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Jabbar Z, Irfan HM, Alamgeer, Ullah A, Mahmoud MH, Batiha GE, Ahsan H, Khan A, Kashtoh H. Trans-Chalcone (1-3-diphenyl-2-propen-1-one) as a Therapeutic Candidate in Joint Inflammation via Reduction of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-17 in Rodents: An In Vivo Study by RT-PCR and ELISA analysis. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:22123-22135. [PMID: 38799342 PMCID: PMC11112584 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c00368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Autoimmune disorders include vast and distinct illnesses and are characterized by an immune system-mediated attack on the body's own tissues. Because of their ability to impact any portion of the body, their clinical symptoms are incredibly varied. The variations in symptoms are normally linked with the release and activation of vasoactive, chemotactic substances and cytokines. Cytokines perform a multitude of vital biological tasks, such as immune response control, inflammation, proliferation, and tissue repair. The reversal of inflammatory cytokines and leukocyte infiltration into the inflamed tissue by natural compounds provides an effective remedy for autoimmune diseases. Here, the oral administration of trans-chalcone (TC) for 28 days was tested with gradually increasing doses (30, 60, and 120 mg/kg) in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)-provoked joint tissue stiffness in rats. Paw edema, arthritic index, joint stiffness, thermal and flexion pain, C-reactive protein, and rheumatoid factor (RF) levels were determined to check the tested drug effectiveness in a chronic inflammatory model. Molecular docking studies revealed strong binding affinity with inflammatory cytokines and mediators such as TNF-α, IL-17, COX-2, and iNOS; further, they were quantified at the mRNA level by RT-PCR and ELISA analysis. Oral administration of TC significantly ameliorated paw edema, thymus and spleen indices, joint stiffness, thermal and flexion pain, C-reactive protein, RF, mobility, and stance of the treated animals. This therapeutic effectiveness was linked with a reduction in the mRNA expression of proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-17. The findings of the reported research confirmed the effectiveness of TC in ameliorating joint stiffness and flexion pain by prominently lowering the inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeeshan Jabbar
- College
of Pharmacy, University of Sargodha, 40100 Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Hafiz M. Irfan
- College
of Pharmacy, University of Sargodha, 40100 Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Alamgeer
- Punjab
University College of Pharmacy, University
of the Punjab, 54000 Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Aman Ullah
- Department
of Pharmacy, Saba Medical Centre, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 20316, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohamed H. Mahmoud
- Department
of Biochemistry, College of science, King
Saud University, 4545 Riyadh, Kingdom
of Saudi Arabia
| | - Gaber E. Batiha
- Department
of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511 AlBeheira, Egypt
| | - Haseeb Ahsan
- College
of Pharmacy, University of Sargodha, 40100 Sargodha, Pakistan
- Division
of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, School
of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Ajmal Khan
- Natural
and Medical Sciences Research Center, University
of Nizwa, Nizwa 616, Oman
| | - Hamdy Kashtoh
- Department
of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Gyeongbuk, Republic
of Korea
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Nazar N, Mehmood MH, Siddique R, Faisal MN. Assessment of antiarthritic potential of Asparagus dumosus using formaldehyde and CFA-induced arthritic models in rats via modulation of oxidative stress biomarkers and mRNA expression of IL-1b, IL-6, RANKL, OPG, TNF-α and COX-2. Inflammopharmacology 2024; 32:825-847. [PMID: 38057565 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-023-01391-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Medicinal plants play a pivotal role in the prevention of chronic non-communicable diseases including arthritis. Despite the traditional use of Asparagus dumosus in arthritis, it has not been studied yet for its effectiveness in arthritis. This study was aimed to explore the antiarthritic potential of A. dumosus in formaldehyde and complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)-induced arthritic rats. Body weight, arthritic index, hepatic oxidative stress, hematological, biochemical and inflammatory markers were assessed using ELISA, whilst qRT-PCR studies were carried out for the mRNA expression of IL-1b, IL-6, RANKL, OPG, TNF-α and COX-2 genes. GCMS and HPLC analysis were performed to identify the secondary metabolites of A. dumosus. From day 8 to 28 post-administration of formaldehyde and CFA, oral administration of A. dumosus (600, 300 and 150 mg/kg) showed a noteworthy improvement (p < 0.001) in the body weights, immune organ weights, serum levels of rheumatoid (RA) factor, C-reactive protein, TNF-α and IL-6 levels in arthritic rats similar to the effect of piroxicam and methotrexate. Subsequently, the administration of A. dumosus to formaldehyde and CFA-challenged rats, caused a marked decrease (p < 0.001) in the mRNA expression of IL-1b, IL-6, OPG, RANKL, TNF-α and COX-2 genes in treated rats. Likewise, when assessed for antioxidant potential, A. dumosus produced a pronounced (p < 0.001) reduction in malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production, whilst a dose-dependent (p < 0.001) increase in catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities was recorded. GCMS profiling of A. dumosus presented benzaldehyde, 3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-, 1-decanol and undecane as plant compositions, whereas HPLC fingerprinting displayed quercetin, benzaldehyde, 3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-, gallic acid and cinnamic acid as plants constituents. These results depict that A. dumosus possesses anti-arthritic effect mediated possibly through attenuation of arthritic indices, chronic inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers along with down-regulation in the mRNA expression of arthritic candid genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nimra Nazar
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Malik Hassan Mehmood
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Rida Siddique
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Naeem Faisal
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Alishba, Ahmed U, Taha M, Khan NA, Salar U, Khan KM, Anwar A, Siddiqui R. Potential anti-amoebic effects of synthetic 1,4-benzothiazine derivatives against Acanthamoeba castellanii. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23258. [PMID: 38205285 PMCID: PMC10776951 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
A rare but lethal central nervous system disease known as granulomatous amoebic encephalitis (GAE) and potentially blinding Acanthamoeba keratitis are diseases caused by free-living Acanthamoeba. Currently, no therapeutic agent can completely eradicate or prevent GAE. Synthetic compounds are a likely source of bioactive compounds for developing new drugs. This study synthesized seventeen 1,4-benzothiazine derivatives (I -XVII) by a base-catalyzed one-pot reaction of 2-amino thiophenol with substituted bromo acetophenones. Different spectroscopic techniques, such as EI-MS, 1H-, and 13C NMR (only for the new compounds), were used for the structural characterization and conformation of compounds. These compounds were assessed for the first time against Acanthamoeba castellanii. All compounds showed anti-amoebic potential in vitro against A. castellanii, reducing its ability to encyst and excyst at 100 μM. Compounds IX, X, and XVI showed the most potent activities among all derivatives and significantly reduced the viability to 5.3 × 104 (p < 0.0003), 2 × 105 (p < 0.006), and 2.4 × 105 (p < 0.002) cells/mL, respectively. The cytotoxicity profile revealed that these molecules showed lower to moderate cytotoxicity, i.e., 36 %, 2 %, and 21 %, respectively, against human keratinocytes in vitro. These results indicate that 1,4-benzothiazines showed potent in vitro activity against trophozoites and cysts of A. castellanii. Hence, these 1,4-benzothiazine derivatives should be considered to develop new potential therapeutic agents against Acanthamoeba infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alishba
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Usman Ahmed
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Taha
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Uzma Salar
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Khalid Mohammed Khan
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
- Pakistan Academy of Sciences, 3-Constitution Avenue G-5/2, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Ayaz Anwar
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ruqaiyyah Siddiqui
- College of Arts and Sciences, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
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Saleem U, Chauhdary Z, Bakhtawar Z, Alqahtani J, Farrukh M, Alsharif I, Baokbah TAS, Shah MA, Blundell R, Panichayupakaranant P. Curcuminoids-enriched extract and its cyclodextrin inclusion complexes ameliorates arthritis in complete Freund's adjuvant-induced arthritic mice via modulation of inflammatory biomarkers and suppression of oxidative stress markers. Inflammopharmacology 2023; 31:3047-3062. [PMID: 37955785 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-023-01370-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Curcuma longa extract and its marker curcuminoids have potential use in inflammatory conditions. However, curcuminoids solubility and bioavailability are major hindrances to their bioactivity. The current study investigated green extraction-based curcuminoids-enriched extract (CRE) prepared from C. longa and its cyclodextrin inclusion complexes, i.e., binary inclusion complexes (BC) and ternary inclusion complexes (TC), in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)-induced mice for their comparative anti-arthritic efficacy. CRE, BC, and TC (2.5 and 5 mg/kg) with the standard drug diclofenac sodium (13.5 mg/kg) were orally administered to mice for 4 weeks. Variations in body weight, hematological and biochemical parameters, along with gene expression analysis of arthritis biomarkers, were studied in animals. The histopathological analysis and radiographic examination of joints were also performed. CRE, BC and TC treatment significantly restored the arthritic index, histopathology and body weight changes. The concentration of C-reactive protein, rheumatoid factor and other liver function parameters were significantly recovered by curcuminoids formulations. The pro-inflammatory cytokines (NF-κB, COX-2, IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α) gene expression was considerably (p < 0.001) downregulated, while on the other side, the anti-inflammatory genes IL-4 and IL-10 were upregulated by the use of CRE and its complexes. The concentration of antioxidant enzymes was considerably (P < 0.001) recovered by CRE, BC and TC with marked decrease in lipid peroxidation, erosion of bone, inflammation of joints and pannus formation in comparison to arthritic control animals. Therefore, it is concluded that green CRE and its cyclodextrin formulations with enhanced solubility could be considered as an applicable therapeutic choice to treat chronic polyarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uzma Saleem
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | - Zunera Chauhdary
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Zunaira Bakhtawar
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Jawaher Alqahtani
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, 11495, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maryam Farrukh
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ifat Alsharif
- Department of Biology, Jamoum University College, Umm Al-Qura University, 21955, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tourki A S Baokbah
- Department of Medical Emergency Services, College of Health Sciences-AlQunfudah, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Ajmal Shah
- Department of Pharmacy, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan.
