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Chen L, Yang G, Bai Y, Chang J, Qin S, Liu F, He M, Song Y, Zhang F, Peñuelas J, Zhu B, Zhou G, Yang Y. Permafrost carbon cycle and its dynamics on the Tibetan Plateau. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2024; 67:1833-1848. [PMID: 38951429 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-023-2601-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
Our knowledge on permafrost carbon (C) cycle is crucial for understanding its feedback to climate warming and developing nature-based solutions for mitigating climate change. To understand the characteristics of permafrost C cycle on the Tibetan Plateau, the largest alpine permafrost region around the world, we summarized recent advances including the stocks and fluxes of permafrost C and their responses to thawing, and depicted permafrost C dynamics within this century. We find that this alpine permafrost region stores approximately 14.1 Pg (1 Pg=1015 g) of soil organic C (SOC) in the top 3 m. Both substantial gaseous emissions and lateral C transport occur across this permafrost region. Moreover, the mobilization of frozen C is expedited by permafrost thaw, especially by the formation of thermokarst landscapes, which could release significant amounts of C into the atmosphere and surrounding water bodies. This alpine permafrost region nevertheless remains an important C sink, and its capacity to sequester C will continue to increase by 2100. For future perspectives, we would suggest developing long-term in situ observation networks of C stocks and fluxes with improved temporal and spatial coverage, and exploring the mechanisms underlying the response of ecosystem C cycle to permafrost thaw. In addition, it is essential to improve the projection of permafrost C dynamics through in-depth model-data fusion on the Tibetan Plateau.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leiyi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Guibiao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Yuxuan Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Jinfeng Chang
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Shuqi Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Futing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Mei He
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Yutong Song
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC- UAB (Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona), Barcelona, 08193, Spain
- Centre for Ecological Research and Forestry (CREAF), Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - Biao Zhu
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Guoying Zhou
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, 810008, China
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, 810008, China
| | - Yuanhe Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China.
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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Wang M, Sui X, Wang X, Zhang X, Zeng X. Soil Fungal Community Differences in Manual Plantation Larch Forest and Natural Larch Forest in Northeast China. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1322. [PMID: 39065091 PMCID: PMC11278968 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12071322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Soil fungal communities are pivotal components in ecosystems and play an essential role in global biogeochemical cycles. In this study, we determined the fungal communities of a natural larch forest and a manual plantation larch forest in Heilongjiang Zhongyangzhan Black-billed Capercaillie Nature Reserve and Gala Mountain Forest using high-throughput sequencing. The interactions between soil fungal communities were analysed utilising a co-occurrence network. The relationship between soil nutrients and soil fungal communities was determined with the help of Mantel analysis and a correlation heatmap. The Kruskal-Wallis test indicated that different genera of fungi differed in the two forest types. The results show that there was a significant change in the alpha diversity of soil fungal communities in both forests. In contrast, nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) analysis showed significant differences in the soil fungal community structures between the manual plantation larch forest and the natural larch forest. The soil fungal co-occurrence network showed that the complexity of the soil fungal communities in the manual plantation larch forest decreased significantly compared to those in the natural larch forest. A Mantel analysis revealed a correlation between the soil fungal co-occurrence network, the composition of soil fungi, and soil nutrients. The RDA analysis also showed that AN, TK, and pH mainly influenced the soil fungal community. The null model test results showed the importance of stochastic processes in soil fungal community assembly in manual plantation larch forests. Overall, this study enhances our understanding of the differences in soil fungal communities in manual plantation larch forests and natural larch forests, providing insights into their sustainable management. It also serves as a reminder that the ecological balance of natural ecosystems is difficult to restore through human intervention, so we need to protect natural ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyu Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education & Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Resource Utilization for Cold Region & Key Laboratory of Microbiology, College of Heilongjiang Province & School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China;
| | - Xin Sui
- Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education & Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Resource Utilization for Cold Region & Key Laboratory of Microbiology, College of Heilongjiang Province & School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China;
| | - Xin Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education & Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Resource Utilization for Cold Region & Key Laboratory of Microbiology, College of Heilongjiang Province & School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China;
| | - Xianbang Zhang
- Heilongjiang Zhongyangzhan Black—Billed Capercaillie National Nature Reserve Service Center, Nenjiang 161400, China;
| | - Xiannan Zeng
- Institute of Crop Cultivation and Tillage, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150088, China;
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Gao H, Li H, Shi J, Huang J, Wei J, Qu X, Long T. Black carbon, soil organic matter molecular signatures under different land uses in Shenyang, China and relationship with PAHs. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 342:140089. [PMID: 37683951 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
The content, composition and molecular signatures of soil organic matter (SOM) have important influences on the cycle of soil organic carbon (SOC) and the partitioning of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in soil. Seventy-nine soil samples from farmland, forest and urban areas were collected in Shenyang, China to investigate black carbon (BC) content, SOM molecular signatures varied with land use patterns, as well as the relationship with PAHs. The content of BC in urban soils was significantly higher than that of farmland and forest. BC was a key contributor of urban SOM which accounted for 0.35 ± 0.31 of SOC in urban soil. Based on BC/SOC ratio, the main sources of BC were identified as fossil fuel combustion for urban soils, while for farmland and forest soils, it is the mixed results of fossil fuel combustion and biomass burning. All categories of PAHs in urban soils showed the highest level compared to farmland and forest soils. Pearson's correlation analysis results showed there were significant positive correlations between BC and PAHs categories in urban soils, indicating the important role of BC in the accumulation of PAHs in soil. SOM from each of the two different land use patterns can be distinguished by molecular signatures. Urban SOM had abundant molecular markers derived from condensed organic carbon inputs, which was consistent with the BC/SOC value. Farmland SOM had abundant carbon from vegetation and microorganisms, and forest SOM was rich in organic carbon from fresh plant materials. The markers enriched in urban SOM showed significant correlations with most PAHs categories, highlighting the affinity of urban SOM for PAHs at the molecular level. This study contributed to understanding the impact of land management methods on SOM molecular composition signatures and its influence on PAHs occurrence in soil, providing a theoretical basis for regional soil pollution management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Gao
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Management and Pollution Control, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of China, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210042, China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Huixin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Jiaqi Shi
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Management and Pollution Control, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of China, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210042, China
| | - Jianbo Huang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Management and Pollution Control, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of China, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210042, China
| | - Jing Wei
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Management and Pollution Control, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of China, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210042, China
| | - Xiaolei Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Tao Long
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Management and Pollution Control, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of China, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210042, China.
