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Ze Y, Li Y, Huang L, Shi Y, Li P, Gong P, Lin J, Yao Y. Biodegradable Inks in Indirect Three-Dimensional Bioprinting for Tissue Vascularization. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:856398. [PMID: 35402417 PMCID: PMC8990266 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.856398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mature vasculature is important for the survival of bioengineered tissue constructs, both in vivo and in vitro; however, the fabrication of fully vascularized tissue constructs remains a great challenge in tissue engineering. Indirect three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting refers to a 3D printing technique that can rapidly fabricate scaffolds with controllable internal pores, cavities, and channels through the use of sacrificial molds. It has attracted much attention in recent years owing to its ability to create complex vascular network-like channels through thick tissue constructs while maintaining endothelial cell activity. Biodegradable materials play a crucial role in tissue engineering. Scaffolds made of biodegradable materials act as temporary templates, interact with cells, integrate with native tissues, and affect the results of tissue remodeling. Biodegradable ink selection, especially the choice of scaffold and sacrificial materials in indirect 3D bioprinting, has been the focus of several recent studies. The major objective of this review is to summarize the basic characteristics of biodegradable materials commonly used in indirect 3D bioprinting for vascularization, and to address recent advances in applying this technique to the vascularization of different tissues. Furthermore, the review describes how indirect 3D bioprinting creates blood vessels and vascularized tissue constructs by introducing the methodology and biodegradable ink selection. With the continuous improvement of biodegradable materials in the future, indirect 3D bioprinting will make further contributions to the development of this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiting Ze
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanxi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Linyang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yixin Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Peiran Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ping Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jie Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yang Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Applying extrusion-based 3D printing technique accelerates fabricating complex biphasic calcium phosphate-based scaffolds for bone tissue regeneration. J Adv Res 2021; 40:69-94. [PMID: 36100335 PMCID: PMC9481949 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2021.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Biphasic calcium phosphates offer a chemically similar biomaterial to the natural bone, which can significantly accelerate bone formation and reconstruction. Robocasting is a suitable technique to produce porous scaffolds supporting cell viability, proliferation, and differentiation. This review discusses materials and methods utilized for BCP robocasting, considering recent advancements and existing challenges in using additives for bioink preparation. Commercialization and marketing approach, in-vitro and in-vivo evaluations, biologic responses, and post-processing steps are also investigated. Possible strategies and opportunities for the use of BCP toward injured bone regeneration along with clinical applications are discussed. The study proposes that BCP possesses an acceptable level of bone substituting, considering its challenges and struggles.
Background Aim of review Key scientific concepts of review
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Iezzi G, Scarano A, Valbonetti L, Mazzoni S, Furlani M, Mangano C, Muttini A, Raspanti M, Barboni B, Piattelli A, Giuliani A. Biphasic Calcium Phosphate Biomaterials: Stem Cell-Derived Osteoinduction or In Vivo Osteoconduction? Novel Insights in Maxillary Sinus Augmentation by Advanced Imaging. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14092159. [PMID: 33922799 PMCID: PMC8122985 DOI: 10.3390/ma14092159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Maxillary sinus augmentation is often necessary prior to implantology procedure, in particular in cases of atrophic posterior maxilla. In this context, bone substitute biomaterials made of biphasic calcium phosphates, produced by three-dimensional additive manufacturing were shown to be highly biocompatible with an efficient osteoconductivity, especially when combined with cell-based tissue engineering. Thus, in the present research, osteoinduction and osteoconduction properties of biphasic calcium-phosphate constructs made by direct rapid prototyping and engineered with ovine-derived amniotic epithelial cells or amniotic fluid cells were evaluated. More in details, this preclinical study was performed using adult sheep targeted to receive scaffold alone (CTR), oAFSMC, or oAEC engineered constructs. The grafted sinuses were explanted at 90 days and a cross-linked experimental approach based on Synchrotron Radiation microCT and histology analysis was performed on the complete set of samples. The study, performed taking into account the distance from native surrounding bone, demonstrated that no significant differences occurred in bone regeneration between oAEC-, oAFMSC-cultured, and Ctr samples and that there was a predominant action of the osteoconduction versus the stem cells osteo-induction. Indeed, it was proven that the newly formed bone amount and distribution decreased from the side of contact scaffold/native bone toward the bulk of the scaffold itself, with almost constant values of morphometric descriptors in volumes more than 1 mm from the border.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Iezzi
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, Dental School, University G. D’Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, CH, Italy; (G.I.); (A.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Antonio Scarano
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, Dental School, University G. D’Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, CH, Italy; (G.I.); (A.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Luca Valbonetti
- Faculty of Biosciences and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, TE, Italy; (L.V.); (A.M.); (B.B.)
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (CNR-IBBC/EMMA/Infrafrontier/IMPC), National Research Council, Monterotondo Scalo, 00015 Rome, RM, Italy
| | - Serena Mazzoni
- Department of Clinical Science, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, AN, Italy; (S.M.); (M.F.)
| | - Michele Furlani
- Department of Clinical Science, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, AN, Italy; (S.M.); (M.F.)
| | | | - Aurelio Muttini
- Faculty of Biosciences and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, TE, Italy; (L.V.); (A.M.); (B.B.)
| | - Mario Raspanti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Via Guicciardini 9, 21100 Varese, VA, Italy;
| | - Barbara Barboni
- Faculty of Biosciences and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, TE, Italy; (L.V.); (A.M.); (B.B.)
| | - Adriano Piattelli
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, Dental School, University G. D’Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, CH, Italy; (G.I.); (A.S.); (A.P.)
