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Chen CF, Chou YS, Lee TM, Fu YC, Ou SF, Chen SH, Lee TC, Wang YH. The Uniform Distribution of Hydroxyapatite in a Polyurethane Foam-Based Scaffold (PU/HAp) to Enhance Bone Repair in a Calvarial Defect Model. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6440. [PMID: 38928145 PMCID: PMC11203484 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Polyurethane (PU) is a promising material for addressing challenges in bone grafting. This study was designed to enhance the bone grafting capabilities of PU by integrating hydroxyapatite (HAp), which is known for its osteoconductive and osteoinductive potential. Moreover, a uniform distribution of HAp in the porous structure of PU increased the effectiveness of bone grafts. PEG/APTES-modified scaffolds were prepared through self-foaming reactions. A uniform pore structure was generated during the spontaneous foaming reaction, and HAp was uniformly distributed in the PU structure (PU15HAp and PU30HAp) during foaming. Compared with the PU scaffolds, the HAp-modified PU scaffolds exhibited significantly greater protein absorption. Importantly, the effect of the HAp-modified PU scaffold on bone repair was tested in a rat calvarial defect model. The microstructure of the newly formed bone was analyzed with microcomputed tomography (μ-CT). Bone regeneration at the defect site was significantly greater in the HAp-modified PU scaffold group than in the PU group. This innovative HAp-modified PU scaffold improves current bone graft materials, providing a promising avenue for improved bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiu-Fang Chen
- School of Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100, Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
| | - Ya-Shuan Chou
- Orthopaedic Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (Y.-S.C.); (T.-C.L.)
- Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Tzer-Min Lee
- Institute of Oral Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Road, Tainan 701, Taiwan;
- School of Dentistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Yin-Chih Fu
- Orthopaedic Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (Y.-S.C.); (T.-C.L.)
- Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopedics, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopedics, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung 80145, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopedics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Fu Ou
- Department of Mold and Die Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan;
| | - Szu-Hsien Chen
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106216, Taiwan;
| | - Tien-Ching Lee
- Orthopaedic Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (Y.-S.C.); (T.-C.L.)
- Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopedics, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopedics, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung 80145, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopedics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan
| | - Yan-Hsiung Wang
- School of Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100, Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
- Orthopaedic Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (Y.-S.C.); (T.-C.L.)
- Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
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2
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Zegre M, Barros J, Ribeiro IAC, Santos C, Caetano LA, Gonçalves L, Monteiro Resource FJ, Ferraz MP, Bettencourt A. Poly(DL-lactic acid) scaffolds as a bone targeting platform for the co-delivery of antimicrobial agents against S. aureus-C. albicans mixed biofilms. Int J Pharm 2022; 622:121832. [PMID: 35595042 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
New strategies for the treatment of polymicrobial bone infections are required. In this study, the co-delivery of two antimicrobials by poly(D,L-lactic acid) (PDLLA) scaffolds was investigated in a polymicrobial biofilm model. PDLLA scaffolds were prepared by solvent casting/particulate leaching methodology, incorporating minocycline and voriconazole as clinically relevant antimicrobial agents. The scaffolds presented a sponge-like appearance, suitable to support cell proliferation and drug release. Single- and dual-species biofilm models of Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans were developed and characterized. S. aureus presented a higher ability to form single-species biofilms, compared to C. albicans. Minocycline and voriconazole-loaded PDLLA scaffolds showed activity against S. aureus and C. albicans single- and dual-biofilms. Ultimately, the cytocompatibility/functional activity of PDLLA scaffolds observed in human MG-63 osteosarcoma cells unveil their potential as a next-generation co-delivery system for antimicrobial therapy in bone infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Zegre
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisboa, Portugal; H&TRC - Centro de Investigação em Saúde e Tecnologia, ESTeSL - Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde de Lisboa, IPL - Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Av. D. João II, Lote 4.69.01, 1990-096, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - J Barros
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde - Associação, Universidade do Porto, R. Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal; INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, R. Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal
| | - I A C Ribeiro
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - C Santos
- CQE - Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1049-001,Lisboa, Portugal; EST Setúbal, CDP2T, Instituto Politécnico de Setúbal, Campus IPS, 2910 Setúbal,Portugal
| | - L A Caetano
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisboa, Portugal; H&TRC - Centro de Investigação em Saúde e Tecnologia, ESTeSL - Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde de Lisboa, IPL - Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Av. D. João II, Lote 4.69.01, 1990-096, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - L Gonçalves
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - F J Monteiro Resource
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde - Associação, Universidade do Porto, R. Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal; INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, R. Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal; FEUP/DEMM - Departamento de Engenharia Metalúrgica e de Materiais, Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - M P Ferraz
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde - Associação, Universidade do Porto, R. Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal; INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, R. Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal; FEUP/DEMM - Departamento de Engenharia Metalúrgica e de Materiais, Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
| | - A Bettencourt
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisboa, Portugal.
