1
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Munn RGK, Wolff A, Speers LJ, Bilkey DK. Disrupted hippocampal synchrony following maternal immune activation in a rat model. Hippocampus 2023; 33:995-1008. [PMID: 37129454 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.23545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Maternal immune activation (MIA) is a risk factor for schizophrenia and other neurodevelopmental disorders. MIA in rats models a number of the brain and behavioral changes that are observed in schizophrenia, including impaired memory. Recent studies in the MIA model have shown that the firing of the hippocampal place cells that are involved in memory processes appear relatively normal, but with abnormalities in the temporal ordering of firing. In this study, we re-analyzed data from prior hippocampal electrophysiological recordings of MIA and control animals to determine whether temporal dysfunction was evident. We find that there is a decreased ratio of slow to fast gamma power, resulting from an increase in fast gamma power and a tendency toward reduced slow gamma power in MIA rats. Moreover, we observe a robust reduction in spectral coherence between hippocampal theta and both fast and slow gamma rhythms, as well as changes in the phase of theta at which fast gamma occurs. We also find the phasic organization of place cell phase precession on the theta wave to be abnormal in MIA rats. Lastly, we observe that the local field potential of MIA rats contains more frequent sharp-wave ripple events, and that place cells were more likely to fire spikes during ripples in these animals than control. These findings provide further evidence of desynchrony in MIA animals and may point to circuit-level changes that underlie failures to integrate and encode information in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert G K Munn
- Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Amy Wolff
- Department of Neuroscience and Medical Discovery Team on Addiction, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Lucinda J Speers
- Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - David K Bilkey
- Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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2
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Singh M, Agarwal V, Jindal D, Pancham P, Agarwal S, Mani S, Tiwari RK, Das K, Alghamdi BS, Abujamel TS, Ashraf GM, Jha SK. Recent Updates on Corticosteroid-Induced Neuropsychiatric Disorders and Theranostic Advancements through Gene Editing Tools. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13030337. [PMID: 36766442 PMCID: PMC9914305 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13030337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The vast use of corticosteroids (CCSs) globally has led to an increase in CCS-induced neuropsychiatric disorders (NPDs), a very common manifestation in patients after CCS consumption. These neuropsychiatric disorders range from depression, insomnia, and bipolar disorders to panic attacks, overt psychosis, and many other cognitive changes in such subjects. Though their therapeutic importance in treating and improving many clinical symptoms overrides the complications that arise after their consumption, still, there has been an alarming rise in NPD cases in recent years, and they are seen as the greatest public health challenge globally; therefore, these potential side effects cannot be ignored. It has also been observed that many of the neuronal functional activities are regulated and controlled by genomic variants with epigenetic factors (DNA methylation, non-coding RNA, and histone modeling, etc.), and any alterations in these regulatory mechanisms affect normal cerebral development and functioning. This study explores a general overview of emerging concerns of CCS-induced NPDs, the effective molecular biology approaches that can revitalize NPD therapy in an extremely specialized, reliable, and effective manner, and the possible gene-editing-based therapeutic strategies to either prevent or cure NPDs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology (JIIT), Noida 201309, India
- Correspondence: (M.S.); (S.K.J.)
| | - Vinayak Agarwal
- Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology (JIIT), Noida 201309, India
| | - Divya Jindal
- Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology (JIIT), Noida 201309, India
| | - Pranav Pancham
- Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology (JIIT), Noida 201309, India
| | - Shriya Agarwal
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Shalini Mani
- Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology (JIIT), Noida 201309, India
| | - Raj Kumar Tiwari
- School of Health Sciences, Pharmaceutical Sciences, UPES, Dehradun 248007, India
| | - Koushik Das
- School of Health Sciences, Pharmaceutical Sciences, UPES, Dehradun 248007, India
| | - Badrah S. Alghamdi
- Department of Physiology, Neuroscience Unit, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Pre-Clinical Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Centre, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tukri S. Abujamel
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghulam Md. Ashraf
- Pre-Clinical Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Centre, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, University City, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Saurabh Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida 201310, India
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied & Life Sciences (SALS), Uttaranchal University, Dehradun 248007, India
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering and Food Technology, Chandigarh University, Mohali 140413, India
- Correspondence: (M.S.); (S.K.J.)
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3
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Zang J, Huang Y, Kong L, Lei B, Ke P, Li H, Zhou J, Xiong D, Li G, Chen J, Li X, Xiang Z, Ning Y, Wu F, Wu K. Effects of Brain Atlases and Machine Learning Methods on the Discrimination of Schizophrenia Patients: A Multimodal MRI Study. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:697168. [PMID: 34385901 PMCID: PMC8353157 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.697168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, machine learning techniques have been widely applied in discriminative studies of schizophrenia (SZ) patients with multimodal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI); however, the effects of brain atlases and machine learning methods remain largely unknown. In this study, we collected MRI data for 61 first-episode SZ patients (FESZ), 79 chronic SZ patients (CSZ) and 205 normal controls (NC) and calculated 4 MRI measurements, including regional gray matter volume (GMV), regional homogeneity (ReHo), amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation and degree centrality. We systematically analyzed the performance of two classifications (SZ vs NC; FESZ vs CSZ) based on the combinations of three brain atlases, five classifiers, two cross validation methods and 3 dimensionality reduction algorithms. Our results showed that the groupwise whole-brain atlas with 268 ROIs outperformed the other two brain atlases. In addition, the leave-one-out cross validation was the best cross validation method to select the best hyperparameter set, but the classification performances by different classifiers and dimensionality reduction algorithms were quite similar. Importantly, the contributions of input features to both classifications were higher with the GMV and ReHo features of brain regions in the prefrontal and temporal gyri. Furthermore, an ensemble learning method was performed to establish an integrated model, in which classification performance was improved. Taken together, these findings indicated the effects of these factors in constructing effective classifiers for psychiatric diseases and showed that the integrated model has the potential to improve the clinical diagnosis and treatment evaluation of SZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyu Zang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Material Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Huang
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou, China
- The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Huiai Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lingyin Kong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Material Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bingye Lei
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Material Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pengfei Ke
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Material Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hehua Li
- The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Huiai Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Material Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongsheng Xiong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Material Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guixiang Li
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Diagnosis and Rehabilitation of Dementia, Guangzhou, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Healthcare Devices, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Diagnosis and Rehabilitation of Dementia, Guangzhou, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Healthcare Devices, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaobo Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Zhiming Xiang
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Diagnosis and Rehabilitation of Dementia, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Radiology, Panyu Central Hospital of Guangzhou, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuping Ning
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou, China
- The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Huiai Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fengchun Wu
- The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Huiai Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kai Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Material Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Huiai Hospital, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Diagnosis and Rehabilitation of Dementia, Guangzhou, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Healthcare Devices, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Guangdong Province, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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4
