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Zhang HF, Liu HM, Xiang JY, Zhou XC, Wang D, Chen RY, Tan WL, Liang LQ, Liu LL, Shi MJ, Zhang F, Xiao Y, Zhou YX, Zhang T, Tang L, Guo B, Wang YY. Alpha lipoamide inhibits diabetic kidney fibrosis via improving mitochondrial function and regulating RXRα expression and activation. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2023; 44:1051-1065. [PMID: 36347997 PMCID: PMC10104876 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-022-00997-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown mitochondrial dysfunction in various acute kidney injuries and chronic kidney diseases. Lipoic acid exerts potent effects on oxidant stress and modulation of mitochondrial function in damaged organ. In this study we investigated whether alpha lipoamide (ALM), a derivative of lipoic acid, exerted a renal protective effect in a type 2 diabetes mellitus mouse model. 9-week-old db/db mice were treated with ALM (50 mg·kg-1·d-1, i.g) for 8 weeks. We showed that ALM administration did not affect blood glucose levels in db/db mice, but restored renal function and significantly improved fibrosis of kidneys. We demonstrated that ALM administration significantly ameliorated mitochondrial dysfunction and tubulointerstitial fibrotic lesions, along with increased expression of CDX2 and CFTR and decreased expression of β-catenin and Snail in kidneys of db/db mice. Similar protective effects were observed in rat renal tubular epithelial cell line NRK-52E cultured in high-glucose medium following treatment with ALM (200 μM). The protective mechanisms of ALM in diabetic kidney disease (DKD) were further explored: Autodock Vina software predicted that ALM could activate RXRα protein by forming stable hydrogen bonds. PROMO Database predicted that RXRα could bind the promoter sequences of CDX2 gene. Knockdown of RXRα expression in NRK-52E cells under normal glucose condition suppressed CDX2 expression and promoted phenotypic changes in renal tubular epithelial cells. However, RXRα overexpression increased CDX2 expression which in turn inhibited high glucose-mediated renal tubular epithelial cell injury. Therefore, we reveal the protective effect of ALM on DKD and its possible potential targets: ALM ameliorates mitochondrial dysfunction and regulates the CDX2/CFTR/β-catenin signaling axis through upregulation and activation of RXRα. Schematic figure illustrating that ALM alleviates diabetic kidney disease by improving mitochondrial function and upregulation and activation of RXRα, which in turn upregulated CDX2 to exert an inhibitory effect on β-catenin activation and nuclear translocation. RTEC renal tubular epithelial cell. ROS Reactive oxygen species. RXRα Retinoid X receptor-α. Mfn1 Mitofusin 1. Drp1 dynamic-related protein 1. MDA malondialdehyde. 4-HNE 4-hydroxynonenal. T-SOD Total-superoxide dismutase. CDX2 Caudal-type homeobox transcription factor 2. CFTR Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator. EMT epithelial mesenchymal transition. α-SMA Alpha-smooth muscle actin. ECM extracellular matrix. DKD diabetic kidney disease. Schematic figure was drawn by Figdraw ( www.figdraw.com ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Fang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China
- International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Pathogenesis and Drug Research on Common Major Diseases, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Hui-Ming Liu
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Drug Research on Common Chronic Diseases, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jia-Yi Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China
- International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Pathogenesis and Drug Research on Common Major Diseases, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Xing-Cheng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China
- International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Pathogenesis and Drug Research on Common Major Diseases, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Dan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China
- International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Pathogenesis and Drug Research on Common Major Diseases, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Rong-Yu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China
- International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Pathogenesis and Drug Research on Common Major Diseases, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Wan-Lin Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China
- International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Pathogenesis and Drug Research on Common Major Diseases, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Lu-Qun Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China
- International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Pathogenesis and Drug Research on Common Major Diseases, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Ling-Ling Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China
- International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Pathogenesis and Drug Research on Common Major Diseases, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Ming-Jun Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China
- International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Pathogenesis and Drug Research on Common Major Diseases, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China
- International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Pathogenesis and Drug Research on Common Major Diseases, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Ying Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China
- International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Pathogenesis and Drug Research on Common Major Diseases, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Yu-Xia Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China
