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Oh Y, Morgan PL, Greenberg MT, Zucker TA, Landry SH. Between- and within-child level associations between externalizing and internalizing behavior problems in a nationally representative sample of US elementary school children. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2024; 65:1010-1021. [PMID: 38253062 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both transactional and common etiological models have been proposed as explanations of why externalizing behavior problems (EBP) and internalizing behavior problems (IBP) co-occur in children. Yet little research has empirically evaluated these competing theoretical explanations. We examined whether EBP and IBP are transactionally related at the within-child level while also identifying antecedents commonly associated with between-child differences in underlying stability of both EBP and IBP across elementary school. METHODS We analyzed a nationally representative and longitudinal sample of US schoolchildren (N = 7,326; 51% male) using random-intercept cross-lagged panel modeling (RI-CLPM). We used teacher ratings of EBP and IBP as annually assessed from the spring of kindergarten (Mage = 6.12 years) through the spring of 5th grade (Mage = 11.09 years). Early childhood antecedents included child internal (i.e. inhibitory control, cognitive flexibility, working memory, and language/literacy) and external factors (i.e. parental warmth, harsh parenting, parenting stress, and maternal depressive symptoms). RESULTS We found little evidence for within-child, transactional relations between EBP and IBP. Both types of behavior problems instead were substantially associated at the between-child level. Inhibitory control was the strongest common antecedent that explained this longitudinal overlap. Cognitive flexibility, working memory, language/literacy skills, and maternal depression contributed specifically to the stability of IBP. Measures of parenting were specific to the stability of EBP. CONCLUSIONS Common etiological factors rather than transactional relations better explain the co-occurrence of EBP and IBP during elementary school. Inhibitory control is a promising target of early intervention efforts for schoolchildren at risk of displaying both EBP and IBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoonkyung Oh
- Children's Learning Institute, Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas-Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Paul L Morgan
- Department of Health Policy, Management and Behavior, University at Albany, SUNY, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Mark T Greenberg
- Prevention Research Center, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Tricia A Zucker
- Children's Learning Institute, Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas-Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Susan H Landry
- Children's Learning Institute, Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas-Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
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Aitken M, Perquier F, Haltigan JD, Wang L, Andrade BF, Battaglia M, Szatmari P, Georgiades K. Individual- and family-level associations between child psychopathology and parenting. Dev Psychopathol 2024; 36:944-952. [PMID: 37017128 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579423000202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
Abstract
Parenting can protect against the development of, or increase risk for, child psychopathology; however, it is unclear if parenting is related to psychopathology symptoms in a specific domain, or to broad liability for psychopathology. Parenting differs between and within families, and both overall family-level parenting and the child-specific parenting a child receives may be important in estimating transdiagnostic associations with psychopathology. Data come from a cross-sectional epidemiological sample (N = 10,605 children ages 4-17, 6434 households). Parents rated child internalizing and externalizing symptoms and their parenting toward each child. General and specific (internalizing, externalizing) psychopathology factors, derived with bifactor modeling, were regressed on parenting using multilevel modeling. Less warmth and more aversive/inconsistent parenting in the family, and toward an individual child relative to family average, were associated with higher general psychopathology and specific externalizing problems. Unexpectedly, more warmth in the family, and toward an individual child relative to family average, was associated with higher specific internalizing problems in 4-11 (not 12-17) year-olds. Less warmth and more aversive/inconsistent parenting are broad correlates of child psychopathology. Aversive/inconsistent parenting, is also related to specific externalizing problems. Parents may behave more warmly when their younger children have specific internalizing problems, net of overall psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison Aitken
- Cundill Centre for Child and Youth Depression, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Florence Perquier
- Cundill Centre for Child and Youth Depression, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada
| | - John D Haltigan
- Cundill Centre for Child and Youth Depression, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Canada
- Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences & Offord Centre for Child Studies, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Brendan F Andrade
- Cundill Centre for Child and Youth Depression, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Marco Battaglia
- Cundill Centre for Child and Youth Depression, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Peter Szatmari
- Cundill Centre for Child and Youth Depression, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Canada
- Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Katholiki Georgiades
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences & Offord Centre for Child Studies, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
