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Dimitrov LV, Kaminski JW, Holbrook JR, Bitsko RH, Yeh M, Courtney JG, O'Masta B, Maher B, Cerles A, McGowan K, Rush M. A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Chemical Exposures and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Children. PREVENTION SCIENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR PREVENTION RESEARCH 2024; 25:225-248. [PMID: 38108946 PMCID: PMC11132938 DOI: 10.1007/s11121-023-01601-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to certain chemicals prenatally and in childhood can impact development and may increase risk for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Leveraging a larger set of literature searches conducted to synthesize results from longitudinal studies of potentially modifiable risk factors for childhood ADHD, we present meta-analytic results from 66 studies that examined the associations between early chemical exposures and later ADHD diagnosis or symptoms. Studies were eligible for inclusion if the chemical exposure occurred at least 6 months prior to measurement of ADHD diagnosis or symptomatology. Included papers were published between 1975 and 2019 on exposure to anesthetics (n = 5), cadmium (n = 3), hexachlorobenzene (n = 4), lead (n = 22), mercury (n = 12), organophosphates (n = 7), and polychlorinated biphenyls (n = 13). Analyses are presented for each chemical exposure by type of ADHD outcome reported (categorical vs. continuous), type of ADHD measurement (overall measures of ADHD, ADHD symptoms only, ADHD diagnosis only, inattention only, hyperactivity/impulsivity only), and timing of exposure (prenatal vs. childhood vs. cumulative), whenever at least 3 relevant effect sizes were available. Childhood lead exposure was positively associated with ADHD diagnosis and symptoms in all analyses except for the prenatal analyses (odds ratios (ORs) ranging from 1.60 to 2.62, correlation coefficients (CCs) ranging from 0.14 to 0.16). Other statistically significant associations were limited to organophosphates (CC = 0.11, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.03-0.19 for continuous measures of ADHD outcomes overall), polychlorinated biphenyls (CC = 0.08, 95% CI: 0.02-0.14 for continuous measures of inattention as the outcome), and both prenatal and childhood mercury exposure (CC = 0.02, 95% CI: 0.00-0.04 for continuous measures of ADHD outcomes overall for either exposure window). Our findings provide further support for negative impacts of prenatal and/or childhood exposure to certain chemicals and raise the possibility that primary prevention and targeted screening could prevent or mitigate ADHD symptomatology. Furthermore, these findings support the need for regular review of regulations as our scientific understanding of the risks posed by these chemicals evolves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina V Dimitrov
- Division of Human Development and Disability, National Center On Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN, USA.
| | - Jennifer W Kaminski
- Division of Human Development and Disability, National Center On Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Joseph R Holbrook
- Division of Human Development and Disability, National Center On Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Rebecca H Bitsko
- Division of Human Development and Disability, National Center On Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Michael Yeh
- Division of Environmental Health Science and Practice, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Joseph G Courtney
- Division of Environmental Health Science and Practice, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Brion Maher
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Abstract
We have structure, a wealth of kinetic data, thousands of chemical ligands and clinical information for the effects of a range of drugs on monoamine oxidase activity in vivo. We have comparative information from various species and mutations on kinetics and effects of inhibition. Nevertheless, there are what seem like simple questions still to be answered. This article presents a brief summary of existing experimental evidence the background and poses questions that remain intriguing for chemists and biochemists researching the chemical enzymology of and drug design for monoamine oxidases (FAD-containing EC 4.1.3.4).
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Anxiety in Children with Autism at School: a Systematic Review. REVIEW JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40489-019-00172-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Gao X, Liu J, Gong P, Wang J, Fang W, Yan H, Zhu L, Zhou X. Identifying new susceptibility genes on dopaminergic and serotonergic pathways for the framing effect in decision-making. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2018; 12:1534-1544. [PMID: 28431168 PMCID: PMC5629826 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsx062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The framing effect refers the tendency to be risk-averse when options are presented positively but be risk-seeking when the same options are presented negatively during decision-making. This effect has been found to be modulated by the serotonin transporter gene (SLC6A4) and the catechol-o-methyltransferase gene (COMT) polymorphisms, which are on the dopaminergic and serotonergic pathways and which are associated with affective processing. The current study aimed to identify new genetic variations of genes on dopaminergic and serotonergic pathways that may contribute to individual differences in the susceptibility to framing. Using genome-wide association data and the gene-based principal components regression method, we examined genetic variations of 26 genes on the pathways in 1317 Chinese Han participants. Consistent with previous studies, we found that the genetic variations of the SLC6A4 gene and the COMT gene were associated with the framing effect. More importantly, we demonstrated that the genetic variations of the aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase (DDC) gene, which is involved in the synthesis of both dopamine and serotonin, contributed to individual differences in the susceptibility to framing. Our findings shed light on the understanding of the genetic basis of affective decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxue Gao
- Center for Brain and Cognitive Sciences.,School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jinting Liu
- China Center for Special Economic Zone Research.,Research Centre for Brain Function and Psychological Science, Shenzhen University, Guangdong 518060, China
| | - Pingyuan Gong
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Ministry of Education), Northwest University, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Junhui Wang