- International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Pathogenesis and Drug Research on Common Major Diseases, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Tian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China
- International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Pathogenesis and Drug Research on Common Major Diseases, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Lei Tang
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Drug Research on Common Chronic Diseases, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
- Guizhou Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R&D, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
| | - Bing Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
- International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Pathogenesis and Drug Research on Common Major Diseases, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
| | - Yuan-Yuan Wang
- International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Pathogenesis and Drug Research on Common Major Diseases, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Drug Research on Common Chronic Diseases, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
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Gong C, Ruan Y, Zhang Y, Wang Q, Wu Y, Zhan X, He Y, Liu X, Liu X, Pu J, Wang X. Resistance of Sogatella furcifera to triflumezopyrim mediated with the overexpression of CYPSF01 which was regulated by nuclear receptor USP. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 238:113575. [PMID: 35500402 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Sogatella furcifera is one of the main agricultural pests in many Asian countries, bringing about enormous injury. A triflumezopyrim-resistant (Tri) strain of S. furcifera was established through continuous screening in laboratory. The determination of synergist and enzyme activity indicated that P450s, especially for the upregulation expression of CYPSF01, played a key role in the increased resistance, confirmed by RNAi, and the recombinant protein of CYPSF01 and NADPH-P450 reductase was able to degrade triflumezopyrim. CYPSF01 had an obviously co-expression relationship with nuclear receptor ultraspiracle (USP), which were all significantly up-regulated when exposed to triflumezopyrim. Further, a USP-binding motif MA0534.1 was enriched from the upregulated peaks by Assay for Transposase Accessible Chromatin (ATAC-seq) analysis, which exited in the peaks located on the promoter of CYPSF01; the yeast one-hybrid experiments confirmed that USP could bind to the CYPSF01 promoter. And the USP interference significantly down-regulated CYPSF01 expression, and resulted in the significantly increasing sensitivity to triflumezopyrim, its mortality rate increased 28.37%. Therefore, the overexpression of USP could cause to the overexpression of CYPSF01, ultimately resulting in the resistance to triflumezopyrim in S. furcifera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changwei Gong
- College of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yanwei Ruan
- College of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yuming Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Qiulin Wang
- College of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yutong Wu
- College of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xiaoxu Zhan
- College of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yunfeng He
- College of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xinxian Liu
- College of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xuemei Liu
- College of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jian Pu
- College of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xuegui Wang
- College of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
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Bahceli O, Pinar Seno S, Temiz-Resi M, Furkan Hor M, Sahan-Fira S, Tunctan B. Bexarotene Ameliorates LPS-Induced Hyperalgesia: Contribution of TLR4/MyD88-Dependent Pro-Inflammatory, Anti-Apoptotic and Anti-Inflammatory Signaling Pathways. INT J PHARMACOL 2022. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2022.1171.1188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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The Regulatory Roles of PPARs in Skeletal Muscle Fuel Metabolism and Inflammation: Impact of PPAR Agonism on Muscle in Chronic Disease, Contraction and Sepsis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22189775. [PMID: 34575939 PMCID: PMC8465345 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) family of transcription factors has been demonstrated to play critical roles in regulating fuel selection, energy expenditure and inflammation in skeletal muscle and other tissues. Activation of PPARs, through endogenous fatty acids and fatty acid metabolites or synthetic compounds, has been demonstrated to have lipid-lowering and anti-diabetic actions. This review will aim to provide a comprehensive overview of the functions of PPARs in energy homeostasis, with a focus on the impacts of PPAR agonism on muscle metabolism and function. The dysregulation of energy homeostasis in skeletal muscle is a frequent underlying characteristic of inflammation-related conditions such as sepsis. However, the potential benefits of PPAR agonism on skeletal muscle protein and fuel metabolism under these conditions remains under-investigated and is an area of research opportunity. Thus, the effects of PPARγ agonism on muscle inflammation and protein and carbohydrate metabolism will be highlighted, particularly with its potential relevance in sepsis-related metabolic dysfunction. The impact of PPARδ agonism on muscle mitochondrial function, substrate metabolism and contractile function will also be described.