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat-Yai, 90112, Thailand.
| | - Renald Blundell
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Msida, MSD2080, Malta
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Biobanking, University of Malta, Msida, MSD2080, Malta
| | - Pharkphoom Panichayupakaranant
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat-Yai, 90112, Thailand.
- Phytomedicine and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Excellence Centre, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat-Yai, 90112, Thailand.
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Javed E, Khan HM, Shahzad Q, Shahzad Y, Yasin H, Ul-Haq Z, Manzoor M, Ghori MU, Alanazi AM, Khan AA. Phytochemical characterization and anti-arthritic potential of Croton bonplandianus leaves extract: In-vivo and in-silico approach. Saudi Pharm J 2023; 31:101860. [PMID: 38192284 PMCID: PMC10772243 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2023.101860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Croton bonplandianus, a natural source traditionally used for treating various illnesses, including rheumatoid arthritis, was evaluated in this study. The effects of ethanolic extracts (CBEE) and aqueous fractions (CBAF) of C. bonplandianus leaves on arthritis-induced inflammation were studied using an albino rat model of inflammation induced by Freund's complete adjuvant. Eight test groups (n = 5 per group) and one vehicle control were used to evaluate the antiarthritic effects of different doses of CBEE and CBAF (125 mg.kg-1, 250 mg.kg-1, and 500 mg.kg-1) on days 5, 10, 15, and 20 compared to arthritic and vehicle controls. Arthritis severity was assessed using macroscopic arthritis grading, histological analysis, body weights, and paw thickness. CBEE and CBAF were found to reduce the prevalence of arthritis, increase body weight, and decrease paw inflammation compared to the vehicle control group by the 23rd day. In addition, they showed no effect on biochemical parameters, but a significant difference (p < 0.05) in hematological parameters compared to the arthritic control group. The study identified Hentriacontane compound as a potential contributor to the anti-inflammatory effect of C. bonplandianus, as it showed the lowest dock score for IL-1β and IL-6. Palmitoylethanol amide was identified as a potential contributor to the anti-inflammatory effect of TNF-α. Gene expression of IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α was down-regulated significantly (p < 0.05) in a dose-dependent manner in all treatment groups compared to the arthritic control group. In conclusion, this study validated the anti-arthritic and anti-inflammatory properties of CBEE and CBAF in a time and dose-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erum Javed
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceuticals & Allied Health Sciences, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Humaira Majeed Khan
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceuticals & Allied Health Sciences, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Qumar Shahzad
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceuticals & Allied Health Sciences, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Yasser Shahzad
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
- Center of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Besut Campus, Besut 22200, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Hina Yasin
- Department of pharmacognosy, Dow college of Pharmacy, Dow University of Health Sciences, Ojha campus, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Zaheer Ul-Haq
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Mobina Manzoor
- Punjab University College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | | | - Amer M. Alanazi
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Azmat Ali Khan
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Dar E, Mobashar A, Shabbir A, Mushtaq MN, Anjum I, Z. Gaafar AR, Nafidi HA, Bourhia M. Mechanistic Evaluation of Antiarthritic Effects of Citronellol in CFA-Induced Arthritic Rats. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:44955-44963. [PMID: 38046326 PMCID: PMC10688163 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c06374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease characterized by systemic inflammation, joint tissue damage, pain, and synovitis. It leads to deformity of joints, disability, and even premature death. Markers of inflammation are highly expressed in synovium fluid and serum of arthritic patients and play an important role in the pathophysiology of RA. These transcription factors promote the fabrication of type I interferons and inflammatory cytokines. In RA, degradation of synovial cartilage and bone results from stimulation of proinflammatory cytokines. Citronellol (Ct), a monoterpene alcohol, is found in citrus fruits and essential oils of many aromatic plants. It possesses numerous pharmacological properties such as antioxidant activity and potential antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects. Keeping in view the significant anti-inflammatory role of Ct, a trial of 28 days was conducted. Ct was administered orally at three different doses (25, 50, and 100) mg/kg in Freund's adjuvant-induced arthritic rats, and the results were compared with piroxicam, chosen as the standard drug. The antiarthritic activity of the compound was evaluated through measurements of arthritic scoring and plethysmometry before and after treatment. The blood biochemical and hematological parameters and histopathological analyses were performed. Additionally, qPCR was conducted to analyze the mRNA expression levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, NF-κB, MMP3, IL-6, and IL-4 in the blood. ELISA was performed to evaluate the levels of PGE2. The results demonstrated that Ct showed significant results at all doses, but the highest dose proved to be most significant in terms of decreasing arthritic scoring and paw edema, indicating the antiarthritic potential of Ct. Furthermore, the compound was found to downregulate all the proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, NF-κB, MMP3, and IL-6) and upregulate the anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-4). The levels of PGE2 were also reduced which further supported the antiarthritic effects of Ct and validated it as a potential antiarthritic candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eshwa Dar
- Department
of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The
University of Lahore, Lahore 55150, Pakistan
| | - Aisha Mobashar
- Department
of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The
University of Lahore, Lahore 55150, Pakistan
| | - Arham Shabbir
- Department
of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical
and Allied Health Sciences, Lahore College
for Women University, Jail Road, 54000 Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Naveed Mushtaq
- Department
of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The
University of Lahore, Lahore 55150, Pakistan
| | - Irfan Anjum
- Department
of Basic Medical Sciences, Shifa College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Abdel-Rhman Z. Gaafar
- Department
of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 11451, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hiba-Allah Nafidi
- Department
of Food Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Laval University, 2325, Quebec City, Quebec G1 V 0A6, Canada
| | - Mohammed Bourhia
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ibn Zohr University, Laayoune 70000, Morocco
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Sattar S, Shabbir A, Shahzad M, Akhtar T, Anjum SM, Bourhia M, Nafidi HA, Bin Jardan YA, Dauelbait M, Mobashar A. Evaluation of anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory potential of Lawsone (2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone) using pre-clinical rodent model of rheumatoid arthritis. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1279215. [PMID: 37900171 PMCID: PMC10603269 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1279215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Lawsone (2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone) is naturally present in Lawsonia Inermis and flowers of Eicchornia crassipes. This study assessed the anti-arthritic potential of Lawsone, using FCA-induced Sprague-Dawley rats. Methods: Arthritic progress was analyzed through a macroscopic scoring scale, measurement of paw edema, and histopathological changes. Effects of Lawsone on mRNA expression levels of inflammatory markers were examined using the reverse transcription PCR technique. ELISA technique was used to evaluate the PGE2 levels. Moreover, levels of biochemical and hematological parameters were also analyzed. Results: The research elucidated that Lawsone showed an inhibitory potential towards arthritic progress and ameliorated the paw edema. The histopathological analysis also validated the inhibition in arthritic development. Treatment with Lawosne reduced the expression levels of inflammatory markers in rats i.e., VEGF, TNF-α, MMP-2, MMP-3, NF-κB, IL-1β, and IL-6. PGE2 levels (all p < 0.001) were also found reduced in treatment groups. Lab investigations showed improved results of hematological and hepatic parameters in the treated groups as compared to the positive control. This study found no hepatotoxic or nephrotoxic effects of Lawsone in the test doses. Conclusion: Lawsone possesses an anti-arthritic property which could be ascribed to its immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Sattar
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Lahore Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Arham Shabbir
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Lahore Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical and Allied Health Sciences, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shahzad
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Tasleem Akhtar
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Syed Muneeb Anjum
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Mohammed Bourhia
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ibn Zohr University, Laayoune, Morocco
| | - Hiba-Allah Nafidi
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Laval University, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - Yousef A. Bin Jardan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Musaab Dauelbait
- Department of Scientific Translation, Faculty of Translation, University of Bahri, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Aisha Mobashar
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Lahore Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
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Sattar S, Shabbir A, Shahzad M, Akhtar T, Ahmad A, Alnasser SM, Riaz B, Karimullah S, Ahmad A. Eichhornia crassipes Ameliorated Rheumatoid Arthritis by Modulating Inflammatory Cytokines and Metalloproteinase Enzymes in a Rat Model. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:1594. [PMID: 37763713 PMCID: PMC10534300 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59091594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: This study was planned to investigate the anti-arthritic property of flowers of E. crassipes in a Sprague-Dawley rat model by administering Freund's Complete Adjuvant (FCA). Materials and Methods: Arthritis was induced at day 0 in all rats except negative controls, while arthritic progress and paw edema were analyzed on specific days (8th, 13th, 18th, and 23rd) via the macroscopic arthritic scale and a digital Vernier caliper, respectively. Histopathological parameters were examined using a Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) staining method. Blood samples were withdrawn from rats to investigate the effects of the E. crassipes flower on the mRNA expression values of inflammatory markers, via a reverse transcription PCR technique. Serum samples were used to determine prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) levels using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Values of alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatinine, and urea, besides hematological parameters, i.e., the hemoglobin (Hb) content and complete blood count (CBC), were investigated. Results: The data showed that E. crassipes inhibited the arthritic progress and ameliorated the paw edema. The amelioration of parameters assessed via the histopathological analysis of ankle joints, as well as via hematological analysis, confirmed the diminution of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in the plant-treated groups. Treatment with E. crassipes inhibited the expression levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukins (IL-1β and IL-6), nuclear factor KappaB (NF-κB), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-2 and MMP-3), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Serum PGE2 levels were also found to be reduced in treatment groups. A biochemical investigation revealed the improvements in hepatic markers in plant-treated groups. The data indicated that the plant has no hepatotoxic or nephrotoxic effects at the studied dose. GC-MS (Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry) analysis displayed the presence of phytochemicals having known anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Conclusions: Therefore, it may be concluded that E. crassipes possesses anti-arthritic characteristics that could be attributed to the modulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, MMPs, and PGE2 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Sattar
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Defence Road Campus, Lahore 54000, Pakistan;
| | - Arham Shabbir
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Defence Road Campus, Lahore 54000, Pakistan;
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical and Allied Health Sciences, Lahore College for Women University, Jail-Road, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shahzad
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; (M.S.); (T.A.)
| | - Tasleem Akhtar
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; (M.S.); (T.A.)
| | - Arfan Ahmad
- University Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan;
| | - Sulaiman Mohammed Alnasser
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Unaizah College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah 52571, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Bushra Riaz
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, University of Hafr Al Batin, Hafar Al Batin 39524, Saudi Arabia; (B.R.); (S.K.); (A.A.)
| | - Shaik Karimullah
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, University of Hafr Al Batin, Hafar Al Batin 39524, Saudi Arabia; (B.R.); (S.K.); (A.A.)
| | - Ashfaq Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, University of Hafr Al Batin, Hafar Al Batin 39524, Saudi Arabia; (B.R.); (S.K.); (A.A.)
