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Russavage EM, Hewlett JA, Grunseich JM, Szczepaniec A, Rooney WL, Helms AM, Eubanks MD. Aphid-Induced Volatiles and Subsequent Attraction of Natural Enemies Varies among Sorghum Cultivars. J Chem Ecol 2024; 50:262-275. [PMID: 38647585 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-024-01493-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
The production of herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) is a type of indirect defense used by plants to attract natural enemies and reduce herbivory by insect pests. In many crops little is known about genotypic variation in HIPV production or how this may affect natural enemy attraction. In this study, we identified and quantified HIPVs produced by 10 sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) cultivars infested with a prominent aphid pest, the sorghum aphid (Melanaphis sorghi Theobald). Volatiles were collected using dynamic headspace sampling techniques and identified and quantified using GC-MS. The total amounts of volatiles induced by the aphids did not differ among the 10 cultivars, but overall blends of volatiles differed significantly in composition. Most notably, aphid herbivory induced higher levels of methyl salicylate (MeSA) emission in two cultivars, whereas in four cultivars, the volatile emissions did not change in response to aphid infestation. Dual-choice olfactometer assays were used to determine preference of the aphid parasitoid, Aphelinus nigritus, and predator, Chrysoperla rufilabris, between plants of the same cultivar that were un-infested or infested with aphids. Two aphid-infested cultivars were preferred by natural enemies, while four other cultivars were more attractive to natural enemies when they were free of aphids. The remaining four cultivars elicited no response from parasitoids. Our work suggests that genetic variation in HIPV emissions greatly affects parasitoid and predator attraction to aphid-infested sorghum and that screening crop cultivars for specific predator and parasitoid attractants has the potential to improve the efficacy of biological control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily M Russavage
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, 2475 TAMU, College Station, 77843, TX, USA.
| | - Jeremy A Hewlett
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, 2475 TAMU, College Station, 77843, TX, USA
| | - John M Grunseich
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, 2475 TAMU, College Station, 77843, TX, USA
| | - Adrianna Szczepaniec
- Department of Agricultural Biology, Colorado State University, 1177 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - William L Rooney
- Department of Soil and Crop Science, Texas A&M University, 405 Turk Rd, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Anjel M Helms
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, 2475 TAMU, College Station, 77843, TX, USA
| | - Micky D Eubanks
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, 2475 TAMU, College Station, 77843, TX, USA
- Department of Agricultural Biology, Colorado State University, 1177 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
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Teng D, Liu D, Khashaveh A, Lv B, Sun P, Geng T, Cui H, Wang Y, Zhang Y. Engineering DMNT emission in cotton enhances direct and indirect defense against mirid bugs. J Adv Res 2024:S2090-1232(24)00212-1. [PMID: 38806097 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION As an important herbivore-induced plant volatile, (3E)-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene (DMNT) is known for its defensive role against multiple insect pests, including attracting natural enemies. A terpene synthase (GhTPS14) and two cytochrome P450 (GhCYP82L1, GhCYP82L2) enzymes are involved in the de novo synthesis of DMNT in cotton. We conducted a study to test the potential of manipulating DMNT-synthesizing enzymes to enhance plant resistance to insects. OBJECTIVES To manipulate DMNT emissions in cotton and generate cotton lines with increased resistance to mirid bug Apolygus lucorum. METHODS Biosynthesis and emission of DMNT by cotton plants were altered using CRISPR/Cas9 and overexpression approaches. Dynamic headspace sampling and GC-MS analysis were used to collect, identify and quantify volatiles. The attractiveness and suitability of cotton lines against mirid bug and its parasitoid Peristenus spretus were evaluated through various assays. RESULTS No DMNT emission was detected in knockout CAS-L1L2 line, where both GhCYP82L1 and GhCYP82L2 were knocked out. In contrast, gene-overexpressed lines released higher amounts of DMNT when infested by A. lucorum. At the flowering stage, L114 (co-overexpressing GhCYP82L1 and GhTPS14) emitted 10-15-fold higher amounts than controls. DMNT emission in overexpressed transgenic lines could be triggered by methyl jasmonate (MeJA) treatment. Apolygus lucorum and its parasitoid were far less attracted to the double edited CAS-L1L2 plants, however, co-overexpressed line L114 significantly attracted bugs and female wasps. A high dose of DMNT, comparable to the emission of L114, significantly inhibited the growth of A. lucorum, and further resulted in higher mortalities. CONCLUSION Turning down DMNT emission attenuated the behavioral preferences of A. lucorum to cotton. Genetically modified cotton plants with elevated DMNT emission not only recruited parasitoids to enhance indirect defense, but also formed an ecological trap to kill the bugs. Therefore, manipulation of DMNT biosynthesis and emission in plants presents a promising strategy for controlling mirid bugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Teng
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Danfeng Liu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plant Reproductive Adaptation and Evolutionary Ecology and Centre for Invasion Biology, Institute of Biodiversity, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650504, China
| | - Adel Khashaveh
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Beibei Lv
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; Institute of Cotton Research, Shanxi Agricultural University, Yuncheng 044000, China
| | - Peiyao Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ting Geng
- National Plant Protection Scientific Observation and Experiment Station, Langfang 065000, China
| | - Hongzhi Cui
- Biocentury Transgene (China) Co. Ltd., Shenzhen 518117, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plant Reproductive Adaptation and Evolutionary Ecology and Centre for Invasion Biology, Institute of Biodiversity, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650504, China
| | - Yongjun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
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Sun X, Hu C, Yi G, Zhang X. Identification and characterization of two P450 enzymes from Citrus sinensis involved in TMTT and DMNT biosyntheses and Asian citrus psyllid defense. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2024; 11:uhae037. [PMID: 38617747 PMCID: PMC11009467 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhae037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
The homoterpenes (3E)-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene (DMNT) and (E,E)-4,8,12-trimethyl-1,3,7,11-tridecatetraene (TMTT) are the major herbivore-induced plant volatiles that help in defense directly by acting as repellants and indirectly by recruiting insects' natural enemies. In this study, DMNT and TMTT were confirmed to be emitted from citrus (Citrus sinensis) leaves infested with Asian citrus psyllid (Diaphorina citri Kuwayama; ACP), and two cytochrome P450 (CYP) genes (CsCYP82L1 and CsCYP82L2) were newly identified and characterized. Understanding the functions of these genes in citrus defense will help plan strategies to manage huanglongbing caused by Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas) and spread by ACP. Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) analysis showed that CsCYP82L1 and CsCYP82L2 were significantly upregulated in citrus leaves after ACP infestation. Yeast recombinant expression and enzyme assays indicated that CsCYP82L1 and CsCYP82L2 convert (E)-nerolidol to DMNT and (E,E)-geranyllinalool to TMTT. However, citrus calluses stably overexpressing CsCYP82L1 generated only DMNT, whereas those overexpressing CsCYP82L2 produced DMNT and TMTT. Furthermore, ACPs preferred wild-type lemon (Citrus limon) over the CsCYP82L1-overexpressing line in dual-choice feeding assays and mineral oil over TMTT or DMNT in behavioral bioassays. Finally, yeast one-hybrid, electrophoretic mobility shift, and dual luciferase assays demonstrated that CsERF017, an AP2/ERF transcription factor, directly bound to the CCGAC motif and activated CsCYP82L1. Moreover, the transient overexpression of CsERF017 in lemon leaves upregulated CsCYP82L1 in the absence and presence of ACP infestation. These results provide novel insights into homoterpene biosynthesis in C. sinensis and demonstrate the effect of homoterpenes on ACP behavior, laying a foundation to genetically manipulate homoterpene biosynthesis for application in huanglongbing and ACP control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueli Sun
- Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research, Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Chunhua Hu
- Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research, Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Ganjun Yi
- Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research, Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xinxin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research, Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
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Yi C, Teng D, Xie J, Tang H, Zhao D, Liu X, Liu T, Ding W, Khashaveh A, Zhang Y. Volatiles from cotton aphid ( Aphis gossypii) infested plants attract the natural enemy Hippodamia variegata. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1326630. [PMID: 38173929 PMCID: PMC10761428 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1326630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
The Aphis gossypii is a major threat of cotton worldwide due to its short life cycle and rapid reproduction. Chemical control is the primary method used to manage the cotton aphid, which has significant environmental impacts. Therefore, prioritizing eco-friendly alternatives is essential for managing the cotton aphid. The ladybird, Hippodamia variegata, is a predominant predator of the cotton aphid. Its performance in cotton plantation is directly linked to chemical communication, where volatile compounds emitted from aphid-infested plants play important roles in successful predation. Here, we comprehensively studied the chemical interaction between the pest, natural enemy and host plants by analyzing the volatile profiles of aphid-infested cotton plants using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). We then utilized the identified volatile compounds in electrophysiological recording (EAG) and behavioral assays. Through behavioral tests, we initially demonstrated the clear preference of both larvae and adults of H. variegata for aphid-infested plants. Subsequently, 13 compounds, namely α-pinene, cis-3-hexenyl acetate, 4-ethyl-1-octyn-3-ol, β-ocimene, dodecane, E-β-farnesene, decanal, methyl salicylate, β-caryophyllene, α-humulene, farnesol, DMNT, and TMTT were identified from aphid-infested plants. All these compounds were electrophysiologically active and induced detectable EAG responses in larvae and adults. Y-tube olfactometer assays indicated that, with few exceptions for larvae, all identified chemicals were attractive to H. variegata, particularly at the highest tested concentration (100 mg/ml). The outcomes of this study establish a practical foundation for developing attractants for H. variegata and open avenues for potential advancements in aphid management strategies by understanding the details of chemical communication at a tritrophic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoqun Yi