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De Silva S, Carson P, Indrapala DV, Warwick B, Reichman SM. Land application of industrial wastes: impacts on soil quality, biota, and human health. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:67974-67996. [PMID: 37138131 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26893-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Globally, waste disposal options such as landfill, incineration, and discharge to water, are not preferred long-term solutions due to their social, environmental, political, and economic implications. However, there is potential for increasing the sustainability of industrial processes by considering land application of industrial wastes. Applying waste to land can have beneficial outcomes including reducing waste sent to landfill and providing alternative nutrient sources for agriculture and other primary production. However, there are also potential hazards, including environmental contamination. This article reviewed the literature on industrial waste applications to soils and assessed the associated hazards and benefits. The review investigated wastes in relation to soil characteristics, dynamics between soils and waste constituents, and possible impacts on plants, animals, and humans. The current body of literature demonstrates the potential for the application of industrial waste into agricultural soils. The main challenge for applying industrial wastes to land is the presence of contaminants in some wastes and managing these to enhance positive effects and reduce negative outcomes to within acceptable limits. Examination of the literature also revealed several gaps in the research and opportunities for further investigation: specifically, a lack of long-term experiments and mass balance assessments, variable waste composition, and negative public opinion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamali De Silva
- Environment Protection Authority Victoria, EPA Science, Macleod, VIC, 3085, Australia
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, 3001, Australia
| | - Peter Carson
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, 3001, Australia
| | | | - Barry Warwick
- Environment Protection Authority Victoria, EPA Science, Macleod, VIC, 3085, Australia
| | - Suzie M Reichman
- Centre for Anthropogenic Pollution Impact and Management (CAPIM), University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010, Australia.
- School of Biosciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010, Australia.
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Pesticide sorption and mitigation efficiency of a detention pond in a Champagne vineyard catchment. Heliyon 2022; 8:e11475. [PMID: 36406734 PMCID: PMC9668682 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Detention ponds (DPs) are used to reduce the pesticide inputs from runoff to surface water. This study aimed to assess the role of the sorption process in the mitigation of a DP made up of four successive units and built at the outlet of a vineyard catchment in Champagne (France) to treat runoff waters. Sorption kinetics and isotherms were studied for four pesticides with contrasting properties, cyazofamid (CYA), fludioxonil (FLX), fluopicolide (FLP) and oryzalin (ORY), in the presence of copper in sediments and four emergent macrophyte roots and rhizomes sampled in the DP units 2 (photodegradation) and 3 (phytoremediation). The adsorption equilibrium time (from 24 to 96 h) was less than the hydraulic residence times in the two units (6 and 18 days on average) between November 2016 and November 2017. Sorption equilibrium could then be reached in situ in 85 % of cases. The Kd coefficients of the four pesticides were overall greater in plant roots (14–6742 L kg−1) than in sediments (6–163 L kg−1) because of their affinity for organic matter and the molecular and porous structure of the plant matrices. Typha latifolia and Iris pseudacorus exhibited greater Kd coefficients than Mentha aquatica and Phragmites australis, probably due to their greater specific surface area. The pesticide adsorption capacity in sediments and in T. latifolia and I. pseudacorus roots (ORY ≥ FLX > CYA > FLP) was linked to their Kow. The estimated total annual amounts of the four pesticides adsorbed in situ were determined to be 1236 mg for unit 2 and 1570 mg for unit 3. The four plants improved the removal efficiency of the unit 3 by 33%. Thus, the establishment of suitable and effective plants should be promoted to optimize sorption processes and DP efficiency in reducing water pollution. Pesticide sorption on various substrates of a vineyard detention pond was assessed. The measured equilibrium time was less than the in situ hydraulic residence time. Plant roots and rhizomes showed greater pesticide adsorption capacity than sediments. Sorption capacity was higher on cattail and iris than on mint and reed. Affinity of selected pesticides for roots and sediments was related to their Kow.
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Li W, Siddique MS, Liu M, Graham N, Yu W. The migration and microbiological degradation of dissolved organic matter in riparian soils. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 224:119080. [PMID: 36113239 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.119080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Riparian zones are important natural means of water purification, by decreasing the aqueous concentration of terrestrial organic matter (OM) through adsorption and microbial degradation of the organic matter within the aquatic ecosystem. Limited studies have been reported so far concerning the migration of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in the horizontal and vertical planes of riparian zones. In this study, the migration of DOM in riparian zones, from forest soil to wetland soil, and with soil depth, were explored, based on a case study reservoir. Results showed that riparian wetlands can absorb the OM from the forest soils and adjacent reservoir, and act as a major OM sink through microbial action. Methylomirabilota and GAL15 bacteria increased with soil depth for the two soil systems, and the wetland soil system also contained microbial sulfates, nitrates and carbonates. These microorganisms successfully utilize the Fe3+, SO4-, and CO3- as electron acceptors in the wetland system, resulting in enhanced OM removal. Although the variation of soil DOM in the vertical direction was the same for both forest and wetland soils, the Chemical structure of the DOM was found to be significantly different. Furthermore, the soil was found to be the main source of DOM in the forest ecosystem, with lignin as the main ingredient. The lignin structure was gradually oxidized and decomposed, with an increase in carboxyl groups, as the lignin diffused down into the soil and the adjacent reservoir. PLS-PM analysis showed that the soil physicochemical properties were the main factors affecting DOM transformation. However, microbial metabolism was still the goes deeper affecting factor. This study will contribute to the analysis that migration and transform of soil organic matter in riparian zone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, PR China
| | - Muhammad Saboor Siddique
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Mengjie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China
| | - Nigel Graham
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Wenzheng Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, PR China.
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Sun G, Cao C, Wang M, Li H, Wang Y, Deng G, Wang J. Organic matter biomarker and 13C NMR characteristics of soil and sediment standard reference materials from China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 836:155661. [PMID: 35525351 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Soil and sediment organic matter (OM) in terrestrial environments represent two critical organic carbon pools on Earth and are likely subject to distinct degrees of oxidation and modification. However, few studies have identified critical molecular-level characteristics that differentiate soil and sediment OM from various climate zones. Using biomarkers and solid-state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy analyses, we studied the OM characteristics of 11 soil and 7 sediment standard reference materials (SRMs) originating from various geographical locations in China. Results showed significantly higher concentrations of lignin phenols in sediment OM than in soil OM, which may result from protection by higher contents of CaO and less microbial degradation in sediments. Nevertheless, the relative abundances of solvent-extractable lipids (alkanes, alkanols, and alkanoic acids) and ester-bound cutin and suberin biomarkers did not differ significantly between soil and sediment SRMs. The concentrations of lignin biomarkers decreased with increasing weathering degree of the soil, while cutin biomarkers increased with mean annual temperature and precipitation. This phenomenon was not observed in sediment SRMs. This study reveals the distinct OM characteristics between Chinese soil and sediment SRMs and provides fundamental data for future studies to link OM characteristics and functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guodong Sun