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Lee SS, Laganenka L, Du X, Hardt WD, Ferguson SJ. Silicon Nitride, a Bioceramic for Bone Tissue Engineering: A Reinforced Cryogel System With Antibiofilm and Osteogenic Effects. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:794586. [PMID: 34976982 PMCID: PMC8714913 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.794586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Silicon nitride (SiN [Si3N4]) is a promising bioceramic for use in a wide variety of orthopedic applications. Over the past decades, it has been mainly used in industrial applications, such as space shuttle engines, but not in the medical field due to scarce data on the biological effects of SiN. More recently, it has been increasingly identified as an emerging material for dental and orthopedic implant applications. Although a few reports about the antibacterial properties and osteoconductivity of SiN have been published to date, there have been limited studies of SiN-based scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. Here, we developed a silicon nitride reinforced gelatin/chitosan cryogel system (SiN-GC) by loading silicon nitride microparticles into a gelatin/chitosan cryogel (GC), with the aim of producing a biomimetic scaffold with antibiofilm and osteogenic properties. In this scaffold system, the GC component provides a hydrophilic and macroporous environment for cells, while the SiN component not only provides antibacterial properties and osteoconductivity but also increases the mechanical stiffness of the scaffold. This provides enhanced mechanical support for the defect area and a better osteogenic environment. First, we analyzed the scaffold characteristics of SiN-GC with different SiN concentrations, followed by evaluation of its apatite-forming capacity in simulated body fluid and protein adsorption capacity. We further confirmed an antibiofilm effect of SiN-GC against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) as well as enhanced cell proliferation, mineralization, and osteogenic gene upregulation for MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblast cells. Finally, we developed a bioreactor to culture cell-laden scaffolds under cyclic compressive loading to mimic physiological conditions and were able to demonstrate improved mineralization and osteogenesis from SiN-GC. Overall, we confirmed the antibiofilm and osteogenic effect of a silicon nitride reinforced cryogel system, and the results indicate that silicon nitride as a biomaterial system component has a promising potential to be developed further for bone tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seunghun S. Lee
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Leanid Laganenka
- Department of Biology, Institute of Microbiology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Xiaoyu Du
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Wolf-Dietrich Hardt
- Department of Biology, Institute of Microbiology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stephen J. Ferguson
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Tao F, Ma S, Tao H, Jin L, Luo Y, Zheng J, Xiang W, Deng H. Chitosan-based drug delivery systems: From synthesis strategy to osteomyelitis treatment - A review. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 251:117063. [PMID: 33142615 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Osteomyelitis is a complex disease in orthopedics mainly caused by bacterial pathogens invading bone or bone marrow. The treatment of osteomyelitis is highly difficult and it is a major challenge in orthopedic surgery. The long-term systemic use of antibiotics may lead to antibiotic resistance and has limited effects on eradicating local biofilms. Localized antibiotic delivery after surgical debridement can overcome the problem of antibiotic resistance and reduce systemic toxicity. Chitosan, a special cationic polysaccharide, is a product extracted from the deacetylation of chitin. It has numerous advantages, such as nontoxicity, biocompatibility, and biodegradability. Recently, chitosan has attracted significant attention in bacterial inhibition and drug delivery. Because chitosan contains many functional bioactive groups conducive to chemical reaction and modification, some chitosan-based biomaterials have been applied as the local antibiotic delivery systems in the treatment of osteomyelitis. This review aims to introduce recent advances in the biomedical applications of chitosan-based drug delivery systems in osteomyelitis treatment and to highlight the perspectives for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenghua Tao
- Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Sustainable Resource and Energy, Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass Resource Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, School of Resource and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Sijia Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Hai Tao
- Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Lin Jin
- Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Yue Luo
- Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Jian Zheng
- Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Wei Xiang
- Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Sustainable Resource and Energy, Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass Resource Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, School of Resource and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China.
| | - Hongbing Deng
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Sustainable Resource and Energy, Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass Resource Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, School of Resource and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China.
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5
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Wang S, Li Y, Li S, Yang J, Tang R, Li X, Li L, Fei J. Platelet-rich plasma loaded with antibiotics as an affiliated treatment for infected bone defect by combining wound healing property and antibacterial activity. Platelets 2020; 32:479-491. [PMID: 32396493 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2020.1759792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
To be faced with an infected bone defect and the need to accelerate bone union while controlling infection is a welcome challenge for orthopedists. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has been applied in tissue defects given their composition of growth factors however the weak antibacterial effects have limited the use of PRP in the clinical setting. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore the feasibility of using PRP in a local antibiotic delivery system (PADS) with the characteristics of promoting wound healing of bone infection. PADS was prepared with the addition of antibiotics or no antibiotics as control after PRP was prepared by a two-step centrifugation procedure. Antibacterial tests showed zones of inhibition produced by antibiotics were not significantly different with antibiotics combined with PRP. HPLC analysis demonstrated that about 60% of the total vancomycin (VAN) and ceftazidime (CAZ) dose were released within 10 min, then the release rate gradually decreased. However, 90% clindamycin was released within 10 min. Interestingly, above 10 times the minimum inhibitory concentration was presented after 72 h. Additionally, ELISA and morphology studies of PADS indicated that loaded antibiotics could reduce the PRP-released growth factor concentration and disturb the structure of platelet-fibrin beams and fibrin network in a dose-dependent manner. Fortunately, the lower dose of antibiotics maintained their anti-microbial effect, meanwhile growth factors released from PADS, the structure of platelet-fibrin beams, fibrin network remained unaffected. In addition, a patient experiencing infected bone defect receiving this PADS treatment achieved union within the 15-month follow-up. Therefore, this novel PADS approach might represent a potential therapy for patients who have sustained infected bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaochuan Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine of Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Youbin Li