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Yu Y, Li Y, Li T, Xi S, Xiao X, Xiao S, Tebes JK. New Path to Recovery and Well-Being: Cross-Sectional Study on WeChat Use and Endorsement of WeChat-Based mHealth Among People Living With Schizophrenia in China. J Med Internet Res 2020; 22:e18663. [PMID: 32945774 PMCID: PMC7532456 DOI: 10.2196/18663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The past few decades have seen an exponential increase in using mobile phones to support medical care (mobile health [mHealth]) among people living with psychosis worldwide, yet little is known about WeChat use and WeChat-based mHealth among people living with schizophrenia (PLS) in China. Objective This study aims to assess WeChat use, endorsement of WeChat-based mHealth programs, and health related to WeChat use among PLS. Methods We recruited a random sample of 400 PLS from 12 communities in Changsha City of Hunan Province, China. WeChat use was assessed using the adapted WeChat Use Intensity Questionnaire (WUIQ). We also compared psychiatric symptoms, functioning, disability, recovery, quality of life, and general well-being between WeChat users and nonusers using one-to-one propensity-score matching. Results The WeChat use rate was 40.8% in this sample (163/400); 30.7% (50/163) had more than 50 WeChat friends and nearly half (81/163, 49.7%) spent more than half an hour on WeChat, a pattern similar to college students and the elderly. PLS also showed higher emotional connectedness to WeChat use than college students. About 80.4% (131/163) of PLS were willing to participate in a WeChat-based mHealth program, including psychoeducation (91/163, 55.8%), professional support (82/163, 50.3%), and peer support (67/163, 41.1%). Compared with nonusers, WeChat users were younger, better educated, and more likely to be employed. WeChat use was associated with improved health outcomes, including lower psychiatric symptoms, lower depression, higher functioning, better recovery, and higher quality of life. Conclusions WeChat-based mHealth programs hold promise as an empowering tool to provide cost-effective interventions, to foster global recovery, and to improve both physical and mental well-being among PLS. WeChat and WeChat-based mHealth programs have the potential to offer a new path to recovery and well-being for PLS in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Yu
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Division of Prevention and Community Research, Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Yilu Li
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Tongxin Li
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shijun Xi
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xi Xiao
- Department of Psychiatry, Changsha Psychiatric Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Shuiyuan Xiao
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jacob Kraemer Tebes
- Division of Prevention and Community Research, Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
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5
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Yang Y, Zhang L, Guo D, Zhang L, Yu H, Liu Q, Su X, Shao M, Song M, Zhang Y, Ding M, Lu Y, Liu B, Li W, Yue W, Fan X, Yang G, Lv L. Association of DTNBP1 With Schizophrenia: Findings From Two Independent Samples of Han Chinese Population. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:446. [PMID: 32581860 PMCID: PMC7286384 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Schizophrenia (SZ) is a complex psychiatric disorder that has a strong genetic basis. Dystrobrevin-binding protein 1 (DTNBP1) is one of the genes thought to be pivotal in regulating the glutamatergic system. Studies have suggested that variations in DTNBP1 confer susceptibility to SZ and clinical symptoms. Here, we performed a two-stage independent verification study to identify polymorphisms of the DTNBP1 gene that might be associated with SZ in the Han Chinese population. METHODS In stage 1, 14 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were genotyped in 528 paranoid SZ patients and 528 healthy controls (HCs) using the Illumina GoldenGate assays on a BeadStation 500G Genotyping System. In stage 2, ten SNPs were genotyped in an independent sample of 1,031 SZ patients and 621 HCs using the Illumina 660k Genotyping System. Clinical symptoms were assessed using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale. RESULTS There was a significant association related to allele frequency, and a trend association in relation to genotype between SZ patients and HCs at rs4712253 (p = 0.03 and 0.05, respectively). These associations were not evident following Bonferroni correction (p > 0.05 for both). Haplotype association analysis revealed that only two haplotypes (GAG and GAA; rs16876575-rs9464793-rs4712253) were significantly different between SZ patients and HCs (χ2 = 4.24, 6.37, p = 0.04 and 0.01, respectively). In addition, in SZ patients there was a significant association in the rs4964793 genotype for positive symptoms, and in the rs1011313 genotype for excitement/hostility symptoms (p = 0.01 and 0.002, respectively). We found a significant association in the baseline symbol digital modalities test (SDMT), forward-digital span (DS), backward-DS, and semantic fluency between SZ patients and HCs (p < 0.05 for all). Finally, the SNP rs1011313 genotypes were associated with SDMT in SZ patients (p = 0.04). CONCLUSION This study provides further evidence that SNP rs4712253 of DTNBP1 has a nominal association with SZ in the Han Chinese population. Such a genotype variation may play a role in psychopathology and cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfeng Yang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Henan Mental Hospital, Xinxiang, China.,Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,Psychiatry Department, Affiliated Wuhan Mental Health Center, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Luwen Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Henan Mental Hospital, Xinxiang, China.,Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,Psychiatry Department, Affiliated Wuhan Mental Health Center, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dong Guo
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Henan Mental Hospital, Xinxiang, China.,Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,Psychiatry Department, Affiliated Wuhan Mental Health Center, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Affiliated Wuhan Mental Health Center, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongyan Yu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Henan Mental Hospital, Xinxiang, China
| | - Qing Liu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Henan Mental Hospital, Xinxiang, China.,Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,Psychiatry Department, Affiliated Wuhan Mental Health Center, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xi Su
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Henan Mental Hospital, Xinxiang, China.,Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,Psychiatry Department, Affiliated Wuhan Mental Health Center, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Minglong Shao
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Henan Mental Hospital, Xinxiang, China.,Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,Psychiatry Department, Affiliated Wuhan Mental Health Center, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Men Song
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Henan Mental Hospital, Xinxiang, China.,Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,Psychiatry Department, Affiliated Wuhan Mental Health Center, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Henan Mental Hospital, Xinxiang, China.,Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,Psychiatry Department, Affiliated Wuhan Mental Health Center, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Minli Ding
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Henan Mental Hospital, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yanli Lu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Henan Mental Hospital, Xinxiang, China
| | - Bing Liu
- Brainnetome Center, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenqiang Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Henan Mental Hospital, Xinxiang, China.,Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,Psychiatry Department, Affiliated Wuhan Mental Health Center, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Weihua Yue
- Institute of Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoduo Fan
- Psychiatry Department, University of Massachusetts Medical School and UMass Memorial Medical Center, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Ge Yang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Henan Mental Hospital, Xinxiang, China.,Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,Psychiatry Department, Affiliated Wuhan Mental Health Center, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Luxian Lv
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Henan Mental Hospital, Xinxiang, China.,Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,Psychiatry Department, Affiliated Wuhan Mental Health Center, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China.,Psychiatry Department, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
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6
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Ahmadi L, Kazemi Nezhad SR, Behbahani P, Khajeddin N, Pourmehdi-Boroujeni M. Genetic Variations of DAOA (rs947267 and rs3918342) and COMT Genes (rs165599 and rs4680) in Schizophrenia and Bipolar I Disorder. Basic Clin Neurosci 2019; 9:429-438. [PMID: 30719257 PMCID: PMC6359688 DOI: 10.32598/bcn.9.6.429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Genetic and environmental factors are involved in the incidence of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Many reports confirm that several common genes are connected with these two psychotic disorders. Several neurotransmitters may be involved in the molecular mechanisms of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. We aimed to estimate the role of two talent genes: DAOA in neurotransmission of glutamate and COMT in neurotransmission of dopamine to guide the treatment of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Methods: Blood samples (n=100 for schizophrenia, n=100 for bipolar I disorder and n=127 for case control) were collected from individuals unrelated in the southwest of Iran. The SNPs (rs947267 and rs3918342 for DAOA gene/rs165599 and rs4680 for COMT gene) were genotyped using the PCR-RFLP method. Our finding was studied by logistic regression and Mantel-Haenszel Chi-square tests. Results: We observed an association in rs3918342, rs165599 and rs4680 single nucleotide polymorphisms and schizophrenia and bipolar I disorder. In addition, our data demonstrated that the rs947267 was related to bipolar I disorder but there was no association between this SNP and schizophrenia. Conclusion: In conclusion, this result supports the hypothesis that variations in DAOA and COMT genes may play a role in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Ahmadi