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Chun Cao
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Mengke Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Huishan Li
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yinghui Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Guisen Deng
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Junjian Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
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Wang G, Chen L, Zhang D, Qin S, Peng Y, Yang G, Wang J, Yu J, Wei B, Liu Y, Li Q, Kang L, Wang Y, Yang Y. Divergent Trajectory of Soil Autotrophic and Heterotrophic Respiration upon Permafrost Thaw. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:10483-10493. [PMID: 35748652 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c07575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Warming-induced permafrost thaw may stimulate soil respiration (Rs) and thus cause a positive feedback to climate warming. However, due to the limited in situ observations, it remains unclear about how Rs and its autotrophic (Ra) and heterotrophic (Rh) components change upon permafrost thaw. Here we monitored variations in Rs and its components along a permafrost thaw sequence on the Tibetan Plateau, and explored the potential linkage of Rs components (i.e., Ra and Rh) with biotic (e.g., plant functional traits and soil microbial diversity) and abiotic factors (e.g., substrate quality). We found that Ra and Rh exhibited divergent responses to permafrost collapse: Ra increased with the time of thawing, while Rh exhibited a hump-shaped pattern along the thaw sequence. We also observed different drivers of thaw-induced changes in the ratios of Ra:Rs and Rh:Rs. Except for soil water status, plant community structure, diversity, and root properties explained the variation in Ra:Rs ratio, soil substrate quality and microbial diversity were key factors associated with the dynamics of Rh:Rs ratio. Overall, these findings demonstrate divergent patterns and drivers of Rs components as permafrost thaw prolongs, which call for considerations in Earth system models for better forecasting permafrost carbon-climate feedback.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanqin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Leiyi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Dianye Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Shuqi Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yunfeng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Guibiao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Jun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jianchun Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bin Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- College of Resources and Environmental Science/Hebei Province Key Laboratory for Farmland Eco-Environment, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Qinlu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Luyao Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Yuanhe Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Yuan X, Chen Y, Qin W, Xu T, Mao Y, Wang Q, Chen K, Zhu B. Plant and microbial regulations of soil carbon dynamics under warming in two alpine swamp meadow ecosystems on the Tibetan Plateau. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 790:148072. [PMID: 34098273 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Increasing temperature plays important roles in affecting plant and soil microbial communities as well as ecological processes and functions in terrestrial ecosystems. However, mechanisms of warming influencing soil carbon dynamics associated with plant-microbe interactions remain unclear. In this study, open-top chambers (OTCs) experiments were carried out to detect the responses of plants, soil microbes, and SOC contents, physical fractions (by particle-size fractionation) and chemical composition (by solid-state 13C NMR spectroscopy) to warming in two alpine swamp meadows (Kobresia humilis vs K. tibetica) on the Tibetan Plateau. Our results showed that four years of warming had significant influences on plant belowground biomass, microbial community and SOC contents in the K. humilis swamp meadow, but had much weaker or minor effects in the K. tibetica swamp meadow with water-logged status and lower level of warming. In the K. humilis swamp meadow, warming increased microbial biomass, C-hydrolysis gene abundance and N-acetylglucosaminidase enzyme activity. These positive effects of warming on microbial biomass and functions further increased soil dissolved inorganic nitrogen and alleviated the nitrogen limitation for plant growth, potentially leading to higher plant biomass. Therefore, increases in SOC and particulate organic carbon (POC) under warming were likely attributed to the higher C input with promoted plant biomass overweighting the simultaneous higher C degradation and release in the K. humilis swamp meadow. Conversely, warming marginally reduced soil alkyl C, which was likely associated with enhanced decomposition by fungi and gram-positive bacteria. Overall, the increases in unprotected POC and decreases in recalcitrant alkyl C demonstrate the sensitivity of SOC physical fractions as well as chemical composition to climate warming in the K. humilis alpine swamp meadow, and suggest that the overall stability of SOC might be lower despite the gain in the content of SOC after climate warming in this alpine swamp meadow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Yuan
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Wenkuan Qin
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Tianle Xu
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yahui Mao
- College of Geographic Sciences, Qinghai Normal University, Xining 810008, China
| | - Qi Wang
- College of Geographic Sciences, Qinghai Normal University, Xining 810008, China
| | - Kelong Chen
- College of Geographic Sciences, Qinghai Normal University, Xining 810008, China
| | - Biao Zhu
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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10
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Zhai H, Bernstein R, Nir O, Wang L. Molecular insight into the interfacial chemical functionalities regulating heterogeneous calcium-arsenate nucleation. J Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 575:464-471. [PMID: 32402825 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.04.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Heterogeneous nucleation induced by natural organic matter (NOM) can lower the energy barrier for calcium arsenate (Ca-As) precipitation, which aids in immobilizing arsenate (AsⅤ). However, it remains unclear how certain chemical functionalities of NOM affect Ca-As nucleation at the molecular scale. By analyzing changes in the local supersaturation and/or interfacial energy, the present work investigates the Ca-As heterogeneous nucleation kinetics and mechanisms on functional-group-modified model surfaces. Mica surfaces modified by functional groups of amine (NH2), hydroxyl (OH), or carboxyl (COOH) through self-assembled monolayers were used to investigate how chemical functionalities affect the Ca-As heterogeneous nucleation, in which the distributions of formation kinetics and size (as measured by the change in particle height) of nucleated Ca-As particles were measured by using in situ atomic force microscopy. In a parallel analysis, a quartz-crystal microbalance with dissipation was used to detect the buildup of Ca2+ and/or HAsO42- ions at the solid-fluid interface. PeakForce quantitative nanomechanical mapping and dynamic force spectroscopy using functional-group-modified tips made it possible to calculate the binding energies holding functional groups to Ca-As particles. Nucleated Ca-As particles were characterized by using Raman spectroscopy and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. The results indicate that the height of amorphous Ca-As particles formed on a modified mica surface may be ranked in descending order as NH2 > OH > bare mica > COOH, as determined by the buildup of Ca2+ and HAsO42- ions at the solid-fluid interface and the decrease of interfacial energy due to the functional groups. These nanoscale observations and molecular-scale determinations improve our understanding of the roles played by chemical functionalities on NOM in immobilizing dissolved As through heterogeneous nucleation in soil and water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Zhai
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Department of Desalination and Water Treatment, Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede-Boqer Campus 84990, Israel
| | - Roy Bernstein
- Department of Desalination and Water Treatment, Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede-Boqer Campus 84990, Israel.
