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Abd Elhaleem SM, Elsebaei F, Shalan S, Belal F. Investigating the Effect of Silver Nanoparticles on the Fluorescence Intensity of Bambuterol and its Active Metabolite Terbutaline Using FRET. J Fluoresc 2023; 33:1717-1725. [PMID: 36826730 PMCID: PMC10539440 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-023-03182-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were found to significantly quench the fluorescence of bambuterol hydrochloride (BAM) and its active metabolite terbutaline sulfate (TER). The intrinsic fluorescence intensity of each of BAM (at 264/292 nm) and TER (at 276/306 nm) decreased by the gradual addition of AgNPs. Quenching of the steady state fluorescence of BAM and TER probably resulted from the energy transfer to the photo-excited state of AgNPs. The estimated Stern-Volmer quenching constant at several temperature settings proved that the quenching mechanism of the two drugs was dynamic quenching in case of BAM while it was static quenching in case of TER. The number of binding sites, binding constants, and corresponding thermodynamic parameters depending on the interaction system were estimated at 293, 313, and 333 °K and the results obtained were interpreted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shymaa M Abd Elhaleem
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt.
| | - F Elsebaei
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Sh Shalan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - F Belal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
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2
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Usta HM, Forough M, Persil Çetinkol Ö. Coumarin 6H-fused fluorescent probe for highly sensitive detection of coralyne using oligonucleotide-modified silver nanoparticles. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:7299-7313. [PMID: 35976422 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-04282-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a novel, rapid, and sensitive fluorescence sensing platform was developed for the detection of coralyne (COR) by the conjugation of coumarin 6H (C6H) fluorescent dye with oligonucleotide-modified silver nanoparticles [(dT)32-AgNPs]. In the presence of COR, a remarkable and rapid decrease in the fluorescence signal of the probe with a quenching efficiency of around 62% was observed. The quenching response of the system towards COR was possibly due to the displacement of thymidine-rich deoxyoligonucleotides by COR on the surface of AgNPs. The complementary experiments with an adenine-rich single strand as well as with two different secondary structures (i.e., duplex and triplex) revealed a favorable sequence specificity of the sensing platform. The influence of key parameters including the incubation time and temperature was evaluated and optimized to achieve the highest performance. The linear range of 10-183 nM with a correlation coefficient of R = 0.9982 and a limit of detection of 5.24 nM were obtained under the optimized conditions. The selectivity of the proposed probe towards COR was revealed by the evaluation of its response to other small molecules that have molecular structures similar to COR. Finally, the successful applicability of the system was shown with the obtained average recoveries in the range of 87.28-104.52% in human urine samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatice Müge Usta
- Department of Chemistry, Middle East Technical University, 06800, Çankaya, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mehrdad Forough
- Department of Chemistry, Middle East Technical University, 06800, Çankaya, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Özgül Persil Çetinkol
- Department of Chemistry, Middle East Technical University, 06800, Çankaya, Ankara, Turkey.
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3
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Exploring the synthesis and characterization of fac-Re(CO)3L complexes using diethylenetriamine derivative functionalized at the central nitrogen. Inorganica Chim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2021.120291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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4
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Andraos C, Yu IJ, Gulumian M. Interference: A Much-Neglected Aspect in High-Throughput Screening of Nanoparticles. Int J Toxicol 2020; 39:397-421. [PMID: 32672081 DOI: 10.1177/1091581820938335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Despite several studies addressing nanoparticle (NP) interference with conventional toxicity assay systems, it appears that researchers still rely heavily on these assays, particularly for high-throughput screening (HTS) applications in order to generate "big" data for predictive toxicity approaches. Moreover, researchers often overlook investigating the different types of interference mechanisms as the type is evidently dependent on the type of assay system implemented. The approaches implemented in the literature appear to be not adequate as it often addresses only one type of interference mechanism with the exclusion of others. For example, interference of NPs that have entered cells would require intracellular assessment of their interference with fluorescent dyes, which has so far been neglected. The present study investigated the mechanisms of interference of gold NPs and silver NPs in assay systems implemented in HTS including optical interference as well as adsorption or catalysis. The conventional assays selected cover all optical read-out systems, that is, absorbance (XTT toxicity assay), fluorescence (CytoTox-ONE Homogeneous membrane integrity assay), and luminescence (CellTiter Glo luminescent assay). Furthermore, this study demonstrated NP quenching of fluorescent dyes also used in HTS (2',7'-dichlorofluorescein, propidium iodide, and 5,5',6,6'-tetrachloro-1,1',3,3'-tetraethyl-benzamidazolocarbocyanin iodide). To conclude, NP interference is, as such, not a novel concept, however, ignoring this aspect in HTS may jeopardize attempts in predictive toxicology. It should be mandatory to report the assessment of all mechanisms of interference within HTS, as well as to confirm results with label-free methodologies to ensure reliable big data generation for predictive toxicology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlene Andraos