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | | | - Parisima Behbahani
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Nilofar Khajeddin
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Pourmehdi-Boroujeni
- Department of Food Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
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7
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Cao B, Wang DF, Yan LL, McIntyre RS, Rosenblat JD, Musial N, Liu YQ, Xie Q, Wang JY, Lu QB. Parental characteristics and the risk of schizophrenia in a Chinese population: a case-control study. Nord J Psychiatry 2019; 73:90-95. [PMID: 30900499 DOI: 10.1080/08039488.2018.1529196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic studies have provided convergent results indicating that schizophrenia is a polygenic disorder with a heritability estimate of ∼60-80%. The propensity for schizophrenia is ∼10 times higher in individuals with first-degree relatives with schizophrenia when compared to the general population. AIM To identify associations between parental characteristics and the risk of schizophrenia in a Chinese population. METHODS Participants with a diagnosis of schizophrenia were recruited along with healthy controls (HCs) matched for age and gender from Weifang, China. Logistic regression models and generalized linear models were used to explore the associations between parental characteristics with the risk and age at onset of schizophrenia. In total, 414 cases and 639 HCs were recruited for the study. RESULTS We observed an inverse association between levels of paternal and maternal education and risk of schizophrenia after controlling for potential confounders (Paternal: OR = 1.525, 95% CI: 1.080-2.153, p = .017; Maternal: OR = 1.984, 95% CI: 1.346-2.924, p = .001). Younger paternal and maternal childbearing age were associated with a higher risk of diagnosis of schizophrenia. We furtherly observed that individuals with earlier age at onset of schizophrenia had fewer siblings (p = .007) and had higher rates of parental marital disharmony (p = .033). CONCLUSION Our results indicate that parental years of education and age of childbearing are associated with an increased risk of schizophrenia in a Chinese population. Age of onset of schizophrenia was positively associated with a greater number of siblings and negatively associated with parental marital disharmony.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Cao
- a Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology, School of Public Health , Peking University , Beijing , China
| | | | - Lai-Lai Yan
- a Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology, School of Public Health , Peking University , Beijing , China.,c Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety , Beijing , China.,d Peking University Medical and Health Analysis Center , Peking University , Beijing , China
| | - Roger S McIntyre
- e Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, Toronto Western Hospital , University Health Network , Toronto , Canada.,f The Brain and Cognition Discovery Foundation , Toronto , Canada
| | - Joshua D Rosenblat
- e Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, Toronto Western Hospital , University Health Network , Toronto , Canada
| | - Natalie Musial
- e Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, Toronto Western Hospital , University Health Network , Toronto , Canada
| | - Ya-Qiong Liu
- a Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology, School of Public Health , Peking University , Beijing , China
| | - Qing Xie
- a Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology, School of Public Health , Peking University , Beijing , China
| | - Jing-Yu Wang
- a Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology, School of Public Health , Peking University , Beijing , China.,c Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety , Beijing , China.,d Peking University Medical and Health Analysis Center , Peking University , Beijing , China
| | - Qing-Bin Lu
- a Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology, School of Public Health , Peking University , Beijing , China.,c Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety , Beijing , China
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8
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Grant P, Munk AJL, Hennig J. A positive-psychological intervention reduces acute psychosis-proneness. Schizophr Res 2018; 199:414-419. [PMID: 29661523 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2018.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While individuals at ultra-risk for schizophrenia are characterized by high negative/disorganised but low positive schizotypy, schizophrenia patients are usually high in all three schizotypy facets. Thus, avoiding increases in positive schizotypy in ultra-high risk individuals may constitute of form of schizophrenia-prevention. A possible method of reducing positive schizotypy could be Positive-Psychological intervention (PI). METHODS We present results from 2 independent studies, including a 12-month follow-up from study 1, using an easy-to-perform intervention based on Positive Psychology to reduce positive schizotypy. RESULTS A PI can significantly and sustainably reduce positive schizotypy compared to a placebo-condition. Furthermore, our results show very high response-rates to said intervention, with responsiveness to the intervention increasing significantly with disorganised schizotypic traits. CONCLUSIONS As especially disorganised schizotypy is of relevance for the risk of transition from high benign schizotypy to schizophrenia and is found most closely associated to familial schizophrenia-risk and highly elevated in at-risk mental states, our results are encouraging. We suggest, thus, that positive psychology can not only reduce positive schizotypy, but may be increasingly useful with rising schizophrenia-risk and, thus, be worthy of further investigation regarding it potential in schizophrenia-prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip Grant
- Biological Psychology and Individual Differences, Department of Psychology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Germany; Faculty of Life Science Engineering, Technische Hochschule Mittelhessen University of Applied Sciences, Giessen, Germany.
| | - Aisha Judith Leila Munk
- Biological Psychology and Individual Differences, Department of Psychology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Germany
| | - Juergen Hennig
- Biological Psychology and Individual Differences, Department of Psychology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Germany
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9
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Yang Y, Yu H, Li W, Liu B, Zhang H, Ding S, Lu Y, Jiang T, Lv L. Association between cerebral dopamine neurotrophic factor (CDNF) 2 polymorphisms and schizophrenia susceptibility and symptoms in the Han Chinese population. Behav Brain Funct 2018; 14:1. [PMID: 29298719 PMCID: PMC5753570 DOI: 10.1186/s12993-017-0133-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Schizophrenia (SZ) is a complex polygenic psychiatric disorder caused in part by abnormal dopamine levels. Cerebral dopamine neurotrophic factor (CDNF) 2 is known to protect and repair the dopaminergic system. Dopamine dysfunction is one of the pathogenesis of SZ. However, the relationship between CDNF2 and SZ has not been previously investigated. We speculated that CDNF2 may be a susceptibility factor for SZ. Methods To address this issue, we carried out a study to investigate the association between CDNF2 and SZ in the total sample 1371 (670 SZ patients and 701 healthy controls) Han Chinese population. Stage 1 included 528 SZ patients and 528 healthy controls; and stage 2 included 142 SZ patients and 173 healthy controls. The allele and genotype frequencies of five single nucleotide polymorphisms (rs2577074, rs2577075, rs2249810, rs6506891, and rs2118343) of CDNF2 were compared between patients and controls. Results We found a significant association in allele and genotype frequencies between the two groups at rs2249810 (χ2 = 4.38 and 6.45, respectively; P = 0.03 and 0.04, respectively). An association was also observed in males at rs2249810 (χ2 = 8.76; P = 0.03). Haplotype TGATC differed between SZ and controls in stage 2 samples (χ2 = 6.38; P = 0.01), and rs2118343 genotypes were associated with negative factor scores (F = 4.396; P = 0.01). Conclusions These results suggest that rs2249810 and haplotype TGATC of CDNF2 are an SZ susceptibility locus and factor, respectively, and that rs2118343 genotypes are associated with negative symptoms of SZ in the Han Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfeng Yang
- Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,Department of Psychiatry, Henan Mental Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Hongyan Yu
- Department of Psychiatry, Henan Mental Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Wenqiang Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Henan Mental Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Bing Liu
- Brainnetome Center, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Hongxing Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Henan Mental Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Shuang Ding
- Department of Psychiatry, Henan Mental Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yanli Lu
- Department of Psychiatry, Henan Mental Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Tianzi Jiang
- Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China. .,Brainnetome Center, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China. .,National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China. .,The Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia.
| | - Luxian Lv
- Department of Psychiatry, Henan Mental Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China. .,Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China. .,Department of Psychiatry of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, No. 388, Jianshe Middle Road, Xinxiang, 453002, China.