- Fondazione Villaserena per la Ricerca, 65013 Città S. Angelo, PE, Italy
- Casa di Cura Villa Serena del Dott. L. Petruzzi, 65013 Città S. Angelo, PE, Italy
| | - Alessandra Giuliani
- Department of Clinical Science, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, AN, Italy; (S.M.); (M.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0712204603
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Sahvieh S, Oryan A, Hassanajili S, Kamali A. Role of bone 1stem cell-seeded 3D polylactic acid/polycaprolactone/hydroxyapatite scaffold on a critical-sized radial bone defect in rat. Cell Tissue Res 2021; 383:735-750. [PMID: 32924069 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-020-03284-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Osteoconductive biomaterials were used to find the most reliable materials in bone healing. Our focus was on the bone healing capacity of the stem cell-loaded and unloaded PLA/PCL/HA scaffolds. The 3D scaffold of PLA/PCL/HA was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), rheology, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. Bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) have multipotential differentiation into osteoblasts. Forty Wistar male rats were used to organize four experimental groups: control, autograft, scaffold, and BMSCs-loaded scaffold groups. qRT-PCR showed that the BMSCs-loaded scaffold had a higher expression level of CD31 and osteogenic markers compared with the control group (P < 0.05). Radiology and computed tomography (CT) scan evaluations showed significant improvement in the BMSCs-loaded scaffold compared with the control group (P < 0.001). Biomechanical estimation demonstrated significantly higher stress (P < 0.01), stiffness (P < 0.001), and ultimate load (P < 0.01) in the autograft and BMSCs-loaded scaffold groups compared with the untreated group and higher strain was seen in the control group than the other groups (P < 0.01). Histomorphometric and immunohistochemical (IHC) investigations showed significantly improved regeneration scores in the autograft and BMSCs-loaded scaffold groups compared with the control group (P < 0.05). Also, there was a significant difference between the scaffold and control groups in all tests (P < 0.05). The results depicted that our novel approach will allow to develop PLA/PCL/HA 3D scaffold in bone healing via BMSC loading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Sahvieh
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ahmad Oryan
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Shadi Hassanajili
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Amir Kamali
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
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5
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Walter T, Gruenewald A, Detsch R, Boccaccini AR, Vogel N. Cell Interactions with Size-Controlled Colloidal Monolayers: Toward Improved Coatings in Bone Tissue Engineering. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:1793-1803. [PMID: 32017853 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b03308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The surface structure of biomaterials is of key importance to control its interactions with biological environments. Industrial fabrication and coating processes often introduce particulate nanostructures at implant surfaces. Understanding the cellular interaction with particle-based surface topologies and feature sizes in the colloidal length scale therefore offers the possibility to improve the biological response of synthetic biomaterials. Here, surfaces with controlled topography and regular feature sizes covering the relevant length scale of particulate coatings (100-1000 nm) are fabricated by colloidal templating. Using fluorescent microscopy, WST assay, and morphology analysis, results show that adhesion and attachment of bone-marrow derived murine stromal cells (ST2) are strongly influenced by the surface feature size while geometric details play an insignificant role. Quantitative analysis shows enhanced cell adhesion, spreading, viability, and activity when surface feature size decreases below 200 nm compared to flat surfaces, while larger feature sizes are detrimental to cell adhesion. Kinetic studies reveal that most cells on surfaces with larger features lose contact with the substrate over time. This study identifies colloidal templating as a simple method for creating highly defined model systems to investigate complex cell functions and provides design criteria for the choice of particulate coatings on commercial implant materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Walter
- Institute of Particle Technology , Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg , Cauerstrasse 4 , 91058 Erlangen , Germany
| | - Alina Gruenewald
- Institute of Biomaterials , Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg , Cauerstrasse 6 , 91058 Erlangen , Germany
| | - Rainer Detsch
- Institute of Biomaterials , Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg , Cauerstrasse 6 , 91058 Erlangen , Germany
| | - Aldo R Boccaccini
- Institute of Biomaterials , Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg , Cauerstrasse 6 , 91058 Erlangen , Germany
| | - Nicolas Vogel
- Institute of Particle Technology , Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg , Cauerstrasse 4 , 91058 Erlangen , Germany
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6
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Sauerova P, Suchy T, Supova M, Bartos M, Klima J, Juhasova J, Juhas S, Kubikova T, Tonar Z, Sedlacek R, Piola M, Fiore GB, Soncini M, Hubalek Kalbacova M. Positive impact of dynamic seeding of mesenchymal stem cells on bone-like biodegradable scaffolds with increased content of calcium phosphate nanoparticles. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 46:4483-4500. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-04903-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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7
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Wang JQ, Jiang BJ, Guo WJ, Zhao YM. Indirect 3D printing technology for the fabrication of customised β-TCP/chitosan scaffold with the shape of rabbit radial head-an in vitro study. J Orthop Surg Res 2019; 14:102. [PMID: 30975173 PMCID: PMC6460811 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-019-1136-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background With the development of indirect three-dimensional (3D) printing technology, it is possible to customise individual scaffolds to be used in bone transplantation and regeneration. In addition, materials previously limited to the 3D printing (3DP) process due to their own characteristics can also be used well in indirect 3DP. In this study, customised β-TCP/chitosan scaffolds with the shape of rabbit radial head were produced by indirect 3D printing technology. Methods Swelling ability, porosity, mechanical characterisation, and degradation rate analysis were performed, and in vitro studies were also implemented to evaluate the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on the scaffolds. CCK8 cell proliferation assay kit and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining solution were used to study cell proliferation and early ALP content at the scaffold surface. Moreover, the osteogenic differentiation of MSCs on scaffolds was also evaluated through the scanning electron microscopy analysis. Results β-TCP/chitosan scaffold has good performance and degradation rate, and in vitro cell experiments also confirm that the scaffold has adequate cytocompatibility and bioactivity. Conclusion This study provides a promising new strategy for the design of customised scaffolds for the repair of complex damaged tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Qi Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 109# Xue Yuan Xi Road, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Orthopedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China.,The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bing-Jie Jiang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 109# Xue Yuan Xi Road, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Orthopedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China.,The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei-Jun Guo
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 109# Xue Yuan Xi Road, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - You-Ming Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 109# Xue Yuan Xi Road, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China.
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Fabrication of Gelatin Methacrylate (GelMA) Scaffolds with Nano- and Micro-Topographical and Morphological Features. NANOMATERIALS 2019; 9:nano9010120. [PMID: 30669422 PMCID: PMC6358767 DOI: 10.3390/nano9010120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 01/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The design of biomimetic biomaterials for cell culture has become a great tool to study and understand cell behavior, tissue degradation, and lesion. Topographical and morphological features play an important role in modulating cell behavior. In this study, a dual methodology was evaluated to generate novel gelatin methacrylate (GelMA)-based scaffolds with nano and micro topographical and morphological features. First, electrospinning parameters and crosslinking processes were optimized to obtain electrospun nanofibrous scaffolds. GelMA mats were characterized by SEM, FTIR, DSC, TGA, contact angle, and water uptake. Various nanofibrous GelMA mats with defect-free fibers and stability in aqueous media were obtained. Then, micropatterned molds produced by photolithography were used as collectors in the electrospinning process. Thus, biocompatible GelMA nanofibrous scaffolds with micro-patterns that mimic extracellular matrix were obtained successfully by combining two micro/nanofabrication techniques, electrospinning, and micromolding. Taking into account the cell viability results, the methodology used in this study could be considered a valuable tool to develop patterned GelMA based nanofibrous scaffolds for cell culture and tissue engineering.
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The Effect of the Thermosensitive Biodegradable PLGA⁻PEG⁻PLGA Copolymer on the Rheological, Structural and Mechanical Properties of Thixotropic Self-Hardening Tricalcium Phosphate Cement. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20020391. [PMID: 30658476 PMCID: PMC6359562 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20020391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Revised: 01/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The current limitations of calcium phosphate cements (CPCs) used in the field of bone regeneration consist of their brittleness, low injectability, disintegration in body fluids and low biodegradability. Moreover, no method is currently available to measure the setting time of CPCs in correlation with the evolution of the setting reaction. The study proposes that it is possible to improve and tune the properties of CPCs via the addition of a thermosensitive, biodegradable, thixotropic copolymer based on poly(lactic acid), poly(glycolic acid) and poly(ethylene glycol) (PLGA⁻PEG⁻PLGA) which undergoes gelation under physiological conditions. The setting times of alpha-tricalcium phosphate (α-TCP) mixed with aqueous solutions of PLGA⁻PEG⁻PLGA determined by means of time-sweep curves revealed a lag phase during the dissolution of the α-TCP particles. The magnitude of the storage modulus at lag phase depends on the liquid to powder ratio, the copolymer concentration and temperature. A sharp increase in the storage modulus was observed at the time of the precipitation of calcium deficient hydroxyapatite (CDHA) crystals, representing the loss of paste workability. The PLGA⁻PEG⁻PLGA copolymer demonstrates the desired pseudoplastic rheological behaviour with a small decrease in shear stress and the rapid recovery of the viscous state once the shear is removed, thus preventing CPC phase separation and providing good cohesion. Preliminary cytocompatibility tests performed on human mesenchymal stem cells proved the suitability of the novel copolymer/α-TCP for the purposes of mini-invasive surgery.