| | - Oded Nir
- Department of Desalination and Water Treatment, Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede-Boqer Campus 84990, Israel
| | - Lijun Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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11
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Li F, Peng Y, Chen L, Yang G, Abbott BW, Zhang D, Fang K, Wang G, Wang J, Yu J, Liu L, Zhang Q, Chen K, Mohammat A, Yang Y. Warming alters surface soil organic matter composition despite unchanged carbon stocks in a Tibetan permafrost ecosystem. Funct Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- College of Life Science Taizhou University Taizhou China
| | - Yunfeng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Leiyi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Guibiao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Benjamin W. Abbott
- Department of Plant and Wildlife Sciences Brigham Young University Provo UT USA
| | - Dianye Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Kai Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Guanqin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Jun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Jianchun Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Li Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Qiwen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Kelong Chen
- College of Life and Geography Sciences Qinghai Normal University Xining China
| | - Anwar Mohammat
- Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography Chinese Academy of Sciences Urumqi China
| | - Yuanhe Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
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12
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Marty C, Piquette J, Morin H, Bussières D, Thiffault N, Houle D, Bradley RL, Simpson MJ, Ouimet R, Paré MC. Nine years of in situ soil warming and topography impact the temperature sensitivity and basal respiration rate of the forest floor in a Canadian boreal forest. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0226909. [PMID: 31877170 PMCID: PMC6932772 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0226909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The forest floor of boreal forest stores large amounts of organic C that may react to a warming climate and increased N deposition. It is therefore crucial to assess the impact of these factors on the temperature sensitivity of this C pool to help predict future soil CO2 emissions from boreal forest soils to the atmosphere. In this study, soil warming (+2-4°C) and canopy N addition (CNA; +0.30-0.35 kg·N·ha-1·yr-1) were replicated along a topographic gradient (upper, back and lower slope) in a boreal forest in Quebec, Canada. After nine years of treatment, the forest floor was collected in each plot, and its organic C composition was characterized through solid-state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Forest floor samples were incubated at four temperatures (16, 24, 32 and 40°C) and respiration rates (RR) measured to assess the temperature sensitivity of forest floor RR (Q10 = e10k) and basal RR (B). Both soil warming and CNA had no significant effect on forest floor chemistry (e.g., C, N, Ca and Mg content, amount of soil organic matter, pH, chemical functional groups). The NMR analyses did not show evidence of significant changes in the forest floor organic C quality. Nonetheless, a significant effect of soil warming on both the Q10 of RR and B was observed. On average, B was 72% lower and Q10 45% higher in the warmed, versus the control plots. This result implies that forest floor respiration will more strongly react to changes in soil temperature in a future warmer climate. CNA had no significant effect on the measured soil and respiration parameters, and no interaction effects with warming. In contrast, slope position had a significant effect on forest floor organic C quality. Upper slope plots had higher soil alkyl C:O-alkyl C ratios and lower B values than those in the lower slope, across all different treatments. This result likely resulted from a relative decrease in the labile C fraction in the upper slope, characterized by lower moisture levels. Our results point towards higher temperature sensitivity of RR under warmer conditions, accompanied by an overall down-regulation of RR at low temperatures (lower B). Since soil C quantity and quality were unaffected by the nine years of warming, the observed patterns could result from microbial adaptations to warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Marty
- Laboratoire d’écologie végétale et animale, Département des sciences fondamentales, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Chicoutimi, Québec, Canada
| | - Joanie Piquette
- Laboratoire d’écologie végétale et animale, Département des sciences fondamentales, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Chicoutimi, Québec, Canada
| | - Hubert Morin
- Laboratoire d’écologie végétale et animale, Département des sciences fondamentales, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Chicoutimi, Québec, Canada
| | - Denis Bussières
- Département des sciences fondamentales, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Chicoutimi, Québec, Canada
| | - Nelson Thiffault
- Centre Canadien sur la fibre de bois, Service canadien des forêts, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Daniel Houle
- Direction de la recherche forestière, Ministère des Forêts, de la Faune et des Parcs, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Robert L. Bradley
- Département de Biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Myrna J. Simpson
- Environmental NMR Centre and Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rock Ouimet
- Direction de la recherche forestière, Ministère des Forêts, de la Faune et des Parcs, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Maxime C. Paré
- Laboratoire d’écologie végétale et animale, Département des sciences fondamentales, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Chicoutimi, Québec, Canada
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13
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Qin S, Chen L, Fang K, Zhang Q, Wang J, Liu F, Yu J, Yang Y. Temperature sensitivity of SOM decomposition governed by aggregate protection and microbial communities. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaau1218. [PMID: 31309137 PMCID: PMC6620099 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aau1218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Temperature sensitivity (Q 10) of soil organic matter (SOM) decomposition is a crucial parameter for predicting the fate of soil carbon (C) under global warming. However, our understanding of its regulatory mechanisms remains inadequate, which constrains its accurate parameterization in Earth system models and induces large uncertainties in predicting terrestrial C-climate feedback. Here, we conducted a long-term laboratory incubation combined with a two-pool model and manipulative experiments to examine potential mechanisms underlying the depth-associated Q 10 variations in active and slow soil C pools. We found that lower microbial abundance and stronger aggregate protection were coexisting mechanisms underlying the lower Q 10 in the subsoil. Of them, microbial communities were the main determinant of Q 10 in the active pool, whereas aggregate protection exerted more important control in the slow pool. These results highlight the crucial role of soil C stabilization mechanisms in regulating temperature response of SOM decomposition, potentially attenuating the terrestrial C-climate feedback.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuqi Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Leiyi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Kai Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qiwen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Futing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jianchun Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuanhe Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Corresponding author.
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14
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Semenchuk PR, Krab EJ, Hedenström M, Phillips CA, Ancin-Murguzur FJ, Cooper EJ. Soil organic carbon depletion and degradation in surface soil after long-term non-growing season warming in High Arctic Svalbard. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 646:158-167. [PMID: 30056226 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Arctic tundra active-layer soils are at risk of soil organic carbon (SOC) depletion and degradation upon global climate warming because they are in a stage of relatively early decomposition. Non-growing season (NGS) warming is particularly pronounced, and observed increases of CO2 emissions during experimentally warmed NGSs give concern for great SOC losses to the atmosphere. Here, we used snow fences in Arctic Spitsbergen dwarf shrub tundra to simulate 1.86 °C NGS warming for 9 consecutive years, while growing season temperatures remained unchanged. In the snow fence treatment, the 4-11 cm thick A-horizon had a 2% lower SOC concentration and a 0.48 kg C m-2 smaller pool size than the controls, indicating SOC pool depletion. The snow fence treatment's A-horizon's alkyl/O-alkyl ratio was also significantly increased, indicating an advance of SOC degradation. The underlying 5 cm of B/C-horizon did not show these effects. Our results support the hypothesis that SOC depletion and degradation are connected to the long-term transience of observed ecosystem respiration (ER) increases upon soil warming. We suggest that the bulk of warming induced ER increases may originate from surface and not deep active layer or permafrost horizons. The observed losses of SOC might be significant for the ecosystem in question, but are in magnitude comparatively small relative to anthropogenic greenhouse gas enrichment of the atmosphere. We conclude that a positive feedback of carbon losses from surface soils of Arctic dwarf shrub tundra to anthropogenic forcing will be minor, but not negligible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp R Semenchuk
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, Faculty of Biosciences Fisheries and Economics, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway; Climate Impacts Research Centre, Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, SE-98107 Abisko, Sweden; Division of Conservation Biology, Vegetation Ecology and Landscape Ecology, Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, Vienna University, Rennweg 14, 1030 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Eveline J Krab
- Climate Impacts Research Centre, Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, SE-98107 Abisko, Sweden; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Soil and Environment, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Carly A Phillips
- Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30606, USA
| | - Francisco J Ancin-Murguzur
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, Faculty of Biosciences Fisheries and Economics, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Elisabeth J Cooper
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, Faculty of Biosciences Fisheries and Economics, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
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15
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Lajtha K, Bowden RD, Crow S, Fekete I, Kotroczó Z, Plante A, Simpson MJ, Nadelhoffer KJ. The detrital input and removal treatment (DIRT) network: Insights into soil carbon stabilization. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 640-641:1112-1120. [PMID: 30021276 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.05.388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Ecological research networks functioning across climatic and edaphic gradients are critical for improving predictive understanding of biogeochemical cycles at local through global scales. One international network, the Detrital Input and Removal Treatment (DIRT) Project, was established to assess how rates and sources of plant litter inputs influence accumulations or losses of organic matter in forest soils. DIRT employs chronic additions and exclusions of aboveground litter inputs and exclusion of root ingrowth to permanent plots at eight forested and two shrub/grass sites to investigate how soil organic matter (SOM) dynamics are influenced by plant detrital inputs across ecosystem and soil types. Across the DIRT network described here, SOM pools responded only slightly, or not at all, to chronic doubling of aboveground litter inputs. Explanations for the slow or even negative response of SOM to litter additions include increased decomposition of new inputs and priming of old SOM. Evidence of priming includes increased soil respiration in litter addition plots, decreased dissolved organic carbon (DOC) output from increased microbial activity, and biochemical markers in soil indicating enhanced SOM degradation. SOM pools decreased in response to chronic exclusion of aboveground litter, which had a greater effect on soil C than did excluding roots, providing evidence that root-derived C is not more critical than aboveground litter C to soil C sequestration. Partitioning of belowground contributions to total soil respiration were predictable based on site-level soil C and N as estimates of site fertility; contributions to soil respiration from root respiration were negatively related to soil fertility and inversely, contributions from decomposing aboveground litter in soil were positively related to site fertility. The commonality of approaches and manipulations across the DIRT network has provided greater insights into soil C cycling than could have been revealed at a single site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Lajtha
- Oregon State University, Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, USA.
