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Erkan O, Ozturk N, Ozdemir S. Impact of quetiapine on ion channels and contractile dynamics in rat ventricular myocyte. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 976:176674. [PMID: 38810715 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Antipsychotic drugs often lead to adverse effects, including those related to the cardiovascular system. Of these, quetiapine is known to cause significant changes in the QT interval although the underlying mechanism remains mysterious, prompting us to examine its effects on cardiac electrophysiological properties. Therefore, we investigated the effect of quetiapine on contraction, action potential (AP), and the associated membrane currents such as L-type Ca2+ and K+ using the whole-cell patch clamp method to examine its impacts on isolated rat ventricular myocytes. Our results showed that (1) quetiapine reduces cell contractility in a concentration-dependent manner and (2) leads to a significant prolongation in the duration of AP in isolated ventricular myocytes. This effect was both concentration and frequency-dependent; (3) quetiapine significantly decreased the Ca2+, transient outward K+, and steady-state K+ currents. However, only high concentration of quetiapine (100 μM) could significantly change the activation and reactivation kinetics of L-type Ca2+ channels. This study demonstrates that QT extension induced by quetiapine is mainly associated with the prolongation of AP. Moreover, quetiapine caused a significant decrease in contractile force and excitability of ventricular myocytes by suppressing Ca2+ and K+ currents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orhan Erkan
- Akdeniz University Faculty of Medicine Department of Biophysics, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Nihal Ozturk
- Akdeniz University Faculty of Medicine Department of Biophysics, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Semir Ozdemir
- Akdeniz University Faculty of Medicine Department of Biophysics, Antalya, Turkey.
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2
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Kaya HK, Demirtas B, Yokus B, Kesim DA, Tasdemir E, Sermet A. Comparative effects of pravastatin and rosuvastatin on carbohydrate metabolism in an experimental diabetic rat model. ACTA PHARMACEUTICA (ZAGREB, CROATIA) 2024; 74:117-130. [PMID: 38554383 DOI: 10.2478/acph-2024-0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
Statin treatment may increase the risk of diabetes; there is insufficient data on how statins affect glucose regulation and glycemic control and the effects of statins on liver enzymes related to carbohydrate metabolism have not been fully studied. Therefore, we aimed to compare the effects of the statin derivatives, pravastatin, and rosuvastatin, on carbohydrate metabolism in an experimental diabetic rat model. Female Wistar albino rats were used and diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin. Thereafter, 10 and 20 mg kg-1 day-1 doses of both pravastatin and rosuvastatin were administered by oral gavage to the diabetic rats for 8 weeks. At the end of the experiment, body masses, the levels of fasting blood glucose, serum insulin, insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), liver glycogen, and liver enzymes related to carbohydrate metabolism were measured. Both doses of pravastatin significantly in creased the body mass in diabetic rats, however, rosuvastatin, especially at the dose of 20 mg kg-1 day-1 reduced the body mass signi ficantly. Pravastatin, especially at a dose of 20 mg kg-1 day-1, caused significant increases in liver glycogen synthase and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase levels but significant decreases in the levels of glycogen phosphorylase, lactate dehydrogenase, and glucose-6-phosphatase. Hence, pravastatin partially ameliorated the adverse changes in liver enzymes caused by diabetes and, especially at the dose of 20 mg kg-1 day-1, reduced the fasting blood glucose level and increased the liver glycogen content. However, rosuvastatin, especially at the dose of 20 mg kg-1 day-1, significantly reduced the liver glycogen synthase and pyruvate kinase levels, but increased the glycogen phosphorylase level in diabetic rats. Rosuvastatin, 20 mg kg-1 day-1 dose, caused significant decreases in the body mass and the liver glycogen content of diabetic rats. It can be concluded that pravastatin, especially at the dose of 20 mg kg-1 day-1 is more effective in ameliorating the negative effects of diabetes by modulating carbohydrate metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hacer Kayhan Kaya