- Research Institute of Educational Technology, South China Normal University, Guangdong 510631, China
| | - Wan Fang
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences.,School of Life Sciences
| | - Hongming Yan
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences.,School of Life Sciences
| | - Lusha Zhu
- Center for Brain and Cognitive Sciences.,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences.,PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research
| | - Xiaolin Zhou
- Center for Brain and Cognitive Sciences.,School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.,PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research.,Key Laboratory of Machine Perception (Ministry of Education).,Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
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5
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Gu F, Chauhan V, Chauhan A. Monoamine oxidase-A and B activities in the cerebellum and frontal cortex of children and young adults with autism. J Neurosci Res 2017; 95:1965-1972. [DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Gu
- NYS Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities; Staten Island New York
| | - Ved Chauhan
- NYS Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities; Staten Island New York
| | - Abha Chauhan
- NYS Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities; Staten Island New York
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Kerns CM, Wood JJ, Kendall PC, Renno P, Crawford EA, Mercado RJ, Fujii C, Collier A, Hoff A, Kagan ER, Small BJ, Lewin AB, Storch EA. The Treatment of Anxiety in Autism Spectrum Disorder (TAASD) Study: Rationale, Design and Methods. JOURNAL OF CHILD AND FAMILY STUDIES 2016; 25:1889-1902. [PMID: 28747814 PMCID: PMC5523838 DOI: 10.1007/s10826-016-0372-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes the rationale, design, and methods of the Treatment for Anxiety in Autism Spectrum Disorders study, a three-site randomized controlled trial investigating the relative efficacy of a modular CBT protocol for anxiety in ASD (Behavioral Interventions for Anxiety in Children with Autism) versus standard CBT for pediatric anxiety (the Coping Cat program) and a treatment-as-usual control. The trial is distinct in its scope, its direct comparison of active treatments for anxiety in ASD, and its comprehensive approach to assessing anxiety difficulties in youth with ASD. The trial will evaluate the relative benefits of CBT for children with ASD and investigate potential moderators (ASD severity, anxiety presentation, comorbidity) and mediators of treatment response, essential steps for future dissemination and implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor M. Kerns
- Departments of Psychology and Community Health and Prevention, A.J. Drexel Autism Insitute, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Adelphi University’s Center for Health Innovation, Garden City, NY, USA
| | - Jeffrey J. Wood
- Department of Education and Psychiatry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Patricia Renno
- Department of Education and Psychiatry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Cori Fujii
- Department of Education and Psychiatry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Amanda Collier
- Department of Pediatrics, Rothman Center for Neuropsychiatry, University of South Florida, St. Petersburg, FL, USA
| | - Alexandra Hoff
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Elana R. Kagan
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Brent J. Small
- Department of Pediatrics, Rothman Center for Neuropsychiatry, University of South Florida, St. Petersburg, FL, USA
| | - Adam B. Lewin
- Department of Pediatrics, Rothman Center for Neuropsychiatry, University of South Florida, St. Petersburg, FL, USA
| | - Eric A. Storch
- Department of Pediatrics, Rothman Center for Neuropsychiatry, University of South Florida, St. Petersburg, FL, USA
- Rogers Behavioral Health – Tampa Bay, Tampa, FL, USA
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Rovaris DL, Mota NR, da Silva BS, Girardi P, Victor MM, Grevet EH, Bau CH, Contini V. Should we keep on? Looking into pharmacogenomics of ADHD in adulthood from a different perspective. Pharmacogenomics 2015; 15:1365-81. [PMID: 25155937 DOI: 10.2217/pgs.14.95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
A considerable proportion of adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) do not respond to the treatment with methylphenidate. This scenario could be due to inherited interindividual differences that may alter pharmacologic treatment response. In this sense, in 2012 we conducted a systematic search on PUBMED-indexed literature for articles containing information about pharmacogenomics of ADHD in adults. Five studies were found on methylphenidate pharmacogenomics and the only significant association was reported by one particular study. However, this single association with the SLC6A3 gene was not replicated in two subsequent reports. In the present review, although we could not find additional pharmacogenomics studies, we discuss these up-to-date findings and suggest new approaches for this field. Additionally, using systeomic-oriented databases, we provide a broad picture of new possible candidate genes as well as potential gene-gene interactions to be investigated in pharmacogenomics of persistent ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego L Rovaris
- Departament of Genetics, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Brazil
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Voltas N, Aparicio E, Arija V, Canals J. Association study of monoamine oxidase-A gene promoter polymorphism (MAOA-uVNTR) with self-reported anxiety and other psychopathological symptoms in a community sample of early adolescents. J Anxiety Disord 2015; 31:65-72. [PMID: 25747527 DOI: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2015.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Revised: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The polymorphism upstream of the gene for monoamine oxidase A (MAOA-uVNTR) is reported to be an important enzyme involved in human physiology and behavior. With a sample of 228 early-adolescents from a community sample (143 girls) and adjusting for environmental variables, we examined the influence of MAOA-uVNTR alleles on the scores obtained in the Screen for Childhood Anxiety and Related Emotional Disorders and in the Child Symptom Inventory-4. Our results showed that girls with the high-activity MAOA allele had higher scores for generalized and total anxiety than their low-activity peers, whereas boys with the low-activity allele had higher social phobia scores than boys with the high-activity allele. Results for conduct disorder symptoms did not show a significant relationship between the MAOA alleles and the presence of these symptoms. Our findings support a possible association, depending on gender, between the MAOA-uVNTR polymorphism and psychopathological disorders such as anxiety, which affects high rates of children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Núria Voltas