| | | | - Susan Crow
- University of Hawaii, Honolulu Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Management, USA.
| | - István Fekete
- College of Nyíregyháza, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Hungary.
| | - Zsolt Kotroczó
- Corvinus University of Budapest, Department of Soil Science and Water Management, Hungary.
| | - Alain Plante
- University of Pennsylvania, Department of Earth and Environmental Science, USA.
| | - Myrna J Simpson
- University of Toronto - Scarborough, Department of Chemistry, Canada.
| | - Knute J Nadelhoffer
- University of Michigan, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, USA.
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16
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Velez P, Espinosa-Asuar L, Figueroa M, Gasca-Pineda J, Aguirre-von-Wobeser E, Eguiarte LE, Hernandez-Monroy A, Souza V. Nutrient Dependent Cross-Kingdom Interactions: Fungi and Bacteria From an Oligotrophic Desert Oasis. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1755. [PMID: 30131780 PMCID: PMC6090137 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial interactions play a key role in ecosystem functioning, with nutrient availability as an important determinant. Although phylogenetically distant bacteria and fungi commonly co-occur in nature, information on their cross-kingdom interactions under unstable, extreme environments remains poor. Hence, the aims of this work were to evaluate potential in vitro interactions among fungi and bacteria isolated from a phosphorous oligotrophic aquatic system in the Cuatro Ciénegas Basin, Mexico, and to test the nutrients-based shifts. We assessed growth changes in bacteria (Aeromonas and Vibrio) and fungi (Coprinellus micaceus, Cladosporium sp., and Aspergillus niger) on co-cultures in relation to monocultures under diverse nutrient scenarios on Petri dishes. Interactions were explored using a network analysis, and a metabolome profiling for specific taxa. We identified nutrient-dependent patterns, as beneficial interactions dominated in low-nutrients media and antagonistic interactions dominated in rich media. This suggests that cross-kingdom synergistic interactions might favor microbial colonization and growth under low nutrient conditions, representing an adaptive trait to oligotrophic environments. Moreover, our findings agree with the stress-gradient hypothesis, since microbial interactions shifted from competition to cooperation as environmental stress (expressed as low nutrients) increased. At a functional level consistent differences were detected in the production of secondary metabolites, agreeing with plate bioassays. Our results based on culture experiments, provides evidence to understand the complexity of microbial dynamics and survival in phosphorous-depleted environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Velez
- Laboratorio de Evolución Molecular y Experimental, Instituto de Ecología, Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Laura Espinosa-Asuar
- Laboratorio de Evolución Molecular y Experimental, Instituto de Ecología, Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mario Figueroa
- Laboratorio 125-E, Facultad de Química, Departamento de Farmacia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jaime Gasca-Pineda
- Laboratorio de Evolución Molecular y Experimental, Instituto de Ecología, Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Luis E. Eguiarte
- Laboratorio de Evolución Molecular y Experimental, Instituto de Ecología, Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Abril Hernandez-Monroy
- Laboratorio de Evolución Molecular y Experimental, Instituto de Ecología, Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Valeria Souza
- Laboratorio de Evolución Molecular y Experimental, Instituto de Ecología, Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
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17
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Simpson AJ, Simpson MJ, Soong R. Environmental Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy: An Overview and a Primer. Anal Chem 2017; 90:628-639. [PMID: 29131590 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b03241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
NMR spectroscopy is a versatile tool for the study of structure and interactions in environmental media such as air, soil, and water as well as monitoring the metabolic responses of living organisms to an ever changing environment. Part review, part perspective, and part tutorial, this Feature is aimed at nonspecialists who are interested in learning more about the potential and impact of NMR spectroscopy in environmental research.
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Affiliation(s)
- André J Simpson
- Environmental NMR Centre and Department of Physical & Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough , Toronto, Ontario, Canada , M1C 1A4
| | - Myrna J Simpson
- Environmental NMR Centre and Department of Physical & Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough , Toronto, Ontario, Canada , M1C 1A4
| | - Ronald Soong
- Environmental NMR Centre and Department of Physical & Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough , Toronto, Ontario, Canada , M1C 1A4
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18
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Tamura M, Suseela V, Simpson M, Powell B, Tharayil N. Plant litter chemistry alters the content and composition of organic carbon associated with soil mineral and aggregate fractions in invaded ecosystems. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2017; 23:4002-4018. [PMID: 28480539 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Through the input of disproportionate quantities of chemically distinct litter, invasive plants may potentially influence the fate of organic matter associated with soil mineral and aggregate fractions in some of the ecosystems they invade. Although context dependent, these native ecosystems subjected to prolonged invasion by exotic plants may be instrumental in distinguishing the role of plant-microbe-mineral interactions from the broader edaphic and climatic influences on the formation of soil organic matter (SOM). We hypothesized that the soils subjected to prolonged invasion by an exotic plant that input recalcitrant litter (Japanese knotweed, Polygonum cuspidatum) would have a greater proportion of plant-derived carbon (C) in the aggregate fractions, as compared with that in adjacent soil inhabited by native vegetation that input labile litter, whereas the soils under an invader that input labile litter (kudzu, Pueraria lobata) would have a greater proportion of microbial-derived C in the silt-clay fraction, as compared with that in adjacent soils that receive recalcitrant litter. At the knotweed site, the higher C content in soils under P. cuspidatum, compared with noninvaded soils inhabited by grasses and forbs, was limited to the macroaggregate fraction, which was abundant in plant biomarkers. The noninvaded soils at this site had a higher abundance of lignins in mineral and microaggregate fractions and suberin in the macroaggregate fraction, partly because of the greater root density of the native species, which might have had an overriding influence on the chemistry of the above-ground litter input. At the kudzu site, soils under P. lobata had lower C content across all size fractions at a 0-5 cm soil depth despite receiving similar amounts of Pinus litter. Contrary to our prediction, the noninvaded soils receiving recalcitrant Pinus litter had a similar abundance of plant biomarkers across both mineral and aggregate fractions, potentially because of the higher surface area of soil minerals at this site. The plant biomarkers were lower in the aggregate fractions of the P. lobata-invaded soils, compared with noninvaded pine stands, potentially suggesting a microbial co-metabolism of pine-derived compounds. These results highlight the complex interactions among litter chemistry, soil biota, and minerals in mediating soil C storage in unmanaged ecosystems; these interactions are particularly important under global changes that may alter plant species composition and hence the quantity and chemistry of litter inputs in terrestrial ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mioko Tamura
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - Vidya Suseela
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - Myrna Simpson
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto, Scarborough, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Brian Powell
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - Nishanth Tharayil
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
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19