- Toxicology Department, 71899National Institute for Occupational Health, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Il Je Yu
- HCTm CO, LTD, Majang-myeon, Icheon, South Korea
| | - Mary Gulumian
- Toxicology Department, 71899National Institute for Occupational Health, Johannesburg, South Africa.,Haematology and Molecular Medicine Department, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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5
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Ostermann M, Sauter A, Xue Y, Birkeland E, Schoelermann J, Holst B, Cimpan MR. Label-free impedance flow cytometry for nanotoxicity screening. Sci Rep 2020; 10:142. [PMID: 31924828 PMCID: PMC6954202 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56705-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of reliable and cost-efficient methods to assess the toxicity of nanomaterials (NMs) is critical for the proper identification of their impact on human health and for ensuring a safe progress of nanotechnology. In this study, we investigated the reliability and applicability of label-free impedance flow cytometry (IFC) for in vitro nanotoxicity screening, which avoids time-consuming labelling steps and minimizes possible NM-induced interferences. U937 human lymphoma cells were exposed for 24 h to eight different nanomaterials at five concentrations (2, 10, 20, 50, and 100 μg/mL). The NMs' effect on viability was measured using IFC and the results were compared to those obtained by trypan blue (TB) dye exclusion and conventional flow cytometry (FC). To discriminate viable from necrotic cells, the IFC measurement settings regarding signal trigger level and frequency, as well as the buffer composition, were optimised. A clear discrimination between viable and necrotic cells was obtained at 6 MHz in a sucrose-based measurement buffer. Nanomaterial-induced interferences were not detected for IFC. The IFC and TB assay results were in accordance for all NMs. The IFC was found to be robust, reliable and less prone to interferences due to the advantage of being label-free.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Ostermann
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Alexander Sauter
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Royal Norwegian Naval Academy, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ying Xue
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Eivind Birkeland
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Institute for Biochemistry, ETH, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Julia Schoelermann
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- BerGenBio ASA, Bergen, Norway
| | - Bodil Holst
- Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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6
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Mello DF, Trevisan R, Rivera N, Geitner NK, Di Giulio RT, Wiesner MR, Hsu-Kim H, Meyer JN. Caveats to the use of MTT, neutral red, Hoechst and Resazurin to measure silver nanoparticle cytotoxicity. Chem Biol Interact 2019; 315:108868. [PMID: 31669321 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.108868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The extensive use of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in manufactured products will inevitably increase environmental exposure, highlighting the importance of accurate toxicity assessments. A frequent strategy to estimate AgNP cytotoxicity is to use absorbance or fluorescent-based assays. In this study we report that AgNPs - with or without surface functionalizations (polyvinyl pyrrolidone or gum arabic), and of different sizes (2-15 nm) - can interfere with the spectrometric quantification of different dyes commonly used in cytotoxicity assays, such as 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), neutral red (NR), Hoechst, and Resazurin. Some AgNP types caused more interference than others, which was dependent on the assay. Overall most AgNPs caused the direct reduction of MTT, as well as Hoechst and NR fluorescence quenching, and absorbed light at the same wavelength as NR. None of the AgNPs tested caused the direct reduction of Resazurin; however, depending on AgNP characteristics and concentration, they may still promote fluorescence quenching of this dye. Our results show that AgNPs with different size and coatings can interfere with spectroscopy-based assays to different degrees, suggesting that their cytotoxicity may be underestimated or overestimated. We suggest that when using any spectroscopy-based assay it is essential that each individual nanoparticle formulation be tested first for potential interferences at all intended concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle F Mello
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Box 90328, Durham, NC, 27708- 0328, USA.
| | - Rafael Trevisan
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Box 90328, Durham, NC, 27708- 0328, USA.
| | - Nelson Rivera
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Duke University, Box 90287, Durham, NC, 27708-0287, USA.
| | - Nicholas K Geitner
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Duke University, Box 90287, Durham, NC, 27708-0287, USA.
| | - Richard T Di Giulio
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Box 90328, Durham, NC, 27708- 0328, USA.
| | - Mark R Wiesner
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Duke University, Box 90287, Durham, NC, 27708-0287, USA.
| | - Heileen Hsu-Kim
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Duke University, Box 90287, Durham, NC, 27708-0287, USA.
| | - Joel N Meyer
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Box 90328, Durham, NC, 27708- 0328, USA.
