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Wang Y, Chen X, Wang A, Jordan LP, Lu S. Research Review: Grandparental care and child mental health - a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2024; 65:568-586. [PMID: 38171720 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The number of children residing in grandfamilies is growing worldwide, leading to more research attention on grandparental care over the past decades. Grandparental care can influence child well-being in various forms and the effects vary across contexts. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we synthesize the evidence on the relation between grandparental care and children's mental health status. METHODS We identified 5,745 records from seven databases, among which 38 articles were included for review. Random effects meta-analyses were used to synthesize evidence from eligible studies. We also examined the variability across study and participant characteristics, including study design, recruitment method, child age, child gender, study region, family type, comparison group, and outcome rater. RESULTS The meta-analysis consisted of 344,860 children from the included studies, whose average age was 10.29, and of which 51.39% were female. Compared with their counterparts, children being cared for by their grandparents had worse mental health status, including more internalizing problems (d = -0.20, 95% CI [-0.31, -0.09], p = .001), externalizing problems (d = -0.11, 95% CI [-0.21, -0.01], p = .03), overall mental problems (d = -0.37, 95% CI [-0.70, -0.04], p = .03), and poorer socioemotional well-being (d = -0.26, 95% CI [-0.49, -0.03], p = .03). The effects varied by study design and child gender. CONCLUSIONS The findings highlight that grandparental care is negatively associated with child mental health outcomes with trivial-to-small effect sizes. More supportive programs and interventions should be delivered to grandfamilies, especially in disadvantaged communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihang Wang
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Xintai Chen
- Department of Social Work, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong
| | - Anzhuo Wang
- Department of Sociology, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau
| | - Lucy Porter Jordan
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Shuang Lu
- School of Social Work, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
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Robinson A, Jongenelis MI, Morley B, Talati Z. Exploring grandparents' receptivity to and preferences for a grandchild nutrition-focused intervention: A qualitative study. Aust N Z J Public Health 2023; 47:100001. [PMID: 36669246 DOI: 10.1016/j.anzjph.2022.100001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Interventions promoting healthy eating in children typically overlook the critical role of grandparent caregivers. Utilising a co-design approach, this study (i) assessed the receptiveness of grandparents to a nutrition-focused resource aimed at promoting healthy eating in their grandchildren and (ii) explored grandparents' preferences for resource delivery and dissemination. METHODS Seventy-nine grandparents (58% female; mean age=69.37 years) who were secondary carers to a grandchild aged 3-12 years participated in one of 10 focus groups. Focus group transcripts were imported into NVivo for coding and semantic thematic analysis. RESULTS The vast majority of focus groups (n=9) were receptive to receiving a nutrition-focused resource. Participants indicated that such a resource should contain strategies that help grandparents promote healthy eating in their grandchildren rather than outline what grandchildren should be fed. A range of delivery (pamphlets, seminars and fridge magnets) and dissemination (online, email) methods were suggested. CONCLUSIONS A nutrition resource that equips grandparents with the strategies they need to promote healthy eating in their grandchildren would likely be welcomed. IMPLICATIONS FOR PUBLIC HEALTH Results provide program developers with the preliminary information required to tailor childhood lifestyle interventions to the needs of grandparents, thus helping increase acceptability and uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abby Robinson
- Melbourne Centre for Behaviour Change, Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Michelle I Jongenelis
- Melbourne Centre for Behaviour Change, Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia.