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Ondruch P, Kucerik J, Steinmetz Z, Schaumann GE. Influence of Organic Chemicals on Water Molecule Bridges in Soil Organic Matter of a Sapric Histosol. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:2367-2376. [PMID: 28252302 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b10207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Water molecules in soil organic matter (SOM) can form clusters bridging neighboring molecular segments (water molecule bridges, WaMBs). WaMBs are hypothesized to enhance the physical entrapment of organic chemicals and to control the rigidity of the SOM supramolecular structure. However, the understanding of WaMBs dynamics in SOM is still limited. We investigated the relation between WaMBs stability and the physicochemical properties of their environment by treating a sapric histosol with various solvents and organic chemicals. On the basis of predictions from molecular modeling, we hypothesized that the stability of WaMBs, measured by differential scanning calorimetry, increases with the decreasing ability of a chemical to interact with water molecules of the WaMBs. The interaction ability between WaMBs and the chemicals was characterized by linear solvation energy relationships. The WaMBs stability in solvent-treated samples was found to decrease with increasing ability of a solvent to undergo H-donor/acceptor interactions. Spiking with an organic chemical stabilized (naphthalene) or destabilized (phenol) the WaMBs. The WaMBs stability and matrix rigidity were generally reduced strongly and quickly when hydrophilic chemicals entered the soil. The physicochemical aging following this destabilization is slow but leads to successive WaMBs stabilization and matrix stiffening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Ondruch
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, Workgroup of Environmental and Soil Chemistry, University of Koblenz-Landau , Fortstr. 7, 76829 Landau, Germany
| | - Jiri Kucerik
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, Workgroup of Environmental and Soil Chemistry, University of Koblenz-Landau , Fortstr. 7, 76829 Landau, Germany
| | - Zacharias Steinmetz
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, Workgroup of Environmental and Soil Chemistry, University of Koblenz-Landau , Fortstr. 7, 76829 Landau, Germany
| | - Gabriele E Schaumann
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, Workgroup of Environmental and Soil Chemistry, University of Koblenz-Landau , Fortstr. 7, 76829 Landau, Germany
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20
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Pisani O, Haddix ML, Conant RT, Paul EA, Simpson MJ. Molecular composition of soil organic matter with land-use change along a bi-continental mean annual temperature gradient. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 573:470-480. [PMID: 27572539 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.08.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Soil organic matter (SOM) is critical for maintaining soil fertility and long-term agricultural sustainability. The molecular composition of SOM is likely altered due to global climate and land-use change; but rarely are these two aspects studied in tandem. Here we used molecular-level techniques to examine SOM composition along a bi-continental (from North to South America) mean annual temperature (MAT) gradient from seven native grassland/forest and cultivated/pasture sites. Biomarker methods included solvent extraction, base hydrolysis and cupric (II) oxide oxidation for the analysis of free lipids of plant and microbial origin, ester-bound lipids from cutin and suberin, and lignin-derived phenols, respectively. Solid-state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) was used to examine the overall composition of SOM. Soil cultivation was found to increase the amount of microbial-derived compounds at warmer temperatures (up to 17% increase). The cultivated soils were characterized by much lower contributions of plant-derived SOM components compared to the native soils (up to 64% lower at the coldest site). In addition, cultivation caused an increase in lignin and cutin degradation (up to 68 and 15% increase, respectively), and an increase in the amount of suberin-derived inputs (up to 54% increase). Clear differences in the molecular composition of SOM due to soil cultivation were observed in soils of varying mineral composition and were attributed to disturbance, different vegetation inputs, soil aggregate destruction and MAT. A high organic allophanic tropical soil was characterized by its protection of carbohydrates and nitrogen-containing compounds. The conversion of native to cultivated land shows significant shifts in the degradation stage of SOM. In particular, cutin-derived compounds which are believed to be part of the stable SOM pool may undergo enhanced degradation with long-term cultivation and disruption of soil aggregates. On a per year basis, the total amount of cutin decreased only at the two forest sites that were converted to pasture, likely due to cutin degradation or to changes in vegetation and litter quality associated with land-use change. Overall, our study highlights that the implementation of different agricultural management practices enhances the degradation of recalcitrant SOM compounds that may become a source of atmospheric CO2 with increasing land-use and climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliva Pisani
- Environmental NMR Centre, Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Michelle L Haddix
- Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Richard T Conant
- Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Eldor A Paul
- Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Myrna J Simpson
- Environmental NMR Centre, Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada.
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21
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Tipping E, Somerville CJ, Luster J. The C:N:P:S stoichiometry of soil organic matter. BIOGEOCHEMISTRY 2016; 130:117-131. [PMID: 32355381 PMCID: PMC7175710 DOI: 10.1007/s10533-016-0247-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The formation and turnover of soil organic matter (SOM) includes the biogeochemical processing of the macronutrient elements nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and sulphur (S), which alters their stoichiometric relationships to carbon (C) and to each other. We sought patterns among soil organic C, N, P and S in data for c. 2000 globally distributed soil samples, covering all soil horizons. For non-peat soils, strong negative correlations (p < 0.001) were found between N:C, P:C and S:C ratios and % organic carbon (OC), showing that SOM of soils with low OC concentrations (high in mineral matter) is rich in N, P and S. The results can be described approximately with a simple mixing model in which nutrient-poor SOM (NPSOM) has N:C, P:C and S:C ratios of 0.039, 0.0011 and 0.0054, while nutrient-rich SOM (NRSOM) has corresponding ratios of 0.12, 0.016 and 0.016, so that P is especially enriched in NRSOM compared to NPSOM. The trends hold across a range of ecosystems, for topsoils, including O horizons, and subsoils, and across different soil classes. The major exception is that tropical soils tend to have low P:C ratios especially at low N:C. We suggest that NRSOM comprises compounds selected by their strong adsorption to mineral matter. The stoichiometric patterns established here offer a new quantitative framework for SOM classification and characterisation, and provide important constraints to dynamic soil and ecosystem models of carbon turnover and nutrient dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Tipping
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster, LA1 4AP UK
| | - Cayman J. Somerville
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster, LA1 4AP UK
- Department of Marine and Environmental Science, Northeastern University, 365 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Jörg Luster
- Swiss Federal Research Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
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22
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Bell NGA, Graham MC, Uhrín D. Isotope-filtered nD NMR spectroscopy of complex mixtures to unravel the molecular structures of phenolic compounds in tagged soil organic matter. Analyst 2016; 141:4614-24. [PMID: 27277943 DOI: 10.1039/c6an00999a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Unravelling structures of molecules contained in complex, chromatographically inseparable mixtures is a challenging task. Due to the number of overlapping resonances in NMR spectra of these mixtures, unambiguous chemical shift correlations attributable to individual molecules cannot be achieved and thus their structure determination is elusive by this technique. Placing a tag carrying an NMR active nucleus onto a subset of molecules enables (i) to eliminate signals from the non-tagged molecules, and (ii) to obtain a set of correlated chemical shifts and coupling constants belonging to a single molecular type. This approach provides an opportunity for structure determination without the need for compound separation. Focusing on the most abundant functional groups of natural organic matter molecules, the carboxyl and hydroxyl groups were converted into esters and ethers, respectively by introducing (13)CH3O groups. A set of (13)C-filtered nD NMR experiments was designed yielding structures/structural motives of tagged molecules. The relative sensitivity of these experiments was compared and a step-by-step guide how to use these experiments to analyse the structures of methylated phenolics is provided. The methods are illustrated using an operational fraction of soil organic matter, fulvic acid isolated from a Scottish peat bog. Analysis of 33 structures identified in this sample revealed a correlation between the position of the methoxy cross-peaks in the (1)H, (13)C HSQC spectra and the compound type. This information enables profiling of phenolic compounds in natural organic matter without the need to acquire a full set of experiments described here or access to high field cryoprobe NMR spectrometers.