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7
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Ripolles-Avila C, Martinez-Garcia M, Hascoët AS, Rodríguez-Jerez JJ. Bactericidal efficacy of UV activated TiO2 nanoparticles against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria on suspension. CYTA - JOURNAL OF FOOD 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/19476337.2019.1590461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Ripolles-Avila
- Hygiene and Food Inspection Unit, Department of Food and Animal Sciences, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Martinez-Garcia
- Hygiene and Food Inspection Unit, Department of Food and Animal Sciences, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anne-Sophie Hascoët
- Hygiene and Food Inspection Unit, Department of Food and Animal Sciences, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Juan Rodríguez-Jerez
- Hygiene and Food Inspection Unit, Department of Food and Animal Sciences, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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8
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Pem B, González-Mancebo D, Moros M, Ocaña M, Becerro AI, Pavičić I, Selmani A, Babič M, Horák D, Vinković Vrček I. Biocompatibility assessment of up-and down-converting nanoparticles: implications of interferences with in vitro assays. Methods Appl Fluoresc 2018; 7:014001. [DOI: 10.1088/2050-6120/aae9c8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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9
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Charles S, Jomini S, Fessard V, Bigorgne-Vizade E, Rousselle C, Michel C. Assessment of the in vitro genotoxicity of TiO2 nanoparticles in a regulatory context. Nanotoxicology 2018; 12:357-374. [DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2018.1451567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandrine Charles
- ANSES, Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire de l’alimentation, de l’environnement et du Travail, Direction de l’Evaluation des Risques, Unité Evaluation des Substances Chimiques, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Stéphane Jomini
- ANSES, Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire de l’alimentation, de l’environnement et du Travail, Direction de l’Evaluation des Risques, Unité Evaluation des Substances Chimiques, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Valérie Fessard
- ANSES, Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire de l’alimentation, de l’environnement et du Travail, Laboratoire de Fougères, Unité Toxicologie des Contaminants, Javené, France
| | - Emilie Bigorgne-Vizade
- ANSES, Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire de l’alimentation, de l’environnement et du Travail, Direction de l’Evaluation des Risques, Unité Evaluation des Substances Chimiques, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Christophe Rousselle
- ANSES, Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire de l’alimentation, de l’environnement et du Travail, Direction de l’Evaluation des Risques, Unité Evaluation des Substances Chimiques, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Cécile Michel
- ANSES, Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire de l’alimentation, de l’environnement et du Travail, Direction de l’Evaluation des Risques, Unité Evaluation des Substances Chimiques, Maisons-Alfort, France
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10
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Silver nanoparticles: Significance of physicochemical properties and assay interference on the interpretation of in vitro cytotoxicity studies. Toxicol In Vitro 2016; 38:179-192. [PMID: 27816503 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2016.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Revised: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have generated a great deal of interest in the research, consumer product, and medical product communities due to their antimicrobial and anti-biofouling properties. However, in addition to their antimicrobial action, concerns have been expressed about the potential adverse human health effects of AgNPs. In vitro cytotoxicity studies often are used to characterize the biological response to AgNPs and the results of these studies may be used to identify hazards associated with exposure to AgNPs. Various factors, such as nanomaterial size (diameter), surface area, surface charge, redox potential, surface functionalization, and composition play a role in the development of toxicity in in vitro test systems. In addition, the interference of AgNPs with in vitro cytotoxicity assays may result in false negative or false positive results in some in vitro biological tests. The goal of this review is to: 1) summarize the impact of physical-chemical parameters, including size, shape, surface chemistry and aggregate formation on the in vitro cytotoxic effects of AgNPs; and 2) explore the nature of AgNPs interference in in vitro cytotoxicity assays.