- Research Center for Behavioral Assessment (CRAMC), Department of Psychology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Facultat de Ciències de l'Educació i Psicologia, Crta/ de Valls, s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; Nutrition and Mental Health Research Group (NUTRISAM), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Spain
| | - Estefania Aparicio
- Nutrition and Public Health Unit, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, C/ Sant Llorenç, 21, 43201 Reus, Spain; Nutrition and Mental Health Research Group (NUTRISAM), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Spain
| | - Victoria Arija
- Nutrition and Public Health Unit, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, C/ Sant Llorenç, 21, 43201 Reus, Spain; Nutrition and Mental Health Research Group (NUTRISAM), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Spain
| | - Josefa Canals
- Research Center for Behavioral Assessment (CRAMC), Department of Psychology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Facultat de Ciències de l'Educació i Psicologia, Crta/ de Valls, s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; Nutrition and Mental Health Research Group (NUTRISAM), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Spain.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Anxiety is one of the most common co-occurring psychiatric conditions in youth with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). This article reviews recent evidence as well as earlier relevant studies regarding the characteristics, assessment, and treatment of anxiety in youth with ASD. RECENT FINDINGS It is well established that the prevalence of anxiety in youth with an ASD is significantly greater than the prevalence of anxiety in the general population. Recent studies have highlighted the importance of informant, method, and instrument when measuring anxiety in this population. Despite the high prevalence, findings to date have been unable to identify any consistent risk factors for anxiety. New psychological treatments, including modified cognitive behavioral therapy for youth with high functioning ASD and co-occurring anxiety, are emerging. Pharmacological data, however, are scant. Existing studies show that youth with ASD are at increased risk for behavioral activation when taking SSRIs. SUMMARY Clinicians working with youth with ASD are encouraged to routinely screen for anxiety. Until further data are available, clinical judgment is needed when prescribing treatments, particularly selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, which require close monitoring of side-effects. Research on risk factors, pathophysiology, and treatment of this condition is needed.
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Gadow KD, Pinsonneault JK, Perlman G, Sadee W. Association of dopamine gene variants, emotion dysregulation and ADHD in autism spectrum disorder. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2014; 35:1658-1665. [PMID: 24780147 PMCID: PMC4084560 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2014.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2014] [Revised: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the association of dopaminergic gene variants with emotion dysregulation (EMD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Three dopamine transporter gene (SLC6A3/DAT1) polymorphisms (intron8 5/6 VNTR, 3'-UTR 9/10 VNTR, rs27072 in the 3'-UTR) and one dopamine D2 receptor gene (DRD2) variant (rs2283265) were selected for genotyping based on à priori evidence of regulatory activity or, in the case of DAT1 9/10 VNTR, commonly reported associations with ADHD. A sample of 110 children with ASD was assessed with a rigorously validated DSM-IV-referenced rating scale. Global EMD severity (parents' ratings) was associated with DAT1 intron8 (ηp(2)=.063) and rs2283265 (ηp(2)=.044). Findings for DAT1 intron8 were also significant for two EMD subscales, generalized anxiety (ηp(2)=.065) and depression (ηp(2)=.059), and for DRD2 rs2283265, depression (ηp(2)=.053). DRD2 rs2283265 was associated with teachers' global ratings of ADHD (ηp(2)=.052). DAT1 intron8 was associated with parent-rated hyperactivity (ηp(2)=.045) and both DAT1 9/10 VNTR (ηp(2)=.105) and DRD2 rs2283265 (ηp(2)=.069) were associated with teacher-rated inattention. These findings suggest that dopaminergic gene polymorphisms may modulate EMD and ADHD symptoms in children with ASD but require replication with larger independent samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth D Gadow
- Department of Psychiatry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8790, United States.
| | - Julia K Pinsonneault
- Department of Pharmacology, Center in Pharmacogenomics, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, 333 West 10th Avenue, Columbus 43210, United States.
| | - Greg Perlman
- Department of Psychiatry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8790, United States.
| | - Wolfgang Sadee
- Department of Pharmacology, Center in Pharmacogenomics, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, 333 West 10th Avenue, Columbus 43210, United States.
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Gadow KD, DeVincent CJ. Comparison of children with autism spectrum disorder with and without schizophrenia spectrum traits: gender, season of birth, and mental health risk factors. J Autism Dev Disord 2013; 42:2285-96. [PMID: 22361923 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-012-1473-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) with and without co-occurring schizophrenia spectrum traits (SST) were examined for differences in co-occurring psychiatric symptoms, background characteristics, and mental health risk factors. Participating mothers and teachers completed a DSM-IV-referenced rating scale and a background questionnaire (mothers only) describing 147 children (6-12 years) with ASD. There was a clear pattern of group differences in co-occurring psychiatric symptom severity (+SST > SST-) and background characteristics. Children with impairing SST had more mental health risk factors. Girls were more likely to be classified SST according to mothers' ratings. Children born in spring-summer were more likely to be classified non-SST by teachers' ratings. Findings provide tentative evidence that SST may be a useful marker of behavioral heterogeneity within the ASD clinical phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth D Gadow
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Cody Center for Autism and Developmental Disabilities (Pediatrics), Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8790, USA.