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Affiliation(s)
- N G A Bell
- EastCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, King's Buildings, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, UK.
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23
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Jin J, Sun K, Wang Z, Han L, Wu F, Xing B. The effect of composition on stability ((14)C activity) of soil organic matter fractions from the albic and black soils. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 541:92-100. [PMID: 26402480 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2015] [Revised: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The importance of the composition of soil organic matter (SOM) for carbon (C) cycling is still under debate. Here a single soil source was used to examine the specific influence of its composition on stability ((14)C activity) of SOM fractions while constraining other influential C turnover factors such as mineral, climate and plant input. The following SOM fractions were isolated from two soil samples: four humic acids, two humins, non-hydrolyzable carbon, and the demineralized fraction. We examined the isotope ratios of SOM fractions in relation to composition (such as aliphatic and aromatic C content) using solid state (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and thermal analysis. The Δ(14)C values of the fractions isolated from both an albic soil (SOMs-A) and a black soil (SOMs-B) correlated negatively with their peak temperature of decomposition and the temperature where half of the total heat of reaction was evolved, implying a potential link between thermal and biogeochemical stability of SOM fractions. Aryl C contents of SOMs-A determined using (13)C NMR varied inversely with δ(15)N values and directly with δ(13)C values, suggesting that part of aryl C of SOMs-A might be fire-derived. The Δ(14)C values of SOMs-A correlated positively with aliphatic C content and negatively with aromatic C content. We therefore concluded that fire-derived aromatic C in SOMs-A appeared to be more stable than microbially-derived aliphatic C. The greater decomposition of SOMs-B fractions weakened the relationship of their Δ(14)C values with alkyl and aryl C contents. Hence, the role of the composition of SOM fractions in regulating stability might be dependent on the source of specific C forms and their stage of decomposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Ke Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Ziying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Lanfang Han
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Fengchang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Baoshan Xing
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
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24
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Poulsen LR, López-Marqués RL, Pedas PR, McDowell SC, Brown E, Kunze R, Harper JF, Pomorski TG, Palmgren M. A phospholipid uptake system in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Nat Commun 2015; 6:7649. [PMID: 26212235 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants use solar energy to produce lipids directly from inorganic elements and are not thought to require molecular systems for lipid uptake from the environment. Here we show that Arabidopsis thaliana Aminophospholipid ATPase10 (ALA10) is a P4-type ATPase flippase that internalizes exogenous phospholipids across the plasma membrane, after which they are rapidly metabolized. ALA10 expression and phospholipid uptake are high in the epidermal cells of the root tip and in guard cells, the latter of which regulate the size of stomatal apertures to modulate gas exchange. ALA10-knockout mutants exhibit reduced phospholipid uptake at the root tips and guard cells and are affected in growth and transpiration. The presence of a phospholipid uptake system in plants is surprising. Our results suggest that one possible physiological role of this system is to internalize lysophosphatidylcholine, a signalling lipid involved in root development and stomatal control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisbeth R Poulsen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Membrane Pumps in Cells and Disease-PUMPKIN, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Rosa L López-Marqués
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Membrane Pumps in Cells and Disease-PUMPKIN, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Pai R Pedas
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Membrane Pumps in Cells and Disease-PUMPKIN, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Stephen C McDowell
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, 1664 N. Virginia Street-MS330, Reno, Nevada 89557, USA
| | - Elizabeth Brown
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, 1664 N. Virginia Street-MS330, Reno, Nevada 89557, USA
| | - Reinhard Kunze
- Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences (DCPS), Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Biologie - Angewandte Genetik, Albrecht-Thaer-Weg 6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jeffrey F Harper
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, 1664 N. Virginia Street-MS330, Reno, Nevada 89557, USA
| | - Thomas G Pomorski
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Membrane Pumps in Cells and Disease-PUMPKIN, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Michael Palmgren
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Membrane Pumps in Cells and Disease-PUMPKIN, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
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25
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Organic matter source and degradation as revealed by molecular biomarkers in agricultural soils of Yuanyang terrace. Sci Rep 2015; 5:11074. [PMID: 26046574 PMCID: PMC4457134 DOI: 10.1038/srep11074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Three soils with different tillage activities were collected and compared for their organic matter sources and degradation. Two soils (TD and TP) with human activities showed more diverse of chemicals in both free lipids and CuO oxidation products than the one (NS) without human activities. Branched alkanoic acids only accounted for less than 5% of lipids, indicating limited microbial inputs in all three investigated soils. The degradation of lignin in NS and TD was relatively higher than TP, probably because of the chemical degradation, most likely UV light-involved photodegradation. Lignin parameters obtained from CuO oxidation products confirmed that woody gymnosperm tissue (such as pine trees) may be the main source for NS, while angiosperm tissues from vascular plant may be the predominant source for the lignins in TD and TP. Analysis of BPCAs illustrated that BC in NS may be mainly originated from soot or other fossil carbon sources, whereas BC in TD and TP may be produced during corn stalk and straw burning. BC was involved in mineral interactions for TD and TP. The dynamics of organic matter needs to be extensively examined for their nonideal interactions with contaminants.