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11
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Kasyanenko N, Bakulev V, Perevyazko I, Nekrasova T, Nazarova O, Slita A, Zolotova Y, Panarin E. Model system for multifunctional delivery nanoplatforms based on DNA-Polymer complexes containing silver nanoparticles and fluorescent dye. J Biotechnol 2016; 236:78-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2016.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Revised: 08/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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12
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Li Y, Doak SH, Yan J, Chen DH, Zhou M, Mittelstaedt RA, Chen Y, Li C, Chen T. Factors affecting the in vitro micronucleus assay for evaluation of nanomaterials. Mutagenesis 2016; 32:151-159. [PMID: 27567283 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/gew040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
A number of in vitro methodologies have been used to assess the genotoxicity of different nanomaterials, including titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). The in vitro micronucleus assay is one of the most commonly used test methods for genotoxicity evaluation of nanomaterials. However, due to the novel features of nanomaterials, such as high adsorption capacity and fluorescence properties, there are unexpected interactions with experimental components and detection systems. In this study, we evaluate the interference by two nanoparticles, AgNPs and TiO2 NPs, with the in vitro micronucleus assay system and possible confounding factors affecting cytotoxicity and genotoxicity assessment of the nanomaterials including cell lines with different p53 status, nanoparticle coatings and fluorescence, cytochalasin B, fetal bovine serum in cell treatment medium and different measurement methodologies for detecting micronuclei. Our results showed that micronucleus induction by AgNPs was similar when evaluated using flow cytometry or microscope, whereas the induction by TiO2 NPs was different using the two methods due to TiO2's fluorescence interference with the cytometry equipment. Cells with the mutated p53 gene were more sensitive to micronucleus induction by AgNPs than the p53 wild-type cells. The presence of serum during treatment increased the toxicity of AgNPs. The coatings of nanoparticles played an important role in the genotoxicity of AgNPs. These collective data highlight the importance of considering the unique properties of nanoparticles in assessing their genotoxicity using the in vitro micronucleus assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Rd., Jefferson, AR 72079, USA.,Covance Laboratories Inc. 671 S. Meridian Rd., Greenfield, IN 46140, USA
| | - Shareen H Doak
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, Wales, UK
| | - Jian Yan
- Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Rd., Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
| | - David H Chen
- Columbia College, Columbia University in the City of New York, 2960 Broadway, New York, NY 10027, USA and
| | - Min Zhou
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1881 East Road, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Roberta A Mittelstaedt
- Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Rd., Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
| | - Ying Chen
- Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Rd., Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
| | - Chun Li
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1881 East Road, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Tao Chen
- Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Rd., Jefferson, AR 72079, USA,
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13
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Subiel A, Ashmore R, Schettino G. Standards and Methodologies for Characterizing Radiobiological Impact of High-Z Nanoparticles. Theranostics 2016; 6:1651-71. [PMID: 27446499 PMCID: PMC4955064 DOI: 10.7150/thno.15019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Research on the application of high-Z nanoparticles (NPs) in cancer treatment and diagnosis has recently been the subject of growing interest, with much promise being shown with regards to a potential transition into clinical practice. In spite of numerous publications related to the development and application of nanoparticles for use with ionizing radiation, the literature is lacking coherent and systematic experimental approaches to fully evaluate the radiobiological effectiveness of NPs, validate mechanistic models and allow direct comparison of the studies undertaken by various research groups. The lack of standards and established methodology is commonly recognised as a major obstacle for the transition of innovative research ideas into clinical practice. This review provides a comprehensive overview of radiobiological techniques and quantification methods used in in vitro studies on high-Z nanoparticles and aims to provide recommendations for future standardization for NP-mediated radiation research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Subiel
- ✉ Corresponding author: +44 (0)20 8943 8548; ; National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, Middlesex, TW11 0LW, UK
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14
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Şenol AM, Metin Ö, Acar M, Onganer Y, Meral K. The interaction of fluorescent Pyronin Y molecules with monodisperse silver nanoparticles in chloroform. J Mol Struct 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2015.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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15
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Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) present in the environment and in consumer products can cause immunotoxic effects. The immune system is very complex, and in vivo studies are the gold standard for evaluation. Due to the increased amount of NPs that are being developed, cellular screening assays to decrease the amount of NPs that have to be tested in vivo are highly needed. Effects on the unspecific immune system, such as effects on phagocytes, might be suitable for screening for immunotoxicity because these cells mediate unspecific and specific immune responses. They are present at epithelial barriers, in the blood, and in almost all organs. This review summarizes the effects of carbon, metal, and metal oxide NPs used in consumer and medical applications (gold, silver, titanium dioxide, silica dioxide, zinc oxide, and carbon nanotubes) and polystyrene NPs on the immune system. Effects in animal exposures through different routes are compared to the effects on isolated phagocytes. In addition, general problems in the testing of NPs, such as unknown exposure doses, as well as interference with assays are mentioned. NPs appear to induce a specific immunotoxic pattern consisting of the induction of inflammation in normal animals and aggravation of pathologies in disease models. The evaluation of particle action on several phagocyte functions in vitro may provide an indication on the potency of the particles to induce immunotoxicity in vivo. In combination with information on realistic exposure levels, in vitro studies on phagocytes may provide useful information on the health risks of NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonore Fröhlich
