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Ioannidis M, Mahata SK, van den Bogaart G. The immunomodulatory functions of chromogranin A-derived peptide pancreastatin. Peptides 2022; 158:170893. [PMID: 36244579 PMCID: PMC10760928 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2022.170893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Chromogranin A (CgA) is a 439 amino acid protein secreted by neuroendocrine cells. Proteolytic processing of CgA results in the production of different bioactive peptides. These peptides have been associated with inflammatory bowel disease, diabetes, and cancer. One of the chromogranin A-derived peptides is ∼52 amino acid long Pancreastatin (PST: human (h)CgA250-301, murine (m)CgA263-314). PST is a glycogenolytic peptide that inhibits glucose-induced insulin secretion from pancreatic islet β-cells. In addition to this metabolic role, evidence is emerging that PST also has inflammatory properties. This review will discuss the immunomodulatory properties of PST and its possible mechanisms of action and regulation. Moreover, this review will discuss the potential translation to humans and how PST may be an interesting therapeutic target for treating inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melina Ioannidis
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Sushil K Mahata
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Geert van den Bogaart
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Biology and Pathology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
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2
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Gacesa R, Vich Vila A, Collij V, Mujagic Z, Kurilshikov A, Voskuil M, Festen E, Wijmenga C, Jonkers D, Dijkstra G, Fu J, Zhernakova A, Imhann F, Weersma R. A combination of fecal calprotectin and human beta-defensin 2 facilitates diagnosis and monitoring of inflammatory bowel disease. Gut Microbes 2021; 13:1943288. [PMID: 34313538 PMCID: PMC8317932 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2021.1943288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) show a large overlap in clinical presentation, which presents diagnostic challenges. As a consequence, invasive and burdensome endoscopies are often used to distinguish between IBD and IBS. Here, we aimed to develop a noninvasive fecal test that can distinguish between IBD and IBS and reduce the number of endoscopies.We used shotgun metagenomic sequencing to analyze the composition and function of gut microbiota of 169 IBS patients, 447 IBD patients and 1044 population controls and measured fecal Calprotectin (FCal), human beta defensin 2 (HBD2), and chromogranin A (CgA) in these samples. These measurements were used to construct training sets (75% of data) for logistic regression and machine learning models to differentiate IBS from IBD and inactive from active IBD. The results were replicated on test sets (remaining 25% of the data) and microbiome data obtained using 16S sequencing.Fecal HBD2 showed high sensitivity and specificity for differentiating between IBD and IBS (sensitivity = 0.89, specificity = 0.76), while the inclusion of microbiome data with biomarkers (HBD2 and FCal) showed a potential for improvement in predictive power (optimal sensitivity = 0.87, specificity = 0.93). Shotgun sequencing-based models produced comparable results using 16S-sequencing data. HBD2 and FCal were found to have predictive power for IBD disease activity (AUC ≈ 0.7).HBD2 is a novel biomarker for IBD in patients with gastro-intestinal complaints, especially when used in combination with FCal and potentially in combination with gut microbiome data.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Gacesa
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Groningen, The Netherlands,University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Genetics, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - A. Vich Vila
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Groningen, The Netherlands,University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Genetics, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - V. Collij
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Groningen, The Netherlands,University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Genetics, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Z. Mujagic
- Maastricht University Medical Center, Division of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - A. Kurilshikov
- University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Genetics, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - M.D. Voskuil
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Groningen, The Netherlands,University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Genetics, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - E.A.M. Festen
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Groningen, The Netherlands,University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Genetics, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - C. Wijmenga
- University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Genetics, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - D.M.A.E. Jonkers
- Maastricht University Medical Center, Division of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - G. Dijkstra
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - J. Fu
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Groningen, The Netherlands,University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pediatrics, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - A. Zhernakova
- University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Genetics, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - F. Imhann
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Groningen, The Netherlands,University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Genetics, Groningen, The Netherlands,CONTACT F. Imhann University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - R.K. Weersma
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Groningen, The Netherlands
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3
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Kapoor K, Eissa N, Tshikudi D, Bernstein CN, Ghia JE. Impact of intrarectal chromofungin treatment on dendritic cells-related markers in different immune compartments in colonic inflammatory conditions. World J Gastroenterol 2021; 27:8138-8155. [PMID: 35068859 PMCID: PMC8704268 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i47.8138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chromofungin (CHR: chromogranin-A 47-66) is a chromogranin-A derived peptide with anti-inflammatory and anti-microbial properties. Ulcerative colitis (UC) is characterized by a colonic decrease of CHR and a dysregulation of dendritic CD11c+ cells.
AIM To investigate the association between CHR treatment and dendritic cells (DCs)-related markers in different immune compartments in colitis.
METHODS A model of acute UC-like colitis using dextran sulphate sodium (DSS) was used in addition to biopsies collected from UC patients.