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10
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D'Onofrio S, Mahaffey S, Garcia-Rill E. Role of calcium channels in bipolar disorder. CURRENT PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 6:122-135. [PMID: 29354402 PMCID: PMC5771645 DOI: 10.2174/2211556006666171024141949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Bipolar disorder is characterized by a host of sleep-wake abnormalities that suggests that the reticular activating system (RAS) is involved in these symptoms. One of the signs of the disease is a decrease in high frequency gamma band activity, which accounts for a number of additional deficits. Bipolar disorder has also been found to overexpress neuronal calcium sensor protein 1 (NCS-1). Recent studies showed that elements in the RAS generate gamma band activity that is mediated by high threshold calcium (Ca2+) channels. This mini-review provides a description of recent findings on the role of Ca2+ and Ca2+ channels in bipolar disorder, emphasizing the involvement of arousal-related systems in the manifestation of many of the disease symptoms. This will hopefully bring attention to a much-needed area of research and provide novel avenues for therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stasia D'Onofrio
- Center for Translational Neuroscience, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR
| | - Susan Mahaffey
- Center for Translational Neuroscience, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR
| | - Edgar Garcia-Rill
- Center for Translational Neuroscience, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR
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11
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Yang Y, Li W, Zhang H, Yang G, Wang X, Ding M, Jiang T, Lv L. Association Study of N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Subunit 2B (GRIN2B) Polymorphisms and Schizophrenia Symptoms in the Han Chinese Population. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0125925. [PMID: 26020650 PMCID: PMC4447394 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2014] [Accepted: 03/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SZ) is a common and complex psychiatric disorder that has a significant genetic component. The glutamatergic system is the major excitatory neurotransmitter system in the central nervous system, and is mediated by N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors. Disturbances in this system have been hypothesized to play a major role in SZ pathogenesis. Several studies have revealed that the NMDA receptor subunit 2B (GRIN2B) potentially associates with SZ and its psychiatric symptoms. In this study, we performed a case–control study to identify polymorphisms of the GRIN2B gene that may confer susceptibility to SZ in the Han Chinese population. Thirty-four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were genotyped in 528 paranoid SZ patients and 528 control subjects. A significant association was observed in allele and genotype between SZ and controls at rs2098469 (χ2 = 8.425 and 4.994; p = 0.025 and 0.014, respectively). Significant associations were found in the allele at rs12319804 (χ2 = 4.436; p = 0.035), as well as in the genotype at rs12820037 and rs7298664 between SZ and controls (χ2 = 11.162 and 38.204; p = 0.003 and 4.27×10-8, respectively). After applying the Bonferroni correction, rs7298664 still had significant genotype associations with SZ (p = 1.71×10-7). In addition, rs2098469 genotype and allele frequencies, and 12820037 allele frequencies were nominally associated with SZ. Three haplotypes, CGA (rs10845849—rs12319804—rs10845851), CC (rs12582848—rs7952915), and AAGAC (rs2041986—rs11055665—rs7314376—rs7297101—rs2098469), had significant differences between SZ and controls (χ2 = 4.324, 4.582, and 4.492; p = 0.037, 0.032, and 0.034, respectively). In addition, three SNPs, rs2098469, rs12820037, and rs7298664, were significantly associated with cognition factors PANSS subscores in SZ (F = 16.799, 7.112, and 13.357; p = 0.000, 0.017, and 0.000, respectively). In conclusion, our study provides novel evidence for an association between GRIN2B polymorphisms and SZ susceptibility and symptoms in the Han Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfeng Yang
- Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Department of Psychiatry, Henan Mental Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Wenqiang Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Henan Mental Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Hongxing Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Henan Mental Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Ge Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, Henan Mental Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Xiujuan Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Henan Mental Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Minli Ding
- Department of Psychiatry, Henan Mental Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Tianzi Jiang
- Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- * E-mail: (LXL); (TZJ)
| | - Luxian Lv
- Department of Psychiatry, Henan Mental Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- * E-mail: (LXL); (TZJ)
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12
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Huertas-Rodríguez CK, Payán-Gómez C, Forero-Castro RM. [22q11.2DS Syndrome as a Genetic Subtype of Schizophrenia]. REVISTA COLOMBIANA DE PSIQUIATRIA 2015; 44:50-60. [PMID: 26578219 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcp.2014.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2014] [Revised: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS) is associated with the microdeletion of this chromosomal region, and represents the second most common genetic syndrome after Down's syndrome. In patients with schizophrenia, 22q11.2DS has a prevalence of 2%, and in selected groups can be increased to between 32-53%. OBJECTIVE To describe the generalities of 22q11.2DS syndrome as a genetic subtype of schizophrenia, its clinical characteristics, molecular genetic aspects, and frequency in different populations. METHODS A review was performed from 1967 to 2013 in scientific databases, compiling articles about 22q11.2DS syndrome and its association with schizophrenia. RESULTS The 22q11.2 DS syndrome has a variable phenotype associated with other genetic syndromes, birth defects in many tissues and organs, and a high rate of psychiatric disorders, particularly schizophrenia. Likewise, it has been identified in clinical populations with schizophrenia selected by the presence of common syndromic characteristics. FISH, qPCR and MLPA techniques, and recently, aCGH and NGS technologies, are being used to diagnose this microdeletion. CONCLUSIONS It is important in clinical practice to remember that people suffering the 22q11.2DS have a high genetic risk for developing schizophrenia, and it is considered that the simultaneous presence of this disease and 22q11.2DS represents a genetic subtype of schizophrenia. There are clear phenotypic criteria, molecular and cytogenetic methods to diagnose this group of patients, and to optimize a multidisciplinary approach in their monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Katherin Huertas-Rodríguez
- Bióloga, Grupo de Estudios en Genética y Biología Molecular (GEBIMOL), Facultad de Ciencias, Escuela de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia (UPTC), Tunja, Colombia.
| | - César Payán-Gómez
- Médico Magíster en Genética Humana, Unidad de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Ruth Maribel Forero-Castro
- Licenciada en Biología, Magíster en Ciencias Biológicas con énfasis en Genética Humana, Máster en Biología y Clínica del Cáncer, Profesora Asistente de la Facultad de Ciencias, Escuela de Ciencias Biológicas, Grupo de Estudios en Genética y Biología Molecular (GEBIMOL), Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, Tunja, Colombia
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13
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Abstract
People with schizophrenia, who have disturbances in mood, thought processes and behavior, experience impairment in day-to-day functioning. Primary caregivers have tried to become involved in caring for persons with schizophrenia by coordination with community psychiatric nurses. Community psychiatric nurses have an important role to play in supporting families in this care, especially primary caregivers. The purpose of the present study was to explore the relationship between Thai community psychiatric nurses and primary caregivers of people with schizophrenia. Grounded theory methodology was used to examine the process with which community psychiatric nurses work together with primary caregivers. Purposive sampling and theoretical sampling were used. Data were collected from 34 informants, including 17 community psychiatric nurses and 17 primary caregivers through in-depth interviews, observation, and field notes. Data was analyzed using constant and comparative methods by Glaser (1978). The study revealed that building collaboration in the care of people with schizophrenia involved coordinating both community psychiatric nurses and primary caregivers in a process that consists of five major stages. In the first stage, community psychiatric nurses and primary caregivers used strategies to establish trust in each other before the next stage, which engaged their concerns and needs. Later, the stages of mutual preparation for caregiving, cooperating on patient care and monitoring outcomes were jointly employed in order to promote a healthy family life for patients. The study concludes by suggesting guidelines and giving insights into ways of helping primary caregivers and their patients with schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratchaneekorn Kertchok
- Chulalongkorn University, Faculty of Nursing, Rama I Road, Pathumwam, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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14
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Deng C, Pan B, Engel M, Huang XF. Neuregulin-1 signalling and antipsychotic treatment: potential therapeutic targets in a schizophrenia candidate signalling pathway. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2013; 226:201-15. [PMID: 23389757 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-013-3003-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2012] [Accepted: 01/22/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Identifying the signalling pathways underlying the pathophysiology of schizophrenia is an essential step in the rational development of new antipsychotic drugs for this devastating disease. Evidence from genetic, transgenic and post-mortem studies have strongly supported neuregulin-1 (NRG1)-ErbB4 signalling as a schizophrenia susceptibility pathway. NRG1-ErbB4 signalling plays crucial roles in regulating neurodevelopment and neurotransmission, with implications for the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Post-mortem studies have demonstrated altered NRG1-ErbB4 signalling in the brain of schizophrenia patients. Antipsychotic drugs have different effects on NRG1-ErbB4 signalling depending on treatment duration. Abnormal behaviours relevant to certain features of schizophrenia are displayed in NRG1/ErbB4 knockout mice or those with NRG1/ErbB4 over-expression, some of these abnormalities can be improved by antipsychotic treatment. NRG1-ErbB4 signalling has extensive interactions with the GABAergic, glutamatergic and dopaminergic neurotransmission systems that are involved in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. These interactions provide a number of targets for the development of new antipsychotic drugs. Furthermore, the key interaction points between NRG1-ErbB4 signalling and other schizophrenia susceptibility genes may also potentially provide specific targets for new antipsychotic drugs. In general, identification of these targets in NRG1-ErbB4 signalling and interacting pathways will provide unique opportunities for the development of new generation antipsychotics with specific efficacy and fewer side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Deng
- Antipsychotic Research Laboratory, Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong 2522 NSW, Australia.