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9
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Mashaal K, Shabbir A, Khan MA, Hameed H, Shahzad M, Irfan A, Shazly GA, Mobashar A, Akhtar T, Shaheryar ZA, Bin Jardan YA. Anti-Arthritic and Immunomodulatory Potential of Methanolic, n-Hexane, and Ethyl Acetate Fractions of Bark of Acacia modesta on Complete Freund's Adjuvant-Induced Arthritis in Rats. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2228. [PMID: 37765197 PMCID: PMC10536206 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15092228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disorder and topic of interest for researchers due to its increasing frequency and limited treatment. Acacia modesta Wall is known to treat rheumatic disorders in the traditional system of medicinal plants. Traditional medicines are still required for the treatment of this disease due to the large number of side-effects caused by commercial medicines. In the current study, the antiarthritic potential of methanolic extract (AM-metha), n-hexane (AM-hexa) fraction, and ethyl acetate (AM-etha) fraction of the bark of A. modesta against a complete Freund's adjuvant rat model was evaluated. Evaluation using a digital plethysmometer, macroscopic evaluation, and histopathological evaluation were conducted to determine the paw volume and arthritic scoring. ELISA was performed to assess the PGE2 levels. RT-PCR was used to evaluate the expression levels of MMP2, MMP3, MMP9, NF-κB, IL6, IL1β, TNFα, and VEGF. Biochemical and hematological analyses were also conducted. GC/MS was also carried out to analyze the presence of medicinal compounds. The data revealed a marked reduction in the paw volume, arthritic scoring, and histopathological parameters, indicating the anti-arthritic potential of the plant. Treatment with plant extracts and fractions markedly down-regulated MMP2, MMP3, MMP9, NF-κB, IL6, IL1β, TNFα, and VEGF levels. Similarly, PGE2 levels were also found to be ameliorated in the treatment groups, indicating the immunomodulatory property of plant bark. Plant treatment nearly normalized hematological parameters such as counts of WBCs, RBCs, and platelets, along with Hb content, thereby validating the anti-arthritic activity. GC/MS analysis disclosed the presence of strong anti-inflammatory compounds such as lupeol, oleic acid, and squalene. The study showed that A. modesta possesses anti-arthritic and immunomodulatory potential linked to significant down-regulation of pro-inflammatory and inflammatory biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Mashaal
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Arham Shabbir
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical and Allied Health Sciences, Lahore College for Women University, Jail Road, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Mahtab Ahmad Khan
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Central Punjab (UCP), Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Huma Hameed
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Central Punjab (UCP), Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shahzad
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Ali Irfan
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan;
| | - Gamal A. Shazly
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aisha Mobashar
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Tasleem Akhtar
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Zaib Ali Shaheryar
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Yousef A. Bin Jardan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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10
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Nawaz I, Tahir A, Iqbal SM, Anjum F, Naseem M, Aslam MI, Hussain M, Jamil QA, Shirazi JH, Jamil Q. Anti-inflammatory, anti-nociceptive and anti-pyretic activities of Cenchrus ciliaris L. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 309:116332. [PMID: 36868441 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cenchrus ciliaris L. belongs to the family Poaceae and is found all over the world. It is native to the Cholistan desert of Pakistan where it is locally known as 'Dhaman'. Owing to high nutritional value, C. ciliaris is used as fodder while seeds are used for bread making which are consumed by locals. It also possesses medicinal value and is extensively employed to treat pain, inflammation, urinary tract infection, and tumors. AIM OF STUDY Studies on the pharmacological activities of C. ciliaris are scarce in spite of its several traditional uses. To the best of our knowledge, no comprehensive study has been conducted on anti-inflammatory, analgesic and anti-pyretic activity of C. ciliaris until now. Here we employed an integrative phytochemical and in - vivo framework to evaluate the potential biological activities of C. ciliaris against inflammation, nociception and pyrexia experimentally induced in rodents. MATERIAL AND METHODS C. ciliaris was collected from the desert of Cholistan, Bahawalpur, Pakistan. Phytochemical profiling of C. ciliaris was done by employing GC-MS analysis. Anti-inflammatory activity of plant extract was initially determined by various in - vitro assays including albumin denaturation assay and RBC membrane stabilization assays. Finally, rodents were utilized to evaluate in - vivo anti-inflammatory, antipyretic and anti-nociceptive activities. RESULTS Our data revealed the presence of 67 phytochemicals in methanolic extract of C. ciliaris. The methanolic extract of C. ciliaris provided RBC membrane stabilization by 65.89 ± 0.32% and protection against albumin denaturation by 71.91 ± 3.42% at 1 mg/ml concentration. In in - vivo acute inflammatory models, C. ciliaris exhibited 70.33 ± 1.03, 62.09 ± 8.98, 70.24 ± 0.95% anti-inflammatory activity at concentration of 300 mg/ml against carrageenan, histamine and serotonin induced inflammation. In CFA induced arthritis, inhibition of inflammation was found to be 48.85 ± 5.11% at 300 mg/ml dose after 28 days of treatment. In anti-nociceptive assays C. ciliaris exhibited significant analgesic activity in both peripheral and centrally mediated pain. The C. ciliaris also reduced the temperature by 75.26 ± 1.41% in yeast induced pyrexia. CONCLUSION C. ciliaris exhibited anti-inflammatory effect against acute and chronic inflammation. It also showed significant anti-nociceptive and anti-pyretic activity which endorses its traditional use in the management of pain and inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iqra Nawaz
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan.
| | - Ayma Tahir
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan.
| | - Shahid Muhammad Iqbal
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan.
| | - Fayyaz Anjum
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan.
| | - Mahrukh Naseem
- Department of Zoology, University of Balochistan, Quetta, 87550, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Irfan Aslam
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan.
| | - Musaddique Hussain
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan.
| | - Qazi Adnan Jamil
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan.
| | - Jafir Hussain Shirazi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan.
| | - QurratUlAin Jamil
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan.