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Hacioglu C, Kar F, Kanbak G. Ex Vivo Investigation of Bexarotene and Nicotinamide Function as a Protectıve Agent on Rat Synaptosomes Treated with Aβ(1-42). Neurochem Res 2021; 46:804-818. [PMID: 33428094 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-020-03216-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we were aimed to investigate the neuroprotective effects of bexarotene and nicotinamide in synaptosomes incubated with amyloid-beta (Aβ). Our study consists of 2 parts, in vivo and in vitro. In the in vivo section, twenty-four Wistar albino male rats were divided into 4 groups (control, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), nicotinamide and bexarotene) with six animals in each group. DMSO(1%), nicotinamide(100 mg/kg) and bexarotene(0.1 mg/kg) were administered intraperitoneally to animals in the experimental groups for seven days. In the in vitro part of our study, three different isolation methods were used to obtain the synaptosomes from the brain tissue. Total antioxidant capacity(TAS), total oxidant capacity(TOS), cleaved caspase 3(CASP3), cytochrome c(Cyt c), sirtuin 1(SIRT1), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma(PPARγ) and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1(PARP-1) levels in the synaptosomes incubated with a concentration of 10 µM Aβ(1-42) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. Biochemical analysis and histopathological examinations in serum and brain samples showed that DMSO, nicotinamide and bexarotene treatments did not cause any damage to the rat brain tissue. We found that in vitro Aβ(1-42) administration decreased TAS, SIRT1 and PPARγ levels in synaptosomes while increasing TOS, CASP3, Cyt c, and PARP1 levels. Nicotinamide treatment suppressed oxidative stress and apoptosis by supporting antioxidant capacity and increased PPARγ through SIRT1 activation, causing PARP1 to decrease. On the other hand, bexarotene caused a moderate increase in SIRT1 levels with PPARγ activation. Consequently, we found that nicotinamide can be more effective than bexarotene in AD pathogenesis by regulating mitochondrial functions in synaptosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ceyhan Hacioglu
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Duzce University, Duzce, Turkey.
| | - Fatih Kar
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Gungor Kanbak
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
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Senol SP, Temiz-Resitoglu M, Guden DS, Sari AN, Sahan-Firat S, Tunctan B. Suppression of TLR4/MyD88/TAK1/NF-κB/COX-2 Signaling Pathway in the Central Nervous System by Bexarotene, a Selective RXR Agonist, Prevents Hyperalgesia in the Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Pain Mouse Model. Neurochem Res 2021; 46:624-637. [PMID: 33389386 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-020-03197-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A selective RXR agonist, bexarotene, has been shown to have anti-inflammatory, anti-nociceptive, and neuroprotective effects in several models of numerous neurological diseases characterized by systemic inflammation. The mechanisms underlying these effects remains unknown. To elucidate these mechanisms, we investigated whether the TLR4/MyD88/TAK1/NF-κB/COX-2 signaling pathway in the CNS mediates the effect of bexarotene to prevent hyperalgesia in the LPS-induced inflammatory pain mouse model. The reaction time to thermal stimuli within 30 s was evaluated by the hot plate test in male mice treated with saline, LPS (10 mg/kg), DMSO, and/or bexarotene (0.1, 1, 3, or 10 mg/kg) after 6 h. The latency to the thermal stimulus (18.11 ± 1.36 s) in the LPS-treated mice was significantly decreased by 30% compared with saline-treated mice (25.84 ± 1.99 s). Treatment with bexarotene only at a dose of 10 mg/kg showed a significant increase in the latency by 22.49 ± 1.00 s compared with LPS-treated mice. Bexarotene also prevented the reduction in RXRα protein expression associated with a rise in the expression of TLR4, MyD88, phosphorylated TAK1, NF-κB p65, phosphorylated NF-κB p65, COX-2, and IL-1β proteins, in addition to COX-2 activity and levels of PGE2 and IL-1β in the brains and spinal cords of the LPS-treated animals. Likely, decreased activity of TLR4/MyD88/TAK1/NF-κB/COX-2 signaling pathway in addition to increased pro-inflammatory cytokine formation in the CNS of mice participates in the protective effect of bexarotene against hyperalgesia induced by LPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sefika Pinar Senol
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | | | - Demet Sinem Guden
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Ayse Nihal Sari
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Seyhan Sahan-Firat
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Bahar Tunctan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey.