- Department of Physiology, Dicle University, Faculty of Medicine Diyarbakır, Turkey
| | - Berjan Demirtas
- Plant and Animal Production Department, Equine and Training Program, Vocational School of Veterinary Medicine, İstanbul University-Cerahpaşa, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Beran Yokus
- Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Dicle University Diyarbakır Turkey
| | - Dilek Aygün Kesim
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Dicle University, Faculty of Medicine Diyarbakır, Turkey
| | - Ezel Tasdemir
- Department of Internal Medicine Medicalpark Hospitals, Antalya Turkey
| | - Abdurrahman Sermet
- Department of Physiology, Dicle University, Faculty of Medicine Diyarbakır, Turkey
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Yamasan BE, Mercan T, Erkan O, Ozdemir S. Ellagic Acid Prevents Ca 2+ Dysregulation and Improves Functional Abnormalities of Ventricular Myocytes via Attenuation of Oxidative Stress in Pathological Cardiac Hypertrophy. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2021; 21:630-641. [PMID: 33909254 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-021-09654-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate whether ellagic acid (EA) treatment can prevent changes in contractile function and Ca2+ regulation of cardiomyocytes in pathologic cardiac hypertrophy. Groups were assigned as Con group; an ISO group in which the rats received isoproterenol alone (5 mg/kg/day); and an ISO + EA group in which the rats received isoproterenol and EA (20 mg/kg/day) for 4 weeks. Subsequently, fractional shortening, intracellular Ca2+ signals, and L-type Ca2+ currents of isolated ventricular myocytes were recorded. Protein expression levels were also determined by the Western blotting method. The survival rate was increased, and the upregulated cardiac hypertrophy markers were significantly attenuated with the EA treatment. The fractional shortening and relaxation rate of myocytes was decreased in the ISO group, whereas EA significantly improved these changes. Ventricular myocytes of the ISO + EA rats displayed lower diastolic Ca2+ levels, higher Ca2+ transients, shorter Ca2+ decay, and higher L-type Ca2+ currents than those of ISO rats. Protein expression analyses indicated that the upregulated p-PLB and p-CaMKII expressions were restored by EA treatment, suggesting improved calcium handling in the ISO + EA rat heart. Moreover, ISO rats displayed significantly increased expression of p-22phox and p47phox subunits of NOX2 protein. Expression of the p22phox subunit was reduced with EA administration, while the decrease in p47phox did not reach a significant level. The increased ROS impairs Ca2+ homeostasis and contractile activity of cardiac myocytes, whereas chronic EA administration prevents Ca2+ dysregulation and functional abnormalities associated with pathological cardiac hypertrophy via the diminution of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilge E Yamasan
- Department of Biophysics, Akdeniz University Faculty of Medicine, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Tanju Mercan
- Department of Biophysics, Akdeniz University Faculty of Medicine, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Orhan Erkan
- Department of Biophysics, Akdeniz University Faculty of Medicine, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Semir Ozdemir
- Department of Biophysics, Akdeniz University Faculty of Medicine, Antalya, Turkey.