- Center for Medical Research, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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16
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Vinković Vrček I, Pavičić I, Crnković T, Jurašin D, Babič M, Horák D, Lovrić M, Ferhatović L, Ćurlin M, Gajović S. Does surface coating of metallic nanoparticles modulate their interference with in vitro assays? RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra14100a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Experimental setup for in vitro evaluation of metallic nanoparticles where interferences depend on metal core, surface coating, and the test system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ivan Pavičić
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health
- 10 000 Zagreb
- Croatia
| | - Tea Crnković
- Faculty for Pharmacy and Biochemistry
- University of Zagreb
- 10 000 Zagreb
- Croatia
| | - Darija Jurašin
- Division of Physical Chemistry
- Ruđer Bošković Institute
- 10 000 Zagreb
- Croatia
| | - Michal Babič
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry
- Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic
- 162 06 Prague 6
- Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Horák
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry
- Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic
- 162 06 Prague 6
- Czech Republic
| | - Marija Lovrić
- School of Medicine
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research
- University of Zagreb
- 10 000 Zagreb
- Croatia
| | - Lejla Ferhatović
- School of Medicine
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research
- University of Zagreb
- 10 000 Zagreb
- Croatia
| | - Marija Ćurlin
- School of Medicine
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research
- University of Zagreb
- 10 000 Zagreb
- Croatia
| | - Srećko Gajović
- School of Medicine
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research
- University of Zagreb
- 10 000 Zagreb
- Croatia
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17
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Kedia N, Roy SG, De P, Bagchi S. Synthesis of a polymer bearing several coumarin dyes along the side chain and study of its fluorescence in pure and binary solvent mixtures as well as aqueous surfactant solutions. J Phys Chem B 2014; 118:4683-92. [PMID: 24712342 DOI: 10.1021/jp4127557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A copolymer bearing several pendent dyes (coumarin derivatives) along the side chain has been synthesized, and its fluorescence parameters have been monitored in pure solvents and also as a function of composition of binary solvent mixtures. Fluorescence parameters (the maximum energy of fluorescence, quantum yield, and rate constant for the decay of the excited state) of the free fluorophore show significant dependence on the nature of the immediate environment around it. The value of a parameter measured in neat solvent for the fluorophore covalently bound to the polymer is different from that of the free fluorophore, indicating that the polymer chain influences the spectroscopic properties of the dye. Whereas the energy of maximum fluorescence of the free fluorophore shows a nonlinear correlation with the solvent composition of solvent mixtures, an almost linear correlation has been observed for the polymer. A significant variation of photophysical parameters of the dye dissolved in binary solvent mixtures, which is different from that of the free fluorophore, has been observed. Thus, the free fluorophore and the fluorophore bound to the polymer sense different environments in binary solvent mixtures. A dramatic variation of fluorescence intensity of the fluorophore bound to the polymer has been observed when sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) is added to an aqueous solution of the polymer. The results have been explained in terms of the existence of different species (polymer, polymer-SDS aggregates, micelles) in equilibrium in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niraja Kedia
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata , Mohanpur Campus, BCKV Main P.O., Nadia 741252, West Bengal, India
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Amjadi M, Farzampour L. Selective turn-on fluorescence assay of 6-thioguanine by using harmine-modified silver nanoparticles. LUMINESCENCE 2013; 29:689-94. [DOI: 10.1002/bio.2612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2013] [Revised: 10/15/2013] [Accepted: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Amjadi
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry; University of Tabriz; Tabriz 5166616471 Iran
| | - Leila Farzampour
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry; University of Tabriz; Tabriz 5166616471 Iran
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Suitability of cell-based label-free detection for cytotoxicity screening of carbon nanotubes. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:564804. [PMID: 24377092 PMCID: PMC3860081 DOI: 10.1155/2013/564804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2013] [Revised: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 11/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cytotoxicity testing of nanoparticles (NPs) by conventional screening assays is often complicated by interference. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are particularly difficult to assess. To test the suitability of cell-based label-free techniques for this application, a panel of CNTs with different diameters and surface functionalizations was assessed by impedance-based technique (xCELLigence RTCA) and automated microscopy (Cell-IQ) compared to formazan bioreduction (MTS assay). For validation of the label-free systems different concentrations of ethanol and of amine (AMI) polystyrene NPs were used. CNTs were evaluated in various cell lines, but only endothelial EAhy926 cells and L929 and V79 fibroblasts could be evaluated in all systems. Polystyrene particles obtained similar results in all assays. All systems identified thin (<8 nm) CNTs as more cytotoxic than thick (>20 nm) CNTs, but detection by xCELLigence system was less sensitive to CNT-induced cytotoxicity. Despite advantages, such as continuous monitoring and more detailed analysis of cytotoxic effects, label-free techniques cannot be generally recommended for cytotoxicity screening of NPs.