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MicroRNA-21 Contributes to Acute Liver Injury in LPS-Induced Sepsis Mice by Inhibiting PPAR α Expression. PPAR Res 2020; 2020:6633022. [PMID: 33424957 PMCID: PMC7772039 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6633022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The severity of sepsis may be associated with excessive inflammation, thus leading to acute liver injury. MicroRNA-21 is highly expressed in the liver of a variety of inflammation-related diseases, and PPARα is also proved to participate in regulating inflammation. In the present study, the LPS-induced sepsis model was established. We found that microRNA-21 expression was upregulated in the liver of sepsis mice, and microRNA-21 inhibition significantly reduced the liver injury. The expression of liver injury markers, inflammation cytokines, and PPARα in the septic mice was higher than in antagomir-21 treated septic mice. In addition, we also found that PPARα is the target gene of microRNA-21; PPARα antagonist GW6471 could reverse the effect of antagomir-21. In conclusion, our study illustrated that microRNA-21 exacerbate acute liver injury in sepsis mice by inhibiting PPARα expression.
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Qin J, Liu J, Wu C, Xu J, Tang B, Guo K, Chen X, Liu W, Wu T, Zhou H, Fang M, Wu Z. Synthesis and biological evaluation of (3/4-(pyrimidin-2-ylamino)benzoyl)-based hydrazine-1-carboxamide/carbothioamide derivatives as novel RXRα antagonists. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2020; 35:880-896. [PMID: 32223461 PMCID: PMC7170311 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2020.1740692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal alterations in the expression and biological function of retinoid X receptor alpha (RXRα) have a key role in the development of cancer. Potential modulators of RXRα as anticancer agents are explored in growing numbers of studies. A series of (4/3-(pyrimidin-2-ylamino)benzoyl)hydrazine-1-carboxamide/carbothioamide derivatives are synthesised and evaluated for anticancer activity as RXRα antagonists in this study. Among all synthesised compounds, 6A shows strong antagonist activity (half maximal effective concentration (EC50) = 1.68 ± 0.22 µM), potent anti-proliferative activity against human cancer cell lines HepG2 and A549 cells (50% inhibition of cell viability (IC50) values < 10 µM), and low cytotoxic property in normal cells such as LO2 and MRC-5 cells (IC50 values > 100 µM). Further bioassays indicate that 6A inhibits 9-cis-RA-induced activity in a dose-dependent manner, and selectively binds to RXRα-=LΒD with submicromolar affinity (Kd = 1.20 × 10−7 M). 6A induces time-and dose-dependent cleavage of poly ADP-ribose polymerase, and significantly stimulates caspase-3 activity, leading to RXRα-dependent apoptosis. Finally, molecular docking studies predict the binding modes for RXRα-LBD and 6A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingbo Qin
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research and State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research and State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Chunxiao Wu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research and State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jianwen Xu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research and State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Bowen Tang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research and State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Kaiqiang Guo
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research and State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xiaohui Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research and State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Weihao Liu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research and State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Tong Wu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research and State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Hu Zhou