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El-Sawaf ES, Saleh S, Abdallah DM, Ahmed KA, El-Abhar HS. Vitamin D and rosuvastatin obliterate peripheral neuropathy in a type-2 diabetes model through modulating Notch1, Wnt-10α, TGF-β and NRF-1 crosstalk. Life Sci 2021; 279:119697. [PMID: 34102194 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Vitamin D and rosuvastatin are well-known drugs that mediate beneficial effects in treating type-2 diabetes (T2D) complications; however, their anti-neuropathic potential is debatable. Hence, our study investigates their neurotherapeutic potential and the possible underlying mechanisms using a T2D-associated neuropathy rat model. MAIN METHODS Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) was induced with 8 weeks of administration of a high fat fructose diet followed by a single i.p. injection of streptozotocin (35 mg/kg). Six weeks later, DPN developed and rats were divided into five groups; viz., control, untreated DPN, DPN treated with vitamin D (cholecalciferol, 3500 IU/kg/week), DPN treated with rosuvastatin (10 mg/kg/day), or DPN treated with combination vitamin D and rosuvastatin. We determined their anti-neuropathic effects on small nerves (tail flick test); large nerves (electrophysiological and histological examination); neuronal inflammation (TNF-α and IL-18); apoptosis (caspase-3 activity and Bcl-2); mitochondrial function (NRF-1, TFAM, mtDNA, and ATP); and NICD1, Wnt-10α/β-catenin, and TGF-β/Smad-7 pathways. KEY FINDINGS Two-month treatment with vitamin D and/or rosuvastatin regenerated neuronal function and architecture and abated neuronal inflammation and apoptosis. This was verified by the inhibition of the neuronal content of TNF-α, IL-18, and caspase-3 activity, while augmenting Bcl-2 content in the sciatic nerve. These treatments inhibited the protein expressions of NICD1, Wnt-10α, β-catenin, and TGF-β; increased the sciatic nerve content of Smad-7; and enhanced mitochondrial biogenesis and function. SIGNIFICANCE Vitamin D and/or rosuvastatin alleviated diabetes-induced neuropathy by suppressing Notch1 and Wnt-10α/β-catenin; modulating TGF-β/Smad-7 signaling pathways; and enhancing mitochondrial function, which lessened neuronal degeneration, demyelination, and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Engie S El-Sawaf
- Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Future University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Samira Saleh
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Dalaal M Abdallah
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Kawkab A Ahmed
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hanan S El-Abhar
- Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Future University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt; Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Ozturk N, Uslu S, Mercan T, Erkan O, Ozdemir S. Rosuvastatin Reduces L-Type Ca 2+ Current and Alters Contractile Function in Cardiac Myocytes via Modulation of β-Adrenergic Receptor Signaling. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2021; 21:422-431. [PMID: 33565033 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-021-09642-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Rosuvastatin is one of the most used statins to lower plasma cholesterol levels. Although previous studies have reported remarkable cardiovascular effects of rosuvastatin (RSV), the mechanisms of these effects are largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the acute effects of RSV on L-type Ca2+ currents and contractile function of ventricular myocytes under basal conditions and during β-adrenergic stimulation. The effects of RSV were investigated in freshly isolated adult rat ventricular myocytes. L-type Ca+2 currents and myocyte contractility were recorded using patch-clamp amplifier and sarcomere length detection system. All experimental recordings were performed at 36 ± 1 °C. L-type Ca+2 currents were significantly reduced with the administration of 1 μM RSV (~ 24%) and this reduction in Ca2+ currents was observed at almost all potential ranges applied. Suppression of L-type Ca2+ current by RSV was prevented by adenylyl cyclase (AC) and protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitors SQ 22536 and KT5720, respectively. However, inhibition of Rho-associated kinases (ROCKs) by Y-27632 or nitric oxide synthase (NOS) by L-NAME failed to circumvent the inhibitory effect of RSV. Finally, we examined the effect of RSV during β-adrenergic receptor stimulation by isoproterenol and observed that RSV significantly suppresses the β-adrenergic responses in both L-type Ca2+ currents and contraction parameters. In conclusion, RSV modulates the β-adrenergic signaling cascade and thereby mimics the impact of β-adrenergic receptor blockers in adult ventricular myocytes through modulation of the AC-cAMP-PKA pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nihal Ozturk
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Serkan Uslu
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Tanju Mercan
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Orhan Erkan
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Semir Ozdemir
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey.