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10
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Update on the main use of biomaterials and techniques associated with tissue engineering. Drug Discov Today 2018; 23:1474-1488. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2018.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Egly S, Fröhlich C, Vogel S, Gruenewald A, Wang J, Detsch R, Boccaccini AR, Vogel N. Bottom-Up Assembly of Silica and Bioactive Glass Supraparticles with Tunable Hierarchical Porosity. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:2063-2072. [PMID: 29308903 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b03904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the formation of spherical supraparticles with controlled and tunable porosity on the nanometer and micrometer scales using the self-organization of a binary mixture of small (nanometer scale) oxidic particles with large (micrometer scale) polystyrene particles in the confinement of an emulsion droplet. The external confinement determines the final, spherical structure of the hybrid assembly, while the small particles form the matrix material. The large particles act as templating porogens to create micropores after combustion at elevated temperatures. We control the pore sizes on the micrometer scale by varying the size of the coassembled polystyrene microspheres and produce supraparticles from both silica- and calcium-containing CaO/SiO2 particles. Although porous supraparticles are obtained in both cases, we found that the presence of calcium ions substantially complicated the fabrication process since the increased ionic strength of the dispersion compromises the colloidal stability during the assembly process. We minimized these stability issues via the addition of a steric stabilizing agent and by mixing bioactive and silica colloidal particles. We investigated the interaction of the porous particles with bone marrow stromal cells and found an increase in cell attachment with increasing pore size of the self-assembled supraparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Egly
- Institute of Particle Technology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg , Cauerstrasse 4, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christina Fröhlich
- Institute of Particle Technology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg , Cauerstrasse 4, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stefanie Vogel
- Institute of Particle Technology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg , Cauerstrasse 4, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Institute of Biomaterials, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg , Cauerstrasse 6, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Alina Gruenewald
- Institute of Biomaterials, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg , Cauerstrasse 6, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Junwei Wang
- Institute of Particle Technology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg , Cauerstrasse 4, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Rainer Detsch
- Institute of Biomaterials, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg , Cauerstrasse 6, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Aldo R Boccaccini
- Institute of Biomaterials, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg , Cauerstrasse 6, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Nicolas Vogel
- Institute of Particle Technology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg , Cauerstrasse 4, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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Babaie E, Bhaduri SB. Fabrication Aspects of Porous Biomaterials in Orthopedic Applications: A Review. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2017; 4:1-39. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.7b00615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elham Babaie
- Department
of Bioengineering, Bioscience Research Collaborative, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Sarit B. Bhaduri
- Department
of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering and Division of Dentistry, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
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13
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Vella JB, Trombetta RP, Hoffman MD, Inzana J, Awad H, Benoit DSW. Three dimensional printed calcium phosphate and poly(caprolactone) composites with improved mechanical properties and preserved microstructure. J Biomed Mater Res A 2017; 106:663-672. [PMID: 29044984 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Biphasic calcium phosphate scaffolds formed via three dimensional (3D) printing technology to exhibit porosity and chemical resorbability to promote osseointegration often lack the strength and toughness required to withstand loading in bone tissue engineering applications. Herein, sintering and CaP:poly(caprolactone) (PCL) composite formation were explored to improve 3D printed scaffold strength and toughness. Hydroxyapatite and α-tricalcium phosphate (α-TCP) biphasic calcium powders were printed using phosphoric acid binder, which generated monetite and hydroxyapatite scaffolds. Upon sintering, evolution of β-TCP was observed along with an increase in flexural strength and modulus but no effect on fracture toughness was observed. Furthermore, scaffold porosity increased with sintering. Additionally, two techniques of PCL composite formation were employed: postprint precipitation and 3D print codeposition to further augment scaffold mechanical properties. While both techniques significantly improved flexural strength, flexural modulus, and fracture toughness under most conditions explored, precipitation yielded more substantial increases in these properties, which is attributed to better continuity of the PCL phase. However, precipitation also compromised surface porosity due to PCL passivation of the calcium phosphate surface, which may subsequently hinder scaffold integration and bone regeneration. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 106A: 663-672, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph B Vella
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627.,Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14642.,Department of Otolaryngology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York 14642
| | - Ryan P Trombetta
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627.,Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14642
| | - Michael D Hoffman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627.,Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14642
| | - Jason Inzana
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627.,Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14642
| | - Hani Awad
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627.,Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14642
| | - Danielle S W Benoit
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627.,Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14642.,Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627
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Mitra D, Whitehead J, Yasui OW, Leach JK. Bioreactor culture duration of engineered constructs influences bone formation by mesenchymal stem cells. Biomaterials 2017; 146:29-39. [PMID: 28898756 PMCID: PMC5618709 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.08.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Perfusion culture of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) seeded in biomaterial scaffolds provides nutrients for cell survival, enhances extracellular matrix deposition, and increases osteogenic cell differentiation. However, there is no consensus on the appropriate perfusion duration of cellular constructs in vitro to boost their bone forming capacity in vivo. We investigated this phenomenon by culturing human MSCs in macroporous composite scaffolds in a direct perfusion bioreactor and compared their response to scaffolds in continuous dynamic culture conditions on an XYZ shaker. Cell seeding in continuous perfusion bioreactors resulted in more uniform MSC distribution than static seeding. We observed similar calcium deposition in all composite scaffolds over 21 days of bioreactor culture, regardless of pore size. Compared to scaffolds in dynamic culture, perfused scaffolds exhibited increased DNA content and expression of osteogenic markers up to 14 days in culture that plateaued thereafter. We then evaluated the effect of perfusion culture duration on bone formation when MSC-seeded scaffolds were implanted in a murine ectopic site. Human MSCs persisted in all scaffolds at 2 weeks in vivo, and we observed increased neovascularization in constructs cultured under perfusion for 7 days relative to those cultured for 1 day within each gender. At 8 weeks post-implantation, we observed greater bone volume fraction, bone mineral density, tissue ingrowth, collagen density, and osteoblastic markers in bioreactor constructs cultured for 14 days compared to those cultured for 1 or 7 days, and acellular constructs. Taken together, these data demonstrate that culturing MSCs under perfusion culture for at least 14 days in vitro improves the quantity and quality of bone formation in vivo. This study highlights the need for optimizing in vitro bioreactor culture duration of engineered constructs to achieve the desired level of bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debika Mitra
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Jacklyn Whitehead
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Osamu W Yasui
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - J Kent Leach
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.