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research and State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Meijuan Fang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research and State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Zhen Wu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research and State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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The retinoid X receptor: a nuclear receptor that modulates the sleep-wake cycle in rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2020; 237:2055-2073. [PMID: 32472163 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-020-05518-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE The nuclear receptor retinoid X receptor (RXR) belongs to a nuclear receptor superfamily that modulates diverse functions via homodimerization with itself or several other nuclear receptors, including PPARα. While the activation of PPARα by natural or synthetic agonists regulates the sleep-wake cycle, the role of RXR in the sleep modulation is unknown. OBJECTIVES We investigated the effects of bexarotene (Bexa, a RXR agonist) or UVI 3003 (UVI, a RXR antagonist) on sleep, sleep homeostasis, levels of neurochemical related to sleep modulation, and c-Fos and NeuN expression. METHODS The sleep-wake cycle and sleep homeostasis were analyzed after application of Bexa or UVI. Moreover, we also evaluated whether Bexa or UVI could induce effects on dopamine, serotonin, norepinephrine epinephrine, adenosine, and acetylcholine contents, collected from either the nucleus accumbens or basal forebrain. In addition, c-Fos and NeuN expression in the hypothalamus was determined after Bexa or UVI treatments. RESULTS Systemic application of Bexa (1 mM, i.p.) attenuated slow-wave sleep and rapid eye movement sleep. In addition, Bexa increased the levels of dopamine, serotonin, norepinephrine epinephrine, adenosine, and acetylcholine sampled from either the nucleus accumbens or basal forebrain. Moreover, Bexa blocked the sleep rebound period after total sleep deprivation, increased in the hypothalamus the expression of c-Fos, and decreased NeuN activity. Remarkably, UVI 3003 (1 mM, i.p.) induced opposite effects in sleep, sleep homeostasis, neurochemicals levels, and c-Fos and NeuN activity. CONCLUSIONS The administration of RXR agonist or antagonist significantly impaired the sleep-wake cycle and exerted effects on the levels of neurochemicals related to sleep modulation. Moreover, Bexa or UVI administration significantly affected c-Fos and NeuN expression in the hypothalamus. Our findings highlight the neurobiological role of RXR on sleep modulation.
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Yang T, Feng X, Zhao Y, Zhang H, Cui H, Wei M, Yang H, Fan H. Dexmedetomidine Enhances Autophagy via α2-AR/AMPK/mTOR Pathway to Inhibit the Activation of NLRP3 Inflammasome and Subsequently Alleviates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Kidney Injury. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:790. [PMID: 32670056 PMCID: PMC7326938 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a severe complication of sepsis; however, no effective drugs have been found. Activation of the nucleotide-binding domain-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is a major pathogenic mechanism of AKI induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Autophagy, a process of intracellular degradation related to renal homeostasis, effectively restricts inflammatory responses. Herein, we explored the potential protective mechanisms of dexmedetomidine (DEX), which has confirmed anti-inflammatory effects, on LPS-induced AKI. Methods AKI was induced in rats by injecting 10 mg/kg of LPS intraperitoneally (i.p.). Wistar rats received intraperitoneal injections of DEX (30 µg/kg) 30 min before an intraperitoneal injection of LPS. Atipamezole (ATI) (250 µg/kg) and 3-methyladenine (3-MA) (15 mg/kg) were intraperitoneally injected 30 min before the DEX injection. Results DEX significantly attenuated renal injury. Furthermore, DEX decreased activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and expression of interleukins 1β and 18. In addition, autophagy-related protein and gene analysis indicated that DEX could significantly enhance autophagy. Finally, we verified the pharmacological effects of DEX on the 5′-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway. Atip and 3-MA significantly reversed the protective effects of DEX. Conclusions Our results suggest that the protective effects of DEX were mediated by enhanced autophagy via the α2-adrenoreceptor/AMPK/mTOR pathway, which decreased activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Above all, we verified the renal protective effects of DEX and offer a new treatment strategy for AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyuan Yang