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11
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Hina S, Zaib S, Uroos M, Zia-ur-Rehman M, Munir R, Riaz H, Syed Q, Abidi SHI. N-Arylacetamide derivatives of methyl 1,2-benzothiazine-3-carboxylate as potential drug candidates for urease inhibition. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2023; 10:230104. [PMID: 37035287 PMCID: PMC10073911 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.230104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Urease enzyme is an infectious factor that provokes the growth and colonization of virulence pathogenic bacteria in humans. To overcome the deleterious effects of bacterial infections, inhibition of urease enzyme is one of the promising approaches. The current study is designed to synthesize new 1,2-benzothiazine-N-arylacetamide derivatives 5(a-n) that can effectively provide a new drug candidate to avoid bacterial infections by urease inhibition. After structural elucidation by FT-IR, proton and carbon-13 NMR and mass spectroscopy, the synthesized compounds 5(a-n) were investigated to evaluate their inhibitory potential against urease enzyme. In vitro analysis against positive control of thiourea indicated that all the synthesized compounds have strong inhibitory strengths as compared to the reference drug. Compound 5k, being the most potent inhibitor, strongly inhibited the urease enzymes and revealed an IC50 value of 9.8 ± 0.023 µM when compared with the IC50 of thiourea (22.3 ± 0.031 µM)-a far more robust inhibitory potential. Docking studies of 5k within the urease active site revealed various significant interactions such as H-bond, π-alkyl with amino acid residues like Val744, Lys716, Ala16, Glu7452, Ala37 and Asp730.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajila Hina
- Centre for Research in Ionic Liquids, School of Chemistry, University of the Punjab, Quaid e Azam Campus, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
- Applied Chemistry Research Centre, PCSIR Laboratories Complex, Lahore 54600, Pakistan
| | - Sumera Zaib
- Department of Basic and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Maliha Uroos
- Centre for Research in Ionic Liquids, School of Chemistry, University of the Punjab, Quaid e Azam Campus, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | | | - Rubina Munir
- Department of Chemistry, Kinnaird College for Women, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Huma Riaz
- Department of Basic and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Quratulain Syed
- Applied Chemistry Research Centre, PCSIR Laboratories Complex, Lahore 54600, Pakistan
| | - Syed Hussain Imam Abidi
- Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, 01-Constitution Avenue, G-5/2, Islamabad 44050, Pakistan
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12
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Israr M, Naseem N, Akhtar T, Aftab U, Zafar MS, Faheem MA, Shahzad M. Nimbolide attenuates complete Freund's adjuvant induced arthritis through expression regulation of toll-like receptors signaling pathway. Phytother Res 2023; 37:903-912. [PMID: 36437579 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Nimbolide is an active constituent of Azadirachta indica and is known for its anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, immune-modulatory, and anti-cancer effects. Few studies suggest that nimbolide treatment influences the responses to rheumatoid arthritis, but the underlying molecular mechanisms involved are not yet well established. Therefore, the present study was designed to determine the effect of nimbolide on expression regulation of toll-like receptors to attenuate rheumatoid arthritis. The rheumatoid arthritis model was established by injecting complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) intra-dermally into the sub-plantar region of the left hind paw of rats. Nimbolide (20 mg/kg) and piroxicam (10 mg/kg) were given to arthritic rats. Rats treated with nimbolide showed a significant reduction in inflammatory cells, rheumatoid factor, ESR, and improved the body weight. The results indicated that nimbolide possesses the capacity to attenuate rheumatoid arthritis by downregulating toll-like receptors, IL-17, IL-23, HSP70, and IFN-γ expression levels. Nimbolide treatment showed significant reduction in the severity of inflammation and destruction of joints and showed comparable effects to piroxicam, which is a standard non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. It can be concluded that nimbolide can be considered as a potential candidate for therapeutic targeting of the toll-like receptors pathway in rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maham Israr
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Nadia Naseem
- Department of Morbid Anatomy and Histopathology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Tasleem Akhtar
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Usman Aftab
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | | | - Muhammad Shahzad
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
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13
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Akhter S, Irfan HM, Alamgeer, Ullah A, Jahan S, Roman M, Latif MB, Mustafa Z, Almutairi FM, Althobaiti YS. Noscapine hydrochloride (benzyl-isoquinoline alkaloid) effectively prevents protein denaturation through reduction of IL-6, NF-kB, COX-2, Prostaglandin-E2 in rheumatic rats. Saudi Pharm J 2022; 30:1791-1801. [PMID: 36601515 PMCID: PMC9805980 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2022.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Noscapine hydrochloride (benzyl-isoquinoline antitussive alkaloid) is an opium derivative and generally used as a cough suppressant. Numerous studies on noscapine hydrochloride have reported that it has potent anti-inflammatory activity. However, the mechanisms by which it exerts an anti-inflammatory function is not well understood. Protein denaturation is the primary step that leads to the organ destruction and permanent arthritic disability. The above-mentioned facts provided the ground to plan this study using different in-vitro and in-vivo approaches. RT-qPCR and ELISA assays were used to assess the inflammatory markers related to protein denaturation in complete adjuvant persuaded rheumatism in Sprague - Dawley rats. The results were collected as paw volume and body weight changes, arthritic scoring and serum antioxidant enzymes assays. These findings demonstrated that all doses of noscapine hydrochloride (10, 20 and 40 mg/kg) studied in this study, significantly (p < 0.001) decreased the protein denaturation by preventing the increase in levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), nuclear factor-kB (NF-kB), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and prostaglandin E2. Noscapine hydrochloride significantly reduced the paw volume (p < 0.001), arthritic scoring and reversed the body mass as compared to arthritic control diseased rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanila Akhter
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 40100, Pakistan
| | - Hafiz Muhammad Irfan
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 40100, Pakistan,Corresponding authors at: Department of Clinical Laboratories Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hafr AlBatin, Hafr AlBatin 39524, Eastern Provine, Saudi Arabia. (F.M. Almutairi).
| | - Alamgeer
- Department of Pharmacology, Punjab University College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan
| | - Aman Ullah
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Shah Jahan
- Department of Immunology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, 54600, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Roman
- Department of Immunology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, 54600, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Bilal Latif
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, 30322, USA
| | - Zaid Mustafa
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Allama Iqbal Open University Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Farooq M. Almutairi
- Department of Clinical Laboratories Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hafr AlBatin, Hafr AlBatin, 39524, Saudi Arabia,Corresponding authors at: Department of Clinical Laboratories Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hafr AlBatin, Hafr AlBatin 39524, Eastern Provine, Saudi Arabia. (F.M. Almutairi).
| | - Yusuf S. Althobaiti
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, 21944, Saudi Arabia,Addiction and Neuroscience Research Unit, Taif University, 21944, Saudi Arabia
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14
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Mahore A, Kamboj P, Kaleem M, Amir M. Therapeutic management of arthritis: A review on structural and target‐based approaches. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2022; 355:e2200182. [DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202200182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Mahore
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research New Delhi India
| | - Payal Kamboj
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research New Delhi India
| | - Mohammad Kaleem
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research New Delhi India
| | - Mohammad Amir
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research New Delhi India
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15
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Jabeen Q, Haider SI, Asif A, Rasheed R, Gul S, Arshad S. Geranium wallichianum D. Don Ex Sweet Ameliorates Rheumatoid Arthritis by Curtailing the Expression of COX-II and Inflammatory Cytokines as Well as by Alleviating the Oxidative Stress. Dose Response 2022; 20:15593258221112649. [PMID: 35832768 PMCID: PMC9272483 DOI: 10.1177/15593258221112649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Geranium wallichianum D. Don ex sweet traditionally been used as
home remedy for backaches, joint pain, colic, and rheumatism. The objective of
this study was to investigate the therapeutic benefits of plant in an
adjuvant-induced arthritis paradigm. Immune-mediated rheumatoid arthritis was
developed by injecting complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA) into the hind paws of
rats and the aqueous methanolic crude extract was administered. The animals were
physically monitored for changes in paw edema size and arthritic score.
Hematological parameters and systemic inflammatory indicators evaluated. Genetic
expressions of tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), interleukins (IL-1β, IL-6),
necrosis factor (NF-κB), and cyclooxygenase (COX-II) enzyme were studied using
real-time qPCR. PGE2 levels in blood were quantified through Enzyme Linked
Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). On the 14th day, Immunoglobulin E (IGE) exhibited a
substantial decline in paw edema and arthritic score. At the doses of 500 mg/Kg
(P ≤ .05) and 1000 mg/Kg (P ≤ .001), IGE
significantly reduced TNF-α, interleukins, and COX-II mRNA expression. IGE
significantly lowered the MDA levels at the doses of 500 and 1000 mg/Kg (13.18 ±
.70 and 9.04 ± .26 μM/L respectively) as compared to arthritic control (30.82 ±
1.12 μM/L) group. IGE significantly improved the antioxidant enzyme activities
of CAT and SOD (P ≤ .001) in treated animals. TNF-α,
interleukins, and COX-II mRNA expression were also significantly reduced at the
doses of 300 (P ≤ .05), 500 (P ≤ .01) and
1000 mg/Kg (P ≤ .001) which were expressed as fold changes.
This study shows that Geranium wallichianum D. Don ex sweet has
a strong potential to alleviate immune-mediated arthritis by lowering oxidative
stress and downregulating the proinflammatory cytokines signaling
mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qaiser Jabeen
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Syed Ihtisham Haider
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan.,Department of Pharmacology, Nawaz Sharif Medical College, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Pakistan
| | - Awais Asif
- Department of Biochemistry, Nawaz Sharif Medical College, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Pakistan
| | - Rubina Rasheed
- Department of Biochemistry, Nawaz Sharif Medical College, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Pakistan
| | - Shaheen Gul
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Shafia Arshad
- University College of Conventional Medicines, Faculty of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
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16
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Ngoc Binh V, Adorisio S, Delfino DV, Ngo QA. New 1,4-Dihydropyrazolo[4,3- b]indoles Induce Antiproliferation of Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells and Inhibition of Selective Inflammatory Cytokines. Nat Prod Commun 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x221105692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Research on multitargeting drugs is emerging, focusing on the discovery of agents that simultaneously act on more than one biological target. Here, a novel synthetic route to access the fused-heterocycles 1,4-dihydropyrazolo[4,3- b]indoles (4) from pyrazolo[4,3- c][2,1]benzothiazine 4,4-dioxide (3) via [H2O–SO2] elimination and an intramolecular ring-closing reaction is reported. Two lead compounds 3b and 4b were found to show significant inhibition of cell growth by suppressing cell cycle progression at the G0/G1 phases and inducing apoptosis of the acute myeloid leukemia OCI-AML3 cell line. Both compounds also significantly decreased tumor necrosis factor-α and transforming growth factor-β (at all tested concentrations), whereas no effect was seen on other cytokines (interleukin-4, interferon-γ, interleukin-9, interleukin-12). Thus, these compounds are promising leads in the discovery of novel anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vo Ngoc Binh
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Institute of Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Sabrina Adorisio
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Foligno Nursing School and Section of Pharmacology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Domenico V. Delfino
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Foligno Nursing School and Section of Pharmacology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Quoc Anh Ngo
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Institute of Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
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17
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Yacoub AS, Ammar HO, Ibrahim M, Mansour SM, El Hoffy NM. Artificial intelligence-assisted development of in situ forming nanoparticles for arthritis therapy via intra-articular delivery. Drug Deliv 2022; 29:1423-1436. [PMID: 35532141 PMCID: PMC9128554 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2022.2069882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Intra-articular (IA) injection is grasping much interest due to the poor drug bioavailability at the targeted site of action which minimizes the effect of the orally administered moiety. Based on the integral role of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in the treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA), much effort is exerted to develop novel localized drug delivery systems to increase their bioavailability and minimize their side effects. Artificial intelligence (AI) is acquiring an increasing role in the design of experiments being an effective tool for saving both time and resources. Hence, the aim of this work was to develop, characterize and optimize targeted in-situ forming nano particles (ISNs) for IA delivery of piroxicam using Design® Expert as an AI-based application where a 33 full factorial experimental design was adopted. Morphological investigation, injectability, rheological studies, Fourier Transform Infrared Radiation (FTIR) as well as biological, histopathological, and biochemical examinations were performed to evaluate the optimized-ISNs. The optimized formulation, exhibiting a nano-sized particle size with a dense core, showed significant improvement in the histopathological findings compared to both the oral solution and the placebo. Additionally, the once-a-week IA administration of the optimized-ISNs proved a significant reduction in the protein expression of both STAT-3 and RANKL and the levels of anti-CCP and MCP-1 by almost 54 and 73%, respectively, coupled with a marked decline in the content of IL-17, MMP-3, NF-κB and TNF-α as compared to the positive control. In conclusion, the use of ISNs for intra-articular injection has demonstrated their effectiveness in piroxicam delivery for RA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed S Yacoub
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Future University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hussein O Ammar
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Future University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Magdy Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Suzan M Mansour
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.,Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Future University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nada M El Hoffy
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Future University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
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18
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Haider SI, Asif A, Rasheed HMF, Akram A, Jabeen Q. Caralluma tuberculata exhibits analgesic and anti-arthritic potential by downregulating pro-inflammatory cytokines and attenuating oxidative stress. Inflammopharmacology 2022; 30:621-638. [PMID: 35257282 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-022-00949-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Caralluma tuberculata N.E. Brown (Common name: Chongan), belonging to the family Asclepiadaceae is distributed widely in hilly areas of Dir, Swat, Kohat and in plain lands of Punjab, Pakistan. The plant has been used as a source of vegetable as well as home remedy for headache, muscle spasms and rheumatism. The present study was proposed to investigate the analgesic, anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic potential of the aqueous methanolic extract of C. tuberculata (ICE). The dried shoots of plant were used to prepare aqueous methanolic extract (30:70) by 3 days thrice maceration and filtration followed by evaporation under reduced pressure. ICE was screened for the presence of phytochemicals using preliminary phytochemical analysis and HPLC. The antioxidant potential was evaluated through DPPH assay. Analgesic potential of ICE was studied using hot plate and tail immersion methods, and anti-inflammatory activity was performed using turpentine oil and carrageenan-induced inflammation models, in wistar albino rats. Formaldehyde-induced and Complete Freund's Adjuvant-induced arthritis models were used for the assessment of anti-arthritic activity of ICE and its effects on serum levels of PGE-2 as well as gene expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines were studied. ICE displayed a dose-dependent (300-1000 mg/Kg p.o.) analgesic effect in hot plate (maximum retention time of 10.87 and 13 s) and tail immersion (response time of 11 and 13.64 s) tests at the doses of 500 and 1000 mg/Kg, respectively. The extract exhibited a significant decrease in paw inflammation of rats at the doses of 500 and 1000 mg/Kg as compared to the disease control group. ICE also exhibited a remarkable decline in arthritic score and a dose-dependent drop in serum levels of prostaglandin E2. There was a significant suppression in the expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, NF-κB and cyclooxygenase enzyme in treatment groups. This study concludes that Caralluma tuberculata exhibits strong analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-arthritic activities thus upholding the vernacular use of the plant for pain and rheumatism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Ihtisham Haider
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan. .,Nawaz Sharif Medical College, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Pakistan.