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dong Teng
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiaoxin Xie
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, China
| | - Haoyu Tang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Danyang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Resources and Environment, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
| | - Xiaoxu Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tinghui Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Wei Ding
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Adel Khashaveh
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yongjun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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Quijano-Medina T, Interian-Aguiñaga J, Solís-Rodríguez U, Mamin M, Clancy M, Ye W, Bustos-Segura C, Francisco M, Ramos-Zapata JA, Turlings TCJ, Moreira X, Abdala-Roberts L. Aphid and caterpillar feeding drive similar patterns of induced defences and resistance to subsequent herbivory in wild cotton. PLANTA 2023; 258:113. [PMID: 37938392 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04266-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION Our results indicate caterpillars and aphids cause similar levels of induced defences and resistance against caterpillars in wild cotton plants. These symmetrical effects are not consistent with patterns predicted by plant defensive signaling crosstalk and call for further work addressing the biochemical mechanisms underpinning these results. Plant-induced responses to attack often mediate interactions between different species of insect herbivores. These effects are predicted to be contingent on the herbivore's feeding guild, whereby prior feeding by insects should negatively impact subsequent feeding by insects of the same guild (induced resistance) but may positively influence insects of a different guild (induced susceptibility) due to interfering crosstalk between plant biochemical pathways specific to each feeding guild. We compared the effects of prior feeding by leaf-chewing caterpillars (Spodoptera frugiperda) vs. sap-sucking aphids (Aphis gossypii) on induced defences in wild cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) and the consequences of these attacks on subsequently feeding caterpillars (S. frugiperda). To this end, we conducted a greenhouse experiment where cotton plants were either left undamaged or first exposed to caterpillar or aphid feeding, and we subsequently placed caterpillars on the plants to assess their performance. We also collected leaves to assess the induction of chemical defences in response to herbivory. We found that prior feeding by both aphids and caterpillars resulted in reductions in consumed leaf area, caterpillar mass gain, and caterpillar survival compared with control plants. Concomitantly, prior aphid and caterpillar herbivory caused similar increases in phenolic compounds (flavonoids and hydroxycinnamic acids) and defensive terpenoids (hemigossypolone) compared with control plants. Overall, these findings indicate that these insects confer a similar mode and level of induced resistance in wild cotton plants, calling for further work addressing the biochemical mechanisms underpinning these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Quijano-Medina
- Departamento de Ecología Tropical, Campus de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Apartado Postal 4-116 Itzimná, Mérida, 97000, Yucatán, México
| | - Jonathan Interian-Aguiñaga
- Departamento de Ecología Tropical, Campus de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Apartado Postal 4-116 Itzimná, Mérida, 97000, Yucatán, México
| | - Uriel Solís-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Ecología Tropical, Campus de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Apartado Postal 4-116 Itzimná, Mérida, 97000, Yucatán, México
| | - Marine Mamin
- Fundamental and Applied Research in Chemical Ecology (FARCE Lab), Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Rue Emile-Argand 11, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Mary Clancy
- Fundamental and Applied Research in Chemical Ecology (FARCE Lab), Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Rue Emile-Argand 11, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Wenfeng Ye
- Fundamental and Applied Research in Chemical Ecology (FARCE Lab), Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Rue Emile-Argand 11, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Carlos Bustos-Segura
- Fundamental and Applied Research in Chemical Ecology (FARCE Lab), Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Rue Emile-Argand 11, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Marta Francisco
- Misión Biológica de Galicia (MBG-CSIC), Apdo 28, 36080, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - José A Ramos-Zapata
- Departamento de Ecología Tropical, Campus de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Apartado Postal 4-116 Itzimná, Mérida, 97000, Yucatán, México
| | - Ted C J Turlings
- Fundamental and Applied Research in Chemical Ecology (FARCE Lab), Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Rue Emile-Argand 11, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Xoaquín Moreira
- Misión Biológica de Galicia (MBG-CSIC), Apdo 28, 36080, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Luis Abdala-Roberts
- Departamento de Ecología Tropical, Campus de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Apartado Postal 4-116 Itzimná, Mérida, 97000, Yucatán, México.
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6
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Milonas PG, Anastasaki E, Psoma A, Partsinevelos G, Fragkopoulos GN, Kektsidou O, Vassilakos N, Kapranas A. Plant viruses induce plant volatiles that are detected by aphid parasitoids. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8721. [PMID: 37253808 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35946-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Aphis gossypii (Sternorrhyncha: Aphididae) aphids are vectors of important plant viruses among which cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) and potato virus Y (PVY). Virus-infected plants attract aphid vectors and affect their behavior and growth performance either positively or negatively depending on mode of transmission. Viruses cause changes in the composition and the amount of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) released by the plant that attract aphids. The aphid parasitoid Aphidius colemani (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) has been shown to have higher parasitism and survival rates on aphids fed on virus-infected than aphids fed on non-infected plants. We hypothesized that parasitoids distinguish virus-infected plants and are attracted to them regardless of the presence of their aphid hosts. Herein, we examined the attraction of the A. colemani parasitoid to infected pepper plants with each of CMV or PVY without the presence of aphids. The dynamic headspace technique was used to collect VOCs from non-infected and CMV or PVY-infected pepper plants. Identification was performed with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The response of the parasitoids on virus-infected vs non-infected pepper plants was tested by Y-tube olfactometer assays. The results revealed that parasitoids displayed a preference to CMV and PVY infected plants compared to those that were not infected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis G Milonas
- Scientific Directorate of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, 8 Stefanou Delta Street, 14561, Kifissia, Greece.
| | - Eirini Anastasaki
- Scientific Directorate of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, 8 Stefanou Delta Street, 14561, Kifissia, Greece
| | - Aikaterini Psoma
- Scientific Directorate of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, 8 Stefanou Delta Street, 14561, Kifissia, Greece
| | - Georgios Partsinevelos
- Scientific Directorate of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, 8 Stefanou Delta Street, 14561, Kifissia, Greece
| | - Georgios N Fragkopoulos
- Scientific Directorate of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, 8 Stefanou Delta Street, 14561, Kifissia, Greece
| | - Oxana Kektsidou
- Scientific Directorate of Phytopahtology, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, 8 Stefanou Delta Street, 14561, Kifissia, Greece
| | - Nikon Vassilakos
- Scientific Directorate of Phytopahtology, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, 8 Stefanou Delta Street, 14561, Kifissia, Greece
| | - Apostolos Kapranas
- Laboratory of Applied Zoology and Parasitology, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24, Thessaloníki, Greece
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Genome wide identification and evolutionary analysis of vat like NBS-LRR genes potentially associated with resistance to aphids in cotton. Genetica 2023; 151:119-131. [PMID: 36717534 DOI: 10.1007/s10709-023-00181-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Nucleotide Binding Site - Leucine Rich Repeat (NBS-LRR) genes play a significant role in plant defense against biotic stresses and are an integral part of signal transduction pathways. Vat gene has been well reported for their role in resistance to Aphis gossypii and viruses transmitted by them. Despite their importance, Vat like NBS-LRR resistance genes have not yet been identified and studied in cotton species. This study report hundreds of orthologous Vat like NBS-LRR genes from the genomes of 18 cotton species through homology searches and the distribution of those identified genes were tend to be clustered on different chromosome. Especially, in a majority of the cases, Vat like genes were located on chromosome number 13 and they all shared two conserved NBS-LRR domains, one disease resistant domain and several repeats of LRR on the investigated cotton Vat like proteins. Gene ontology study on Vat like NBS-LRR genes revealed the molecular functions viz., ADP and protein binding. Phylogenetic analysis also revealed that Vat like sequences of two diploid species, viz., G. arboreum and G. anomalum, were closely related to the sequences of the tetraploids than all other diploids. The Vat like genes of G. aridum and G. schwendimanii were distantly related among diploids and tetraploids species. Various hormones and defense related cis-acting regulatory elements were identified from the 2 kb upstream sequences of the Vat like genes implying their defensive response towards the biotic stresses. Interestingly, G. arboreum and G. trilobum were found to have more regulatory elements than larger genomes of tetraploid cotton species. Thus, the present study provides the evidence for the evolution of Vat like genes in defense mechanisms against aphids infestation in cotton genomes and allows further characterization of candidate genes for developing aphid and aphid transmitted viruses resistant crops through cotton breeding.
