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Xia M, Yang R, Zhao N, Chen X, Dong M, Chen J. A Method of Water COD Retrieval Based on 1D CNN and 2D Gabor Transform for Absorption-Fluorescence Spectra. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:1128. [PMID: 37374713 DOI: 10.3390/mi14061128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) is one of the indicators of organic pollution in water bodies. The rapid and accurate detection of COD is of great significance to environmental protection. To address the problem of COD retrieval errors in the absorption spectrum method for fluorescent organic matter solutions, a rapid synchronous COD retrieval method for the absorption-fluorescence spectrum is proposed. Based on a one-dimensional convolutional neural network and 2D Gabor transform, an absorption-fluorescence spectrum fusion neural network algorithm is developed to improve the accuracy of water COD retrieval. Results show that the RRMSEP of the absorption-fluorescence COD retrieval method is 0.32% in amino acid aqueous solution, which is 84% lower than that of the single absorption spectrum method. The accuracy of COD retrieval is 98%, which is 15.3% higher than that of the single absorption spectrum method. The test results on the actual sampled water spectral dataset demonstrate that the fusion network outperformed the absorption spectrum CNN network in measuring COD accuracy, with the RRMSEP improving from 5.09% to 1.15%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Xia
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
- Science Island Branch of Graduate School, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Ruifang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Nanjing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Xiaowei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Ming Dong
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
- Science Island Branch of Graduate School, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Jingsong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
- Science Island Branch of Graduate School, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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Sururi MR, Dirgawati M, Notodarmojo S, Roosmini D, Putra PS, Rahman AD, Wiguna CC. Chromophoric dissolved organic compounds in urban watershed and conventional water treatment process: evidence from fluorescence spectroscopy and PARAFAC. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:37248-37262. [PMID: 36571688 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24787-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the origin, quantity, and composition of chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) from two urbanized watersheds (Cikapundung and Cimahi River), examine how CDOM compounds and absorbances change along the process of two different conventional WTPs (WTP Dago and Cimahi) using PARAFAC, and identify absorbance as potential surrogate parameters for CDOM compounds. Samples were collected from intake, secondary treatment, and filter outlets. PARAFAC was conducted based on two data scenarios: (1) from rainy and dry seasons in Cikapundung river and WTP Dago and (2) from the two rivers and two WTPs during rainy season. Tryptophan-like (C1A) and humic-like (C2A) compounds were identified based on scenario-1 analysis. For scenario-2, humic-like (C1B), peak-M (C2B), and tryptophan-like (C3B) were the main compounds. CDOM compound quantity is consistent with the fluorescence index (FI) and biological index (BIX) which confirmed sewage and animal manure pollution in both watersheds. The best overall removal of CDOM compound occurred in WTP Dago in rainy season. The high concentration of tryptophan-like in Cikapundung River in dry season and in Cimahi River in rainy season has worsen the WTP capability to reduce CDOM. Scenario-1 has shown that in WTP Dago, the potential surrogate parameter for C1A was A240 in rainy season (r = 0.60; p < 0.01) and A410 in dry season (r = - 0.43, p < 0.05). Based on scenario-2, for the WTP Dago in rainy season, C1B strongly correlated with A254 (r = 0.86; p < 0.01), C2B has the strongest correlation with A298 (r = 0.93; p < 0.01), and C3B correlated well with A240 (r = 0.59; p < 0.01). In WTP Cimahi, during rainy season, all compounds correlated well with all measured absorbances, with the strongest correlation with A298.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Rangga Sururi
- Environmental Engineering Department, Institut Teknologi Nasional Bandung, Jl. PHH Mustafa No. 23, Bandung, Indonesia, 40124
| | - Mila Dirgawati
- Environmental Engineering Department, Institut Teknologi Nasional Bandung, Jl. PHH Mustafa No. 23, Bandung, Indonesia, 40124.