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12
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Gadow KD, DeVincent CJ, Siegal VI, Olvet DM, Kibria S, Kirsch SF, Hatchwell E. Allele-specific associations of 5-HTTLPR/rs25531 with ADHD and autism spectrum disorder. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2013; 40:292-7. [PMID: 23123360 PMCID: PMC3522768 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2012.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2012] [Revised: 10/15/2012] [Accepted: 10/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aims of the present study were to examine the association between a common serotonin transporter gene (SLC6A4) polymorphism 5-HTTLPR/rs25531 with severity of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) symptoms. METHODS Mothers and teachers completed a validated DSM-IV-referenced rating scale for ADHD and ASD symptoms in 118 children with ASD. RESULTS Analyses indicated that children with at least one copy of the S or L(G) allele obtained significantly more severe maternal ratings of hyperactivity (p=0.001; ηp(2)=0.097) and impulsivity (p=0.027; ηp(2)=0.044) but not inattention (p=0.061; ηp(2)=0.032), controlling for ASD severity, than children homozygous for the L(A) allele. Conversely, mothers' ratings indicated that children with L(A)/L(A) genotype had more severe ASD social deficits than S or L(G) allele carriers (p=0.003; ηp(2)=0.081), controlling for ADHD symptom severity. Teachers' ratings though consistent with mothers' ratings of hyperactivity and social deficits were marginally significant (p=0.07/p=0.09). There was some evidence that the magnitude of parent-teacher agreement regarding symptom severity varied as a function of the child's genotype. CONCLUSION The 5-HTTLPR/rs25531 polymorphism or its correlates may modulate severity of ADHD and ASD symptoms in children with ASD, but in different ways. These tentative, hypothesis-generating findings require replication with larger independent samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth D. Gadow
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8790, Phone: (631) 632-8858, FAX: (631) 632-8953,
| | - Carla J. DeVincent
- Department of Radiology, Stony Brook Medicine, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8460, Phone: (631) 638-2136,
| | - Victoria I. Siegal
- Department of Pathology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8088,
| | - Doreen M. Olvet
- Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology Division (MIND), New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University, 1051 Riverside Drive, Unit 42, New York, NY 10032, USA, Hillside Hospital
| | - Saniya Kibria
- School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8088,
| | - Sarah F. Kirsch
- School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8088,
| | - Eli Hatchwell
- Department of Pathology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8088,
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Gadow KD, Drabick DAG. Anger and irritability symptoms among youth with ODD: cross-informant versus source-exclusive syndromes. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY 2012; 40:1073-85. [PMID: 22581374 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-012-9637-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
We examined differences in co-occurring psychological symptoms and background characteristics among clinically referred youth with oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) with and without anger/irritability symptoms (AIS) according to either parent or teacher (source-exclusive) and both informants (cross-informant), youth with noncompliant symptoms (NS) of ODD, and non-ODD clinic controls. Parents and teachers evaluated 1127 youth (ages 6-18) with a DSM-IV-referenced rating scale to assess ODD and co-occurring psychological symptoms. Parents also completed a background questionnaire (demographic, developmental, treatment, relationship, and academic characteristics) and teachers rated school functioning. Source-exclusive AIS groups were associated with different clinical features, and there was some evidence that cross-informant youth had more mental health concerns than source-exclusive groups. Findings varied to some extent among older (12-18 years) versus younger (6-11 years) youth. In general, the NS group (youth without AIS) was the most similar to clinic controls. AIS and NS are likely candidates for component phenotypes in ODD and continued research into their pathogenesis may have important implications for nosology, etiology, and intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth D Gadow
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8790, USA.