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Tang H, Xie J, Liu J, Khashaveh A, Liu X, Yi C, Zhao D, He L, Sun Y, Zhang Y. Odorant-Binding Protein HvarOBP5 in Ladybird Hippodamia variegata Regulates the Perception of Semiochemicals from Preys and Habitat Plants. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:1067-1076. [PMID: 36598383 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c07355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
A total of 12 OBPs were identified in the antennae of ladybird Hippodamia variegata. HvarOBP1/2/5/6/10/11 were highly expressed in adults, whereas HvarOBP3/4/7/8/9/12 had higher expression levels in larvae. In adults, HvarOBP1/2/4/5/6/7/8/11/12 were highly expressed in antennae. Among these, recombinant HvarOBP5 strong bound with (E)-β-farnesene (EβF), (R)-(+)-limonene, (E,E)-4,8,12-trimethyltrideca-l,3,7,11-tetraene (TMTT), (E)-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene (DMNT), hexyl hexanoate, and geranyl acetate. Molecular docking indicated that Leu42, Lys43, and His64 were the key binding sites of HvarOBP5. All six ligands evoked electroantennography (EAG) responses in ladybirds. Moreover, (R)-(+)-limonene and hexyl hexanoate were attractive to both sexes. After RNA interference for 72 h, the EAGs of dsRNA-injected ladybirds to DMNT and hexyl hexanoate were significantly decreased by 73.8 and 78.6%, respectively. Both dsRNA-injected males and females showed significantly lower behavioral preferences for DMNT and hexyl hexanoate. These findings suggest that HvarOBP5 in H. variegata plays an important role in the perception of semiochemical cues from preys and habitat plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyu Tang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, P. R. China
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, P. R. China
| | - Jiaoxin Xie
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultral University, Jinzhong 030801, P. R. China
| | - Jingtao Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Adel Khashaveh
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxu Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 017000, P. R. China
| | - Chaoqun Yi
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 017000, P. R. China
| | - Danyang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Lin He
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, P. R. China
| | - Yang Sun
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, P. R. China
| | - Yongjun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
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Kang L, Kaur J, Winkeler K, Kubiak D, Hill JE. How the volatile organic compounds emitted by corpse plant change through flowering. Sci Rep 2023; 13:372. [PMID: 36611048 PMCID: PMC9825558 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-27108-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The corpse plant (Amorphophallus titanum) is so named because it produces a pungent, foul odor when flowering. Little is known about how the emitted volatiles change throughout the two-day flowering period. In this study, the comprehensive monitoring of the presence and change in volatile molecules during the female and the male flowering phases of A. titanum was conducted, and the plant temperature was monitored. A total of 422 volatile features were detected over the entire sampling period, of which 118 features were statistically significantly different between the pre-flowering and both flowering phases, and an additional 304 features were found present throughout the flowering period. A total of 45 molecules could be assigned putative names. The volatile profile of A. titanum changes over the two-day flowering period, with the S-containing molecules and aldehydes dominant in the female flowering phase, and the alcohols and hydrocarbons dominant in the male flowering phase. The two-dimensional gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC × GC-TOFMS) enabled us to identify 32 new molecules produced by A. titanum. Each of these molecules alone, and in combination, likely contribute to the different odors emitted during the flowering phase of A. titanum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Kang
- grid.254880.30000 0001 2179 2404Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755 USA
| | - Jasmeen Kaur
- grid.17091.3e0000 0001 2288 9830Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, 2360 E Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3 Canada
| | - Kelsey Winkeler
- grid.254880.30000 0001 2179 2404Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755 USA
| | - Daniella Kubiak
- grid.254880.30000 0001 2179 2404Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755 USA
| | - Jane E. Hill
- grid.254880.30000 0001 2179 2404Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755 USA ,grid.17091.3e0000 0001 2288 9830Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, 2360 E Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3 Canada
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Frontini A, De Bellis L, Luvisi A, Blando F, Allah SM, Dimita R, Mininni C, Accogli R, Negro C. The Green Leaf Volatile (Z)-3-Hexenyl Acetate Is Differently Emitted by Two Varieties of Tulbaghia violacea Plants Routinely and after Wounding. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:3305. [PMID: 36501344 PMCID: PMC9739665 DOI: 10.3390/plants11233305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
While studying aromas produced by the edible flowers of Tulbaghia violacea, we noticed a different production of (Z)-3-Hexenyl acetate (a green-leaf volatile, GLV) by purple (var. ‘Violacea’) and white (var. ‘Alba’) flowers. The white Tulbaghia flowers constantly emits (Z)-3-Hexenyl acetate, which is instead produced in a lower amount by the purple-flowered variety. Thus, we moved to analyze the production of (Z)-3-Hexenyl acetate by whole plants of the two varieties by keeping them confined under a glass bell for 5 h together with a SPME (Solid Phase Micro Extraction) fiber. Results show that six main volatile compounds are emitted by T. violacea plants: (Z)-3-Hexenyl acetate, benzyl alcohol, nonanal, decanal, (Z)-3-Hexenyl-α-methylbutyrate, and one unknown compound. By cutting at half-height of the leaves, the (Z)-3-Hexenyl acetate is emitted in high quantities from both varieties, while the production of (Z)-3-Hexenyl-α-methylbutyrate increases. (Z)-3-Hexenyl acetate is a GLV capable of stimulating plant defenses, attracting herbivores and their natural enemies, and it is also involved in plant-to-plant communication and defense priming. Thus, T. violacea could represent a useful model for the study of GLVs production and a ‘signal’ plant capable of stimulating natural defenses in the neighboring plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Frontini
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), Salento University, Via Prov.le Lecce-Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Luigi De Bellis
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), Salento University, Via Prov.le Lecce-Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Andrea Luvisi
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), Salento University, Via Prov.le Lecce-Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Federica Blando
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production (ISPA), National Research Council (CNR), Research Unit of Lecce, Via Prov.le Lecce-Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Samar Min Allah
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), Salento University, Via Prov.le Lecce-Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Rosanna Dimita
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), Salento University, Via Prov.le Lecce-Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Carlo Mininni
- Ortogourmet Società Agricola S.r.l., S.C. 14 Madonna delle Grazie, 74014 Laterza, Italy
| | - Rita Accogli
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), Salento University, Via Prov.le Lecce-Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Carmine Negro
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), Salento University, Via Prov.le Lecce-Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
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Ali J, Sobhy IS, Bruce TJA. Wild potato ancestors as potential sources of resistance to the aphid Myzus persicae. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2022; 78:3931-3938. [PMID: 35485863 PMCID: PMC9543925 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plant resistance to insects can be reduced by crop domestication which means their wild ancestors could provide novel sources of resistance. Thus, crossing wild ancestors with domesticated crops can potentially enhance their resistance against insects. However, a prerequisite for this is identification of sources of resistance. Here, we investigated the response of three wild potato (Solanum stoloniferum Schltdl.) accessions and cultivated potato (Solanum tuberosum) to aphid (Myzus persicae Sulzer) herbivory. RESULTS Results revealed that there was a significant reduction in aphid survival and reproduction on wild potato accessions (CGN18333, CGN22718, CGN23072) compared to cultivated (Desiree) potato plants. A similar trend was observed in olfactometer bioassay; the wild accessions had a repellent effect on adult aphids. In contrast, among the tested wild potato accessions, the parasitoid Diaeretiella rapae (M'Intosh) was significantly attracted to volatiles from CGN18333. Volatile analysis showed that wild accessions emitted significantly more volatiles compared to cultivated potato. Principal component analysis (PCA) of volatile data revealed that the volatile profiles of wild and cultivated potato are dissimilar. β-Bisabolene, (E)-β-farnesene, trans-α-bergamotene, d-limonene, (E,E)-4,8,12-trimethyl-1,3,7,11-tridecatetraene (TMTT), and p-cymen-7-ol were the main volatiles contributing to the emitted blends, suggesting possible involvement in the behavioural response of both M. persicae and D. rapae. CONCLUSION Our findings show that the tested wild accessions have the potential to be used to breed aphid-resistant potatoes. This opens new opportunities to reduce the aphid damage and to enhance the recruitment of natural enemies. © 2022 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamin Ali
- School of Life SciencesKeele UniversityKeeleUK
| | - Islam S Sobhy
- School of Life SciencesKeele UniversityKeeleUK
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of AgricultureSuez Canal UniversityIsmailiaEgypt
- Present address:
School of BiosciencesCardiff UniversityCardiffCF10 3AXUK
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12