RESULTS Intrarectal CHR treatment reduced the severity of DSS-induced colitis and was associated with a significant decrease in the expression of CD11c, CD40, CD80, CD86 and interleukin (IL)-12p40 in the inflamed colonic mucosa and CD11c, CD80, CD86 IL-6 and IL-12p40 within the mesenteric lymph nodes and the spleen. Furthermore, CHR treatment decreased CD80 and CD86 expression markers of splenic CD11c+ cells and decreased NF-κB expression in the colon and of splenic CD11c+ cells. In vitro, CHR decreased CD40, CD80, CD86 IL-6 and IL-12p40 expression in naïve bone marrow-derived CD11c+ DCs stimulated with lipopolysaccharide. Pharmacological studies demonstrated an impact of CHR on the NF-κB pathway. In patients with active UC, CHR level was reduced and showed a negative linear relationship with CD11c and CD86.
CONCLUSION CHR has protective properties against intestinal inflammation via the regulation of DC-related markers and CD11c+ cells. CHR could be a potential therapy of UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunal Kapoor
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg R3E0T5, MB, Canada
| | - Nour Eissa
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg R3E0T5, MB, Canada
- Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg R3E0T5, MB, Canada
- Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg R3E0T5, MB, Canada
- University of Manitoba IBD Clinical and Research Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg R3E0T5, MB, Canada
| | - Diane Tshikudi
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg R3E0T5, MB, Canada
| | - Charles N Bernstein
- Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg R3E0T5, MB, Canada
- University of Manitoba IBD Clinical and Research Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg R3E0T5, MB, Canada
| | - Jean-Eric Ghia
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg R3E0T5, MB, Canada
- Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg R3E0T5, MB, Canada
- Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg R3E0T5, MB, Canada
- University of Manitoba IBD Clinical and Research Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg R3E0T5, MB, Canada
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Abstract
Microscopic colitis (MC) is an inflammatory disease of the large intestine associated with urgent watery diarrhoea. MC may occur in people of all ages, although the disease primarily affects older women. Once believed to be rare, MC is now known to be a common cause of chronic watery diarrhoea in high-income countries, affecting 1 in 115 women and 1 in 286 men during their lifetime in Swedish population-based estimates. An inappropriate immune response to disturbances in the gut microenvironment is implicated in the pathogenesis of MC. Evidence also supports an underlying genetic basis for disease. The diagnosis of MC relies on clinical symptoms and microscopic assessment of colonic biopsy samples. MC is categorized histologically into collagenous colitis, lymphocytic colitis and their incomplete forms. The mainstay of treatment includes the use of budesonide, with or without adjunctive therapies, and withdrawal of offending drugs. Emerging studies suggest a role for biologicals and immunosuppressive therapies for the management of budesonide-refractory or budesonide-dependent disease. MC can have a substantial negative effect on patient quality of life. The outlook for MC includes a better understanding of the immune response, genetics and the microbiome in disease pathogenesis along with progress in disease management through robust clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin E Burke
- Gastroenterology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Mauro D'Amato
- Gastrointestinal Genetics Lab, CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Siew C Ng
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, LK Institute of Health Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China
| | - Darrell S Pardi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jonas F Ludvigsson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Paediatrics, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Hamed Khalili
- Gastroenterology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nutrition Epidemiology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden.
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5
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Muntjewerff EM, Tang K, Lutter L, Christoffersson G, Nicolasen MJT, Gao H, Katkar GD, Das S, ter Beest M, Ying W, Ghosh P, El Aidy S, Oldenburg B, van den Bogaart G, Mahata SK. Chromogranin A regulates gut permeability via the antagonistic actions of its proteolytic peptides. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2021; 232:e13655. [PMID: 33783968 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIM A "leaky" gut barrier has been implicated in the initiation and progression of a multitude of diseases, for example, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), irritable bowel syndrome and celiac disease. Here we show how pro-hormone Chromogranin A (CgA), produced by the enteroendocrine cells, and Catestatin (CST: hCgA352-372 ), the most abundant CgA-derived proteolytic peptide, affect the gut barrier. METHODS Colon tissues from region-specific CST-knockout (CST-KO) mice, CgA-knockout (CgA-KO) and WT mice were analysed by immunohistochemistry, western blot, ultrastructural and flowcytometry studies. FITC-dextran assays were used to measure intestinal barrier function. Mice were supplemented with CST or CgA fragment pancreastatin (PST: CgA250-301 ). The microbial composition of cecum was determined. CgA and CST levels were measured in blood of IBD patients. RESULTS Plasma levels of CST were elevated in IBD patients. CST-KO mice displayed (a) elongated