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiujing Feng
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Yuan Zhao
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Haiyang Zhang
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Hailin Cui
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Mian Wei
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Haotian Yang
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Honggang Fan
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
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11
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Biliktu M, Senol SP, Temiz-Resitoglu M, Guden DS, Horat MF, Sahan-Firat S, Sevim S, Tunctan B. Pharmacological inhibition of soluble epoxide hydrolase attenuates chronic experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by modulating inflammatory and anti-inflammatory pathways in an inflammasome-dependent and -independent manner. Inflammopharmacology 2020; 28:1509-1524. [PMID: 32128702 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-020-00691-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to determine the effect of soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) inhibition on chronic experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a murine model of multiple sclerosis (MS), associated with changes in inflammasome-dependent and -independent inflammatory and anti-inflammatory pathways in the CNS of mice. C57BL/6 mice were used to induce chronic EAE by using an injection of MOG35-55 peptide/PT. Animals were observed daily and scored for EAE signs for 25 days after immunization. Following the induction of EAE, the scores were increased after 9 days and reached peak value as determined by ≥ 2 or ≤ 3 with 8% mortality rate on day 17. On day 17, mice were administered daily PBS, DMSO, or TPPU (a potent sEH inhibitor) (1, 3, or 10 mg/kg) until the end of the study. TPPU only at 3 mg/kg dose decreased the AUC values calculated from EAE scores obtained during the disease compared to EAE and vehicle control groups. On day 25, TPPU also caused an increase in the PPARα/β/γ and NLRC3 proteins and a decrease in the proteins of TLR4, MyD88, NF-κB p65, p-NF-κB p65, iNOS/nNOS, COX-2, NLRC4, ASC, caspase-1 p20, IL-1β, caspase-11 p20, NOX subunits (gp91phox and p47phox), and nitrotyrosine in addition to 14,15-DHET and IL-1β levels compared to EAE and vehicle control groups. Our findings suggest that pharmacological inhibition of sEH attenuates chronic EAE likely because of enhanced levels of anti-inflammatory EETs in addition to PPARα/β/γ and NLRC3 expression associated with suppressed inflammatory TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signalling pathway, NLRC4/ASC/pro-caspase-1 inflammasome, caspase-11 inflammasome, and NOX activity that are responsible for inflammatory mediator formation in the CNS of mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merve Biliktu
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yenisehir Campus, Mersin University, 33160, Yenisehir, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Sefika Pinar Senol
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yenisehir Campus, Mersin University, 33160, Yenisehir, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Meryem Temiz-Resitoglu
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yenisehir Campus, Mersin University, 33160, Yenisehir, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Demet Sinem Guden
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yenisehir Campus, Mersin University, 33160, Yenisehir, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Furkan Horat
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yenisehir Campus, Mersin University, 33160, Yenisehir, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Seyhan Sahan-Firat
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yenisehir Campus, Mersin University, 33160, Yenisehir, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Serhan Sevim
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Bahar Tunctan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yenisehir Campus, Mersin University, 33160, Yenisehir, Mersin, Turkey.