- Department of Emergency Medicine of Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shidan Li
- Department of Emergency Medicine of Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Emergency Medicine of Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ruohui Tang
- Department of Emergency Medicine of Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoming Li
- Department 4, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Immunity and Infection, Research Institute of Surgery, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jun Fei
- Department of Emergency Medicine of Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Boles LR, Bumgardner JD, Fujiwara T, Haggard WO, Guerra FD, Jennings JA. Characterization of trimethyl chitosan/polyethylene glycol derivatized chitosan blend as an injectable and degradable antimicrobial delivery system. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 133:372-381. [PMID: 30986460 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.04.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Advanced local delivery systems are needed as adjunctive treatments for severe injuries with high infection rates, such as open fractures. Chitosan systems have been investigated as antimicrobial local delivery systems for orthopaedic infection but possess mismatches between elution and degradation properties. Derivatives of chitosan were chosen that have enhanced swelling ratios or tailorable degradation properties. A combination of trimethyl chitosan and poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate chitosan was developed as an injectable local delivery system. Research objectives were elution of antimicrobials for 7 days, degradation as open fractures heal, and cytocompatibility. The derivative combination eluted increased active concentrations of vancomycin and amikacin compared to the non-derivatized chitosan paste, 6 vs. 5 days and 5 vs. 4 days, respectively. The derivative combination degraded slower than non-derivatized paste in an enzymatic degradation study, 14 vs. 3 days, which increased antimicrobial delivery duration. Cytocompatibility of the combination with fibroblast and pre-osteoblast cells exceeds the cell viability standard set in ISO 10993-5. Combination paste requires an increased ejection force of 9.40 N (vs. 0.64 N), but this force was within an acceptable injection force threshold, 80 N. These preliminary results indicate combination paste should be further developed into a clinically useful adjunctive local delivery system for infection prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Logan R Boles
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, United States of America
| | - Joel D Bumgardner
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, United States of America
| | - Tomoko Fujiwara
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, United States of America
| | - Warren O Haggard
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, United States of America
| | - Fernanda D Guerra
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, United States of America
| | - Jessica A Jennings
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, United States of America.
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Paris JL, Lafuente-Gómez N, Cabañas MV, Román J, Peña J, Vallet-Regí M. Fabrication of a nanoparticle-containing 3D porous bone scaffold with proangiogenic and antibacterial properties. Acta Biomater 2019; 86:441-449. [PMID: 30654210 PMCID: PMC6667335 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
3D porous scaffolds based on agarose and nanocrystalline apatite, two structural components that act as a temporary mineralized extracellular matrix, were prepared by the GELPOR3D method. This shaping technology allows the introduction of thermally-labile molecules within the scaffolds during the fabrication procedure. An angiogenic protein, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor, and an antibiotic, cephalexin, loaded in mesoporous silica nanoparticles, were included to design multifunctional scaffolds for bone reconstruction. The dual release of both molecules showed a marked increase in the number of blood vessels on embryonic day 14 in chicken embryos grown ex ovo, while, at the same time providing an antibiotic local concentration capable of inhibiting Staphylococcus aureus bacterial growth. In this sense, different release patterns, monitored by UV-spectroscopy, could be tailored as a function of the cephalexin loading strategy, either releasing all the loaded cephalexin in the first 4 h or less than 50% after 24 h. The scaffold surface was characterized by a high hydrophilicity, with contact angles between 50° and 63°, which enabled the adhesion and proliferation of preosteoblastic cells. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The localized delivery of bioactive molecules has attracted significant attention due to the potential for dose reduction as well as reduced side effects compared to systemic delivery. In this article multifunctional 3D porous scaffolds with a designed porosity have been fabricated. The method also enables the controlled loading of an antibiotic drug and an angiogenic protein into the scaffold. These scaffolds, whose composition resembles the extracellular matrix are suitable for the adhesion of preosteoblast cells, exhibit a sustained cephalexin delivery adequate for inhibiting bacterial growth as well as release the proangiogenic molecule which induces blood vessel formation in chicken embryos grown ex ovo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan L Paris
- Dpto. Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas (Unidad de Química Inorgánica y Bioinorgánica), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28040 Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Spain
| | - Nuria Lafuente-Gómez
- Dpto. Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas (Unidad de Química Inorgánica y Bioinorgánica), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - M Victoria Cabañas
- Dpto. Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas (Unidad de Química Inorgánica y Bioinorgánica), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Jesús Román
- Dpto. Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas (Unidad de Química Inorgánica y Bioinorgánica), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Peña
- Dpto. Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas (Unidad de Química Inorgánica y Bioinorgánica), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Vallet-Regí
- Dpto. Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas (Unidad de Química Inorgánica y Bioinorgánica), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28040 Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Spain.