tight, adherens junctions and desmosomes similar to IBD patients, (b) elevated expression of Claudin 2, and (c) gut inflammation. Plasma FITC-dextran measurements showed increased intestinal paracellular permeability in the CST-KO mice. This correlated with a higher ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes, a dysbiotic pattern commonly encountered in various diseases. Supplementation of CST-KO mice with recombinant CST restored paracellular permeability and reversed inflammation, whereas CgA-KO mice supplementation with CST and/or PST in CgA-KO mice showed that intestinal paracellular permeability is regulated by the antagonistic roles of these two peptides: CST reduces and PST increases permeability. CONCLUSION The pro-hormone CgA regulates the intestinal paracellular permeability. CST is both necessary and sufficient to reduce permeability and primarily acts by antagonizing PST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elke M. Muntjewerff
- Department of Tumor Immunology Radboud Institute for Molecular Life SciencesRadboud University Medical Center Nijmegen the Netherlands
| | - Kechun Tang
- VA San Diego Healthcare System San Diego CA USA
| | - Lisanne Lutter
- Center for Translational Immunology Utrecht University Medical Center Utrecht the Netherlands
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Utrecht University Medical Center Utrecht the Netherlands
| | - Gustaf Christoffersson
- Science for Life Laboratory Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden
- Department of Medical Cell biology Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden
| | - Mara J. T. Nicolasen
- Department of Tumor Immunology Radboud Institute for Molecular Life SciencesRadboud University Medical Center Nijmegen the Netherlands
| | - Hong Gao
- Department of Medicine University of California San Diego La Jolla CA USA
| | - Gajanan D. Katkar
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine University of California San Diego La Jolla CA USA
| | - Soumita Das
- Department of Pathology University of California San Diego La Jolla CA USA
| | - Martin ter Beest
- Department of Tumor Immunology Radboud Institute for Molecular Life SciencesRadboud University Medical Center Nijmegen the Netherlands
| | - Wei Ying
- Department of Medicine University of California San Diego La Jolla CA USA
| | - Pradipta Ghosh
- Department of Medicine University of California San Diego La Jolla CA USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine University of California San Diego La Jolla CA USA
| | - Sahar El Aidy
- Department of Molecular Immunology and Microbiology Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute University of Groningen Groningen the Netherlands
| | - Bas Oldenburg
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Utrecht University Medical Center Utrecht the Netherlands
| | - Geert van den Bogaart
- Department of Tumor Immunology Radboud Institute for Molecular Life SciencesRadboud University Medical Center Nijmegen the Netherlands
- Department of Molecular Immunology and Microbiology Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute University of Groningen Groningen the Netherlands
| | - Sushil K. Mahata
- VA San Diego Healthcare System San Diego CA USA
- Department of Medicine University of California San Diego La Jolla CA USA
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6
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Zivkovic PM, Matetic A, Tadin Hadjina I, Rusic D, Vilovic M, Supe-Domic D, Borovac JA, Mudnic I, Tonkic A, Bozic J. Serum Catestatin Levels and Arterial Stiffness Parameters Are Increased in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9030628. [PMID: 32110996 PMCID: PMC7141110 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9030628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Catestatin (CST) is an important peptide in the pathophysiology of chronic inflammatory disorders. However, clinical studies on inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients are lacking. Our goal was to investigate CST concentrations in IBD patients compared to healthy subjects. Additionally, we aimed to determine arterial stiffness parameters in relation to CST. This cross-sectional study compared 80 IBD patients (45 Crohn's disease (CD) and 35 ulcerative colitis (UC) patients) with 75 control subjects. Serum CST levels were significantly higher in the IBD group compared to control subjects (11.29 ± 9.14 vs. 7.13 ± 6.08 ng/mL, p = 0.001) and in the UC group compared to CD patients (13.50 ± 9.58 vs. 9.03 ± 6.92 ng/mL, p = 0.021), irrespective of age and BMI. IBD patients exhibited significantly higher values of heart rate adjusted central augmentation index (cAIx-75) (14.88 ± 10.59 vs. 6.87 ± 9.50 %, p < 0.001) and pulse wave velocity (PWV) (8.06 ± 3.23 vs. 6.42 ± 1.47 m/s, p < 0.001) compared to control group. Furthermore, PWV was the only significant independent correlate of CST (B = 1.20, t = 4.15, p < 0.001), while CST, PWV, cAIx-75, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and BMI were significant predictors of positive IBD status (1.089 (1.022-1.161), 1.515 (1.166-1.968), 1.060 (1.024-1.097), 1.458 (1.116-1.906), 0.793 (0.683-0.920), respectively). Serum CST levels were significantly higher in IBD patients compared to controls and an independent positive correlation of CST with PWV existed. Therefore, it is possible that CST could have a role in the complex pathophysiology of IBD and its cardiovascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piero Marin Zivkovic
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia; (P.M.Z.); (I.T.H.); (A.T.)
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, Croatia; (A.M.); (M.V.); (J.A.B.)
| | - Andrija Matetic
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, Croatia; (A.M.); (M.V.); (J.A.B.)