| | - Suprihanto Notodarmojo
- Environmental Engineering Department, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jl. Ganesha No. 10, Bandung, Indonesia, 40132
| | - Dwina Roosmini
- Environmental Engineering Department, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jl. Ganesha No. 10, Bandung, Indonesia, 40132
| | - Prama Setia Putra
- Mathematics Department, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jl. Ganesha No. 10, Bandung, Indonesia, 40132
| | - Adam Dzaky Rahman
- Environmental Engineering Department, Institut Teknologi Nasional Bandung, Jl. PHH Mustafa No. 23, Bandung, Indonesia, 40124
| | - Chairul Candra Wiguna
- Environmental Engineering Department, Institut Teknologi Nasional Bandung, Jl. PHH Mustafa No. 23, Bandung, Indonesia, 40124
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Li C, Zhu B, Zhao X, Wang Y, Weng J, Liu F, Zhao R, Lu J, Shang Y. Enhanced treatment effect and universality of novel ARAO coupling process on municipal sewage: a pilot study. Biochem Eng J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2022.108776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Abstract
The widespread application of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy in detection is currently hampered by its inherently low sensitivity and complications resulting from the undesired signal overlap. Here, we report a detection scheme to address these challenges, where analytes are recognized by 19F-labeled probes to induce characteristic shifts of 19F resonances that can be used as "chromatographic" signatures to pin down each low-concentration analyte in complex mixtures. This unique signal transduction mechanism allows detection sensitivity to be enhanced by using massive chemically equivalent 19F atoms, which was achieved through the proper installation of nonafluoro-tert-butoxy groups on probes of high structural symmetry. It is revealed that the binding of an analyte to the probe can be sensed by as many as 72 chemically equivalent 19F atoms, allowing the quantification of analytes at nanomolar concentrations to be routinely performed by NMR. Applications on the detection of trace amounts of prohibited drug molecules and water contaminants were demonstrated. The high sensitivity and robust resolving ability of this approach represent a first step toward extending the application of NMR to scenarios that are now governed by chromatographic and mass spectrometry techniques. The detection scheme also makes possible the highly sensitive non-invasive multi-component analysis that is difficult to achieve by other analytical methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixian Wen
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Ling-Ling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Huan Meng
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Ling-Ling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Siyi Gu
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Ling-Ling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Instrumental Analysis Center, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Ling-Ling Road, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Yanchuan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Ling-Ling Road, Shanghai 200032, China.,Key Laboratory of Energy Regulation Materials, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Ling-Ling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
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Jutaporn P, Laolertworakul W, Tungsudjawong K, Khongnakorn W, Leungprasert S. Parallel factor analysis of fluorescence excitation emissions to identify seasonal and watershed differences in trihalomethane precursors. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 282:131061. [PMID: 34102490 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Concentration and chemical composition of dissolved organic matter (DOM) play a major role in formation and speciation of disinfection by-products, such as trihalomethanes (THMs), in water treatment plants (WTPs) during disinfection. This study characterized DOM across the process trains of WTPs using fluorescence excitation emission matrices (EEMs) together with parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC). The PARAFAC model was developed from 216 EEMs of bimonthly water samples from three WTPs in Khon Kaen, Thailand, from May 2018 to Mar 2019. Three PARAFAC components identified were humic-like DOM of terrestrial, and microbial or agricultural origin, while the one protein-like component was previously defined as tryptophan-like fluorophore. The relationships between water quality parameters, including the maximum fluorescent intensities (Fmax) of PARAFAC components and THM formation potential (THM-FP) were investigated using Spearman's rank correlation. The Fmax of PARAFAC components, UVA254, DOC, and THM-FP were greater in dry season. Chloroform was the primary THM formed at two sites using surface water as their water source, while the site using surface water with saline groundwater intrusion had higher concentration of brominated THMs. Results indicated that Fmax of humic-like components extracted by PARAFAC analysis were the most accurate THM-FP surrogate parameter assessed for the water samples tested and the correlations between Fmax and THM-FP were site specific (ρ = 0.81-0.85). The result demonstrates that fluorescence spectroscopy analysis has yielded insights into relationships between the DOM optical characteristics and their total THM-FP even at sites with different speciation of THMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panitan Jutaporn