| | - Awais Asif
- Nawaz Sharif Medical College, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Pakistan
| | - Hafiz Muhammad Farhan Rasheed
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan.,Drugs Testing Laboratory, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Adnan Akram
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Qaiser Jabeen
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
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Farrukh M, Saleem U, Qasim M, Manan M, Shah MA. Sarcococca saligna extract attenuates formaldehyde-induced arthritis in Wistar rats via modulation of pro-inflammatory and inflammatory biomarkers. Inflammopharmacology 2022; 30:579-597. [PMID: 35218463 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-022-00929-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Sarcococca saligna plant is commonly used as traditional therapy for arthritis especially in Asian countries. The current study is designed to explore the anti-arthritic potential of S. saligna aqueous methanolic extract (SSME). Preliminary proximate study and HPLC analysis were performed to investigate the phytochemical characterization and quality control. The safety of the SSME was evaluated by performing an acute oral toxicity study (OECD guidelines 425). The anti-arthritic potential of SSME was explored by in vivo formaldehyde-induced arthritis model. The antiarthritic effect of the SSME was determined through paw diameter, arthritic index, body weight, biochemical and haematological parameters. Radiographic and histopathological studies were also carried out to evaluate the results. qRT-PCR was performed to determine the upregulation and downregulation of anti- and pro-inflammatory cytokines in rats while ELISA was done to determine the concentration of HSP-70, IL-6 and TNF-α in the serum. Results of acute oral toxicity showed no abnormality and mortality. There was no noticeable change in haematological and biochemical parameters. Histopathological examination exhibited the normal structure of vital organs. So, SSME might be safe at a 2000 mg/kg dose, proposing that LD50 was higher than 2000 mg/kg body weight. Gallic acid, catechin, hydroxyl benzoic acid, sinapic acid, caffeic acid, ferulic acid and p-cumaric acid were identified by HPLC. The outcomes of in vivo formaldehyde-induced arthritic model showed that SSME significantly reduced paw inflammation and arthritic index and improved haematological and biochemical parameters. Moreover, the SSME influentially down-regulated the gene expression of IL-1β, IL-6, COX-2, PGE2, TNF-α and NF-κB, and up-regulated the expression of IL-4, and IL-10. The results of the undertaken study suggest that S. saligna have strong anti-arthritic activity supporting its conventional application as the remedy of rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Farrukh
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Uzma Saleem
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Qasim
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Maria Manan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ajmal Shah
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
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Nerolidol: a potential approach in rheumatoid arthritis through reduction of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, NF-kB, COX-2 and antioxidant effect in CFA-induced arthritic model. Inflammopharmacology 2022; 30:537-548. [PMID: 35212850 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-022-00930-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis is primarily associated with inflammation and increased level of proinflammatory cytokines which are released by immune cells, macrophages or activation of arachidonic acid metabolism. The expression of these cytokines, oxidative free radicals and the activation of COX-2 enzymes are crucial targets for chronic inflammation. On the basis of established anti-inflammatory efficacy of nerolidol, the primary study was further appraised to determine its approach against Freund's complete adjuvant (CFA) rheumatoid model. Arthritis was induced by inoculation of 0.1 mL CFA injection into the left hind footpad of rats. Anti-arthritic potential of nerolidol (at 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg doses) was assessed by measuring the paw volume, body weight, serum analysis, histopathological and radiographs of ankle joints. Expressions of cytokine's panels such as IL-10, IL-4, COX-2, NF-kB, TNF-α, IL-6, PGE-2 and IL-1β were determined by real-time qPCR. Antioxidant enzyme analyses were conducted by measuring the SOD, POD and catalase activity from serum and equated with arthritic control group. Nerolidol prevented body weight loss, stabilized biochemical and haematological homeostasis and significantly reduced the paw volume. Furthermore, X-ray and histopathological assessment of ankle joints showed an improvement in the joint structure of rats treated with nerolidol. Besides that, overexpression of gene pointers like TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, NF-kB, PGE-2 and COX-2 in CFA-treated control rats were also reversed with nerolidol. This anti-arthritic mechanism was further supported by the increased level of IL-10, IL-4 and serum antioxidant activity. The present findings demonstrate that nerolidol reduced adjuvant arthritis by downregulating the proinflammatory cytokines and upregulating the aforementioned anti-inflammatory cytokines and may be used as a therapeutic substance for the management of human rheumatoid arthritis.
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Identification of Cyclic Sulfonamides with an N-Arylacetamide Group as α-Glucosidase and α-Amylase Inhibitors: Biological Evaluation and Molecular Modeling. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15010106. [PMID: 35056163 PMCID: PMC8777765 DOI: 10.3390/ph15010106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM), a complicated metabolic disorder, is due to insensitivity to insulin function or reduction in insulin secretion, which results in postprandial hyperglycemia. α-Glucosidase inhibitors (AGIs) and α-amylase inhibitors (AAIs) block the function of digestive enzymes, which delays the carbohydrate hydrolysis process and ultimately helps to control the postprandial hyperglycemia. Diversified 2-(3-(3-methoxybenzoyl)-4-hydroxy-1,1-dioxido-2H-benzo[e][1,2]thiazin-2-yl)-N-arylacetamides were synthesized and evaluated for their in vitro inhibitory potential against α-glucosidase and α-amylase enzymes. The compounds with chloro, bromo and methyl substituents demonstrated good inhibition of α-glucosidase enzymes having IC50 values in the range of 25.88–46.25 μM, which are less than the standard drug, acarbose (IC50 = 58.8 μM). Similarly, some derivatives having chloro, bromo and nitro substituents were observed potent inhibitors of α-amylase enzyme, with IC50 values of 7.52 to 15.06 μM, lower than acarbose (IC50 = 17.0 μM). In addition, the most potent compound, N-(4-bromophenyl)-2-(4-hydroxy-3-(3-methoxybenzoyl)-1,1-dioxido-2H-benzo[e][1,2]thiazin-2-yl)acetamide (12i), was found to be a non-competitive and competitive inhibitor of α-glucosidase and α-amylase enzymes, respectively, during kinetic studies. The molecular docking studies provided the binding modes of active compounds and the molecular dynamics simulation studies of compound 12i in complex with α-amylase also showed that the compound is binding in a fashion similar to that predicted by molecular docking studies.
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Anti-arthritic activity of Tin oxide-Chitosan-Polyethylene glycol carvacrol nanoparticles against Freund’s adjuvant induced arthritic rat model via the inhibition of cyclooxygenase‑2 and prostaglandin E2. ARAB J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2021.103293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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Zhang F, Liu Z, He X, Li Z, Shi B, Cai F. β-Sitosterol-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles ameliorate complete Freund's adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats: involvement of NF-кB and HO-1/Nrf-2 pathway. Drug Deliv 2021; 27:1329-1341. [PMID: 32945205 PMCID: PMC7534215 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2020.1818883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), autoimmune disease that is categorized via chronic
inflammation manifestation, obesity, cardiovascular risk and even enhanced the mortality
and affect the 0.3 and 1% of population worldwide. The current experimental study was
scrutinize the anti-arthritic effect of β-sitosterol loaded solid lipid nanoparticles
(SLN) against complete Fruend adjuvant (CFA)-induced arthritis via dual pathway. Double
emulsion solvent displacement method was used for the preparation of β-sitosterol solid
lipid nanoparticles (SLN). CFA was used to induce arthritis and rats were divided into
different groups for 28 days. Biochemical, anti-inflammatory, pro-inflammatory cytokines
and inflammatory mediator were estimated, respectively. Receptor activator of nuclear
factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL), signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT3)
nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2 (Nrf2), Heme Oxygenase-1(HO-1) and
Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) expression were estimated. β-sitosterol-SLN significantly
(p < .001) reduced the paw edema, arthritic index and
increased the body weight. β-sitosterol-SLN increased the redox status of synovium {reduce
the malonaldehyde (MDA) and increase superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH) and
catalase (CAT)} level and reduced the cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α),
interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-2, interleukin-6, interleukin-16, interleukin-17 and
increased level of interleukin-10, Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β).