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15
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Li Y, Li H, Liu Y, Yan X, Yue Y, Qian M. Comparison of quetiapine and risperidone in Chinese Han patients with schizophrenia: results of a single-blind, randomized study. Curr Med Res Opin 2012; 28:1725-32. [PMID: 22978771 DOI: 10.1185/03007995.2012.728524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy and safety of 750 mg/day quetiapine fumarate (Seroquel) in the treatment of Chinese Han patients with schizophrenia. METHODS In this 6-week, multicenter, randomized, rater single-blind study, a total of 119 patients with schizophrenia were randomly assigned to quetiapine (n = 60, 750 mg/day) or risperidone (n = 59, 4 mg/day). The efficacy was assessed by the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), Clinical Global Impression-Change (CGI-C) and the Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia (CDSS). Safety and tolerability assessments included treatment-emergent adverse events, laboratory tests and electrocardiograms. RESULTS The primary analysis demonstrated no significant difference between treatment in the two groups (quetiapine vs. risperidone: 31.9 ± 17.5 vs. 33.3 ± 17.3; P = 0.668). Improvements with both treatments were comparable for total PANSS, positive and negative subscores, general psychopathology subscales, and excitement and attack symptoms. Improvements in CGI-S were similar between treatment groups (P = 0.046). A more favorable trend was detected for quetiapine than risperidone in the reduction of CDSS scores from baseline, especially at week 1 (1.1 ± 2.2 vs. 0.3 ± 2.1, P < 0.050). The rate of extrapyramidal symptom (EPS) and hyperprolactinemia-related adverse events was significantly lower in the quetiapine group than the risperidone group (13.3% vs. 43.3%, P < 0.001). Dizziness and somnolence were more common in the quetiapine group than the risperidone group. CONCLUSION Quetiapine fumarate (750 mg/day) has broad clinical efficacy comparable to 4 mg/day risperidone. Dizziness was common in the quetiapine group (P = 0.029), but the rate of somnolence was similar between the two groups (P = 0.114). EPS and hyperprolactinemia rates were significantly higher with risperidone (P < 0.001). Key limitations of this study include small sample size, short treatment periods, and no increase to 6 mg/day for risperidone because of its safety profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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16
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Hsiao CY, Hsieh MH, Tseng CJ, Chien SH, Chang CC. Quality of life of individuals with schizophrenia living in the community: relationship to socio-demographic, clinical and psychosocial characteristics. J Clin Nurs 2012; 21:2367-76. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2702.2012.04067.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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17
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Peirano P, Algarin C, Chamorro R, Manconi M, Lozoff B, Ferri R. Iron deficiency anemia in infancy exerts long-term effects on the tibialis anterior motor activity during sleep in childhood. Sleep Med 2012; 13:1006-12. [PMID: 22770698 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2012.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2011] [Revised: 04/19/2012] [Accepted: 05/07/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore the eventual connection between iron deficiency anemia (IDA) in infancy and altered leg movements during sleep in a 10-year follow-up study in children who did or did not have IDA in infancy. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Polysomnographic studies were performed in 32 10-year-old children (13 females and 19 males) who had IDA in infancy and 26 peers (10 females and 16 males) who were nonanemic controls. The time structure of their polysomnographically recorded leg movements (LM) was analyzed by means of an approach particularly able to consider their quantity, periodicity, and distribution during the night. RESULTS All LM indexes and those related to periodic LM during sleep (PLMS) were slightly higher in the former IDA group than in the control group, but not always significant. The Periodicity index during NREM sleep was higher and was reflected by a small but significant increase in PLMS separated by 10-50s intervals. PLMS index tended to be higher in former IDA children than in controls throughout the whole night. CONCLUSION The association between IDA in infancy, despite iron therapy, and PLMS in childhood could lead to new research in this area. Indeed, transient infantile IDA, a common nutritional problem among human infants, may turn out to be important for understanding the mechanisms of PLMS or restless legs syndrome, which are common in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricio Peirano
- Laboratory of Sleep and Functional Neurobiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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18
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Behavioural deficits associated with maternal immune activation in the rat model of schizophrenia. Behav Brain Res 2011; 225:382-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2011.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2011] [Revised: 07/14/2011] [Accepted: 07/18/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Bejerholm U. Relationships between occupational engagement and status of and satisfaction with sociodemographic factors in a group of people with schizophrenia. Scand J Occup Ther 2011; 17:244-54. [PMID: 19929266 DOI: 10.3109/11038120903254323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The present study is part of a larger project investigating occupational engagement and health in a group of people with schizophrenia. This study was aimed at extending this knowledge base with regard to occupational engagement and sociodemographic factors. Seventy-four outpatients participated in the study. The Profile of Occupational Engagement in People with Schizophrenia, the Lancashire Quality of Life Profile scale and a standardized questionnaire were used to gather data. Contrary to what was expected, occupational engagement was not associated with a certain type of schizophrenia, being younger or older, or gender. The results showed that a high level of occupational engagement was related to greater satisfaction with the participants' social and living situation, having a reliable alliance and a close friend, school-leaving age, living in a flat, and working or studying. Satisfaction with living independently, having had a recent experience of accomplishment, and working together explained 55% of the variance in occupational engagement. Occupational therapists should thus focus on and promote social engagement appropriate to the client's level of engagement, the client's opportunity and ability to work, his/her experience of accomplishment, and, most importantly, satisfaction with the home and living situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrika Bejerholm
- The Vårdal Institute, Swedish Institute for Health Sciences, Lund University, Sweden.
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Kertchok R, Yunibhand J, Chaiyawat W. Creating a new whole: helping families of people with schizophrenia. Int J Ment Health Nurs 2011; 20:38-46. [PMID: 21199243 DOI: 10.1111/j.1447-0349.2010.00706.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Collaboration between psychiatric nurses and family members is considered an important part of caring for people with schizophrenia either in hospital or at home after discharge. Studies have demonstrated family involvement in terms of caring for patients who have been discharged early from hospital. An extensive review of the literature and related studies regarding nursing interventions have been done, but there have been limited studies on what psychiatric nurses actually do when working with the families of people with schizophrenia in Thailand. The purpose of the present study was to explore relationships between Thai psychiatric nurses and families in terms of administering nursing care to patients. Grounded theory methodology was used to examine the processes through which psychiatric nurses work with families. Data were collected by 16 psychiatric nurses through in-depth interviews, observations, and field notes. Data were analyzed using constant and comparative methods of other studies, which revealed the process by which nurses can create a new whole between families, patients, and Thai psychiatric nurses. The process consists of four major stages: establishing trust, strengthening connections, promoting readiness to care, and supporting family.
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Antipsychotic drugs prevent the motor hyperactivity induced by psychotomimetic MK-801 in zebrafish (Danio rerio). Behav Brain Res 2010; 214:417-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2010.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2010] [Revised: 06/08/2010] [Accepted: 06/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Petronis A. Epigenetics as a unifying principle in the aetiology of complex traits and diseases. Nature 2010; 465:721-7. [PMID: 20535201 DOI: 10.1038/nature09230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 435] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetic modifications of DNA and histones might be crucial for understanding the molecular basis of complex phenotypes. One reason for this is that epigenetic factors are sometimes malleable and plastic enough to react to cues from the external and internal environments. Such induced epigenetic changes can be solidified and propagated during cell division, resulting in permanent maintenance of the acquired phenotype. In addition, the finding that there is partial epigenetic stability in somatic and germline cells allows insight into the molecular mechanisms of heritability. Epigenetics can provide a new framework for the search of aetiological factors in complex traits and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arturas Petronis
- The Krembil Family Epigenetics Laboratory, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5T 1R8, Canada.