- Research Center for Environmental and Hazardous Substance Management (EHSM), Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand; Center of Excellence on Hazardous Substance Management (HSM), Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
| | - Watjanee Laolertworakul
- Research Center for Environmental and Hazardous Substance Management (EHSM), Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand; Center of Excellence on Hazardous Substance Management (HSM), Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Kitiyot Tungsudjawong
- Division of Environmental Science and Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology Phra Nakhon, Bangsue, Bangkok, 10800, Thailand
| | - Watsa Khongnakorn
- Center of Excellence in Membrane Science and Technology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand
| | - Suchat Leungprasert
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kasetsart University, Lad Yao, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10903, Thailand
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Tang W, Wu M, Lou W, Yang C. Role of extracellular polymeric substances and enhanced performance for biological removal of carbonaceous organic matters and ammonia from wastewater with high salinity and low nutrient concentrations. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 326:124764. [PMID: 33524884 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.124764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The role of EPS in removal of carbonaceous organic matters and NH4+-N in simulated mariculture wastewater was examined at salinity of 0-3.5% in a multi-soil-layering bioreactor. Results showed that at 3.5% of salinity, the total activity of dehydrogenases (which were used to decompose carbonaceous organic matters) could be promoted by 13.2%-33.8% by EPS, increasing the removal rates of COD and NH4+-N by 13.2%-33.8% and 27.8%-42.1%, respectively. Besides, the activity of amylase in EPS was enhanced by 79.8%. However, reactions of some key enzymes such as acetate kinase and Na+K+-ATPase would not be accelerated by EPS, resulting in an inhibition of 44.3%-57.7% on energy gaining from ATP, and further inducing cytotoxicity. It was found that the glycolysis efficiency was promoted by 4.12%-59.3% in the presence of EPS, and glycolysis could also occur in EPS. Additionally, tyrosine was the main component in EPS to balance osmotic pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenchang Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Petrochemcial Pollution Processes and Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, Guangdong 525000, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Mengjie Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Petrochemcial Pollution Processes and Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, Guangdong 525000, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Wei Lou
- Hunan Provincial Environmental Protection Engineering Center for Organic Pollution Control of Urban Water and Wastewater, Changsha, Hunan 410001, China
| | - Chunping Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Petrochemcial Pollution Processes and Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, Guangdong 525000, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China; Hunan Provincial Environmental Protection Engineering Center for Organic Pollution Control of Urban Water and Wastewater, Changsha, Hunan 410001, China; Maoming Engineering Research Center for Organic Pollution Control, Maoming, Guangdong 525000, China.
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In situ and online monitoring of the chemical cleaning efficiency by solid-phase fluorescence excitation–emission matrix spectroscopy (SPF-EEM). J Memb Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2020.118296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Zhu G, Xiong N, Wang X, Hursthouse AS, Marr A. Correlation Characteristics of Electrical Conductivity of Surface Waters with the Fluorescence Excitation-Emission Matrix Spectroscopy-Parallel Factor Components of Dissolved Organic Matter. J Fluoresc 2020; 30:1383-1396. [DOI: 10.1007/s10895-020-02628-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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The Application of Fluorescence Spectroscopy for the Investigation of Dye Degradation by Chemical Oxidation. J Fluoresc 2020; 30:1271-1279. [PMID: 32767189 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-020-02591-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Chemical oxidation is a key technique used in dye wastewater treatment via the formation of hydroxyl radicals. To obtain optimal treatment effects, it is critical to understand the interaction of the molecular structure of the dye with the hydroxyl radical. We evaluated fluorescence excitation-emission matrix spectroscopy to study the decay of an azo-dye (Procion Red MX-5B) by a hydroxyl radical generated from catalytic Fe (III) on H2O2. Results showed that fluorescence signal reliably indicated the variations of the chemical groups and components during degradation, and the degradation could be divided into three stages: initial degradation (decolorisation), rapid intermediate degradation, and final degradation. Under control of uncorrected matrix correlation, the fluorescence fractions could be fitted successfully by parallel factor model (PARAFAC) model: two fluorescence components in initial degradation including mono substituted benzene and mono substituted naphthalene, three components as multi substituted benzene in rapid degradation, and no components could be resolved in the final degradation. The results from the study demonstrate the utility fluorescence characterization of dye degradation mechanisms and enhance the understanding of the degradation mechanisms.