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Rodriguez-Thompson AM, Miller AB, Wade M, Meyer KN, Machlin L, Bonar AS, Patel KK, Giletta M, Hastings PD, Nock MK, Rudolph KD, Slavich GM, Prinstein MJ, Sheridan MA. Neural Correlates of the p Factor in Adolescence: Cognitive Control With and Without Enhanced Positive Affective Demands. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY. COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2024; 9:30-40. [PMID: 37062361 PMCID: PMC10576014 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2023.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent research has aimed to characterize processes underlying general liability toward psychopathology, termed the p factor. Given previous research linking the p factor with difficulties in both executive functioning and affective regulation, the present study investigated nonaffective and positive affective inhibition in the context of a sustained attention/inhibition paradigm in adolescents exhibiting mild to severe psychopathology. METHODS Functional magnetic resonance imaging data were collected during an integrated reward conditioning and go/no-go task in 138 adolescents assigned female at birth. We modeled the p factor using hierarchical confirmatory factor analysis. Positive affective inhibition was measured by examining responses to no-go stimuli with a history of reward conditioning. We examined associations between p factor scores and neural function and behavioral performance. RESULTS Consistent with nonaffective executive function as a primary risk factor, p factor scores were associated with worse behavioral performance and hypoactivation in the left superior frontal gyrus and middle frontal gyrus during response initiation (go trials). The p factor scores were additionally associated with increased error-related signaling in the temporal cortex during incorrect no-go trials. CONCLUSIONS During adolescence, a period characterized by heightened risk for emergent psychopathology, we observed unique associations between p factor scores and neural and behavioral indices of response initiation, which relies primarily on sustained attention. These findings suggest that shared variation in mental disorder categories is characterized in part by sustained attention deficits. While we did not find evidence that the p factor was associated with inhibition in this study, this observation is consistent with our hypothesis that the p factor would be related to nonaffective control processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaïs M Rodriguez-Thompson
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
| | - Adam Bryant Miller
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Mental Health Risk and Resilience Research Program, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Mark Wade
- Department of Applied Psychology and Human Development, University of Toronto, Toronto Ontario, Canada
| | - Kristin N Meyer
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Laura Machlin
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Adrienne S Bonar
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Kinjal K Patel
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Matteo Giletta
- Department of Developmental, Personality, and Social Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Paul D Hastings
- Center for Mind and Brain, University of California Davis, Davis, California
| | - Matthew K Nock
- Psychology Department and Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Karen D Rudolph
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois
| | - George M Slavich
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Mitchell J Prinstein
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Margaret A Sheridan
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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Guyon-Harris KL, Plamondon A, Humphreys KL, Wade M, Gleason MM, Tibu F, Nelson CA, Fox NA, Zeanah CH. Structure of Psychopathology in Romanian Preschool-Aged Children in an Epidemiological and a High-Risk Sample. JAACAP OPEN 2023; 1:173-183. [PMID: 38500494 PMCID: PMC10947222 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaacop.2023.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Objective Research on bifactor models of psychopathology in early childhood is limited to community samples with little longitudinal follow-up. We examined general and specific forms of psychopathology within 2 independent samples of preschool-aged Romanian children. Within a sample with children exposed to psychosocial deprivation, we also examined antecedents and longitudinal outcomes of the general factor. Method One sample consisted of 350 Romanian children (mean age = 39.7 months, SD = 10.9) from an epidemiological study; the second sample consisted of 170 Romanian children (mean age = 55.6 months, SD = 1.9) exposed to severe early-life deprivation, as well as community comparison children, with longitudinal follow-up at 8 and 12 years. Psychopathology symptoms were assessed through caregiver-reported structured clinical interviews. Results An SI-1 bifactor model of psychopathology was supported in both samples and included specific factors for externalizing, internalizing, and disturbed relatedness symptoms. In the second sample, longer duration of psychosocial deprivation and lower-quality caregiving were associated with higher scores on the general and all specific factors. Higher scores on the general factor were associated with later cognitive function, competence, and psychopathology symptoms. Considering all factors together, only the general factor explained variance in later childhood outcomes and was slightly stronger compared to a total symptom count for some, but not all, outcomes. Conclusion General psychopathology in early childhood explains meaningful variance in child outcomes across multiple domains of functioning in later childhood. However, important questions remain regarding its clinical utility and usefulness, given complex measurement and limited explanatory power beyond the more accessible approach of a total symptom count. Clinical trial registration information The Bucharest Early Intervention Project; https://clinicaltrials.gov/; NCT00747396.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine L Guyon-Harris
- Dr. Guyon-Harris is with the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Drs. Plamondon and Wade are with the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Dr. Plamondon is also with Université Laval, Quebec, Canada. Drs. Humphreys, Gleason, and Zeanah are with Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana. Dr. Humphreys is also with Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee. Dr. Gleason is also with Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia. Dr. Tibu is with Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava, Suceava, Romania. Dr. Nelson is with Boston Children's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, and Harvard Graduate School of Education, Boston, Massachusetts. Dr. Fox is with the University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, Maryland
| | - André Plamondon