| | - Belinda Morley
- Centre for Behavioural Research in Cancer, Cancer Council Victoria, 615 St Kilda Road, Melbourne, Victoria, 3004, Australia
| | - Zenobia Talati
- School of Population Health, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, Western Australia, 6102, Australia
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Jongenelis MI, Morley B, Worrall C, Talati Z. Grandparents' perceptions of the barriers and strategies to providing their grandchildren with a healthy diet: A qualitative study. Appetite 2020; 159:105061. [PMID: 33271201 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2020.105061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Grandparents are playing an increasingly important role in shaping their grandchildren's nutritional environment. Evidence-based interventions tailored to grandparents thus constitute a potential means of promoting healthy eating among children. For such interventions to be effective, they must account for the unique issues encountered by grandparents. However, research examining the potential needs of grandparents is limited. The present study thus explored (i) grandparents' perceptions of the barriers to providing their grandchildren with healthy food and minimizing consumption of unhealthy food and (ii) the strategies grandparents believe help increase their grandchildren's consumption of healthy food and reduce intake of unhealthy food. Seventy-nine grandparents, each of whom provided care to at least one grandchild aged 3-12 years, participated in one of ten focus groups. Transcripts from each of the groups were imported into NVivo for qualitative coding and semantic thematic analysis. The food preferences of their grandchildren, the promotion of unhealthy food consumption by their grandchildren's parents, advertising of unhealthy food, and peer pressure were the most frequently cited barriers to healthy food consumption. Grandparents reported using multiple strategies to increase their grandchildren's fruit and vegetable consumption and minimize unhealthy food intake. The most common were disguising vegetables, making fruit and vegetables appealing, managing child eating (e.g., limiting access to unhealthy food), saying no to requests for unhealthy food, involving grandchildren in meal planning and cooking, and using rewards. Findings suggest that grandparents may need support with managing food preferences and navigating and negotiating complex relations with parents regarding child feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle I Jongenelis
- Melbourne Centre for Behaviour Change, Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia; School of Psychology, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, Western Australia, 6102, Australia.
| | - Belinda Morley
- Centre for Behavioural Research in Cancer, Cancer Council Victoria, 615 St Kilda Road, Melbourne, Victoria, 3004, Australia.
| | - Caitlin Worrall
- School of Psychology, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, Western Australia, 6102, Australia.
| | - Zenobia Talati
- School of Psychology, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, Western Australia, 6102, Australia.
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Prendeville P, Kinsella W. The Role of Grandparents in Supporting Families of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Family Systems Approach. J Autism Dev Disord 2019; 49:738-749. [PMID: 30229360 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-018-3753-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
A family systems approach is required to identify the needs of families of children with autism. This paper explores how grandparents support children with autism and their parents using a family systems perspective. A thematic analysis of eighteen semi-structured interviews was conducted with participants from nine families, capturing experiences of both parents' and grandparents'. Themes identified were family recalibrating; strengthening the family system; and current needs and future concerns of grandparents. The views of families indicated the overwhelming need to acknowledge the grandparental role in supporting families that strengthen the family system by supporting the needs of a child with autism. Findings revealed that grandfathers have a calming role in these families where children have significant behavioural difficulties.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Prendeville
- Enable Ireland Children's Services, Lavanagh House, Cork, Ireland. .,School of Education, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - W Kinsella
- School of Education, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Rogers E, Bell L, Mehta K. Exploring the Role of Grandparents in the Feeding of Grandchildren Aged 1-5 Years. JOURNAL OF NUTRITION EDUCATION AND BEHAVIOR 2019; 51:300-306. [PMID: 30318273 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneb.2018.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Early childhood is a crucial time for the development of eating behaviors and food preferences. With increased labor force participation by Australian mothers of young children, grandparents are acting as the main informal carers of grandchildren. Therefore, grandparents have the capacity to influence the feeding of young children and thus their eating behaviors. DESIGN Eleven semistructured qualitative interviews. SETTING Suburban Adelaide, South Australia. PARTICIPANTS Grandparents (n = 11; 9 grandmothers and 2 grandfathers). PHENOMENON OF INTEREST To gain insight into grandparental perspectives, beliefs, and opinions regarding the feeding of grandchildren aged 1-5 years. ANALYSIS Interviews were manually transcribed and coded, and codes were synthesized into common themes. RESULTS Four major themes emerged: (1) intergenerational differences (between grandparents and parents); (2) maintaining familial relationships; (3) treating grandchildren with food, and (4) nutritional efficacy. Grandparents thoughtfully managed familial relations, including intergenerational differences, in relation to feeding grandchildren. They showed some cognitive dissonance with regard to provision of treat foods (defined as discretionary foods) in which grandparents simultaneously prioritized healthy foods and treats. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Grandparents' social role in the complex psychosocial space of child feeding warrants serious recognition and deeper understanding to engage them fully as stakeholders in children's nutritional health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Rogers
- College of Nursing Health Sciences, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Lucinda Bell
- College of Nursing Health Sciences, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia.