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11
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Zhu G, Bian Y, Hursthouse AS, Xu S, Xiong N, Wan P. The role of magnetic MOFs nanoparticles in enhanced iron coagulation of aquatic dissolved organic matter. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 247:125921. [PMID: 31972494 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.125921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is not only a vector for the migration of aquatic environmental pollutants, but is also key to the control of water pollution. Economic and effective DOM removal through coagulation is essential in water treatment processes. This work investigated the role of carboxylated magnetic metal organic frameworks (MMOFs) nanoparticles in polymeric iron-based coagulation for the removal of aquatic DOM using a MMOFs-doped polyferric iron-based coagulant (MMOF-PIC). Analytical methodologies and tools used in this research included scanning electron microscopy (SEM), zeta potential, molecular weight cut off (MWCO), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) measurement, excitation emission matrix spectroscopy (EEMs), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results showed that MMOF-PIC had the potential to change the structure of the polyferric iron-based coagulant (PIC) and charge, as determined by a porous surface morphology, a higher medium polymeric species distribution, and a more positive zeta potential. The MMOFs consequently enhanced PIC action on the removal of UV254 exposed DOM species with molecular weight <30 kDa, including aromatic CC based compounds, org-N as primary amines and amide/peptide bound species, water containing microbial metabolites and protein-like materials. The coagulation of DOM was enhanced by improving charge neutralization, adsorption-bridging and sweep-flocculation in the presence of MMOFs nanoparticles. This was due to hydrogen bonds, π-π bonds and covalent bonds resulting from actions of nanoparticles and pollutants. These results indicate that magnetic MOF nanoparticles can improve PIC coagulation for DOM, enhancing future removal of target pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guocheng Zhu
- College of Civil Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, 411201, Hunan, China.
| | - Yongning Bian
- College of Civil Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, 411201, Hunan, China
| | - Andrew S Hursthouse
- College of Civil Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, 411201, Hunan, China; School of Computing, Engineering & Physical Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley, PA1 2BE, UK
| | - Shengnan Xu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Donadeo Innovation Centre for Engineering, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Nana Xiong
- College of Civil Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, 411201, Hunan, China
| | - Peng Wan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
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Ndiweni SN, Chys M, Chaukura N, Van Hulle SWH, Nkambule TTI. PARAFAC model as an innovative tool for monitoring natural organic matter removal in water treatment plants. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2020; 81:1786-1796. [PMID: 32644971 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2020.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The increase of fluorescent natural organic matter (fNOM) fractions during drinking water treatment might lead to an increased coagulant dose and filter clogging, and can be a precursor for disinfection by-products. Consequently, efficient fNOM removal is essential, for which characterisation of fNOM fractions is crucial. This study aims to develop a robust monitoring tool for assessing fNOM fractions across water treatment processes. To achieve this, water samples were collected from six South African water treatment plants (WTPs) during winter and summer, and two plants in Belgium during spring. The removal of fNOM was monitored by assessing fluorescence excitation-emission matrices datasets using parallel factor analysis. The removal of fNOM during summer for South African WTPs was in the range 69-85%, and decreased to 42-64% in winter. In Belgian WTPs, fNOM removal was in the range 74-78%. Principal component analysis revealed a positive correlation between total fluorescence and total organic carbon (TOC). However, TOC had an insignificant contribution to the factors affecting fNOM removal. Overall, the study demonstrated the appearance of fNOM in the final chlorinated water, indicating that fNOM requires a customised monitoring technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sikelelwa N Ndiweni
- Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability Research Unit, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Florida Campus, 1709, Johannesburg, South Africa E-mail:
| | - Michael Chys
- LIWET, Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University, Campus Kortrijk, Graaf Karel de Goedelaan 5, B-8500 Kortrijk, Belgium; † Present address: VEG-i-TEC, Ghent University, Campus Kortrijk, Graaf Karel De Goedelaan 5, B-8500 Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Nhamo Chaukura
- Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability Research Unit, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Florida Campus, 1709, Johannesburg, South Africa E-mail:
| | - Stijn W H Van Hulle
- LIWET, Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University, Campus Kortrijk, Graaf Karel de Goedelaan 5, B-8500 Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Thabo T I Nkambule
- Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability Research Unit, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Florida Campus, 1709, Johannesburg, South Africa E-mail:
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Manivannan B, Borisover M. Strengths of correlations with formation of chlorination disinfection byproducts: effects of predictor type and other factors. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:5337-5352. [PMID: 31848965 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06976-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Measurements of the UV-Vis absorbance (Abs) and intensity of fluorescence emission (Fluor), as well as of concentrations of total or dissolved organic carbon (OC) in aqueous samples are commonly used to estimate the potential for disinfection byproducts (DBPs) formation during water chlorination. In this work, based on 574 linear associations collected from 70 experimental research papers published over the period of 1997-2019, the strengths of the correlations of Abs, Fluor, and OC with DBPs concentrations are compared. The correlations were expressed as approximately normally distributed Z-scores using Fisher variance-stabilizing transformation. The effects of specific prediction method, chlorination agent, water source, and DBPs type, with consideration of possible effects due to the presence of bromide, are examined against Z-scores by ANOVA, testing main effects and some variables interactions. The performed analysis is a first attempt to expose differences and patterns in correlation strengths associated with DBPs formation, based on systematically covered broad existing literature. Abs and OC concentration of water samples tend to demonstrate the strongest correlations with DBPs formation as compared with specific UV absorbance (SUVA) or intensity of fluorescence emission. Correlations of DBPs formation during chloramination demonstrated weaker strengths as compared with other chlorination agents, suggesting more caution in predicting DBPs concentrations, based on simple descriptors such as Abs, OC, and Fluor. In a series of different water types, the correlations with DBPs formation are expected to be enhanced, when wastewater is chlorinated. Non-fluorescent matter may be an important contributor to DBPs formation during water chlorination. When fluorescence intensity is considered as a predicting tool, choosing humic-like rather than proteinaceous fluorescence may enhance the strengths of the correlations with DBPs formation. Different performances of Abs, OC, and Fluor in correlating with DBPs formation may be beneficial for their concurrent use helping to optimize removal of different DBPs precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhuvaneshwari Manivannan
- Institute of Soil, Water and Environmental Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, P.O. Box 15159, 7505101, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Mikhail Borisover
- Institute of Soil, Water and Environmental Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, P.O. Box 15159, 7505101, Rishon LeZion, Israel.