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26
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Griepentrog M, Eglinton TI, Hagedorn F, Schmidt MWI, Wiesenberg GLB. Interactive effects of elevated CO2 and nitrogen deposition on fatty acid molecular and isotope composition of above- and belowground tree biomass and forest soil fractions. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2015; 21:473-486. [PMID: 24953725 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.12666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2013] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) and reactive nitrogen (N) concentrations have been increasing due to human activities and impact the global carbon (C) cycle by affecting plant photosynthesis and decomposition processes in soil. Large amounts of C are stored in plants and soils, but the mechanisms behind the stabilization of plant- and microbial-derived organic matter (OM) in soils are still under debate and it is not clear how N deposition affects soil OM dynamics. Here, we studied the effects of 4 years of elevated (13C-depleted) CO2 and N deposition in forest ecosystems established in open-top chambers on composition and turnover of fatty acids (FAs) in plants and soils. FAs served as biomarkers for plant- and microbial-derived OM in soil density fractions. We analyzed above- and belowground plant biomass of beech and spruce trees as well as soil density fractions for the total organic C and FA molecular and isotope (δ13C) composition. FAs did not accumulate relative to total organic C in fine mineral fractions, showing that FAs are not effectively stabilized by association with soil minerals. The δ13C values of FAs in plant biomass increased under high N deposition. However, the N effect was only apparent under elevated CO2 suggesting a N limitation of the system. In soil fractions, only isotope compositions of short-chain FAs (C16+18) were affected. Fractions of 'new' (experimental-derived) FAs were calculated using isotope depletion in elevated CO2 plots and decreased from free light to fine mineral fractions. 'New' FAs were higher in short-chain compared to long-chain FAs (C20-30), indicating a faster turnover of short-chain compared to long-chain FAs. Increased N deposition did not significantly affect the quantity of 'new' FAs in soil fractions, but showed a tendency of increased amounts of 'old' (pre-experimental) C suggesting that decomposition of 'old' C is retarded by high N inputs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Griepentrog
- Department of Geography, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich, 8057, Switzerland
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27
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Xu D, Zhao Y, Sun K, Gao B, Wang Z, Jin J, Zhang Z, Wang S, Yan Y, Liu X, Wu F. Cadmium adsorption on plant- and manure-derived biochar and biochar-amended sandy soils: impact of bulk and surface properties. CHEMOSPHERE 2014; 111:320-326. [PMID: 24997935 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.04.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2013] [Revised: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 04/13/2014] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the role of the bulk and surface composition of both biochar and biochar-amended soils in the adsorption of Cd(2+), as well as the influence of different biochars added to the soils on Cd(2+) adsorption, swine-manure-derived biochars (BSs) and wheat-straw-derived biochars (BWs) were produced at 300, 450, and 600°C. These biochars were added to a sandy soil to investigate the effect of biochars on the adsorption of Cd(2+) by soil. The significantly higher surface C content of the amended soils compared to their bulk C content suggests that the minerals of the biochar-amended soils are most likely covered primarily by biochars. The maximum adsorption capacity (Qmax,total) of the BSs was 10-15 times higher than that of the BWs due to the high polarity and ash content of the BSs. The polarity ((N+O)/C) of the low-temperature biochars greatly affected their Cd(2+) adsorption. The Qmax,total of the BS-amended soils increased with increasing dose, whereas the Qmax,total of the BW-amended soils showed the opposite behavior, which was attributed to the different surface composition characteristics of the two types of soil. The BSs were more effective in immobilizing Cd(2+) upon application to the soil relative to the BWs. This study elucidates the spatial distribution of biochars in biochar-amended soils and highlights the importance of the surface composition of the investigated samples in Cd(2+) adsorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyu Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Ye Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Ke Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Bo Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Ziying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Jie Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Zheyun Zhang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Shuifeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yu Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xitao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Fengchang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
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28
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Griepentrog M, Bodé S, Boeckx P, Hagedorn F, Heim A, Schmidt MWI. Nitrogen deposition promotes the production of new fungal residues but retards the decomposition of old residues in forest soil fractions. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2014; 20:327-340. [PMID: 23996910 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.12374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2013] [Accepted: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition has frequently been observed to increase soil carbon (C) storage in forests, but the underlying mechanisms still remain unclear. Changes in microbial community composition and substrate use are hypothesized to be one of the key mechanisms affected by N inputs. Here, we investigated the effects of N deposition on amino sugars, which are used as biomarkers for fungal- and bacterial-derived microbial residues in soil. We made use of a 4-year combined CO2 enrichment and N deposition experiment in model forest ecosystems, providing a distinct (13) C signal for 'new' and 'old' C in soil organic matter and microbial residues measured in density and particle-size fractions of soils. Our hypothesis was that N deposition decreases the amount of fungal residues in soils, with the new microbial residues being more strongly affected than old residues. The soil fractionation showed that organic matter and microbial residues are mainly stabilized by association with soil minerals in the heavy and fine fractions. Moreover, the bacterial residues are relatively enriched at mineral surfaces compared to fungal residues. The (13) C tracing indicated a greater formation of fungal residues compared to bacterial residues after 4 years of experiment. In contradiction to our hypotheses, N deposition significantly increased the amount of new fungal residues in bulk soil and decreased the decomposition of old microbial residues associated with soil minerals. The preservation of old microbial residues could be due to decreased N limitation of microorganisms and therefore a reduced dependence on organic N sources. This mechanism might be especially important in fine heavy fractions with low C/N ratios, where microbial residues are effectively protected from decomposition by association with soil minerals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Griepentrog
- Department of Geography, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich, 8057, Switzerland
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29
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Frei M. Lignin: characterization of a multifaceted crop component. ScientificWorldJournal 2013; 2013:436517. [PMID: 24348159 PMCID: PMC3848262 DOI: 10.1155/2013/436517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2013] [Accepted: 09/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lignin is a plant component with important implications for various agricultural disciplines. It confers rigidity to cell walls, and is therefore associated with tolerance to abiotic and biotic stresses and the mechanical stability of plants. In animal nutrition, lignin is considered an antinutritive component of forages as it cannot be readily fermented by rumen microbes. In terms of energy yield from biomass, the role of lignin depends on the conversion process. It contains more gross energy than other cell wall components and therefore confers enhanced heat value in thermochemical processes such as direct combustion. Conversely, it negatively affects biological energy conversion processes such as bioethanol or biogas production, as it inhibits microbial fermentation of the cell wall. Lignin from crop residues plays an important role in the soil organic carbon cycling, as it constitutes a recalcitrant carbon pool affecting nutrient mineralization and carbon sequestration. Due to the significance of lignin in several agricultural disciplines, the modification of lignin content and composition by breeding is becoming increasingly important. Both mapping of quantitative trait loci and transgenic approaches have been adopted to modify lignin in crops. However, breeding goals must be defined considering the conflicting role of lignin in different agricultural disciplines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Frei
- Division of Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Crops, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), University of Bonn, Karlrobert-Kreiten Straße 13, 53115 Bonn, Germany
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30
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Mitchell PJ, Simpson MJ. High affinity sorption domains in soil are blocked by polar soil organic matter components. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2013. [PMID: 23206246 DOI: 10.1021/es303853x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Reported correlations between organic contaminant sorption affinity and soil organic matter (OM) structure vary widely, suggesting the importance of OM physical conformation and accessibility. Batch equilibration experiments were used to examine the sorption affinity of bisphenol A, atrazine, and diuron to five soils of varying OM composition. (13)C cross-polarization magic angle spinning NMR spectroscopy was used to characterize the organic carbon chemistry of the soil samples. High sorption by a soil low in O-alkyl components suggested that these structures may block high affinity sorption sites in soil OM. As such, soil samples were subjected to acid hydrolysis, and NMR results showed a decrease in the O-alkyl carbon signal intensity for all soils. Subsequent sorption experiments revealed that organic carbon-normalized distribution coefficient (K(OC)) values increased for all three contaminants. Before hydrolysis, K(OC) values correlated positively with soil aromatic carbon content and negatively with polar soil O-alkyl carbon content. While these correlations were weaker after hydrolysis, the correlation between K(OC) values and soil alkyl carbon content improved. This study suggests that hydrolyzable O-alkyl soil OM components may block high affinity sorption sites and further highlights the importance of OM physical conformation and accessibility with respect to sorption processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perry J Mitchell
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental NMR Centre, University of Toronto, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, Ontario M1C 1A4, Canada
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