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Feurer C, McGeary JE, Brick LA, Knopik VS, Carper MM, Palmer RHC, Gibb BE. Associations between depression-relevant genetic risk and youth stress exposure: Evidence of gene-environment correlations. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPATHOLOGY AND CLINICAL SCIENCE 2022; 131:457-466. [PMID: 35467896 PMCID: PMC9262038 DOI: 10.1037/abn0000757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Familial risk for depression is associated with youth exposure to self-generated dependent stressful life events and independent events that are out of youth's control. Familial risk includes both genetic and environmental influences, raising the question of whether genetic influences, specifically, are associated with youth exposure to both dependent and independent stressful life events. To address this question, this study examined the relation between a genome-wide association study (GWAS)-derived depression-based polygenic risk score (DEP-PRS) and youth experiences of dependent and independent stress. Participants were 180 youth (ages 8 to 14, 52.2% female) of European ancestry and their biological mothers recruited based on the presence versus absence of a history of major depressive disorder (MDD) in the mothers. Youth and mothers were interviewed every 6 months for 2 years regarding the occurrence of stressful life events, which were coded as independent or dependent (self-generated). Results indicated that youth's DEP-PRS and maternal history of MDD were uniquely associated with increased exposure to both dependent and independent events. Similar results were observed when examining major versus minor events separately, with the additional finding of a DEP-PRS × mother MDD interaction for major dependent events such that levels of moderate to severe dependent life stressors were highest among youth with high DEP-PRSs who also had mothers with MDD. These results not only support the presence of depression-relevant gene-environment correlations (rGEs), but also highlight the possibility that rather than only capturing depression-specific genetic liability, GWAS-derived polygenic risk scores may also capture genetic variance contributing to stress exposure. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Cope Feurer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago
| | - John E. McGeary
- Providence Veterans Affair Medical Center
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University
| | - Leslie A. Brick
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University
| | | | - Matthew M. Carper
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University
| | - Rohan H. C. Palmer
- Behavioral Genetics of Addiction Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Emory University
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Bahji A, Forth E, Hargreaves T, Harkness K. Genetic markers of the stress generation model: A systematic review. Psychiatry Res 2021; 304:114139. [PMID: 34371296 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2021.114139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
AIM Robust evidence suggests that depression, and risk for depression, are associated with the generation of stressful life events. This tendency to generate stress may be genetically determined. This systematic review aimed to identify specific molecular genetic markers associated with the generation of interpersonal stressful life events, at least in part dependent on individuals' behavior. METHOD We followed the PRISMA guidelines in searching six electronic databases (PubMed, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Cochrane, and EMBASE) from inception to January 2021, and we reviewed the reference lists of eligible articles for additional records. We restricted eligibility to empirical studies involving at least one genetic marker and including proximal life events. We evaluated the risk of bias using the Newcastle Ottawa Scale for observational studies. The outcome permitted a distinction between life events dependent on the individual's agency versus independent events. RESULTS Seven studies, including 3585 participants, met eligibility criteria. Three were longitudinal, and four were cross-sectional; six included adolescents and young adults, and one focused on middle adulthood. Four examined the serotonin-transporter-linked promoter region (5-HTTLPR), two examined the rs53576 single nucleotide polymorphism of the oxytocin receptor gene (OXTR), and one examined a multilocus genetic profile score including four hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis genes. There were no significant direct correlations between genotype and life events in any study. Instead, their relation was significantly moderated by symptoms, exposure to early adversity, or attachment. Consistent with the stress generation hypothesis, this moderation relation was significant in predicting exposure to dependent life events but was not significant in predicting independent life event exposure. CONCLUSIONS There is evidence that genetic variation in the serotonin, HPA axis, and oxytocin systems moderates the effects of psychosocial vulnerability markers on the generation of proximal, dependent life events. Future research should examine additional genetic markers in systems known to confer risk for stress generation. PROSPERO CRD42019136886.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anees Bahji
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.