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Technology for the Remediation of Water Pollution: A Review on the Fabrication of Metal Organic Frameworks. Processes (Basel) 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/pr6080122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The ineffective control of the release of pollutants into water has led to serious water pollution. Compared with conditions in the past, the polluting components in aquatic environments have become increasingly complex. Some emerging substances have led to a new threat to the safety of water. Therefore, developing cost-effective technologies for the remediation of water pollution is urgently needed. Adsorption has been considered the most effective operational unit in water treatment processes and thus adsorption materials have gained wide attention. Among them, metal organic frameworks (denoted as MOFs) have been rapidly developed in recent years due to their unique physicochemical performance. They are characterized by larger porosity and larger specific surface area, easier pore structure designing, and comfortable structural modification. In many fields such as adsorption, separation, storage, and transportation, MOFs show a better performance than conventional adsorption materials such as active carbon. Their performance is often dependent on their structural distribution. To optimize the use of MOFs, their fabrication should be given more attention, without being limited to conventional preparation methods. Alternative preparation methods are given in this review, such as diffusion, solvent thermal, microwave, and ion thermal synthesis. Furthermore, developing functionalized MOFs is an available option to improve the removal efficiencies of a specific contaminant through pre-synthetic modification and post-synthesis modification. Post-synthesis modification has become a recent research hotspot. The coupling of MOFs with other techniques would be another option to ameliorate the remediation of water pollution. On one hand, their intrinsic drawbacks may be reduced. On the other hand, their performance may be enhanced due to their interaction behaviors. Overall, such coupling technologies are able to enhance the performance of an individual material. Because the excellent performance of MOF materials has been widely recognized and their developments have received wide attention, especially in environmental fields, in the present work we provide a review of fabrication of MOFs so as to motivate readers to deepen their understanding of the use of MOFs.
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Ding Q, Yamamura H, Yonekawa H, Aoki N, Murata N, Hafuka A, Watanabe Y. Differences in behaviour of three biopolymer constituents in coagulation with polyaluminium chloride: Implications for the optimisation of a coagulation-membrane filtration process. WATER RESEARCH 2018; 133:255-263. [PMID: 29407706 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Coagulation is often applied as a pre-treatment for membrane processes to reduce dissolved organic matter and to prevent membrane fouling. Biopolymers (BPs) have repeatedly been reported as major organic foulants, and coagulation conditions such as pH or dose have been optimised to minimise the remaining BPs. Optimisation however remains problematic because of the complex and heterogenetic nature of BP. In this study, the behaviour of several BP fractions in a coagulation process was investigated by excitation-emission matrix-parallel factor analysis (EEM-PARAFAC) following liquid chromatography (LC)-fractionation. Using a series of jar tests, we found that BP removal depends on the type of source water, reflecting differences in charge neutralisation conditions in three samples of natural water despite nearly identical processes for removing humic substances. This result demonstrates the complexity of optimisation for BP coagulation. Fractionation of EEM-PARAFAC to BP by LC showed that at least three organic component groups (C1, C2 and C3) constitute BP. C1 is tryptophan-like organic matter that is often found in wastewater effluent, C2 is tyrosine-like organic matter that has a phenolic chemical structure, and C3 is a humic-like substance. C1 was removed thoroughly at acidic pH but not at neutral pH, while the removal of C2 was inefficient even with a significant change in pH or dose, indicating similar difficulties in a coagulation process. The difference in components C1 and C2 may partly explain the difference in efficiencies of removal of BP in water from different sources. Our investigation suggests that the optimisation or selection of appropriate pre-treatment processes for membrane systems should be substantially based on the composition of BPs (e.g., C1 and C2 components).
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Ding
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, 1-13-27 Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8551, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yamamura
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, 1-13-27 Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8551, Japan.
| | - Hitoshi Yonekawa
- Plant Engineering Division, METAWATER Co., Ltd, 2-56 Suda-cho, Mizuho, Nagoya 467-8530, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Aoki
- Environmental Technology Department, R&D Center, Business Strategy Division, METAWATER Co., Ltd, JR Kanda Manseibashi Bldg, 1-25, Kanda-sudacho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0041, Japan
| | - Naoki Murata
- Water Purification Process Development Group, Environmental Technology Department, R&D Center, Business Strategy Division, METAWATER Co., Ltd, 1 Maegata-cho, Handa, Aichi 475-0825, Japan
| | - Akira Hafuka
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, 1-13-27 Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8551, Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Watanabe
- Research and Development Initiatives, Chuo University, 1-13-27 Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8551, Japan
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