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Ozturk N, Uslu S, Ozdemir S. Diabetes-induced changes in cardiac voltage-gated ion channels. World J Diabetes 2021; 12:1-18. [PMID: 33520105 PMCID: PMC7807254 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v12.i1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus affects the heart through various mechanisms such as microvascular defects, metabolic abnormalities, autonomic dysfunction and incompatible immune response. Furthermore, it can also cause functional and structural changes in the myocardium by a disease known as diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) in the absence of coronary artery disease. As DCM progresses it causes electrical remodeling of the heart, left ventricular dysfunction and heart failure. Electrophysiological changes in the diabetic heart contribute significantly to the incidence of arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death in diabetes mellitus patients. In recent studies, significant changes in repolarizing K+ currents, Na+ currents and L-type Ca2+ currents along with impaired Ca2+ homeostasis and defective contractile function have been identified in the diabetic heart. In addition, insulin levels and other trophic factors change significantly to maintain the ionic channel expression in diabetic patients. There are many diagnostic tools and management options for DCM, but it is difficult to detect its development and to effectively prevent its progress. In this review, diabetes-associated alterations in voltage-sensitive cardiac ion channels are comprehensively assessed to understand their potential role in the pathophysiology and pathogenesis of DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nihal Ozturk
- Department of Biophysics, Akdeniz University Faculty of Medicine, Antalya 07058, Turkey
| | - Serkan Uslu
- Department of Biophysics, Akdeniz University Faculty of Medicine, Antalya 07058, Turkey
| | - Semir Ozdemir
- Department of Biophysics, Akdeniz University Faculty of Medicine, Antalya 07058, Turkey
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Finkler JM, Carvalho SC, Santo Neto H, Marques MJ. Cardiac and skeletal muscle changes associated with rosuvastatin therapy in dystrophic
mdx
mice. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2019; 303:2202-2212. [DOI: 10.1002/ar.24341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Júlia M.G. Finkler
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP) Campinas Brazil
| | - Samara C. Carvalho
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP) Campinas Brazil
| | - Humberto Santo Neto
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP) Campinas Brazil
| | - Maria J. Marques
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP) Campinas Brazil
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Olgar Y, Celen MC, Yamasan BE, Ozturk N, Turan B, Ozdemir S. Rho-kinase inhibition reverses impaired Ca 2+ handling and associated left ventricular dysfunction in pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy. Cell Calcium 2017; 67:81-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/09/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Kucuk M, Celen MC, Yamasan BE, Kucukseymen S, Ozdemir S. Effects of prasugrel on membrane potential and contractile activity of rat ventricular myocytes. Pharmacol Rep 2017; 70:156-160. [PMID: 29367102 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2017.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Though prasugrel is one of the important P2Y12 inhibitors currently in use for antiplatelet therapy, its potential effects on contractility and electrical activity of ventricular myocytes have not yet been investigated. Hence this study was designed to study the impact of prasugrel on contractile function and membrane potential of isolated ventricular myocytes. METHODS Freshly isolated rat ventricular myocytes were used in this study. Myocyte contraction was measured during electrical stimulation of cardiomyocytes and the action potential (AP) recordings were obtained with current clamp mode of the patch-clamp amplifier. RESULTS AP duration and fractional shortening of ventricular myocytes did not show any change with the administration of 1μM of prasugrel. However, remarkable depolarization of resting membrane potential followed by apparent fibrillation episodes was detected in the cardiomyocytes. Similar events were observed in the contractile activity of myocytes during field stimulation. Also, a higher concentration of prasugrel (10μM) elicited repeated fibrillations, which disappeared after washout or nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibition with L-NAME. In contrast, the same concentration of ticagrelor, another P2Y12 inhibitor did not induce fibrillation events though it decreased the contractility of ventricular myocytes significantly. The perfusion of ventricular myocytes with L-NAME did not alter the negative inotropic effect of ticagrelor. CONCLUSIONS Prasugrel, a widely used antithrombotic agent, may induce depolarization in the membrane potential of myocytes as well as fibrillation via NO mediated pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murathan Kucuk
- Akdeniz University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Murat Cenk Celen
- Akdeniz University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biophysics, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Bilge Eren Yamasan
- Akdeniz University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biophysics, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Selcuk Kucukseymen
- Antalya Training and Research Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Semir Ozdemir
- Akdeniz University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biophysics, Antalya, Turkey.