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Li JJ, Lee SS. Association of positive and negative parenting behavior with childhood ADHD: interactions with offspring monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) genotype. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY 2012; 40:165-75. [PMID: 21826446 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-011-9553-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Relatively little is known about the potential interplay between genetic and environmental influences on attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), including gene-environment interaction (G×E). There is evidence that parenting behavior interacts with offspring genotype in the development of externalizing problems, but studies have largely focused on explicit maltreatment rather than differentiated measures of parenting behavior, including positive and negative parenting. We tested the interactive effects of the 30-base pair variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) polymorphism of the monoamine oxidase A gene (MAO-A) with positive and negative parenting behavior on parent- and teacher ratings of inattention and hyperactivity symptoms among 150 6-9 year-old boys with and without ADHD. Negative parenting predicted parent and teacher ratings of inattention symptoms, but only among boys with high-activity MAO-A genotype. MAO-A genotype did not moderate the association of positive parenting and parent- and teacher ratings of ADHD. We discuss the potential role of interactive exchanges between parenting behavior and child genotype in the development and persistence of ADHD and related behavior problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- James J Li
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1563, USA
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Sapra S, Beavin LE, Zak PJ. A combination of dopamine genes predicts success by professional Wall Street traders. PLoS One 2012; 7:e30844. [PMID: 22292056 PMCID: PMC3265532 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0030844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2011] [Accepted: 12/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
What determines success on Wall Street? This study examined if genes affecting dopamine levels of professional traders were associated with their career tenure. Sixty professional Wall Street traders were genotyped and compared to a control group who did not trade stocks. We found that distinct alleles of the dopamine receptor 4 promoter (DRD4P) and catecholamine-O-methyltransferase (COMT) that affect synaptic dopamine were predominant in traders. These alleles are associated with moderate, rather than very high or very low, levels of synaptic dopamine. The activity of these alleles correlated positively with years spent trading stocks on Wall Street. Differences in personality and trading behavior were also correlated with allelic variants. This evidence suggests there may be a genetic basis for the traits that make one a successful trader.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve Sapra
- Center for Neuroeconomics Studies, Claremont Graduate University, Claremont, California, United States of America
| | - Laura E. Beavin
- Center for Neuroeconomics Studies, Claremont Graduate University, Claremont, California, United States of America
| | - Paul J. Zak
- Center for Neuroeconomics Studies, Claremont Graduate University, Claremont, California, United States of America
- Department of Economics, Claremont Graduate University, Claremont, California, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Lundström S, Chang Z, Kerekes N, Gumpert CH, Råstam M, Gillberg C, Lichtenstein P, Anckarsäter H. Autistic-like traits and their association with mental health problems in two nationwide twin cohorts of children and adults. Psychol Med 2011; 41:2423-2433. [PMID: 21426604 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291711000377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autistic-like traits (ALTs), that is restrictions in intuitive social interaction, communication and flexibility of interests and behaviors, were studied in two population-based Swedish twin studies, one in children and one in adults: (1) to examine whether the variability in ALTs is a meaningful risk factor for concomitant attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), anxiety, conduct problems, depression and substance abuse, and (2) to assess whether common genetic and environmental susceptibilities can help to explain co-existence of ALTs and traits associated with such concomitant problems. METHOD Two nationwide twin cohorts from Sweden (consisting of 11 222 children and 18 349 adults) were assessed by DSM-based symptom algorithms for autism. The twins were divided into six groups based on their degree of ALTs and the risk for concomitant mental health problems was calculated for each group. Genetic and environmental susceptibilities common to ALTs and the other problem types were examined using bivariate twin modeling. RESULTS In both cohorts, even the lowest degree of ALTs increased the risk for all other types of mental health problems, and these risk estimates increased monotonically with the number of ALTs. For all conditions, common genetic and environmental factors could be discerned. Overall, the phenotypic correlation between ALTs and the traits examined were less pronounced in adulthood than in childhood and less affected by genetic compared with environmental factors. CONCLUSIONS Even low-grade ALTs are relevant to clinical psychiatry as they increase the risk for several heterotypical mental health problems. The association is influenced partly by common genetic and environmental susceptibilities. Attention to co-existing ALTs is warranted in research on a wide range of mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Lundström
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.
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Tassone F, Qi L, Zhang W, Hansen RL, Pessah IN, Hertz-Picciotto I. MAOA, DBH, and SLC6A4 variants in CHARGE: a case-control study of autism spectrum disorders. Autism Res 2011; 4:250-61. [PMID: 21538940 PMCID: PMC3151322 DOI: 10.1002/aur.196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2010] [Accepted: 03/13/2011] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Genetic factors are established to contribute to the development of autism. We examined three loci, serotonin transporter (SLC6A4), dopamine β-hydroxylase (DBH), and the variable number of tandem repeat promoter of the monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) for association with autism in participants from the Childhood Autism Risks from Genetics and the Environment (CHARGE ) Study, the first large-scale population-based case-control investigation of both environmental and genetic contributions to autism risk. Among male children enrolled in the CHARGE study we tested associations between each of the three polymorphisms and autism (AU) (n = 119), or a combined group of autism and other autism spectrum disorders (AU+ASD, which includes an additional n = 53) as compared with typically developing controls (TD, n = 137). The case-control association analysis showed neither SLC6A4 nor DBH to be statistically significantly associated with AU or ASD. However, the male children carrying 4 tandem repeats in the promoter region of the MAOA gene showed a two-fold higher risk of AU (or AU+ASD) than those carrying allele 3, adjusted for confounders (OR = 2.02, 95% CI = 1.12, 3.65, P = 0.02 for AU vs. TD, and OR = 2.05, 95% CI = 1.19, 3.53, P = 0.01 for ASD vs. TD). In addition, children of mothers homozygous for the 4 tandem repeat allele showed at least a three-fold higher risk of AU (or AU+ASD) than those with mothers homozygous for allele 3 (OR = 3.07, 95% CI = 1.19, 7.91, P = 0.02 for AU vs. TD, and OR = 3.26, 95% CI = 1.35, 7.89, P = 0.009 for AU+ASD vs. TD). These results suggest a potential role of the functional MAOA promoter alleles in the male child, the mother, or both in ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flora Tassone
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA.