| | - Kaye Mehta
- College of Nursing Health Sciences, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
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Harnessing the Power of Positive Parenting to Promote Wellbeing of Children, Parents and Communities Over a Lifetime. BEHAVIOUR CHANGE 2019. [DOI: 10.1017/bec.2019.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Evidence-based parenting support (EBPS) programs derived from social learning theory, cognitive behavioural principles, and developmental theory are among the most successful innovations in the entire field of psychological intervention. EBPS programs have been at the cutting edge of global dissemination efforts to increase community access to evidence-based parenting programs. Despite the widely recognised success of these efforts, existing models of parenting intervention are not a panacea, and much can be done to improved outcomes. Efforts to improve outcomes have included the emergence of a population-based approach to increase reach of intervention. This has included the development of flexible delivery modalities, including online parenting interventions, the incorporation of strategies to enhance cultural relevance and acceptability of programs, and more recently, applications with parents in very low resource settings. Further enhancements of outcomes are likely to be forthcoming as we gain a better understanding of the mechanisms that explain positive intervention effects and non-response to interventions. More cost-effective online professional training models are needed to disseminate and promote the sustained use of EBPS programs. New interventions are required for the most vulnerable parents when parenting concerns are complicated by other problems such as trauma, addictions, relationship conflict, family violence, mental health problems and intergenerational poverty. However, to scale effective programs, Commonwealth and state government policies and funding priorities need to respond to evidence about what works and make sustained investments in the implementation of parenting programs. Possible strategies to enhance the policy impact of intervention research are discussed.
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Smith GC, Hayslip B, Hancock GR, Strieder FH, Montoro-Rodriguez J. A randomized clinical trial of interventions for improving well-being in custodial grandfamilies. JOURNAL OF FAMILY PSYCHOLOGY : JFP : JOURNAL OF THE DIVISION OF FAMILY PSYCHOLOGY OF THE AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION (DIVISION 43) 2018; 32:816-827. [PMID: 30188171 PMCID: PMC6130919 DOI: 10.1037/fam0000457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Despite the rising cultural phenomenon of grandparents parenting grandchildren on a full-time basis due to problems within the birth parent generation, intervention studies with these families have been scarce, methodologically flawed, and without conceptual underpinnings. We conducted a randomized clinical trial (RCT) with 343 custodial grandmothers recruited from across 4 states to compare the effectiveness of behavioral parent training (BPT), cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), and information-only control (IOC) conditions at lowering grandmothers' psychological distress, improving their parenting practices, and reducing the internalizing and externalizing difficulties of target grandchildren between ages 4 and 12. These outcomes were derived conceptually from the family stress model and modeled as latent constructs with multiple indicators. Each RCT condition was fully manualized and delivered across 10 sessions within groups led jointly by trained professionals and peer facilitators in community settings. Multidomain second-order latent difference score models were performed on a full intent-to-treat basis to compare the 3 RCT conditions on changes in the above outcomes from baseline to postintervention and from baseline to 6 months postintervention. In general, while CBT and BPT interventions were both superior to IOC at both times of measurement on most outcomes, they differed little from each other. Effect sizes were generally in the moderate to large range and similar to those found in prior studies of BPT and CBT with traditional birth parents. We conclude from this research that evidence-based interventions focusing on appropriate skill development and behavioral change can yield positive outcomes within custodial grandfamilies. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory C Smith
- School of Lifespan Development and Educational Sciences, Kent State University
| | - Bert Hayslip
- Department of Psychology, University of North Texas
| | - Gregory R Hancock
- Department of Human Development and Quantitative Methodology, University of Maryland
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Bell LK, Perry RA, Prichard I. Exploring Grandparents' Roles in Young Children's Lifestyle Behaviors and the Prevention of Childhood Obesity: An Australian Perspective. JOURNAL OF NUTRITION EDUCATION AND BEHAVIOR 2018; 50:516-521. [PMID: 29449153 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneb.2017.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Childhood obesity remains a significant public health issue. Because lifestyle behaviors and weight are established early and track through life stages, prevention strategies must commence in the first years of life. Traditionally, such strategies target parents or formal child care providers. Yet grandparents are increasingly providing care to grandchildren and therefore have an important role in their eating and activity behaviors, which creates a major research gap. This commentary piece, focusing on the Australian context, argues that it is imperative and timely for obesity prevention research to include investigations regarding the role of grandparents in the prevention of obesity-related behaviors in young children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucinda K Bell
- College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
| | - Rebecca A Perry
- College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Ivanka Prichard