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Ivana Tadin Hadjina
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia; (P.M.Z.); (I.T.H.); (A.T.)
| | - Doris Rusic
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, Croatia;
| | - Marino Vilovic
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, Croatia; (A.M.); (M.V.); (J.A.B.)
| | - Daniela Supe-Domic
- Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics, University Hospital of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia;
- Department of Health Studies, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Josip Andelo Borovac
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, Croatia; (A.M.); (M.V.); (J.A.B.)
| | - Ivana Mudnic
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, Croatia;
| | - Ante Tonkic
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia; (P.M.Z.); (I.T.H.); (A.T.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Josko Bozic
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, Croatia; (A.M.); (M.V.); (J.A.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +385-21-557-871; Fax: +385-21-557-905
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7
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Shulman RJ, Öhman L, Stridsberg M, Cain K, Simrén M, Heitkemper M. Evidence of increased fecal granins in children with irritable bowel syndrome and correlates with symptoms. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2019; 31:e13486. [PMID: 30298961 PMCID: PMC6296885 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.13486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Granins have been implicated in the pathophysiology of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) in adults. We sought to determine whether fecal granins are altered in children with IBS and associated with symptoms. METHODS Children (7-12 years of age) with IBS and healthy controls (HC) kept daily pain and stool diaries for 2 weeks. Stool samples were analyzed for chromogranins A and B (CgA, CgB) and secretogranins II and III (SgII, SgIII). Children also completed psychological measures to assess anxiety, depression, somatization, and internalizing symptoms. KEY RESULTS Fecal CgB and SgIII concentrations were higher in all the boys (IBS plus HC, n = 48) than in all the girls (IBS plus HC, n = 75) (P = 0.02 and P = 0.046, respectively). CgA and SgIII were greater in children with IBS (n = 52) vs HC (n = 69) (P = 0.01, P = 0.017, respectively). CgB and SgII did not differ between groups. In children with IBS, the number of pain episodes per week and mean daily pain rating correlated positively with all four granins. The number of stools per day correlated positively with CgB and SgII, and the percent of diarrheal stools (6 or 7 on the Bristol Scale) correlated inversely with all four granins in boys but not in girls. Fecal granins did not correlate with psychological measures. CONCLUSIONS AND INFERENCES As measured by fecal granins, there is evidence of neuroimmune activation in children with IBS. Granins are related to abdominal pain symptoms, stooling frequency, and stool form in children with IBS. Sex influences the fecal concentration of CgB and SgIII.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J. Shulman
- Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Houston, TX
| | - Lena Öhman
- University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
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8
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Muntjewerff EM, Dunkel G, Nicolasen MJT, Mahata SK, van den Bogaart G. Catestatin as a Target for Treatment of Inflammatory Diseases. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2199. [PMID: 30337922 PMCID: PMC6180191 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
It is increasingly clear that inflammatory diseases and cancers are influenced by cleavage products of the pro-hormone chromogranin A (CgA), such as the 21-amino acids long catestatin (CST). The goal of this review is to provide an overview of the anti-inflammatory effects of CST and its mechanism of action. We discuss evidence proving that CST and its precursor CgA are crucial for maintaining metabolic and immune homeostasis. CST could reduce inflammation in various mouse models for diabetes, colitis and atherosclerosis. In these mouse models, CST treatment resulted in less infiltration of immune cells in affected tissues, although in vitro monocyte migration was increased by CST. Both in vivo and in vitro, CST can shift macrophage differentiation from a pro- to an anti-inflammatory phenotype. Thus, the concept is emerging that CST plays a role in tissue homeostasis by regulating immune cell infiltration and macrophage differentiation. These findings warrant studying the effects of CST in humans and make it an interesting therapeutic target for treatment and/or diagnosis of various metabolic and immune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elke M Muntjewerff
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Gina Dunkel
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Mara J T Nicolasen
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Sushil K Mahata
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, United States.,Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Geert van den Bogaart
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Department of Molecular Immunology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
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9
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Magnusson MK, Lasson A, Stridsberg M, Isaksson S, Strid H, Öhman L. Faecal secretogranin and chromogranin levels persist over time and are unrelated to disease history and outcome in patients with ulcerative colitis. COGENT MEDICINE 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/2331205x.2018.1484602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Maria K. Magnusson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anders Lasson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Södra Älvsborg Hospital, Borås, Sweden
| | - Mats Stridsberg
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Stefan Isaksson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Hans Strid
- Department of Internal Medicine, Södra Älvsborg Hospital, Borås, Sweden
| | - Lena Öhman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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10
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Worthington JJ, Reimann F, Gribble FM. Enteroendocrine cells-sensory sentinels of the intestinal environment and orchestrators of mucosal immunity. Mucosal Immunol 2018; 11:3-20. [PMID: 28853441 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2017.73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The intestinal epithelium must balance efficient absorption of nutrients with partitioning commensals and pathogens from the bodies' largest immune system. If this crucial barrier fails, inappropriate immune responses can result in inflammatory bowel disease or chronic infection. Enteroendocrine cells represent 1% of this epithelium and have classically been studied for their detection of nutrients and release of peptide hormones to mediate digestion. Intriguingly, enteroendocrine cells are the key sensors of microbial metabolites, can release cytokines in response to pathogen associated molecules and peptide hormone receptors are expressed on numerous intestinal immune cells; thus enteroendocrine cells are uniquely equipped to be crucial and novel orchestrators of intestinal inflammation. In this review, we introduce enteroendocrine chemosensory roles, summarize studies correlating enteroendocrine perturbations with intestinal inflammation and describe the mechanistic interactions by which enteroendocrine and mucosal immune cells interact during disease; highlighting this immunoendocrine axis as a key aspect of innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Worthington