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Cohen IL, Liu X, Lewis MES, Chudley A, Forster-Gibson C, Gonzalez M, Jenkins EC, Brown WT, Holden JJA. Autism severity is associated with child and maternal MAOA genotypes. Clin Genet 2011; 79:355-62. [PMID: 20573161 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0004.2010.01471.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Autism severity is associated with child and maternal MAOA genotypes. We replicated and extended a previously reported association between autism severity and a functional polymorphism in the monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) promoter region, MAOA-uVNTR, in a sample of 119 males, aged 2-13 years, with autism spectrum disorder from simplex families. We demonstrated that (i) boys with the low activity 3-repeat MAOA allele had more severe sensory behaviors, arousal regulation problems, and aggression, and worse social communication skills than males with the high activity allele; and (ii) problems with aggression, as well as with fears and rituals, were modified by the mothers' genotype. Boys with the 4-repeat high activity allele who had homozygous 4-repeat mothers showed increased severity of these behaviors relative to those born to heterozygous mothers. These findings indicate the importance of considering maternal genotype in examining associations of MAOA and other genes with behavior in male offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- I L Cohen
- Department of Psychology, NYS Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, 1050 Forest Hill Road, Staten Island, NY 10314, USA.
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Bortolato M, Shih JC. Behavioral outcomes of monoamine oxidase deficiency: preclinical and clinical evidence. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2011; 100:13-42. [PMID: 21971001 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-386467-3.00002-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Monoamine oxidase (MAO) isoenzymes A and B are mitochondrial-bound proteins, catalyzing the oxidative deamination of monoamine neurotransmitters as well as xenobiotic amines. Although they derive from a common ancestral progenitor gene, are located at X-chromosome and display 70% structural identity, their substrate preference, regional distribution, and physiological role are divergent. In fact, while MAO-A has high affinity for serotonin and norepinephrine, MAO-B primarily serves the catabolism of 2-phenylethylamine (PEA) and contributes to the degradation of other trace amines and dopamine. Convergent lines of preclinical and clinical evidence indicate that variations in MAO enzymatic activity--due to either genetic or environmental factors--can exert a profound influence on behavioral regulation and play a role in the pathophysiology of a large spectrum of mental and neurodegenerative disorders, ranging from antisocial personality disorder to Parkinson's disease. Over the past few years, numerous advances have been made in our understanding of the phenotypical variations associated with genetic polymorphisms and mutations of the genes encoding for both isoenzymes. In particular, novel findings on the phenotypes of MAO-deficient mice are highlighting novel potential implications of both isoenzymes in a broad spectrum of mental disorders, ranging from autism and anxiety to impulse-control disorders and ADHD. These studies will lay the foundation for future research on the neurobiological and neurochemical bases of these pathological conditions, as well as the role of gene × environment interactions in the vulnerability to several mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Bortolato
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Naoi M, Maruyama W, Inaba-Hasegawa K, Akao Y. Type A monoamine oxidase regulates life and death of neurons in neurodegeneration and neuroprotection. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2011; 100:85-106. [PMID: 21971004 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-386467-3.00005-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In Parkinson's disease, type B monoamine oxidase (MAO-B) is proposed to play an important role in the pathogenesis through production of reactive oxygen species and neurotoxins from protoxicants, such as 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine. In addition, inhibitors of MAO-B protect neurons in the cellular and animal models of Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases. However, the role of type A MAO (MAO-A) in neuronal death and neuroprotection by MAO-B inhibitors has been scarcely elucidated. This chapter presents our recent results on the involvement of MAO-A in the activation of mitochondrial death signal pathway and in the induction of prosurvival genes to prevent cell death with MAO-B inhibitors. The roles of MAO-A in the regulation of neuronal survival and death are discussed in concern to find a novel strategy to protect neurons in age-associated neurodegenerative disorders and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Naoi
- Department of Neurosciences, Gifu International Institute of Biotechnology, Kakamigahara, Gifu, Japan
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21
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Wood JJ, Gadow KD. Exploring the nature and function of anxiety in youth with autism spectrum disorders. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-2850.2010.01220.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Glutamate transporter gene (SLC1A1) single nucleotide polymorphism (rs301430) and repetitive behaviors and anxiety in children with autism spectrum disorder. J Autism Dev Disord 2010; 40:1139-45. [PMID: 20155310 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-010-0961-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Investigated association of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs301430 in glutamate transporter gene (SLC1A1) with severity of repetitive behaviors (obsessive-compulsive behaviors, tics) and anxiety in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Mothers and/or teachers completed a validated DSM-IV-referenced rating scale for 67 children with autism spectrum disorder. Although analyses were not significant for repetitive behaviors, youths homozygous for the high expressing C allele had more severe anxiety than carriers of the T allele. Allelic variation in SLC1A1 may be a biomarker for or modifier of anxiety symptom severity in children with ASD, but study findings are best conceptualized as tentative pending replication with larger independent samples.