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Wolff AR, Bilkey DK. The maternal immune activation (MIA) model of schizophrenia produces pre-pulse inhibition (PPI) deficits in both juvenile and adult rats but these effects are not associated with maternal weight loss. Behav Brain Res 2010; 213:323-7. [PMID: 20471999 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2010.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2010] [Revised: 05/06/2010] [Accepted: 05/06/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The developmental onset of deficits in sensorimotor-gating was examined in the maternal immune activation (MIA) animal model of schizophrenia. Pre-pulse inhibition (PPI) deficits were evident in juvenile MIA rats. This parallels the sensorimotor-gating deficits observed in groups at high-risk of schizophrenia. PPI deficits were independent of maternal weight loss following the MIA manipulation, suggesting that this measure may not be a useful marker of treatment efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy R Wolff
- Psychology Department, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Cherlyn SYT, Woon PS, Liu JJ, Ong WY, Tsai GC, Sim K. Genetic association studies of glutamate, GABA and related genes in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder: a decade of advance. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2010; 34:958-77. [PMID: 20060416 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2010.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2009] [Revised: 01/01/2010] [Accepted: 01/04/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SZ) and bipolar disorder (BD) are debilitating neurobehavioural disorders likely influenced by genetic and non-genetic factors and which can be seen as complex disorders of synaptic neurotransmission. The glutamatergic and GABAergic neurotransmission systems have been implicated in both diseases and we have reviewed extensive literature over a decade for evidence to support the association of glutamate and GABA genes in SZ and BD. Candidate-gene based population and family association studies have implicated some ionotrophic glutamate receptor genes (GRIN1, GRIN2A, GRIN2B and GRIK3), metabotropic glutamate receptor genes (such as GRM3), the G72/G30 locus and GABAergic genes (e.g. GAD1 and GABRB2) in both illnesses to varying degrees, but further replication studies are needed to validate these results. There is at present no consensus on specific single nucleotide polymorphisms or haplotypes associated with the particular candidate gene loci in these illnesses. The genetic architecture of glutamate systems in bipolar disorder need to be better studied in view of recent data suggesting an overlap in the genetic aetiology of SZ and BD. There is a pressing need to integrate research platforms in genomics, epistatic models, proteomics, metabolomics, neuroimaging technology and translational studies in order to allow a more integrated understanding of glutamate and GABAergic signalling processes and aberrations in SZ and BD as well as their relationships with clinical presentations and treatment progress over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suat Ying Tan Cherlyn
- Institute of Mental Health/Woodbridge Hospital, 10 Buangkok View, Singapore 539747, Singapore
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Mutation screening of the glutamate cysteine ligase modifier (GCLM) gene in patients with schizophrenia. Psychiatr Genet 2009; 19:201-8. [PMID: 19455074 DOI: 10.1097/ypg.0b013e32832cef21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Experimental evidences show that glutathione and its rate-limiting synthesizing enzyme, the glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL), are involved in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. Furthermore, genetic association has been previously reported between two single nucleotide polymorphisms lying in noncoding regions of glutamate cysteine ligase modifier (GCLM) gene, which specifies for the modifier subunit of GCL and schizophrenia. OBJECTIVE We wanted to investigate the presence of GCLM true functional mutations, likely in linkage disequilibrium with the previously identified single nucleotide polymorphism alleles, in the same set of cases that allowed the detection of the original association signal. METHODS We screened all the coding regions of GCLM and their intronic flanking vicinities in 353 patients with schizophrenia by direct DNA sequencing. RESULTS Ten sequence variations were identified, five of which were not previously described. None of these DNA changes was within the GCLM coding sequence and in-silico analysis failed to indicate functional impairment induced by these variations. Furthermore, screening of normal controls and downstream statistical analyses revealed no significant relationship of any of these DNA variants with schizophrenia. CONCLUSION It is unlikely that functional mutations in the GCLM gene could play a major role in genetic predisposition to schizophrenia and further studies will be required to assess its etiological function in the disease.
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D'hoedt D, Bertrand D. Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors: an overview on drug discovery. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2009; 13:395-411. [DOI: 10.1517/14728220902841045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Subclinical abnormal EMG activation of the gastrocnemii during gait analysis in restless legs syndrome: A preliminary report in 13 patients. Sleep Med 2009; 10:312-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2008.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2008] [Revised: 03/28/2008] [Accepted: 04/20/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Ferri R, Gschliesser V, Frauscher B, Poewe W, Högl B. Periodic leg movements during sleep and periodic limb movement disorder in patients presenting with unexplained insomnia. Clin Neurophysiol 2008; 120:257-63. [PMID: 19109055 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2008.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2008] [Revised: 11/12/2008] [Accepted: 11/15/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate quantitatively the presence and the characteristics of periodic leg movements during sleep (PLMS) in a group of consecutive patients presenting with daytime impairment related to insomnia of unknown etiology and whose polysomnographic features differ from those of healthy individuals only for a significantly increased arousal index in NREM sleep. METHODS We recruited 20 consecutive adult patients with insomnia according to the ICSD-2 criteria, 20 patients with RLS, and 12 age-matched normal controls. The time structure of their polysomnographically recorded leg movements during sleep was analyzed by means of an approach particularly able to consider their periodicity. RESULTS A subgroup of 12 patients with a relatively high number of periodic LM activity was detected with a statistically based approach using two indexes: total LM index and Periodicity index. This subgroup had high PLMS index, Periodicity index was also high and PLMS showed a progressive decrease during the night, being highest in the first hours of sleep. The characteristics of PLMS were identical within this insomnia subgroup and RLS patients. CONCLUSIONS PLMS was a common finding in our patients with insomnia and a detailed analysis of their periodicity revealed that a subgroup of these patients had to be finally diagnosed with Periodic Limb Movement Disorder. SIGNIFICANCE Polysomnography with the subsequent analysis of PLMS periodicity is able to differentiate between insomnia patient subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele Ferri
- Sleep Research Centre, Department of Neurology I.C., Oasi Institute for Research on Mental Retardation and Brain Aging (IRCCS), Via C. Ruggero 73, 94018 Troina, Italy.
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Hsu PC, Yang UC, Shih KH, Liu CM, Liu YL, Hwu HG. A protein interaction based model for schizophrenia study. BMC Bioinformatics 2008; 9 Suppl 12:S23. [PMID: 19091023 PMCID: PMC2638163 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2105-9-s12-s23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Schizophrenia is a complex disease with multiple factors contributing to its pathogenesis. In addition to environmental factors, genetic factors may also increase susceptibility. In other words, schizophrenia is a highly heritable disease. Some candidate genes have been deduced on the basis of their known function with others found on the basis of chromosomal location. Individuals with multiple candidate genes may have increased risk. However it is not clear what kind of gene combinations may produce the disease phenotype. Their collective effect remains to be studied. Results Most pathways except metabolic pathways are rich in protein-protein interactions (PPIs). Thus, the PPI network contains pathway information, even though the upstream-downstream relation of PPI is yet to be explored. Here we have constructed a PPI sub-network by extracting the nearest neighbour of the 36 reported candidate genes described in the literature. Although these candidate genes were discovered by different approaches, most of the proteins formed a cluster. Two major protein interaction modules were identified on the basis of the pairwise distance among the proteins in this sub-network. The large and small clusters might play roles in synaptic transmission and signal transduction, respectively, based on gene ontology annotation. The protein interactions in the synaptic transmission cluster were used to explain the interaction between the NRG1 and CACNG2 genes, which was found by both linkage and association studies. This working hypothesis is supported by the co-expression analysis based on public microarray gene expression. Conclusion On the basis of the protein interaction network, it appears that the NRG1-triggered NMDAR protein internalization and the CACNG2 mediated AMPA receptor recruiting may act together in the glutamatergic signalling process. Since both the NMDA and AMPA receptors are calcium channels, this process may regulate the influx of Ca2+. Reducing the cation influx might be one of the disease mechanisms for schizophrenia. This PPI network analysis approach combined with the support from co-expression analysis may provide an efficient way to propose pathogenetic mechanisms for various highly heritable diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Chun Hsu
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, National Yang-Ming University, Taiwan.