β-sitosterol-SLN significantly (p < .001) reduced the
level of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), vascular
Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) and NF-κB. β-sitosterol-SLN significantly increased the
expression of HO-1,Nrf2 and decreased the expression of NF-κB, RANKL, STAT3. In
conclusion, β-sitosterol SLN showed the antiarthritic effect via suppression of NF-kB and
activation of HO-1/Nrf-2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Orthopedics, Xi'an Fourth Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhiyu Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xi'an Fourth Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Xijing He
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhanqi Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Xi'an Fourth Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Bin Shi
- Department of Orthopedics, Xi'an Fourth Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Fengmei Cai
- Department of Pathology, Xi'an Fourth Hospital, Xi'an, China
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Ahsan H, Irfan HM, Alamgeer, Jahan S, Shahzad M, Asim MH. Potential of ephedrine to suppress the gene expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and PGE2: A novel approach towards management of rheumatoid arthritis. Life Sci 2021; 282:119825. [PMID: 34274310 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a complicated perpetual auto-immune disorder allied with synovial hyperplasia, hyperalgesia, bone destruction, cartilage erosion and eventually physical impairment. Dysregulation of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) is a reported hallmark of rheumatoid arthritis. Drugs targeting adrenergic receptors may be suitable to attenuate arthritis. MAIN METHODS This experimental work employed ephedrine (adrenergic agonist) for appraisal of its anti-arthritic potential by using CFA-provoked arthritic animal model. Physical parameters (Paw volume/diameter, arthritic index and weight) were assessed through whole study period. Blood sample was drawn by cardiac puncture for various tests like RF value, C-RP, ELISA, RFTs and LFTs. RNA was isolated from blood and expression of inflammatory cytokines was estimated through q-PCR. KEY FINDINGS Ephedrine alleviated swelling in paw and reinstated the body weight, hematological and biochemical indices of experimental animal. This drug (40 mg/kg PO) significantly (p < 0.001) reduced the expression (measured as percent expression) of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β and interleukin-6 (54, 59 and 49% respectively) in arthritic animals. On the other side, cell derived anti-inflammatory mediators were expressed more in animals treated with same dose of ephedrine. Furthermore, inhibitory effect on expression of PGE2 was significantly (p < 0.001) observed in all treatment groups of ephedrine in comparison with standard treatment. SIGNIFICANCE This study ascertained the ephedrine as prospective therapeutic alternative candidate for treatment of RA but limited for clinical investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haseeb Ahsan
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan.
| | | | - Alamgeer
- Department of Pharmacology, University college of Pharmacy, University of Punjab Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Shah Jahan
- Department of Immunology, University of Health Sciences Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Shahzad
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Health Sciences Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan.
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Ahsan H, Irfan HM, Alamgeer, Shahzad M, Asim MH, Akram M, Zafar MS. Anti-rheumatic activity of pseudoephedrine (a substituted phenethylamine) in complete Freund's adjuvant-induced arthritic rats by down regulating IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α as well as upregulating IL-4 and IL-10. Inflammopharmacology 2021; 29:673-682. [PMID: 33772383 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-021-00804-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Pseudoephedrine (substituted phenethylamine) is well known as psychotic and bronchodilator. Numerous studies on phenethylamine derivatives indicated that these agents have the potential to abolish inflammatory responses in the non-biological and biological systems. These facts provided the basis to conduct a study on pseudoephedrine to explore its therapeutics in Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA)-induced arthritis. Furthermore, existing treatment approaches for RA associated with limited effect on chronic immunological models. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (q-PCR) was performed to execute the expression of pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines in treated and non-treated arthritic rats. These findings were further co investigate by histological observations. The paw volume, paw diameter, weight variations and arthritic score were determined at specific days throughout the experiment of 28 days. Pseudoephedrine at all doses significantly (p < 0.001) suppressed the expression of PGE2, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6. Moreover, pseudoephedrine (20 and 40 mg/kg) caused significant augmentation of IL-4 and IL-10. Similarly, the drug expressed a significant anti-arthritic effect by reducing the paw volume, paw diameter and arthritic score. Similarly, it also reverts the reduction in body weight of arthritic rats at all above-mentioned doses. These findings supported the anti-arthritic potential of pseudoephedrine and recommended it for clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haseeb Ahsan
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 40100, Pakistan
| | | | - Alamgeer
- Department of Pharmacology, University College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shahzad
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Akram
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 40100, Pakistan
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Mobashar A, Shabbir A, Shahzad M, Saeed-ul-Hassan. Evaluation of Immunomodulatory and Antiarthritic Potential of Trigonella gharuensis Extracts. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2020; 2020:8836080. [PMID: 33381210 PMCID: PMC7749762 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8836080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The genus of Trigonella has long been used for the treatment of arthritis and inflammatory disorders. This study was aimed to investigate the immunomodulatory activities of ethanol and n-hexane extracts of T. gharuensis in the rat model of rheumatoid arthritis. Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA) model was used to induce arthritis in rats. Arthritis was induced on day 0, while treatment which was started on day 8 continued for twenty days. Arthritic development and paw edema were determined using an arthritic scoring index and plethysmometer, respectively. Histopathology was evaluated using H&E staining. RNA extraction, reverse transcription, and polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were performed to determine expression levels of proinflammatory markers such as TNF-α, NF-ĸB, IL-6, IL-1β, COX2, and anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-4. Prostaglandin E2 level (PGE2) was evaluated using ELISA. Blood analysis and biochemical parameters were also determined. The significance level was set as P < 0.05. Treatment with extracts reduced paw edema, arthritic progression, and histopathological parameters. Expression levels of abovementioned proinflammatory cytokines and COX2 were downregulated, while IL-4 was upregulated. PGE2 levels were found reduced with extract treatment. Blood parameters were nearly normalized in treatment groups. Extract treatment did not alter biochemical parameters. Both extracts had effects comparable with piroxicam. In conclusion, extracts of T. gharuensis ameliorated experimentally induced arthritis that may be ascribed to its immunomodulatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisha Mobashar
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Arham Shabbir
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical and Allied Health Sciences, Lahore College for Women University, Jail Road, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shahzad
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Saeed-ul-Hassan
- Imran Idrees College of Pharmacy, 3 km Daska Road, Sialkot, Pakistan
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Amelioration of Rheumatoid Arthritis by Anacardium occidentale via Inhibition of Collagenase and Lysosomal Enzymes. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:8869484. [PMID: 33224258 PMCID: PMC7669349 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8869484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Anacardium occidentale (cashew) has been used in the traditional system of medicine for curing many inflammatory disorders. The present study investigates the antiarthritic effects of cashew leaves extract using the rat model of FCA-induced rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritic rats were treated with 100 and 200 mg/kg b.w. ethanolic extract of cashew leaves. Animals were sacrificed at day 23, and before sacrificing the animals, gross pathological changes were observed. Histopathology of ankle joint was evaluated with hematoxylin and eosin staining, whereas the serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) were evaluated by the agglutination method. Inflammatory cells and other hematological parameters were assessed by employing an automated hemocytometer and chemistry analyzer. Rheumatoid factor (Rf) and lysosomal enzymes levels were determined in blood. Results indicated that A. occidentale significantly decreased the CPR levels, macroscopic arthritic score, and rheumatoid factor as compared to the diseased group. Histopathological evaluation showed significant attenuation in bone erosion, joint inflammation, and pannus formation by plant extract. Treatment with A. occidentale significantly suppressed the levels of acid phosphatase, β-galactosidase, β-glucuronidase, N-acetylglucosaminidase, and collagenase. Moreover, A. occidentale significantly raised the HB levels and RBCs counts which were found depleted in the diseased group. The raised counts of total leukocytes, platelets, neutrophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes were also significantly decreased by treatment with plant extract. Comparative analysis showed that higher dose of A. occidentale demonstrated superior amelioration of rheumatoid arthritis as compared to low dose. In conclusion, A. occidentale possesses significant antiarthritic potential, which may be attributed to the suppression of lysosomal enzymes and collagenase levels.
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Zhang Z, Chinnathambi A, Ali Alharbi S, Bai L. Copper oxide nanoparticles from Rabdosia rubescens attenuates the complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA) induced rheumatoid arthritis in rats via suppressing the inflammatory proteins COX-2/PGE2. ARAB J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2020.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
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29
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Immunomodulatory and Anti-Inflammatory Potential of Curcumin for the Treatment of Allergic Asthma: Effects on Expression Levels of Pro-inflammatory Cytokines and Aquaporins. Inflammation 2020; 42:2037-2047. [PMID: 31407145 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-019-01066-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Curcumin is well known for possessing anti-inflammatory properties and for its beneficial effects in the treatment of asthma. Current study investigates the immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects of curcumin using mouse model of ovalbumin-induced allergic asthma. BALB/c mice were immunized with ovalbumin on day 0 and 14 to induce allergic asthma. Animals were treated with two different doses of curcumin (20 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg) and methylprednisolone from day 21 to 28. Mice were also daily challenged intranasally with ovalbumin during treatment period, and all groups were sacrificed at day 28. Histopathological examination showed amelioration of allergic asthma in treated groups as evident by the attenuation of infiltration of inflammatory cells, goblet cell hyperplasia, alveolar thickening, and edema and vascular congestion. Curcumin significantly reduced total and differential leukocyte counts in both bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and blood. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis showed significantly suppressed mRNA expression levels of IL-4 and IL-5 (pro-inflammatory cytokines), TNF-α, TGF-β (pro-fibrotic cytokines), eotaxin (chemokine), and heat shock protein 70 (marker of airway obstruction) in treated groups. Attenuation of these pro-inflammatory markers might have led to the suppression of airway inflammation. The expression levels of aquaporin-1 (AQP) and AQP-5 were found significantly elevated in experimental groups which might be responsible for reduction of pulmonary edema. In conclusion, curcumin significantly ameliorated allergic asthma. The anti-asthmatic effect might be attributed to the suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and elevation of aquaporin expression levels, suggesting further studies and clinical trials to establish its candidature in the treatment of allergic asthma.