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23
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Gadow KD, DeVincent CJ, Pisarevskaya V, Olvet DM, Xu W, Mendell N, Finch SJ, Hatchwell E. Parent-child DRD4 genotype as a potential biomarker for oppositional, anxiety, and repetitive behaviors in children with autism spectrum disorder. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2010; 34:1208-14. [PMID: 20600463 PMCID: PMC2939241 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2010.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2010] [Revised: 06/21/2010] [Accepted: 06/22/2010] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The primary objective of the present study was to examine whether a combination of parent-child DRD4 genotypes results in more informative biomarkers of oppositional, separation anxiety, and repetitive behaviors in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Based on prior research indicating the 7-repeat allele as a potential risk variant, participants were sorted into one of four combinations of parent-child genotypes. Owing to the possibility of parent-of-origin effects, analyses were conducted separately for mother-child (MC) and father-child (FC) dyads. Mothers completed a validated DSM-IV-referenced rating scale. Partial eta-squared (ηp(2)) was used to determine the magnitude of group differences: 0.01-0.06=small, 0.06-0.14=moderate, and >0.14=large. Analyses indicated that children in MC dyads with matched genotypes had the least (7-/7-) and most (7+/7+) severe mother-rated oppositional-defiant (ηp(2)=0.11) and separation anxiety (ηp(2)=0.19) symptoms. Conversely, youths in FC dyads with matched genotypes had the least (7-/7-) and most (7+/7+) severe obsessive-compulsive behaviors (ηp(2)=0.19) and tics (ηp(2)=0.18). Youths whose parents were both noncarriers had less severe tics than peers with at least one parental carrier, and the effect size was large (ηp(2)=0.16). There was little evidence that noncarrier children were rated more severely by mothers who were carriers versus noncarriers. Transmission Disequilibrium Test analyses provided preliminary evidence for undertransmission of the 2-repeat allele in youths with more severe tics (p=0.02). Parent genotype may be helpful in constructing prognostic biomarkers for behavioral disturbances in ASD; however, findings are tentative pending replication with larger, independent samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth D. Gadow
- Correspondence: Kenneth D. Gadow, Ph.D., Department of Psychiatry, Putnam Hall, South Campus State University of New York, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8790, Phone: (631) 632-8858, FAX: (631) 632-8953
| | - Carla J. DeVincent
- Department of Pediatrics, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8788, Phone: (631) 632-3042, FAX: (631) 632-3021,
| | | | - Doreen M. Olvet
- Zucker Hillside Hospital, Psychiatry Research, North Shore – Long Island Jewish Health System, Glen Oaks, NY 11004,
| | - Wenjie Xu
- Department of Applied mathematics and Statistics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8088,
| | - Nancy Mendell
- Department of Applied mathematics and Statistics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8088,
| | - Stephen J. Finch
- Department of Applied mathematics and Statistics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8088,
| | - Eli Hatchwell
- Department of Pathology, Director of the Genomics Core Facility and Associate Professor, HSC-T8, Room 053, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8088, Phone: 631-444-1206, FAX: 631-444-3129,
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Gadow KD, DeVincent CJ, Olvet DM, Pisarevskaya V, Hatchwell E. Association of DRD4 polymorphism with severity of oppositional defiant disorder, separation anxiety disorder and repetitive behaviors in children with autism spectrum disorder. Eur J Neurosci 2010; 32:1058-65. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2010.07382.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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25
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Rommelse NNJ, Franke B, Geurts HM, Hartman CA, Buitelaar JK. Shared heritability of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2010; 19:281-95. [PMID: 20148275 PMCID: PMC2839489 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-010-0092-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 352] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2009] [Accepted: 01/08/2010] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are both highly heritable neurodevelopmental disorders. Evidence indicates both disorders co-occur with a high frequency, in 20-50% of children with ADHD meeting criteria for ASD and in 30-80% of ASD children meeting criteria for ADHD. This review will provide an overview on all available studies [family based, twin, candidate gene, linkage, and genome wide association (GWA) studies] shedding light on the role of shared genetic underpinnings of ADHD and ASD. It is concluded that family and twin studies do provide support for the hypothesis that ADHD and ASD originate from partly similar familial/genetic factors. Only a few candidate gene studies, linkage studies and GWA studies have specifically addressed this co-occurrence, pinpointing to some promising pleiotropic genes, loci and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), but the research field is in urgent need for better designed and powered studies to tackle this complex issue. We propose that future studies examining shared familial etiological factors for ADHD and ASD use a family-based design in which the same phenotypic (ADHD and ASD), candidate endophenotypic, and environmental measurements are obtained from all family members. Multivariate multi-level models are probably best suited for the statistical analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanda N J Rommelse
- Department of Psychiatry, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Reinier Postlaan 10, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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26