- Lancaster University, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Lancaster, Lancashire, UK
| | - F Reimann
- University of Cambridge, Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust/MRC Institute of Metabolic Science & MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - F M Gribble
- University of Cambridge, Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust/MRC Institute of Metabolic Science & MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
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11
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Deng Z, Xu C. Role of the neuroendocrine antimicrobial peptide catestatin in innate immunity and pain. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2017; 49:967-972. [PMID: 28981685 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmx083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Catestatin (CST) is a neuroendocrine peptide which is derived from the chromogranin A. It has been demonstrated that CST can affect a wide range of processes, such as innate immunity, inflammatory and autoimmune reactions, and several homeostatic regulations. Furthermore, CST is positive against several kinds of bacterial strains at micromolecular range, which shows its antimicrobial activity. Recently, the role of CST in acute and chronic pain has attracted much attention. In this review, we discussed the latest research findings of CST and its role in innate immunity and pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyu Deng
- Department of Physiology, Basic Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Changshui Xu
- Department of Physiology, Basic Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
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12
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El-Salhy M, Solomon T, Hausken T, Gilja OH, Hatlebakk JG. Gastrointestinal neuroendocrine peptides/amines in inflammatory bowel disease. World J Gastroenterol 2017; 23:5068-5085. [PMID: 28811704 PMCID: PMC5537176 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i28.5068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 04/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic recurrent condition whose etiology is unknown, and it includes ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s disease, and microscopic colitis. These three diseases differ in clinical manifestations, courses, and prognoses. IBD reduces the patients’ quality of life and is an economic burden to both the patients and society. Interactions between the gastrointestinal (GI) neuroendocrine peptides/amines (NEPA) and the immune system are believed to play an important role in the pathophysiology of IBD. Moreover, the interaction between GI NEPA and intestinal microbiota appears to play also a pivotal role in the pathophysiology of IBD. This review summarizes the available data on GI NEPA in IBD, and speculates on their possible role in the pathophysiology and the potential use of this information when developing treatments. GI NEPA serotonin, the neuropeptide Y family, and substance P are proinflammatory, while the chromogranin/secretogranin family, vasoactive intestinal peptide, somatostatin, and ghrelin are anti-inflammatory. Several innate and adaptive immune cells express these NEPA and/or have receptors to them. The GI NEPA are affected in patients with IBD and in animal models of human IBD. The GI NEPA are potentially useful for the diagnosis and follow-up of the activity of IBD, and are candidate targets for treatments of this disease.
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13
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Pisani LF, Tontini GE, Marinoni B, Villanacci V, Bruni B, Vecchi M, Pastorelli L. Biomarkers and Microscopic Colitis: An Unmet Need in Clinical Practice. Front Med (Lausanne) 2017; 4:54. [PMID: 28540290 PMCID: PMC5423903 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2017.00054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the most common causes of chronic diarrhea is ascribed to microscopic colitis (MC). MC is classified in subtypes: collagenous colitis (CC) and lymphocytic colitis (LC). Patients with MC report watery, non-bloody diarrhea of chronic course, abdominal pain, weight loss, and fatigue that may impair patient's health-related quality of life. A greater awareness, and concomitantly an increasing number of diagnoses over the last years, has demonstrated that the incidence and prevalence of MC are on the rise. To date, colonoscopy with histological analysis on multiple biopsies collected along the colon represents the unique accepted procedure used to assess the diagnosis of active MC and to evaluate the response to medical therapy. Therefore, the emerging need for less-invasive procedures that are also rapid, convenient, standardized, and reproducible, has encouraged scientists to turn their attention to the identification of inflammatory markers and other molecules in blood or feces and within the colonic tissue that can confirm a MC diagnosis. This review gives an update on the biomarkers that are potentially available for the identification of inflammatory activity, related to CC and LC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Francesca Pisani
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Italy
| | - Gian Eugenio Tontini
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Italy
| | - Beatrice Marinoni
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Italy
| | | | - Barbara Bruni
- Pathology and Cytodiagnostic Unit, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Italy
| | - Maurizio Vecchi
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Pastorelli
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- *Correspondence: Luca Pastorelli,
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14
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Massironi S, Zilli A, Cavalcoli F, Conte D, Peracchi M. Chromogranin A and other enteroendocrine markers in inflammatory bowel disease. Neuropeptides 2016; 58:127-34. [PMID: 26804239 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2016.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Revised: 01/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Changes in the distribution and products of enteroendocrine cells may play a role in immune activation and regulation of gut inflammation. This review aims at critically evaluating the main enteroendocrine markers in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). A narrative review was performed by searching inflammatory bowel diseases and enteroendocrine biomarkers in PubMed. Relevant modifications of some enteroendocrine markers, such as Chromogranin A, and their correlation with disease activity have been reported in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases. Even if data about neuroendocrine markers are sometimes contrasting, they may be potentially useful for the diagnosis and clinical management of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Massironi
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Zilli
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; Postgraduate School of Gastroenterology, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy.