- College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Pickering JA, Sanders MR. Integrating Parents' Views on Sibling Relationships to Tailor an Evidence-based Parenting Intervention for Sibling Conflict. FAMILY PROCESS 2017; 56:105-125. [PMID: 26333041 DOI: 10.1111/famp.12173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Parents play a crucial role in the development of their children's relationships with their siblings. Despite this, relatively few evidence-based parenting programs exist that specifically offer parents the strategies and techniques they desire and require for managing their children's sibling relationships. One way of bridging this gap is to design a tailored parenting intervention for sibling relationships that incorporates the parent voice in various aspects of program design. The current study recruited a convenience sample of 409 Australian parents to complete an online survey relating to their views on difficult sibling behaviors and what, if any, help they desire in dealing with the issue. The majority of respondents were Caucasian, middle- to upper-class mothers. Respondents predominantly attributed the causes of sibling conflict to their child's internal traits, but expressed strong desire for assistance with managing behavioral problems, especially when sibling relationships were marked by physical aggression. Respondents reported high levels of acceptability for positive, rather than punitive, parenting strategies and showed a clear preference for parenting interventions delivered in easy-to-access formats. The findings are interpreted in the context of guiding the development of a tailored parenting intervention for enhancing sibling relationships and reducing conflict.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Pickering
- Parenting and Family Support Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - Matthew R Sanders
- Parenting and Family Support Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
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Weaver NL, Weaver TL, Nicks SE, Jupka KA, Sallee H, Jacobsen H, Henley W, Jaques M. Developing tailored positive parenting messages for a clinic-based communication programme. Child Care Health Dev 2017; 43:289-297. [PMID: 27781327 DOI: 10.1111/cch.12418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Revised: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Health care providers fill a central role in the prevention of both child abuse and neglect (CA/N) and unintentional childhood injury. Health communication interventions hold promise for promoting attitudes and behaviours among parents that increase positive parenting practices, which may be linked to decreased rates of intentional and unintentional childhood injuries. This manuscript describes the development of 'RISE Up', an ambulatory clinic-based childhood injury prevention programme that provides tailored, injury prevention print materials to parents of children ages 0-5. METHODS Fifteen semi-structured key informant interviews were conducted with clinic healthcare providers and staff to develop communication strategies and materials for caregivers. Cognitive response testing was then conducted with 20 caregivers of the priority population to assess all materials. Interviews were recorded, transcribed and analyzed using thematic coding methods. RESULTS Formative research revealed that health care providers and caregivers were very responsive to messages and materials. Health care providers reported that abuse and neglect were particularly relevant to their patients and noted several benefits to implementing the RISE Up programme in a health care setting. Caregivers generally found messages on reducing the risks of injuries, as well as the graphics displayed in the RISE Up programme to be helpful. CONCLUSIONS Addressing the common determinants of both intentional and unintentional childhood injury through customized print materials may be a useful component of comprehensive prevention efforts to address childhood injury risk with greater impact. Providers and parents responded favourably to this communication strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- N L Weaver
- Department of Behavioral Science and Health Education, College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - T L Weaver
- Department of Psychology, Saint Louis University, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - S E Nicks
- Department of Social and Public Health College of Health Sciences and Professions, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - K A Jupka
- Department of Behavioral Science and Health Education, College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - H Sallee
- Department of Pediatrics, SSM Cardinal Glennon Children's Medical Center, Saint Louis University, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - H Jacobsen
- ClearApple Health Writing, Belleville, IL, USA
| | - W Henley
- University of Wisconsin-Whitewater, Whitewater, WI, USA
| | - M Jaques
- Department of Psychology, Saint Louis University, St Louis, MO, USA
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Kirby JN. The role of mindfulness and compassion in enhancing nurturing family environments. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/cpsp.12149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Smith GC, Strieder F, Greenberg P, Hayslip B, Montoro-Rodriguez J. Patterns of Enrollment and Engagement of Custodial Grandmothers in a Randomized Clinical Trial of Psychoeducational Interventions. FAMILY RELATIONS 2016; 65:369-386. [PMID: 27667888 PMCID: PMC5030076 DOI: 10.1111/fare.12194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The authors used Andersen's (2008) behavior model to investigate patterns of enrollment and treatment engagement among 343 custodial grandmothers who participated in a randomized clinical trial of three psychosocial interventions:(a) a behavioral parenting program, (b) a cognitive behavioral coping program, or (c) an information-only condition. Treatment completion was superior to that typically found with birth parents, even though the grandmothers and their target grandchildren both had high levels of mental and physical health challenges. Compliance did not differ significantly by condition but was higher among grandmothers who self-reported less positive affect, were older, and were using mental health professionals. Treatment satisfaction was highest in grandmothers who attended more treatment sessions, reported lower annual family income, had a health problem, and were using mental health professionals. The practice and policy implications of these findings are discussed, especially in terms of strategies for enhancing the engagement of custodial grandfamilies in future psychoeducational interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Frederick Strieder