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Herb JT, Anderson BD. Investigating the binding of acridine, acridine orange, and acridine yellow G to humic acid through fluorescence quenching. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2013; 67:752-756. [PMID: 23816127 DOI: 10.1366/12-06795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A fluorescence quenching method was used to determine the equilibrium binding constants for the association of acridine, acridine orange, and acridine yellow G to humic acid. The fluorescence of each polycyclic aromatic nitrogen heterocycle (PANH) was monitored as aliquots of humic acid were added, and a Stern-Volmer plot was produced in which the slope is the equilibrium constant of the binding reaction. The quenching experiments were performed at temperatures of 30, 35, 40, and 45 °C. A van't Hoff plot generated from the equilibrium binding constants as a function of temperature for a given PANH resulted in a linear plot. Calculation of the ΔHbinding, ΔGbinding, and ΔSbinding for each PANH leads to the conclusion that the equilibrium binding constant, and ΔGbinding, may be predictors of bioavailability. The other thermodynamic quantities, ΔHbinding and ΔSbinding, are helpful in understanding the relative binding of the compounds. For example, acridine yellow G appears to be the least bioavailable of the three PANHs studied because of its strong ΔHbinding = -29.8 kJ/mol, which leads to ΔGbinding = -0.71 kJ/mol. While acridine orange and acridine have similar ΔHbinding values, acridine orange is more likely to bind to humic acid because the ΔSbinding for the process is less negative. Thermodynamic values and equilibrium binding constants for all three compounds are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake T Herb
- Muhlenberg College, Department of Chemistry, 2400 W. Chew Street, Allentown, PA 18104, USA
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Darolles C, Sage N, Armengaud J, Malard V. In vitro assessment of cobalt oxide particle toxicity: identifying and circumventing interference. Toxicol In Vitro 2013; 27:1699-710. [PMID: 23624240 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2013.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2012] [Revised: 02/25/2013] [Accepted: 04/05/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The continuing development of nanotechnology necessitates the reliable assessment of potential adverse health consequences associated with human exposures. The physicochemical properties of nanomaterials can be responsible for unexpected interactions with components of classical toxicity assays, which may generate erroneous interpretations. In this paper, we describe how particle interference can be observed in in vitro toxicity tests (CellTiter Blue, CyQUANT, WST-1 and CellTiter-Glo assay) and in cell biology tests using flow cytometry (cell cycle analysis). We used cobalt oxide (Co3O4) particles as an example, but these assays can be performed, in principle, regardless of the nanoparticle considered. We have shown that cobalt particles interfere with most of these tests. We adapted the protocol of the CellTiter-Glo assay to circumvent this interference and demonstrated that, using this protocol, the toxicity level is consistent with results obtained using the clonogenic assay, which is considered to be the reference test. Before assessing particle toxicity using in vitro toxicity tests, interference testing should be performed to avoid false interpretations. Furthermore, in some cases of interference, protocol adaptation can be considered to allow the reliable use of these quick and convenient in vitro tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carine Darolles
- CEA, DSV, IBEB, Lab Biochim System Perturb, Bagnols-sur-Cèze F-30207, France
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22
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Aranda A, Sequedo L, Tolosa L, Quintas G, Burello E, Castell J, Gombau L. Dichloro-dihydro-fluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) assay: A quantitative method for oxidative stress assessment of nanoparticle-treated cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2013; 27:954-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2013.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 251] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2012] [Revised: 10/24/2012] [Accepted: 01/11/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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23
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Farokhcheh A, Alizadeh N. Effect of silver nanoparticles concentration on the metal enhancement and quenching of ciprofloxacin fluorescence intensity. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-012-0215-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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24
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Donovalová J, Cigáň M, Stankovičová H, Gašpar J, Danko M, Gáplovský A, Hrdlovič P. Spectral properties of substituted coumarins in solution and polymer matrices. Molecules 2012; 17:3259-76. [PMID: 22418928 PMCID: PMC6268095 DOI: 10.3390/molecules17033259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2012] [Revised: 03/07/2012] [Accepted: 03/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The absorption and fluorescence spectra of substituted coumarins (2-oxo-2H-chromenes) were investigated in solvents and in polymer matrices. The substitutions involved were: (1) by groups with varying electron donating ability such as CH3, OCH3 and N(CH3)2, mainly, but not exclusively, in positions 7 and (2), by either CHO or 4-PhNHCONHN=CH- in position 3. While the spectra of non-substituted coumarin-3-carbaldehyde has absorptions at approximately 305 and 350 nm, substitution at position 7 leads to remarkable changes in the shape of the absorption spectrum and shifts the absorption to a longer wavelength. Similarly, the replacement of the formyl group with a semicarbazide group substantially influences the shape of the absorption spectrum, and coumarins which have only N(CH3)2 in position 7 experience small changes. These changes are associated with the increasing intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) character and increasing conjugation length of the chromophoric system, respectively, in the studied molecules. The fluorescence is almost negligible for derivatives which have H in this position. With increasing electron donating ability, and the possibility of a positive mesomeric (+M) effect of the substituent in position 7 of the coumarin moiety, the fluorescence increases, and this increase is most intense when N(CH3)2 substitutes in this position, for both 3-substituted derivatives. Spectral measurements of the studied coumarins in polymer matrices revealed that the absorption and fluorescence maxima lay within the maxima for solvents, and that coumarins yield more intense fluorescence in polymer matrices than when they are in solution. The quantum yield of derivatives which have a dimethylamino group in position 7 in polymer matrices approaches 1, and the fluorescence lifetime is within the range of 0.5–4 ns. The high quantum yield of 7-dimethylamino derivatives qualifies them as laser dyes which have kF higher than knr in the given medium. This is caused by stiffening of the coumarin structure in polar polymer matrices, such as PMMA and PVC, due to higher micro-viscosity than in solution and intermolecular dipole-dipole interaction between chromophore (dopant) and matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Donovalová
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Comenius University, Mlynská dolina CH-2, SK-842 15 Bratislava, Slovak Republic; (M.C.); (H.S.); (J.G.); (A.G.); (P.H.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; ; Tel.: +421-2-6029-6306; Fax: +421-2-6029-6337
| | - Marek Cigáň
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Comenius University, Mlynská dolina CH-2, SK-842 15 Bratislava, Slovak Republic; (M.C.); (H.S.); (J.G.); (A.G.); (P.H.)