| | - Federica Cavalcoli
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; Postgraduate School of Gastroenterology, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy.
| | - Dario Conte
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; Postgraduate School of Gastroenterology, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy.
| | - Maddalena Peracchi
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; Postgraduate School of Gastroenterology, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy.
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15
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Diagnosis and treatment of microscopic colitis. Clin J Gastroenterol 2016; 9:169-74. [DOI: 10.1007/s12328-016-0656-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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16
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Zhernakova A, Kurilshikov A, Bonder MJ, Tigchelaar EF, Schirmer M, Vatanen T, Mujagic Z, Vila AV, Falony G, Vieira-Silva S, Wang J, Imhann F, Brandsma E, Jankipersadsing SA, Joossens M, Cenit MC, Deelen P, Swertz MA, Weersma RK, Feskens EJM, Netea MG, Gevers D, Jonkers D, Franke L, Aulchenko YS, Huttenhower C, Raes J, Hofker MH, Xavier RJ, Wijmenga C, Fu J. Population-based metagenomics analysis reveals markers for gut microbiome composition and diversity. Science 2016; 352:565-9. [PMID: 27126040 DOI: 10.1126/science.aad3369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1169] [Impact Index Per Article: 146.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Deep sequencing of the gut microbiomes of 1135 participants from a Dutch population-based cohort shows relations between the microbiome and 126 exogenous and intrinsic host factors, including 31 intrinsic factors, 12 diseases, 19 drug groups, 4 smoking categories, and 60 dietary factors. These factors collectively explain 18.7% of the variation seen in the interindividual distance of microbial composition. We could associate 110 factors to 125 species and observed that fecal chromogranin A (CgA), a protein secreted by enteroendocrine cells, was exclusively associated with 61 microbial species whose abundance collectively accounted for 53% of microbial composition. Low CgA concentrations were seen in individuals with a more diverse microbiome. These results are an important step toward a better understanding of environment-diet-microbe-host interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Zhernakova
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Genetics, Groningen, Netherlands. Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, Netherlands.
| | - Alexander Kurilshikov
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia. Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Marc Jan Bonder
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Genetics, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Ettje F Tigchelaar
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Genetics, Groningen, Netherlands. Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Melanie Schirmer
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA. Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tommi Vatanen
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA. Department of Computer Science, Aalto University School of Science, Espoo, Finland
| | - Zlatan Mujagic
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, Netherlands. Division of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Arnau Vich Vila
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Gwen Falony
- KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Molecular Bacteriology, Leuven, Belgium. VIB, Center for the Biology of Disease, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sara Vieira-Silva
- KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Molecular Bacteriology, Leuven, Belgium. VIB, Center for the Biology of Disease, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jun Wang
- KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Molecular Bacteriology, Leuven, Belgium. VIB, Center for the Biology of Disease, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Floris Imhann
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Eelke Brandsma
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pediatrics, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Soesma A Jankipersadsing
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Genetics, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Marie Joossens
- KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Molecular Bacteriology, Leuven, Belgium. VIB, Center for the Biology of Disease, Leuven, Belgium. Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Faculty of Sciences and Bioengineering Sciences, Microbiology Unit, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Maria Carmen Cenit
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Genetics, Groningen, Netherlands. Microbial Ecology, Nutrition and Health Research Group, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain. Department of Pediatrics, Dr. Peset University Hospital, Valencia, Spain
| | - Patrick Deelen
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Genetics, Groningen, Netherlands. University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Genomics Coordination Center, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Morris A Swertz
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Genetics, Groningen, Netherlands. University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Genomics Coordination Center, Groningen, Netherlands
| | | | - Rinse K Weersma
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Edith J M Feskens
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, Netherlands. Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Mihai G Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Dirk Gevers
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Daisy Jonkers
- Division of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Lude Franke
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Genetics, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Yurii S Aulchenko
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia. Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, UK. PolyOmica, Groningen, Netherlands. Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Curtis Huttenhower
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA. Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jeroen Raes
- KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Molecular Bacteriology, Leuven, Belgium. VIB, Center for the Biology of Disease, Leuven, Belgium. Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Faculty of Sciences and Bioengineering Sciences, Microbiology Unit, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marten H Hofker
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pediatrics, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Ramnik J Xavier
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA. Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA. Gastrointestinal Unit and Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA. Center for Microbiome Informatics and Therapeutics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Cisca Wijmenga
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Genetics, Groningen, Netherlands.
| | - Jingyuan Fu
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Genetics, Groningen, Netherlands. University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pediatrics, Groningen, Netherlands.