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15
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Mohseni M, Jahandideh A, Abedi G, Akbarzadeh A, Hesaraki S. Assessment of tricalcium phosphate/collagen (TCP/collagene)nanocomposite scaffold compared with hydroxyapatite (HA) on healing of segmental femur bone defect in rabbits. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 46:242-249. [PMID: 28503937 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2017.1324463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Bone regeneration is an important objective in clinical practice and has been used for different applications. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of nanocomposite tricalcium phosphate (TCP)/collagen scaffolds combined with hydroxyapatite scaffold for bone healing in surgery of femoral defects in rabbits. In this study, 45 mature male New Zealand white rabbits between 6 and 8 months old and weighting between 3 and 3.5 kg were examined. Rabbits were divided into three groups. Surgical procedures were performed after intramuscular injection of Ketamine 10% (ketamine hydrochloride, 50 mg/kg) and Rompun 5% (xylazine, 5 mg/kg). Then an approximately 6 mm diameter-5 mm cylinder bone defect was created in the femur of one of the hind limbs. After inducing the surgical wound, all rabbits were coloured and randomly divided into three experimental groups of 15 animals each. Group 1 received pure medical nanocomposite TCP/collagen granules, group 2 received hydroxyapatite, and third group was a control group which received no treatment. Histopathological evaluation was performed on days 15, 30, and 45 after surgery. On days 15, 30, and 45 after surgery, the quantity and the velocity of stages of bone formation at the healing site in nanocomposite TCP/collagen group were better than HA and control groups and the quantity of newly formed lamellar bone at the healing site in nanocomposite TCP/collagen group were better than onward compared with HA and control groups. In conclusion, it seems that TCP/collagen nanocomposite has a significant role in the reconstruction of bone defects and can be used as scaffold in bone fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Mohseni
- a Department of Veterinary Surgery, Science and Research Branch , Islamic Azad University , Tehran , Iran
| | - Alireza Jahandideh
- a Department of Veterinary Surgery, Science and Research Branch , Islamic Azad University , Tehran , Iran
| | - Gholamreza Abedi
- a Department of Veterinary Surgery, Science and Research Branch , Islamic Azad University , Tehran , Iran
| | - Abolfazl Akbarzadeh
- b Drug Applied Research Center , Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran.,c Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN) , Tabriz , Iran
| | - Saeed Hesaraki
- d Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Specialized Veterinary Sciences , Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University , Tehran , Iran
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16
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Fiocco L, Elsayed H, Badocco D, Pastore P, Bellucci D, Cannillo V, Detsch R, Boccaccini AR, Bernardo E. Direct ink writing of silica-bonded calcite scaffolds from preceramic polymers and fillers. Biofabrication 2017; 9:025012. [PMID: 28393760 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/aa6c37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Silica-bonded calcite scaffolds have been successfully 3D-printed by direct ink writing, starting from a paste comprising a silicone polymer and calcite powders, calibrated in order to match a SiO2/CaCO3 weight balance of 35/65. The scaffolds, fabricated with two slightly different geometries, were first cross-linked at 350 °C, then fired at 600 °C, in air. The low temperature adopted for the conversion of the polymer into amorphous silica, by thermo-oxidative decomposition, prevented the decomposition of calcite. The obtained silica-bonded calcite scaffolds featured open porosity of about 56%-64% and compressive strength of about 2.9-5.5 MPa, depending on the geometry. Dissolution studies in SBF and preliminary cell culture tests, with bone marrow stromal cells, confirmed the in vitro bioactivity of the scaffolds and their biocompatibility. The seeded cells were found to be alive, well anchored and spread on the samples surface. The new silica-calcite composites are expected to be suitable candidates as tissue-engineering 3D scaffolds for regeneration of cancellous bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Fiocco
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 9, I-35131 Padova, Italy
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17
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Zehnder T, Boccaccini AR, Detsch R. Biofabrication of a co-culture system in an osteoid-like hydrogel matrix. Biofabrication 2017; 9:025016. [PMID: 28266351 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/aa64ec] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Biofabrication aims to develop functional, biological constructs using automated processes (additive manufacturing, AM) involving different cell types and biomaterials (Groll et al 2016 Biofabrication 13001 1-6). As bone tissue is based on the crosstalk between osteoblasts and osteoclasts at least, evaluating cell-cell and cell-material interactions is of interest to understand bone remodeling. There is increasing interest in the role of osteoclasts not only considering bone resorption, but also their influence on the proliferation, migration and differentiation of osteoblasts. Osteoid-like, non-mineralized matrix is used here for the 3D cultivation of osteoblast and osteoclast progenitor cells to evaluate interactions in an early stage of bone formation. The AM technology bioplotting was used to tailor a 3D environment with defined properties. These results could be helpful to transfer this approach to the fabrication of bone tissue in regenerative medicine approaches. Gelatin is derived from collagen, which is the main phase of osteoid. Oxidized alginate-gelatin crosslinked hydrogel was used to immobilize osteoblastic (ST2) and osteoclastic (RAW) progenitor cells. Cell viability and number, the expression of different proteins like alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteopontin (OPN) and tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) were investigated. Release of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) by the immobilized cells was analyzed. Microscopy techniques were used to evaluate cell morphology during an incubation period of 21 days. The biofabrication process was compatible with the cells. Cells migrated, proliferated and expressed their specific proteins indicating cell differentiation. The co-culture showed increased OPN concentration, which is a major protein of the osteoid involved in the mineralization process. TRAP activity was increased compared to single culture. ST2 single culture showed higher ALP activity compared to the co-culture. VEGF concentration of the co-culture was strongly increased. The results indicate the importance of using co-cultures to fabricate bone tissue by biofabrication. Especially the influence of the osteoblast/osteoclast crosstalk, in an early stage of bone formation, is shown here, using a 3D hydrogel based cell culture model created by biofabrication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Zehnder
- Institute of Biomaterials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
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18
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BMP-7 Preserves Surface Integrity of Degradable-ceramic Cranioplasty in a Göttingen Minipig Model. PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY-GLOBAL OPEN 2017; 5:e1255. [PMID: 28458969 PMCID: PMC5404440 DOI: 10.1097/gox.0000000000001255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the study was to evaluate the integrity of a craniotomy grafted site in a minipig model using different highly porous calcium phosphate ceramic scaffolds either loaded or nonloaded with bone morphogenetic protein-7 (BMP-7). METHODS Four craniotomies with a diameter of 15 mm (critical-size defect) were grafted with different highly porous (92-94 vol%) calcium phosphate ceramics [hydroxyapatite (HA), tricalcium phosphate (TCP), and biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP; a mixture of HA and TCP)] in 10 Göttingen minipigs: (a) group I (n = 5): HA versus BCP; (b) group II (n = 5): TCP versus BCP. One scaffold of each composition was supplied with 250 μg of BMP-7. In vivo computed tomography scan and fluorochrome bone labeling were performed. Specimens were evaluated 14 weeks after surgery by environmental scanning electron microscopy, fluorescence microscopy, and Giemsa staining histology. RESULTS BMP-7 significantly enhanced bone formation in TCP (P = 0.047). Slightly enhanced bone formation was observed in BCP (P = 0.059) but not in HA implants. BMP-7 enhanced ceramic degradation in TCP (P = 0.05) and BCP (P = 0.05) implants but not in HA implants. Surface integrity of grafted site was observed in all BMP-7-loaded implants after successful creeping substitution by the newly formed bone. In 9 of 10 HA implants without BMP-7, partial collapse of the implant site was observed. All TCP implants without BMP-7 collapsed. Fluorescent labeling showed bone formation at week 1 in BMP-7-stimulated implants. CONCLUSIONS BMP-7 supports bone formation, ceramic degradation, implant integration, and surface integrity of the grafted site.