- Dr. Guyon-Harris is with the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Drs. Plamondon and Wade are with the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Dr. Plamondon is also with Université Laval, Quebec, Canada. Drs. Humphreys, Gleason, and Zeanah are with Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana. Dr. Humphreys is also with Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee. Dr. Gleason is also with Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia. Dr. Tibu is with Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava, Suceava, Romania. Dr. Nelson is with Boston Children's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, and Harvard Graduate School of Education, Boston, Massachusetts. Dr. Fox is with the University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, Maryland
| | - Kathryn L Humphreys
- Dr. Guyon-Harris is with the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Drs. Plamondon and Wade are with the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Dr. Plamondon is also with Université Laval, Quebec, Canada. Drs. Humphreys, Gleason, and Zeanah are with Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana. Dr. Humphreys is also with Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee. Dr. Gleason is also with Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia. Dr. Tibu is with Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava, Suceava, Romania. Dr. Nelson is with Boston Children's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, and Harvard Graduate School of Education, Boston, Massachusetts. Dr. Fox is with the University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, Maryland
| | - Mark Wade
- Dr. Guyon-Harris is with the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Drs. Plamondon and Wade are with the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Dr. Plamondon is also with Université Laval, Quebec, Canada. Drs. Humphreys, Gleason, and Zeanah are with Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana. Dr. Humphreys is also with Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee. Dr. Gleason is also with Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia. Dr. Tibu is with Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava, Suceava, Romania. Dr. Nelson is with Boston Children's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, and Harvard Graduate School of Education, Boston, Massachusetts. Dr. Fox is with the University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, Maryland
| | - Mary Margaret Gleason
- Dr. Guyon-Harris is with the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Drs. Plamondon and Wade are with the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Dr. Plamondon is also with Université Laval, Quebec, Canada. Drs. Humphreys, Gleason, and Zeanah are with Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana. Dr. Humphreys is also with Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee. Dr. Gleason is also with Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia. Dr. Tibu is with Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava, Suceava, Romania. Dr. Nelson is with Boston Children's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, and Harvard Graduate School of Education, Boston, Massachusetts. Dr. Fox is with the University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, Maryland
| | - Florin Tibu
- Dr. Guyon-Harris is with the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Drs. Plamondon and Wade are with the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Dr. Plamondon is also with Université Laval, Quebec, Canada. Drs. Humphreys, Gleason, and Zeanah are with Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana. Dr. Humphreys is also with Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee. Dr. Gleason is also with Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia. Dr. Tibu is with Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava, Suceava, Romania. Dr. Nelson is with Boston Children's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, and Harvard Graduate School of Education, Boston, Massachusetts. Dr. Fox is with the University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, Maryland
| | - Charles A Nelson
- Dr. Guyon-Harris is with the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Drs. Plamondon and Wade are with the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Dr. Plamondon is also with Université Laval, Quebec, Canada. Drs. Humphreys, Gleason, and Zeanah are with Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana. Dr. Humphreys is also with Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee. Dr. Gleason is also with Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia. Dr. Tibu is with Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava, Suceava, Romania. Dr. Nelson is with Boston Children's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, and Harvard Graduate School of Education, Boston, Massachusetts. Dr. Fox is with the University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, Maryland
| | - Nathan A Fox
- Dr. Guyon-Harris is with the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Drs. Plamondon and Wade are with the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Dr. Plamondon is also with Université Laval, Quebec, Canada. Drs. Humphreys, Gleason, and Zeanah are with Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana. Dr. Humphreys is also with Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee. Dr. Gleason is also with Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia. Dr. Tibu is with Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava, Suceava, Romania. Dr. Nelson is with Boston Children's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, and Harvard Graduate School of Education, Boston, Massachusetts. Dr. Fox is with the University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, Maryland
| | - Charles H Zeanah
- Dr. Guyon-Harris is with the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Drs. Plamondon and Wade are with the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Dr. Plamondon is also with Université Laval, Quebec, Canada. Drs. Humphreys, Gleason, and Zeanah are with Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana. Dr. Humphreys is also with Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee. Dr. Gleason is also with Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia. Dr. Tibu is with Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava, Suceava, Romania. Dr. Nelson is with Boston Children's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, and Harvard Graduate School of Education, Boston, Massachusetts. Dr. Fox is with the University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, Maryland
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