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17
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Wasinger VC, Yau Y, Duo X, Zeng M, Campbell B, Shin S, Luber R, Redmond D, Leong RWL. Low Mass Blood Peptides Discriminative of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) Severity: A Quantitative Proteomic Perspective. Mol Cell Proteomics 2015; 15:256-65. [PMID: 26530476 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m115.055095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Breakdown of the protective gut barrier releases effector molecules and degradation products into the blood stream making serum and plasma ideal as a diagnostic medium. The enriched low mass proteome is unexplored as a source of differentiators for diagnosing and monitoring inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) activity, that is less invasive than colonoscopy. Differences in the enriched low mass plasma proteome (<25 kDa) were assessed by label-free quantitative mass-spectrometry. A panel of marker candidates were progressed to validation phase and "Tier-2" FDA-level validated quantitative assay. Proteins important in maintaining gut barrier function and homeostasis at the epithelial interface have been quantitated by multiple reaction monitoring in plasma and serum including both inflammatory; rheumatoid arthritis controls, and non-inflammatory healthy controls; ulcerative colitis (UC), and Crohn's disease (CD) patients. Detection by immunoblot confirmed presence at the protein level in plasma. Correlation analysis and receiver operator characteristics were used to report the sensitivity and specificity. Peptides differentiating controls from IBD originate from secreted phosphoprotein 24 (SPP24, p = 0.000086, 0.009); whereas those in remission and healthy can be differentiated in UC by SPP24 (p = 0.00023, 0.001), α-1-microglobulin (AMBP, p = 0.006) and CD by SPP24 (p = 0.019, 0.05). UC and CD can be differentiated by Guanylin (GUC2A, p = 0.001), and Secretogranin-1 (CHGB p = 0.035). Active and quiescent disease can also be differentiated in UC and CD by CHGB (p ≤ 0.023) SPP24 (p ≤ 0.023) and AMBP (UC p = 0.046). Five peptides discriminating IBD activity and severity had very little-to-no correlation to erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein, white cell or platelet counts. Three of these peptides were found to be binding partners to SPP24 protein alongside other known matrix proteins. These proteins have the potential to improve diagnosis and evaluate IBD activity, reducing the need for more invasive techniques. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD002821.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie C Wasinger
- From the ‡Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Facility, Mark Wainwright Analytical centre, The University of New South Wales, Australia; §School of Medical Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia;
| | - Yunki Yau
- From the ‡Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Facility, Mark Wainwright Analytical centre, The University of New South Wales, Australia; ¶Gastroenterology Department, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Hospital Rd, Concord, NSW, Australia
| | - Xizi Duo
- From the ‡Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Facility, Mark Wainwright Analytical centre, The University of New South Wales, Australia; §School of Medical Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ming Zeng
- From the ‡Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Facility, Mark Wainwright Analytical centre, The University of New South Wales, Australia; §School of Medical Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Beth Campbell
- From the ‡Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Facility, Mark Wainwright Analytical centre, The University of New South Wales, Australia; §School of Medical Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sean Shin
- From the ‡Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Facility, Mark Wainwright Analytical centre, The University of New South Wales, Australia; §School of Medical Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Raphael Luber
- From the ‡Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Facility, Mark Wainwright Analytical centre, The University of New South Wales, Australia; §School of Medical Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Diane Redmond
- ‖Department of Gastroenterology, Bankstown-Lidcombe Hospital, Eldridge Rd, Bankstown, NSW, Australia
| | - Rupert W L Leong
- §School of Medical Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; ¶Gastroenterology Department, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Hospital Rd, Concord, NSW, Australia; ‖Department of Gastroenterology, Bankstown-Lidcombe Hospital, Eldridge Rd, Bankstown, NSW, Australia
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18
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Bohr J, Wickbom A, Hegedus A, Nyhlin N, Hultgren Hörnquist E, Tysk C. Diagnosis and management of microscopic colitis: current perspectives. Clin Exp Gastroenterol 2014; 7:273-84. [PMID: 25170275 PMCID: PMC4144984 DOI: 10.2147/ceg.s63905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Collagenous colitis and lymphocytic colitis, together constituting microscopic colitis, are common causes of chronic diarrhea. They are characterized clinically by chronic nonbloody diarrhea and a macroscopically normal colonic mucosa where characteristic histopathological findings are seen. Previously considered rare, they now have emerged as common disorders that need to be considered in the investigation of the patient with chronic diarrhea. The annual incidence of each disorder is five to ten per 100,000 inhabitants, with a peak incidence in 60- to 70-year-old individuals and a predominance of female patients in collagenous colitis. The etiology and pathophysiology are not well understood, and the current view suggests an uncontrolled mucosal immune reaction to various luminal agents in predisposed individuals. Clinical symptoms comprise chronic diarrhea, abdominal pain, fatigue, weight loss, and fecal incontinence that may impair the patient's health-related quality of life. An association is reported with other autoimmune disorders, such as celiac disease, thyroid disorders, diabetes mellitus, and arthritis. The best-documented treatment, both short-term and long-term, is budesonide, which induces clinical remission in up to 80% of patients after 8 weeks' treatment. However, after successful budesonide therapy is ended, recurrence of clinical symptoms is common, and the best possible long-term management deserves further study. The long-term prognosis is good, and the risk of complications, including colonic cancer, is low. We present an update of the epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management of microscopic colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Bohr