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Eftekhari H, Jahandideh A, Asghari A, Akbarzadeh A, Hesaraki S. Assessment of polycaprolacton (PCL) nanocomposite scaffold compared with hydroxyapatite (HA) on healing of segmental femur bone defect in rabbits. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 45:961-968. [PMID: 27356956 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2016.1198360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Segmental bone loss due to trauma, infection, and tumor resection and even non-union results in the vast demand for replacement and restoration of the function of the lost bone. The objective of this study is to utilize novel inorganic-organic nanocomposites for biomedical applications. Biodegradable implants have shown great promise for the repair of bone defects and have been commonly used as bone substitutes, which traditionally would be treated using metallic implants. In this study, 45 mature male New Zealand white rabbits 6-8 months and weighting 3-3.5 kg were examined. Rabbits were divided into three groups. Surgical procedures were done after an intramuscular injection of Ketamine 10% (ketamine hydrochloride, 50 mg/kg), Rompun 5% (xylazine, 5 mg/kg). Then an approximately 6 mm diameter - 5 mm cylinder bone defect was created in the femur of one of the hind limbs. After inducing the surgical wound, all rabbits were colored and randomly divided into three experimental groups of nine animals each: Group 1 received medical pure nanocomposite polycaprolactone (PCL) granules, Group 2 received hydroxyapatite and Group 3 was a control group with no treatment. Histopathological evaluation was performed on days 15, 30 and 45 after surgery. On day 45 after surgery, the quantity of newly formed lamellar bone in the healing site in PCL group was better than onward compared with HA and control groups. Finally, nanocomposite PCL granules exhibited a reproducible bone-healing potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Eftekhari
- a Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Specialized Veterinary Sciences , Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University , Tehran , Iran
| | - Alireza Jahandideh
- a Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Specialized Veterinary Sciences , Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University , Tehran , Iran
| | - Ahmad Asghari
- a Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Specialized Veterinary Sciences , Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University , Tehran , Iran
| | - Abolfazl Akbarzadeh
- b Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN) , Tabriz , Iran.,c Drug Applied Research Center , Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran
| | - Saeed Hesaraki
- d Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Specialized Veterinary Sciences , Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University , Tehran , Iran
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20
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Dorozhkin SV. Multiphasic calcium orthophosphate (CaPO 4 ) bioceramics and their biomedical applications. CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL 2016; 42:6529-6554. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceramint.2016.01.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
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21
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Houben A, Van Hoorick J, Van Erps J, Thienpont H, Van Vlierberghe S, Dubruel P. Indirect Rapid Prototyping: Opening Up Unprecedented Opportunities in Scaffold Design and Applications. Ann Biomed Eng 2016; 45:58-83. [PMID: 27080376 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-016-1610-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decades, solid freeform fabrication (SFF) has emerged as the main technology for the production of scaffolds for tissue engineering applications as a result of the architectural versatility. However, certain limitations have also arisen, primarily associated with the available, rather limited range of materials suitable for processing. To overcome these limitations, several research groups have been exploring novel methodologies through which a construct, generated via SFF, is applied as a sacrificial mould for production of the final construct. The technique combines the benefits of SFF techniques in terms of controlled, patient-specific design with a large freedom in material selection associated with conventional scaffold production techniques. Consequently, well-defined 3D scaffolds can be generated in a straightforward manner from previously difficult to print and even "unprintable" materials due to thermomechanical properties that do not match the often strict temperature and pressure requirements for direct rapid prototyping. These include several biomaterials, thermally degradable materials, ceramics and composites. Since it can be combined with conventional pore forming techniques, indirect rapid prototyping (iRP) enables the creation of a hierarchical porosity in the final scaffold with micropores inside the struts. Consequently, scaffolds and implants for applications in both soft and hard tissue regeneration have been reported. In this review, an overview of different iRP strategies and materials are presented from the first reports of the approach at the turn of the century until now.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annemie Houben
- Polymer Chemistry & Biomaterials Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S4-Bis, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jasper Van Hoorick
- Polymer Chemistry & Biomaterials Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S4-Bis, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.,Brussels Photonics Team, Department of Applied Physics and Photonics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Elsene, Belgium
| | - Jürgen Van Erps
- Brussels Photonics Team, Department of Applied Physics and Photonics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Elsene, Belgium
| | - Hugo Thienpont
- Polymer Chemistry & Biomaterials Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S4-Bis, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.,Brussels Photonics Team, Department of Applied Physics and Photonics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Elsene, Belgium
| | - Sandra Van Vlierberghe
- Polymer Chemistry & Biomaterials Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S4-Bis, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.,Brussels Photonics Team, Department of Applied Physics and Photonics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Elsene, Belgium
| | - Peter Dubruel
- Polymer Chemistry & Biomaterials Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S4-Bis, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
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22
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Leferink AM, Chng YC, van Blitterswijk CA, Moroni L. Distribution and Viability of Fetal and Adult Human Bone Marrow Stromal Cells in a Biaxial Rotating Vessel Bioreactor after Seeding on Polymeric 3D Additive Manufactured Scaffolds. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2015; 3:169. [PMID: 26557644 PMCID: PMC4617101 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2015.00169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the conventional approaches in tissue engineering is the use of scaffolds in combination with cells to obtain mechanically stable tissue constructs in vitro prior to implantation. Additive manufacturing by fused deposition modeling is a widely used technique to produce porous scaffolds with defined pore network, geometry, and therewith defined mechanical properties. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are promising candidates for tissue engineering-based cell therapies due to their multipotent character. One of the hurdles to overcome when combining additive manufactured scaffolds with MSCs is the resulting heterogeneous cell distribution and limited cell proliferation capacity. In this study, we show that the use of a biaxial rotating bioreactor, after static culture of human fetal MSCs (hfMSCs) seeded on synthetic polymeric scaffolds, improved the homogeneity of cell and extracellular matrix distribution and increased the total cell number. Furthermore, we show that the relative mRNA expression levels of indicators for stemness and differentiation are not significantly changed upon this bioreactor culture, whereas static culture shows variations of several indicators for stemness and differentiation. The biaxial rotating bioreactor presented here offers a homogeneous distribution of hfMSCs, enabling studies on MSCs fate in additive manufactured scaffolds without inducing undesired differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne M Leferink
- Department of Tissue Regeneration, MIRA Institute, University of Twente , Enschede , Netherlands ; Department of Complex Tissue Regeneration, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University , Maastricht , Netherlands
| | | | - Clemens A van Blitterswijk
- Department of Tissue Regeneration, MIRA Institute, University of Twente , Enschede , Netherlands ; Department of Complex Tissue Regeneration, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University , Maastricht , Netherlands
| | - Lorenzo Moroni
- Department of Tissue Regeneration, MIRA Institute, University of Twente , Enschede , Netherlands ; Department of Complex Tissue Regeneration, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University , Maastricht , Netherlands
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Microstereolithography-Based Fabrication of Anatomically Shaped Beta-Tricalcium Phosphate Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:859456. [PMID: 26504839 PMCID: PMC4609375 DOI: 10.1155/2015/859456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Revised: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Porous ceramic scaffolds with shapes matching the bone defects may result in more efficient grafting and healing than the ones with simple geometries. Using computer-assisted microstereolithography (MSTL), we have developed a novel gelcasting indirect MSTL technology and successfully fabricated two scaffolds according to CT images of rabbit femur. Negative resin molds with outer 3D dimensions conforming to the femur and an internal structure consisting of stacked meshes with uniform interconnecting struts, 0.5 mm in diameter, were fabricated by MSTL. The second mold type was designed for cortical bone formation. A ceramic slurry of beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) with room temperature vulcanization (RTV) silicone as binder was cast into the molds. After the RTV silicone was completely cured, the composite was sintered at 1500°C for 5 h. Both gross anatomical shape and the interpenetrating internal network were preserved after sintering. Even cortical structure could be introduced into the customized scaffolds, which resulted in enhanced strength. Biocompatibility was confirmed by vital staining of rabbit bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells cultured on the customized scaffolds for 5 days. This fabrication method could be useful for constructing bone substitutes specifically designed according to local anatomical defects.