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Leukel S, Panthöfer M, Mondeshki M, Schärtl W, Plana-Ruiz S, Tremel W. Calcium Sulfate Nanoparticles with Unusual Dispersibility in Organic Solvents for Transparent Film Processing. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:7096-7105. [PMID: 29852740 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b00927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Calcium sulfate is one of the most important construction materials. Today it is employed as high-performance compound in medical applications and cement mixtures. We report a synthesis for calcium sulfate nanoparticles with outstanding dispersibility properties in organic solvents without further functionalization. The nanoparticles (amorphous with small γ-anhydrite crystallites, 5-50 nm particle size) form long-term stable dispersions in acetone without any sign of precipitation. 1H NMR spectroscopic techniques and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) reveal absorbed 2-propanol on the particle surfaces that induce the unusual dispersibility. Adding water to the nanoparticle dispersion leads to immediate precipitation. A phase transformation to gypsum via bassanite was monitored by an in situ kinetic FT-IR spectroscopic study and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The dispersibility in a volatile organic solvent and the crystallization upon contact with water open a broad field of applications for the CaSO4 nanoparticles, e.g., as nanogypsum for coatings or the fabrication of hybrid composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Leukel
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Analytische Chemie , Johannes Gutenberg-Universität , Duesbergweg 10-14 , D-55128 Mainz , Germany
- Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Staudingerweg 9 , D-55128 Mainz , Germany
| | - Martin Panthöfer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Analytische Chemie , Johannes Gutenberg-Universität , Duesbergweg 10-14 , D-55128 Mainz , Germany
| | - Mihail Mondeshki
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Analytische Chemie , Johannes Gutenberg-Universität , Duesbergweg 10-14 , D-55128 Mainz , Germany
| | - Wolfgang Schärtl
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie , Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz , Jakob-Welder-Weg 11-15 , D-55128 Mainz , Germany
| | - Sergi Plana-Ruiz
- Department of Materials and Geoscience , Technische Universität Darmstadt , Petersenstrasse 23 , 64287 Darmstadt , Germany
- LENS, MIND/IN2UB, Department of Electronics and Biomedical Engineering , Universitat de Barcelona , Martí i Franquès 1 , 08028 Barcelona , Catalonia
| | - Wolfgang Tremel
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Analytische Chemie , Johannes Gutenberg-Universität , Duesbergweg 10-14 , D-55128 Mainz , Germany
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Sivashanmugam A, Charoenlarp P, Deepthi S, Rajendran A, Nair SV, Iseki S, Jayakumar R. Injectable Shear-Thinning CaSO 4/FGF-18-Incorporated Chitin-PLGA Hydrogel Enhances Bone Regeneration in Mice Cranial Bone Defect Model. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:42639-42652. [PMID: 29143524 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b15845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
For craniofacial bone regeneration, shear-thinning injectable hydrogels are favored over conventional scaffolds because of their improved defect margin adaptability, easier handling, and ability to be injected manually into deeper tissues. The most accepted method, after autografting, is the use of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2); however, complications such as interindividual variations, edema, and poor cost-efficiency in supraphysiological doses have been reported. The endogenous synthesis of BMP-2 is desirable, and a molecule which induces this is fibroblast growth factor-18 (FGF-18) because it can upregulate the BMP-2 expression by supressing noggin. We developed a chitin-poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) composite hydrogel by regeneration chemistry and then incorporated CaSO4 and FGF-18 for this purpose. Rheologically, a 7-fold increase in the elastic modulus was observed in the CaSO4-incorporated chitin-PLGA hydrogels as compared to the chitin-PLGA hydrogel. Shear-thinning Herschel-Bulkley fluid nature was observed for both hydrogels. Chitin-PLGA/CaSO4 gel showed sustained release of FGF-18. In vitro osteogenic differentiation showed an enhanced alkaline phosphatase (ALP) expression in the FGF-18-containing chitin-PLGA/CaSO4 gel when compared to cells alone. Further, it was confirmed by studying the expression of osteogenic genes [RUNX2, ALP, BMP-2, osteocalcin (OCN), and osteopontin (OPN)], immunofluorescence staining of BMP-2, OCN, and OPN, and alizarin red S staining. Incorporation of FGF-18 in the hydrogel increased the endothelial cell migration. Further, the regeneration potential of the prepared hydrogels was tested in vivo, and longitudinal live animal μ-CT was performed. FGF-18-loaded chitin-PLGA/CaSO4 showed early and almost complete bone healing in comparison with chitin-PLGA/CaSO4, chitin-PLGA/FGF-18, chitin-PLGA, and sham control systems, as confirmed by hematoxylin and eosin and osteoid tetrachrome stainings. This shows that the CaSO4 and FGF-18-incorporated hydrogel is a potential candidate for craniofacial bone defect regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sivashanmugam
- Center for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita University , Kochi 682041, India
| | - Pornkawee Charoenlarp
- Section of Molecular Craniofacial Embryology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University , Tokyo 113 8510, Japan
| | - S Deepthi
- Center for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita University , Kochi 682041, India
| | - Arunkumar Rajendran
- Center for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita University , Kochi 682041, India
| | - Shantikumar V Nair
- Center for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita University , Kochi 682041, India
| | - Sachiko Iseki
- Section of Molecular Craniofacial Embryology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University , Tokyo 113 8510, Japan
| | - R Jayakumar
- Center for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita University , Kochi 682041, India
