:H1-10. [PMID: 25380818 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00704.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The link between low thyroid hormone (TH) function and heart failure is reviewed in the present report. The idea that TH dysfunction may contribute to diseases leading to HF has been discussed for over 60 yr. A growing body of evidence from animal and human studies, particularly in recent years, suggests that TH treatment may improve clinical outcomes. Indeed, if a similar amount of positive information were available for a newly developed heart drug, there is little doubt that large-scale clinical trials would be underway with considerable excitement. THs offer the promise of improving ventricular contraction and relaxation, improving coronary blood flow, and inhibiting atherosclerosis, and new results suggest they may even reduce the incidence of arrhythmias in heart diseases. Are the potential clinical benefits worth the risk of possible overdosing? After so many years, why has this question not been answered? Clearly, the concept has not been disproven. This review explores the body of clinical evidence related to TH dysfunction and heart failure, discuss insights into pathophysiological, cellular, and molecular mechanisms provided by animal research, and discuss what is needed to resolve this long-standing issue in cardiology and move forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Martin Gerdes
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, New York Institute of Technology, Old Westbury, New York
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24
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Weltman NY, Ojamaa K, Schlenker EH, Chen YF, Zucchi R, Saba A, Colligiani D, Rajagopalan V, Pol CJ, Gerdes AM. Low-dose T₃ replacement restores depressed cardiac T₃ levels, preserves coronary microvasculature and attenuates cardiac dysfunction in experimental diabetes mellitus. Mol Med 2014; 20:302-12. [PMID: 24960246 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2013.00040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2013] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Thyroid dysfunction is common in individuals with diabetes mellitus (DM) and may contribute to the associated cardiac dysfunction. However, little is known about the extent and pathophysiological consequences of low thyroid conditions on the heart in DM. DM was induced in adult female Sprague Dawley (SD) rats by injection of nicotinamide (N; 200 mg/kg) followed by streptozotocin (STZ; 65 mg/kg). One month after STZ/N, rats were randomized to the following groups (N = 10/group): STZ/N or STZ/N + 0.03 μg/mL T3; age-matched vehicle-treated rats served as nondiabetic controls (C). After 2 months of T3 treatment (3 months post-DM induction), left ventricular (LV) function was assessed by echocardiography and LV pressure measurements. Despite normal serum thyroid hormone (TH) levels, STZ/N treatment resulted in reductions in myocardial tissue content of THs (T3 and T4: 39% and 17% reduction versus C, respectively). Tissue hypothyroidism in the DM hearts was associated with increased DIO3 deiodinase (which converts THs to inactive metabolites) altered TH transporter expression, reexpression of the fetal gene phenotype, reduced arteriolar resistance vessel density, and diminished cardiac function. Low-dose T3 replacement largely restored cardiac tissue TH levels (T3 and T4: 43% and 10% increase versus STZ/N, respectively), improved cardiac function, reversed fetal gene expression and preserved the arteriolar resistance vessel network without causing overt symptoms of hyperthyroidism. We conclude that cardiac dysfunction in chronic DM may be associated with tissue hypothyroidism despite normal serum TH levels. Low-dose T3 replacement appears to be a safe and effective adjunct therapy to attenuate and/or reverse cardiac remodeling and dysfunction induced by experimental DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Y Weltman
- Department of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota, United States of America
| | - Kaie Ojamaa
- Center for Heart and Lung Research, North Shore-LIJ Health System, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, United States of America
| | - Evelyn H Schlenker
- Department of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota, United States of America
| | - Yue-Feng Chen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine (NYIT-COM), Old Westbury, New York, United States of America
| | - Riccardo Zucchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze dell'Uomo e dell'Ambiente, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessandro Saba
- Dipartimento di Scienze dell'Uomo e dell'Ambiente, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Daria Colligiani
- Dipartimento di Scienze dell'Uomo e dell'Ambiente, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Viswanathan Rajagopalan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine (NYIT-COM), Old Westbury, New York, United States of America
| | - Christine J Pol