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Abstract
Traditionally, etiological research of schizophrenia has been focused on elucidating predisposing genes and environmental risk factors. While numerous putative environmental hazards have been suggested, inconsistencies and methodological limitations of epidemiological studies have made it difficult to identify even a single exogenous cause of schizophrenia. Furthermore, there is increasing evidence that environmental risk factors may not play as much of a significant role in schizophrenia as previously suspected. In this article, we argue that molecular epigenetic studies can overcome the complexities of traditional epidemiological studies and may become a productive line of research in understanding the nongenetic mechanisms of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Oh
- The Krembil Family Epigenetics Laboratory, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, 250 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Arturas Petronis
- The Krembil Family Epigenetics Laboratory, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, 250 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5T 1R8, Canada,To whom correspondence should be addressed; tel: 416-535-8501 ext 4880, fax: 416-979-4666, e-mail:
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Pierce R. What a tangled web we weave: ethical and legal implications of deception in recruitment. Account Res 2008; 15:262-82. [PMID: 18972266 DOI: 10.1080/08989620802388713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Deception in human subject research is neither uncommon nor prohibited. The use of deception in the recruitment phase of clinical research has received relatively little attention. Given that informed consent is foundational to human subject research, the practice of misrepresenting the study purpose in clinical research would seem to contradict one of the fundamental tenets of ethical human subjects research. Using the example of prodromal psychosis, this article the ethical and legal implications of deception in recruitment and the sufficiency of current guidance on the practice when the study involves a stigmatizing condition, the collection of genetic samples, or both. I conclude that when these two elements are present, deception should only be used when absolutely necessary and, if used, researchers should be required to debrief participants before the collection of genetic samples and give particular attention to minimizing risks of privacy breaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Pierce
- Novel Tech Ethics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
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Macedo CE, Sandner G, Angst MJ, Guiberteau T. Rewarded associative and instrumental conditioning after neonatal ventral hippocampus lesions in rats. Brain Res 2008; 1215:190-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2008.03.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2008] [Revised: 03/22/2008] [Accepted: 03/27/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Wolff AR, Bilkey DK. Immune activation during mid-gestation disrupts sensorimotor gating in rat offspring. Behav Brain Res 2008; 190:156-9. [PMID: 18367260 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2008.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2007] [Revised: 02/11/2008] [Accepted: 02/15/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Maternal immune activation (MIA) is a newly developed animal model of schizophrenia. It has recently been reported that when MIA is induced with the cytokine inducer polyinosinic-polycytidilic acid (poly I:C) rats do not show deficits in prepulse inhibition (PPI), a test that is often considered a validity benchmark. The aim of the current experiment was to determine whether doses of poly I:C that have previously been shown to induce the behavioural features of schizophrenia can disrupt PPI in rats. Pregnant rat dams were given a single injection of poly I:C (4.0 mg/kg) or a saline injection equivalent on gestational day 15. Acoustic startle reactivity, habituation of the startle response and PPI were assessed in juvenile (34-35 day) and adult (>56 day) offspring. Prenatal immune activation did not alter startle reactivity on startle-only or prepulse-only trials. Furthermore, there was no effect of MIA on habituation of the startle response. MIA does however disrupt PPI, as PPI was reduced significantly in adult MIA offspring, and a trend was observed in the juvenile animals. Our finding that prenatal poly I:C can disrupt PPI in MIA rats further validates this procedure as an animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy R Wolff
- Psychology Department, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Lo WS, Xu Z, Yu Z, Pun FW, Ng SK, Chen J, Tong KL, Zhao C, Xu X, Tsang SY, Harano M, Stöber G, Nimgaonkar VL, Xue H. Positive selection within the Schizophrenia-associated GABA(A) receptor beta(2) gene. PLoS One 2007; 2:e462. [PMID: 17520021 PMCID: PMC1866178 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0000462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2007] [Accepted: 04/24/2007] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The gamma-aminobutyric acid type-A (GABAA) receptor plays a major role in inhibitory neurotransmissions. Intronic SNPs and haplotypes in GABRB2, the gene for GABAA receptor β2 subunit, are associated with schizophrenia and correlated with the expression of two alternatively spliced β2 isoforms. In the present study, using chimpanzee as an ancestral reference, high frequencies were observed for the derived (D) alleles of the four SNPs rs6556547, rs187269, rs1816071 and rs1816072 in GABRB2, suggesting the occurrence of positive selection for these derived alleles. Coalescence-based simulation showed that the population frequency spectra and the frequencies of H56, the haplotype having all four D alleles, significantly deviated from neutral-evolution expectation in various demographic models. Haplotypes containing the derived allele of rs1816072 displayed significantly less diversity compared to haplotypes containing its ancestral allele, further supporting positive selection. The variations in DD-genotype frequencies in five human populations provided a snapshot of the evolutionary history, which suggested that the positive selections of the D alleles are recent and likely ongoing. The divergence between the DD-genotype profiles of schizophrenic and control samples pointed to the schizophrenia-relevance of positive selections, with the schizophrenic samples showing weakened selections compared to the controls. These DD-genotypes were previously found to increase the expression of β2, especially its long isoform. Electrophysiological analysis showed that this long β2 isoform favored by the positive selections is more sensitive than the short isoform to the inhibition of GABAA receptor function by energy depletion. These findings represent the first demonstration of positive selection in a schizophrenia-associated gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wing-Sze Lo
- Department of Biochemistry, Applied Genomics Laboratory and HKH Bioinformatics Center, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhiwen Xu
- Department of Biochemistry, Applied Genomics Laboratory and HKH Bioinformatics Center, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhiliang Yu
- Graduate program of Atmospheric, Marine, and Coastal Environment, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Frank W. Pun
- Department of Biochemistry, Applied Genomics Laboratory and HKH Bioinformatics Center, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Siu-Kin Ng
- Graduate Program of Bioengineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jianhuan Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, Applied Genomics Laboratory and HKH Bioinformatics Center, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ka-Lok Tong
- Department of Biochemistry, Applied Genomics Laboratory and HKH Bioinformatics Center, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Cunyou Zhao
- Graduate Program of Bioengineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaojing Xu
- Graduate Program of Bioengineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shui-Ying Tsang
- Department of Biochemistry, Applied Genomics Laboratory and HKH Bioinformatics Center, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Mutsuo Harano
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kurume University School of Medicine, Fukuka, Japan
| | - Gerald Stöber
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Vishwajit L. Nimgaonkar
- Departments of Psychiatry and Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, and Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Hong Xue
- Department of Biochemistry, Applied Genomics Laboratory and HKH Bioinformatics Center, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
- * To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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Manconi M, Ferri R, Zucconi M, Oldani A, Fantini ML, Castronovo V, Ferini-Strambi L. First night efficacy of pramipexole in restless legs syndrome and periodic leg movements. Sleep Med 2007; 8:491-7. [PMID: 17512780 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2006.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2006] [Revised: 09/19/2006] [Accepted: 10/14/2006] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Restless legs syndrome (RLS) seems to improve immediately after a single dose of dopamine-agonists (DA). The aim of the present study was to investigate the acute effects of a low standard dose of pramipexole in RLS drug-naïve patients. METHODS A single-blind placebo-controlled study in 32 consecutive idiopathic RLS de-novo patients was carried out. Patients who met the standard criteria for RLS, with a PLMS index greater than 10 as well as an RLS rating scale score greater than 20 underwent clinical and neurophysiological evaluation, hematological screening and two consecutive full-night polysomnographies. On the second night, all patients received 0.25mg of pramipexole or placebo at 9:00 p.m. Acute symptom response was assessed by a visual analogical scale (VAS). RESULTS Eighteen patients received pramipexole and 14 patients received placebo. Compared to placebo, the single low dose (0.25mg) of pramipexole significantly improved RLS symptoms (VAS: from 7.4+/-1.68 to 1.3+/-1.62, p<0.00001) and strongly reduced PLMS index (from 45.8+/-33.56 to 9.4+/-11.40, p<0.0002). A significant increase in the percentage of stage 2 non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep was also observed in the pramipexole group (from 38.7+/-10.50 to 50.6+/-12.13, p<0.02). CONCLUSIONS A low dose of pramipexole was effective in treatment-naïve patients with RLS from the first night of administration. These results support a direct involvement of the dopaminergic system in RLS pathogenesis and might have important implications for a possible future pramipexole administration on-demand, as well as for a pharmacological test to confirm diagnosis in clinically complex cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Manconi
- Sleep Disorders Center, Department of Neurology, Scientific Institute and University Ospedale San Raffaele, Vita-Salute University, Milan, Italy.