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Kucuk M, Celen MC, Yamasan BE, Olgar Y, Ozdemir S. Effects of Ticagrelor on Ionic Currents and Contractility in Rat Ventricular Myocytes. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2016; 29:419-24. [PMID: 26410045 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-015-6617-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Antiplatelet therapy has been widely used for management of patients with ischaemic heart diseases or thrombotic events. Experimental studies have shown that ticlopidine and clopidogrel decreased L-type Ca(2+) currents (ICaL), altered action potential (AP) duration and thence exerted negative inotropic effects. In this study we tested if ticagrelor, a non-thienopyridine agent, has any influence on contractile and electrical properties of isolated ventricular myocytes. METHODS Cardiomyocytes were isolated from male rat hearts with an enzymatic dissociation procedure and left ventricular myocytes were used for experiments. The effects of ticagrelor (1 μM) on sarcomere shortening, ionic currents and action potentials were measured at 36 ± 1 °C. RESULTS Ticagrelor significantly reduced ICaL density (~18%, p < 0.01) of ventricular myocytes and this effect was reversible. In consistence, it also decreased sarcomere shortening of electrically stimulated cardiomyocytes (13%, p < 0.05), while it did not change relaxation rates. Repolarizing K(+) currents and AP duration were unaffected by 1 μM ticagrelor application. CONCLUSIONS Ticagrelor exerts a significant influence on contractile properties and membrane currents of ventricular myocytes similarly to thienopyridine agents. The impact of ticagrelor on cardiac excitation-contraction coupling elements is important, since it is widely used for the treatment of patients with heart diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murathan Kucuk
- Faculty of Medicine Department of Cardiology, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Murat C Celen
- Faculty of Medicine Department of Biophysics, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Bilge E Yamasan
- Faculty of Medicine Department of Biophysics, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Olgar
- Faculty of Medicine Department of Biophysics, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Semir Ozdemir
- Faculty of Medicine Department of Biophysics, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey.
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11
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Bonsu KO, Owusu IK, Buabeng KO, Reidpath DD, Kadirvelu A. Review of novel therapeutic targets for improving heart failure treatment based on experimental and clinical studies. Ther Clin Risk Manag 2016; 12:887-906. [PMID: 27350750 PMCID: PMC4902145 DOI: 10.2147/tcrm.s106065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a major public health priority due to its epidemiological transition and the world's aging population. HF is typified by continuous loss of contractile function with reduced, normal, or preserved ejection fraction, elevated vascular resistance, fluid and autonomic imbalance, and ventricular dilatation. Despite considerable advances in the treatment of HF over the past few decades, mortality remains substantial. Pharmacological treatments including β-blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, and aldosterone antagonists have been proven to prolong the survival of patients with HF. However, there are still instances where patients remain symptomatic, despite optimal use of existing therapeutic agents. This understanding that patients with chronic HF progress into advanced stages despite receiving optimal treatment has increased the quest for alternatives, exploring the roles of additional pathways that contribute to the development and progression of HF. Several pharmacological targets associated with pathogenesis of HF have been identified and novel therapies have emerged. In this work, we review recent evidence from proposed mechanisms to the outcomes of experimental and clinical studies of the novel pharmacological agents that have emerged for the treatment of HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwadwo Osei Bonsu
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Sunway Campus, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
- Accident and Emergency Directorate, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Isaac Kofi Owusu
- Department of Medicine, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Kwame Ohene Buabeng
- Department of Clinical and Social Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Daniel Diamond Reidpath
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Sunway Campus, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Amudha Kadirvelu
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Sunway Campus, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
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12