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Olthof MGL, Kempen DHR, Herrick JL, Yaszemski MJ, Dhert WJA, Lu L. Effect of different sustained bone morphogenetic protein-2 release kinetics on bone formation in poly(propylene fumarate) scaffolds. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2017; 106:477-487. [PMID: 28186684 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.33866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Revised: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the effect of sustained bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) release kinetics on bone formation in poly(propylene fumarate) (PPF) scaffolds, different poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres were used as delivery vehicles. All PPF scaffolds had the same 75% porous structure, while the degradation rate of the embedded PLGA microspheres was changed to tailor BMP-2 release by varying the lactic-to-glycolic acid (L:G) ratio in the copolymer. Four PLGA microsphere formulations with 50/50, 65/35, 75/25, and 85/15 L:G ratios and varying in vivo degradation rates were fabricated. The in vitro and in vivo BMP-2 release kinetics were determined by analyzing radiolabeled 125 I-BMP-2. Biological activity of released BMP-2 was tested using a W20-17 cell culture model in vitro and a subcutaneous rat model in vivo. Corresponding outcome parameters were defined as capacity to increase the in vitro AP activity in weekly consecutive cell cultures over 14 weeks and the in vivo bone formation after 7 and 14 weeks. The PLGA/PPF composites showed similar biological activity and BMP-2 release profiles in vitro. In vivo, PPF/PLGA 85:15 composite released significantly less BMP-2 per time point in the first weeks. Micro-CT and histological analysis after 7 and 14 weeks of implantation showed bone formation, which significantly increased over time for all composites. No significant differences were seen between the composites. Overall, the results of this study show that small differences in BMP-2 sustained release had no significant effect on BMP-2 osteogenic efficacy in PPF/PLGA composites. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 477-487, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurits G L Olthof
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, 55905.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, 55905.,Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center, 3508, GA, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3508, TD, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Diederik H R Kempen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis, 1090, HM, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - James L Herrick
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, 55905.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, 55905
| | - Michael J Yaszemski
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, 55905.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, 55905
| | - Wouter J A Dhert
- Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center, 3508, GA, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3508, TD, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Lichun Lu
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, 55905.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, 55905
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Mohiti-Asli M, Molina C, Diteepeng T, Pourdeyhimi B, Loboa EG. Evaluation of Silver Ion-Releasing Scaffolds in a 3D Coculture System of MRSA and Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells for Their Potential Use in Treatment or Prevention of Osteomyelitis. Tissue Eng Part A 2016; 22:1258-1263. [PMID: 27676280 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2016.0063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone infection, also called osteomyelitis, can result when bacteria invade a bone. Treatment of osteomyelitis usually requires surgical debridement and prolonged antimicrobial therapy. The rising incidence of infection with multidrug-resistant bacteria, in particular methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), however, limits the antimicrobial treatment options available. Silver is well known for its antimicrobial properties and is highly toxic to a wide range of microorganisms. We previously reported our development of biocompatible, biodegradable, nanofibrous scaffolds that released silver ions in a controlled manner. The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of these scaffolds in treating or preventing osteomyelitis. To achieve this objective, antimicrobial efficacy was determined using a 3D coculture system of human adipose-derived stem cells (hASC) and MRSA. Human ASC were seeded on the scaffolds and induced to undergo osteogenic differentiation in both the absence and presence of MRSA. Our results indicated that the silver ion-releasing scaffolds not only inhibited biofilm formation, but also supported osteogenesis of hASC. Our findings suggest that these biocompatible, degradable, silver ion-releasing scaffolds can be used at an infection site to treat osteomyelitis and/or to coat bone implants as a preventative measure against infection postsurgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Mohiti-Asli
- 1 Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University , Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Casey Molina
- 1 Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University , Raleigh, North Carolina
| | | | - Behnam Pourdeyhimi
- 3 College of Textiles, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Elizabeth G Loboa
- 1 Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University , Raleigh, North Carolina.,4 College of Engineering, University of Missouri , Columbia, Missouri
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Gu J, Wang T, Fan G, Ma J, Hu W, Cai X. Biocompatibility of artificial bone based on vancomycin loaded mesoporous silica nanoparticles and calcium sulfate composites. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2016; 27:64. [PMID: 26883948 PMCID: PMC4756035 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-016-5671-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility of artificial bone based on vancomycin loaded mesoporous silica nanoparticles and calcium sulfate composites. In vitro cytotoxicity tests by cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-8) assay showed that the 5%Van-MSN-CaSO4 and Van-CaSO4 bone cements were cytocompatible for mouse osteoblastic cell line MC3T3-E1. The microscopic observation confirmed that MC3T3-E1cells incubated with Van-CaSO4 group and 5%Van-MSN-CaSO4 group exhibited clear spindle-shaped changes, volume increase and maturation, showing that these cements supported adhesion of osteoblastic cells on their surfaces. In addition, the measurement of alkaline phosphatase activity revealed the osteoconductive property of these biomaterials. In order to assess in vivo biocompatibility, synthesized cements were implanted into the distal femur of twelve adult male and female New Zealand rabbits. After implantation in artificial defects of the distal femur, 5%Van-MSN-CaSO4 and Van-CaSO4 bone cements did not damage the function of main organs of rabbits. In addition, the Van-MSN-CaSO4 composite allowed complete repair of bone defects with new bone formation 3 months after implantation. These results show potential application of Van-MSN-CaSO4 composites as bone graft materials for the treatment of open fracture in human due to its mechanical, osteoconductive and potential sustained drug release characteristics and the absence of adverse effects on the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisheng Gu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Yanchang Road 301, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Teng Wang
- The First Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China
| | - Guoxin Fan
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Yanchang Road 301, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Junhua Ma
- The First Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Department of General Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Changhai Road 168, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Xiaobing Cai
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Yanchang Road 301, Shanghai, 200072, China.