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Bexarotene Attenuates Focal Cerebral Ischemia–Reperfusion Injury via the Suppression of JNK/Caspase-3 Signaling Pathway. Neurochem Res 2019; 44:2809-2820. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-019-02902-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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13
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Tunctan B, Senol SP, Temiz-Resitoglu M, Guden DS, Sahan-Firat S, Falck JR, Malik KU. Eicosanoids derived from cytochrome P450 pathway of arachidonic acid and inflammatory shock. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2019; 145:106377. [PMID: 31586592 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2019.106377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection. Septic shock, the most common form of vasodilatory shock, is a subset of sepsis in which circulatory and cellular/metabolic abnormalities are severe enough to increase mortality. Inflammatory shock constitutes the hallmark of sepsis, but also a final common pathway of any form of severe long-term tissue hypoperfusion. The pathogenesis of inflammatory shock seems to be due to circulating substances released by pathogens (e.g., bacterial endotoxins) and host immuno-inflammatory responses (e.g., changes in the production of histamine, bradykinin, serotonin, nitric oxide [NO], reactive nitrogen and oxygen species, and arachidonic acid [AA]-derived eicosanoids mainly through NO synthase, cyclooxygenase, and cytochrome P450 [CYP] pathways, and proinflammatory cytokine formation). Therefore, refractory hypotension to vasoconstrictors with end-organ hypoperfusion is a life threatening feature of inflammatory shock. This review summarizes the current knowledge regarding the role of eicosanoids derived from CYP pathway of AA in animal models of inflammatory shock syndromes with an emphasis on septic shock in addition to potential therapeutic strategies targeting specific CYP isoforms responsible for proinflammatory/anti-inflammatory mediator production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahar Tunctan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey.
| | - Sefika Pinar Senol
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | | | - Demet Sinem Guden
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Seyhan Sahan-Firat
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - John R Falck
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Kafait U Malik
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee, Center for Health Sciences, Memphis, TN, USA
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14
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Li Y, Xing Q, Wei Y, Zhao L, Zhang P, Han X, Wang J. Activation of RXR by bexarotene inhibits inflammatory conditions in human rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast‑like synoviocytes. Int J Mol Med 2019; 44:1963-1970. [PMID: 31545398 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2019.4336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a debilitating joint disease characterized by chronic inflammation, pathologic alteration of fibroblast‑like synoviocytes (FLS), destruction of cartilage and bone, and the formation of an invasive pannus. RA‑FLS exhibit increased proliferation and resistance to apoptosis. The retinoid X receptor (RXR) has a role in regulating cell cycle, differentiation and apoptosis, and agonism of RXR has been investigated as a treatment strategy in several types of cancer. However, there is little research on the effects of RXR agonism in other diseases. Bexarotene is a novel selective RXR ligand used in the treatment of T‑cell lymphoma. In the present study, bexarotene was used to investigate the involvement of RXR in tumor necrosis factor‑α (TNF‑α)‑induced RA conditions in human FLS. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that RXR has been demonstrated to be expressed in FLS and to be downregulated in response to TNF‑α stimulation. The present study also demonstrated that bexarotene exerted an anti‑inflammatory effect by downregulating expression of interleukin (IL)‑6, IL‑8, monocyte chemoattractant protein‑1, and high mobility group box‑1. Notably, bexarotene also rescued the TNF‑α‑induced downregulation of the anti‑inflammatory cytokines IL‑4 and transforming growth factor‑β1. Bexarotene treatment exhibited a potential protective effect against cartilage degradation by downregulating the expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‑1, MMP‑3 and MMP‑13. In addition, the present results demonstrated that the effects of bexarotene were mediated through the p38 mitogen‑activated protein kinase/nuclear factor‑κB pathway, via inhibition of p38 protein and the inhibitor α of κB phosphorylation. Taken together, the present findings demonstrated the potential of RXR agonism using bexarotene as a treatment against the development and progression of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Li
- Ache Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471003, P.R. China
| | - Qunzhi Xing
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471003, P.R. China
| | - Yuanzhang Wei
- Ache Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471003, P.R. China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Ache Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471003, P.R. China
| | - Pei Zhang
- Ache Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471003, P.R. China
| | - Xuechang Han
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471003, P.R. China