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Ozturk N, Olgar Y, Aslan M, Ozdemir S. Effects of magnesium supplementation on electrophysiological remodeling of cardiac myocytes in L-NAME induced hypertensive rats. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2016; 48:425-36. [PMID: 27193439 DOI: 10.1007/s10863-016-9666-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hypertension is one of the major risk factors of cardiac hypertrophy and magnesium deficiency is suggested to be a contributing factor in the progression of this complication. In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between intracellular free Mg(2+) levels and electrophysiological changes developed in the myocardium of L-NAME induced hypertensive rats. Hypertension was induced by administration of 40 mg/kg of L-NAME for 6 weeks, while magnesium treated rats fed with a diet supplemented with 1 g/kg of MgO for the same period. L-NAME administration for 6 weeks elicited a significant increase in blood pressure which was corrected with MgO treatment; thereby cardiac hypertrophy developing secondary to hypertension was prevented. Cytosolic free magnesium levels of ventricular myocytes were significantly decreased with hypertension and magnesium administration restored these changes. Hypertension significantly decreased the fractional shortening with slowing of shortening kinetics in left ventricular myocytes whereas magnesium treatment was capable of restoring hypertension-induced contractile dysfunction. Long-term magnesium treatment significantly restored the hypertension-induced prolongation in action potentials of ventricular myocytes and suppressed Ito and Iss currents. In contrast, hypertension dependent decrement in intracellular Mg(2+) level did not cause a significant change in L-type Ca(2+) currents, SR Ca(2+) content and NCX activity. Nevertheless, hypertension mediated increase in superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide and protein oxidation mitigated with magnesium treatment. In conclusion, magnesium administration improves mechanical abnormalities observed in hypertensive rat ventricular myocytes due to reduced oxidative stress. It is likely that, changes in intracellular magnesium balance may contribute to the pathophysiology of chronic heart diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nihal Ozturk
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biophysics, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Olgar
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biophysics, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Mutay Aslan
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Semir Ozdemir
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biophysics, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey.
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Ma Y, Kong L, Qi S, Wang D. Atorvastatin blocks increased l-type Ca2+ current and cell injury elicited by angiotensin II via inhibiting oxide stress. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2016; 48:378-84. [PMID: 26940997 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmw009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Thel-type Ca(2+)current (ICa,l) plays a crucial role in shaping action potential and is involved in cardiac arrhythmia. Statins have been demonstrated to contribute to anti-apoptotic and anti-arrhythmic effects in the heart. Here, we examined whether atorvastatin regulates theICa,land cell injury induced by angiotensin II (AngII) as well as the putative intracellular cascade responsible for the effects. Cultured neonatal rat ventricular myocytes were incubated with AngII for 24 h, and then cell injury and expression levels of Nox2/gp91(phox), p47(phox) ,and Cav1.2 were analyzed. In addition,ICa,lwas recorded using the whole-cell patch-clamp technique, and mechanisms of atorvastatin actions were also investigated. It was found that the number of apoptotic cardiomyocytes was increased and cell viability was significantly decreased after AngII administration. AngII also augmented the expressions of Nox2/gp91(phox)and p47(phox)compared with control cardiomyocytes. Exposure to AngII evokedICa,lin a voltage-dependent manner without affecting theI-Vrelationship. In addition, AngII enhanced membrane Cav1.2 expression. These effects were abolished in the presence of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger, manganese (III)-tetrakis 4-benzoic acid porphyrin [Mn(III)TBAP], or the 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase inhibitor, atorvastatin. These results suggested that atorvastatin mediates cardioprotection against arrhythmias and cell injury by controlling the AngII-ROS cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanzhuo Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Bethune International Peace Hospital, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
| | - Lingfeng Kong
- Department of Cardiology, Bethune International Peace Hospital, Shijiazhuang 050000, China Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050011, China
| | - Shuying Qi