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Xie J, Liu T, Yi C, Liu X, Tang H, Sun Y, Shi W, Khashaveh A, Zhang Y. Antenna-Biased Odorant Receptor HvarOR25 in Hippodamia variegata Tuned to Allelochemicals from Hosts and Habitat Involved in Perceiving Preys. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:1090-1100. [PMID: 35072468 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c05593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Odorant receptors (ORs) of ladybird Hippodamia variegata play vital chemosensory roles in searching and locating preys. In the current study, 37 ORs were initially identified from the antennal transcriptome of H. variegata. The quantitative polymerase chain reaction demonstrated that several HvarORs including HvarOR25 were specific or enriched in ladybird antennae. In two-electrode voltage clamp recordings, recombinant HvarOR25 was narrowly tuned to six chemical ligands including aphid-induced, aphid-derived, and plant-derived volatiles. In electroantennogram assays, all six volatiles elicited electrophysiological responses. Among the six volatiles, cis-3-hexenyl acetate, hexyl butyrate, hexyl hexanoate, and 3-methyl-3-buten-1-ol were attractive for both sexes of H. variegata. Additionally, molecular docking indicated that HvarOR25 was bound to all ligands with high binding affinities. Taken together, HvarOR25 facilitates perception of preys by recognizing relevant allelochemicals from hosts and habitat. Our findings provide valuable insights into understanding biological functions of HvarORs and help to develop a novel biocontrol strategy based on olfactory-active compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaoxin Xie
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Tinghui Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Chaoqun Yi
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Xiaoxu Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Haoyu Tang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Enzymology and Mechanism of Major Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Yang Sun
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Enzymology and Mechanism of Major Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Wangpeng Shi
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Adel Khashaveh
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yongjun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
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13
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Yang JN, Wei JN, Kang L. Feeding of pea leafminer larvae simultaneously activates jasmonic and salicylic acid pathways in plants to release a terpenoid for indirect defense. INSECT SCIENCE 2021; 28:811-824. [PMID: 32432392 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The pea leafminer, Liriomyza huidobrensis, is an important pest species affecting ornamental crops worldwide. Plant damage consists of oviposition and feeding punctures created by female adult flies as well as larva-bored mines in leaf mesophyll tissues. How plants indirectly defend themselves from these two types of leafminer damage has not been sufficiently investigated. In this study, we compared the indirect defense responses of bean plants infested by either female adults or larvae. Puncturing of leaves by adults released green leaf volatiles and terpenoids, while larval feeding caused plants to additionally emit methyl salicylate and (E,E)-4,8,12-trimethyl-1,3,7,11-tridecatetraene (TMTT). Puncturing of plants by female adults induced increases in jasmonic acid (JA) and JA-related gene expressions but reduced the expressions of salicylic acid (SA)-related genes. In contrast, JA and SA and their-related gene expression levels were increased significantly by larval feeding. The exogenous application of JA+SA significantly triggered TMTT emission, thereby significantly inducing the orientation behavior of parasitoids. Our study has confirmed that larval feeding can trigger TMTT emission through the activation of both JA and SA pathways to attract parasitoids; however, TMTT alone is less attractive than the complete blend of volatiles released by infested plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Nan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jia-Ning Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Le Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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14
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Naranjo SE, Hagler JR, Byers JA. Methyl Salicylate Fails to Enhance Arthropod Predator Abundance or Predator to Pest Ratios in Cotton. ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2021; 50:293-305. [PMID: 33399185 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvaa175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Conservation biological control is a fundamental tactic in integrated pest management (IPM). Greater biological control services can be achieved by enhancing agroecosystems to be more favorable to the presence, survival, and growth of natural enemy populations. One approach that has been tested in numerous agricultural systems is the deployment of synthetic chemicals that mimic those produced by the plant when under attack by pests. These signals may attract arthropod natural enemies to crop habitats and thus potentially improve biological control activity locally. A 2-yr field study was conducted in the cotton agroecosystem to evaluate the potential of synthetic methyl salicylate (MeSA) to attract native arthropod natural enemies and to enhance biological control services on two key pests. Slow-release packets of MeSA were deployed in replicated cotton plots season long. The abundance of multiple taxa of natural enemies and two major pests were monitored weekly by several sampling methods. The deployment of MeSA failed to increase natural enemy abundance and pest densities did not decline. Predator to prey ratios, used as a proxy to estimate biological control function, also largely failed to increase with MeSA deployment. One exception was a season-long increase in the ratio of Orius tristicolor (White) (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) to Bemisia argentifolii Bellows and Perring (= Bemisia tabaci MEAM1) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) adults within the context of biological control informed action thresholds. Overall results suggest that MeSA would not likely enhance conservation biological control by the natural enemy community typical of U.S. western cotton production systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - James R Hagler
- USDA-ARS, Arid-Land Agricultural Research Center, Maricopa, AZ
| | - John A Byers
- USDA-ARS, Arid-Land Agricultural Research Center, Maricopa, AZ
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15
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Giuliani C, Bottoni M, Ascrizzi R, Santagostini L, Papini A, Flamini G, Fico G. A novel study approach on Scutellaria altissima L. cultivated at the Ghirardi Botanic Garden (Lombardy, Italy). PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2020; 22:1013-1021. [PMID: 32772473 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Within an Open Science project, research was carried out to describe to the public of the Ghirardi Botanic Garden (BS, Lombardy, Italy) the invisible features of plants. This work is dedicated to Scutellaria altissima L. (Lamiaceae). Micromorphological, histochemical and phytochemical investigations were conducted on the vegetative and reproductive organs to correlate the structures involved in the emission of substances and their unique productivity. This work reports volatile organic compound (VOC) profiles of leaves and flowers and the composition of essential oil (EO) obtained from aerial parts of plants cultivated in Italy that have never been described before. Three morphotypes of glandular trichomes were observed: peltate, short-stalked capitate and long-stalked capitate. Peltate trichomes were the main producers of terpenes, short-stalked capitates of polysaccharides and long-stalked capitates of terpenes and polyphenols. The leaf VOC profile showed heterogeneous composition, with non-terpene derivatives as the major chemical class (71.04%), while monoterpene hydrocarbons represented almost the totality of the flower (99.73%). The leaf presented a higher number of total (37 versus 11) and exclusive (33 versus 7) compounds. (Z)-3-Hexenol acetate was most abundant in the leaf and (E)-β-ocimene in the flower. Four common compounds were detected: β-pinene, β-caryophyllene, γ-muurolene and germacrene-D. The EO contaied 21 compounds, dominated by β-caryophyllene, linalool and hexahydrofarnesyl acetone. This research allowed us to correlate morphotypes of the secretory structures with the production of secondary metabolites, with the aim of providing the public of the Ghirardi Botanic Garden with a dedicated iconographic approach, which accounts for olfactory perception linked to S. altissima.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Giuliani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghirardi Botanic Garden, University of Milan, Brescia, Italy
| | - M Bottoni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghirardi Botanic Garden, University of Milan, Brescia, Italy
| | - R Ascrizzi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - L Santagostini
- Department of Chemistry, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - A Papini
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - G Flamini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - G Fico
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghirardi Botanic Garden, University of Milan, Brescia, Italy
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16
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Zhang L, Lu G, Huang X, Guo H, Su X, Han L, Zhang Y, Qi Z, Xiao Y, Cheng H. Overexpression of the caryophyllene synthase gene GhTPS1 in cotton negatively affects multiple pests while attracting parasitoids. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2020; 76:1722-1730. [PMID: 31762173 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUD Volatile terpenes can act as ecological signals to affect insect behavior. It has been proposed that the manipulation of terpenes in plants can help to control herbivore pests. In order to investigate the potential pest management function of (E)-β-caryophyllene in cotton plants, the (E)-β-caryophyllene synthase gene (GhTPS1) was inserted into Gossypium hirsutum variety R15 to generate overexpression lines. RESULTS Four GhTPS1-transgenic lines were generated, and GhTPS1 expression in transgenic L18 and L46 lines was 3-5-fold higher than in R15 plants. The transgenic L18 and L46 lines also emitted significantly more (E)-β-caryophyllene than R15. In laboratory bioassays, L18 and L46 plants reduced pests Apolygus lucorum, Aphis gossypii and Helicoverpa armigera, and attracted parasitoids Peristenus spretus and Aphidius gifuensis, but not Microplitis mediator. In open-field trials, L18 and L46 plants reduced A. lucorum, Adelphocoris suturalis and H. armigera, but had no significant effects on predators. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that L18 and L46 plants reduce several major hemipteran and lepidopteran cotton pests, whereas, two parasitoids P. spretus and A. gifuensis, were attracted by L18 and L46 plants. This study shows that overexpressing GhTPS1 in cotton may help to improve pest management in cotton fields. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Zhang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Guoqing Lu