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Asadi-Eydivand M, Solati-Hashjin M, Shafiei SS, Mohammadi S, Hafezi M, Abu Osman NA. Structure, Properties, and In Vitro Behavior of Heat-Treated Calcium Sulfate Scaffolds Fabricated by 3D Printing. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0151216. [PMID: 26999789 PMCID: PMC4801367 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability of inkjet-based 3D printing (3DP) to fabricate biocompatible ceramics has made it one of the most favorable techniques to generate bone tissue engineering (BTE) scaffolds. Calcium sulfates exhibit various beneficial characteristics, and they can be used as a promising biomaterial in BTE. However, low mechanical performance caused by the brittle character of ceramic materials is the main weakness of 3DP calcium sulfate scaffolds. Moreover, the presence of certain organic matters in the starting powder and binder solution causes products to have high toxicity levels. A post-processing treatment is usually employed to improve the physical, chemical, and biological behaviors of the printed scaffolds. In this study, the effects of heat treatment on the structural, mechanical, and physical characteristics of 3DP calcium sulfate prototypes were investigated. Different microscopy and spectroscopy methods were employed to characterize the printed prototypes. The in vitro cytotoxicity of the specimens was also evaluated before and after heat treatment. Results showed that the as-printed scaffolds and specimens heat treated at 300°C exhibited severe toxicity in vitro but had almost adequate strength. By contrast, the specimens heat treated in the 500°C-1000°C temperature range, although non-toxic, had insufficient mechanical strength, which was mainly attributed to the exit of the organic binder before 500°C and the absence of sufficient densification below 1000°C. The sintering process was accelerated at temperatures higher than 1000°C, resulting in higher compressive strength and less cytotoxicity. An anhydrous form of calcium sulfate was the only crystalline phase existing in the samples heated at 500°C-1150°C. The formation of calcium oxide caused by partial decomposition of calcium sulfate was observed in the specimens heat treated at temperatures higher than 1200°C. Although considerable improvements in cell viability of heat-treated scaffolds were observed in this study, the mechanical properties were not significantly improved, requiring further investigations. However, the findings of this study give a better insight into the complex nature of the problem in the fabrication of synthetic bone grafts and scaffolds via post-fabrication treatment of 3DP calcium sulfate prototypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitra Asadi-Eydivand
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mehran Solati-Hashjin
- Biomedical Engineering Faculty, Amirkabir University of Technology, 15914, Tehran, Iran
- Biomaterials Center of Excellence, Amirkabir University of Technology, 15914, Tehran, Iran
- * E-mail: (MS-H); (NAAO)
| | - Seyedeh Sara Shafiei
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Group, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, 14965/161, Iran
| | - Sepideh Mohammadi
- Biomedical Engineering Faculty, Amirkabir University of Technology, 15914, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Hafezi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Noor Azuan Abu Osman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- * E-mail: (MS-H); (NAAO)
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Lu H, Liu Y, Guo J, Wu H, Wang J, Wu G. Biomaterials with Antibacterial and Osteoinductive Properties to Repair Infected Bone Defects. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:334. [PMID: 26950123 PMCID: PMC4813196 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17030334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The repair of infected bone defects is still challenging in the fields of orthopedics, oral implantology and maxillofacial surgery. In these cases, the self-healing capacity of bone tissue can be significantly compromised by the large size of bone defects and the potential/active bacterial activity. Infected bone defects are conventionally treated by a systemic/local administration of antibiotics to control infection and a subsequent implantation of bone grafts, such as autografts and allografts. However, these treatment options are time-consuming and usually yield less optimal efficacy. To approach these problems, novel biomaterials with both antibacterial and osteoinductive properties have been developed. The antibacterial property can be conferred by antibiotics and other novel antibacterial biomaterials, such as silver nanoparticles. Bone morphogenetic proteins are used to functionalize the biomaterials with a potent osteoinductive property. By manipulating the carrying modes and release kinetics, these biomaterials are optimized to maximize their antibacterial and osteoinductive functions with minimized cytotoxicity. The findings, in the past decade, have shown a very promising application potential of the novel biomaterials with the dual functions in treating infected bone defects. In this review, we will summarize the current knowledge of novel biomaterials with both antibacterial and osteoinductive properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiping Lu
- School of Stomatology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China.
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Oral Implantology and Prosthetic Dentistry, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, MOVE Research Institute, Amsterdam 1081LA, The Netherlands.
| | - Jing Guo
- School of Stomatology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China.
| | - Huiling Wu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Medical School, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China.
| | - Jingxiao Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China.
| | - Gang Wu
- Department of Oral Implantology and Prosthetic Dentistry, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, MOVE Research Institute, Amsterdam 1081LA, The Netherlands.