- Department of Cardiology, Bethune International Peace Hospital, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
| | - Dongmei Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Bethune International Peace Hospital, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
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Olgar Y, Ozturk N, Usta C, Puddu PE, Ozdemir S. Ellagic acid reduces L-type Ca2+ current and contractility through modulation of NO-GC-cGMP pathways in rat ventricular myocytes. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2015; 64:567-73. [PMID: 25165997 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
There is evidence that phenolic structure may have biological functions. Ellagic acid (EA), a phenolic compound, has been suggested to have cardioprotective effects. EA effects were investigated on cardiac Ca currents and contractility in rat ventricular myocytes to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Freshly isolated ventricular myocytes from rat hearts were used. EA dose-dependently reduced Ca currents (ICaL) with EC50 = 23 nM, whereas it did not affect the inactivation and reactivation parameters. Inhibition of adenylate cyclase by SQ-22536 (10 μM) and probucol (5 μM) had no effect on EA modulation of ICaL. Nitric oxide synthase block by L-NAME (500 μM) and of guanylate cyclase by ODQ (1 μM) abolished EA inhibitory effects on ICaL. Moreover, EA blunted ventricular myocytes' fractional shortening in a concentration-dependent manner. In conclusion, EA affects ionic and mechanical properties of rat ventricular myocytes starting at nanomolar concentrations. EA suppresses ICaL and exerts negative inotropic effects through activation of NOS-GC-cGMP pathways. Thus, EA may be useful in pathophysiological conditions such as hypertension and ischemic heart diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuf Olgar
- Departments of *Biophysics; and †Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey; and ‡Department of Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Nephrological, Anesthesiological and Geriatric Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Ma S, Deng J, Li B, Li X, Yan Z, Zhu J, Chen G, Wang Z, Jiang H, Miao L, Li J. Development of Second-Generation Small-Molecule RhoA Inhibitors with Enhanced Water Solubility, Tissue Potency, and Significant in vivo Efficacy. ChemMedChem 2014; 10:193-206. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201402386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Crespo MJ, Cruz N, Quidgley J, Torres H, Hernandez C, Casiano H, Rivera K. Daily Administration of Atorvastatin and Simvastatin for One Week Improves Cardiac Function in Type 1 Diabetic Rats. Pharmacology 2014; 93:84-91. [DOI: 10.1159/000358256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Accepted: 12/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Ozturk N, Olgar Y, Ozdemir S. Trace elements in diabetic cardiomyopathy: An electrophysiological overview. World J Diabetes 2013; 4:92-100. [PMID: 23961319 PMCID: PMC3746091 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v4.i4.92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2013] [Revised: 07/12/2013] [Accepted: 07/19/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a growing body of evidence that Diabetes Mellitus leads to a specific cardiomyopathy apart from vascular disease and bring about high morbidity and mortality throughout the world. Recent clinical and experimental studies have extensively demonstrated that this cardiomyopathy causes impaired cardiac performance manifested by early diastolic and late systolic dysfunction. This impaired cardiac performance most probably have emerged upon the expression and activity of regulatory proteins such as Na+/Ca2+ exchanger, sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase, ryanodine receptor and phospholamban. Over years many therapeutic strategies have been recommended for treatment of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Lately, inorganic elements have been suggested to have anti-diabetic effects due to their suggested ability to regulate glucose homeostasis, reduce oxidative stress or suppress phosphatases. Recent findings have shown that trace elements exert many biological effects including insulin-mimetic or antioxidant activity and in this manner they have been recommended as potential candidates for treatment of diabetes-induced cardiac complications, an effect based on their modes of action. Some of these trace elements are known to play an essential role as component of enzymes and thus modulate the organ function in physiological and pathological conditions. Besides, they can also manipulate redox state of the channels via antioxidant properties and thus contribute to the regulation of [Ca2+]i homeostasis and cardiac ion channels. On account of little information about some trace elements, we discussed the effect of vanadium, selenium, zinc and tungstate on diabetic heart complications.
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