- University of Maryland School of Social Work, 525 W. Redwood St., Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Patty Greenberg
- University of Maryland School of Social Work, 525 W. Redwood St., Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Bert Hayslip
- Department of Psychology, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203
| | - Julian Montoro-Rodriguez
- Gerontology Program, University of North Carolina, 9201 University City Blvd., CHHS No. 481, Charlotte, NC 28223
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The acceptability of parenting strategies for grandparents providing care to their grandchildren. PREVENTION SCIENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR PREVENTION RESEARCH 2015; 15:777-87. [PMID: 23943202 DOI: 10.1007/s11121-013-0428-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Despite the evidence supporting parenting programmes as a pathway to reduce and prevent childhood emotional and behavioural problems, these programmes still have low rates of uptake by families in the community. One way of increasing the participation rates of families in parenting programmes is to adopt a consumer's perspective to programme design and development. This study sought to examine whether grandparents providing regular care to their grandchildren viewed the strategies advocated in a parenting programme developed specifically for them as being acceptable and useful, and whether there were barriers to programme use. Forty-five grandparents, with an average age of 61.4 years (SD = 5.0), participated in the study. Grandparents provided between 11 and 20 h of care per week to their grandchildren, who were on average 4.5 years old (SD = 2.4), with the majority being boys (60%). Results revealed that grandparents found the strategies promoted in the parenting programme highly acceptable and useful and were likely to use the strategies. Barriers to using specific strategies included time demands and belief that a specific strategy would not work. The implications of these findings are discussed within the context of consumer involvement in programme design and development.
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Hamilton A, Mazzucchelli TG, Sanders MR. Parental and practitioner perspectives on raising an adolescent with a disability: a focus group study. Disabil Rehabil 2014; 37:1664-73. [PMID: 25327771 DOI: 10.3109/09638288.2014.973969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine the challenges faced by parents of teenagers with a disability to determine the need for a tailored parenting program for this population. METHOD Focus groups were conducted with six parents and nine practitioners with experience supporting parents of teenagers with a disability. RESULTS An inductive thematic analysis revealed close agreement between parents and practitioners and eight understandable and relevant themes. The results indicated that parents have difficulty planning and facilitating transitions for their adolescent children, managing behavioural problems due to these problems being unique to this developmental period and because some of the parenting strategies that were useful when their children were younger were no longer applicable. High levels of stress and feelings of grief were also described. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that parents of adolescents with a developmental disability could benefit from a parenting program and that an existing evidence-based parenting program should be modified. Implications for program design for this population are discussed. IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATION Parents have difficulty supporting their teenagers' behaviour. Some parenting strategies that were useful for young children are no longer applicable. Parents may benefit from a parenting program tailored for teenagers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Hamilton
- Brain, Behaviour and Mental Health Research Group, School of Psychology and Speech Pathology, Curtin University , Perth , Australia and
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Sanders MR, Kirby JN. A Public-Health Approach to Improving Parenting and Promoting Children's Well-Being. CHILD DEVELOPMENT PERSPECTIVES 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/cdep.12086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - James N. Kirby
- The University of Queensland
- The University of Southern Queensland
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Using a Behavioural Family Intervention to Produce a Three-Generational Benefit on Family Outcomes: A Case Report. BEHAVIOUR CHANGE 2013. [DOI: 10.1017/bec.2013.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Background: Grandparents have a significant role in providing regular child care to their grandchildren. As such, they are in a unique position to help with the prevention of child disruptive disorders. However, the child-care role grandparents provide can also negatively impact the grandparent-parent relationship. Aims: This case study examined the impact of a parenting program designed specifically for grandparents on a grandparent providing regular child care to her granddaughter. Method: A case study is presented of a 56-year-old grandmother providing between 31–40 hours of care per week to her granddaughter, who is at risk of developing an early onset child disruptive disorder. The grandparent was measured on outcomes of child behaviour; parenting style; parenting confidence; psychological wellbeing in terms of stress, depression, and anxiety; and relationship satisfaction with the parent. The parent was also measured on child behaviour outcomes and relationship satisfaction with the grandparent. Measures were given at baseline, post-intervention, and at 6-month follow-up. Results: The grandparent reported significant reductions in stress, anxiety and depression; improved relationship satisfaction with the parent; and decreased reliance on dysfunctional parenting practices. The parent also reported decreased child behaviour problems and increased relationship satisfaction with the grandparent. No findings were found for parenting confidence. Conclusion: This case study provides encouraging findings for a new parenting program designed specifically for grandparents, and it is recommended that future research evaluate its efficacy in a randomised controlled trial.