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden
- School of Health and Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Anna Wickbom
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden
- School of Health and Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Agnes Hegedus
- Department of Laboratory Medicine/Pathology, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Nils Nyhlin
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden
- School of Health and Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | | | - Curt Tysk
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden
- School of Health and Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
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19
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Rabbi MF, Labis B, Metz-Boutigue MH, Bernstein CN, Ghia JE. Catestatin decreases macrophage function in two mouse models of experimental colitis. Biochem Pharmacol 2014; 89:386-98. [PMID: 24637240 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2014.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2013] [Revised: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mucosal inflammation in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by an alteration of prohormone chromogranin A (CgA) production. The recent demonstration of an implication of CgA in collagenous colitis and immune regulation provides a potential link between CgA-derived peptides (catestatin, CTS) and gut inflammation. Colitis was induced by administration of dextran sulfate sodium or 2, 4 dinitrobenzenesulfonic acid to C57BL/6 mice. Treatment with human (h)CTS or its proximal or distal part was started one day before colitis induction and colonic inflammatory markers were determined. Pro-inflammatory cytokines were evaluated in peritoneal isolated and bone marrow derived macrophages (BMDMs); p-STAT3 level was studied. Serum levels of CgA and CTS were assessed in experimental colitis and in a separate study in IBD patients and healthy controls. We show that sera from IBD patients and that in experimental colitis conditions the colonic level of mouse (m)CgA and mCTS are significantly increased. Moreover, in vivo treatment with human (h)CTS reduces the disease onset and suppresses exacerbated inflammatory responses in preclinical settings of colitis associated with an increase of p-STAT3. In vitro, hCTS treatment decreases proinflammatory cytokine release by peritoneal macrophages and BMDMs and increases p-STAT3 levels. These results support the hypothesis that CTS is increased during colitis and that hCTS modulates intestinal inflammation via the macrophage population and through a STAT-3 dependent pathway in a murine model of colitis. Identification of the molecular mechanism underlying the protective role of this peptide may lead to a novel therapeutic option in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad F Rabbi
- University of Manitoba, Department of Immunology, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Benoit Labis
- University of Manitoba, Department of Immunology, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Marie-Hélène Metz-Boutigue
- Université de Strasbourg, Biomatériaux et Ingénierie tissulaire, INSERM U1121, 1 Place de l'Hôpital, 67091 Strasbourg, France
| | - Charles N Bernstein
- University of Manitoba, IBD Clinical and Research Centre and Section of Gastroenterology, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Jean-Eric Ghia
- University of Manitoba, Department of Immunology, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; University of Manitoba, IBD Clinical and Research Centre and Section of Gastroenterology, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
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20
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Storr MA. Microscopic colitis: epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis and current management-an update 2013. ISRN GASTROENTEROLOGY 2013; 2013:352718. [PMID: 23691336 PMCID: PMC3654232 DOI: 10.1155/2013/352718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2013] [Accepted: 03/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Microscopic colitis is a common cause of chronic diarrhea. Over the last years the incidence and the prevalence of microscopic colitis are rising and this rise is largely attributed to a rising awareness, and concomitantly an increasing number of diagnoses are made. Patients with microscopic colitis report watery, nonbloody diarrhea of chronic, intermittent, or chronic recurrent course. Following an unremarkable physical examination the diagnosis of microscopic colitis is made by colonoscopy, which shows essentially a normal colonic mucosa. Biopsies taken during the colonoscopy procedure will then finally establish the correct diagnosis. Histological workup can then confirm a diagnosis of microscopic colitis and can distinguish the two distinct histological forms, namely, collagenous colitis and lymphocytic colitis. Presently both forms are diagnosed and treated in the same way; thus the description of the two forms is not of clinical value, though this may change in future. Depending on the patients age and gender 10-30% of patients investigated for chronic diarrhea will be diagnosed with microscopic colitis if biopsies are taken. Microscopic colitis is most common in older patients, especially in female patients and is frequently associated with autoimmune disorders and the consumption of several drugs. This review summarizes the present knowledge of the epidemiology, the pathophysiology, and the diagnosis of microscopic colitis and discusses the former and the present treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Alexander Storr
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, Campus Grosshadern, Marchioninistr 15, 81377 Munich, Germany
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