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Du D, Asaoka T, Ushida T, Furukawa KS. Fabrication and perfusion culture of anatomically shaped artificial bone using stereolithography. Biofabrication 2014; 6:045002. [DOI: 10.1088/1758-5082/6/4/045002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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25
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Wang L, Ma XY, Zhang Y, Feng YF, Li X, Hu YY, Wang Z, Ma ZS, Lei W. Repair of segmental bone defect using Totally Vitalized tissue engineered bone graft by a combined perfusion seeding and culture system. PLoS One 2014; 9:e94276. [PMID: 24728277 PMCID: PMC3984127 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0094276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The basic strategy to construct tissue engineered bone graft (TEBG) is to combine osteoblastic cells with three dimensional (3D) scaffold. Based on this strategy, we proposed the "Totally Vitalized TEBG" (TV-TEBG) which was characterized by abundant and homogenously distributed cells with enhanced cell proliferation and differentiation and further investigated its biological performance in repairing segmental bone defect. METHODS In this study, we constructed the TV-TEBG with the combination of customized flow perfusion seeding/culture system and β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) scaffold fabricated by Rapid Prototyping (RP) technique. We systemically compared three kinds of TEBG constructed by perfusion seeding and perfusion culture (PSPC) method, static seeding and perfusion culture (SSPC) method, and static seeding and static culture (SSSC) method for their in vitro performance and bone defect healing efficacy with a rabbit model. RESULTS Our study has demonstrated that TEBG constructed by PSPC method exhibited better biological properties with higher daily D-glucose consumption, increased cell proliferation and differentiation, and better cell distribution, indicating the successful construction of TV-TEBG. After implanted into rabbit radius defects for 12 weeks, PSPC group exerted higher X-ray score close to autograft, much greater mechanical property evidenced by the biomechanical testing and significantly higher new bone formation as shown by histological analysis compared with the other two groups, and eventually obtained favorable healing efficacy of the segmental bone defect that was the closest to autograft transplantation. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated the feasibility of TV-TEBG construction with combination of perfusion seeding, perfusion culture and RP technique which exerted excellent biological properties. The application of TV-TEBG may become a preferred candidate for segmental bone defect repair in orthopedic and maxillofacial fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang-Yu Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Fei Feng
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Li
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, State Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and Vibration, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun-Yu Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen-Sheng Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Lei
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
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Lindner M, Bergmann C, Telle R, Fischer H. Calcium phosphate scaffolds mimicking the gradient architecture of native long bones. J Biomed Mater Res A 2013; 102:3677-84. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Revised: 10/25/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Markus Lindner
- Dental Materials and Biomaterials Research; RWTH Aachen University Hospital; Germany
| | - Christian Bergmann
- Dental Materials and Biomaterials Research; RWTH Aachen University Hospital; Germany
| | - Rainer Telle
- Institute for Mineral Engineering; RWTH Aachen University; Germany
| | - Horst Fischer
- Dental Materials and Biomaterials Research; RWTH Aachen University Hospital; Germany
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27
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Hong MH, Kim SM, Om JY, Kwon N, Lee YK. Seeding cells on calcium phosphate scaffolds using hydrogel enhanced osteoblast proliferation and differentiation. Ann Biomed Eng 2013; 42:1424-35. [PMID: 24129755 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-013-0926-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Internal pores in calcium phosphate (CaP) scaffolds pose an obstacle in cell seeding efficiency. Previous studies have shown inverse relationships between cell attachment and internal pore size, which mainly resulted from cells flowing to the bottom of culture plates. In order to overcome this structure-based setback, we have designed a method for cell seeding that involves hydrogel. CaP scaffolds fabricated with hydroxyapatite, biphasic calcium phosphate, and β-tricalcium phosphate, had respective porosities of 77.0, 77.9, and 82.5% and pore diameters of 671.1, 694.7, and 842.8 μm. We seeded the cells on the scaffolds using two methods: the first using osteogenic medium and the second using hydrogel to entrap cells. As expected, cell seeding efficiency of the groups with hydrogel ranged from 92.5 to 96.3%, whereas efficiency of the control groups ranged only from 64.2 to 71.8%. Cell proliferation followed a similar trend, which may have further influenced early stages of cell differentiation. We suggest that our method of cell seeding with hydrogel can impact the field of tissue engineering even further with modifications of the materials or the addition of biological factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Ho Hong
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Center for Orthopaedic Research, Columbia University Medical Center, 650 West 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA
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28
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Ramiro-Gutiérrez ML, Will J, Boccaccini AR, Díaz-Cuenca A. Reticulated bioactive scaffolds with improved textural properties for bone tissue engineering: Nanostructured surfaces and porosity. J Biomed Mater Res A 2013; 102:2982-92. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.34968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2013] [Revised: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 09/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Lourdes Ramiro-Gutiérrez
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla (ICMS); Centro Mixto CSIC-Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Américo Vespucio 49, Isla de la Cartuja; 41092 Seville Spain
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering; Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN); Spain
| | - Julia Will
- Institute of Biomaterials; Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen Nürnberg, Cauerstraße 6; 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Aldo R. Boccaccini
- Institute of Biomaterials; Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen Nürnberg, Cauerstraße 6; 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Aránzazu Díaz-Cuenca
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla (ICMS); Centro Mixto CSIC-Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Américo Vespucio 49, Isla de la Cartuja; 41092 Seville Spain
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering; Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN); Spain
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Horch RE, Boos AM, Quan Y, Bleiziffer O, Detsch R, Boccaccini AR, Alexiou C, Sun J, Beier JP, Arkudas A. Cancer research by means of tissue engineering--is there a rationale? J Cell Mol Med 2013; 17:1197-206. [PMID: 24118692 PMCID: PMC4159017 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2013] [Accepted: 08/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering (TE) has evoked new hopes for the cure of organ failure and tissue loss by creating functional substitutes in the laboratory. Besides various innovations in the context of Regenerative Medicine (RM), TE also provided new technology platforms to study mechanisms of angiogenesis and tumour cell growth as well as potentially tumour cell spreading in cancer research. Recent advances in stem cell technology--including embryonic and adult stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells--clearly show the need to better understand all relevant mechanisms to control cell growth when such techniques will be administered to patients. Such TE-Cancer research models allow us to investigate the interactions that occur when replicating physiological and pathological conditions during the initial phases of replication, morphogenesis, differentiation and growth under variable given conditions. Tissue microenvironment has been extensively studied in many areas of TE and it plays a crucial role in cell signalling and regulation of normal and malignant cell functions. This article is intended to give an overview on some of the most recent developments and possible applications of TE and RM methods with regard to the improvement of cancer research with TE platforms. The synthesis of TE with innovative methods of molecular biology and stem-cell technology may help investigate and potentially modulate principal phenomena of tumour growth and spreading, as well as tumour-related angiogenesis. In the future, these models have the potential to investigate the optimal materials, culture conditions and material structure to propagate tumour growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymund E Horch
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery and Laboratory for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich Alexander University (FAU) Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany; Emerging Fields Initiative, FAU Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