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El-Kady DS, Ali NA, Sayed AH, Abdelhaliem MM, Elmegeed GA, Ahmed HH. Assessment of the Antitumor Potentiality of Newly Designed Steroid Derivatives: Pre-Clinical Study. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2019; 20:3057-3070. [PMID: 31653155 PMCID: PMC6982653 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2019.20.10.3057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is recognized as one of the most prevalent contributors to mortality in several nations and it remains one of the common health issues globally. In particular, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has become a public health problem along with the increase of hepatitis B (HBV) and hepatitis C (HCV) virus infections. Based on this fact, our study goaled to synthesize newly hybrid drugs containing heterocyclic rings incorporated to steroid moiety and to examine the potential antitumor activity of the newly designed heterosteroid derivatives against HCC induced in animal model. Several heterocyclic steroids were synthesized 2-7 and confirmed via the analytical and spectral data (IR, 1H NMR13C NMR and Mass spectroscopy). Compounds 3, 4, and 5 were chosen to be investigated as anticancer agents in HCC rat model by means of validated biomarkers (alfa –fetoprotein, endoglin, lipocali-2 and heat shock protein-70). Following administration of compounds 3, 4 or 5, availability of the active tumor marker molecules was significantly dropped and a substantial decrease of the angiogenic and inflammatory mediators was also evident. These findings were supported by the histological examination of liver tissue. Taken together, this study indicates the potential anticancer activity of the newly synthesized heterosteroid derivatives against HCC in vivo. The antitumor activity of these compounds was likely attributable to modulating some signal transduction pathways involved in tumorigenesis, angiogenesis and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina S El-Kady
- Department of Hormones, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Naglaa A Ali
- Department of Hormones, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Alaa H Sayed
- Department of Hormones, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.,Department of Applied Medical Sciences, Community College in Al-Qurayyat, Al-Jouf University, KSA
| | - Mervat M Abdelhaliem
- Department of Hormones, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Gamal A Elmegeed
- Department of Hormones, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Hanaa H Ahmed
- Department of Hormones, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
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Akhtar G, Shabbir A. Urginea indica attenuated rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory paw edema in diverse animal models of acute and chronic inflammation. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 238:111864. [PMID: 30970284 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.111864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Urginea indica has been used in the traditional system of medicine to treat various inflammatory diseases. AIM OF THE STUDY Present study investigates the effects of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of U. indica on joint inflammation using different models of acute and chronic inflammation. MATERIALS AND METHODS FCA-induced arthritic rat model, a model of chronic joint inflammation, was used to evaluate the anti-arthritic effects of plant extracts (500 mg/kg, each extract). Macroscopic arthritic scoring, digital water plethysmometery, and histopathological evaluation (H & E staining) were performed to measure the severity of arthritis. Acute inflammatory models like, carrageenan-, histamine- and serotonin-induced paw edema models were used to evaluate effects of U. indica, and supported by xylene-induced ear edema model. RESULTS Both extracts significantly inhibited arthritic development, paw edema, bone erosion, pannus formation, and infiltration of inflammatory cells. Treatment with U. indica extracts resulted in almost normalization of altered counts of white blood cells (WBCs), platelets, and red blood cells (RBCs), along with Hb content. Both extracts were found safe in terms of hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity as determined by non-significant difference of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), urea, and creatinine levels among all groups. U. indica significantly attenuated carrageenan-induced paw edema. There are several mechanisms involved in the attenuation of carrageenan-induced paw edema; inhibition of autacoids is one of those important mechanisms. The autacoid inhibition was confirmed by reduction of histamine- and serotonin-induced paw edema found in plant extract treated groups. Suppression of xylene-induced ear edema by plant extract further validated the suggested mechanism of autacoid inhibition. GC-MS analysis showed the presence of isopropyl palmitate in the highest quantity (26.852%). CONCLUSIONS This study validated the folkloric uses of U. indica and showed that plant possessed anti-arthritic and anti-inflammatory properties which might be ascribed to inhibition of autacoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghazala Akhtar
- Pharmacology Section, Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Arham Shabbir
- Pharmacology Section, Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan; Department of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore-Gujrat Campus, Gujrat, Pakistan.
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Hassan UH, Shahzad M, Shabbir A, Jahan S, Saleem M, Bukhari IA, Assiri AM. Amelioration of adjuvant induced arthritis in Sprague Dawley rats through modulation of inflammatory mediators by Ribes alpestre Decne. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 235:460-471. [PMID: 30771518 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Ribes alpestre Decne has been commonly used in the treatment of joint complaints. AIM OF STUDY The present study was undertaken to evaluate the antiarthritic potential of ethanolic extract and fractions of Ribes alpestre and to explore its probable mechanism of action. MATERIAL AND METHODS Complete Freunds adjuvant induced arthritis in Sprague Dawley rats was used to assess antiarthritic activity of aqueous ethanol extract, butanol and aqueous fractions at 200 mg/kg oral dose for 28 days. Paw volume and diameter, arthritic index, body weight, hematological and biochemical parameters, radiographic and histological analysis of ankle joints were carried out. An array of pro-inflammatory mediators (IL-1β, IL-6, NF-Kβ, TNF-α, COX-2, IL-4, IL-10 and PGE2) were estimated by RT-PCR and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Antioxidant capacity was assessed using DPPH and reducing power assays. Qualitative phytochemical screening, total phenolic and flavonoid content and HPLC analysis of aqueous fraction of Ribes alpestre were also carried out. RESULTS Significant (p < 0.001) reduction in paw volume and thickness and arthritic score by aqueous ethanolic extract and its fractions has been found. Aqueous ethanolic extract and fractions in particular aqueous fraction considerably prevented decrease in body weight, alterations in hematological parameters. Radiographic and histological examination revealed no significant architectural changes in joints of treated rats. Significant (p < 0.05-0.001) down regulation of pro-inflammatory genes IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, COX-2, PGE2 and NF-Kβ alongwith noteworthy increase in levels of IL-4 and IL-10 was recorded among treated animals. Aqueous ethanol extract and its fractions demonstrated notable and concentration dependent (50-6400 μg/ml) antioxidant potential. Qualitative phytochemical analysis of active fraction (aqueous) displayed presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins and glycosides. Besides total phenolic and flavonoid contents has been found to be 179.3 mg GAE/ml and 389.40 μg QE/ml in aqueous fraction of Ribes alpestre respectively. HPLC profile demonstrated presence of quercitin, chlorogenic acid, vanillic acid and cinamic acid in aqueous fraction. CONCLUSION Present communication suggests Ribes alpestre a potent antiarthritic therapy by ameliorating adjuvant arthritis in rats by downregulating proinflammatory mediators with up regulation of anti-inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umme Habiba Hassan
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research and Integrative Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University Of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shahzad
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore 54600, Pakistan
| | - Arham Shabbir
- Department of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Gujrat Campus, Pakistan
| | - Shah Jahan
- Department of Immunology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore 54600, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Saleem
- University College of Pharmacy, University of Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ishfaq Ali Bukhari
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, King Saud University Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asaad Mohamed Assiri
- Prince Abdullah Ben Khaled Celiac Disease Research Chair, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Saleem A, Saleem M, Akhtar MF, Shahzad M, Jahan S. Moringa rivae leaf extracts attenuate Complete Freund's adjuvant-induced arthritis in Wistar rats via modulation of inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers. Inflammopharmacology 2019; 28:139-151. [PMID: 31037575 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-019-00596-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Moringa rivae is widely used as a traditional remedy against arthritis. The present research was designed to evaluate the anti-arthritic potential of Moringa rivae extracts. Treatment of rats with adjuvant-induced arthritis with methanolic and aqueous extracts of M. rivae (150, 300 or 600 mg/kg), and piroxicam (10 mg/kg) was started orally at day 8 post-administration of complete Freund's adjuvant and continued till 28th day. The therapeutic effect of the plant extracts was assessed in arthritic rats by arthritic index, body weight, and haematological and biochemical parameters. Furthermore, the modulatory effect on gene expression (I-κB, IL-4 and IL-10, COX-2, IL-1β and IL-6, NF-κB, and TNF-α) in the blood was determined using qRT-PCR, while ELISA assay was used to find PGE2 and TNF-α concentrations in the serum. Oxidative stress parameters in the liver and ankle joint histopathology were also evaluated. Moreover, the most effective methanolic extract was further characterized by GC-MS for the presence of phytochemicals. Treatment with the plant extracts significantly restored arthritic index, change in the body weight and immune organ weight, and the histopathological indices. Both extracts significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the serum concentration of rheumatoid factor, C-reactive protein, PGE2, and TNF-α in arthritic rats. The extracts persuasively down-regulated the COX-2, PGE2, IL-1β, IL-6, NF-κB, and TNF-α, and up-regulated the mRNA expression of I-κB, IL-4, and IL-10. Both extracts increased the activities of CAT and SOD while reducing the formation of MDA in a dose- dependent manner in the liver. Histopathological evaluation showed that treatment with the plant extracts significantly (p < 0.05) reduced joint inflammation, pannus formation, and bone erosion in treatment groups in comparison to arthritic control. Phytochemicals detected by GC-MS in the methanolic extract included esters, alcohols, ketones, fatty acids, and vitamin E. These findings provide evidence of the anti-arthritic potential of M. rivae extracts in chronic polyarthritis model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammara Saleem
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | - Mohammad Saleem
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan. .,Department of Pharmacology, University College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Furqan Akhtar
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Lahore Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shahzad
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Shah Jahan