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Kirby JN, Sanders MR. A randomized controlled trial evaluating a parenting program designed specifically for grandparents. Behav Res Ther 2013; 52:35-44. [PMID: 24309085 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2013.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2013] [Revised: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 11/04/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Grandparents providing regular child care to grandchildren contribute to the nurturing environment in which children are raised. This study evaluated the efficacy of a behavioral family intervention designed specifically for grandparents, Grandparent Triple P. Fifty-four grandparents (M = 60.89) and 48 parents (M = 34.52) participated in the evaluation. Grandparents predominantly provided between 12 and 20 h of care per week (64.81%), to a grandchild (62% male) aged between 2 and 9 years (M = 4.42). Families were randomly assigned to one of two conditions (intervention or grandparent care-as-usual) and were assessed using a multiple informant approach at three time points (preintervention, postintervention, and six-month follow-up). Relative to the grandparent care-as-usual group, significant short-term improvements were found in the intervention group on grandparent-reported child behavior problems; parenting confidence; grandparent depression, anxiety, stress; and improved relationship with the parent. Parents also reported significant reductions in child behavior problems, despite not participating in the program. Short-term effects were predominantly maintained at six-month follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- James N Kirby
- Parenting and Family Support Centre, School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane 4072, Australia.
| | - Matthew R Sanders
- Parenting and Family Support Centre, School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane 4072, Australia.
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D'Astous V, Wright SD, Wright CA, Diener ML. Grandparents of Grandchildren With Autism Spectrum Disorders: Influences on Engagement. JOURNAL OF INTERGENERATIONAL RELATIONSHIPS 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/15350770.2013.782744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Sanders MR, Pickering JA, Kirby JN, Turner KMT, Morawska A, Mazzucchelli T, Ralph A, Sofronoff K. A commentary on evidenced-based parenting programs: redressing misconceptions of the empirical support for Triple P. BMC Med 2012; 10:145. [PMID: 23173559 PMCID: PMC3532235 DOI: 10.1186/1741-7015-10-145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2012] [Accepted: 11/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A meta-analytic review of the Triple P-Positive Parenting program by Wilson et al., recently published in BMC Medicine, claimed to demonstrate that although Triple P is widely disseminated and adopted, the evidence attesting to the effectiveness of the program is not as convincing as it may appear. Although this review addresses the important issue of evaluation and reporting methods within evidence-based interventions, we contend that the Wilson et al. review contains a number of significant conceptual, methodological and interpretational inadequacies that render the key conclusions of their review problematic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - James N Kirby
- The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | | | - Alina Morawska
- The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Trevor Mazzucchelli
- The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
- Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Alan Ralph
- The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Kate Sofronoff
- The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
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Sanders MR. Development, Evaluation, and Multinational Dissemination of the Triple P-Positive Parenting Program. Annu Rev Clin Psychol 2012; 8:345-79. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-032511-143104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 351] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R. Sanders
- Parenting and Family Support Center, School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia QLD 4072, Australia;
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