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Mangano C, Barboni B, Valbonetti L, Berardinelli P, Martelli A, Muttini A, Bedini R, Tetè S, Piattelli A, Mattioli M. In Vivo Behavior of a Custom-Made 3D Synthetic Bone Substitute in Sinus Augmentation Procedures in Sheep. J ORAL IMPLANTOL 2013; 41:240-50. [PMID: 23829685 DOI: 10.1563/aaid-joi-d-13-00053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the in vivo behavior of a custom-made three-dimensional (3D) synthetic bone substitute was evaluated when used as scaffold for sinus augmentation procedures in an animal model. The scaffold was a calcium phosphate ceramic fabricated by the direct rapid prototyping technique, dispense-plotting. The geometrical and chemical properties of the scaffold were first analyzed through light and electron scanning microscopes, helium picnometer, and semi-quantitative X-ray diffraction measurements. Then, 6 sheep underwent monolateral sinus augmentation with the fabricated scaffolds. The animals were euthanized after healing periods of 45 and 90 days, and block sections including the grafted area were obtained. Bone samples were subjected to micro computerized tomography, morphological and histomorphometric analyses. A complete integration of the scaffold was reported, with abundant deposition of newly formed bone tissue within the biomaterial pores. Moreover, initial foci of bone remodeling were mainly localized at the periphery of the implanted area after 45 days, while continuous bridges of mature lamellar bone were recorded in 90-day specimens. This evidence supports the hypothesis that bone regeneration proceeds from the periphery to the center of the sinus cavity. These results showed how a technique allowing control of porosity, pore design, and external shape of a ceramic bone substitute may be valuable for producing synthetic bone grafts with good clinical performances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Mangano
- 1 Department of Surgical and Morphological Science, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Barbara Barboni
- 2 Stem TeCh group, Chieti, Italy.,3 Department of Comparative Biomedical Science, University of Teramo, Italy
| | - Luca Valbonetti
- 2 Stem TeCh group, Chieti, Italy.,3 Department of Comparative Biomedical Science, University of Teramo, Italy
| | - Paolo Berardinelli
- 3 Department of Comparative Biomedical Science, University of Teramo, Italy
| | | | - Aurelio Muttini
- 3 Department of Comparative Biomedical Science, University of Teramo, Italy
| | | | - Stefano Tetè
- 5 Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio," Chieti, Italy
| | - Adriano Piattelli
- 5 Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio," Chieti, Italy
| | - Mauro Mattioli
- 3 Department of Comparative Biomedical Science, University of Teramo, Italy
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31
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Barboni B, Mangano C, Valbonetti L, Marruchella G, Berardinelli P, Martelli A, Muttini A, Mauro A, Bedini R, Turriani M, Pecci R, Nardinocchi D, Zizzari VL, Tetè S, Piattelli A, Mattioli M. Synthetic bone substitute engineered with amniotic epithelial cells enhances bone regeneration after maxillary sinus augmentation. PLoS One 2013; 8:e63256. [PMID: 23696804 PMCID: PMC3656960 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0063256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2012] [Accepted: 04/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Evidence has been provided that a cell-based therapy combined with the use of bioactive materials may significantly improve bone regeneration prior to dental implant, although the identification of an ideal source of progenitor/stem cells remains to be determined. Aim In the present research, the bone regenerative property of an emerging source of progenitor cells, the amniotic epithelial cells (AEC), loaded on a calcium-phosphate synthetic bone substitute, made by direct rapid prototyping (rPT) technique, was evaluated in an animal study. Material And Methods Two blocks of synthetic bone substitute (∼0.14 cm3), alone or engineered with 1×106 ovine AEC (oAEC), were grafted bilaterally into maxillary sinuses of six adult sheep, an animal model chosen for its high translational value in dentistry. The sheep were then randomly divided into two groups and sacrificed at 45 and 90 days post implantation (p.i.). Tissue regeneration was evaluated in the sinus explants by micro-computer tomography (micro-CT), morphological, morphometric and biochemical analyses. Results And Conclusions The obtained data suggest that scaffold integration and bone deposition are positively influenced by allotransplantated oAEC. Sinus explants derived from sheep grafted with oAEC engineered scaffolds displayed a reduced fibrotic reaction, a limited inflammatory response and an accelerated process of angiogenesis. In addition, the presence of oAEC significantly stimulated osteogenesis either by enhancing bone deposition or making more extent the foci of bone nucleation. Besides the modulatory role played by oAEC in the crucial events successfully guiding tissue regeneration (angiogenesis, vascular endothelial growth factor expression and inflammation), data provided herein show that oAEC were also able to directly participate in the process of bone deposition, as suggested by the presence of oAEC entrapped within the newly deposited osteoid matrix and by their ability to switch-on the expression of a specific bone-related protein (osteocalcin, OCN) when transplanted into host tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Barboni
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Science, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
- Stem TeCh Group, Chieti, Italy
| | - Carlo Mangano
- Department of Surgical and Morphological Science, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Luca Valbonetti
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Science, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
- Stem TeCh Group, Chieti, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Marruchella
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Science, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Paolo Berardinelli
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Science, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Alessandra Martelli
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Science, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Aurelio Muttini
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Science, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
- Stem TeCh Group, Chieti, Italy
| | - Annunziata Mauro
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Science, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Rossella Bedini
- Department of Technologies and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Maura Turriani
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Science, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Raffaella Pecci
- Department of Technologies and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Delia Nardinocchi
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Science, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Luca Zizzari
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Science, University “G. d'Annunzio”, Chieti, Italy
| | - Stefano Tetè
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Science, University “G. d'Annunzio”, Chieti, Italy
- Stem TeCh Group, Chieti, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Adriano Piattelli
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Science, University “G. d'Annunzio”, Chieti, Italy
| | - Mauro Mattioli
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Science, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
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Chen YX, Zhang K, Hao YN, Hu YC. Research status and application prospects of digital technology in orthopaedics. Orthop Surg 2013; 4:131-8. [PMID: 22927146 DOI: 10.1111/j.1757-7861.2012.00184.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last 10 years, basic and clinical research in orthopaedics has developed rapidly. Understanding of orthopaedic disorders involves not only routine diagnosis, but also the pursuit of highly efficient and accurate three-dimensional imaging of the intra- and extra-medullary distribution, form and structure of orthopaedic disorders, thus allowing scientific evaluation of the indications for surgery, drawing up of the best surgical plan, minimization of operative trauma and the earliest possible restoration of limb function. Meanwhile, the most important type of basic research, which was previously biomechanical research, has gradually become computational biomechanics based on in vitro cadaver experiments. This review aims to summarize the research status and application prospects of digital technology in orthopaedics, including virtual reality technology, reverse engineering and rapid prototyping techniques, computational biomechanics, computer navigation technology and management of digitization of medical records.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-xi Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tongji Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai
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The Effect of Sintering Temperature on the Microstructural and Mechanical Characteristics of Hydroxyapatite Macroporous Scaffolds Prepared via Freeze-Casting. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.529-530.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The most important characteristic of biomaterial as bone-repairing material, in addition to biocompatibility and appropriate porosity, is providing mechanical strength complying with injured tissue. In the present work, slurry with 15 vol% HA prepared from calcinated hydroxyapatite. The prepared slurry freeze casted unidirectionally with the cooling rate of 8°C/min from the ambient temperature. Then, green bodies freeze-dried for 72h following with sintering at different temperatures of 1250-1350°C with intervals of 25°C. The results showed that lamella space and porosity decreases with temperature while compressive strength and shrinkage goes up. Total porosity has a range of 75-83% while has a compressive strength of ~2-8 MPa. The sintered sample at 1350°C, with 75% porosity, which has a ~ 8 MPa compressive strength, chose to be the optimum. Also, some dendritic branch like structure and bridges can be seen on the internal walls of lamellae which can improve mechanical properties. These features may improve adhesion and growth of osseous cells.