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Cao Z, Jiang D, Yan L, Wu J. In vitro and in vivo osteogenic activity of the novel vancomycin-loaded bone-like hydroxyapatite/poly(amino acid) scaffold. J Biomater Appl 2015; 30:1566-77. [PMID: 26686585 DOI: 10.1177/0885328215623735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antibiotic-loaded carriers were developed because of their ability to fill cavities and deliver antibiotics locally following implantation. However, the most commonly used antibiotic carrier, polymethyl methacrylate, has many shortcomings, such as heat production, non-bioresorbable and lack of bone regeneration or conduction. Bone-like hydroxyapatite/poly(amino acid) scaffolds have been shown to have controllable biodegradability, nontoxicity, some osteogenic and osteoconductive properties, which has great potential as a carrier for local delivery of antibiotics. Vancomycin-loaded bone-like hydroxyapatite/poly(amino acid) was successfully fabricated by a homogeneous method using a diffusion control system. In this study, bone regeneration using this scaffold was observed both in vitro and in vivo. METHODS In vitro tests, MG63 cells were incubated with the vancomycin-loaded scaffold to observe its effects on the activation of osteoblasts. In vivo tests, the scaffolds were implanted into rabbit models of chronic osteomyelitis, including regular and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. The effects were evaluated by gross observation, X-ray and histological observation. RESULTS After incubating with the scaffold, MG63 cells exhibited good proliferative activity, and increased calcium and alkaline phosphatase synthesis compared with blank control group. In vivo tests, the experimental group showed increased bone growth in infectious bone defects compared with the control groups, regardless of the type of Staphylococcus aureus. CONCLUSION Vancomycin-loaded bone-like hydroxyapatite/poly(amino acid) scaffold has good potential for the repair of infectious bone defects because of its ability to deliver antibiotics and promote bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhidong Cao
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China Department of Orthopedics, The Emergency Medical Center of Chongqing City, Chongqing, China
| | - Dianming Jiang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ling Yan
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jun Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Fu YC, Wang YH, Chen CH, Wang CK, Wang GJ, Ho ML. Combination of calcium sulfate and simvastatin-controlled release microspheres enhances bone repair in critical-sized rat calvarial bone defects. Int J Nanomedicine 2015; 10:7231-40. [PMID: 26664114 PMCID: PMC4671780 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s88134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Most allogenic bone graft substitutes have only osteoconductive properties. Developing new strategies to improve the osteoinductive activity of bone graft substitutes is both critical and practical for clinical application. Previously, we developed novel simvastatin-encapsulating poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) microspheres (SIM/PLGA) that slowly release simvastatin and enhance fracture healing. In this study, we combined SIM/PLGA with a rapidly absorbable calcium sulfate (CS) bone substitute and studied the effect on bone healing in critical-sized calvarial bone defects in a rat model. The cytotoxicity and cytocompatibility of this combination was tested in vitro using lactate dehydrogenase leakage and a cell attachment assay, respectively. Combination treatment with SIM/PLGA and the CS bone substitute had no cytotoxic effect on bone marrow stem cells. Compared with the control, cell adhesion was substantially enhanced following combination treatment with SIM/PLGA and the CS bone substitute. In vivo, implantation of the combination bone substitute promoted healing of critical-sized calvarial bone defects in rats; furthermore, production of bone morphogenetic protein-2 and neovascularization were enhanced in the area of the defect. In summary, the combination of SIM/PLGA and a CS bone substitute has osteoconductive and osteoinductive properties, indicating that it could be used for regeneration of bone in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Chih Fu
- Orthopaedic Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan ; Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan ; Department of Orthopaedics, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan ; Department of Orthopaedics, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yan-Hsiung Wang
- Orthopaedic Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan ; School of Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Hwan Chen
- Orthopaedic Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan ; Department of Orthopaedics, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan ; Department of Orthopaedics, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Kuang Wang
- Orthopaedic Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan ; Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Gwo-Jaw Wang
- Orthopaedic Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan ; Department of Orthopaedics, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan ; Department of Orthopaedics, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Ling Ho
- Orthopaedic Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan ; Department of Orthopaedics, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan ; Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan ; Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Doty HA, Courtney HS, Jennings JA, Haggard WO, Bumgardner JD. Elution of amikacin and vancomycin from a calcium sulfate/chitosan bone scaffold. BIOMATERIALS AND BIOMECHANICS IN BIOENGINEERING 2015. [DOI: 10.12989/bme.2015.2.3.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Orthopaedic biomaterials are susceptible to biofilm formation. A novel lipid-based material has been developed that may be loaded with antibiotics and applied as an implant coating at point of care. However, this material has not been evaluated for antibiotic elution, biofilm inhibition, or in vivo efficacy. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES (1) Do antibiotic-loaded coatings inhibit biofilm formation? (2) Is the coating effective in preventing biofilm in vivo? METHODS Purified phosphatidylcholine was mixed with 25% amikacin or vancomycin or a combination of 12.5% of both. A 7-day elution study for coated titanium and stainless steel coupons was followed by turbidity and zone of inhibition assays against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Coupons were inoculated with bacteria and incubated 24 hours (N = 4 for each test group). Microscopic images of biofilm were obtained. After washing and vortexing, attached bacteria were counted. A mouse biofilm model was modified to include coated and uncoated stainless steel wires inserted into the lumens of catheters inoculated with a mixture of S aureus or P aeruginosa. Colony-forming unit counts (N = 10) and scanning electron microscopy imaging of implants were used to determine antimicrobial activity. RESULTS Active antibiotics with colony inhibition effects were eluted for up to 6 days. Antibiotic-loaded coatings inhibited biofilm formation on in vitro coupons (log-fold reductions of 4.3 ± 0.4 in S aureus and 3.1 ± 0 for P aeruginosa in phosphatidylcholine-only coatings, 5.6 ± 0 for S aureus and 3.1 ± 0 for P aeruginosa for combination-loaded coatings, 5.5 ± 0.3 for S aureus in vancomycin-loaded coatings, and 3.1 ± 0 for P aeruginosa for amikacin-loaded coatings (p < 0.001 for all comparisons of antibiotic-loaded coatings against uncoated controls for both bacterial strains, p < 0.001 for comparison of antibiotic-loaded coatings against phosphatidylcholine only for S aureus, p = 0.54 for comparison of vancomycin versus combination coating in S aureus, P = 0.99 for comparison of antibiotic- and unloaded phosphatidylcholine coatings in P aeruginosa). Similarly, antibiotic-loaded coatings reduced attachment of bacteria to wires in vivo (log-fold reduction of 2.54 ± 0; p < 0.001 for S aureus and 0.83 ± 0.3; p = 0.112 for P aeruginosa). CONCLUSIONS Coatings deliver active antibiotics locally to inhibit biofilm formation and bacterial growth in vivo. Future evaluations will include orthopaedic preclinical models to confirm therapeutic efficacy. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Clinical applications of local drug delivery coating could reduce the rate of implant-associated infections.