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Lo WS, Harano M, Gawlik M, Yu Z, Chen J, Pun FW, Tong KL, Zhao C, Ng SK, Tsang SY, Uchimura N, Stober G, Xue H. GABRB2 association with schizophrenia: commonalities and differences between ethnic groups and clinical subtypes. Biol Psychiatry 2007; 61:653-60. [PMID: 16950232 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2006] [Revised: 05/03/2006] [Accepted: 05/09/2006] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and haplotypes in intron 8 of type A gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA(A)) receptor beta2 subunit gene (GABRB2) were initially found to be associated with schizophrenia in Chinese. This finding was subjected to cross-validation in this study with Japanese (JP) and German Caucasian (GE) subjects. METHODS Single nucleotide polymorphisms discovery and genotyping were carried out through resequencing of a 1839 base pair (bp) region in GABRB2. Tagging SNPs (tSNPs) were selected based on linkage disequilibrium (LD), combinations of which were analyzed with Bonferroni correction and permutation for disease association. Random resampling was applied to generate size- and gender-balanced cases and control subjects. RESULTS Out of the 17 SNPs (9.2/kilobase [kb]) revealed, 6 were population-specific. Population variations in LD were observable, and at least two low LD points were identified in both populations. Although disease association at single SNP level was only shown in GE, strong association was demonstrated in both JP (p = .0002 - .0191) and GE (p = .0033 - .0410) subjects, centering on haplotypes containing rs1816072 and rs1816071. Among different clinical subtypes, the most significant association was exhibited by systematic schizophrenia. CONCLUSIONS Cross-population validation of GABRB2 association with schizophrenia has been obtained with JP and GE subjects, with the genotype-disease correlations being strongest in systematic schizophrenia, the most severe subtype of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wing-Sze Lo
- Department of Biochemistry and Applied Genomics Laboratory, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
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Angst MJ, Macedo CE, Guiberteau T, Sandner G. Alteration of conditioned emotional response and conditioned taste aversion after neonatal ventral hippocampus lesions in rats. Brain Res 2007; 1143:183-92. [PMID: 17328870 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2007.01.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2007] [Revised: 01/17/2007] [Accepted: 01/17/2007] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Sprague-Dawley rats were submitted to bilateral ventral hippocampus lesions 7 days after birth according to the Lipska and Weinberger's procedure for modeling schizophrenia. The aim of the present work was to better characterize their learning capacity. A double latent inhibition study was conducted using respectively conditioned taste aversion and conditioned emotional response. In the background of this evaluation, locomotion under apomorphine and startle reactions, inhibited or not by prepulses, was also evaluated. Our experimental methods were the same as those used in previous studies from the laboratory which were found to be sensitive to pharmacological manipulations and shown by others to be unaffected by lesions of the ventral hippocampus carried out in adult rats. In contrast, neonatally lesioned rats, once adults (over 60 days old), were hyper-responsive to noise--i.e., the startle response to a 105 db(A) noise pulse was enhanced--and hyperactive under apomorphine (0.7 mg/kg). The prepulse inhibition properties of the startle remained unchanged. Lesioned rats showed a deficit but not a suppression of conditioning, similar in both tests, but latent inhibition was preserved. Such observations complement the already known memory deficit produced in this neurodevelopmental model of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Josée Angst
- U666 INSERM, Faculté de Médecine, Université Louis Pasteur, 11, rue Humann, 67085 Strasbourg Cédex, France
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Ferri R, Zucconi M, Rundo F, Spruyt K, Manconi M, Ferini-Strambi L. Heart rate and spectral EEG changes accompanying periodic and non-periodic leg movements during sleep. Clin Neurophysiol 2007; 118:438-48. [PMID: 17140849 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2006.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2006] [Revised: 09/18/2006] [Accepted: 10/08/2006] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the changes in heart rate (HR) and EEG spectra accompanying periodic (PLM) and non-periodic leg movements (NPLM) during sleep in patients with restless legs syndrome (RLS). METHODS Sixteen patients with RLS underwent one polysomnographic night recording; leg movements (LMs) during sleep were detected and classified as PLM or NPLM; up to 10 PLM and NPLM were chosen from NREM and REM sleep, for each patient and for each type (mono- or bilateral). EEG spectral analysis and HR were evaluated for 20s preceding and 30s following the onset of each LM. RESULTS EEG activation preceded LMs, particularly in the delta band which increased before the other frequency bands, in NREM sleep but not in REM sleep for PLM, and in both stages for NPLM. A similar difference was seen between mono- and bilateral LMs. CONCLUSIONS Sleep EEG, HR, and leg motor activity seems to be modulated by a complex dynamically interacting system of cortical and subcortical mechanisms, which influence each other. SIGNIFICANCE Future studies on the clinical significance of leg motor events during sleep need to take into account events classifiable as "isolated" and to integrate the autonomic and EEG changes accompanying them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele Ferri
- Sleep Research Centre, Department of Neurology I.C., Oasi Institute (IRCCS), 94018 Troina, Italy.
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Abstract
The neurological and physiological basis of brain function and disease has been a significant focus of investigation throughout the history of medical research. Recent advances in understanding have led to the development of new treatments for diseases of the brain and defects of cognitive and behavioral function: pharmacological, cell-based and even gene therapy may all provide keys to cognitive regeneration. Such therapies, however, might be applied not only towards restoring brain function in the case of disease but to enhance cognitive function for healthy individuals. The concept of cognitive enhancement raises many ethical issues: whether brain-enhancing treatments should be developed and made available and to whom; and what potential consequences might arise? This paper explores some of the ethical arguments associated with cognitive enhancement and concludes that although the technology involved is as yet uncertain and issues of social equity remain to be addressed, the potential benefit of enhancing human brain function is clear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Chan
- Centre for Social Ethics and Policy, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Arajärvi R, Ukkola J, Haukka J, Suvisaari J, Hintikka J, Partonen T, Lönnqvist J. Psychosis among "healthy" siblings of schizophrenia patients. BMC Psychiatry 2006; 6:6. [PMID: 16448569 PMCID: PMC1434733 DOI: 10.1186/1471-244x-6-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2005] [Accepted: 01/31/2006] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schizophrenia aggregates in families and accurate diagnoses are essential for genetic studies of schizophrenia. In this study, we investigated whether siblings of patients with schizophrenia can be identified as free of any psychotic disorder using only register information. We also analyzed the emergence of psychotic disorders among siblings of patients with schizophrenia during seven to eleven years of follow-up. METHODS A genetically homogenous population isolate in north-eastern Finland having 365 families with 446 patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia was initially identified in 1991 using four nationwide registers. Between 1998 and 2002, 124 patients and 183 siblings in 110 families were contacted and interviewed using SCID-I, SCID-II and SANS. We also compared the frequency of mental disorders between siblings and a random population comparison group sample. RESULTS Thirty (16%) siblings received a diagnosis of psychotic disorder in the interview. 14 siblings had had psychotic symptoms already before 1991, while 16 developed psychotic symptoms during the follow-up. Over half of the siblings (n = 99, 54%) had a lifetime diagnosis of any mental disorder in the interview. CONCLUSION Register information cannot be used to exclude psychotic disorders among siblings of patients with schizophrenia. The high rate of emergence of new psychotic disorders among initially healthy siblings should be taken into account in genetic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritva Arajärvi
- Department of Mental Health and Alcohol Research, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jonna Ukkola
- Department of Mental Health and Alcohol Research, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jari Haukka
- Department of Mental Health and Alcohol Research, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jaana Suvisaari
- Department of Mental Health and Alcohol Research, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jukka Hintikka
- Päijät-Häme Central Hospital, Lahti, Finland and University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Timo Partonen
- Department of Mental Health and Alcohol Research, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jouko Lönnqvist
- Department of Mental Health and Alcohol Research, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Psychiatry, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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