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Cuttlefish bone scaffold for tissue engineering: a novel hydrothermal transformation, chemical-physical, and biological characterization. J Appl Biomater Funct Mater 2012; 10:99-106. [PMID: 22798241 DOI: 10.5301/jabfm.2012.9257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Natural resources are receiving growing interest because of their possible conversion from a cheap and easily available material into a biomedical product. Cuttlefish bone from Sepia Officinalis was investigated in order to obtain an hydroxyapatite porous scaffold using hydrothermal transformation. METHODS Complete conversion of the previous calcium carbonate (aragonite) phase into a calcium phosphate (hydroxyapatite) phase was performed with an hydrothermal transformation at 200 °C (~ 15 atm), for four hours, with an aqueous solution of KH2PO4 in order to set the molar ratio Ca/P = 10/6 in a reactor (Parr 4382). The complete conversion was then analyzed by TGA, ATR-FTIR, x-ray diffraction, and SEM. Moreover, the material was biologically investigated with MC3T3-E1 in static cultures, using both osteogenic and maintenance media. The expression of osteogenic markers as ALP and osteocalcin and the cell proliferation were investigated. RESULTS Cuttlefish bone has been successfully transformed from calcium carbonate into calcium phosphate. Biological characterization revealed that osteogenic markers are expressed using both osteogenic and maintenance conditions. Cell proliferation is influenced by the static culture condition used for this three-dimensional scaffold. CONCLUSIONS The new scaffold composed by hydroxyapatite and derived for a natural source presents good biocompatibility and can be used for further investigations using dynamic cultures in order to improve cell proliferation and differentiation for bone tissue engineering.
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Farhangdoust S, Zamanian A, Yasaei M, Khorami M. The effect of processing parameters and solid concentration on the mechanical and microstructural properties of freeze-casted macroporous hydroxyapatite scaffolds. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2012; 33:453-60. [PMID: 25428095 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2012.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2012] [Revised: 07/28/2012] [Accepted: 09/17/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The design and fabrication of macroporous hydroxyapatite scaffolds, which could overcome current bone tissue engineering limitations, have been considered in recent years. In the current study, controlled unidirectional freeze-casting at different cooling rates was investigated. In the first step, different slurries with initial hydroxyapatite concentrations of 7-37.5 vol.% were prepared. In the next step, different cooling rates from 2 to 14 °C/min were applied to synthesize the porous scaffold. Additionally, a sintering temperature of 1350 °C was chosen as an optimum temperature. Finally, the phase composition (by XRD), microstructure (by SEM), mechanical characteristics, and the porosity of sintered samples were assessed. The porosity of the sintered samples was in a range of 45-87% and the compressive strengths varied from 0.4 MPa to 60 MPa. The mechanical strength of the scaffolds increased as a function of initial concentration, cooling rate, and sintering temperature. With regards to mechanical strength and pore size, the samples with the initial concentration and the cooling rate of 15 vol.% and 5 °C/min, respectively, showed better results.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Farhangdoust
- Nanotechnology and Advance Materials Department, Materials and Energy Research Center, Karaj, Alborz, Iran.
| | - A Zamanian
- Nanotechnology and Advance Materials Department, Materials and Energy Research Center, Karaj, Alborz, Iran
| | - M Yasaei
- Nanotechnology and Advance Materials Department, Materials and Energy Research Center, Karaj, Alborz, Iran
| | - M Khorami
- Nanotechnology and Advance Materials Department, Materials and Energy Research Center, Karaj, Alborz, Iran
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Hwang JW, Park JS, Lee JS, Jung UW, Kim CS, Cho KS, Lee YK, Choi SH. Comparative evaluation of three calcium phosphate synthetic block bone graft materials for bone regeneration in rabbit calvaria. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2012; 100:2044-52. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.32768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2012] [Revised: 06/07/2012] [Accepted: 06/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Dorozhkin SV. Biphasic, triphasic and multiphasic calcium orthophosphates. Acta Biomater 2012; 8:963-77. [PMID: 21945826 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2011.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2011] [Revised: 08/26/2011] [Accepted: 09/01/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Biphasic, triphasic and multiphasic (polyphasic) calcium orthophosphates have been sought as biomaterials for reconstruction of bone defects in maxillofacial, dental and orthopedic applications. In general, this concept is determined by advantageous balances of more stable (frequently hydroxyapatite) and more resorbable (typically tricalcium orthophosphates) phases of calcium orthophosphates, while the optimum ratios depend on the particular applications. Therefore, all currently known biphasic, triphasic and multiphasic formulations of calcium orthophosphate bioceramics are sparingly soluble in water and, thus, after being implanted they are gradually resorbed inside the body, releasing calcium and orthophosphate ions into the biological medium and, hence, seeding new bone formation. The available formulations have already demonstrated proven biocompatibility, osteoconductivity, safety and predictability in vitro, in vivo, as well as in clinical models. More recently, in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that some of them might possess osteoinductive properties. Hence, in the field of tissue engineering biphasic, triphasic and multiphasic calcium orthophosphates represent promising biomaterials to construct various scaffolds capable of carrying and/or modulating the behavior of cells. Furthermore, such scaffolds are also suitable for drug delivery applications. This review summarizes the available information on biphasic, triphasic and multiphasic calcium orthophosphates, including their biomedical applications. New formulations are also proposed.
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