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Scaffold-based anti-infection strategies in bone repair. Ann Biomed Eng 2014; 43:515-28. [PMID: 25476163 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-014-1205-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Bone fractures and non-union defects often require surgical intervention where biomaterials are used to correct the defect, and approximately 10% of these procedures are compromised by bacterial infection. Currently, treatment options are limited to sustained, high doses of antibiotics and surgical debridement of affected tissue, leaving a significant, unmet need for the development of therapies to combat device-associated biofilm and infections. Engineering implants to prevent infection is a desirable material characteristic. Tissue engineered scaffolds for bone repair provide a means to both regenerate bone and serve as a base for adding antimicrobial agents. Incorporating anti-infection properties into regenerative medicine therapies could improve clinical outcomes and reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with biomaterial implant-associated infections. This review focuses on current animal models and technologies available to assess bone repair in the context of infection, antimicrobial agents to fight infection, the current state of antimicrobial scaffolds, and future directions in the field.
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Oryan A, Alidadi S, Moshiri A, Bigham-Sadegh A. Bone morphogenetic proteins: a powerful osteoinductive compound with non-negligible side effects and limitations. Biofactors 2014; 40:459-81. [PMID: 25283434 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2014] [Revised: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 07/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Healing and regeneration of large bone defects leading to non-unions is a great concern in orthopedic surgery. Since auto- and allografts have limitations, bone tissue engineering and regenerative medicine (TERM) has attempted to solve this issue. In TERM, healing promotive factors are necessary to regulate the several important events during healing. An ideal treatment strategy should provide osteoconduction, osteoinduction, osteogenesis, and osteointegration of the graft or biomaterials within the healing bone. Since many materials have osteoconductive properties, only a few biomaterials have osteoinductive properties which are important for osteogenesis and osteointegration. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are potent inductors of the osteogenic and angiogenic activities during bone repair. The BMPs can regulate the production and activity of some growth factors which are necessary for the osteogenesis. Since the introduction of BMP, it has added a valuable tool to the surgeon's possibilities and is most commonly used in bone defects. Despite significant evidences suggesting their potential benefit on bone healing, there are some evidences showing their side effects such as ectopic bone formation, osteolysis and problems related to cost effectiveness. Bone tissue engineering may create a local environment, using the delivery systems, which enables BMPs to carry out their activities and to lower cost and complication rate associated with BMPs. This review represented the most important concepts and evidences regarding the role of BMPs on bone healing and regeneration from basic to clinical application. The major advantages and disadvantages of such biologic compounds together with the BMPs substitutes are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Oryan
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
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Beenken KE, Smith JK, Skinner RA, Mclaren SG, Bellamy W, Gruenwald MJ, Spencer HJ, Jennings JA, Haggard WO, Smeltzer MS. Chitosan coating to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of calcium sulfate-based antibiotic therapy in the treatment of chronic osteomyelitis. J Biomater Appl 2014; 29:514-23. [PMID: 24854984 DOI: 10.1177/0885328214535452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrate that coating calcium sulfate with deacetylated chitosan enhances the elution profile of daptomycin by prolonging the period during which high concentrations of antibiotic are released. Coatings reduced initial bolus release of daptomycin by a factor of 10 to approximately 1000 µg/ml, and levels remained above 100 µg/ml for up to 10 days. Chitosan-coated and uncoated calcium sulfate implants with and without 15% daptomycin were evaluated in an experimental model of staphylococcal osteomyelitis through bacteriology scores, radiology, histopathology, and Gram staining. Significant reduction in bacteriology scores was observed for implants containing daptomycin and coated with chitosan compared with all the other groups. We confirm that the use of chitosan-coated calcium sulfate beads for local antibiotic delivery can be correlated with an improved therapeutic outcome following surgical debridement in the treatment of chronic osteomyelitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen E Beenken
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - James K Smith
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Robert A Skinner
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Sandra G Mclaren
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - William Bellamy
- Department of Pathology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - M Johannes Gruenwald
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Horace J Spencer
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Jessica A Jennings
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Warren O Haggard
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Mark S Smeltzer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
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