| | - Evan Forth
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Tegan Hargreaves
- Department of Psychiatry, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Kate Harkness
- Department of Psychiatry, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada; Department of Psychology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
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Qadeer MI, Amar A, Huang YY, Min E, Galfalvy H, Hasnain S, Mann JJ. Association of serotonin system-related genes with homicidal behavior and criminal aggression in a prison population of Pakistani Origin. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1670. [PMID: 33462318 PMCID: PMC7813852 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81198-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The serotonin transporter (SLC6A4), 5-HT2A (HTR2A) and 5-HT2B (HTR2B) recepter genes, express proteins that are important regulators of serotonin reuptake and signaling, and thereby may contribute to the pathogenesis of aggressive criminal behavior. 370 sentenced murderers in Pakistani prisons and 359 men without any history of violence or criminal delinquency were genotyped for six candidate polymorphisms in SLC6A4, HTR2A and HTR2B genes. An association of higher expressing L/L and LA/LA variants of the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism was observed with homicidal behavior (bi-allelic: OR = 1.29, p = 0.016, tri-allelic: OR = 1.32, p = 0.015) and in the murderer group only with response to verbal abuse (OR = 2.11, p = 0.015), but not with other measures of self-reported aggression. L/L and LA/LA genotypes of the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism were associated with higher aggression scores on STAX1 scale of aggression compared to lower expressing genotypes (S/S, S/LG, LG/LG) in prison inmates. No associations were apparent for other serotonergic gene polymorphisms analyzed. Using the Braineac and GTEx databases, we demonstrated significant eQTL based functional effects for rs25531 in HTTLPR and other serotonergic polymorphisms analyzed in different brain regions and peripheral tissues. In conclusion, these findings implicate SLC6A4* HTTLPR as a major genetic determinant associated with criminal aggression. Future studies are needed to replicate this finding and establish the biologic intermediate phenotypes mediating this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Imran Qadeer
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab, Khyaban-e-Jamia Punjab, Lahore, 54600, Pakistan. .,Division of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, Department of Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Ali Amar
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Yung-Yu Huang
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, Department of Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eli Min
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, Department of Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hanga Galfalvy
- Mental Health Data Science Division, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shahida Hasnain
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab, Khyaban-e-Jamia Punjab, Lahore, 54600, Pakistan
| | - J John Mann
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, Department of Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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Matthijssen AFM, Dietrich A, Bierens M, Kleine Deters R, van de Loo-Neus GHH, van den Hoofdakker BJ, Buitelaar JK, Hoekstra PJ. Continued Benefits of Methylphenidate in ADHD After 2 Years in Clinical Practice: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Discontinuation Study. Am J Psychiatry 2019; 176:754-762. [PMID: 31109200 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2019.18111296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The benefits of long-term use of methylphenidate treatment in children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), as frequently prescribed in clinical practice, are unclear. The authors investigated whether methylphenidate remains beneficial after 2 years of use. METHODS Ninety-four children and adolescents (ages 8-18 years) who had been treated in regular care with methylphenidate for more than 2 years were randomly assigned to double-blind continuation of treatment for 7 weeks (36 or 54 mg/day of extended-release methylphenidate) or gradual withdrawal over 3 weeks, to 4 weeks of placebo. The primary outcome measure was the investigator-rated ADHD Rating Scale (ADHD-RS); secondary outcome measures were the investigator-rated Clinical Global Impressions improvement scale (CGI-I) and the Conners' Teacher Rating Scale-Revised: Short Form (CTRS-R:S). Continuous ratings were analyzed with mixed model for repeated measures analyses, and the CGI-I with a chi-square test. RESULTS The mean ADHD-RS scores at baseline for the continuation and discontinuation groups, respectively, were 21.4 (SD=9.7) and 19.6 (SD=8.9); after 7 weeks, the mean scores were 21.9 (SD=10.8) and 24.7 (SD=11.4), with a significant between-group difference in change over time of -4.6 (95% CI=-8.7, -0.56) in favor of the group that continued methylphenidate treatment. The ADHD-RS inattention subscale and the CTRS-R:S ADHD index and hyperactivity subscale also deteriorated significantly more in the discontinuation group. The CGI-I indicated worsening in 40.4% of the discontinuation group, compared with 15.9% of the continuation group. CONCLUSIONS Continued treatment with methylphenidate remains effective after long-term use. Some individual patients may, however, be withdrawn from methylphenidate without deterioration. This finding supports guideline recommendations that patients be assessed periodically to determine whether there is a continued need for methylphenidate treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Flore M Matthijssen