| | - Jing Wang
- Ache Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471003, P.R. China
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15
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Zhang Z, Zhao G, Liu L, He J, Darwazeh R, Liu H, Chen H, Zhou C, Guo Z, Sun X. Bexarotene Exerts Protective Effects Through Modulation of the Cerebral Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Phenotypic Transformation by Regulating PPARγ/FLAP/LTB 4 After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Rats. Cell Transplant 2019; 28:1161-1172. [PMID: 31010302 PMCID: PMC6767892 DOI: 10.1177/0963689719842161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) play an important role after a subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). The changes in VSMCs following bexarotene treatment after SAH are unknown. In the present study, neurological impairment, decreased cerebral cortical blood flow and transformation of cerebral VSMCs from a contractile to a synthetic phenotype were observed after SAH. Bexarotene reduced neurological impairment, improved cerebral cortical blood flow, inhibited VSMC phenotypic transformation and suppressed the expression of 5-lipoxygenase-activating protein (FLAP) and leukotriene B4 (LTB4), which was partly reversed by GW9662, an inhibitor of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ). Mechanistically, sh-PPARγ-mediated phenotypic transformation of VSMCs was partially suppressed by MK886, an antagonist of FLAP. Therefore, we conclude that bexarotene reduced neurological impairment, improved cerebral cortical blood flow and inhibited the VSMC phenotypic transformation after SAH, which was achieved by activating PPARγ-mediated inhibition of FLAP/LTB4 in VSMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaosi Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guosheng Zhao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Liu Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Junchi He
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Rami Darwazeh
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Han Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chao Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zongduo Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaochuan Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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16
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Mediatory roles of leukotriene B 4 receptors in LPS-induced endotoxic shock. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5936. [PMID: 30976041 PMCID: PMC6459907 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42410-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis, a systemic inflammatory response syndrome caused by infection, is the most common disease in patients treated in intensive care units. Endotoxic shock, the most critical form of sepsis, is caused by gram-negative bacterial infection. However, the detailed mechanism of endotoxic shock remains unclear. In the present study, we observed that the production of leukotriene B4 (LTB4) and 12(S)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (HETE), inflammatory lipid mediators acting on LTB4 receptors (BLT1 and BLT2), was significantly upregulated in peritoneal lavage fluid (PF) and serum from an LPS-induced endotoxic shock mouse model. Furthermore, BLT1/2-dependent signaling pathways mediated the expression of IL-17, IL-6, and IL-1β, key cytokines for the development of endotoxic shock, via NF-κB activation in the LPS-induced endotoxic shock mouse model. Additionally, inhibition of BLT1/2 significantly attenuated inflammation and tissue damage associated with endotoxic shock and enhanced the survival rate of mice with this inflammatory complication. Together, these results suggest that LTB4 receptors play critical mediatory roles in the development of endotoxic shock. Our findings point to LTB4 receptors as potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of endotoxic shock.
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Oncogenic potential of truncated RXRα during colitis-associated colorectal tumorigenesis by promoting IL-6-STAT3 signaling. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1463. [PMID: 30931933 PMCID: PMC6443775 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09375-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinoid X receptor-alpha (RXRα) is a potent regulator of inflammatory responses; however, its therapeutic potential for inflammatory cancer remains to be explored. We previously discovered that RXRα is abnormally cleaved in tumor cells and tissues, producing a truncated RXRα (tRXRα). Here, we show that transgenic expression of tRXRα in mice accelerates the development of colitis-associated colon cancer (CAC). The tumorigenic effect of tRXRα is primarily dependent on its expression in myeloid cells, which results in interleukin-6 (IL-6) induction and STAT3 activation. Mechanistic studies reveal an extensive interaction between tRXRα and TRAF6 in the cytoplasm of macrophages, leading to TRAF6 ubiquitination and subsequent activation of the NF-κB inflammatory pathway. K-80003, a tRXRα modulator derived from nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) sulindac, suppresses the growth of tRXRα-mediated colorectal tumor by inhibiting the NF-κB-IL-6-STAT3 signaling cascade. These results provide new insight into tRXRα action and identify a promising tRXRα ligand for treating CAC.
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