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xinzheng Huang
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Huiming Guo
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaofeng Su
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lida Han
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yongjun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi Qi
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yutao Xiao
- Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hongmei Cheng
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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Sobhy IS, Caulfield JC, Pickett JA, Birkett MA. Sensing the Danger Signals: cis-Jasmone Reduces Aphid Performance on Potato and Modulates the Magnitude of Released Volatiles. Front Ecol Evol 2020. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2019.00499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
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Volatiles from Aquilaria sinensis damaged by Heortia vitessoides larvae deter the conspecific gravid adults and attract its predator Cantheconidea concinna. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15067. [PMID: 30305665 PMCID: PMC6180080 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33404-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of induced plant responses on herbivores are categorised as direct, by reducing herbivore development, or indirect, by affecting the performance of natural enemies. Here, we investigated a tritrophic system, which included the herbivore Heortia vitessoides, its host plant Aquilaria sinensis, and its predator Cantheconidea concinna. Herbivore-damaged A. sinensis plants released significantly greater amounts of volatiles than undamaged and mechanically damaged plants, with an obvious temporal trend. One day after initial herbivore damage, A. sinensis plants released large amounts of volatile compounds. Volatile compounds release gradually decreased over the next 3 d. The composition and relative concentrations of the electroantennographic detection (EAD)-active compounds, emitted after herbivore damage, varied significantly over the 4-d measurement period. In wind tunnel bioassays, mated H. vitessoides females showed a preference for undamaged plants over herbivore and mechanically damaged A. sinensis plants. In Y-tube bioassays, C. concinna preferred odours from herbivore-damaged plants to those from undamaged plants, especially after the early stages of insect attack. Our results indicate that the herbivore-induced compounds produced in response to attack by H. vitessoides larvae on A. sinensis plants could be used by both the herbivores themselves and their natural enemies to locate suitable host plants and prey, respectively.
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Fancelli M, Borges M, Laumann RA, Pickett JA, Birkett MA, Blassioli-Moraes MC. Attractiveness of Host Plant Volatile Extracts to the Asian Citrus Psyllid, Diaphorina citri, is Reduced by Terpenoids from the Non-Host Cashew. J Chem Ecol 2018; 44:397-405. [PMID: 29500752 PMCID: PMC5899996 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-018-0937-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Diaphorina citri is a vector of the bacterial causative agent of Huanglongbing (HLB = Citrus greening), a severe disease affecting citrus crops. As there is no known control for HLB, manipulating insect behaviour through deployment of semiochemicals offers a promising opportunity for protecting citrus crops. The behavioural responses of D. citri to plant volatiles, and the identity of these plant volatiles were investigated. Volatiles were collected from host plants Murraya paniculata, Citrus sinensis, C. reshni, C. limettioides, Poncirus trifoliata, and from non-host plants Psidium guajava, Mangifera indica, Anacardium occidentale. In behavioural assays, female D. citri spent more time in the arms containing volatiles from either M. paniculata or C. sinensis compared to the control arms. When D. citri was exposed to volatiles collected from A. occidentale, they preferred the control arm. Volatiles emitted from the other studied plants did not influence the foraging behaviour of D. citri. Chemical analyses of volatile extracts from C. sinensis, M. paniculata, and A. occidentale revealed the presence of the terpenoids (E)-4,8-dimethylnona-1,3,7–triene (DMNT) and (E,E)-4,8,12-trimethyltrideca-1,3,7,11-tetraene (TMTT) in higher amounts in A. occidentale. In further behavioural bioassays, female D. citri spent less time in arms containing a synthetic blend of DMNT and TMTT compared to the control arms. Female D. citri also spent less time in arms containing the synthetic blend in combination with volatile extracts from either M. paniculata or C. sinensis compared to the control arms. Results suggest that higher release of the two terpenoids by A. occidentale make this species unattractive to D. citri, and that the terpenoids could be used in reducing colonisation of citrus plants and therefore HLB infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilene Fancelli
- Embrapa Cassava and Fruits, PO Box 007, Cruz das Almas, 44380-000, Brazil.
| | - Miguel Borges
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brasília, 70770-917, Brazil
| | - Raul A Laumann
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brasília, 70770-917, Brazil
| | - John A Pickett
- Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, AL5 2JQ, UK
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Huang XZ, Xiao YT, Köllner TG, Jing WX, Kou JF, Chen JY, Liu DF, Gu SH, Wu JX, Zhang YJ, Guo YY. The terpene synthase gene family in Gossypium hirsutum harbors a linalool synthase GhTPS12 implicated in direct defence responses against herbivores. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2018; 41:261-274. [PMID: 29044662 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/30/2017] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Herbivore-induced terpenes have been reported to function as ecological signals in plant-insect interactions. Here, we showed that insect-induced cotton volatile blends contained 16 terpenoid compounds with a relatively high level of linalool. The high diversity of terpene production is derived from a large terpene synthase (TPS) gene family. The TPS gene family of Gossypium hirsutum and Gossypium raimondii consist of 46 and 41 members, respectively. Twelve TPS genes (GhTPS4-15) could be isolated, and protein expression in Escherichia coli revealed catalytic activity for eight GhTPS. The upregulation of the majority of these eight genes additionally supports the function of these genes in herbivore-induced volatile biosynthesis. Furthermore, transgenic Nicotiana tabacum plants overexpressing GhTPS12 were generated, which produced relatively large amounts of (3S)-linalool. In choice tests, female adults of Helicoverpa armigera laid fewer eggs on transgenic plants compared with non-transformed controls. Meanwhile, Myzus persicae preferred feeding on wild-type leaves over leaves of transgenic plants. Our findings demonstrate that transcript accumulation of multiple TPS genes is mainly responsible for the production and diversity of herbivore-induced volatile terpenes in cotton. Also, these genes might play roles in plant defence, in particular, direct defence responses against herbivores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Zheng Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yu-Tao Xiao
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
- Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | | | - Wei-Xia Jing
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jun-Feng Kou
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jie-Yin Chen
- Institute of Agro-food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Dan-Feng Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Shao-Hua Gu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jun-Xiang Wu
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yong-Jun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yu-Yuan Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
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21
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From laboratory to field: electro-antennographic and behavioral responsiveness of two insect predators to methyl salicylate. CHEMOECOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00049-017-0230-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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22
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Li WZ, Teng XH, Zhang HF, Liu T, Wang Q, Yuan G, Guo XR. Comparative host selection responses of specialist (Helicoverpa assulta) and generalist (Helicoverpa armigera) moths in complex plant environments. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0171948. [PMID: 28182679 PMCID: PMC5300263 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We tested the behavioral responses of ovipositing females and natal larvae of two sibling species, a generalist Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) and a specialist Helicoverpa assulta (Guenée), to odor sources emitted from different combinations of six plant species (tobacco, Nicotiana tabacum; hot pepper, Capsicum annuum; tomato, Solanum esculentum; cotton, Gossypium hirsutum; peanut, Arachis hypogaea; maize, Zea mays). Under the conditions of plant materials versus corresponding controls, both stages of both species could find their corresponding host plants. However, H. assulta females and larvae exhibited a supersensitive and an insensitive response, respectively. Under the conditions of tobacco paired with each plant species, H. assulta females exhibited more specialized ovipositional response to tobacco than its sibling. When each plant species were combined with tobacco and tested against tobacco reference, peanut played an opposite role in the two species in their ovipositional responses to tobacco, and cotton can enhance the approaching response of H. armigera larvae when combined with tobacco. It seems that two attractive host plants also can act antagonistically with respect to host selection of the generalist via volatile exchange. Tomato should better be excluded from host list of H. assulta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-zheng Li
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Xiao-hui Teng
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Hong-fei Zhang
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Ting Liu
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Qiong Wang
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Guohui Yuan
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
- * E-mail: (GY); (XG)
| | - Xian-ru Guo
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
- * E-mail: (GY); (XG)
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23