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine (NYIT-COM), Old Westbury, New York, United States of America
| | - A Martin Gerdes
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine (NYIT-COM), Old Westbury, New York, United States of America
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Janssen R, Zuidwijk MJ, Kuster DWD, Muller A, Simonides WS. Thyroid Hormone-Regulated Cardiac microRNAs are Predicted to Suppress Pathological Hypertrophic Signaling. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2014; 5:171. [PMID: 25368602 PMCID: PMC4202793 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2014.00171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiomyocyte size in the healthy heart is in part determined by the level of circulating thyroid hormone (TH). Higher levels of TH induce ventricular hypertrophy, primarily in response to an increase in hemodynamic load. Normal cardiac function is maintained in this form of hypertrophy, whereas progressive contractile dysfunction is a hallmark of pathological hypertrophy. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are important modulators of signal-transduction pathways driving adverse remodeling. Because little is known about the involvement of miRNAs in cardiac TH action and hypertrophy, we examined the miRNA expression profile of the hypertrophied left ventricle (LV) using a mouse model of TH-induced cardiac hypertrophy. C57Bl/6J mice were rendered hypothyroid by treatment with propylthiouracil and were subsequently treated for 3 days with TH (T3) or saline. T3 treatment increased LV weight by 38% (p < 0.05). RNA was isolated from the LV and expression of 641 mouse miRNAs was determined using Taqman Megaplex arrays. Data were analyzed using RQ-manager and DataAssist. A total of 52 T3-regulated miRNAs showing a >2-fold change (p < 0.05) were included in Ingenuity Pathway Analysis to predict target mRNAs involved in cardiac hypertrophy. The analysis was further restricted to proteins that have been validated as key factors in hypertrophic signal transduction in mouse models of ventricular remodeling. A total of 27 mRNAs were identified as bona fide targets. The predicted regulation of 19% of these targets indicates enhancement of physiological hypertrophy, while 56% indicates suppression of pathological remodeling. Our data suggest that cardiac TH action includes a novel level of regulation in which a unique set of TH-dependent miRNAs primarily suppresses pathological hypertrophic signaling. This may be relevant for our understanding of the progression of adverse remodeling, since cardiac TH levels are known to decrease substantially in various forms of pathological hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rob Janssen
- Department of Physiology, VU University Medical Center, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marian J. Zuidwijk
- Department of Physiology, VU University Medical Center, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Diederik W. D. Kuster
- Department of Physiology, VU University Medical Center, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Alice Muller
- Department of Physiology, VU University Medical Center, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Warner S. Simonides
- Department of Physiology, VU University Medical Center, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Warner S. Simonides, Department of Physiology, VU University Medical Center, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, v.d. Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, Netherlands e-mail:
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26
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Borzykh AA, Kuzmin IV, Mart’ianov AA, Borovik AS, Sharova AP, Tarasova OS, Vinogradova OL. Changes of rat respiratory and locomotory muscles during aerobic exercise training in continuous and interval regimens. Biophysics (Nagoya-shi) 2012. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006350912050053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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27
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Abstract
The discovery of cardiac hormone production significantly changed the evaluation of the function of the heart, which is rather regarded as a determining factor of the electrolyte and hemodynamic homeostasis cooperating with other organ systems instead of a mechanical pump. The most important hormones produced by the heart are the natriuretic peptides that have the primary role of protection against volume overload through natriuretic, diuretic, vasodilator and antiproliferative effects. They are integrative markers of the cardiac, vascular and renal functions and marking cardiorenal distress. Brain natriuretic peptide and the N-terminal pro-hormone (NT-proBNP) became generally accepted markers of heart failure exceeding traditional pathophysiological significance of those. They are useful in the diagnosis, estimation of prognosis and therapy guidance and their therapeutic administration is also available. Although the detection of extraadrenal aldosterone production is an exciting new discovery, intracardial aldosterone production is not significant in human beings. The intracardial thyroid hormone production is regulated by deiodinase activity. The role of elevated T3 concentration was suggested in the development of cardiac hypertrophy, while low T3 is assumed to be important in adaptation to hypoxia. An unexpected, complex relation can be determined between epicardial adipose tissue and coronary artery diseases, cytokine and adipokine production of adipocytes might be a part of the self-enhancing process of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emese Mezősi