- The Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (Matthijssen, Dietrich, Kleine Deters, Van den Hoofdakker, Hoekstra); the Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Center Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (Bierens, Van de Loo-Neus); the Department of Clinical Psychology and Experimental Psychopathology, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (Van den Hoofdakker); and the Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior and the Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (Buitelaar)
| | - Andrea Dietrich
- The Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (Matthijssen, Dietrich, Kleine Deters, Van den Hoofdakker, Hoekstra); the Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Center Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (Bierens, Van de Loo-Neus); the Department of Clinical Psychology and Experimental Psychopathology, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (Van den Hoofdakker); and the Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior and the Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (Buitelaar)
| | - Margreet Bierens
- The Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (Matthijssen, Dietrich, Kleine Deters, Van den Hoofdakker, Hoekstra); the Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Center Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (Bierens, Van de Loo-Neus); the Department of Clinical Psychology and Experimental Psychopathology, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (Van den Hoofdakker); and the Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior and the Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (Buitelaar)
| | - Renee Kleine Deters
- The Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (Matthijssen, Dietrich, Kleine Deters, Van den Hoofdakker, Hoekstra); the Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Center Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (Bierens, Van de Loo-Neus); the Department of Clinical Psychology and Experimental Psychopathology, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (Van den Hoofdakker); and the Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior and the Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (Buitelaar)
| | - Gigi H H van de Loo-Neus
- The Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (Matthijssen, Dietrich, Kleine Deters, Van den Hoofdakker, Hoekstra); the Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Center Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (Bierens, Van de Loo-Neus); the Department of Clinical Psychology and Experimental Psychopathology, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (Van den Hoofdakker); and the Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior and the Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (Buitelaar)
| | - Barbara J van den Hoofdakker
- The Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (Matthijssen, Dietrich, Kleine Deters, Van den Hoofdakker, Hoekstra); the Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Center Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (Bierens, Van de Loo-Neus); the Department of Clinical Psychology and Experimental Psychopathology, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (Van den Hoofdakker); and the Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior and the Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (Buitelaar)
| | - Jan K Buitelaar
- The Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (Matthijssen, Dietrich, Kleine Deters, Van den Hoofdakker, Hoekstra); the Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Center Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (Bierens, Van de Loo-Neus); the Department of Clinical Psychology and Experimental Psychopathology, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (Van den Hoofdakker); and the Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior and the Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (Buitelaar)
| | - Pieter J Hoekstra
- The Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (Matthijssen, Dietrich, Kleine Deters, Van den Hoofdakker, Hoekstra); the Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Center Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (Bierens, Van de Loo-Neus); the Department of Clinical Psychology and Experimental Psychopathology, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (Van den Hoofdakker); and the Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior and the Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (Buitelaar)
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Musci RJ, Augustinavicius JL, Volk H. Gene-Environment Interactions in Psychiatry: Recent Evidence and Clinical Implications. Curr Psychiatry Rep 2019; 21:81. [PMID: 31410638 PMCID: PMC7340157 DOI: 10.1007/s11920-019-1065-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW We identify the recent evidence for gene-by-environment interaction studies in relation to psychiatric disorders. We focus on the key genotypic data as well as environmental exposures and how they interact to predict psychiatric disorders and psychiatric symptomatology. We direct our focus on the psychiatric outcomes that were focused on by the Psychiatric Genetics Consortium. RECENT FINDINGS Many of the studies focus on candidate gene approaches, with most of the studies drawing upon previous literature to decide the genes of interest. Other studies used a genome-wide approach. While some studies demonstrated positive replication of previous findings, replication is still an issue within gene-by-environment interaction studies. Gene-by-environment interaction research in psychiatry globally suggests some susceptibility to environmental exposures based on genotype; however, greater clarity is needed around the idea that genetic risk may not be disorder specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashelle J. Musci
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, 624 North Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Jura L. Augustinavicius
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, 624 North Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Heather Volk
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, 624 North Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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