| | - Henrieta Stankovičová
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Comenius University, Mlynská dolina CH-2, SK-842 15 Bratislava, Slovak Republic; (M.C.); (H.S.); (J.G.); (A.G.); (P.H.)
| | - Jan Gašpar
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Comenius University, Mlynská dolina CH-2, SK-842 15 Bratislava, Slovak Republic; (M.C.); (H.S.); (J.G.); (A.G.); (P.H.)
| | - Martin Danko
- Polymer Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 845 41 Bratislava, Dúbravská cesta 9, Slovak Republic;
| | - Anton Gáplovský
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Comenius University, Mlynská dolina CH-2, SK-842 15 Bratislava, Slovak Republic; (M.C.); (H.S.); (J.G.); (A.G.); (P.H.)
| | - Pavol Hrdlovič
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Comenius University, Mlynská dolina CH-2, SK-842 15 Bratislava, Slovak Republic; (M.C.); (H.S.); (J.G.); (A.G.); (P.H.)
- Polymer Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 845 41 Bratislava, Dúbravská cesta 9, Slovak Republic;
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25
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Kroll A, Pillukat MH, Hahn D, Schnekenburger J. Interference of engineered nanoparticles with in vitro toxicity assays. Arch Toxicol 2012; 86:1123-36. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-012-0837-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2011] [Accepted: 03/01/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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26
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Hall SR, Collins AM, Wood NJ, Ogasawara W, Morad M, Miedziak PJ, Sankar M, Knight DW, Hutchings GJ. Biotemplated synthesis of catalytic Au–Pd nanoparticles. RSC Adv 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ra01336c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Fröhlich E, Meindl C, Roblegg E, Griesbacher A, Pieber TR. Cytotoxity of nanoparticles is influenced by size, proliferation and embryonic origin of the cells used for testing. Nanotoxicology 2011; 6:424-39. [DOI: 10.3109/17435390.2011.586478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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29
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Patra D, Malaeb NN. Fluorescence modulation of 1,7-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1,6-heptadiene-3,5-dione by silver nanoparticles and its possible analytical application. LUMINESCENCE 2011; 27:11-5. [DOI: 10.1002/bio.1313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2010] [Revised: 02/18/2011] [Accepted: 04/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Digambara Patra
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences; American University of Beirut; Lebanon
| | - Nagham N. Malaeb
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences; American University of Beirut; Lebanon
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30
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Hrdlovic P, Donovalova J, Stankovicova H, Gaplovsky A. Influence of polarity of solvents on the spectral properties of bichromophoric coumarins. Molecules 2010; 15:8915-32. [PMID: 21139531 PMCID: PMC6259138 DOI: 10.3390/molecules15128915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2010] [Revised: 12/01/2010] [Accepted: 12/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Absorption and fluorescence spectra of bichromophoric coumarins were investigated in different solvents and in polymer matrices. These bichromophoric coumarins were composed of a coumarin dimethylamino-substituted at position 7 or unsubstituted coumarin and phthalimide or a 1,8-naphthylimide linked with an iminomethyl bridge to the position 3 or 8 of the coumarin ring. Absorption spectra of 7-dimethylamino derivatives in position 3 of coumarin were quite similar, exhibiting broad bands around 430-440 nm like the parent compound 7-dimethylaminocoumarin-3-carbaldehyde. For coumarin derivatives substituted in position 8, the absorption maximum was shifted to shorter wavelength as for derivatives without position 7 dimethylamino substitution. The most intense fluorescence was observed for 7-(N,N-dimethylamino)-3-[(N-phtalimidoyl)iminomethyl]coumarin in polar solvent, while intense fluorescence was observed for 7-(N,N-dimethylamino)-3-[N-(1,3-dioxobenz[de]isoquinolinyl)iminomethyl]-coumarin in non polar solvent (chloroform), comparable with the fluorescence of 7-amino-4-methylcoumarin. Spectral measurements of bichromophoric coumarins in polymer matrices revealed that the maxima lies in between those for chloroform and methanol yielding more intense fluorescence then in solutions. Completely different solvent effects were observed for 7-(N,N-dimethylamino)-3-[N-(1,3-dioxobenz[de]isoquinolinyl)imino-methyl]coumarin and 7-(N,N-dimethylamino)-3-[(N-phtalimidoyl)iminomethyl]coumarin. With addition of polar methanol the intensity of fluorescence decreases, yielding a Stern-Volmer-like constant of 0.54 dm³ mol⁻¹ for 7-(N,N-dimethylamino)-3-[N-(1,3-dioxo-benz[de]isoquinolinyl)iminomethyl]coumarin and an even higher one of 1.08 dm³·mol⁻¹ for 7-dimethylaminocoumarin-3-carbaldehyde compared to the rather low one of 0.024 dm³ mol⁻¹ for 7-amino-4-methylcoumarin. Contrary to this, addition of methanol under identical conditions brings about an increase in fluorescence intensity of 7-(N,N-dimethylamino)-3-[(N-phtalimidoyl)iminomethyl]coumarin (about 60-fold). The reasons for these different solvent effects are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavol Hrdlovic
- Polymer Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 842 36 Bratislava, Dúbravska cesta 9, Slovakia; E-Mail: (P.H.)