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Sobhy IS, Woodcock CM, Powers SJ, Caulfield JC, Pickett JA, Birkett MA. cis-Jasmone Elicits Aphid-Induced Stress Signalling in Potatoes. J Chem Ecol 2017; 43:39-52. [PMID: 28130741 PMCID: PMC5331074 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-016-0805-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2016] [Revised: 10/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Elicitation of plant defense signaling that results in altered emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) offers opportunities for protecting plants against arthropod pests. In this study, we treated potato, Solanum tuberosum L., with the plant defense elicitor cis-jasmone (CJ), which induces the emission of defense VOCs and thus affects the behavior of herbivores. Using chemical analysis, electrophysiological and behavioral assays with the potato-feeding aphid Macrosiphum euphorbiae, we showed that CJ treatment substantially increased the emission of defense VOCs from potatoes compared to no treatment. Coupled GC-electroantennogram (GC-EAG) recordings from the antennae of M. euphorbiae showed robust responses to 14 compounds present in induced VOCs, suggesting their behavioral role in potato/aphid interactions. Plants treated with CJ and then challenged with M. euphorbiae were most repellent to alate M. euphorbiae. Principal component analysis (PCA) of VOC collections suggested that (E)-2-hexenal, (E,E)-4,8,12-trimethyl-1,3,7,11-tridecatetraene (TMTT), (E)-β-farnesene, (E)-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene (DMNT), methyl salicylate (MeSA), CJ, and methyl benzoate (MeBA) were the main VOCs contributing to aphid behavioral responses, and that production of TMTT, (E)-β-farnesene, CJ, and DMNT correlated most strongly with aphid repellency. Our findings confirm that CJ can enhance potato defense against aphids by inducing production of VOCs involved in aphid-induced signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Islam S Sobhy
- Rothamsted Research, West Common, Harpenden, AL5 2JQ, Hertfordshire, UK.,Department of Plant Protection, Public Service Center of Biological Control (PSCBC), Faculty of Agriculture, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt.,Department of Microbial & Molecular Systems, KU Leuven, Campus De Nayer, B-2860 Sint-Katelijne-Waver, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Stephen J Powers
- Rothamsted Research, West Common, Harpenden, AL5 2JQ, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - John C Caulfield
- Rothamsted Research, West Common, Harpenden, AL5 2JQ, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - John A Pickett
- Rothamsted Research, West Common, Harpenden, AL5 2JQ, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Michael A Birkett
- Rothamsted Research, West Common, Harpenden, AL5 2JQ, Hertfordshire, UK.
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24
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Magalhães DM, Borges M, Laumann RA, Woodcock CM, Pickett JA, Birkett MA, Blassioli-Moraes MC. Influence of Two Acyclic Homoterpenes (Tetranorterpenes) on the Foraging Behavior of Anthonomus grandis Boh. J Chem Ecol 2016; 42:305-13. [PMID: 27105878 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-016-0691-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Revised: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that the boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis, is attracted to constitutive and conspecific herbivore-induced cotton volatiles, preferring the blend emitted by cotton at the reproductive over the vegetative stage. Moreover, this preference was paralleled by the release of the acyclic homoterpenes (tetranorterpenes) (E)-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene (DMNT) and (E,E)-4,8,12-trimethyltrideca-1,3,7,11-tetraene (TMTT) in Delta Opal cotton being higher at the vegetative than at the reproductive stage. Here, we evaluated whether this difference in release of acyclic homoterpenes also occurred in other cotton varieties, and if boll weevils could recognize these compounds as indicators of a specific cotton phenological stage. Results showed that cotton genotypes CNPA TB-90, BRS-293 and Delta Opal all produced higher levels of DMNT and TMTT at the vegetative stage than at the reproductive stage and that these homoterpenes allowed for principal component analysis separation of volatiles produced by the two phenological stages. Electroantennograms confirmed boll weevil antennal responses to DMNT and TMTT. Behavioral assays, using Y-tube olfactometers, showed that adding synthetic homoterpenes to reproductive cotton volatiles (mimicking cotton at the vegetative stage in terms of homoterpene levels) resulted in reduced attraction to boll weevils compared to that to unmodified reproductive cotton. Weevils showed no preference when given a choice between plants at the vegetative stage and the vegetative stage-mimicked plant. Altogether, the results show that DMNT and TMTT are used by boll weevils to distinguish between cotton phenological stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Magalhães
- Laboratório de Semioquímicos, Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Brasília, DF, CEP 70770-900, Brazil.,Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, CEP 70910-900, Brazil
| | - M Borges
- Laboratório de Semioquímicos, Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Brasília, DF, CEP 70770-900, Brazil
| | - R A Laumann
- Laboratório de Semioquímicos, Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Brasília, DF, CEP 70770-900, Brazil
| | - C M Woodcock
- Biological Chemistry and Crop Protection Department, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - J A Pickett
- Biological Chemistry and Crop Protection Department, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - M A Birkett
- Biological Chemistry and Crop Protection Department, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, AL5 2JQ, UK
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25
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Abstract
With 6,000 species, Neuroptera (lacewings, antlions, dustywings, and allies) is a relatively small order; however, most larval neuropterans are predacious, often in agricultural systems, lending added importance to this group. Advances in neuropteran phylogeny, most recently through genomic studies, stabilized the nomenclature of this ancestral order of Holometabola, facilitating basic and applied research on these important and interesting insects. The first pheromones for green lacewings (Chrysopidae) have been identified; this, and other research on antlions (Myrmeleontidae), suggests that male-produced long-range pheromones are the norm for the order. Characterizations of the myriad neuropteran exocrine gland systems, including prothoracic, metathoracic, abdominal, dermal, and anal glands, are revealing unforeseen trophic relationships with biological control implications. For examples, males of Chrysopa and other lacewing genera evidently must sequester specific chemical precursors from prey or plants to produce their attractant pheromones, and larval antlion venoms are potentially important genetic leads for insecticidal peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey R Aldrich
- Jeffrey R. Aldrich Consulting LLC, Santa Cruz, California 95061;
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - Qing-He Zhang
- Sterling International, Inc., Spokane, Washington 99216;
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26
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Hatano E, Saveer AM, Borrero-Echeverry F, Strauch M, Zakir A, Bengtsson M, Ignell R, Anderson P, Becher PG, Witzgall P, Dekker T. A herbivore-induced plant volatile interferes with host plant and mate location in moths through suppression of olfactory signalling pathways. BMC Biol 2015; 13:75. [PMID: 26377197 PMCID: PMC4571119 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-015-0188-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Plants under herbivore attack release volatiles that attract natural enemies, and herbivores in turn avoid such plants. Whilst herbivore-induced plant volatile blends appeared to reduce the attractiveness of host plants to herbivores, the volatiles that are key in this process and particularly the way in which deterrence is coded in the olfactory system are largely unknown. Here we demonstrate that herbivore-induced cotton volatiles suppress orientation of the moth Spodoptera littoralis to host plants and mates. Results We found that (E)-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene (DMNT), an induced volatile, is key in herbivore deterrence: DMNT suppressed plant odour- and pheromone-induced behaviours. We then dissected the neurophysiological basis of this interaction. DMNT-responding glomeruli were also activated by other plant compounds, suggesting that S. littoralis possesses no segregated olfactory circuit dedicated exclusively to DMNT. Instead, DMNT suppressed responses to the main pheromone component, (Z)-9-(E)-11-tetradecenyl acetate, and primarily to (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate, a host plant attractant. Conclusion Our study shows that olfactory sensory inhibition, which has previously been reported without reference to an animal’s ecology, can be at the core of coding of ecologically relevant odours. As DMNT attracts natural enemies and deters herbivores, it may be useful in the development or enhancement of push-pull strategies for sustainable agriculture. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12915-015-0188-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Hatano
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 102, 23053, Alnarp, Sweden.
| | - Ahmed M Saveer
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 102, 23053, Alnarp, Sweden. .,Present address: Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA.
| | - Felipe Borrero-Echeverry
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 102, 23053, Alnarp, Sweden. .,Biological Control Laboratory, Colombian Corporation for Agricultural Research, Km 14 via Mosquera-Bogotá, Mosquera, Colombia.
| | - Martin Strauch
- Fachbereich Biologie, Universität Konstanz, 78457, Konstanz, Germany. .,Present address: Institute of Imaging & Computer Vision, RWTH Aachen University, Kopernikusstr. 16, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Ali Zakir
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 102, 23053, Alnarp, Sweden. .,Present address: Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Vehari, Pakistan.
| | - Marie Bengtsson
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 102, 23053, Alnarp, Sweden.
| | - Rickard Ignell
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 102, 23053, Alnarp, Sweden.
| | - Peter Anderson
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 102, 23053, Alnarp, Sweden.
| | - Paul G Becher
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 102, 23053, Alnarp, Sweden.
| | - Peter Witzgall
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 102, 23053, Alnarp, Sweden.
| | - Teun Dekker
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 102, 23053, Alnarp, Sweden.