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Gadow KD, Roohi J, DeVincent CJ, Kirsch S, Hatchwell E. Association of COMT (Val158Met) and BDNF (Val66Met) gene polymorphisms with anxiety, ADHD and tics in children with autism spectrum disorder. J Autism Dev Disord 2009; 39:1542-51. [PMID: 19582565 PMCID: PMC4348067 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-009-0794-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2009] [Accepted: 06/15/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study is to examine rs4680 (COMT) and rs6265 (BDNF) as genetic markers of anxiety, ADHD, and tics. Parents and teachers completed a DSM-IV-referenced rating scale for a total sample of 67 children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Both COMT (p = 0.06) and BDNF (p = 0.07) genotypes were marginally significant for teacher ratings of social phobia (etap (2) = 0.06). Analyses also indicated associations of BDNF genotype with parent-rated ADHD (p = 0.01, etap (2) = 0.10) and teacher-rated tics (p = 0.04; etap (2) = 0.07). There was also evidence of a possible interaction (p = 0.02, etap (2) = 0.09) of BDNF genotype with DAT1 3' VNTR with tic severity. BDNF and COMT may be biomarkers for phenotypic variation in ASD, but these preliminary findings remain tentative pending replication with larger, independent samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth D. Gadow
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, State University of New York, Putnam Hall, South Campus, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8790, USA
| | - Jasmin Roohi
- Department of Genetics, Stony Brook University, Health Sciences Tower T8-053, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8088, USA,
| | - Carla J. DeVincent
- Department of Pediatrics, Cody Center for Autism and Developmental Disabilities, State University of New York, Putnam Hall, South Campus, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8788, USA,
| | - Sarah Kirsch
- Department of Pathology, State University of New York, HSC-T8, Room 053, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8088, USA,
| | - Eli Hatchwell
- Department of Pathology, State University of New York, HSC-T8, Room 053, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8088, USA,
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Dlugos AM, Palmer AA, de Wit H. Negative emotionality: monoamine oxidase B gene variants modulate personality traits in healthy humans. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2009; 116:1323-34. [PMID: 19657584 PMCID: PMC3653168 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-009-0281-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2009] [Accepted: 07/22/2009] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Monoamine oxidase A and B (MAOA and MAOB) appear to be involved in the pathogenesis of Major Depression, and vulnerability of Major Depression is associated with personality traits relating to positive and negative affect. This study aimed to investigate associations between MAOA and MAOB polymorphisms and personality traits of positive and negative emotionality in healthy volunteers, to elucidate mechanisms underlying personality and the risk for depression. Healthy Caucasian volunteers (N = 150) completed the Multiphasic Personality Questionnaire (MPQ), which includes independent superfactors of Positive Emotionality and Negative Emotionality. Participants were genotyped for 8 MAOA and 12 MAOB single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Association analyses for both SNPs and haplotypes were performed using the permutation approach implemented in PLINK. Negative Emotionality was significantly associated with the two highly linked MAOB polymorphisms rs10521432 and rs6651806 (p < 0.002). Findings were extended in haplotype analyses. For MAOB the 4-SNP haplotype GACG formed from rs1799836, rs10521432, rs6651806 and rs590551 was significantly related to lower Negative Emotionality scores (p < 0.002). MAOA was not related to personality in this study. Our finding provides the first evidence that MAOB polymorphisms influence levels of negative emotionality in healthy human volunteers. If confirmed, these results could lead to a better understanding of personality traits and inter-individual susceptibility developing psychiatric disorders such as major depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea M. Dlugos
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, The University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Ave, Chicago, IL MC3077, USA,
| | - Abraham A. Palmer
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, The University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Ave, Chicago, IL MC3077, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Harriet de Wit
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, The University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Ave, Chicago, IL MC3077, USA,
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Gadow KD, Roohi J, DeVincent CJ, Hatchwell E. Association of ADHD, tics, and anxiety with dopamine transporter (DAT1) genotype in autism spectrum disorder. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2008; 49:1331-8. [PMID: 19120712 PMCID: PMC4349425 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2008.01952.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is associated with high rates of psychiatric disturbance to include attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), tic disorder, and anxiety disorders. The aim of the present study was to examine the association between a variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) functional polymorphism located in the 3'-untranslated region of the dopamine transporter gene (DAT1) and the severity of these symptoms as well as the association between the DAT1 DdeI polymorphism and severity of tics. METHODS Parents (n = 62) and teachers (n = 57) completed a DSM-IV-referenced rating scale for 67 children with ASD. RESULTS According to parent ratings, children with the 10-10 repeat allele (versus a combined group of all other genotypes) exhibited less severe symptoms of hyperactivity and impulsivity as well as less severe language deficits. Teacher ratings indicated that social anxiety and tic symptoms were more severe for children with the 10-10 genotype versus all others. Exploratory analyses provided preliminary support for the notion that heterozygosity (9-10 repeat genotype) may be a risk/protective factor. There were no associations of tic severity with the DAT1 DdeI polymorphism. CONCLUSION Collectively, these results suggest that the extraordinary variability in ASD clinical phenotypes may be explained in part by the same genes that are implicated in a host of other psychiatric disorders in non-ASD populations. Nevertheless, replication with independent samples is necessary to confirm this preliminary finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth D Gadow
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8790, USA.
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Validation of DSM-IV Model of Psychiatric Syndromes in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders. J Autism Dev Disord 2008; 39:278-89. [DOI: 10.1007/s10803-008-0622-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2008] [Accepted: 07/04/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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