- Pécsi Tudományegyetem, Klinikai Központ I. Belgyógyászati Klinika Pécs Ifjúság u. 13. 7624
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Tanguy S, Grauzam S, de Leiris J, Boucher F. Impact of dietary selenium intake on cardiac health: experimental approaches and human studies. Mol Nutr Food Res 2012; 56:1106-21. [PMID: 22760983 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201100766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Selenium, a dietary trace mineral, essential for humans and animals, exerts its effects mainly through its incorporation into selenoproteins. Adequate selenium intake is needed to maximize the activity of selenoproteins, among which glutathione peroxidases have been shown to play a major role in cellular defense against oxidative stress initiated by excess reactive oxygen species. In humans, a low selenium status has been linked to increased risk of various diseases, including heart disease. The main objective of this review is to present current knowledge on the role of selenium in cardiac health. Experimental studies have shown that selenium may exert protective effects on cardiac tissue in animal models involving oxidative stress. Because of the narrow safety margin of this mineral, most interventional studies in humans have reported inconsistent findings. Major determinants of selenium status in humans are not well understood and several nondietary factors might be associated with reduced selenium status. In this review, we discuss recent studies regarding the role of selenoproteins in the cardiovascular system, the effect of dietary intake on selenium status, the impact of selenium status on cardiac health, and the cellular mechanisms that can be involved in the physiological and toxic effects of selenium.
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30
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Martin Gerdes
- Cardiovascular Health Research Center, Sanford Research/University of South Dakota, 1100 E 21st Street, Sioux Falls, SD 57105, USA.
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31
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Aerts G, Arrojo E Drigo R, Van Herck SLJ, Sammels E, Mirebeau-Prunier D, Gereben B, Zeöld A, Harney JW, Huang SA, Mulcahey MA, Van der Geyten S, Van den Bergh G, Arckens L, Darras VM, Zavacki AM. Knockdown of the type 3 iodothyronine deiodinase (D3) interacting protein peroxiredoxin 3 decreases D3-mediated deiodination in intact cells. Endocrinology 2009; 150:5171-80. [PMID: 19819956 PMCID: PMC2775988 DOI: 10.1210/en.2009-0702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The type 3 iodothyronine deiodinase (D3) is the primary deiodinase that inactivates thyroid hormone. Immunoprecipitation of D3, followed by fluorescent two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry, identified peroxiredoxin 3 (Prx3) as a D3-associated protein. This interaction was confirmed using reverse coimmunoprecipitation, in which pull-down of Prx3 resulted in D3 isolation, and by fluorescence resonance energy transfer between cyan fluorescent protein-D3 and yellow fluorescent protein-Prx3. Prx3 overexpression did not change D3 activity in transfected HEK 293 cells; however, Prx3 knockdown resulted in a 50% decrease in D3-mediated whole-cell deiodination. Notably, D3 activity of cell lysates with dithiothreitol as an exogenous reducing factor and D3 protein levels were not decreased with Prx3 knockdown, indicating that the observed reduction in whole-cell deiodination was not simply due to a decrease in D3 enzyme levels. Prx3 knockdown did not change D3's affinity for T3 because saturation of D3-mediated whole-cell deiodination occurred between 20 and 200 nm T3 both with and without Prx3. Furthermore, the decrease in D3 activity in whole cells was not attributable to nonspecific oxidative stress because pretreatment with the antioxidant N-acetyl cysteine did not reverse the effects of Prx3 knockdown. Thioredoxin, the cofactor needed for Prx3 regeneration, supported D3 microsomal activity; however, Prx3 knockdown did not change D3 activity in this system. In conclusion, knockdown of Prx3 decreases D3 activity in whole cells, whereas absolute levels of D3 are unchanged, consistent with Prx3 playing a rate-limiting role in the regeneration of the D3 enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goele Aerts
- Thyroid Section, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, HIM 641, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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