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27
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Huang XZ, Chen JY, Xiao HJ, Xiao YT, Wu J, Wu JX, Zhou JJ, Zhang YJ, Guo YY. Dynamic transcriptome analysis and volatile profiling of Gossypium hirsutum in response to the cotton bollworm Helicoverpa armigera. Sci Rep 2015; 5:11867. [PMID: 26148847 PMCID: PMC4493570 DOI: 10.1038/srep11867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In response to insect herbivory, plants emit elevated levels of volatile organic compounds for direct and indirect resistance. However, little is known about the molecular and genomic basis of defense response that insect herbivory trigger in cotton plants and how defense mechanisms are orchestrated in the context of other biological processes. Here we monitored the transcriptome changes and volatile characteristics of cotton plants in response to cotton bollworm (CBW; Helicoverpa armigera) larvae infestation. Analysis of samples revealed that 1,969 transcripts were differentially expressed (log2|Ratio| ≥ 2; q ≤ 0.05) after CBW infestation. Cluster analysis identified several distinct temporal patterns of transcriptome changes. Among CBW-induced genes, those associated with indirect defense and jasmonic acid pathway were clearly over-represented, indicating that these genes play important roles in CBW-induced defenses. The gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analyses revealed that CBW infestation could induce cotton plants to release volatile compounds comprised lipoxygenase-derived green leaf volatiles and a number of terpenoid volatiles. Responding to CBW larvae infestation, cotton plants undergo drastic reprogramming of the transcriptome and the volatile profile. The present results increase our knowledge about insect herbivory-induced metabolic and biochemical processes in plants, which may help improve future studies on genes governing processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Zheng Huang
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jie-Yin Chen
- Institute of Agro-food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hai-Jun Xiao
- Institute of Entomology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Yu-Tao Xiao
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Juan Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jun-Xiang Wu
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Jing-Jiang Zhou
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Yong-Jun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yu-Yuan Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
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28
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Effects of aphid herbivory on volatile organic compounds of Artemisia annua and Chrysanthemum morifolium. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2015.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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29
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Molecular characterization of the Aphis gossypii olfactory receptor gene families. PLoS One 2014; 9:e101187. [PMID: 24971460 PMCID: PMC4074156 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0101187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover, is a polyphagous pest that inflicts great damage to cotton yields worldwide. Antennal olfaction, which is extremely important for insect survival, mediates key behaviors such as host preference, mate choice, and oviposition site selection. In insects, odor detection is mediated by odorant receptors (ORs) and ionotropic receptors (IRs), which ensure the specificity of the olfactory sensory neuron responses. In this study, our aim is to identify chemosensory receptors in the cotton aphid genome, as a means to uncover olfactory encoding of the polyphagous feeding habits as well as to aid the discovery of new targets for behavioral interference. We identified a total of 45 candidate ORs and 14 IRs in the cotton aphid genome. Among the candidate AgoORs, 9 are apparent pseudogenes, while 19 can be clustered with ORs from the pea aphid, forming 16 AgoOR/ApOR orthologous subgroups. Among the candidate IRs, we identified homologs of the two highly conserved co-receptors IR8a and IR25a; no AgoIR retain the complete glutamic acid binding domain, suggesting that putative AgoIRs bind different ligands. Our results provide the necessary information for functional characterization of the chemosensory receptors of A. gossypii, with potential for new or refined applications of semiochemicals-based control of this pest insect.
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30
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Ninkovic V, Dahlin I, Vucetic A, Petrovic-Obradovic O, Glinwood R, Webster B. Volatile exchange between undamaged plants - a new mechanism affecting insect orientation in intercropping. PLoS One 2013; 8:e69431. [PMID: 23922710 PMCID: PMC3726678 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0069431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in plant volatile emission can be induced by exposure to volatiles from neighbouring insect-attacked plants. However, plants are also exposed to volatiles from unattacked neighbours, and the consequences of this have not been explored. We investigated whether volatile exchange between undamaged plants affects volatile emission and plant-insect interaction. Consistently greater quantities of two terpenoids were found in the headspace of potato previously exposed to volatiles from undamaged onion plants identified by mass spectrometry. Using live plants and synthetic blends mimicking exposed and unexposed potato, we tested the olfactory response of winged aphids, Myzus persicae. The altered potato volatile profile deterred aphids in laboratory experiments. Further, we show that growing potato together with onion in the field reduces the abundance of winged, host-seeking aphids. Our study broadens the ecological significance of the phenomenon; volatiles carry not only information on whether or not neighbouring plants are under attack, but also information on the emitter plants themselves. In this way responding plants could obtain information on whether the neighbouring plant is a competitive threat and can accordingly adjust their growth towards it. We interpret this as a response in the process of adaptation towards neighbouring plants. Furthermore, these physiological changes in the responding plants have significant ecological impact, as behaviour of aphids was affected. Since herbivore host plants are potentially under constant exposure to these volatiles, our study has major implications for the understanding of how mechanisms within plant communities affect insects. This knowledge could be used to improve plant protection and increase scientific understanding of communication between plants and its impact on other organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Velemir Ninkovic
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.