- Department of Immunology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
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Thymoquinone attenuates rheumatoid arthritis by downregulating TLR2, TLR4, TNF-α, IL-1, and NFκB expression levels. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 111:958-963. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
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Uttra AM, Shahzad M, Shabbir A, Jahan S. Ephedra gerardiana aqueous ethanolic extract and fractions attenuate Freund Complete Adjuvant induced arthritis in Sprague Dawley rats by downregulating PGE2, COX2, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, NF-kB and upregulating IL-4 and IL-10. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 224:482-496. [PMID: 29920358 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The whole plant, roots and stems of Ephedra gerardiana (Family Ephedraceae) have long been used as a folk remedy to treat rheumatism and painful joints in Northern Areas of Pakistan. AIM OF THE STUDY The purpose of study was to observe the preventive efficacy of Ephedra gerardiana (EG) aerial parts in treating rheumatoid arthritis using Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA) induced arthritis in rat model and to determine its possible mechanism of action. MATERIAL AND METHODS Arthritis was induced in Sprague Dawley rats by immunization with 0.1 ml FCA in left footpad. EG aqueous ethanolic extract (30:70) and its aqueous, n-butanol and ethyl acetate fractions at 200 mg/kg were orally administered from day 0, 30 min prior to adjuvant injection and sustained for 28 days. Paw volume/diameter, arthritic score, body weight, and hematological (WBC, RBC, ESR, Hb and Platelet count) and biochemical (AST, ALT, ALP, urea, creatinine, CRP and RF) parameters were observed. The mRNA expression levels of COX-2, IL-1β, IL-6, NF-kB, TNF-α, IL-4 and IL-10 were measured by real time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) while, PGE2 and TNF-α levels in serum samples were measured by Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Moreover, radiographs of hind paws and histological changes in ankle joint were analyzed in adjuvant injected rats. In addition, anti-oxidant activity of plant extract and fractions was also evaluated using DPPH and reducing power assays. Also, preliminary phytochemistry and total phenolic and flavonoid contents were investigated in most active fraction (aqueous fraction). RESULTS EG extract and fractions (notably aqueous fraction) significantly suppressed paw swelling and arthritic score, prevented cachexia and remarkably ameliorated hematological and biochemical changes. Furthermore, the overproduction of PGE2, COX-2, IL-1β, IL-6, NF-kB and TNF-α were remarkably attenuated in all EG treated rats, however, IL-4 and 10 were markedly increased. The radiographic and histopathologic improvement in joint architecture was also observed in EG treated rats. Piroxicam, used as reference drug, also significantly suppressed arthritis. Additionally, plant exhibited notable anti-oxidant activity and phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, tannins, saponins and glycosides. CONCLUSION These results indicate that EG extract and fractions significantly attenuated adjuvant arthritis in rats by decreasing the levels of aforementioned pro-inflammatory and increasing the levels of anti-inflammatory mediators. This suggests that Ephedra gerardiana aerial parts might be used as a therapeutic agent for treating human arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambreen Malik Uttra
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research and Integrative Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shahzad
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore 54600, Pakistan
| | - Arham Shabbir
- Department of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore-Gujrat Campus, Gujrat 50700, Pakistan
| | - Shah Jahan
- Department of Immunology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore 54600, Pakistan
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Ahmad S, Zaib S, Jalil S, Shafiq M, Ahmad M, Sultan S, Iqbal M, Aslam S, Iqbal J. Synthesis, characterization, monoamine oxidase inhibition, molecular docking and dynamic simulations of novel 2,1-benzothiazine-2,2-dioxide derivatives. Bioorg Chem 2018; 80:498-510. [PMID: 29996111 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2018.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2018] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In this research work, we report the synthesis and biological evaluation of two new series of 1-benzyl-4-(benzylidenehydrazono)-3,4-dihydro-1H-benzo[c] [1,2]thiazine 2,2-dioxides and 1-benzyl-4-((1-phenylethylidene)hydrazono)-3,4-dihydro-1H-benzo[c][1,2]thiazine 2,2-dioxides. The synthetic plan involves the mesylation of methyl anthranilate with subsequent N-benzylation of the product. The methyl 2-(N-benzylmethylsulfonamido)benzoate was subjected to cyclization reaction in the presence of sodium hydride to obtain 1-benzyl-1H-benzo[c][1,2]thiazin-4(3H)-one 2,2-dioxide which was treated with hydrazine hydrate to get corresponding hydrazone precursor. Finally, the titled compounds were obtained by reaction of hydrazone with various substituted aldehydes and ketones. The synthesized derivatives were subjected to carry out their inhibition activities against monoamine oxidases along with modelling investigations to evaluate their binding interactions and dynamic stability during the docking studies. The inhibition profile of potent compounds was found as competitive for both the isozymes. The compounds were more selective inhibitors of MAO-A as compared to MAO-B. Moreover, drug likeness profile of the derivatives was evaluated to have an additional insight into the physicochemical properties. The molecular dynamic simulations predicted the behaviour of amino acids with the active site residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shakeel Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Sumera Zaib
- Centre for Advanced Drug Research, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan
| | - Saquib Jalil
- Centre for Advanced Drug Research, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shafiq
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Matloob Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Sadia Sultan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam Campus, 42300 Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia; Atta-ur-Rahman Institute for Natural Products Discovery (AuRIns), Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam Campus, 42300 Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Mazhar Iqbal
- Drug Discovery and Structural Biology Group, Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Sana Aslam
- Department of Chemistry, Government College Women University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Jamshed Iqbal
- Centre for Advanced Drug Research, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan.
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Shabbir A, Batool SA, Basheer MI, Shahzad M, Sultana K, Tareen RB, Iqbal J, Saeed-ul-Hassan. Ziziphora clinopodioides ameliorated rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory paw edema in different models of acute and chronic inflammation. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 97:1710-1721. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.11.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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Jiang W, Li B, Chen Y, Gao S. The toxic influence of dibromoacetic acid on the hippocampus and pre-frontal cortex of rat: involvement of neuroinflammation response and oxidative stress. Metab Brain Dis 2017; 32:2009-2019. [PMID: 28844098 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-017-0095-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Dibromoacetic acid (DBA) exsits in drinking water as a by-product of disinfection as a result of chlorination or ozonation processes. Hippocampus and pre-frontal cortex are the key structures in memory formation and weanling babies are more sensitive to environmental toxicant than adults, so this study was conducted to evaluate the potential neurotoxicity effects of DBA exposure when administered intragastrically for 4 weeks to weanling Sprague-Dawley rats, at concentration of 0, 20, 50, 125 mg/kg via the neurobehavioral and neurochemical effects. Results indicated that animals weight gain and food consumption were not significantly affected by DBA. However, morris water maze test showed varying degrees of changes between control and high-dose group. Additionally, the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the hippocampus and pre-frontal cortex of rats increased significantly. The activities of total superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the glutathione (GSH) content in the hippocampus and pre-frontal cortex of rats decreased significantly after treatment with DBA. Treatment with DBA increased the protein and mRNA expression of Iba-1, NF-κB, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β and HO-1 in the hippocampus and pre-frontal cortex of rats. These data suggested that DBA had a toxic influence on the hippocampus and pre-frontal cortex of rats, and that the mechanism of toxicity might be associated with the neuroinflammation response and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Jiang
- Department of Toxicology, College of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150081, People's Republic of China
| | - Bai Li
- Department of Toxicology, College of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150081, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingying Chen
- Department of Toxicology, College of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150081, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuying Gao
- Department of Toxicology, College of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150081, People's Republic of China.
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Nyctanthes arbor-tristis Ameliorated FCA-Induced Experimental Arthritis: A Comparative Study among Different Extracts. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 2017:4634853. [PMID: 28676830 PMCID: PMC5476964 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4634853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Nyctanthes arbor-tristis (NAT) is commonly used traditionally for the treatment of rheumatism and inflammatory diseases. Current study evaluates the antiarthritic potential of NAT using Freund's adjuvant-induced arthritic rat model. Treatments with methanolic, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane extracts were continued for consecutive 20 days. Macroscopic arthritic scoring and water displacement plethysmometry were used to evaluate arthritic development. Hematological and biochemical parameters were investigated and ankle joints were processed for histopathological evaluation. Qualitative phytochemical analysis and GC-MS analysis were conducted for identification of constituents. NAT extracts suppressed arthritic scoring, paw edema, infiltration of inflammatory cells, pannus formation, and bone erosion. The plant extracts ameliorated total leukocytes and platelet counts and nearly normalized red blood cells (RBC) counts and hemoglobin (Hb) content. The extracts were found safe in terms of hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity as determined by aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), creatinine, and urea levels. Comparative analysis showed that ethyl acetate extract produced the highest inhibition of paw edema. The major constituents found in ethyl acetate extract can be classified into three major classes, that is, terpenes, terpenoids, fatty acids, and iridoid glycosides. Current study showed that Nyctanthes arbor-tristis ameliorated experimental rheumatoid arthritis and ethyl acetate extract possessed the highest inhibitory activity.
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The Effects of Haloperidol on the Progression of Chronic Autoimmune Inflammation Induced by Freund’s Adjuvant. BIONANOSCIENCE 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12668-016-0381-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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