| | - Jana Donovalova
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Mlynska dolina CH-2, SK-842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia; E-Mails: (H.S); (A.G.)
| | - Henrieta Stankovicova
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Mlynska dolina CH-2, SK-842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia; E-Mails: (H.S); (A.G.)
| | - Anton Gaplovsky
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Mlynska dolina CH-2, SK-842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia; E-Mails: (H.S); (A.G.)
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Exploring water-soluble Pt(II) complexes of diethylenetriamine derivatives functionalized at the central nitrogen. Synthesis, characterization, and reaction with 5′-GMP. Inorganica Chim Acta 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2010.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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32
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Doak SH, Griffiths SM, Manshian B, Singh N, Williams PM, Brown AP, Jenkins GJS. Confounding experimental considerations in nanogenotoxicology. Mutagenesis 2009; 24:285-93. [PMID: 19351890 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/gep010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of novel nanomaterials with unique physico-chemical properties is increasing at a rapid rate, with potential applications across a broad range of manufacturing industries and consumer products. Nanomaterial safety is therefore becoming an increasingly contentious issue that has intensified over the past 4 years, and in response, a steady stream of studies focusing on nanotoxicology are emerging. However, it is becoming increasingly evident that nanomaterials cannot be treated in the same manner as chemical compounds with regards to their safety assessment, as their unique physico-chemical properties are also responsible for unexpected interactions with experimental components that generate misleading data-sets. In this report, we focus on nanomaterial interactions with colorimetric and fluorometric dyes, components of cell culture growth medium and genotoxicity assay components, and the resultant consequences on test systems are demonstrated. Thus, highlighting some of the potential confounding factors that need to be considered in order to ensure that in vitro genotoxicity assays report true biological impacts in response to nanomaterial exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Doak
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University, Wales, UK.
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Choi O, Deng KK, Kim NJ, Ross L, Surampalli RY, Hu Z. The inhibitory effects of silver nanoparticles, silver ions, and silver chloride colloids on microbial growth. WATER RESEARCH 2008; 42:3066-74. [PMID: 18359055 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2008.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 718] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2007] [Revised: 02/22/2008] [Accepted: 02/26/2008] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Emerging nanomaterials are of great concern to wastewater treatment utilities and the environment. The inhibitory effects of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) and other important Ag species on microbial growth were evaluated using extant respirometry and an automatic microtiter fluorescence assay. Using autotrophic nitrifying organisms from a well-controlled continuously operated bioreactor, Ag NPs (average size=14+/-6 nm), Ag(+) ions (AgNO(3)), and AgCl colloids (average size=0.25 microm), all at 1mg/L Ag, inhibited respiration by 86+/-3%, 42+/-7%, and 46+/-4%, respectively. Based on a prolonged microtiter assay, at about 0.5mg/L Ag, the inhibitions on the growth of Escherichia coli PHL628-gfp by Ag NPs, Ag(+) ions, and AgCl colloids were 55+/-8%, 100%, and 66+/-6%, respectively. Cell membrane integrity was not compromised under the treatment of test Ag species by using a LIVE/DEAD Baclight bacterial viability assay. However, electron micrographs demonstrated that Ag NPs attached to the microbial cells, probably causing cell wall pitting. The results suggest that nitrifying bacteria are especially susceptible to inhibition by Ag NPs, and the accumulation of Ag NPs could have detrimental effects on the microorganisms in wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Okkyoung Choi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Missouri, E2509 Lafferre Hall, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
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