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31
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Martins CBC, Zarbin PHG. Volatile organic compounds of conspecific-damaged Eucalyptus benthamii influence responses of mated females of Thaumastocoris peregrinus. J Chem Ecol 2013; 39:602-11. [PMID: 23609164 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-013-0287-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2013] [Revised: 03/25/2013] [Accepted: 04/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Plants respond to herbivory by synthesizing and releasing novel blends of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Natural enemies are attracted to these VOCs, but little is known about the effects of these chemicals on the herbivores themselves. We studied the effect of Thaumastocoris peregrinus herbivory on VOCs released by Eucalyptus benthamii plants and the responses of this herbivore to the VOCs. In total, 12 compounds released by E. benthamii were identified. Five compounds (β-pinene, linalool, 9-epi-(E)-caryophyllene, viridiflorol, and one unidentified compound) emitted after herbivore and mechanical damage were not detected in collections from undamaged plants. The three most abundant VOCs, α-pinene, aromadendrene, and globulol, were released in greater quantities from herbivore-damaged plants compared to plants with mechanical damage, which, in turn, released greater amounts than undamaged (control) plants. The VOCs emitted after herbivore damage did not differ during the photophase and scotophase in either quantity or quality. In an olfactometer, mated female T. peregrinus showed a preference for undamaged plants over herbivore-damaged plants, and also for hexane over α-pinene at an amount equivalent to that released by a herbivore-damaged plant. In the olfactometer, virgin females did not exhibit any preference between conspecific-damaged or undamaged plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila B C Martins
- Departamento de Química, Laboratório de Semioquímicos, Universidade Federal do Paraná UFPR, 81531-990, CP 19081, Curitiba-PR, Brazil
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32
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Hagenbucher S, Wäckers FL, Wettstein FE, Olson DM, Ruberson JR, Romeis J. Pest trade-offs in technology: reduced damage by caterpillars in Bt cotton benefits aphids. Proc Biol Sci 2013; 280:20130042. [PMID: 23486438 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2013.0042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid adoption of genetically engineered (GE) plants that express insecticidal Cry proteins derived from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) has raised concerns about their potential impact on non-target organisms. This includes the possibility that non-target herbivores develop into pests. Although studies have now reported increased populations of non-target herbivores in Bt cotton, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. We propose that lack of herbivore-induced secondary metabolites in Bt cotton represents a mechanism that benefits non-target herbivores. We show that, because of effective suppression of Bt-sensitive lepidopteran herbivores, Bt cotton contains reduced levels of induced terpenoids. We also show that changes in the overall level of these defensive secondary metabolites are associated with improved performance of a Bt-insensitive herbivore, the cotton aphid, under glasshouse conditions. These effects, however, were not as clearly evident under field conditions as aphid populations were not correlated with the amount of terpenoids measured in the plants. Nevertheless, increased aphid numbers were visible in Bt cotton compared with non-Bt cotton on some sampling dates. Identification of this mechanism increases our understanding of how insect-resistant crops impact herbivore communities and helps underpin the sustainable use of GE varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Hagenbucher
- Agroscope Reckenholz-Tänikon Research Station ART, , Reckenholzstrasse 191, 8046 Zurich, Switzerland
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Magalhães DM, Borges M, Laumann RA, Sujii ER, Mayon P, Caulfield JC, Midega CAO, Khan ZR, Pickett JA, Birkett MA, Blassioli-Moraes MC. Semiochemicals from herbivory induced cotton plants enhance the foraging behavior of the cotton boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis. J Chem Ecol 2012. [PMID: 23179097 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-012-0216-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis, has been monitored through deployment of traps baited with aggregation pheromone components. However, field studies have shown that the number of insects caught in these traps is significantly reduced during cotton squaring, suggesting that volatiles produced by plants at this phenological stage may be involved in attraction. Here, we evaluated the chemical profile of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted by undamaged or damaged cotton plants at different phenological stages, under different infestation conditions, and determined the attractiveness of these VOCs to adults of A. grandis. In addition, we investigated whether or not VOCs released by cotton plants enhanced the attractiveness of the aggregation pheromone emitted by male boll weevils. Behavioral responses of A. grandis to VOCs from conspecific-damaged, heterospecific-damaged (Spodoptera frugiperda and Euschistus heros) and undamaged cotton plants, at different phenological stages, were assessed in Y-tube olfactometers. The results showed that volatiles emitted from reproductive cotton plants damaged by conspecifics were attractive to adults boll weevils, whereas volatiles induced by heterospecific herbivores were not as attractive. Additionally, addition of boll weevil-induced volatiles from reproductive cotton plants to aggregation pheromone gave increased attraction, relative to the pheromone alone. The VOC profiles of undamaged and mechanically damaged cotton plants, in both phenological stages, were not different. Chemical analysis showed that cotton plants produced qualitatively similar volatile profiles regardless of damage type, but the quantities produced differed according to the plant's phenological stage and the herbivore species. Notably, vegetative cotton plants released higher amounts of VOCs compared to reproductive plants. At both stages, the highest rate of VOC release was observed in A. grandis-damaged plants. Results show that A. grandis uses conspecific herbivore-induced volatiles in host location, and that homoterpene compounds, such as (E)-4,8-dimethylnona-1,3,7-triene and (E,E)-4,8,12-trimethyltrideca-1,3,7,11-tetraene and the monoterpene (E)-ocimene, may be involved in preference for host plants at the reproductive stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Magalhães
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, W5 Norte, CEP 70770-900, Brasília, DF, Brazil
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Muroi A, Matsui K, Shimoda T, Kihara H, Ozawa R, Ishihara A, Nishihara M, Arimura GI. Acquired immunity of transgenic torenia plants overexpressing agmatine coumaroyltransferase to pathogens and herbivore pests. Sci Rep 2012; 2:689. [PMID: 23008754 PMCID: PMC3449287 DOI: 10.1038/srep00689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2012] [Accepted: 09/05/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the ability of transgenic torenia (Scrophulariaceae) plants to resist fungi and arthropod herbivores. Torenia hybrida cv. Summerwave Blue was manipulated to produce Arabidopsis agmatine coumaroyltransferase (AtACT). This catalyses the last step in the biosynthesis of hydroxycinnamic acid amides (HCAAs) which function in defence. Transgenic plants accumulated substantial HCAAs, predominantly p-coumaroylagmatine, and the HCAAs were isomerized from the trans-form to the cis-form in planta. The transgenic line, accumulated the highest amount of endogenous HCAAs (CouAgm at 32.2 µM and total HCAAs at 47.5 µM) and this line was resistant to the necrotrophic fungus, Botrytis cinerea. There was no resistance, however, in their wild-type progenitors or in other transgenic lines accumulating low HCAA amounts. In contrast, the transformants were not significantly resistant to three representative herbivores, Frankliniella occidentalis, Aphis gossypii, and Tetranychus ludeni.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Muroi
- Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, Otsu 520-2113, Japan
- Cell-free Science and Technology Research Center, Ehime University, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan
- These authors contributed equally to the article
| | - Kenji Matsui
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, and Department of Applied Molecular Bioscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan
- These authors contributed equally to the article
| | - Takeshi Shimoda
- National Agricultural Research Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8666, Japan
- These authors contributed equally to the article
| | - Hirotomo Kihara
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, and Department of Applied Molecular Bioscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan
| | - Rika Ozawa
- Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, Otsu 520-2113, Japan
| | - Atsushi Ishihara
- Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
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Hegde M, Oliveira JN, da Costa JG, Loza-Reyes E, Bleicher E, Santana AEG, Caulfield JC, Mayon P, Dewhirst SY, Bruce TJA, Pickett JA, Birkett MA. Aphid antixenosis in cotton is activated by the natural plant defence elicitor cis-jasmone. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2012; 78:81-8. [PMID: 22516741 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2012.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2011] [Revised: 02/22/2012] [Accepted: 03/05/2012] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Upon insect herbivory, plants can release blends of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that modify herbivore and natural enemy behaviour. We have shown recently that cotton, Gossypium hirsutum, emits a blend of defence VOCs that repels the cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii, upon herbivory by this notorious crop pest, including (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate, (E)-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene (DMNT), methyl salicylate and (E,E)-4,8,12-trimethyl-1,3,7,11-tridecatetraene (TMTT). In this study, we investigated changes in the defence VOC profile of G. hirsutum induced by the naturally-occurring plant elicitor cis-jasmone (CJ) and whether these changes modify the behaviour of A. gossypii. In four-arm olfactometer assays, VOCs from untreated plants were significantly attractive (P<0.05), whilst VOCs from CJ-treated plants were significantly repellent (P<0.05). The VOCs induced by CJ appeared to comprise (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate, DMNT, methyl salicylate and TMTT. In quantitative VOC collection studies, sustained release of DMNT and TMTT was observed in CJ-treated plants over a period of five days, with levels becoming statistically significantly higher than for control treated plants on the fifth day in most cases. Despite earlier indications, no statistically significant differences were observed in levels of (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate or methyl salicylate between CJ and control treatments on any day. Furthermore, DMNT and TMTT emissions from CJ-treated plants were further enhanced by subsequent addition of A. gossypii. CJ treatment induced statistically significantly higher DMNT and TMTT expression levels as early as day three, when A. gossypii was present. The results in this study show that CJ can induce the production of A. gossypii-induced VOCs from G. hirsutum, with potential for deployment in novel crop protection strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahabaleshwar Hegde
- Department of Agricultural Entomology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, Pin-580005, Karnataka, India
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Clavijo McCormick A, Unsicker SB, Gershenzon J. The specificity of herbivore-induced plant volatiles in attracting herbivore enemies. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2012; 17:303-10. [PMID: 22503606 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2012.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 261] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2012] [Revised: 03/19/2012] [Accepted: 03/19/2012] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Plants respond to herbivore attack by emitting complex mixtures of volatile compounds that attract herbivore enemies, both predators and parasitoids. Here, we explore whether these mixtures provide significant value as information cues in herbivore enemy attraction. Our survey indicates that blends of volatiles released from damaged plants are frequently specific depending on the type of herbivore and its age, abundance and feeding guild. The sensory perception of plant volatiles by herbivore enemies is also specific, according to the latest evidence from studies of insect olfaction. Thus, enemies do exploit the detailed information provided by plant volatile mixtures in searching for their prey or hosts, but this varies with the diet breadth of the enemy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Clavijo McCormick
- Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll Strasse 8, D-07745 Jena, Germany
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Degenhardt DC, Greene JK. Influence of Pyrethroid Pesticide Formulation on Volatile Emissions from Cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., Leaves. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.3954/1523-5475-28.1.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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